Operational Research to Support Mainstreaming of ...nwm.gov.in/sites/default/files/std_Phase2/Vol 4 Data Compendium Report... · Cross section survey in Brahmani-Baitarani basin

Government of India

Ministry of Water Resources,River Development and GangaRejuvenation

National Water Mission

Central Water Commission

DFID

AsianDevelopment

Bank

Policy and Advisory Technical Assistance 8089 IND Phase II

Operational Research to Support Mainstreaming ofIntegrated Flood Management under Climate Change

Volume 4Data Compendium Report

Final

December 2015

Deltares in association with RMSI and JPS

Operational Research to Suppo rt Mainst reaming Integ rated Flood Management in India und er Cli mate ChangeVol. 4 Data Compendium Report – Final December 2015

ii

Cover Photo:

Cross section survey in Brahmani-Baitarani basin

Operational Research to Support Mainstreaming Integrated Flood Management in India under Climate ChangeVol. 4 Data Compendium Report – Final December 2015

iii

ContentsAbbreviations .................................................................................................................................. vii

Chapter 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Background ............................................................................................................................. 1

1.2 Scope of this Report ................................................................................................................ 1

1.3 Organization of the Report ...................................................................................................... 2

Chapter 2 Data Sources and Data Gaps .............................................................................................. 3

2.1 Brahmani-Baitarani Basin, Odisha ............................................................................................ 3

2.1.1 Hazard Data...................................................................................................................... 3

2.1.2 Exposure Data .................................................................................................................. 9

2.1.3 Community Data ............................................................................................................ 12

2.2 Burhi Gandak (BG) River Basin ............................................................................................... 12

2.2.1 Hazard Data.................................................................................................................... 12

2.2.2 Exposure Data ................................................................................................................ 15

2.2.3 Community Data ............................................................................................................ 17

Chapter 3 Data Processing ............................................................................................................... 19

3.1 Hazard Data ........................................................................................................................... 19

3.1.1 Digital Elevation Model (DEM) ........................................................................................ 19

3.1.2 Embankments ................................................................................................................ 24

3.1.3 River Cross Section Survey .............................................................................................. 25

3.1.4 Hydrological and Hydro-meteorological Data.................................................................. 26

3.1.4.1 Rainfall Data ..................................................................................................... 26

3.1.4.2 Discharge Data .................................................................................................. 26

3.1.5 Others ............................................................................................................................ 27

3.1.5.1 Tidal Data ......................................................................................................... 27

3.2 Exposure Data ....................................................................................................................... 29

3.2.1 Population and Households ............................................................................................ 29

3.2.2 Housing Conditions......................................................................................................... 30

3.2.3 Education and Health ..................................................................................................... 31

3.2.4 Agriculture ..................................................................................................................... 33


iv

3.3 Quality Checks and Quality Assurance ................................................................................... 35

Chapter 4 Integration of Data in Integrated Flood Management Information System (IFMIS)........... 36

4.1 Background ........................................................................................................................... 36

4.2 Review of Existing Systems .................................................................................................... 36

4.2.1 India-WRIS...................................................................................................................... 36

4.2.2 Flood Management Information System (FMIS) Bihar ..................................................... 38

4.2.3 Department of Water Resources (DOWR) Odisha ........................................................... 39

4.3 Software Details of Present IFMIS .......................................................................................... 40

4.3.1 System Requirements ..................................................................................................... 40

4.3.2 Key Feature layers .......................................................................................................... 40

4.4 Functions and Use of the System ........................................................................................... 42

4.5 Way Forward ......................................................................................................................... 42

4.6 Accessing the Collected Data ................................................................................................. 42

Chapter 5 Data Limitations .............................................................................................................. 44

References ................................................................................................................................. 45

Annex 1: Detailed hazard data inventory sheets ............................................................................. A-1


v

List of TablesTable 2-1: Inventory of hazard data for Brahmani-Baitarani (BB) river basin ...................................... 4Table 2-2: Inventory of exposure data for Brahmani-Baitarani (BB) river basin .................................. 9Table 2-3: Inventory of hazard data for Burhi Gandak (BG) river basin ............................................. 12Table 2-4: Inventory of exposure data for Burhi Gandak (BG) river basin ......................................... 15Table 3-1: Consistency of 1-Day Annual Maximum Rainfall .............................................................. 26Table 3-2: Selection of tidal data for Paradeep Port in the BB basin ................................................. 27Table 3-3: Main building categories derived from Census 2011 building structural details ............... 30Table 5-1: Detailed hazard data inventory sheet for the BB basin, Odisha .......................................... 1Table 5-2: Detailed hazard data inventory sheet for the BG basin, Bihar .......................................... 13


vi

List of FiguresFigure 3-1: Distribution of spot heights captured from toposheets for the BG (left) and BB (right)basins .............................................................................................................................................. 20Figure 3-2: Comparison of 90m SRTM DEM and toposheet spot heights (above) and error distribution(below). ........................................................................................................................................... 21Figure 3-3: Diagram showing the correlation between CS level and SRTM 30m DEM at a point in BBbasin ............................................................................................................................................... 22Figure 3-4: Processed (bias-corrected) SRTM 30m DEM of BB basin ................................................. 23Figure 3-5: Processed STRM 30m DEM of BG basin .......................................................................... 23Figure 3-6: Location of embankments in the BG basin ..................................................................... 24Figure 3-7: Surveyed river cross-section of BG basin ........................................................................ 25Figure 3-8: Distribution of population across the BG basin at taluka level ........................................ 29Figure 3-9: Pre-dominant house types in BG basin at taluka level .................................................... 31Figure 3-10: Distribution of educational facilities (left) and health facilities (right) in BB basin lowercatchment area at taluka level ......................................................................................................... 32Figure 3-11: Distribution of crop acreage at taluka level for BG basin .............................................. 34Figure 4-1: Snapshot showing home page of India-WRIS .................................................................. 37Figure 4-2: Snapshot showing geo-visualization wizard of India-WRIS .............................................. 38Figure 4-3: Snapshot showing home page of FMIS, Bihar ................................................................. 39Figure 4-4: River systems in Odisha as shown in DOWR Odisha ........................................................ 40Figure 4-5: Overview of the GIS data layers used in IFMIS for BB basin ............................................ 41Figure 4-6: Overview of the GIS data layers used in IFMIS for BG basin ............................................ 42

Disclaimer

"The views expressed in this report are those of authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of DFID northe ADB, its Board of Governors or the governments it represent, and DFID, ADB and the Government cannot be held liablefor its contents. DFID and the ADB do not guarantee the source, originality, accuracy, completeness or reliability of anystatements, information, data, advice, opinion, or view presented in this publication and accept no responsibility for anyconsequences of their use. By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in thisdocument, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of anyterritory or area."


vii

AbbreviationsADB Asian Development BankBB Brahmani-Baitarani river basin in OdishaBG Burhi Gandak river basin in BiharCE Chief EngineerCS Cross SectionCSV Comma Separated ValuesCWC Central Water CommissionDEM Digital Elevation ModelDFID Department for International DevelopmentDGPS Differential Global Positioning SystemDOWR Department of Water ResourcesFGD Focal Group DiscussionFM Flood ManagementFMIS Flood Management Information SystemGDP Gross Domestic ProductGIS Geographic Information SystemIFMIS Integrated Flood Management Information SystemIFM Integrated Flood ManagementIFRM Integrated Flood Risk ManagementIMD India Meteorological DepartmentISRO Indian Space Research OrganizationLiDAR Light Detection and RangingLISS Linear Imaging and Self Scanning SensorLULC Land use / Land coverMoWR,RD&GR Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga RejuvenationNDMA National Disaster Management AuthorityNRSC National Remote Sensing CentreOR Operational ResearchORSAC Odisha Remote Sensing Application CentrePATA Policy Advisory Technical AssistanceQA Quality AssuranceQC Quality ControlRBO River Basin OrganisationSDMA State Disaster Management AuthoritySDRF State Disaster Response ForceSoI Survey of IndiaSRTM Shuttle Radar Topography MissionTA Technical AssistanceWRD Water Resources DepartmentWRIS Water Resources Information System


1

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 BackgroundThe PATA Operational Research for Mainstreaming Integrated Flood Management under ClimateChange was included in ADB’s country operations business plan, 2012-2014 under the 2012 pipelinein December 2011. The ADB fact-finding mission was conducted on 15 February 2012 and 9 March2012 to consult the Government of India on the preliminary design of the TA, including expectedimpact, outcome, and outputs: the financing modality; cost estimates, and implementationschedules and arrangements. Thus the present PATA-8089 IND has emerged. PATA is co-financed byUK aid, whereas the executing agency is the Ministry of Water Resources.

PATA is implemented in two phases. It started with Phase I from March to August/October 2013which comprised Scoping and Planning studies. The present Phase II addresses and elaborates theOperational Research to support the mainstreaming of Integrated Flood Management (IFM) in a waythat takes into account projected future conditions and climate change uncertainties. This phase isscheduled for 18 months with effect from 19th February 2014 till 31 July 2015.

The Overall Objectives of the study are:

· To demonstrate that flood risks can be reduced through a broad mix of flood managementmeasures, typical for the Indian context, with specific considerations for Climate Change;

· To demonstrate to central and state governments the benefits of such an integrated floodmanagement and planning process;

· To provide guidance on such planning process, and

· To translate results into updated CWC guidelines and regulations relevant for future DPRapproval.

The overall objectives encompass the combination of structural and non-structural measures as wellas increasing the resilience of the communities in flood prone areas of the two selected basins (BurhiGandak and Brahmani-Baitarani), such that the selection of such measures can be replicated oradapted in other basins/sub-basins. The selection process should enable the evaluation ofinvestment programs based on scientific reasoning and economic efficiency.

1.2 Scope of this ReportThis data compendium report is an accompanying document to the present ‘Integrated FloodManagement under Climate Change’ study. The primary aim of this report is to provide informationon data collected and used in this study. Hence, this report provides quick reference to relevant dataitems on topics within the study, and provides a data repository to facilitate further analysis.

Furthermore, the data that have been collected from various stakeholder organizations or capturedthrough field surveys are being handed over to CWC and ADB in a CD-ROM disk along withIntegrated Flood Management Information System (IFMIS). The metadata about these data setshave been provided in the Annex 1 of this report for ready reference.


2

1.3 Organization of the ReportThe chapter-wise synopsis of the data compendium report is presented below:

· Chapter 1: This chapter provides an overview of the project and its scope (this chapter)· Chapter 2: This chapter describes the key data sources, identified data gaps, and alternate

data sources used in the study· Chapter 3: This chapter highlights the data processing steps carried out for flood hazard

model and exposure data sets· Chapter 4: This chapter details the Integrated Flood Management Information System

(IFMIS)· Chapter 5: This chapter presents the key data limitations· Annex 1: Contains the detailed metadata file generated as part of this study


3

Chapter 2 Data Sources and Data Gaps

The resolution of any flood risk assessment study largely depends on the availability and scale ofdata related to hazard, exposure, and information on vulnerability of the exposure elementsconsidered, preferably in geospatial format. In this study, the team has collected and collated theexisting GIS/ tabular data and maps available from various stakeholder agencies such as stategovernment departments (Water Resource Department, Department of Education, Department ofHealth etc.), central government departments (Central Water Commission, National Remote SensingCentre, Survey of India etc.), public sector corporations, Deltares-RMSI in-house data, and data frompublished reports and journals.

