Operation Manual Reusable GENO-therm Cartridge 290, 570 ... · Operation Manual Reusable GENO-therm ... The H+ and OH- ions generated in the exchange process bond as H 2-O, i. e

Operation ManualReusable GENO-therm® Cartridge

290, 570, 825, 1160, 1615

Edition December 2015 Order no. 045 707 959-inter

Reusable GENO-therm® Cartridge 290, 570, 825, 1160, 1615

Order no. 045 702 959-inter Edited by: KONS-fger-mrie G:\BA-707959-INTER_GENO-THERM MEHRWEGPATRONE.DOCX

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Table of contents

A General ......................................................................... 4 1 | Preface

2 | How to use this operation manual 3 | General safety information 4 | Shipping and storage 5 | Disposal of used parts and materials

B Basic information ......................................................... 7 1 | Laws, guidelines, standards

2 | Water 3 | Functional principle of full demineralisation

C Product description ..................................................... 9 1 | Type designation plate

2 | Components of the reusable GENO-therm® cartridge 3 | Functional description 4 | Technical specifications 5 | Designated application 6 | Application limits 7 | Scope of supply

D Installation ................................................................... 17 1 | General installation instructions

2 | Preliminary works

E Start-up ........................................................................ 19 1 | Start-up with filling fitting

2 | Start-up without filling fitting

F Troubleshooting .......................................................... 23

G Maintenance and care ................................................. 24 1 | Basic information

2 | Inspection (functional check) 3 | Maintenance 4 | Decommissioning

Reusable GENO-therm® Cartridge290, 570, 825, 1160, 1615


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Publisher’s information All rights reserved. Copyright by Grünbeck Wasseraufbereitung GmbH

Printed in Germany Effective with the date shown on the cover sheet. – We reserve the right to modification, especially with regard to technical progress -

Reprints, translations into foreign languages, electronic storage or copying only with written approval of Grünbeck Wasseraufbereitung GmbH.

Any type of duplication not authorised by Grünbeck Wasseraufbereitung is a copyright violation and subject to legal action.

Responsible for contents: Grünbeck Wasseraufbereitung GmbH Josef-Grünbeck-Str. 1 89420 Hoechstaedt/Germany Phone +49 9074 41-0 Fax +49 9074 41-100 internet: www.gruenbeck.de Email: [email protected],

Printed by: Grünbeck Wasseraufbereitung GmbH Josef-Grünbeck-Str. 1, 89420 Hoechstaedt/Germany



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A General

1 | Preface

Thank you for choosing a Grünbeck product. Backed by decades of experience in the area of water treatment, we provide solutions for all kind of processes.

Drinking water is classified as food and requires particular care. Therefore, always ensure the required hygiene in operating and maintaining systems for drinking water treatment. This also applies to the treatment of water for industrial or domestic use if repercussions for the drinking water cannot completely be excluded.

All Grünbeck systems and devices are made of high-quality materials. This ensures reliable operation over many years, provided you treat the systems with the required care. The operation manual assists you with important information. Please read the operation manually carefully before installing, operating or maintaining the system.

Customer satisfaction is our prime objective and providing customers with qualified advice is crucial. If you have any questions concerning this system, possible extensions or general water and waste water treatment, our customer service staff as well as the experts at our headquarters in Hoechstaedt, are available to help you.

Advice and assistance For advice and assistance please contact your local representative (www.gruenbeck.de) or get in touch with our service hotline at

+49 9074 41-333.

We can connect you with the appropriate expert more quickly if you provide the required system data. In order to keep this data handy at all times, please copy it from the type designation plate into the overview in chapter C, item 1.

2 | How to use this operation manual This operation manual is intended for the operators of our systems. It is

divided into several chapters (a letter is assigned to each of them) which are listed in the Table of contents on page 2 in alphabetical order. In order to find the specific information you are looking for, check for the corresponding chapter on page 2.

The headers and page numbers with chapter information make it easier to find your way around in the manual.



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3 | General safety information 3.1 Symbols and

notes Important notes in this operation manual are characterised by symbols. Please pay particular attention to these notes in order to ensure a danger-free, safe and productive system operation.

Danger! Failure to adhere to these notes will cause serious or life-threatening injury, extreme damage to property or inadmissible contamination of drinking water.

Warning! Failure to adhere to these notes may cause injury, damage to property or contamination of the drinking water.

