Upload
others
View
9
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Opportunities for New Physics searches with exotic atoms and molecules
Ronald Fernando Garcia RuizCERN/MIT
New Physics on the Low-Energy Precision Frontier
CERN, Geneva 2020
10
th A
pri
l 2
01
3
2
HIA
S2
013
, A
ust
ralia
J. Billowes, C. Binnersley, A. Brinson, T.E. Cocolios, B. Cooper, K.T. Flanagan, S. Franchoo, V. Fedosseev, B.A. Marsh, M. Bissell, R.P. De Groote, R.F. Garcia Ruiz, A. Koszorus, G. Neyens, H. Perrett, F. Parnefjord Gustafsson, C. Ricketts, H.H. Stroke, S.M. Udrescu, A. Vernon, K. Wendt, S. Wilkins, X. Yang, …...
CRIS Collaboration
Thanks to...
ISOLTRAP (F. Wienholtz) , ) , RILIS (S. Wilkins, K. Chrysalidis)
Target group (S. Rothe), ISOLDE Technical group
Nuclear theory: W. Nazarewicz (FRIB/MSU), P.-G. Reinhard ( Erlangen-Nürnberg), G. Hagen (ORNL), J. Holt (TRIUMF), ...
Quantum chemistry: R. Berger (U. Marburg, Germany), T. Isaev (PNPI NRCKI, St. Petersburg)
COLLAPS Collaboration
Atoms μ <r r 2> I Qclusters
Neutron matter
single particle
Nuclear(Electromagnetic )
Exotic Atoms & Molecules
● Nuclear force → QCD● Emergence of nuclear phenomena● Understanding of nuclear matter
Atoms
Molecules
μ <r r 2> I Qclusters
Neutron matter
single particle
Nuclear(Electromagnetic ) ● Nuclear force → QCD
● Emergence of nuclear phenomena● Understanding of nuclear matter
● Violation of fundamental symmetries● BSM searches● Dark matter● Matter / Antimatter asymmetry
Exotic Atoms & Molecules
Contents● Precision studies in atoms and molecules
● Nuclear structure / nuclear matter / new forces & particles
● Parity violation
● Parity and time-reversal violation
● First results: RaF
● Summary
Opportunities for New Physics searches with exotic atoms and molecules
Contents● Precision studies in atoms and molecules
● Nuclear structure / nuclear matter / new forces & particles
● Parity violation
● Parity and time-reversal violation
● First results: RaF
● Summary
Opportunities for New Physics searches with exotic atoms and molecules
Why exotic atoms/molecules?
● Large Z, A● Nuclear spins● Isotopic chains ● Octupole deformation
Precision studies in atoms and molecules
e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- Ae
VN
Ve
Ae
Ae
Ae
~ Z 2A2/3R(Z)x 105~ Z 3x 10N
P- violation
AtomsMolecules
Nuclear structure
μ <r r 2> I Q
[Safronova et al. Rev. Mod. Phys. 90, 025008 (2018)]
Precision studies in atoms and molecules
e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- Ae
VN
Ve
Ae
Ae
Ae
~ Z 2A2/3R(Z)x 105~ Z 3x 10N
P- violation
AtomsMolecules
EDM Sschiff MQM
Nuclear structure
P,T- violation
~Z2 R(Z)
> 103 (> 105 Octupole )
AtomsS ~ Q2Q
3 Z A2/3 /(E
+ - E
-)
Molecules
μ <r r 2> I Q
Best of all worlds → Radioactive molecules containing heavy and octupole deformed nuclei
Precision studies in atoms and molecules
e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- Ae
VN
Ve
Ae
Ae
Ae
~ Z 2A2/3R(Z)x 105~ Z 3x 10N
P- violation
AtomsMolecules
EDM Sschiff MQM
Nuclear structure
P,T- violation
~Z2 R(Z)
> 103 (> 105 Octupole )
AtomsS ~ Q2Q
3 Z A2/3 /(E
+ - E
-)
Molecules
μ <r r 2> I Qe- e-
Contents● Precision studies in atoms and molecules
● Nuclear structure / nuclear matter / new forces & particles
● Parity violation
● Parity and time-reversal violation
● First results: RaF
● Summary
How do we create and study exotic atoms/molecules?