The below sections present comprehensive data inventories for both Brahmani-Baitarani (BB) andBurhi Gandak (BG) river basins. In addition to this, more detailed data inventories for hazard datasets have been presented in Annex 1.

2.1 Brahmani-Baitarani Basin, OdishaThe team has collected the required information for hazard, exposure and community data andprepared a detailed data inventory sheet. This inventory includes required metadata informationsuch as vintage, source, resolution, and other feature attributes etc.

In the next step, the available data has been reviewed and assessed by the experts for their use inthis study. While the data without any gaps are considered for further processing, the data withcritical information gaps has been highlighted and subsequently filled with data from alternatesources using appropriate sources/ methods. The sub-sections below present the data sources andassociated data gaps observed in Brahmani-Baitarani river basin in Odisha.

2.1.1 Hazard DataThe key data types considered for flood modeling include digital elevation model, tidal data, rainfalldata, discharge data, embankment, structures, reservoir level etc. Table 2-1 below presents list ofdata collected, data gaps associated with different features and alternate data sources used for datadevelopment.

O p e r a t i o n a l R e s e a r c h t o S u p p o r t M a i n s t r e a m i n g I n t e g r a t e d F l o o d M a n a g e m e n t i n I n d i a u n d e r C l i m a t e C h a n g eVol. 4 Data Compendium Report – Final December 2015

4

Table 2-1: Inventory of hazard data for Brahmani-Baitarani (BB) river basin

SrNo

Data Types Key Data Sources/ Agencies

Vintages/Publication

DataFormat

Resolution DataGaps

Alternate DataSources

Resolution DataFormat

Remarks

1Annual Maximumand MinimumDischarges

WRD1 OdishaTime Series(1972 -2011)

MS ExcelBB Basin(sevenstations)

No gaps - - - Received through CWC2

2

Annual WaterQuality,Brahmani/Odisha(Water Year Book)

WRD OdishaTime Series(1990 -2011)

MS ExcelBB Basin(eightstations)

No gaps - - - Received through CWC

3 Baitarani/Odisha(Water Year Book) WRD Odisha

Time Series(1972 -2013)

MS Excel

BaitaraniRiver Basin(AnandpurandJchampuastation)

No gaps - - -

10-daily and monthlymean discharges; 50, 75and 25 percentagedischarges; andmaximum and minimumdischarges

4

Baitarani/Odisha(Water Year Book)(10-daily/monthlysediment load)


MS Excel

BaitaraniRiver Basin(Anandpur,JchampuaandTikaraparastation)

No gaps - - -

5

Baitarani/Odisha(Water Year Book)(Annual maximumand MinimumDischarges)


MS Excel

BaitaraniRiver Basin(AnandpurandJchampuastation)

No gaps - - -

6 Baitarani/Odisha(Water Year Book) WRD Odisha Time Series

(1990 - MS Excel BaitaraniRiver Basin No gaps - - -

1 WRD: Water Resource Department2 CWC: Central Water Commission


5

SrNo



DataFormat

Resolution DataGaps



Remarks

(Water Quality data) 2011) (AnandpurandJchampuastation)

7 Daily gauges andDischarges WRD Odisha

June toSeptember2014

Achievefile/softcopy

Akupada No gaps - - -

8

Daily wind speed,Pan evaporation,Pan watertemperature datafor Baitarani Basin

IMD3 (Obtainedthrough CWC)

Monthlymeans(1991 -2014)

MS Excel/CSV4

(Numerical)

Anandpur No gaps - - -

9 DischargeWRD Odisha,FMIS Bihar, CWC,WRIS5

Time seriesdata 1972 -2012

MS Excel/CSV(Numerical)

All stationsin BB andBG basins

No gaps - - - Refer to Annex 1 forstation wise details

10 Discharge WRD Odisha

Timeseriesdata1988 -2012


RengaliDamReservoir

No gaps - - -

Includes both dailygauge data during floodSeason (June toOctober) Hourly Inflowsin to the Dam Reservoirfor the following floodevents.

11 Discharge andWater levels WRD Odisha



Rengali DamReservoir No gaps - - -

Includes both DailyReservoir balancingdata and MonthlyMaximum - MinimumLevels

3 IMD: Indian Meteorological Department4 CSV: Comma Separated Values5 WRIS: Water Resource Information System


6

SrNo



DataFormat

Resolution DataGaps



Remarks

12 Geometry of RengaliReservoir WRD Odisha 2014

(received) CurveRengaliDamReservoir

No gaps - - - Elevation-CapacityRelation Table

13 Gridded rainfalldataset

IMD (Obtainedthrough CWC)

Time seriesdata 1969 -2013)


Entire BBand BGbasins

No gaps - - - Refer to Annex 1 forstation wise details

14Location andelevation rainfallstations

CWC n/a Point(GIS6)


No gaps - - -

15 Location and zerodatum of gauges CWC n/a Point

(GIS)


No gaps - - -

16Mean Discharge,Brahmani/Odisha(Water Year Book)


MS ExcelBrahmaniBasin (sixstations)

No gaps - - - 10-daily and monthlymean discharges

17

Mean SedimentLoad,Brahmani/Odisha(Water Year Book)


MS Excel BB Basin (sixstations) No gaps - - - 10-daily and monthly

mean sediment loads

18

Monthly MeanDischarge,Brahmani/Odisha(Water Year Book)

WRD Odisha n/a MS Excel BB Basin No gaps - - -Monthly means, 50, 75and 25 % dependabledischarges

19 Operation rules WRD Odisha 2014(received) Tables

RengaliDamReservoir

No gaps - - - Operating rules ofRengali Dam

6 GIS: Geographic Information System


7

SrNo



DataFormat

Resolution DataGaps



Remarks

20 Rating curves WRD Odisha 2014(received)

Ratingcurve

Rengali DamReservoir No gaps - - - Spillway Rating Table

21

Reservoir levelsinflows andoutflows during therecent flood inOdisha

WRD Odisha Time seriesdata 2014


Rengali DamReservoir No gaps - - -

22

River Gauge Dataduring the recentflood of 2014(Baitarani Basin)

WRD Odisha Time seriesdata 2014


At eightgaugestationslocated atBB basin

No gaps - - -

23 Tidal Data Survey of India(SOI) 2014 MS Excel/

CSVHourlyGauge data No gaps - - - Data collected for

Paradeep Port

24EmbankmentMaintenanceSchedules

WRD Odisha,FMIS Bihar, WRIS n/a7 n/a n/a No Data

Received Not Available - -

Not received yet. FMExpert is trying tocollect the data. Ifreceived would beintegrated later

25History ofEmbankmentBreaches

WRD Odisha,WRIS n/a n/a n/a No Data

Received Not Available - -

Not received yet. FMExpert is trying tocollect the data bymiddle of August

26 Cross sections atgauge stations CWC 1990 -

2012

Point(GIS)/Tabular


Data hasgaps

DGPS8 FieldSurvey at 60river cross

Sub-meterMS Excel,Polyline(GIS)

This data gap has beenfilled by DGPS cross-section survey

7 n/a: Not Available8 DGPS: Differential Global Positioning System


8

SrNo



DataFormat

Resolution DataGaps



Remarks

data sections

27Digital ElevationModel (DEM) - HighResolution (10m)

NRSC9/WRIS[2]/ORSAC[3] 2006 Raster

grid (GIS) 90 m Data hasgaps

SRTM DEMreleases byUSGS in 2014

30m Rastergrid (GIS)

Data available atdistrict, sub-district,village and town level

28 Embankment LinesWRD[4] Odisha,FMIS[5] Bihar,WRIS

n/a Polyline(GIS)

Both BB andBG basins

Data hasgaps

Data capturedthrough GoogleEarth satelliteimages andverified byrespectiveState's FMExperts

5m Polyline(GIS)

The available data haserrors in geometry, atplaces the embankmentcrosses the river lineand is incomplete.Needs revision

29

Longitudinalinformation ofirrigation,embankments, androads

WRD Odisha 2014 -2015

Polyline(GIS) andTables

BB Basin Data hasgaps

Average roadelevationincluded in theDEM

30m

PolylineandRasterGrid(GIS)

Alternate approachsuggested for modelingpurpose

30 River Shape file WRD Odisha,FMIS Bihar, WRIS

2013 -2014

PolylineandPolygon(GIS)

BB Basin Data hasgaps

River polylinehas beendelineatedusing SRTM30mDEM

30m Polyline(GIS)

The processed riverpolyline (GIS) has beenfurther validated

31Structures in theriver system andmain tributaries

WRD Odisha 2014 -2015

Point(GIS) andTables forlocationandoperational rules

BB Basin Data hasgaps Not Available - -

Received data as oneset for each structure,Dimensions notreceived

9 NRSC: National Remote Sensing Centre


9

SrNo



DataFormat

Resolution DataGaps



Remarks

32

Water level (HourlyGauge data duringFlood Season (June-October))

WRD Odisha,CWC



Six gaugestationslocated atBB basin

Data hasgaps

DGPS FieldSurvey at 60river crosssections

Sub-meter MS ExcelThis data gap has beenfilled by DGPS cross-section survey

2.1.2 Exposure DataThe team has collected the required information for exposure data from key national and state agencies responsible for creation of quality geospatial datafor the study area. These exposure data include required metadata information such as vintage, source, resolution, and other feature attributes etc. Theentire data collection activity has been administered by the concerned experts for their possible use. While the data without any gaps are considered forfurther processing, the data with critical information gaps has been studied further and appropriate sources/ methods have been identified to fill the gaps.Table 2-2 below presents the data gaps and alternate data sources used for exposure data development.

