Upload
willis-ferguson
View
212
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Ontologies and Terminology
and how they relate to lexicography
Adam Kilgarriff
Auckland 2012 1Kilgarriff: Ontologies and Terminology
Auckland 2012 Kilgarriff: Ontologies and Terminology 2
Terminology
Contains terms for the objects and concepts in a domain organized according to relations between
objects Different language
Same objects, so Same organization Different terms
Auckland 2012 Kilgarriff: Ontologies and Terminology 3
Ontology Artificial Intelligence Like terminology with reasoning
Tweety is-a swallow A swallow is-a bird Birds flyInference----------------------- Tweety flies
the rationalist dream of automated reasoning
Bird• flies
swallow robin …
Tweety
Auckland 2012 Kilgarriff: Ontologies and Terminology 4
Ontology
Chris is-a dentist Chris has-practice in Lancing Chris works 9am-3pm Mon-Fri … You live-near Lancing You want-to-visit dentist You are-available …Inference---------------------------------------------------------Appointment, you, Chris, Lancing, 10am, Thursday
Auckland 2012 Kilgarriff: Ontologies and Terminology 5
Items in an ontology
Defined by relations in ontology
Labelled (only) by words/phrases in various languages
X1EN: birdFR: oiseau
X2EN: swallowFR: hirondelle
…
•Ontology/things: language independent
Auckland 2012 Kilgarriff: Ontologies and Terminology 6
Mismatches and gaps
Y1EN: body partsSP: …
Y2SP: dedo
Y5EN: armSP: bras
Y3EN: finger
Y4EN: toe
Auckland 2012 Kilgarriff: Ontologies and Terminology 7
Thesaurus (eg Roget)
Looks like a simple ontology hierarchy only supports inference?
usually fudged
Language independent?
Auckland 2012 Kilgarriff: Ontologies and Terminology 8
WordNet
Princeton Univ project, from ca 1990Thesaurus
Synonym sets or synsets Hyponyms/hyperonyms, antonyms, part-of, other
lexical relations
Free, online and available for download Very widely used Replicated for many languages, Global WN Assn
Auckland 2012 Kilgarriff: Ontologies and Terminology 9
Lexicon/dictionary
About wordsOrganized by wordsLanguage specific
Auckland 2012 Kilgarriff: Ontologies and Terminology 10
Rationalists Empiricists
Structure Depth Logic Semantic Web
Terminology
Data Breadth Statistics Google
Lexicography
Auckland 2012 Kilgarriff: Ontologies and Terminology 11
Terminology Lexicography
What is the thing called in languages x, y, z
What kind of thing is it Is-a link Its place in ontology
Well-structured hierarchy
How does the word behave? what does it denote?
Where does it occur?
Auckland 2012 Kilgarriff: Ontologies and Terminology 12
Synthesis Thesis
Ontology, terminology, taxonomical lexicography Semantic web, Roget, WordNets
Antithesis Corpus lexicography
Synthesis: integrating language-independent structure language-specific word/phrase behaviour
Corpus-based terminology FrameNet
Auckland 2012 Kilgarriff: Ontologies and Terminology 13
Summary
words
Lexicon
Thesaurus/Terminology
Ontology
things