Light nucleus
HeavyNuclei
+
A
A+
Production
Selection
Lasers+
Electromagnetic fields
How do we create and study exotic atoms/molecules?
Light nucleus
HeavyNuclei
+
A
A+
Production
Selection
Study Lasers+
Electromagnetic fields
One atom at a time
How do we create and study exotic atoms/molecules?
Light nucleus
HeavyNuclei
+
A
A+
Production
Selection
Study Lasers+
Electromagnetic fields
TRIUMFFRIB
ANL
GANIL
GSICERN
RIKEN
JYK
One atom at a time
Experimental challenges:➢ High selectivity (>1/106) ➢ Short time scales (< 1 s)➢ High efficiency (<100 ions/s) ➢ High precision/resolution (~MHz)
~eV
J’
J
Isotope shift MHz < 10-8eV
{
NuclearAtomic
Electromagnetic structure ● Rms charge radii: <r r 2>
I = 0
Exotic atoms & Nuclear structure
~eV
J’
J
} < 10-6eV
F ‘=I+J ’
F=I+J
co
un
ts
Freq.
Isotope shift
{
{ ~MHz
Electromagnetic structure ● Rms charge radii: <r r 2>● Nuclear spin: I ● Electromagnetic moments: μ● Quadrupole moment : Q
I >0
Atomic hyperfine structure
NuclearAtomic
}
μ <r r 2> I QNuclear
(Electromagnetic )
MHz < 10-8eV
Exotic atoms & Nuclear structure
Ab-initio methodsQMC, GFMC, CC, IMSRG, GGF….
LQCD
Recent results from collinear laser spectroscopy at ISOLDE-CERN
Ab-initio methodsQMC, GFMC, CC, IMSRG, GGF….
PublishedUnpublished
[Phys Rev Lett 116, 182502 (2016)] [Phys Lett B 771, 385 (2017)][Phys Rev C 97 044324 (2018)]...
40-52Ca (Z=20)38-51K (Z=19)50-61Mn (Z=25)44-50Sc (Z=21)52,53K (Z=19)
[Nature Physics 12, 594 (2016)][Phys Rev Lett 113, 052502 (2014)][Phys Rev Lett 110, 172503 (2013)], ......
101-131In (Z=49)103-134Sn (Z=50)112-134Sb (Z=51)
[Phys Rev Lett 121, 102501 (2018)][Phys Rev Lett 116, 032501 (2016)] , ...
100-130Cd (Z=48)
[Phys Rev X 8, 041005 (2018)]
202-231 Fr(Z=87)222-233 Ra(Z=88)
65-80 Zn (Z=30)
56-68Ni (Z=28)68-74Ge (Z=32)
LQCD
[Phys. Rev. Lett 115, 132501 (2015)][Phys. Rev. X 4 (1), 011055 (2014)][Phys Rev. Lett. 111, 212502 (2013)]
Recent results from collinear laser spectroscopy at ISOLDE-CERN
58-78Cu (Z=29) [Accepted in Nature Phys. (2020]
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 192502 (2019)]
40Ca 48Ca 52Ca
An example: exotic calcium isotopes
[Ca: <r2>: Garcia Ruiz et al. Nature Phys. 12, 594 (2016)]
36Ca→<r2> @NSCL
[Miller et al. Nature Phy, 15, 432 (2019)]
52Ca→S2n
@CERN [Wienholtz) , et al. Nature 498, 346 (2013)]
54Ca→E(2+) @RIKEN [Steppenbeck et al. Nature 502, 207(2013)]
Atom Nucleus
40Ca 48Ca 52Ca
An example: exotic calcium isotopes
[Ca: <r2>: Garcia Ruiz et al. Nature Phys. 12, 594 (2016)]