Table 2-2: Inventory of exposure data for Brahmani-Baitarani (BB) river basin

SrNo

Data Types Data Sub-types

Key DataSources/Agencies


DataFormat

Resolution DataGaps

AlternateData

Sources


Remarks

1 AdministrativeBoundaries

State/District/Taluka/Village SOI/WRIS 2011 Polygon State and

DistrictData has

gapsRMSI In-house data Taluka Polygon

Villageboundary datanot available,Risk analysisperformed atTaluka level

2 DemographicData

Population Census of India 2011 Tabular/MS Excel Taluka No gaps - - -

Housing/Household Data Census of India 2011 Tabular/

MS Excel Taluka No gaps - - -


10

SrNo




DataFormat

Resolution DataGaps

AlternateData

Sources


Remarks

3 EssentialFacilities

SchoolsSOI/ State Govt.Departments/ORSAC10

n/a11 n/a n/a No DataReceived

RMSI In-house data

Aggregatedby Talukas Polygon

HealthFacilities

SOI/ State Govt.Departments/ORSAC

n/a n/a n/a No DataReceived

RMSI In-house data


Safe sheltersSOI/ State Govt.Departments/ORSAC


RMSI In-house data


Police StationsSOI/ State Govt.Departments/ORSAC


RMSI In-house data


Fire StationsSOI/ State Govt.Departments/ORSAC


RMSI In-house data


Post OfficesSOI/ State Govt.Departments/ORSAC


RMSI In-house data


4 Utilities

Electric PowerState Govt.Departments/ORSAC

n/a n/a n/a No DataReceived - - -

Would beincluded inexposure dataonce wereceive it

Potable WaterState Govt.Departments/ORSAC



Communicatio State Govt. n/a n/a n/a No Data - - - Would be

10 ORSAC: Odisha Remote Sensing Application Centre11 n/a: Not Available


11

SrNo




DataFormat

Resolution DataGaps

AlternateData

Sources


Remarks

n Network Departments/ORSAC

Received included inexposure dataonce wereceive it

Power Plantand SensitiveInstallation

State Govt.Departments/ORSAC



5 TransportationSystem

RoadsState Govt.Departments/ORSAC


RMSI In-house data

Sitespecific Polyline

RailwaysState Govt.Departments/ORSAC


RMSI In-house data

Sitespecific Polyline

AirportState Govt.Departments/ORSAC


SeaportState Govt.Departments/ORSAC


6 Agriculture

CropsMinistry ofAgriculture,Govt. of India

2000 -2010 Tabular(Excel) District No gaps - - -

LivestockMinistry ofAgriculture,Govt. of India

2000 -2010 Tabular(Excel) District No gaps - - -

7 Land use/Landcover (LULC) - NRSC/SOI/

ORSAC/WRIS n/a n/a n/a No DataReceived

RMSI In-house data

5m forcities and15-30m forrural areas

Polygon


12

2.1.3 Community DataThe team has used a combination of secondary and primary data for community status analysis in the BB basin. Primary data has been generated throughhousehold survey and Focus Group Discussions (FGD), while the prime source of secondary data is Census 2011. The census data is available at sub-district(taluka) level.

In terms of overall data gaps, there is not much information available for income, GDP, and other economic indicators at sub-district or district level.Moreover, due to unavailability of poverty-related information at sub-district level, it is difficult to understand the poverty trends in terms of spatialdistribution. Therefore, to find out the economic status of the community, the team has used some economic indicators to capture the income andeconomic information and reduce the data gaps during the household survey.

2.2 Burhi Gandak (BG) River BasinThe following sub-sections present the data sources and associated data gaps in the Burhi Gandak river basin of Bihar.

2.2.1 Hazard DataThe hazard data gaps and alternate data sources for BG basin are presented in Table 2-3.

Table 2-3: Inventory of hazard data for Burhi Gandak (BG) river basin

SrNo



DataFormat

Resolution Data Gaps AlternateData Sources


Remarks

1

Daily wind speed,Pan evaporation,Pan watertemperature data forBG Basin


Monthlymeans(1991 -2014)


Not available No gaps - - -

2 Discharge CWC and WRD,Bihar

Time seriesdata: past30 - 40years


All stationsaremaintainedby CWC andWRD inBihar

No gaps - - -

Daily Discharge Dataand hourly Gauge datain the period from Juneto October, Refer toAnnex 1 for station wisedetails


13

SrNo



DataFormat



Remarks

3 Flood Extent Maps FMIS12 and WRDBihar

Past majorfloodevents

DigitalMaps andSatelliteimageries

Entire BGBasin No gaps - - -

4Gridded rainfalldataset


Time seriesdata 1969 -2013)


Entire BGbasins No gaps - - - Refer to Annex 1 for

station wise details

5Location andelevation of rainfallstations

CWC n/a Point(GIS)

Entire BGbasins No gaps - - -

6

Structures in theriver system andmain tributaries(location, dimensionsand operating rules)

Chief Engineer'sOffice,Muzafarpur, WRDBihar

n/a

Point(GIS) andTables forlocationandoperational rules

Muzaffarpurdistrict No gaps - - -

7Water level (Oncedaily gauge data) WRD Bihar

Time seriesdata 2000-2006

Numerical- MSExcel/CSV(Numerical)

Observeddata at sites:Godia,Daisinghsarai,DadaulGhat,

No gaps - - - All available data havebeen collected

8Cross sections atgauge stations CWC 1990 -

2012

Point(GIS)/Tabulardata

Entire BGbasin

Data hasgaps


Sub-meterMS Excel,Polyline(GIS)

This data gap has beenfilled by DGPS cross-section survey

12 FMIS: Flood Management Information System


14

SrNo



DataFormat



Remarks

9Digital ElevationModel (DEM) - HighResolution (10m)

NRSC/BRSAC13/WRIS/FMIS Bihar

2006 Rastergrid (GIS) 90 m Data has

gaps

SRTM DEMreleases byUSGS in2014

30m Rastergrid (GIS)

Data available at District,Sub-district, village andtown level. Applied Bias-correction based on SOIspot heights and rivercross-section survey

10 Embankment Lines WRD Bihar, FMISBihar, WRIS n/a

MS Excel,MS Word,JPG

Entire BGBasin

Data hasgaps

Data capturedthroughGoogle Earthsatelliteimages andverified byrespectiveState's FMExperts

5m Polyline(GIS)

The available data haserrors in geometry, atplaces the embankmentcrosses the river lineand is incomplete.Needs revision

11EmbankmentMaintenanceSchedules

WRD Bihar n/a Not yetreceived

Entire BGBasin

Data hasgaps

Chiefengineer'soffice at otherdistricts

Motihari,Muzaffarpur andSamastipur

n/a

Data available with threedistrict level chiefengineers’ offices -Motihari, Muzaffarpur,and Samastipur. OurBihar FM expert isworking on collecting thedata

12History ofEmbankmentBreaches

FMIS and WRD,Bihar n/a n/a Muzaffarpur Data has

gaps WRD Bihar Districts n/a

Not received yet. FMExpert is working tocollect the data bymiddle of August

13 BRSAC: Bihar Remote Sensing Application Centre


15

SrNo



DataFormat



Remarks

13

Longitudinalinformation onirrigation,embankments, androads

WRD Bihar n/aPolyline(GIS) andTables

Partiallycovering theBG basin

Data hasgaps


PolylineandTables

Alternate approachsuggested for modelingpurpose

14River and CanalNetwork Shape file

FMIS and WRDBihar

2013 -2014

PolylineandPolygon(GIS)

Entire BGBasin

Data hasgaps

River polylinehas beendelineatedusingSRTM30mDEM

30m Polyline(GIS)

The processed riverpolyline (GIS) has beenfurther validated

15

Water level (HourlyGauge data duringFlood Season (June-October))

CWC

1958 to2006-waterlevel and2005 to2013 hourlygauges

Numerical- MSExcel/CSV(Numerical)

Eight gaugestationslocated atBG basin

Data hasgaps


Sub-meter MS ExcelThis data gap has beenfilled by DGPS cross-section survey

2.2.2 Exposure DataThe exposure data gaps and alternate data sources for BG basin are presented in Table 2-4.

Table 2-4: Inventory of exposure data for Burhi Gandak (BG) river basin

Sr.No. Data Types

Data Sub-types

Key DataSources


DataFormat Resolution

DataGaps

Alternate DataSources Resolution

DataFormat Remarks

1 AdministrativeBoundaries

State/District/Taluka/Village SOI/WRIS 2011 Polygon State and

DistrictData hasgaps

RMSI In-house data Taluka Polygon

Village boundary datanot available, Riskanalysis performed atTaluka level

2 DemographicData Population Census of

India 2011 Tabular/MS Excel Taluka No gaps - - -


16

Sr.No. Data Types

Data Sub-types

Key DataSources



DataGaps


DataFormat Remarks

Housing/Household Data

Census ofIndia 2011 Tabular/

MS Excel Taluka No gaps - - -

3 EssentialFacilities

Schools

SOI/ StateGovt.Departments/ ORSAC

n/a No datareceived

n/a Data hasgaps

RMSI In-housedata


HealthFacilities


n/a No datareceived

n/a Data hasgaps

RMSI In-housedata


Safe shelters


n/a No datareceived

n/a Data hasgaps

RMSI In-housedata


PoliceStations


n/a No datareceived

n/a Data hasgaps

RMSI In-housedata


Fire Stations


n/a No datareceived

n/a Data hasgaps

RMSI In-housedata


Post Offices


n/a No datareceived

n/a Data hasgaps

RMSI In-housedata


4 Utilities

ElectricPower

State Govt.Departments/ ORSAC

n/a No datareceived

n/a Data hasgaps - - -

Would be included inexposure data oncewe receive it

PotableWater


n/a No datareceived



Communication Network


n/a No datareceived n/a Data has

gaps - - -Would be included inexposure data oncewe receive it


17

Sr.No. Data Types

Data Sub-types

Key DataSources



DataGaps


DataFormat Remarks

Power Plantand SensitiveInstallation


n/a No datareceived



5 TransportationSystem

RoadsState Govt.Departments/ ORSAC

n/a No datareceived


RailwaysState Govt.Departments/ ORSAC

n/a No datareceived


AirportState Govt.Departments/ ORSAC

n/a No datareceived


SeaportState Govt.Departments/ ORSAC

n/a No datareceived


6 Agriculture

Crops

Ministry ofAgriculture,Govt. ofIndia

2000 -2010 Tabular(Excel)

Districtlevel No gaps - - -

Livestock

Ministry ofAgriculture,Govt. ofIndia

2000 -2010 Tabular(Excel)

Districtlevel No gaps - - -

7Landuse/Landcover(LULC)

NRSC/SOI/ORSAC/WRIS

n/a n/a n/a Data hasgaps

RMSI In-housedata

5m forcities and15-30m forrural areas

Polygon

2.2.3 Community DataThe team has used a combination of secondary and primary data for community status analysis in the BG basin. The primary data has been generatedthrough household survey and Focus Group Discussions (FGD), while the prime source of secondary data is Census 2011. Census data is available at sub-


18

district (taluka) level. In terms of overall data gaps, there is not much information available for income, GDP14 and other economic indicators at sub-districtor district level. Moreover, due to unavailability of poverty-related information at sub-district level, it is difficult to understand the poverty trends in termsof spatial distribution. Therefore, to find out the economic status of the community, the team has used some economic indicators to capture the incomeand economic information and reduce the data gaps during the household survey.

14 GDP: Gross Domestic Product


19

Chapter 3 Data Processing

Data processing is an important step for flood hazard risk assessment. As discussed in Section 2above, once the collected data were reviewed, assessed, and organized in the data inventory sheets,the team subsequently took up the processing of data which had no gaps.

Depending on the format of the data received, various data processing steps were applied; theseinclude data cleaning, data standardization, geo-referencing, and data development. The positionalaccuracy and completeness of the data has also been taken care of in this activity. On the other hand,the remaining data, after bridging the gaps, are served as inputs for further processing. Finally, allthe data are included in the Integrated Flood Management Information System (IFMIS).

