OPERANT CONDITIONING

Unit 6OPERANT CONDITIONINGSensitivity to Punishment & RewardsPunishment Score=Add all of your Yes responses for each ODD numberYoull have a range from 0-24

Reward Score=Add all of your Yes responses for each EVEN numberYoull have a range from 0-24High punishment score you are likely vulnerable to anxietyHigh reward score you are likely vulnerable to impulsivityObjective 4:Applications of Classical ConditioningJohn Watson and Baby Albert

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FMnhyGozLyELittle AlbertObjective 5:Operant Conditioning

B.F. SKINNER

Classical Conditioningbehavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus (you have no control)

Operant conditioningAssociate your own actions with consequences (you have control over behavior)

What determines your behavior?When does this happen?stimulusBEFORE your responseconsequenceAFTER your responseDo you care about future consequences?-reverse#s3,4,5,9,10,11,&12Total all 12 Range from 12-60Higher numbers indicate greater concern for future consequences Optimistic, hopeful, recycle, internal locus of control, concern for health, dont smokeLower numbers tend to be very passionate about things currently going on in life Tend to live in the here-and-nowhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x3S0xS2hdi4Marshmallow Test

How would you classically condition a preschool child who is afraid of dogs to enjoy playing with a neighbors friendly dog? Be sure to identify the US-UR-CS-CR along with your explanation.

Mr. Bryne cant understand why scolding his 7th grade students for disruptive classroom behaviors makes them more unruly. Explain Mr. Brynes predicament in terms of operant conditioning principles. Also, show how he could use operant conditioning to (a) reduce disruptive behaviors and (b) increase cooperative behaviors.

Explain how drug addiction is negative reinforcement.

4. Some people with alcohol dependence report that just the smell of alcohol creates a powerful sense of well-being, increasing their desire to drink the alcohol. Explain this in reaction using a classical conditioning model, and describe one possible way to decrease the reaction. Use the following in your response:US URCSCRExtinction

What are the basic types of reinforcers?ReinforcerAnything that strengthens the behavior it follows Positive reinforcement adds a positive to continue your behaviorNegative reinforcement removes a negativeNot punishmentRemoves a punishing event / gets rid of something annoying

Another term for negative reinforcement: correction, reprimand, punishmentWhen you supply negative reinforcement it usually results in: weakening a behavior / strengthening a behaviorDo people look forward to negative reinforcement: yes / noWhich type of reinforcementA mother gives her son praise for doing homework Taking aspirin to relieve headachePutting mittens on because it is coldThe little boy receives $5.00 for every A he earns on his report card.Giving in to a whining childFanning oneself to escape the heatLeaving a movie theater if the movie is badSmoking in order to relieve anxietyA father gives his daughter candy for cleaning up toys.Feigning stomachache to avoid schoolPutting up umbrellas to escape the rainYou get yelled at for having your music too loud by your mom who usually ignores you so you can continue +++--------+PunishmentStops the behavior

Negative Reinforcement encourages behavior. When something unpleasant stops, the behavior that caused it to stop is reinforced

Skinners ExperimentsPunishmentNegatives of using punishmentPunished behavior is suppressed not forgotten Punishment teaches discriminationdid child learn not to curse or just not to curse in house?Punishment can teach fearPhysical punishment may increase aggressionsuppression of whining kid NEG REINF parentstake away annoying whine by 11

Punishment tells you what not to do; reinforcement tells you what to doSchedules of Reinforcement1. Continuous Reinforcmentreward after every behavior2. Schedules of Reinforcment 4 types of partial schedulesSkinners Experiments

Operant Chamber (Skinner Box)

Skinners ExperimentsReinforcement SchedulesRatio (2)dependent on the behavior itself; a certain number of responses are needed before reinforcement will occurFIXED RATIOreinforce behavior after set # of responsesVARIABLE-RATIO reinforce behavior after unpredictable # of responsesslot machine

Interval (2)involves a TIME element; time must pass before reinforcement will occurFIXED INTERVALreinforce 1st response after set timeproduces stop-start behavior (more as reward draws near)VARIABLE-INTERVAL reinforce 1st response after varying time intervals

Skinners ExperimentsReinforcement Schedules

Skinners ExperimentsReinforcement Schedules

Skinners ExperimentsReinforcement Schedules

slot machineSkinners ExperimentsReinforcement Schedules

Reinforcement Schedules

Interval:subject must be behaving at the right time to get reinforcementReinforcement Schedules:Practice VRFRVIFIVIVRFI8. FR9. VR10. VI11. FR12. FI How would you classically condition a preschool child who is afraid of dogs to enjoy playing with a neighbors friendly dog? Be sure to identify the US-UR-CS-CR along with your explanation.

Mr. Bryne cant understand why scolding his 7th grade students for disruptive classroom behaviors makes them more unruly. Explain Mr. Brynes predicament in terms of operant conditioning principles. Also, show how he could use operant conditioning to (a) reduce disruptive behaviors and (b) increase cooperative behaviors.

Explain how drug addiction is negative reinforcement.

4. Some people with alcohol dependence report that just the smell of alcohol creates a powerful sense of well-being, increasing their desire to drink the alcohol. Explain this in reaction using a classical conditioning model, and describe one possible way to decrease the reaction. Use the following in your response:US URCSCRExtinction

Sensitivity to Punishment & Reward QuestionnaireAre some of us more sensitive to punishment?Are some of us more sensitive to reward?

Sensitivity to PunishmentAssign 1 point for each yes answer for odd #s0-24 range

Sensitivity to RewardAssign 1 point for each yes answer for even #s

High punish. Score vulnerable to anxiety. High reward score = impulsivity.