36Ca→<r2> @NSCL
[Miller et al. Nature Phy, 15, 432 (2019)]
52Ca→S2n
@CERN [Wienholtz) , et al. Nature 498, 346 (2013)]
54Ca→E(2+) @RIKEN [Steppenbeck et al. Nature 502, 207(2013)]
Nuclear theory / forces
Atom Nucleus
36Ca→<r2> @NSCL
[Miller et al. Nature Phy, 15, 432 (2019)]
52Ca→S2n
@CERN [Wienholtz) , et al. Nature 498, 346 (2013)]
54Ca→E(2+) @RIKEN [Steppenbeck et al. Nature 502, 207(2013)]
40Ca 48Ca 52Ca
Nuclear charge radii (48Ca): Constrain to properties of nuclear matter
Nuclear theory / forces
[Hagen et al., Nature Physics 12, 186 (2016)]
Atom Nucleus
Neutron-rich nuclei:“Quantum simulators” of neutron starts
An example: exotic calcium isotopes
[Ca: <r2>: Garcia Ruiz et al. Nature Phys. 12, 594 (2016)]
Isotope shifts & “Skins”
“Mirror skin”
“Ne
utr
on
ski
n”
Z = 24, N = 28Z = 28, N = 24
[Brown. PRL 119, 122502 (2017)]
Isotope shifts & “Skins”
“Mirror skin”
“Ne
utr
on
ski
n”
Z = 24, N = 28Z = 28, N = 24
[Brown. PRL 119, 122502 (2017)]
Isotope shifts & “Skins”
“Mirror skin”
“Ne
utr
on
ski
n”
Z = 24, N = 28Z = 28, N = 24
[Brown. PRL 119, 122502 (2017)]
32Si (Z = 14, N = 18) & 32Ar (Z=18, N=14)[Garcia Ruiz, Minamisono et al. NSCL PAC 20002 (2020)]
40Ca 48Ca 52Ca
Atom Nucleus
Isotope shifts & New Physics
[Ca: <r2>: Garcia Ruiz et al. Nature Phys. 12, 594 (2016)]
IS Precision: 150-560 kHz
Atom Nucleus
[Ca: <r2>: Garcia Ruiz et al. Nature Phys. 12, 594 (2016)]
[Berengut et al. Phys Rev Lett 120, 091801 (2018)][Stadnik et al. Phys Rev Lett 120, 223202 (2018)][Flambaum et al. Phys Rev A 97, 032510 (2018)][Frugiuele et al. Phys Rev D 96, 015011 (2017)]
A new force between electrons and nucleons will cause a “King plot” non-linearity
Isotope shifts & New Physics
IS Precision: 150-560 kHz
Atom Nucleus
[Ca: <r2>: Garcia Ruiz et al. Nature Phys. 12, 594 (2016)]
A new force between electrons and nucleons will cause a “King plot” non-linearity
Isotope shifts & New Physics
IS Precision: 150-560 kHz
Sr+ → mHz (Weizmann Institute) [Manovitz et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 203001 (2019)]Yb → < kHz (MIT, V. Vuletic group)
[Berengut et al. Phys Rev Lett 120, 091801 (2018)][Stadnik et al. Phys Rev Lett 120, 223202 (2018)][Flambaum et al. Phys Rev A 97, 032510 (2018)][Frugiuele et al. Phys Rev D 96, 015011 (2017)]
Atom Nucleus
[Ca: <r2>: Garcia Ruiz et al. Nature Phys. 12, 594 (2016)]
A new force between electrons and nucleons will cause a “King plot” non-linearity
Isotope shifts & New Physics
IS Precision: 150-560 kHz