3.1 Hazard DataThe processing of hazard data requires considerable amounts of GIS and non-GIS data processing. Alot of these are time series data such as rainfall, discharge etc. that require more processing timeand statistical analysis. The following sub-sections detail the processing of the key hazard datasetsused in this study.

3.1.1 Digital Elevation Model (DEM)DEM is one of the key inputs for hydrological /hydraulic model development, and flood hazardmapping. This section focuses on the processing of DEM including its enhancements and limitations.

At the start of the project, the team had intended to use a few free source DEMs such as 30mresolution Cartosat DEM from Bhuvan portal (NRSC, 2012 vintage) and 90m resolution Shuttle RadarTopography Mission (SRTM V4.1, 2007 vintage) data. However, after due analysis and qualityassessment of this data, it was observed that the Cartosat 30m DEM has issues such as errors of linestripping, no data, negative values, and sinks to more complex arbitrarily high or low values, andpatch errors. Even after applying appropriate enhancement techniques, the team concluded that itwas difficult to use this data for modeling purposes in the present study. Hence, the Cartosat 30mDEM was not found suitable for the adopted flood modeling techniques for this study.

Subsequently, the team carried out enhancements to 90m resolution SRTM DEM for both BG and BBbasins using the spot heights of Survey of India (SOI) toposheets in consultation with the ModelingAdvisor of this project. The team captured more than 8,200 spot heights and triangulation pointsfrom 101 toposheets procured from SOI for the BB and BG basins.

In the next step, the elevation values in both SRTM15 DEM (90m) and spot heights (toposheets) werecompared spatially in order to determine the elevation correction values. These help in determiningthe relationship between errors and increasing elevation for the study area (Sanyal et al. 2013). Theintention is to use the SOI median error value at different parts of the basin, the vertical accuracy of90m SRTM DEM can be improved and thereafter could be used for hydrodynamic modeling.

15 SRTM: Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission


20

Figure 3-1 below presents the distribution of captured spot heights in the BG and BB basins. Due to unavailability (restricted use) of toposheets for theupper catchment of BG basin and coastal areas of the BB basin, the comparison has been restricted to specified areas. Hence, the team has only performedbias-correction exercise spatially within those specified pockets followed by smoothening of the surface using the low-pass filtering or bi-orthogonalfiltering.

Figure 3-1: Distribution of spot heights captured from toposheets for the BG (left) and BB (right) basins

Figure 3-2 below presents the scatter diagram and error distribution between the spot heights and SRTM data for the BB basin. This was a step to apply thebias-correction to SRTM 90m DEM after Sanyal et al. 2013.


21

Figure 3-2: Comparison of 90m SRTM DEM and toposheet spot heights (above) and errordistribution (below).

At this point of the study (January 2015), United States Geological Survey (USGS) published a betterresolution SRTM 30m (1 arc second) resolution DEM for India in public domain(http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/srtm/, http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/srtm/images/SRTM_Jan2015.gif). Theteam has checked the data availability and confirmed the DEM availability for both the BG and BBbasins. Thereafter, the team downloaded 30m DEM data and performed the assessment of this DEMfor river/catchment delineation, comparing it with SOI spot heights and 90m SRTM data etc. in orderto check its usability in the hydrodynamic model adopted for this project.

In this process, the team carried out a set of exercises on SRTM 30m DEM bias-correction. Theseinclude comparison of SRTM 30m DEM data with the spot heights captured from SOI toposheets andriver Cross Section (CS) data captured by the survey team using total stations or Differential GPS(DGPS) survey. These correlations have been used in determining the relationship between elevationerrors and their spatial distribution in the study area (Sanyal et al. 2013). The idea is to use themedian error value at different parts of the basin, so that the vertical accuracy of 30m SRTM DEMcan be improved, and thereafter, could be used for hydrodynamic modeling. The finding of theabove correlation was then discussed and reviewed by the Flood Modeling Advisor of this project fortheir consequences in the study.

Next, the team worked on comparison of the elevation values present in SRTM 30m DEM with theriver profile CS data captured in BB and BG basins (60 CS each) during the field survey. The surveyed

http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/srtm/images/SRTM_Jan2015.gif


22

point locations with elevation information have been processed to generate individual cross sectionpolylines using GIS tools.

Consequently, based on the elevation information captured for the surveyed CS data, the teamcompared the elevation difference with SRTM 30m data. Figure 3-3 presents the elevation differenceobserved between the CS data and the corresponding SRTM 30m data. The green line in thesnapshot shows the DEM error correction line calculated approximately based on overall trendanalysis. This snapshot indicates that the SRTM 30m surface at this location has higher valuescompared to the more accurate CS elevation data. It should be kept in mind that the comparison ofthe values are restricted to the river bank/ embankment locations, as SRTM DEM data captures onlywater surface elevation information not their depth.

Figure 3-3: Diagram showing the correlation between CS level and SRTM 30m DEM at a point in BBbasin

Following this analysis, the elevation values of SRTM 30m data have been lowered by an average2.5m to match the DEM with more accurate field investigations in the Brahmani-Baitarani (BB) basin.However, based on the analysis the team concluded that no such DEM bias-corrections are requiredfor the DEM of BG basin. Finally, the team applied the smoothening of the surface using low-passfiltering or bi-orthogonal filtering for both the basins. The whole exercise was carried out under thesupervision of the Flood Modeling Advisor of this project for its appropriateness in the selected floodmodel.

Figure 3-4 and Figure 3-5 below present the final processed DEMs for the BB and BG basins,respectively.


23

Figure 3-4: Processed (bias-corrected) SRTM 30m DEM of BB basin

Figure 3-5: Processed STRM 30m DEM of BG basin


24

3.1.2 EmbankmentsAs mentioned in the data source and data gaps sections above (Section 2), the embankment data forboth the BB and BG basins are not sufficient to produce desirable results in SOBEK16 flood model.Therefore, the team, in consultation with the Modeling Advisor of the project, has captured theembankment details for both the basins based on Google imageries. The primary source ofidentification of embankments is based on satellite image visual interpretation in terms of tone,texture, shadow, size, shape, and association. The already available embankment data received inshape files from WRDs of respective departments helped the team in validating the captured data.

Next, the data captured was shared with the FM Expert of the Consultants posted at Bihar andOdisha for their review of the respective segments. These shape files can easily be combined withthe embankment information from the CS-survey and used for hydraulic modeling. Figure 3-6 belowpresents the embankment data captured for the BG river basin.

Figure 3-6: Location of embankments in the BG basin

16 SOBEK is a powerful modeling suite of Deltares for flood forecasting, optimization of drainage systems,control of irrigation systems, sewer overflow design, river morphology, salt intrusion and surface water quality


25

3.1.3 River Cross Section SurveyIn this study, the team has carried out river cross section survey at identified locations in the BB andBG river basins in Odisha and Bihar, respectively. The key objective of this task is to generate groundbased measurements to validate elevation data, estimate river channel depth.

Prior to the field survey, the modeling team had identified 120 locations (60 locations in each basin)at an interval of 10 km (approximate) along the river length. For the BB river basin, the team hasconsidered the lower part of catchments for CS survey (areas below Rengali Dam) as floodingproblem normally occurs in these areas. The survey has been carried out using two different modes;

(i) Total station survey (DGPS) for land area(ii) Eco-sounding for river water area

In areas of shallow water, measurements have been taken manually. The output has been preparedin Microsoft Excel format containing latitude, longitude and cross section levels for a series of pointsacross the river. Figure 3-7 below presents a cross section at BG basin surveyed by the team.

Figure 3-7: Surveyed river cross-section of BG basin

After the completion of the survey, the team has validated the results thoroughly applyingappropriate QA/QC techniques. Finally, the processed cross section data has been included in theSOBEK model for flood modeling of the respective river basins.


26

3.1.4 Hydrological and Hydro-meteorological Data

3.1.4.1 Rainfall DataThe rainfall data was analyzed for monthly and seasonal rainfall and the daily rainfall variations forflood modeling. This included extraction and analysis of the basic statistics, calculation of mean andstandard deviation, and coefficient of variation in rainfall. Such analysis leads to the frequencyanalysis for various return periods using Gumbel and Log Pearson distributions. In this process, theteam applied the basic perusal of the rainfall discharge by comparison. These processing steps are tocorrect the anomalies in the rainfall data for available periods. This helps to maintain the overallconsistency of data for flood modeling.

In addition to this, the available rainfall data for 8 stations in BG basin and 11 stations in BB basinwere further projected to future scenarios (year 2040 and 2080 projections) to account for climatechange effects.

Table 3-1 below presents the consistency checks for Mean, Standard Deviation, and Skew of theone-day annual maximum rainfall for 14 stations.

Table 3-1: Consistency of 1-Day Annual Maximum Rainfall

Sr. No Rain gaugeStation

Basin Name Length ofdata (Month)

Mean(mm)

StandardDev(mm)

Skew

1 Altuma Brahmani -Baitarani 22 100.65 38.35 0.116

2 Gomlai -do- 24 120.84 40.61 1.293 Jenapur -do- 24 134.88 58.8 1.284 Pamposh -do- 24 120.45 61.22 1.795 Rengali -do- 23 115.50 44.43 0.446 Talcher -do- 24 112.35 45.11 1.06

7 Ahirwalia Burhi Gandak 33 133.22 44.72 0.23

8 Champatia -do- 33 162.04 91.31 2.03

9 Khagaria -do- 29 134.53 139.47 4.28

10 Lalbiaghat -do- 33 133.23 44.71 0.23

11 Muzaffarpur -do- 32 112.58 45.83 0.62

12 Rosera -do- 32 103.31 29.64 0.55

13 Samastipur -do_ 32 105.04 38.24 0.65

14 Samara -do- 33 139.27 76.29 2.26

3.1.4.2 Discharge DataThe processing of gauge discharge data was carried out through two keys steps, namely, removal ofanomalies from the data and finding out the peak discharges for each gauge station for a definedperiod. For removal of anomalies, we followed the steps similar to what we did in the removal ofanomalies in rainfall data. For example, to segment the discharge data, the team considered the


27

peak discharge for 10 years or 25 years. This way the team analyzed the frequency for each segmentof the base data to ascertain variations in the flood levels.

3.1.5 Others

3.1.5.1 Tidal DataTidal data is another important parameter for flood hazard specifically for the BB basin. Since, thetidal data acquired from SOI was costly, the team acquired this data for Paradeep Port for optimumduration considering its best possible use in the SOBEK flood model. This data has been furtherprocessed and analyzed by the flood experts of the project before integrating it into the flood model(Table 3-2).

