Open House, Berlin June 3, 2003 Bob Heile, Chairman, Zigbee Alliance Hosted by Nanotron Technologies

Open House, Berlin June 3, 2003

Bob Heile, Chairman, Zigbee Alliance

Hosted by Nanotron Technologies

Month YearCopyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc.

2

Today’s Agenda

Time Discussion Topic Moderator1:00 PM Welcome and Introductions Bob Heile, ZigBee Alliance Chairman

1:05 PM ZigBee Alliance Overview, Goals and Objectives

Bob Heile

Philips Michael Eckardt

Motorola Kristen Law

Mitsubishi Jinyun Zhang

Invensys Geoff Mulligan

Honeywell Patrick Gonia

2:30 PM IEEE 802.15.4 Status and Technical Update

Pat Kinney,Kinney Consulting, Chair IEEE 802.15.4

2:50 PM Break

1:40 PM ZigBee Promoter Introductions and Presentations:


3

Today’s Agenda (2)

Time Discussion Topic Moderator3:10 PM ZigBee Marketing Overview Venkat Bahl, Vice Chairman, ZigBee Alliance

Architecture Subcommittee Don Sturek, Figure8Profiles Nick Shepherd, PhilipsBuilding Automation Pat Kinney, Kinney ConsultingNetworking Monique Bourgeois, MotorolaSecurity Ed Callaway, MotorolaInteroperability Bhupender Virk, Chair of Interoperability WG

ZigBee Member CompaniesPresentations from some of the ZigBee member companies

5:00 PM Closing Q & A Bob Heile5:30 PM Networking Reception & Boat Cruise

3:30 PM

4:00 PM AMI , Certicom, Chipcon, ENQ, Figure 8 Wireless, Millennial Net, Nanotron, Samsung, Zensys, ZMD

ZigBee Technical Working Groups Goals and activities of each working group


4

Mission Statement

To enable reliable, cost-effective, low-power, wirelessly networked,

monitoring and control products based on an open global standard.


5

The ZigBee Alliance Solution

• Targeted at home and building automation and controls, consumer electronics, PC peripherals, medical monitoring, and toys

• Industry standard through application profiles running over IEEE 802.15.4 radios

• Primary drivers are simplicity, long battery life, networking capabilities, reliability, and cost

• Alliance provides interoperability and certification testing


6

History

ZigBee

IEEE 802.15.4

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

RSI/TRDProposals

Initial MRD v0.2

PAR

Proposalto IEEE

ProposalsStand.

CompleteReviews

ZigBee Allianceformed


7

Promoter Companies


8

Membership Classes

• Promoters– founding members of ZigBee, who form the

Board of Directors. There are currently 5 promoters + 1 chairperson

• Participants– members who generally wish to make technical

contributions and/or serve on the Technical Group committees. These members have early access to specifications, and they may also chair working group subcommittees. They are in a position to help shape the ZigBee technology for industrial applications and the connected home.


9

Working Groups

• Profile Architecture (Nick Shepherd)• Network (Monique Bourgeois)• Security (Larry Puhl, acting)• Interoperability (Bhupender Virk)• Building Automation (Pat Kinney)• Marketing (Venkat Bahl)


10

Organization Structure

Larry Puhl, acting


11

The Wireless MarketS

HO

RT

<

R

AN

GE

>

L

ON

G

LOW < DATA RATE > HIGH

PAN

LAN

TEXT GRAPHICS INTERNET HI-FI AUDIO

STREAMINGVIDEO

DIGITALVIDEO

MULTI-CHANNELVIDEO

Bluetooth1

Bluetooth 2

ZigBee

802.11b

802.11a/HL2 & 802.11g


12

Applications

ZigBeeWireless Control that

Simply Works

RESIDENTIAL/LIGHT

COMMERCIAL CONTROL

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

TVVCRDVD/CDremote

securityHVAClighting controlaccess controllawn & garden irrigation

PC & PERIPHERALS

INDUSTRIALCONTROL

asset mgtprocess controlenvironmental

energy mgt

PERSONAL HEALTH CARE

BUILDING AUTOMATION

securityHVAC

AMRlighting control

access control

mousekeyboardjoystick

patient monitoring

fitness monitoring


13

Development of the Standard

• ZigBee Alliance– 50+ companies: semiconductor

mfrs, IP providers, OEMs, etc.– Defining upper layers of

protocol stack: from network to application, including application profiles

– First profiles published mid 2003

• IEEE 802.15.4 Working Group– Defining lower layers of

protocol stack: MAC and PHY scheduled for release in April

SILICON

ZIGBEE STACK

APPLICATION Customer

IEEE802.15.4

ZigBee Alliance


14

Frequencies and Data Rates

BAND COVERAGE DATA RATE # OF CHANNEL(S)

2.4 GHz ISM Worldwide 250 kbps 16

868 MHz Europe 20 kbps 1

915 MHz ISM Americas 40 kbps 10


15

Stack Reference Model

IEEE 802.15.4 PHY

IEEE 802.15.4 MAC (CPS)