Opportunities with exotic atoms (?):✔ Access to long isotopic chains ✔ Nuclear isomers (M’
A ~ M
A)
✔ Heavy nuclei
Sr+ → mHz (Weizmann Institute) [Manovitz et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 203001 (2019)]Yb → < kHz (MIT, V. Vuletic group)
[Berengut et al. Phys Rev Lett 120, 091801 (2018)][Stadnik et al. Phys Rev Lett 120, 223202 (2018)][Flambaum et al. Phys Rev A 97, 032510 (2018)][Frugiuele et al. Phys Rev D 96, 015011 (2017)]
Contents● Precision studies in atoms and molecules
● Nuclear structure / nuclear matter / new forces & particles
● Parity violation
● Parity and time-reversal violation
● First results: RaF
● Summary
PV → Mix states of different parity
133Cs (Z=55)
s (P-even )
p (P-odd )
Hw7S
1/2 E+
E-
Atoms
Parity violation
[ Wood et al. Science 275, 1759 (1997)][Porsev et al. PRL 102, 181601 (2009)]
QW = –N+(1–4 sin2θW)Z
e- e- Ae
VN
e- e-
~ Z 2A2/3R(Z)
~ Z 3
PV → Mix states of different parity
133Cs (Z=55)
s (P-even )
p (P-odd )
Hw7S
1/2 E+
E-
Atoms
Parity violation
[ Wood et al. Science 275, 1759 (1997)][Porsev et al. PRL 102, 181601 (2009)]
QW = –N+(1–4 sin2θW)Z
e- e- Ae
VN
e- e-
~ Z 2A2/3R(Z)
~ Z 3
[Rev. Mod. Phys. 90, 025008 (2018)]
PV → Mix states of different parity
133Cs (Z=55)
s (P-even )
p (P-odd )
Hw7S
1/2 E+
E-
Atoms
Parity violation
[ Wood et al. Science 275, 1759 (1997)][Porsev et al. PRL 102, 181601 (2009)]
QW = –N+(1–4 sin2θW)Z
e- e- Ae
VN
e- e-
~ Z 2A2/3R(Z)
~ Z 3
[Rev. Mod. Phys. 90, 025008 (2018)]
PV → Mix states of different parity
133Cs (Z=55)
s (P-even )
p (P-odd )
Hw7S
1/2 E+
E-
Atoms
Parity violation
[ Wood et al. Science 275, 1759 (1997)][Porsev et al. PRL 102, 181601 (2009)]
QW = –N+(1–4 sin2θW)Z
e- e- Ae
VN
e- e-
~ Z 2A2/3R(Z)
~ Z 3
[Rev. Mod. Phys. 90, 025008 (2018)]
Yb (Z=70) stable @ Mainz → Isotopic ratios [Nature Phys. 15, 120 (2019)]
PV → Mix states of different parity
133Cs (Z=55)
s (P-even )
p (P-odd )
Hw7S
1/2 E+
E-
Atoms
Parity violation
[ Wood et al. Science 275, 1759 (1997)][Porsev et al. PRL 102, 181601 (2009)]
QW = –N+(1–4 sin2θW)Z
e- e- Ae
VN
e- e-
~ Z 2A2/3R(Z)
~ Z 3
[Rev. Mod. Phys. 90, 025008 (2018)]
Why exotic atoms?
Yb (Z=70) stable @ Mainz → Isotopic ratios [Nature Phys. 15, 120 (2019)]
PV → Mix states of different parity
133Cs (Z=55)
s (P-even )
p (P-odd )
Hw7S
1/2 E+
E-
Atoms
Parity violation
[ Wood et al. Science 275, 1759 (1997)][Porsev et al. PRL 102, 181601 (2009)]
QW = –N+(1–4 sin2θW)Z
e- e- Ae
VN
e- e-
~ Z 2A2/3R(Z)
~ Z 3
Why exotic atoms?