Table 3-2: Selection of tidal data for Paradeep Port in the BB basin

Sl.No. Year Period of Data

Requirement

Total no. ofDays of DataRequirement

No. of Days forwhich no Data is

available

No. of Daysfor which

Data isavailable

DataCost

per Day(INR)

TotalCost of

Data(INR)

11999 April to December 275

October 4 days210 110 23,100November 30 days

December 31 daysTotal=65 days


April 30 days

165 110 18,150

May 31 daysJune 8 daysSeptember 8daysOctober 31 daysNovember 2 daysTotal= 110 days


August 31 days233 110 25,630November 9 days

December 2 daysTotal=42 days


April 30 days

134 110 14,740May 31 daysJune 30 daysJuly 31 daysAugust 19 daysTotal=141 days

52005 April to December 275 November 13 days 262 110 28,820

Total=13 days


April 11 days

237 110 26,070May 11 daysAugust 7 daysSeptember 9 daysTotal=38 days

7 2007 April to December 275

July 31 days

192 110 21,120August 8 daysSeptember 8 daysOctober 31 days


28

Sl.No. Year Period of Data

Requirement

Total no. ofDays of DataRequirement

No. of Days forwhich no Data is

available

No. of Daysfor which

Data isavailable

DataCost

per Day(INR)

TotalCost of

Data(INR)

November 5 daysTotal= 83 days

8 2008 April to December 275 Nil 275 260 71,5009 2009 April to December 275 NIL 275 260 71,500

10 2010April to December

275June 14 days

245 260 63,700July 16 daysTotal=30 days

11 2011 April to December 275 NIL 275 260 71,500

12 2012 April to December 275October 6 days

269 260 69,940Total=6 days

13 1973October andNovember 61 NIL 61 110 6,710

14 1974September andOctober 61 NIL 61 110 6,710

15 1981November andDecember 61 NIL 61 110 6,710

16 1982 May and June 61 NIL 61 110 6,710


29

3.2 Exposure Data

3.2.1 Population and HouseholdsThe source of population and household data for the study area is Census of India. It provides bothpopulation and household data at taluka (sub-district) level with a vintage of 2011. In this study, wehave collected the Census data in tabular format containing total population, total male and female,and total number of households. Next, these tabular data have been filtered and processed for thestudy areas (BB and BG basins). Finally, the processed tabular data is formatted and attached withthe corresponding taluka boundaries for both the basins. Figure 3-8 presents the populationdistribution map for the BG basin for overview.

Figure 3-8: Distribution of population across the BG basin at taluka level


30

3.2.2 Housing ConditionsStructural details for buildings and their occupancies are important elements of exposure. Thevulnerability of buildings to flood hazard primarily depends on the construction materials used forwall and roofs, their designs, age, maintenance, and height of the buildings. These are, therefore,the key parameters considered while organizing the buildings into different structural classesconsidering the limitations of data availability. These classes represent the categories that aredistinctly vulnerable to the same level of hazard.

The Census 2011 building structural details (wall and roof materials) are grouped into structuralclasses at the taluka level for both BB and BG basins. From these data, based on the structuralvulnerability, the building structures are classified into 90 distinct combinations. Consequently,based on the perspective of building’s physical vulnerability, these classes are further grouped intothe following three distinct structural categories, namely, huts, katcha, and pucca buildings.

Table 3-3: Main building categories derived from Census 2011 building structural details

Sr.No. Main BuildingCategories

Structural Types Description showing combination ofmajor wall and roof materials

1 HutsGrass/ thatch/ bamboo/wood/ plastic/ polytheneetc.

Grass/ thatch/ bamboo/ wood/ plastic/polythene etc. used in combination forwall and roof materials

2 Katcha

Mud/ Un-burnt Brick/ Stonewithout mortar

Mud/Un-burnt brick/stone without mortaras wall materials andgrass/thatch/bamboo/ Plastic/polythene/handmade tiles/ machine-madetiles etc as roof materials

Light Metal

G.I./metal/asbestos sheets as wallmaterials and grass/thatch/bamboo/Plastic/ polythene/tiles/ G.I./metal/asbestossheets as roof materials

3 Pucca

Burnt Brick/ Stone withmortar with TemporaryRoof

Burnt brick/ Stone packed with mortar aswall materials and temporary roof (tiles,wood, GI, slate, etc.)

Reinforced MasonryBuildings

Burnt brick walls and RCC roof

Reinforced ConcreteFrame (RCF) with brickinfill

Reinforced Concrete Frame buildings withbrick-in-fills walls and RCC roof

Reinforced CementConcrete (RCC)

Combination of concrete and steel to builda structure

Figure 3-9: Presents the pre-dominant house types found in the BG basin as per Census 2011 data


31

Figure 3-9: Pre-dominant house types in BG basin at taluka level

3.2.3 Education and HealthEducational and health facilities are important components of essential facilities. These play a criticalrole in mitigation, response, and recovery operations before, during, and after a disaster. In thisstudy, the Census household numbers for educational and health facilities at taluka level have beenused to estimate number of persons served by each school/ hospital at taluka level for both thebasins. The team has extracted the data at taluka level and attached them with corresponding GISdata layers in IFMIS17. The analysis for the BB basin has considered only the lower catchment area(flood plains) into account, while the analysis that has been performed for the BG basin covered theentire catchment area.

Figure 3-10 presents the distribution of educational and health facilities in BB basin lower catchmentarea at taluka level.

17 IFMIS: Integrated Flood Management Information System


32

Figure 3-10: Distribution of educational facilities (left) and health facilities (right) in BB basin lower catchment area at taluka level


33

3.2.4 AgricultureCrops constitute one of the primary exposures while studying the flood hazard, vulnerability, andrisk. The impact of flood hazard in the country is primarily assessed by losses to crop production.Hence, it is important to obtain the total acreage at finer resolution (e.g., district/taluka/village level)for which risk assessment needs to be carried out. As per the needs of the project, risk assessment isto be carried out at taluka level. However, due to unavailability of taluka level crop data, district levelcrop data (source: Department of Agriculture & Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture, Government ofIndia) has been distributed at taluka level using Land Use Land Cover (LULC) map of LISS18 III satellitedata. The following processing steps have been considered:

· Step 1: LISS III Satellite data has been classified into respective Land Use Land Cover classesnamely - Urban High Density, Urban Medium Density, Urban Low Density, Suburban HighDensity, Suburban Low Density Villages, Industrial, Forest, Low Dense Vegetation,Agriculture, Water, Marshy Area, Open, Quasi Open, Airport, River/Canal, Seasonal WaterBody and Sea.

· Step 2: All other land use classes are eliminated from the LULC except the agriculture class

· Step 3: The district boundary layer has been overlaid on LULC map and total agricultural areain a particular district has been clipped using GIS tools

· Step 4: The taluka boundary layer has been overlaid on the district level clipped agriculturalarea, and subsequently available agricultural area that falls within each taluka boundary hasbeen estimated

· Step 5: Fraction of agricultural area in each taluka with respect to district level totalagricultural area, obtained from LULC, are calculated and subsequently district level totalobserved normal acreage has been distributed at taluka level following this fraction

· Step 6: Taluka level crop acreage has been further divided into individual crop level acreagebased on fraction of individual crop acreage with respect to total crop acreage in a taluka

· Step 7: Lastly, taluka level acreage data has been attached to the respective taluka shape fileusing GIS tools

This exercise has been performed separately for each district falling in the study area of Bihar andOdisha states. Figure 3-11 presents the crop acreage at taluka level for the BG basin.

18 LISS: Linear Imaging and Self Scanning Censor


34

Figure 3-11: Distribution of crop acreage at taluka level for BG basin


35

3.3 Quality Checks and Quality AssuranceData quality is an important aspect and is best achieved by preventing errors throughout the projectlife cycle. The quality control system comprises of a set of routine technical activities, to measureand control the quality of the data divided into specific quality control stages. Therefore, theobjective of the Quality Control (QC) and Quality Assurance (QA) processes is to ensure that the datais accurately captured, recorded, and saved. In the present study, the team tried to detect possiblesources of error linked to the data and their processing. As every error has some influence on thequality of the analysis, the detection of these errors has been considered as the first step in thepresent study.

The data QA/QC focus is mainly concentrated on areas of:

· Resolution of data· Projection system· Positional accuracy· Topological errors of the data· Essential attribute fields· Standard unit in all dataset· File naming convention and versioning· Consistency in the data


36

Chapter 4 Integration of Data in Integrated FloodManagement Information System (IFMIS)

4.1 BackgroundAs part of the present assignment, an Integrated Flood Management Information System (IFMIS) hasbeen developed as a desktop-based application that can be used to view and analyze flood hazarddata along with other base layers such as basin boundary, river network, land use, population, etc.collated into an open source GIS application. In this study, one of the key aspects is to present floodhazard/risk maps for both Burhi Gandak and Brahmani-Baitarani basins. Use of QGIS is foundadvantageous because it is a powerful open source based GIS application that supports compilationof data efficiently and presents user-friendly display, data management and analysis options. Inaddition, it supports data in a number of formats and facilitates the users to organize data usingadditional libraries and plug-ins. Hence, the Quantum GIS (QGIS) platform has been chosen for theIFMIS application in the present study.

The main purposes of developing this software platform are:

· To compile flood hazard and exposure data to support IFM planning

· To uses open source application such as Quantum GIS (QGIS) to optimize license fees

· To help the users to manage the display of each map layer

· To contains non-spatial data in tabular format

· To use pre-compiled results from flood modeling

· To compare different scenarios and flood mitigation measures

· To show areas having maximum flood risks, roads likely to be cut in a flood event, locationsof safe shelters, etc.

4.2 Review of Existing SystemsThis section presents a review of the existing water resources information systems stakeholders suchas CWC and WRDs in India use to assess floods.

4.2.1 India-WRISIndia Water Resources Information System (India-WRIS) is a web GIS based platform that provides a‘Single Window’ solution for comprehensive, authoritative, and consistent data and information ofIndia’s water resources. Central Water Commission (CWC) in collaboration with the Indian SpaceResearch Organization (ISRO) has undertaken to develop WRIS using standardized national GISframework (WGS19-84 datum and LCC projection) tools to search, access, visualize, understand, andanalyze the data for assessment, monitoring, planning, development, and finally produce anIntegrated Water Resources Management tool called Water Resources Information System (WRIS).

19 WGS: World Geodetic Survey


37

WRIS is a tool for planning and managing Water resources with the following major objectives:

· To collate available data from various sources, generate new database of country’s waterresources in standardized Geographical Information system (GIS) and provide a thin clientscalable web enabled information system;

· To provide easier and faster access and share nationally consistent and authentic waterresources data with various Water Resources departments, professionals and other stakeholders for Integrated Water Resources management;

· To provide tools to create value added maps by way of multi-layer stacking of GIS databasesso as to provide integrated view of water resources issues;

· To provide a foundation for advanced modeling purposes and future Spatial decisionsupport system including automated data collection system;

The latest version of India-WRIS (version 4.0) is in the public domain and can be accessed by usersthrough website http://www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/ after necessary registration. The informationavailable under WRIS enables users to augment and judiciously use water resources in the country.