ZigBee NWK

MAC (SSCS)802.2 LLC

IP

API UDP

ZA1 ZA2 … ZAn IA1 IAn

Transmission & reception on the physical radio channel

Channel access, PAN maintenance, reliable data transport

Topology management, MAC management, routing, discovery

protocol, security management

Application interface designed usinggeneral profile

End developer applications, designed using application profiles


16

Protocol Stack Features

• Microcontroller utilized• Full protocol stack <32 k• Simple node-only

stack ~4k• Coordinators

require extra RAM– Node device database

– Transaction table

– Pairing table

PHY LAYER2.4 GHz 915MHz 868 MHz

MAC LAYERMAC LAYER

NETWORK LAYERStar/Cluster/Mesh

APPLICATION INTERFACE

APPLICATIONS

SiliconApplication ZigBee Stack

Customer

IEEE802.15.4

ZigBee Alliance

SECURITY

ZigBee and Bluetooth

Competitive or Complementary?


18


• ZigBee– Smaller packets over

large network– Mostly Static

networks with many, infrequently used devices

– Home automation, toys, remote controls, etc.

• Bluetooth– Larger packets over small

network– Ad-hoc networks– File transfer – Screen graphics, pictures,

hands-free audio, Mobile phones, headsets, PDAs, etc.

Optimized for different applications


19

• Bluetooth is a cable replacement for items like Phones, Laptop Computers, Headsets

• Bluetooth expects regular charging– Target is to use

<10% of host power

ZigBee and BluetoothAddress Different Needs


20

• ZigBee is better for devices Where the battery is ‘rarely’ replaced– Targets are :

• Tiny fraction of host power• New opportunities where

wireless not yet used


Address Different Needs


21

Air interfaceZigBee• DSSS- 11 chips/

symbol• 62.5 K symbols/s • 4 Bits/ symbol• Peak Information Rate

~128 Kbit/second

Bluetooth• FHSS• 1 M Symbol / second• Peak Information Rate

~720 Kbit / second



22

Silicon

PHY Layer

MAC LayerMAC Layer

Data Link Layer

Network Layer

ZigBeeStack

Application

Application Interface

Application

Protocol Stack Comparison

Silicon

RFBaseband

Link Controller

Vo

ice

Link Manager

Host Control Interface

L2CAP

TelephonyControlProtocol

Inte

rco

m

Hea

dse

t

Co

rdle

ss

Gro

up

Cal

l

RFCOMM(Serial Port)

OBEX

BluetoothStack

Applications

vCar

d

vCal

vNo

te

vMes

sag

e

Dia

l-u

pN

etw

ork

ing

Fax ServiceDiscoveryProtocol

User Interface

Zigbee Bluetooth



23

Bluetooth:• Network join time = >3s• Sleeping slave changing to active = 3s typically• Active slave channel access time = 2ms typically

ZigBee:• Network join time = 30ms typically • Sleeping slave changing to active = 15ms typically• Active slave channel access time = 15ms typically

Timing Considerations

ZigBee protocol is optimized for timing critical applications



24

Initial Enumeration

Coordinator Coordinator

ZigBee Bluetooth


25

ZigBee and BluetoothBluetooth ZigBee

AIR INTERFACE FHSS DSSS

PROTOCOL STACK 250 kb 28 kb

BATTERY rechargeable non-rechargeable

DEVICES/NETWORK 8 255

LINK RATE 1 Mbps 250 kbps

RANGE ~10 meters (w/o pa) ~30 meters

Comparison Overview


26

An Application Example

• Wireless Light switch – – Easy for Builders to Install

• A Bluetooth Implementation would either :– keep a counter running so

that it could predict which hop frequency the light would have reached or

– use the inquiry procedure to find the light each time the switch was operated.

Battery Life & Latency in a Light Switch


27

Light switch using Bluetooth• Option 1: use counter to predict hop frequency

reached by light– The two devices must stay within 60 us (~1/10 of a

hop)– With 30ppm crystals, devices need to communicate

once a second to track each other's clocks.– Assume this could be improved by a factor of 100 then

devices would need to communicate once every 100 seconds to maintain synchronization.

– => 900 communications / day with no information transfer + perhaps 4 communications on demand

– 99.5% Battery Power wasted


28

Light switch using Bluetooth

• Option 2: Inquiry procedure to locate light each time switch is operated– Bluetooth 1.1 = up to 10 seconds typical– Bluetooth 1.2 = several seconds even if

optimized

– Unacceptable latency


29

Light switch using ZigBee

• With DSSS interface, only need to perform CSMA before transmitting – Only 200 µs of latency– Highly efficient use of battery power

ZigBee offers longer battery life and lower latency than a

Bluetooth equivalent.


30

Conclusion• ZigBee targets applications not addressable by Bluetooth or any other

wireless standard

• ZigBee and Bluetooth complement for a broader solution



31

More Information

ZigBee Alliance web site http://www.ZigBee.org

IEEE 802.15.4 web sitehttp://www.ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4.html

Bob Heile, [email protected]

Documents

Open House, Berlin June 3, 2003 Bob Heile, Chairman, Zigbee Alliance Hosted by Nanotron Technologies