Fr (Z=87) @ TRIUMF
[Zang et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 042501 (2015)][Kalita et al. Phys. Rev. A 97, 042507 (2018)]
PV → Mix states of different parity
133Cs (Z=55)
s (P-even )
p (P-odd )
Hw7S
1/2 E+
E-
Atoms
Parity violation
[ Wood et al. Science 275, 1759 (1997)][Porsev et al. PRL 102, 181601 (2009)]
QW = –N+(1–4 sin2θW)Z
e- e- Ae
VN
e- e-
~ Z 2A2/3R(Z)
~ Z 3
Why exotic atoms?
Molecules Why (exotic) molecules?
PV → Mix states of different parity
133Cs (Z=55)
s (P-even )
p (P-odd )
Hw7S
1/2 E+
E-
Atoms
Parity violation
[ Wood et al. Science 275, 1759 (1997)][Porsev et al. PRL 102, 181601 (2009)]
QW = –N+(1–4 sin2θW)Z
e- e- Ae
VN
e- e-
~ Z 2A2/3R(Z)
~ Z 3
Why exotic atoms?
Molecules Why (exotic) molecules?
✔ ( E+-E
- )~0 About 103 enhancement
✔ Nuclear-Spin-Dependent PV / Anapole moment (BaF)
[Dz) , uba et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 223201 (2017)]
[Altunas et al. Phys Rev Lett 120, 142501 (2018)]
Parity violation
e- e- Ae
VN
e- e-
~ Z 2A2/3R(Z)
~ Z 5
Chiral molecules
[Berger & Stohner. WIREs Comput. Mol. Sci. e1396, 1 (2018)][Laerdahl et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 3811 (2000)]
Parity violation
e- e- Ae
VN
e- e-
~ Z 2A2/3R(Z)
~ Z 5
Chiral molecules
[Laerdahl et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 3811 (2000)]
(x 10-16)
[Berger et al. Mol. Phys. 105, 41 (2007)]
[Berger & Stohner. WIREs Comput. Mol. Sci. e1396, 1 (2018)]
211At (Z=85, T1/2
~7.2 h) → Freq. shift ~ 3-10 Hz
Contents● Precision studies in atoms and molecules
● Nuclear structure / nuclear matter / new forces & particles
● Parity violation
● Parity and time-reversal violation
● First results: RaF
● Summary
Atoms
✔ >103 enhancement of Eeff
for EDM measurements
Eext
~1 V/cmE
eff ~80 GV/cm
} 2μB + eEDM
Eeff
Eeff
[ACME, Nature 562, 355 (2018)][Baron et al. Science 343, 269 (2014)][Sandars Phys. Rev. Lett. 18, 1396 (1967)]
Eeff
Molecules
Parity and Time-reversal Violation
[Source: D. DeMille. Manipulating Quantum Systems: An Assessment of Atomic,Molecular, and Optical Physics in the United States (2019)]
Why radioactive nuclei?
✔ Large Z → Eef
(>>)✔ Deformed nuclei (>102)✔ Large enhancement of the MQM (>102)✔ Study of NSD interactions (I>0)
Atoms
} 2μB + eEDM
Eeff
Eeff
Ra @ Argonne
Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 233002 (2015)
Why radioactive nuclei?
DE: Energy splitting of opposite parity states
`
Experiment
`
````````````````Nuclear structure
Schiff Moments
P,T-odd nucleon-nucleon interaction
Why radioactive nuclei?
DE: Energy splitting of opposite parity states
225RaDE = 55 keV
`
Experiment
`
````````````````Nuclear structure Theory + Experiment
Schiff Moments
P,T-odd nucleon-nucleon interaction
Slide from L. Gaffney
[Gaffney et al. Nature 497, 199 (2013)]
Why radioactive nuclei?
DE: Energy splitting of opposite parity states
225RaDE = 55 keV
`
Experiment
`
````````````````Nuclear structure Theory + Experiment
Dobaczewski et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 232501 (2018)Chupp et al. Rev. Mod. Phys. 91, 015001 (2019)
Schiff Moments
P,T-odd nucleon-nucleon interaction
Slide from L. Gaffney
[Gaffney et al. Nature 497, 199 (2013)]
Why radioactive nuclei?