Figure 4-1: Snapshot showing home page of India-WRIS


38

Figure 4-2: Snapshot showing geo-visualization wizard of India-WRIS

4.2.2 Flood Management Information System (FMIS) BiharFMIS is a World Bank sponsored project under Water Resources Department, Government of Bihar(http://fmis.bih.nic.in/). This application has been developed in four stages. The phase-I focuses onthe most flood prone areas in North Bihar, from Burhi Gandak River in the west to Koshi River in theeast, including the districts of East Champaran, Muzaffarpur, Begusarai, Samastipur, Dharbanga,Sitamarhi, Sheohar, Madhubani, Supaul, Saharsa, and Khagaria covering about 26,000 sq. km. in area.The phase-II would include entire North Bihar together with Patna, Bhagalpur and Munger districts.FMIS application, once completed, would cover substantially enhanced functions and products,supported by improved hydrologic observations and telemetry, more reliable and longer termrainfall forecasts, enhanced flood forecasts and inundation predictions with better models, airborneSynthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) surveys for real-time inundation information during floods, closecontour surveys of the flood plain using LiDAR20 technology, mapping floodplain geomorphologyincluding micro-relief to understand and improve drainage, improved communication links andinformation flow, risk and vulnerability analysis, institutional and community outreach mechanisms,and real-time flood data dissemination. The fully upgraded FMIS would then be able to support thepreparation of a master plan for flood control and drainage, irrigation improvement, and overallwater sector development in Bihar State (Figure 4-3).

The main objectives of FMIS include:

· The long-term objective of FMIS is to develop and implement a comprehensive FMIS toeffectively support flood control and management in the flood prone areas of Bihar State.

· The short-term objective is to develop flood hazard characterization and operational floodmanagement information products, supplemented by improved flood forecast modeling, aflood website, flood control manuals, plans for upgrading hydrologic measurements,telemetry and FMIS training. FMIS would be upgraded in graduated steps in the future by

20 LiDAR: Light Detection and Ranging


39

introducing the extensive use of modern information technologies for developing andimplementing a comprehensive Flood Management Information System (FMIS) in priorityareas.

Figure 4-3: Snapshot showing home page of FMIS, Bihar

4.2.3 Department of Water Resources (DOWR) OdishaThe Department of Water Resources, Government of Odisha also maintains a web-site that providesinformation on various river basins in Odisha, issues daily flood bulletins, and provides data onreservoirs, river gauges, rainfall etc. (http://www.dowrorissa.gov.in/). It mainly includes informationrelated to state water resource department under the following heads - water resources of Odisha,flood control and drainage, irrigation scenarios, irrigation projects, acts-rules-policies, and otheractivities. Instead of online real-time flood mapping and information sharing scenarios, DOWROdisha mostly provides information and statistics in tabular and document format (Figure 4-4) onthe above mentioned aspects.


40

Figure 4-4: River systems in Odisha as shown in DOWR Odisha

4.3 Software Details of Present IFMISIn the present study, the team has developed the GIS database primarily through free sourceQuantum GIS (QGIS) software. Separate QGIS project files have been developed for the BB and BGbasins, accordingly. The system requirements and key features of IFMIS are presented below-

4.3.1 System Requirements1. Windows XP or newer

2. 1 GB of RAM

3. 1.6 GHz processor

4.3.2 Key Feature layersThe IFMIS contains a set of spatial and non-spatial databases for both the basins that containinformation about exposure/assets, hazards, and vulnerability for the study area. This includes:

· Administrative boundaries- Basin and Sub-basin boundaries

· River System- River network- Embankments- Flood mitigation structures


41

· Land Use/ Land Cover· Infrastructure Facilities

- Roads- Bridges- Railways- Police stations- Fire stations- Safe shelters

· Digital elevation model (DEM)· Cropping pattern· Socioeconomic data

- Demography- Education

· Flood hazard maps for different return periods· Climate change projections

Figure 4-5: Overview of the GIS data layers used in IFMIS for BB basin


42

Figure 4-6: Overview of the GIS data layers used in IFMIS for BG basin

4.4 Functions and Use of the SystemQGIS is a tool for organizing, analyzing and presenting geographical, socio-economic and other usefulscientific information to support flood risk management decisions. This would primarily be used byCWC, and planners and decision makers at national, district and taluka/village levels, to supportdecisions aimed at mitigating disaster risks. It can also be used to map a range of separate elementsand features, such as houses, schools, health clinics, roads, bridges and rivers in any combination.

The IFMIS would help the user to manage the display order and symbol properties for each maplayers. Apart from these spatial layers, the IFMIS can also manage non-spatial data in tabular formatthat are useful in the flood risk assessment. The QGIS based IFMIS uses pre-compiled results fromflood modeling and compare different scenarios with emphasis to certain flood mitigation measures.

4.5 Way ForwardThe IFMIS, at the end of the study, would be delivered to CWC departments and ADB for further use.This is a dynamic system and more layers can be added and analysis can be performed using thisplatform.

4.6 Accessing the Collected DataIn this study, the team has selected a GIS application (QGIS) for supporting IFMIS, which can presentthe modeling results as well as other relevant spatial information (such as roads, urban areas, landuse etc.,) in an interactive and user friendly way. The data has been collected from variousstakeholder agencies including related government line departments such as CWC, WRD (Bihar and


43

Odisha), NRSC, SOI, Census of India, IMD and other data generated during field surveys. Thus,collected data has been collated and organized as a database and presented in a CD-ROM along withthe QGIS based IFMIS. It is expected that this CD-ROM would act as a single source of information forboth the basins and could be accessed by all interested user groups. This will not-only facilitate theuser groups to perform the analysis for various scenarios individually, but also help them in savingthe time for input data collection. These CD-ROMs have been handed over to CWC and ADB, andthey may like to update the CD-ROM with the processed data and risk scenarios. The same may beintegrated with the existing systems such as WRIS/ FMIS.


44

Chapter 5 Data Limitations

The following data limitations have been observed in the present study-

· Higher resolution (sub-meter or 1 meter resolution) DEM such as LiDAR DEM would be goodto produce much detailed analysis using SOBEK platform

· Hydro-meteorological data for the basin area that falls within Nepal are not available

· The engineering drawings available from WRD Bihar could not be used due to dataconversion issues (without coordinates)

· Village boundary data is not available for the study area, hence the exposure datadevelopment has been carried out at taluka level

· The exposure data has been developed at aggregated level not site-specific level. This meanswe have assumed that the exposure elements (assets and population) are uniformlydistributed over an administrative unit. However, in reality, the exposure elements are oftenfound to be present in certain pockets rather than throughout the area. The higherresolution data can be added in the IFMIS developed for this study

· Many of the infrastructure data layers are not available; however they can be added later onas the IFMIS developed can include these new/ updated data at later stage

· The crop and livestock data are available at district level; crop data at village level or at leastat taluka level could have been good to analyze flooding

· It has been observed that there is some inconsistency in the Census data. For example, inthe Census data table, the total number of households provided in the column of totalhousehold is not matching with the total numbers summed up based on Census householdswith electricity connections or toilets. Here, the total number of the later is exceeding theformer. The team has tried to fill these gaps during the field survey and FGD whereverpossible.

· Since Burhi Gandak basin is classified in nature, the data was not handled by the consultants.However, the data handling has been taken care by CWC in their system during modelingexercise.

· The existing gauge stations of the CWC has been used in the modeling with available 3 – 7stations only; however, if the data network had been more in number and well distributedspatially, that would have increased the accuracy of the validation and in case futurescenarios, the model efficient could have been more accurate/ robust.


45

References

Sanyal, J. Carbonneau, P, & Densmore, A.L. (2013). Hydraulic routing of extreme floods in a large ungaugedriver and the estimation of associated uncertainties: a case study of the Damodar River, India. NaturalHazards, 66 (2). Pp. 1153-1177.

http://censusindia.gov.in/

http://censusindia.gov.in/


A-1

Annex 1: Detailed hazard data inventory sheets

Table 5-1: Detailed hazard data inventory sheet for the BB basin, Odisha

Sr.No. Data Type Sub-DataType Sources Coverage Current Status of Data Data receiving

Date

Types(point/poly/polyline/img

etc.)

Values(numerical/cl

asses)

HorizontalResolution

VerticalResoluti

on

TimeSeries

Special Note onData/ Certification

1 Digital ElevationModel (DEM) - HighResolution

NRSC/RRSC/SRSC/WRIS/ORSAC

Entire Basin SRTM 90m data afterapplying appropriateenhancement techniques(e.g. toposheet spotheights) to be used forhydraulic modeling. Team isalso processing the SRTM30m DEM data publishedrecently for their usability inthis project- Completed byAlternative Approaches

March 2015.SRTM 90m and30m dataavailable forthe study area.This has beenimproved

Grid (Raster) Elevationvalues

90m / 30 m 8-10m Data improved usingGoogle Earth andfield topographicsurvey data

2 Tidal Data HourlyGauge data

SOI ParadeepPort

Data received and analyzed. April-2015

3 Embankment Lines WRDOdishaJointDirector,FMIS, WRIS

Worked by Google Earthand Field TopographicSurvey data

May-15 Data improved usingGoogle Earth andfield topographicsurvey data

4 EmbankmentMaintenanceSchedules

FM Expert is working tocollect the data

Mid July 2015 data yet to bereceived

5 History ofEmbankmentBreaches

Same as above Mid July-2015 data yet to bereceived

6 Gridded RainfallDataset

IMD(ObtainedthroughCWC)

WholeBasin

Collected Mid January-2015

On 1 0

(1951 to2007) andon 0.50 0

(1971 to2007)

received

7 Rainfall DailyRainfall

IMD Keonjhahar received Mar-15 Time series numerical 1969 to2010

received by CWC


A-2


Date


etc.)

Values(numerical/cl

asses)


VerticalResoluti

on

TimeSeries



IMD Ranchi(A) received Time series numerical 1969 to2009

received by CWC


IMD Patna received Time series numerical 1978 to2010

received by CWC


IMD Angul received Time series numerical 1969 to2009

received by CWC


IMD Muzaffarpur

received Time series numerical 1969 to2012

received by CWC


IMD Jharsuguda received Time series numerical 1969 to2012

received by CWC


IMD Time series numerical 1969 to2012


IMD Time series numerical 1969 to2012

received by CWC


CWC Champua Received and analyzing Mar-15 Time series numerical 2000-2010

received by CWC


CWC Kenduhar Received and analyzing Mar-15 Time series numerical 2000-2009

received by CWC


CWC Swampatana

Received and analyzing Mar-15 Time series numerical 2000-2009

received by CWC


CWC AnandpurBarrage


received in CWC


CWC AkhuapadaAnicut


received in CWC


CWC Jaraikela Received and analyzing Mar-15 Time series numerical 1990 to2013

received by CWC


CWC Tilga Received and analyzing Mar-15 Time series numerical 1990 to2013

received in CWC


CWC Altuma Received and analyzing Mar-15 Time series numerical 1992 to2013

received in CWC


CWC Bolani Received and analyzing Mar-15 Time series numerical 1990 to2005

received in CWC


CWC Gomlai Received and analyzing Mar-15 Time series numerical 1990 to2013

received in CWC


CWC Talcher Received and analyzing Mar-15 Time series numerical 1990 to2013

received in CWC


CWC Panposh Received and analyzing Mar-15 Time series numerical 1990 to2013

received in CWC


CWC Jenapur Received and analyzing Mar-15 Time series numerical 1990 to2013

received in CWC


A-3


Date


etc.)