Attention! Failure to adhere to these notes may result in damage to the system or other objects.

Note: This symbol characterises notes and tips to make your work easier.

Tasks with this symbol may only be performed by Grünbeck's technical service or by persons expressly authorised by Grünbeck.

Tasks with this symbol may only be performed by qualified electrical experts according to the VDE guidelines or according to the guidelines of a similar local institution.

Tasks with this symbol may only be performed by water companies or approved installation companies. In Germany, the installation company must be registered in a water company installation directory as per §12(2) AVBWasserV (German Ordinance on General Conditions for the Supply of Water).

3.2 Operating personnel

Only people who have read and understood this operation manual are permitted to work with the system. The safety instructions are to be strictly adhered to.

3.3 Designated application

The system may only be used for the purpose outlined in the product description (chapter C). The guidelines in this operation manual as well as the applicable local guidelines regarding the protection of drinking water, accident prevention and occupational safety must be adhered to.

In addition, appropriate application also implies that the system may only be operated when it is in proper working order. Any malfunctions must be repaired at once.



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3.4 Protection from water damage

Warning! In order to properly protect the installation site from water damage:

a) a sufficiently dimensioned floor drain system must be available or

b) a water stop device (see chapter C Optional accessories) must be installed.

Warning! Floor drains that are discharged to a lifting systems do not work in case of power failures.

3.5 Indication of specific dangers

Danger due to mechanical energy! System parts may be subject to overpressure. Danger of injury and damage to property due to escaping water and unexpected movement of system parts. Check pressure pipes regularly. Depressurise the system before starting repair or maintenance work on the system.

Hazardous to health due to contaminated drinking water! The system may only be installed by a qualified company. The operation manual must be strictly adhered to! Ensure that there is sufficient flow. The pertinent guidelines must be followed for starting-up after long periods of standstill. Inspections and maintenance must be performed at the intervals specified!

Note: By concluding a maintenance contract, you ensure that all of the required tasks are performed on time. You may perform the interim inspections yourself.

4 | Shipping and storage

Attention! The system may be damaged by frost or high temperatures. In order to avoid damage of this kind:

Protect from frost during transportation and storage! Do not install or store system next to objects which radiate a lot of heat.

5 | Disposal of used parts and materials Used parts and materials are to be disposed of, or made available for recycling purposes, according to the applicable local guidelines.

If a material is subject to specific regulations, adhere to the notes indicated on the packing.

If in doubt, contact your local waste disposal authority or the manufacturer for more information.



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B Basic information

1 | Laws, guidelines, standards

In the interest of good health, rules cannot be ignored when it comes to the processing of drinking water. This operation manual takes the applicable German guidelines into account and provides all the information you need to safely operate your water treatment system.

Among others, the regulations stipulate that only approved specialist companies are permitted to make major

modifications to water supply systems

and that tests, inspections and maintenance on installed devices are to be performed at regular intervals.

2 | Water Due to dynamic substance and water cycles, harmful elements, which are

only partly and only slowly biodegradable are increasingly released into nature. Over time, these elements therefore accumulate in ground and surface water. Removing them again from natural water bodies represents a particular challenge. Grünbeck rises to this challenge and aims at generating unpolluted drinking and process water. The waterworks provide us with pure drinking water which is suitable for human consumption. However, if the water is to be used for technical purposes, further treatment is frequently required. For many industrial applications, low quantities of fully demineralised water (demi water) are required which most economically can be generated by means of mixed-bed cartridges.



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3 | Functional principle of full demineralisation Mixed-bed resins for the one part consist of a highly acid cation exchange

resin and for the other of a highly alkaline anion exchange resin. In the mixed-bed cartridges, these two components are present in completely mixed form. This resin mix has the big advantage that it provides a limited amount of extremely soft, respectively pure, water (conductivity < 10 μS/cm) at low cost. By means of the cation exchange resin, all ions with a positive charge (cations) are removed from the inlet water. All cations (calcium, magnesium, sodium) contained in the water are exchanged for H+ ions.

In the full demineralisation process, the anion exchange resin is used to filter ions with a negative charge (anions) from the water. All anions (nitrate, phosphate, sulphate, chloride, hydrogen carbonate) contained in the inlet water are exchanged for OH- ions. Furthermore, the highly alkaline anion exchange resin also filters silicic acid and carbon dioxide from the water. Thanks to the full demineralisation principle, nearly all undesired substances are thus removed from the inlet water. The H+ and OH- ions generated in the exchange process bond as H2-O, i. e. the full demineralisation process generates pure water.



