Operating Systems

Networking for Home and Small Businesses – Chapter 2 – Introduction To Networking

Purpose of an Operating System

•Operating system – allows communication between applications and hardware

•Operating system loaded into RAM at startup– Parts of an OS

• kernel – communicates with hardware• shell – works with the application

Purpose of an Operating System•Types of user interfaces & ways to interact within an OS– CLI (Command Line Interface) Windows

button & type command prompt• user enters commands at the prompt • DOS

Purpose of an Operating System

•Licensing requirements– GUI (Graphical Unit Interface)

• uses pictures • more user-friendly

Purpose of an Operating System•Operating System Requirements &

Resource Specifications To Ensure The OS Works.

How to select an Operating System•Does it support user

requirements(applications)?•How Much $$$ does the OS require?•Can The IT Staff Support the OS?•Does the computers meet hardware

requirements?

– Amount of RAM needed – Hard drive space required– Processor type and speed– Video resolutions

Operating System Poster Design•Design an informative poster over an

assigned operating system. The poster should help the average computer user better understand the OS and how it works with his/her computer system.

Installation of an Operating System•Installation Methods

•Clean install – everything new– new system or no upgrade or damaged OS

•Upgrade– replace old OS with new

•Multiboot –such as 2000 and XP– more than one OS on a PC– set up different partitions

•Virtualization– used for servers– allows multiple copies to be run

Installation of an Operating System• Complete a pre-installation checklist for installing an operating system

▫ 1. Verify that all hardware is certified to work with the selected OS.

▫ 2. Verify that the hardware resources meet or exceed the published minimum requirements.

▫ 3. Confirm that the appropriate installation medium is available. Usually DVD or CD

▫ 4. If the OS is to be installed on a system that already contains data: (a) Use system diagnostic tools and utilities to ensure the current OS installation is in good condition, free of malicious or damaging files and codes; (b) Complete a full backup of all important files.

▫ 5. If performing a clean-install, verify that all application software is available for installation.

Installation of an Operating System6. Determine The Partition Structure-Where

do I want to store my OS and Data-Partitions are necessary in Multi-boot systems-Hard Drives can be divided into OS and Data partitions

7. Determine file system– method OS uses to keep track of files– FAT 16/32, NTFS(used for most

businesses)• Now begin the OS Install

Installation of an Operating System• After the OS is installed

• Prepare your computer to participate in the network

• Must have a NIC• Must have the following to send and receive in a

network– IP (Internet Protocol)

• identifies the computer on the network– Subnet Mask

• identifies network on which the computer is connected– Default gateway

• identifies the device that allows local network computers to communicate with devices on other networks

Installation of an Operating System•Types of network configurations•Manual

– entered into the computer by the administrator(one PC at a time)

– static addressing•Dynamic

– requests configuration information from a DHCP server

Installation of an Operating System•Naming scheme

The computer name must be unique for all

computers on the same network.

Make names mean something.

MCHS-RM-6-01

School, Room, Comp #

Installation of an Operating System•Multiple devices on a network.

In a network environment 2 items must be unique for everything to work together.

1) Computer Name

2) IP Address

Operating System Maintenance•Describe the purpose of a patch

– a piece of code that can correct a problem or enhance the functionality **Try a patch before a re-install**

•Identify when a patch should be applied– Automatic Installation

• updates scheduled to occur during times when PC is not in use(you pick the time)

– Prompt for Permission• notifies end user when patch is available• user decides whether or not to download it

– Manual• primarily used for service packs

Operating System Maintenance•Identify sources of Applications patches.

If an application is not acting correcting look for specific patches for that application first, then look at the OS or Computer.