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7/30/2019 ONT Mod 2-Lesson 1_edited
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2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialONT 1
ONT Module 2 Lesson 1 - Introducing VoIP Networks
Cisco VoIP
Implementations
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Objectives
Introduction Traditional Telephony
Describe the benefits of a VoIP network. Describe the components of a VoIP network.
Describe the legacy analog interfaces used in VoIP networks.
Describe the digital interfaces used in VoIP networks.
Explain the 3 phases of call control.
Compare and contrast distributed and centralized call control.
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Introduction Traditional Telephony
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Traditional Telephony - Call Signaling
Call signaling include: Supervisory, address, andinformational signaling
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SupervisorySignaling
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Address Signaling
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Basic Call Progress
The progress of a telephone call with loopstart signaling
in place can be divided into five phases:
Onhook
Offhook
Dialing
Switching
Ringing
Talking.
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On-Hook
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Off-Hook
350- and 440-hertz [Hz] tones played continuously
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Dialing
CC O
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Switching
440 and 480Hz tones
Busy signal consists of 480- and 620-Hz tones
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Ringing
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Talking
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Informational Signaling
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Pulse Dialing
Pulse Dialing is an inband signaling technique.
It is used in analog telephones that have a rotary dialing switch
The large numeric dialwheel on a rotarydial telephone spins tosend digits to place a call.
Each pulse consists of a "break" and a "make", which are achievedwhen the local loop circuit is opened and closed.
3
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DTMF Dialing
DTMF dialing is an inband signaling technique just like pulse
dialing. This technique is used in analog telephone sets that have a
touchtone pad.
This dialing technique uses only two frequency tones per digit, asshown in Figure
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DTMF Dialing - example
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Digital vs. Analog Connections
Supervisory, address, and informational signaling mustbe carried across both analog and digital connections.
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Benefits of a VoIP Network
More efficient use of bandwidth and equipment
Lower transmission costs Consolidated network expenses
Improved employee productivity through features
provided by IP telephony:
IP phones are complete business communication devices.
Directory lookups and database applications (XML)
Integration of telephony into any
business application
Software-based and wireless
phones offer mobility.
Access to new communications
devices (such as PDAs and
cable set-top boxes)
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Components of a VoIP Network
Gateways interconnect theVoIP network with traditionaltelephony devices
for conferences
Provide XML-based services to IP phones (directory services.)
Gatekeeper: Optional, provide Call AdmissionControl (CAC) Translates telephone numbers or
names to IP for call routing H.323
call control,CAC, bandwidthcontrol, andaddresstranslation
SCCP
MGCP,H323,SIP
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Components of a VoIP Network
Analog Phone vs IP Phone
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Legacy Analog Interfaces in VoIP Networks
Gateways use different types of interfaces to connect to analogdevices, such as telephones, fax machines, or PBX or PSTN
switches. Analog interfaces that are used at the gateways includethese three types:
Foreign Exchange Station (FXS)
Foreign Exchange Office (FXO)
Ear and Mouth (E&M)
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Legacy Analog Interfaces in VoIP Networks
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1. The gateway serves a telephone and a fax machine using two FXS interfaces. For these twodevices, the router acts like a PBX or a PSTN switch.
2. The router connects to the PSTN using an FXO interface. For this connection, the router acts
like a telephone toward the PSTN.3. Another FXO interface connects to a PBX (PBX-1). Again, the router acts like an end system
toward the PBX, and hence uses the same port type as the telephone and fax that connect toPBX-1 use.
4. A second PBX (PBX-2) connects to the router FXS interface. For this connection, the PBXbehaves like a telephone toward the router, and the router acts like a PSTN switch.
5. Finally, the router connects to another PBX (PBX-3), this time using an E&M interface. On this
trunk connection, both the router and PBX-3 act as a PBX.
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Digital Interfaces
Gateways can use digital interfaces to connect to voice
equipment. From a hardware perspective, there areBRIs and T1 and E1 interfaces available. All of theinterfaces use TDM to support multiple logicalchannels.
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Call Setup
Checks call-routing configuration
Determines bandwidth availability
If bandwidth is available, setup message is passedIf bandwidth is not available, busy signal is generated
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Call Maintenance
Tracks quality parameters:
Packet loss
Jitter
Delay
Maintains or drops call based on connection quality
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Call Teardown
Notifies devices to free resources
Resources are made available to subsequent calls
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Stages for Completing a VoIP Telephone Call
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Distributed Call ControlSupervise call: For quality, R1 terminate if Quality too low then inform R2Terminate call: R1 know Phone on-hook, R1 inform R2 terminate
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Centralized Call ControlSupervise call: For quality, R1 terminate if Quality too low then inform CATerminate call: R1 know Phone on-hook, R1 inform CA
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Self Check
1. Which type of call control uses a call agent to route
the call?2. What is a DSP?
3. Name 3 types of analog interfaces used at gateways.
4. What are the 3 components of basic call control?5. What phase of call control involves determining if
bandwidth is available to place the call?
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Summary
Introduction Traditional Telephony
Describe the benefits of a VoIP network.
Describe the components of a VoIP network.
Describe the legacy analog interfaces used in VoIP
networks. Describe the digital interfaces used in VoIP networks.
Explain the 3 phases of call control.
Compare and contrast distributed and centralized call
control.
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Q and A
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Resources
Waveform Coding Techniques
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk1077/technologies_tech_note09186a00801149b3.shtml
VoIP Overview (NetBit)
http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/779/servpro/solutions/wirele
ss_mobile/kbs/voip_kb.html
IP Telephony Basicshttp://www.intel.com/network/csp/resources/white_papers/4070web.htm
CCNP ONT Bachkhoa Networking Academy
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk1077/technologies_tech_note09186a00801149b3.shtmlhttp://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk1077/technologies_tech_note09186a00801149b3.shtmlhttp://www.cisco.com/warp/public/779/servpro/solutions/wireless_mobile/kbs/voip_kb.htmlhttp://www.cisco.com/warp/public/779/servpro/solutions/wireless_mobile/kbs/voip_kb.htmlhttp://www.intel.com/network/csp/resources/http://www.intel.com/network/csp/resources/white_papers/4070web.htmhttp://www.intel.com/network/csp/resources/white_papers/4070web.htmhttp://www.intel.com/network/csp/resources/white_papers/4070web.htmhttp://www.intel.com/network/csp/resources/white_papers/4070web.htmhttp://www.intel.com/network/csp/resources/http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/779/servpro/solutions/wireless_mobile/kbs/voip_kb.htmlhttp://www.cisco.com/warp/public/779/servpro/solutions/wireless_mobile/kbs/voip_kb.htmlhttp://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk1077/technologies_tech_note09186a00801149b3.shtmlhttp://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk1077/technologies_tech_note09186a00801149b3.shtml7/30/2019 ONT Mod 2-Lesson 1_edited
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