Values(numerical/cl

asses)


VerticalResoluti

on

TimeSeries



CWC Rengali Received and analyzing Mar-15 Time series numerical 1990 to2012

received in CWC

29 location andelevation rainfallstations

CWC Received Mar-15 point received in CWC

30 Discharge DailyDischargeData andhourlyGauge datain theperiodfrom Juneto October

WRD ofOdishaGovernment

All thestationsmaintainedby OdishaGovernment

Received and analyzing Mar-15 Time series numerical As peravailability

received by CWC

31 Discharge DailyDischargeData

WRIS/CWC Altuma(EBA0013)

Received and analyzing Sep-14 Time series numerical 1990-2012

received in CWC


WRIS/CWC Anandpur Received and analyzing Sep-14 Time series numerical 1980-2012

received in CWC


WRIS/CWC Champua(EC000r5)


received in CWC


WRIS/CWC Gomlai(EB000W3)


received in CWC


WRIS/CWC Jareikela(EBJ0005)


received in CWC


WRIS/CWC Jenapur(EB000G6)


received in CWC


WRIS/CWC Panposh(EB000H6)


received in CWC


WRIS/CWC Talcher(EB000W5)


received in CWC

39 Discharge DailyDischarge

WRIS/CWC Tilga(EBI00L3)


received in CWC


A-4


Date


etc.)

Values(numerical/cl

asses)


VerticalResoluti

on

TimeSeries


Data40 location and zero

datum of gaugesCWC Received Sep-14 Point and

Tablenumerical 1978 to

2012received in CWC

41 Cross sections atgauge stations

CWC Gaugestations

Received Sep-14 Table numerical 1990 to2012

received in CWC

42 Water level HourlyGauge dataduringFloodSeason(June-October)

ERD/CWC Altuma Received and analyzing Sep-14 Time series numerical 1990 to2012

received in CWC


Bolani Received and analyzing Sep-14 Time series 1978 to2012

received in CWC


Gomlai Received and analyzing Sep-14 Time series 1972 to2012

received in CWC


Talcher Received and analyzing Sep-14 Time series 1979 to2012

received in CWC


Panposh Received and analyzing Sep-14 Time series 1972-2012

received in CWC


A-5


Date


etc.)

Values(numerical/cl

asses)


VerticalResoluti

on

TimeSeries



Jenapur Received and analyzing Sep-14 Time series 1979-2012

received in CWC

48 Discharge Daily Gaugedata duringFloodSeason

RengaliDam Site

Received and analyzing Sep-14 Time series 1977-2012

received in CWC

49 Discharge FloodSeason(June toOctober)HourlyInflows into the DamReservoirfor thefollowingfloodevents

WRD/OdishaGovernment

RengaliDamReservoir

Received and analyzing Sep-14 Time series 1988-2012

received in CWC

50 Discharge andWater levels

DailyReservoirbalancingdata


RengaliDamReservoir

Received Sep-14 Time series 1988-2012

received in CWC

51 water levels MonthlyMaximumandMinimumLevels


RengaliDamReservoir

Received Sep-14 Time series 1988 to2012

received in CWC

52 River Gauge Dataduring the recentflood of 2014(Baitarani Basin)

WRD, Govt.of Odisha

Champua(BaitaraniBasin)

Received Sep-14 Time series 06/08/2014 to31/08/2014

received

53 River Gauge Dataduring the recentflood of 2014(Baitarani Basin)

WRD, Govt.of Odisha

Anandapur(BaitaraniBasin)


received in CWC

54 River Gauge Data WRD, Govt. Akhupada Received Sep-14 Time series 06/08/2 received in CWC


A-6


Date


etc.)

Values(numerical/cl

asses)


VerticalResoluti

on

TimeSeries


during the recentflood of 2014(Baitarani Basin)

of Odisha (BaitaraniBasin)

014 to31/08/2014

55 River Gauge Dataduring the recentflood of 2014(Brahmani Basin)

WRD, Govt.of Odisha

Panposh(BrahmaniBasin)


received in CWC


WRD, Govt.of Odisha

Rengali(BrahmaniBasin)


received in CWC


WRD, Govt.of Odisha

Talcher(BrahmaniBasin)


received in CWC


WRD, Govt.of Odisha

Jenapur(BrahmaniBasin)


received in CWC


WRD, Govt.of Odisha

Indupur(BrahmaniBasin)


received in CWC

60 Reservoir levelsinflows andoutflows during therecent flood inOdisha

WRD, Govt.of Odisha

RengaliDamReservoir


received

61 Daily wind speed,Pan evaporation,Pan watertemperature datafor Baitarani Basin


Anandpur Received Sep-14 monthlymeans

Feb.1991 toFeb.2014

received in CWC

62 rating curves SpillwayRatingTable


RengaliDamReservoir

Received Sep-14 rating curve one set received in CWC

63 Geometry of RengaliReservoir

Elevation-CapacityRelation

WRD/OdishaGovernmen

RengaliDamReservoir

Received Sep-14 curve one set received in CWC


A-7


Date


etc.)

Values(numerical/cl

asses)


VerticalResoluti

on

TimeSeries


Table t64 Operation rules Operating

rules ofRengaliDam


RengaliDamReservoir

Received and analyzing Sep-14 tables received in CWC

65 Structures in theriver system andmain tributaries

location WRD/OdishaGovernment

received Sep-14 Point andTable

numerical one setfor eachstructure

received in CWC


dimensions WRD/OdishaGovernment

Not yet received mid July 2015 Point andTable


not received


operatingrules

WRDOdishaJointDirector,FMIS, WRIS

RengaliDam

received Mar-15 Point andTable


received in CWC

68 Longitudinalinformation ofirrigation,embankments, androads

Longitudinalinformationon crestlevel, fullsupplylevel, bedlevel andsurrounding terrainlevel.

WRDOdishaJointDirector,FMIS, WRIS

embankments

Computed by alternativeApproaches

May-16 Line and Table numerical Made data byalternativeapproaches for to beused in the Modeling

69 Flood Extent fromSatellite Images

Received May-15 received in CWC andGIS unit

70 River Shape file Computed by alternativeApproaches

May-15 made ready for usein Modeling

71 Mean Discharge,Brahmani/Odisha(Water Year Book)

10-dailyandmonthlymeandischarges

WRD,Government of Odisha

Altuma Received Feb-15 Microsoft-Excel/Softcopy

1990-91to 2011-12

received in CWC

72 Mean Discharge,Brahmani/Odisha

10-dailyand

WRD,Governmen

Gomlai Received Feb-15 Microsoft-Excel/Soft

1979-80to 2011-

received in CWC


A-8


Date


etc.)

Values(numerical/cl

asses)


VerticalResoluti

on

TimeSeries


(Water Year Book) monthlymeandischarges

t of Odisha copy 12




Jaraikela Received Feb-15 Microsoft-Excel/Softcopy

1972-73to 2011-12

received in CWC




Jenapur Received Feb-15 Microsoft-Excel/Softcopy

1979-80to 2011-12

received in CWC




Panposh Received Feb-15 Microsoft-Excel/Softcopy

1996-97to 2011-12

data received in CWC




Talcher Received Feb-15 Microsoft-Excel/Softcopy

1985-86to 1996-97

received in CWC

77 Monthly MeanDischarge,Brahmani/Odisha(Water Year Book)

Monthlymeans, 50,75 and 25%dependabledischarges


At Altuma,Gomlai,Jaraikela,Jenapur,Panposh,Talcher andTilgastations

Received Feb-15 Microsoft-Excel/Softcopy

received in cwc

Data quality anddetails are notverified by GIS team/RMSI

78 Mean SedimentLoad,Brahmani/Odisha(Water Year Book)

10-dailyandmonthlymeansedimentload


Gomlai Received Feb-15 Microsoft-Excel/Softcopy

1980-81to 2011-12

received in CWC


10-dailyandmonthlymean


Jeraikela Received Feb-15 Microsoft-Excel/Softcopy

1987-88to 2002-03

received in CWC


A-9


Date


etc.)

Values(numerical/cl

asses)


VerticalResoluti

on

TimeSeries


sedimentload




Jenapur Received Feb-15 Microsoft-Excel/Softcopy

1981-82to 2011-12

received in CWC





1997-98to 2011-12

received in CWC





1987-88to 1995-96

received in CWC




Tilga Received Feb-15 Microsoft-Excel/Softcopy

1980-81to 2011-12

received in CWC

84 Annual WaterQuality,Brahmani/Odisha(Water Year Book)

AnnualWaterQualityDataSummary


Gomlai Received Feb-15 Microsoft-Excel/Softcopy

1990 to2011

received in CWC




Jeraikela Received Feb-15 Microsoft-Excel/Softcopy

1990 to2011

received in CWC




Kamalanga Received Feb-15 Microsoft-Excel/Softcopy

1990 to2011

received in CWC


A-10


Date


etc.)

Values(numerical/cl

asses)


VerticalResoluti

on

TimeSeries






1990 to2011

received in CWC





1990 to2011

received in CWC




Tilga Received Feb-15 Microsoft-Excel/Softcopy

1990 to2011

received in CWC




Nandina Received Feb-15 Microsoft-Excel/Softcopy

1990 to2011

received in CWC




RSP Nala Received Nov-14 Microsoft-Excel/Softcopy

1990 to2011

received in CWC

92 Annual Maximumand MinimumDischarges

AnnualMaximumandMinimumDischarges


Gomlai Received Nov-14 Microsoft-Excel/Softcopy

1979-80to 2010-11

received in CWC




Jeraikela Received Nov-14 Microsoft-Excel/Softcopy

1972-73to 2010-11

received in CWC




Altuma Received Nov-14 Microsoft-Excel/Softcopy

1993-94to 2010-11

received in CWC


A-11


Date


etc.)

Values(numerical/cl

asses)


VerticalResoluti

on

TimeSeries





Panposh Received Nov-14 Microsoft-Excel/Softcopy

1987-88to 2010-11

received in CWC




Talcher Received Nov-14 Microsoft-Excel/Softcopy

1986-87to 1996-97

received in CWC




Tilga Received Nov-14 Microsoft-Excel/Softcopy

1980-81to 2010-11

received in CWC




Jenapur Received Nov-14 Microsoft-Excel/Softcopy

1980-81to 2010-11

received in CWC

99 Baitarani/Odisha(Water Year Book)

10-dailyandmonthlymeandischarges;50, 75 and25%;discharges;andmaximumandminimumdischarges


Anandpur Received Nov-14 Microsoft-Excel/Softcopy

1972-73to 2012-13

received in CWC


10-dailyandmonthlymeandischarges;50, 75 and25%;discharges;


JChampua Received Nov-14 Microsoft-Excel/Softcopy

1990-91to 2012-13

received in CWC


A-12


Date


etc.)

