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Aix-en-Provence 10th - 11th April 2013,
France
Operations Aspects in the Republic of Macedonia
Nikola Nikolov, PhD Regional South East Europe / Caucasus Fire Monitoring Center
C/o Faculty of Forestry, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje
Directorate for protection and rescue
• The Republic of Macedonia is situated in the central part of the Balkan Peninsula. The distance from the Aegean sea is approx. 60 km and from the Adriatic see approx. 80 km.
• Neighbouring countries:
- on the west, Albania
- on the south, Greece
- on the east, Bulgaria
- on the north, Serbia
• Population: 1,945,932 (1994)
• Total area: 25,713 km2
2 zonal climates: mediterranean and temperate-eastern continental Temperature: mean annual : 10,52 oC abs.max: + 45,9 oC abs.min.: -31,5 oC Precipitations: annual - 661,36 mm summer period – 127.84 mm
C L I M A T E
Forest and forest land - 1 140 000 ha (unpublished data)
- covered with forest - 87.4%
- forest land - 12.6 %
- in state property - 89%
- in private property - 11%
FOREST AREA [ha]
Although it is relatively small in the territory it is nevertheless characterized by a
very heterogeneous climate, orography and vegetation.
From the climatic and phytocenological aspect the following climate-vegetation
zones can be differentiated in the Republic of Macedonia:
1. Submediteranian region - ass Querco-Carpinetum orientalis Oberdemend Ht.
2. Continental- Submediteranian region - ass Querco-Carpinetum orientalis macedonicum Rudski apud Ht.
3. Warm continental region - ass Quercetum frainetto-cerris macedonicum Oberd Emend Ht.
4. Cold continental region - ass Orno-Quercetum petraeae Em.
5. Submountainous region
- ass Festuco heterophylle-Fagetum Em.
6. High continental mountainous region - ass Calamintho grandiflorae-Fagetum Em.
7. Subalpine mountainous region - ass Fagetum subalpinum scardo pindicum Em.
- ass Picetum subalpinum scardicum Em.
- ass Myrtillo-Pinetum pencis subass. Subalpinum Em.
- ass Pinetum mudhi macedonicum Em.
- ass Junipero-Bruckentalium Ht.
8. Alpine mountainous region - grass associations above 2 250 m a.s.l.
Hydrography Rivers - 35 Natural lakes - 3 Reservoirs - > 125
2012 – Four fatalities
Forest fires Year Number
of fires
Burned area
(ha)
Burned timber
mass (m3)
Suppression
fees (euro)
Total fees
(euro)
1999 69 2 414,80 1 950,0 32 512,00 372 .921
2000 476 46 235,73 711 782,00 976 142,00 15. 642. 775
2001 161 6 263,30 88 260,00 66 810,81 9. 851. 849
2002 65 1 186,30 24 661,28 15 193,10 298. 902
2003 144 1 068,88 10 987,00 44 607,87 251. 527
2004 94 892,05 4 322,30 23 214,55 1. 469. 090
2005 182 1 368,00 1 063,00 42 018, 11 411 .181
2006 138 2 085,95 12 978,00 45 311,20 2. 437. 914
2007 652 35 248,6 617 678,67 386 852,46 21. 494. 700
2008 323 10 143,1 53 055,6 96 278,69 4. 612. 377
2009 38 197,00 756,50 313,627.00 5.812.889
2010 64 1,112.50 5 000,00 985.455.00 90.000
2011 390 20 856,8 65 042,8 400 153,00 1 .719 . 105
2012 385 19964,9 155 126,00 410 323,00 4.248.828
Total 2 791 128 181,1 1 687 620.35 3 438 345.79 66. 994. 953
Average 199,4 9 155,8 120 544.3 245 596,12 4. 785. 353
Country Aircrafts engaged
domestic received assistance
Albania 2 – airplanes AN-2 2 – helicopters
Armenia
Azarbedjan
Bosnia and Hrzegovina
Bulgaria 1 - Il-76
Croatia 4- CL-415
1- AT
6-helicopters (Mi-8)
Greece 23- airplanes
18 - helicopters
Macedonia
1- airplane (Zlin 242 L)
3- airplanes (AN-2)
2- helicopters ( Mi-17)
1- helicopter ()
2- airplanes ( CL-415, 32)
2 – helicopters ( 412 and UH 1D)
Romania
Serbia 1- Il-76
Slovenia
Turkey 20-airplanes
29-helicopters
Ukraine 1-airplane (AN-32)
1-helicopter (Mi-2)
Total 27-aireplanes
37-helicopters
27-airplanes
22-helicopters
Mi-17 (3)
Mi- 8 (3)
Bambi Buckets: 3 - 2,0 t 2 - 2,5 t 1 – 3,0 t
Mi-171 (1)
Ministry of internal affairs
Department of aviation activities (DAA)
Protection and rescue directorate Government of the Republic of Macedonia
• 3 Airplanes AT-802A FIRE BOSS
DAA was established on 01st of February 2010
Equipped with Wipline 10000 amphibious floats by Wipaire Inc.
DAA Personnel:
– 6 Pilots,
– 2 Aviation engineers
– 2 Coordinators
– 4 Maintenance technicians
– 2 Administrators
Position of DAA in the organizational structure of DPR
Director General
Sector for
common
affairs
Sector for
analysis and
development
Sector for
planning,
organization and
implementation
of measures
for protection
and rescue
and training
Sector
for
operation
and
logistics
Department
for
inspection
Aerial
Work
Aviation
Department
Deputy director
Department of aviation activities
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE DAA
Chief of AWAD
Pilots Department
Maintenance Department
Coordinators
Deputy Administrator
DAA
Trainings For Pilots: 1. Como – Italy, from 14.04 to 03.05.2010 2. Valencia – Spain, from 03.05 to 17.05.2010 3. Skopje Airport – Macedonia, from 10.06 to 14.06.2010 4. Ohrid Lake – Macedonia, from 16.06. to 23.06.2010 For Technical staff: 1. Valencia – Spain , from 25.04. to 09.05.2010
Engagement of the aerial forces
-2010-
Number of forest fires: 64 Number of flights: 142 / 40:25 h Water dropped: 338 t Number of fires/locations treated: 9
-2011-
Number of forest fires: 390 Number of flights: 626 / 250:45 h Water dropped: 1565 t Number of fires/locations treated: 20
-2012-
Number of forest fires: 385 Number of flights: 1248 / 465 h Water dropped: 3120 t Number of fires/locations treated: 29
Positive experiences:
1. Well trained and experienced pilots and coordinators;
2. High efficiency in case of short distance from the fire to water supply reservoir (lake); 3. High efficiency in case of early phase of the forest fires (on the beginning of the fires - initial attack); 4. High efficiency in case of well coordinated action with ground forces.
Negative experiences:
1. Insufficient number of pilots and airplanes; - 2012: Landing without properly set up wheels and damaging of the airplane during water filling from the lake.
2. Low efficiency in case of long distance from the fire to water supply reservoir (lake);
3. There is no trained ground staff (fire fighters) for joint action; 4. Low efficiency in case of bad coordinated action with ground forces; 5. Lack of the training for the coordinators and pilots (forest fire behavior); 6. The role of the airplanes in the system of forest fire protection is not clear and defined; 7. There is no assessment and analysis after the fire/s and fire season; 8. UXO
Thanks for your attention!