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C Product description

1 | Type designation plate If you specify the data shown on the type designation plate (fig. C-2, item

2) of your reusable cartridge, we will be able to proceed your inquiries or orders more quickly. Simply copy the information from the type designation plate to the form below, so that all the required information is available when needed.

Reusable GENO-therm® cartridge

Serial number: / Order number:

Fig. C-1: Type designation plate of the reusable GENO-therm® cartridge



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2 | Components of the reusable GENO-therm® cartridge

Exchanger bottle Pure water outlet (G ¾)

Type designation plate Bleeding

Water inlet (G ¾)

Fig. C-2: Components of the reusable GENO-therm® cartridge

1 4

2 5

3



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3 | Functional description 3.1 Raw water

demineralisation

Reusable cartridges are mainly used for the full demineralisation of city water (raw water). Downstream of the optional fine filter (80 μm) and the system separator, the raw water is directed to the inlet of the reusable cartridge.

Via an internal distribution system, the water steadily flows through the mixed-bed resin from top to bottom. By means of a central collection device at the tank bottom, the fully demineralised water (demi water) flows to the tank outlet via a centred riser pipe. A built-in flow stabiliser and a non-return valve ensure that the reusable cartridge is always operated in the right direction (from top to bottom) and with the proper continuous flow.

2.2 Secondary

permeate treatment

The residual demineralisation of permeate which is produced by reverse osmosis systems (RO systems) represents an additional application. In this case, the reusable cartridges are installed downstream of the RO systems. Due to the residual demineralisation now taking place, the permeate conductivity may be further reduced.

Via an internal distribution system, the water steadily flows through the mixed-bed resin from top to bottom. By means of a central collection device at the tank bottom, the fully demineralised water (demi water) flows to the tank outlet via a centred riser pipe. A built-in flow stabiliser and a non-return valve ensure that the reusable cartridge is always operated in the right direction (from top to bottom) and at the proper continuous flow.



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4 | Technical specifications/dimensions Reusable GENO-therm® cartridge 290 570 825 1160 1615

Connection data

Nominal connection diameter R 3/4" [male thread] Performance data

Nominal flow [m³/h] 0.2 0.5 0.9 1.2 1.6 Pressure loss at nominal flow [bar] 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.5 2.4 Nominal pressure PN 10 Static test pressure [bar] 13 Dimensions and weights

Tank diameter [mm] 240 Tank height [mm] 350 530 720 930 1190 Operating weight (with water) [kg] 15 25 34 45 58 Weight at delivery [kg] 11 19 26 34 44 Filling volume

Capacity < 10 μS/cm (< 50 μS/cm) [μS/cm x m³] 245 (290) 490 (570) 700 (825) 940 (1160) 1250 (1615)

Ambient data

Max. water temperature [°C] 60 Max. ambient temperature [°C] 40 Order no. 707 050 707 060 707 070 707 080 707 090

Calculation example: Conductivity of raw water:

500 μS/cm

Cartridge used: Reusable GENO-therm® cartridge 825

700/500 = 1.4 m³ (corresponds to 1.400 Liter at 10 μS/cm)

825/500 = 1.65 m³ (corresponds to 1.650 Liter at 50 μS/cm)

Note: The capacity at 50 μS/cm corresponds to the designation on the respective reusable GENO-therm® cartridge



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5 | Designated application The reusable cartridges are designed for the full demineralisation of water.

The system may only be operated after proper installation of all components. Under no circumstances safety devices may be removed, bridged or otherwise rendered useless.

The designated application also requires that the instructions given in this operation manual and the local safety regulations will be respected and the maintenance and inspection intervals be observed.

6 | Application limits The reusable cartridges are designed for the full demineralisation of cold

drinking water according to the German Drinking Water Ordinance (TrinkwV) respectively the secondary treatment of permeate which is generated by a reverse osmosis system installed upstream.

Note: The pure water generated by the mixed-bed cartridges is not potable.

Warning! Nitric acid and other strong oxidants may cause explosive reactions when mixed with ion exchange resins.