Values(numerical/cl

asses)


VerticalResoluti

on

TimeSeries


andmaximumandminimumdischarges


WaterQualitydata



1990 to2011

received in CWC


WaterQualitydata



1990 to2011

received in CWC


10-daily/monthlysedimentload



1972-73to 2012-13

received in CWC





2001-02to 2012-13 2011

received in CWC




Tikarapara Received Nov-14 Microsoft-Excel/Softcopy

1973-74to 2012-13

received in CWC


AnnualmaximumandMinimumDischarges



1972-73to 2010-11

received in CWC


AnnualmaximumandMinimumDischarges



1991-92to 2010-11

received in CWC

108 Daily gauges andDischarges

Dailygauges andDischarges


Akupada Received Nov-14 Achievefile/soft copy

June toSeptember2014

received in CWC


A-13

Table 5-2: Detailed hazard data inventory sheet for the BG basin, Bihar

Sr.No. Data Type Sub-Data

Type Sources Coverage Current Status ofData

DataReceiving

Date

Data Gaps(entity/attributes

still pending)File Name

Types(point/poly/Polyline/img

etc.)

Values(numerical/classes)


VerticalResoluti

on

TimeSeries

Special Note onData/

Certification

1

DigitalElevationModel(DEM) -HighResolution

NRSC/RRSC/SRSC/WRIS/FMIS Bihar

Entire Basin

Data worked outbased on GoogleEarth and Fieldsurveys and RMSI in-house data

May-15

Data gaps filledby Google Earthand fieldtopographicsurvey data

Grid (Raster) Elevationvalues

90m/ 30m 8-10m

The SRTM 30mdata hasreviewed fortheir usability inthis project

2Embankme

nt Lines

WRD

Entire Basin


May-15

The team, afterdiscussion withthe state FMexperts andModelingAdvisor, capturedthe embankmentdetails usingGoogle earthimageries. Thisdata has beenshared with theFM experts andthey havereviewed inconsultation withState WRD.

BG_Emb_GCS_WGS84

Shape file(.shp)

The team, afterdiscussion with

the state FMexperts and

ModelingAdvisor,

captured theembankmentdetails usingGoogle earth

imageries. Thisdata has been

shared with theFM experts and

they havereviewed inconsultation

with State WRD.

data by FMExpert-Bihar

BURHIGANDAKKHAG. RIGHT, LEFT


May-15

BURHIGANDAKKHAG.RIGHT ,LEFT Excel (.xls)


BURHIGANDAKLEFT ,RIGHTSAMASTIPUR


May-15

BURHIGANDAKLEFT,RIGHTSAMASTIPUR Excel (.xls)


BURHIGANDAK RT


May-15 BURHIGANDAKRT. MZ. Excel (.xls)


LS TILAWAY


May-15LSTILAWAY Excel (.xls)


SIKRAHNALEFT ,RIGHT


May-15 SIKRAHNA LEFT,RIGHT Excel (.xls)

WRD Bihar_Mfpur Data worked out May-15 Bihar_Mf Word


A-14



DataReceiving

Date




etc.)



VerticalResoluti

on

TimeSeries


Certification

_Canal&Embankment

based on GoogleEarth and Fieldsurveys and RMSI in-house data

pur_Canal&Embankment

Document(.doc)

FMIS

BurhiGandakAther-Bhawanipur


May-15

BurhiGandak-Ather-Bhawanipur-3May2013

Image File(.jpg)

FMIS

BurhiGandak-Bhawanipur-Bhith sluice


May-15

BurhiGandak-Bhawanipur-Bhithsluice-3May2013

Image File(.jpg)

FMIS

BurhiGandak-Bhawanipur-Bhith sluice


May-15

BurhiGandak-Bhawanipur-Bhithsluice-3May2013

Image File(.jpg)

FMIS

BurhiGandak-Harsher-Ather


May-15

BurhiGandak-Harsher-Ather-16Apr2013

Image File(.jpg)

FMIS

BurhiGandakSemra-chakia


May-15

BurhiGandakSemra-chakia-16Apr2013

Image File(.jpg)

3

EmbankmentMaintenance

WRD Entire Basin

Data available withthree district levelchief engineer'soffice- Motihari,

mid July2015 Being collected


A-15



DataReceiving

Date




etc.)



VerticalResoluti

on

TimeSeries


Certification

Schedules Muzaffarpur andSamastipur. OurBihar FM expert isworking on collectingthe data

4History ofEmbankment Breaches

WRD Entire Basin

Partial detail hasbeen collected forthe reach under thecontrol of the ChiefEngineer,Muzaffarpur, WRD.For other reaches thedata is being pursuedand collected by thelocal FM expert

mid July2015 Being collected

5GriddedRainfallDataset


Whole Basin Received Received inJanuary-2015

Al data collected

6

RainfallDailyrainfall

CWC

Ahirwalia

Received Dec-14 Time series numerical

15-06-2000 to31-10-2007

Al data collected

7

RainfallDailyrainfall

CWC

Champatia


15-06-2000 to10-10-2008

Al data collected

8

RainfallDailyrainfall CWC

Khagaria


15-06-2000 to18-10-2013

Al data collected

9


LalbhagiaGhat Received Dec-14 Time series numerical

15-06-2000 to18-10-2013

Al data collected

11


Simra


15-06-2000 to16-10-2013

Al data collected

12 Rainfall Daily CWC Samastipur Received Dec-14 Time series numerical 15-06- Al data collected


A-16



DataReceiving

Date




etc.)



VerticalResoluti

on

TimeSeries


Certification

rainfall 2000 to18-10-2013

13


Sikanderpur


15-06-2000 to18-10-2013

Al data collected

14

locationandelevation ofrainfallstations

Elevation CWC

Stations inthe basin

Received Dec-14 Point

one timerecord

Al data collected

15Rainfall Daily

rainfall IMDMuzaffarpur

Received Mar-15 Time series numerical1969 to

2009Al data collected

16 Rainfall Dailyrainfall

IMD Patna (A) Received Mar-15 Time series numerical 1969 to2009

Al data collected

17

Discharge DailyDischargeData andhourlyGaugedata inthe periodfrom JunetoOctober

CWC Champatia

Received Jan-15 Time series numerical

30 to 40years

Al data collected

18Discharge

as aboveCWC Lalbegiaghat

Received Jan-15 Time series numerical30 to 40

yearsAl data collected

19 Discharge as above CWC Ahirwalia Received Jan-15 Time series numerical 30 to 40years

Al data collected

20Discharge

as aboveCWC Sikanderpur



21 Discharge as above CWC Samastipur Received Jan-15 Time series numerical 30 to 40years

Al data collected

22Discharge

as aboveCWC Rusera



23 Discharge as above CWC Khagaria Received Jan-15 Time series numerical 30 to 40years

Al data collected

24 Discharge as above CWC Munger Received Jan-15 Time series numerical 30 to 40years

Al data collected


A-17



DataReceiving

Date




etc.)



VerticalResoluti

on

TimeSeries


Certification

25

Discharge

as above

WRD/FMSIof Bihar

Government

All thestations

maintainedby Bihar

Government


As peravailabilit

y All possible datacollected

26 Water level

Daily data(yearround)andhourlyGaugedataduringFloodSeason(June-October)

CWC Champatia

Received Dec-14 Time series Numerical

1958 to2006-water

level and2005 to

2013hourlygauges

Alldata collected

27 Water level as above CWC Lalbegiaghat Received Dec-14 Time series numerical as above Alldata collected28 Water level as above CWC Ahirwalia Received Dec-14 time series numerical as above Alldata collected29 Water level as above CWC Sikanderpur Received Dec-14 time series numerical as above Alldata collected30 Water level as above CWC Samastipur Received Dec-14 rime series numerical as above Alldata collected31 Water level as above CWC Rusera Received Dec-14 Time series numerical as above Alldata collected32 Water level as above CWC Khagaria Received Dec-14 Time series numerical as above Alldata collected

33 Water level as above

CWC Munger

Received Jan-15 Time series numerical

Intermittently in

theperiod

1958 to2013

Alldata collected

34 WaterLevel

Once dailygaugedata

WRD, Bihar Bayatributory of

Gandak-Site:Godia:

period 2000to 2006

Received Oct-14 broken timeseries

numerical

2006

All availabledata collected

35 WaterLevel

Once dailygaugedata

WRD, Bihar BurhiGandak:Site-Daisinghsarai;peiro-2000

to 2006

Received Oct-14 time series numerical

2000-2006 All available

data collected


A-18



DataReceiving

Date




etc.)



VerticalResoluti

on

TimeSeries


Certification

36WaterLevel

Once dailygaugedata

WRD, Bihar BurhiGandak

Site:DadaulGhat

Period:2000to 2006

Received Oct-14 Time series Numerical

2000-2006

All availabledata collected

37

Crosssections atgaugestations

CWC Gaugestations Received

Jun-14 Table numerical one set All datacollected

38

Structuresin the riversystem andmaintributaries

location,dimensions andoperatingrules ifany

CE office,Muzaffarpur

Entire Basin

Received

Jun-14 Point andTable

numerical one set collected

39

Longitudinalinformationofirrigation,embankments, androads

Longitudinalinformation oncrestlevel, fullsupplylevel, bedlevel andsurrounding terrainlevel.

WRD/Bihar

Received

Jun-14 Line andTable

numerical one set collected

40

FloodExtent fromSatelliteImages

FloodInundation Maps

WRD/NRSC Received Jul-14 map one set collected

41

Windspeed,evaporation andtemperature

DailyWindSpeed,PanEvaporation andPanTemperature

IMDacquiredthroughCWC

Anandpur

Received Oct-14

Microsoft-Excel/Softcopy

numerical

01-02-1991 to28-02-2014

collected


A-19



DataReceiving

Date




etc.)



VerticalResoluti

on

TimeSeries


Certification

42Canalnetwork

CanalNetworkPolylineindicatingthe canalnetwork

FMIS WRD,Government of Bihar

Basin as awhole Received july-2-014

polyline One timerecord

collected

43Riversystem

Riversystemincludingtributariesand localdrainagessystem-shape file


Basin as awhole Received Jul-14

maps/lines One timerecord

collected

44Landuse/LandCover data

FMIS/AgricultureDept


Basin as awhole

Received Jul-14maps/lines one time

recordcollected

45Floodextentmaps

FloodExtentMapscoveringdifferentareas indifferentperiods


Basin as awhole

Received July-2-014

maps/imageries

0ne timerecord

collected

46 RailNetwork

details ofeastingrailroutes/networks



maps one timerecord

collected

50Block anddistrictboundaries

administrativeboundaries



maps latestavailable

record

collected

Documents

Operational Research to Support Mainstreaming of ...nwm.gov.in/sites/default/files/std_Phase2/Vol 4 Data Compendium Report... · Cross section survey in Brahmani-Baitarani basin