Contents● Precision studies in atoms and molecules
● Nuclear structure / nuclear matter / new forces & particles
● Parity violation
● Parity and time-reversal violation
● First results: RaF
● Summary
P- and P,T- odd effects
RaF → Nuclear x Molecular Enhancement
Molecules: Electroweak structure● Anapole moment: AM ● Magnetic Quadrupole Moment: MQM● Schiff Moment: Sschiff ● eEDM, nEDM, ...
Enhanced sensitivity in radioactive molecules(composed of heavy and octupole deformed nuclei)
✔ Large Z → Eef
(>>)✔ Deformed nuclei (>102)✔ Large enhancement of the MQM (>102)✔ Study of NSD interactions (I>0)
● .● .● .● SrF → Nature Physics 13, 1173(2017)● YbF → Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 123201 (2018)● CaF → Nature Physics 14, 890 (2018)
Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 163201 (2018)● RaF → Radioactive
Coming soon …
Fluoride molecules● SrF → First evidence of laser cooling
[Nature 467, 820-823 (2010)]● YbF → Nature 473, 493 (2011)● .● .● .
Radioactive Molecules: Ra(Z=88)F Results
P-odd and P,T -odd effects
[Gaul & Berger J. Chem. Phys 147, 014109(2017)][Fleig. Phys. Rev. A 96, 040502 (2017)]
RaF
BaF
WsEeff
RaFYbFHfF+BaF
SrFCaF
RaF → Superior sensitivity for both P- and P,T- odd effects
… BUT all parameters experimentally unknown!
Results: Radium fluoride (RaF)Collinear resonance ionization spectroscopy of RaF molecules [Garcia Ruiz) , , Berger et al. CERN-INTC-2018-017 (2018)]
I. Low-lying structure? II. Feasibility of laser cooling?
1.Dominant f00
?
2.Short-lived excited state (T1/2
)?
3.Electronic states of lower energy (E)?
T1/2
?
E?
f00
?
Collinear resonance ionization spectroscopy of RaF molecules [Garcia Ruiz) , , Berger et al. CERN-INTC-2018-017 (2018)]
Results: Radium fluoride (RaF)
Ion trap
Mass separator
Collinear resonance ionization spectroscopy of RaF molecules [Garcia Ruiz) , , Berger et al. CERN-INTC-2018-017 (2018)]
Results: Radium fluoride (RaF)
Ion trap
NeutralizationCell
Mass separator
Collinear resonance ionization spectroscopy of RaF molecules [Garcia Ruiz) , , Berger et al. CERN-INTC-2018-017 (2018)]
Results: Radium fluoride (RaF)
Ion trap
NeutralizationCell
Mass separator
Collinear resonance ionization spectroscopy of RaF molecules [Garcia Ruiz) , , Berger et al. CERN-INTC-2018-017 (2018)]
Results: Radium fluoride (RaF)
Ion trap
NeutralizationCell
Mass separator
Collinear resonance ionization spectroscopy of RaF molecules [Garcia Ruiz) , , Berger et al. CERN-INTC-2018-017 (2018)]
Results: Radium fluoride (RaF)
Ion trap
NeutralizationCell
Detector
Mass separator
Collinear resonance ionization spectroscopy of RaF molecules [Garcia Ruiz) , , Berger et al. CERN-INTC-2018-017 (2018)]
Results: Radium fluoride (RaF)
Ion trap
NeutralizationCell
Neutral
Detector
Mass separator
Collinear resonance ionization spectroscopy of RaF molecules [Garcia Ruiz) , , Berger et al. CERN-INTC-2018-017 (2018)]
Results: Radium fluoride (RaF)
cou
nts
Freq.
Ion trap
NeutralizationCell
Detector
Mass separator
Collinear resonance ionization spectroscopy of RaF molecules [Garcia Ruiz) , , Berger et al. CERN-INTC-2018-017 (2018)]
Results: Radium fluoride (RaF)
cou
nts
Freq.