7 | Scope of supply 7.1 Standard

equipment

Reusable GENO-therm® cartridges, completely mounted and ready for connection

Operation manual.

7.2 Optional accessories

Note: It is possible to retrofit existing, reusable cartridges with optional components. For more detailed information, please contact your local Grünbeck representative or Grünbeck’s headquarters.

GENO-therm® hose setconsisting of: two drinking water hoses (DVGW and KTW-A tested),1.5 m in length. The raw and pure water hose each feature two 3/4" union nuts (nickel-plated brass).

707 850



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Solenoid valveThe solenoid valve can be connected directly to the reusable cartridge and by means of the hoses it can be connected to the pure water pipe. The solenoid valve is intended as an accessory for the GENO®-Multi-LF which switches the solenoid valve.

707 055

GENO®-Multi-LF conductivity meterThe GENO®-Multi-LF (IP 54) conductivity meter with receiving adapter (incl. conductivity measuring cell and media-contacted temperature sensor) is delivered with a separate power unit (230 V / 50 Hz) and has a measuring range of 0.0 to 99.9 μS/cm. The GENO®-Multi-LF features an automatic temperature compensation, a voltage free signal contact in case the limit value is exceeded and a connection for the solenoid valve. The desired limit values may be programmed freely via a digital display. The GENO®-Multi-LF conductivity meter has an internal memory for the max. and min. values of the last 7 days of operation.

702 842

GENO-therm® LF conductivity measuring cell with adapter Upon activation of the measuring cell by keystroke, the GENO-therm® LF conductivity measuring cell with adapter continuously measures the conductivity for one hour and indicates by means of a green, a yellow and a red LED whether the unit for full demineralisation needs to be exchanged.

Green LED is flashing: conductivity < 10μS/cm

Yellow LED is flashing: conductivity from 10μS/cm to 510μS/cm

Red LED is flashing: conductivity > 50μS/cm

707 195

Water meter with connection equipmentThe water meter with connection equipment can be integrated into the raw water pipe at a 3/4" male thread by means of twin screw connection supplied with the system.

702 845



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GENO-therm® filling fitting Basic

Komfort

Premium

707 120

707 130

707 140

GENO-therm® case Basicconsisting of: Green Sortimo case.

GENO-therm® hose set.

Water meter with connection accessories.

GENO-therm® LF conductivity measuring cell with adapter.

707 160

GENO-therm® case Premiumconsisting of: Green Sortimo case.

GENO-therm® hose set.

Water meter with connection accessories.

Conductivity meter GENO®-Multi-LF with adapter (incl. LF conductivity measuring cell and media-contacting temperature sensor).

Solenoid valve

707 170

Drinking water filter BOXER® KD80 μm cartridge filter for prefiltration

101 255

Euro system separator GENO®-DK 2 Mini For the protection of the water network from systems and devices that might endanger the drinking water according to DIN EN 1717 (former DIN 1988, part 4).

133 100



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GENO®-STOP 1“ 126 875GENO®-STOP for optimum protection from water damage.

The new safety device GENO-STOP® provides reliable and comprehensive protection from water damage. The GENO-STOP® can be equipped with up to 2 wired water sensors and 5 wireless water sensors.

For additional models, please inquire.

Hose adapter G ¾ - Quick-couplingTransition piece to the hydraulic connection of the mixed-bed cartridge with older hoses with white quick coupling systems. Please order two pieces for each mixed-bed cartridge

707 059

7.3 Consumables Regeneration overview:

Reusable GENO-therm® cartridge 290 707 050a





7.4 Spare parts For spare parts and consumables, please contact your local representative

(refer to www.gruenbeck.de).

7.5 Wearing parts

The seals used are subject to a certain wear and tear and should be replaced at regular intervals by Grünbeck’s technical customer service/authorised service company.

Note: Although these components are considered to be wearing parts, we grant a limited warranty period of 6 months. The same applies for electrical components.



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D Installation

1 | General installation information The installation site must offer adequate space. A foundation of a sufficient

size and load carrying capacity must be provided. The required connections must be provided before the system is installed. Please refer to table C-1 for dimensions and connection data.

Fig. D-1: Installation example for a reusable GENO-therm® cartridge

Drinking water filter (e. g. BOXER® KD) GENO-therm® filling fitting

Water withdrawal point GENO-therm® hose set

Note: Regarding the installation of systems with optional accessories (see chapter C, 7.2), also observe the operation manuals supplied with these components.

