Opener – Sept. 10

What does it mean to reform?

School Reforms

Work with your small group members to come up with 10 reforms that you would like to see here at school.

You will be sharing, so make sure they are appropriate!

Prior to the Reformation all Christians were Roman Catholic

The [REFORM]ation was an attempt to REFORM the Catholic Church

People like Martin Luther wanted to get rid of the corruption and restore the people’s faith in the church

In the end the reformers, like Luther, established their own religions

The Reformation caused a split in Christianity with the formation of these new Protestant religions

100 Years War and Black Death

Scientific Advances which contradicted the Church

The Corruption within the Catholic Church

Example: Did not accept usury (loans with interest) but accepted indulgences and government funds

Social Causes•Renaissance created values of humanism and secularism = people questioning the Christian Church

•The Printing Press = much easier for ideas critical of the Church to spread and be read.

Political Causes• Powerful monarchs (Kings/Queens) challenged the Christian Church for power in Europe.

•Leaders throughout Europe thought of the Pope as a foreign ruler of their people.

Economic Causes• European monarchs jealous of

the Church’s wealth

•People hated paying taxes to the Church

Religious Causes• Some Church leaders were

becoming too secular and corrupt.

•Church selling indulgences and other practices

Martin Luther

John Calvin

Henry VIII

Lived from 1483-1546 in Germany

Father encouraged him to study law

A sudden religious experience inspired him to become a monk

He became troubled over the possibility of not going to heaven

He turned to the Bible, and confession for comfort

In the Bible he found the answer he was looking for

“The righteous shall by his faith.”

Luther realized that only faith (in the ultimate goodness of Jesus), not good deeds, could save a person. No good works, rituals, etc. would save a person if they did not believe.

• Johann Tetzel was a Friar near Luther who was collecting money from Church goers by selling indulgences.

• Indulgences: Tetzel was telling people that if they bought enough they could get into heaven.

•A total scam!

•However, the Church was really selling these in order to make money to rebuild St. Peter’s Basilica

• Luther responded to this by…

A list of things he thought were wrong with the Catholic Church (95 Complaints)

He criticized:

The Power of the Pope

The Extreme Wealth of the Church

Indulgences (Catholic concept of Salvation)

Gutenberg’s Printing Press made it possible for Luther to spread his beliefs

Posted his 95 Theses on Church doors in Germany

Gained support from people and criticism from Church

•The first thing printed on Gutenberg’s press was the Bible.

•This is a picture of a page from one of Gutenberg’s Bibles.

•Salvation by faith alone

•Bible is the ultimate authority

•All humans are equal before God

For this reason we forbid anyone from this time forward to dare, either by words or by deeds, to receive, defend, sustain, or favour the said Martin Luther. On the contrary, we want him to be apprehended and punished as a notorious heretic, as he deserves, to be brought personally before us, or to be securely guarded until those who have captured him inform us, where upon we will order the appropriate manner of proceeding against the said Luther. Those who will help in his capture will be rewarded generously for their good work.

The Diet of Worms1520 Pope Leo X orders Luther to give up his beliefsLuther burned the order and was excommunicatedLuther went into hiding where he translated the New Testament into German – spreading his beliefs even further

He was the Pope during the height of the corruption

“I am fed up with the world, and it with me. I am like a ripe stool, and the world is like a gigantic anus, and so we’re about to let go of each other.”

-Luther

Some Local German Churches accepted Luther’s ideas

Lutheranism was formed

Supported by some German Princes who issued a formal “protest” against the Church for suppressing the reforms

The reformers came to be known as [PROTEST]ants - Protestants

Anti-Catholic

Influenced by Martin Luther

Disagreed with Luther’s “Salvation through faith alone.”

Created his own Protestant religion in Switzerland

“May little chickens dig out your eyes 100,000 times.”

- Calvin speaking to another reformer whose ideas he disagreed with

Calvin believed in:

Salvation through Predestination

At birth it is decided if you will go to heaven or hell

Those who

Went to heaven

Were the elect

Foreknowledge

God knows everything that will happen in your life

Purified approach to life:

No drinking, swearing, card playing, gambling etc..

Hard Work/Good Deeds:

Although you were predestined to go to Heaven, if you were a part of the elect you were naturally a better person

Therefore, if you were part of the elect you lived a hardworking and trustworthy life and did good deeds.

Started in Switzerland – Calvinists

England = Puritans (Sepratists)

Scotland = Presbyterians

Holland = Dutch Reform

France = Huguenots

Germany = Reform Church

PuritanHugeunots

Presbyterian

OpenerOpenerWhy were Martin Luther’s ideas Why were Martin Luther’s ideas

able to spread so quickly able to spread so quickly throughout Germany?throughout Germany?

EnglandEnglandhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-fadCAHjN-s

Henry VIII-English Henry VIII-English ReformationReformation

Wife-Catherine of Aragon-Has Wife-Catherine of Aragon-Has Daughter Mary-Henry wanted a Daughter Mary-Henry wanted a sonson

Asked Pope to Asked Pope to annulannul his marriage his marriage ((divorcedivorce was not allowed) was not allowed)

Pope refused- Henry asked Parliament Pope refused- Henry asked Parliament (English Congress) to end Pope’s (English Congress) to end Pope’s (Catholic Church’s) power in England(Catholic Church’s) power in England

Act of Act of SupremacySupremacy-Henry VIII- Head of -Henry VIII- Head of England’s Church- England’s Church- AnglicanAnglican Church Church

Henry VIIIHenry VIII

He was big and He was big and handsome and handsome and wore fine clotheswore fine clothes

He loved games, He loved games, horse-riding and horse-riding and huntinghunting

He spoke four He spoke four languages, wrote languages, wrote poetry and played poetry and played musicmusic

But most important to him…But most important to him…

He wanted to be a He wanted to be a strong king, with strong king, with a firm hold on the a firm hold on the thronethrone

He most wanted a He most wanted a son to son to succeedsucceed himhim

Catherine of AragonCatherine of Aragon

Married 1509Married 1509 She was daughter She was daughter

to the king of Spainto the king of Spain She had a She had a

daughter, daughter, MaryMary, , but no sonsbut no sons

She was too old for She was too old for more childrenmore children

In 1533, Henry In 1533, Henry divorced herdivorced her

Anne BoleynAnne Boleyn

Married 1533Married 1533She was young, She was young,

pretty and wittypretty and wittyShe had one She had one

daughter, daughter, ElizabethElizabeth

She was beheaded She was beheaded for being unfaithful for being unfaithful in 1536in 1536

Jane SeymourJane Seymour

Married 1536 (11 Married 1536 (11 days after days after execution of Anne)execution of Anne)

She had a son, She had a son, EdwardEdward

Died soon after Died soon after (1537)(1537)

Henry probably Henry probably lovedloved her best of all her best of all his wiveshis wives

Anne of ClevesAnne of Cleves

Married 1540Married 1540The marriage The marriage

made a link made a link between England between England and Germanyand Germany

Henry thought Henry thought she was uglyshe was ugly

Divorced 1540 – Divorced 1540 – the same year!the same year!

Catherine HowardCatherine Howard

Married 1540Married 1540She was 20, She was 20,

Henry was 49Henry was 49She was She was

unfaithfulunfaithfulExecuted in 1542Executed in 1542

Catherine ParrCatherine Parr

Married 1543Married 1543She liked family She liked family

life and looked life and looked after Henry’s after Henry’s childrenchildren

She outlived She outlived HenryHenry

English MonarchyEnglish Monarchy

After Henry VIII’s death 1547After Henry VIII’s death 1547Edward Edward VI-Jane Seymour’s son Died VI-Jane Seymour’s son Died

after 6 yearsafter 6 yearsMary- Daughter of Catherine of Aragon-Mary- Daughter of Catherine of Aragon-

Returned England to Returned England to Catholic “Bloody Catholic “Bloody Mary”Mary”

ElizabethElizabeth- Daughter of Anne Boleyn-- Daughter of Anne Boleyn-Returned to Returned to ProtestantProtestant-Ruled from 1533--Ruled from 1533-1603- The “Virgin Queen”- 1603- The “Virgin Queen”- VirginiaVirginia named for her.named for her.

Queen Elizabeth’s ReignQueen Elizabeth’s Reign

Rule: 1558-1603Rule: 1558-1603She brought back Protestantism, but She brought back Protestantism, but

was very was very toleranttolerant of Catholics of Catholics Attempted to spread the empire through Attempted to spread the empire through

colonizationcolonization, however stopped after the , however stopped after the Roanoke Roanoke disasterdisaster

Perhaps her greatest victory was the Perhaps her greatest victory was the defeat of the defeat of the Spanish Armada Spanish Armada in 1588in 1588

The Tudors: HISTERIA!!!The Tudors: HISTERIA!!!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fAmRSHRwADE&context=C3d37d39ADOEgsToPDskJgpN0xOlUdocWvV9h_qEAE

Other ReformersOther Reformers

AnabaptistsAnabaptists-- “Baptize Again”- “Baptize Again”-separation of Church- & State-later separation of Church- & State-later become Mennonites & Amish- become Mennonites & Amish- influenced the Quakers and Baptistsinfluenced the Quakers and Baptists

Catholic Reformation- Ignatius-Catholic Reformation- Ignatius-founded the founded the JesuitsJesuits-Build schools, -Build schools, convert non-Catholics, stop convert non-Catholics, stop Protestant religions Protestant religions

Council of Council of TrentTrent

Church’sChurch’s interpretation of Bible was interpretation of Bible was finalfinal

Christians needed Christians needed faith AND good faith AND good worksworks for salvation for salvation

Bible and the ChurchBible and the Church were both were both needed for guiding Christian lifeneeded for guiding Christian life

Indulgences Indulgences were valid expressions were valid expressions of faithof faith