Neutral
Ion trap
NeutralizationCell
Detector
Mass separator ?
? ? ?
Collinear resonance ionization spectroscopy of RaF molecules [Garcia Ruiz) , , Berger et al. CERN-INTC-2018-017 (2018)]
Results: Radium fluoride (RaF)
Neutral
Molecules have complex structures→ More than 104 states can be populatedVibrational / rotational / hyperfineImpossible with a hot (> 300 K) molecule?
Ion trap
NeutralizationCell
Detector
Mass separator ?
? ? ?
Collinear resonance ionization spectroscopy of RaF molecules [Garcia Ruiz) , , Berger et al. CERN-INTC-2018-017 (2018)]
Results: Radium fluoride (RaF)
Neutral
Theory: Scanning 1000 cm-1 at 100 MHz/min (1 cm-1 = 30 GHz)
→ 208 days!!
Molecules have complex structures→ More than 104 states can be populatedVibrational / rotational / hyperfineImpossible with a hot (> 300 K) molecule?
Impossible with radioactive molecules (< 106 molecules/second)?
Ion trap
NeutralizationCell
Detector
Mass separator ?
? ? ?
Collinear resonance ionization spectroscopy of RaF molecules [Garcia Ruiz) , , Berger et al. CERN-INTC-2018-017 (2018)]
Results: Radium fluoride (RaF)
Neutral
355nm ionization
anti-collinear collinear
Results: Radium fluoride (RaF)
(simplified scheme)
About 20 laser systems
226RaF
~1000 cm-1 (30 THz) → only 4 hours!
~106 /s
Results: Radium fluoride (RaF)
[Garcia Ruiz) , , Berger et al. Submitted (2019) (arXiv:1910.13416)]
226RaF
~1000 cm-1 (30 THz) → only 4 hours!
~106 /s
226RaF(T
1/2=1600 y)
Results: Radium fluoride (RaF)
[Garcia Ruiz) , , Berger et al. Submitted (2019) (arXiv:1910.13416)]
226RaF
~1000 cm-1 (30 THz) → only 4 hours!
~106 /s
226RaF(T
1/2=1600 y)
223RaF(T
1/2~11 days)
228RaF(6 years)
224RaF(3 days)
225RaF(15 days)
226RaF(1600 y)
cou
nts
Freq
uency
Results: Radium fluoride (RaF)
[Garcia Ruiz) , , Berger et al. Submitted (2019) (arXiv:1910.13416)]
I. Low-lying structure II. Feasibility of laser cooling?
1. Dominant f00
?
2. Short-lived excited state (T1/2
)?
3. Electronic states of lower energy (E)?
Results: Radium fluoride (RaF)
[Garcia Ruiz) , , Berger et al. Submitted (2019) (arXiv:1910.13416)]
Results: Radium fluoride (RaF)I. Low-lying structure II. Feasibility of laser cooling?
1. Dominant f00
? → f00
/fij > 0.97
2. Short-lived excited state (T1/2
)?
3. Electronic states of lower energy (E)?
Results: Radium fluoride (RaF)
[Garcia Ruiz) , , Berger et al. Submitted (2019) (arXiv:1910.13416)]
Results: Radium fluoride (RaF)I. Low-lying structure II. Feasibility of laser cooling?
1. Dominant f00
? → f00
/fij > 0.97
2. Short-lived excited state (T1/2
)?→T1/2
< 50 ns
3. Electronic states of lower energy (E)?
[Garcia Ruiz) , , Berger et al. Submitted (2019) (arXiv:1910.13416)]
Results: Radium fluoride (RaF)I. Low-lying structure II. Feasibility of laser cooling?
1. Dominant f00
? → f00
/fij > 0.97
2. Short-lived excited state (T1/2
)?→T1/2
< 50 ns
3. Electronic states of lower energy (E)?→ 2000 cm-1 above
[Garcia Ruiz) , , Berger et al. Submitted (2019) (arXiv:1910.13416)]
300 K → 25 meV
> GHz
Room temperature
cou
nt s
Freq.