1 3

2 4



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1.1 Water installation When installing the reusable cartridge, certain rules must be strictly adhered to. Additional recommendations facilitate the work with the system. The installation instructions described herein are illustrated in fig. D-1.

Observe the local installation directives and general guidelines.

Install a drinking water filter upstream of the system (e.g. BOXER® KD) (option).

Install a system separator upstream of the system (option).

Warning! The installation room must feature a floor drain. If no floor drain is available, a corresponding water stop device must be installed. (refer to Optional accessories (see chapter C, 7.2)).

Warning! Floor drains that are discharged to a lifting systems do not work in case of power failures.

2 | Preliminary works 1. Unpack the reusable cartridge.

2. Check for completeness and soundness.

3. Place the reusable cartridge at the designated location.

Attention: When choosing the installation site, make sure to select a safe place as, in particular in case of the reusable cartridge 1615, a certain tip-over hazard cannot be avoided due to the considerable height of the tank. In case of an uneven floor, a stability of 100 % can therefore not always be achieved. If the reusable cartridge 1615 is installed directly adjacent to a walkway, an additional fixation must be provided by others on site (e. g. secure the stainless steel tank against tip-over by means of an additional chain, rope or similar).

4. Remove the yellow screw cap at the tank cover.

Note: Please do not discharge the tank cover’s yellow plastic screw caps but use them in case of possible periods of standstill or for transportation.



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E Start-up

1 | Start-up with filling fitting

Connect the raw water hose to the tank inlet (item 3).

Connect the pure water hose to the tank outlet (item 4) and connect both hoses with the filling fitting.

Fig. E-1: Hydraulic connection



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Open both bleeding devices at the tank cover (turn both, white milled screws about one turn to the left).

Open the inlet pipe for the raw water hose.

Leave the bleeding devices open until the reusable cartridge is completely filled with water, i. e. a steady water jet emerges from the bleeding device.

Close the bleeding devices at the tank cover (turn both, white milled screws one turn to the right.).

Open the bleeding device at the GENO-therm® filling fitting and bleed the entire installation (a steady water jet emerges from the bleeding device).

Close the bleeding device again.

Open the shut-off device downstream of the reusable cartridge.

Run the reusable cartridge in the standard operation mode for a short time and check for clearly audible burbling noises. Should burbling noises occur, there is still air in the reusable cartridge and it needs to be bled again.



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2 | Start-up without filling fitting

Connect the raw water hose to the tank inlet (item 3).

Connect the pure water hose to the tank outlet (item 4) and ensure a free pure water outlet, i. e. the ¾” union nut of the pure water hose must not yet be connected to the consumer.

Open both bleeding devices at the tank cover (turn both, white milled screws about one turn to the left).

Open the inlet pipe for the raw water hose.

Leave the bleeding devices open until the reusable cartridge is completely filled with water, i. e. a steady water jet emerges from the bleeding device.

Close the bleeding deivces at the tank cover (turn both, white milled screws one turn to the right).

Run the reusable cartridge in the standard operation mode for a short time and check for clearly audible burbling noises. Should burbling noises occur, there is still air in the reusable cartridge and it needs to be bled once again.

After the successful bleeding, the conductivity of the pure water should be checked by means of the optional conductivity meter GENO®-Multi LF respectively another conductivity meter (reference measuring device) and it must be determined whether the desired max. conductivity limit value is undershot considerably. If so, the start-up may be completed and the ¾” union nut of the pure water line may be connected to the consumer.

Open the shut-off devices upstream and downstream of the reusable cartridge.



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Note: If the maximum conductivity limit value (in general 50 μS/cm) is not undershot considerably immediately, it might be necessary to operate the reusable cartridge without consumer for a few minutes while checking the current residual conductivity several times. A decreasing tendency in the residual conductivity must be detectable. If this is not the case, please notify Grünbeck or Grünbeck’s technical customer service/authorised service company.



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F Troubleshooting

Even carefully designed and manufactured technical systems that are operated properly may experience malfunctions. Table F-1 provides an overview of possible problems that may occur during the operation of the systems and indicates the causes and their elimination.

Note: Grünbeck’s technical service/authorised service company definitely must be notified in case of malfunctions that cannot be remedied with the information given in table F-1! When contacting the technical service, please provide the system designation and serial number.

Table F-1: Troubleshooting

This is what you see This is the cause This is what to do

No flow Inlet water hose mixed up with pure water hose (internal non-return valve shuts off)

Switch inlet and pure water hose at tank cover

Very low flow Bent hose Place the hose correctly Clogged hose Separate hoses from the system and

rinse thoroughly High iron concentration in inlet water Notify Grünbeck’s technical

service/authorised service Flow too high Internal flow stabiliser defective Notify Grünbeck’s technical

service/authorised service Exchanger capacity low Water softener installed upstream Connect the reusable cartridge directly

to the raw water network Phosphate system installed upstream Connect the reusable cartridge directly

to the raw water network Sealing grease / soldering flux Install activated carbon upstream, if

necessary Change in the inlet water quality Replace the current cartridge by a more

powerful one. Contaminated inlet water Install a prefilter and wait until the pipes

have been rinsed Burst pipe / pipe repair Do not operate the system and

thoroughly rinse the pipes Warm / hot water System may only be connected to cold

water pipe Insufficient bleeding of the cartridge Repeat the bleeding process Cartridge mixed up Immediately send in the reusable

cartridge for regeneration Abrupt increase of the conductivity value after a longer period of standstill

Re-ionisation Discharge the water without using it until the conductivity value decreases

Limit value for conductivity exceeded

Exhausted mixed-bed resin Have a regeneration performed on the reusable cartridge



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G Maintenance and care

1 | Basic information In order to guarantee the reliable function of the systems over a long

period of time, some maintenance work has to be performed at regular intervals. You must comply with all regulations and guidelines which apply at the installation site. DIN EN 806-5 stipulates:

An inspection must be performed at least every two months.

Maintenance must be carried out twice a year.

Maintenance must be performed by Grünbeck’s technical service/ authorised service company or by a specialised company. The regeneration of the mixed-bed resin depends on its load.

2 | Inspection (functional check) You may perform the regular inspections yourself.

Please refer to the following summary for the tasks to be performed within the framework of an inspection.

Summary: Inspection work Perform a manual backwash of the filter (if available).

Check all components installed for tightness.

Check the residual conductivity in the pure water by means of a conductivity meter and notify Grünbeck’s technical service/ authorised service shortly before the max. admissible limit value for the conductivity is exceeded, so that they can perform the required regeneration.

Note: Minor deviations are normal and cannot be prevented technically. If you detect major deviations, please contact Grünbeck’s technical service/authorised service company.



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3 | Maintenance

According to DIN EN 806-5 maintenance work at the systems may only be performed by Grünbeck’s technical service/authorised service company or by an approved specialist.

Summary: Maintenance work Check the system’s state and check the entire system for tightness.

Check the achievable conductivity, in case the limit value is exceeded, regeneration is required (refer to decommissioning, chapter G-4).

4 | Decommissioning

If the maximum conductivity limit value is exceeded, the reusable cartridge needs to be regenerated and the decommissioning can be done according to the steps described below.

Summary: Steps to take for decommissioning

Close the shut-off devices upstream and downstream of the reusable cartridge.

Open the bleeding devices (by turning them approx. one turn to the left).

Wait for a few minutes until the tank’s interior pressure has completely been relieved via the bleeding device



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Attention! If the interior pressure has not been relieved completely, the connection hoses can hardly be opened. Furthermore, the operator as well as easily damaged electronic components are at risk due to splashing water.

Unscrew the connection hoses from the reusable cartridge.

Close the bleeding devices (by turning them about one turn to the right).

Screw the yellow plastic screw caps onto the tank inlet resp. outlet, pack the reusable cartridge into a cardboard box and prepare it for shipment.

Note: Please ship the exhausted water filled reusable cartridge standing up as it does not feature a leakage protection.

Alternatively, the reusable cartridges may be put on the floor, e. g. near the floor drain, and slightly lifted at the tank bottom, so that they can drain almost completely (to do so, open both bleeding devices).

Note: In order to reduce the risk of transport damage, we recommend using the two yellow plastic screw caps as well as the genuine packaging cardboard box.

Documents

Operation Manual Reusable GENO-therm Cartridge 290, 570 ... · Operation Manual Reusable GENO-therm ... The H+ and OH- ions generated in the exchange process bond as H 2-O, i. e