Precision Laser Spectroscopy
cou
nt s
Freq.{ ~MHz
300 K → 25 meV
> GHz
Room temperatureLaser cooling
T < μK
< MHz
High resolution (< MHz)➢ High efficiency (<100 ions/s) ?➢ High selectivity (>1/106) ?➢ Short time scales (< 1 s)?
Precision Laser Spectroscopy
300 K → 25 meV
> GHz T < μK
< MHz
v@ 40 keV
~ MHz
Room temperatureLaser cooling Fast beam
High resolution (~MHz) High efficiency (<100 ions/s) High selectivity (>1/106) Short time scales (< 1 s)
Energy spread
Ion beam energy
Precision Laser Spectroscopy
@40 keV
High resolution (< MHz)➢ High efficiency (<100 ions/s) ?➢ High selectivity (>1/106) ?➢ Short time scales (< 1 s)?
PRELIM
INARY
PRELIM
INARY
~ 15 GHz
226Ra(I=0)F
226Ra(I=0)F
223Ra(I=3/2)F
300 MHz
From THz to MHz
Molecular Hyperfine structure
RaF: Hyperfine Structure
● Axion dark matter produces oscillating Sschiff
, MQM
Amplified in molecules with respect to atoms:
→ AcF, RaO, PaN[Flambaum & Feldmeier . Phys. Rev. C 101, 015502 (2020)]
Opportunities with radioactive molecules
● Time reversal violating MQM→ 229ThO and 229ThF+ [Lackenby & Flambaum. Phys. Rev. D 98, 115019 (2018)]
[ Skripnikov, et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 263006 (2014)]
MQM
Sschiff
● Quantum chemistry, astrophysics, ….
Contents● Precision studies in atoms and molecules
● Nuclear structure / nuclear matter / new forces & particles
● Parity violation
● Parity and time-reversal violation
● First results: RaF
● Summary
e- e- Nuclear structure
μ <r r 2> I Q
Summary
● Nuclear structure● Nuclear matter● New particle/forces
e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- Ae
VN
Ve
Ae
Ae
Ae
~ Z 2A2/3R(Z)x 105~ Z 3x 10N
P- violation
AtomsMolecules
Nuclear structure
μ <r r 2> I Q
Summary
● Nuclear structure● Nuclear matter● New particle/forces
e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- Ae
VN
Ve
Ae
Ae
Ae
~ Z 2A2/3R(Z)x 105~ Z 3x 10N
P- violation
AtomsMolecules
EDM Sschiff MQM
Nuclear structure
P,T- violation
~Z2 R(Z)
> 103 (> 105 Octupole )
AtomsS ~ Q2Q
3 Z A2/3 /(E
+ - E
-)
Molecules
μ <r r 2> I Q
Summary
● Nuclear structure● Nuclear matter● New particle/forces
Summary
Molecules: Electroweak structure● Anapole moment: AM ● Magnetic Quadrupole Moment: MQM● Schiff Moment: Sschiff ● eEDM, nEDM, ...
● Radioactive molecules → New window to study the atomic nucleus
Summary
Molecules: Electroweak structure● Anapole moment: AM ● Magnetic Quadrupole Moment: MQM● Schiff Moment: Sschiff ● eEDM, nEDM, ...
● First ever laser spectroscopy of a short-lived radioactive molecule (RaF)!
● Radioactive molecules → New window to study the atomic nucleus
✔ RaF → eEDM, Schift moments, Anapole moments, MQM ✔ 223RaF, 224RaF, 225RaF, 226RaF, 228RaF✔ Strong experimental evidence for the laser cooling scheme✔ Precision spectroscopy 223Ra(I=3/2)F, lifetime, IP, ...
Summary
Molecules: Electroweak structure● Anapole moment: AM ● Magnetic Quadrupole Moment: MQM● Schiff Moment: Sschiff ● eEDM, nEDM, ...
● First ever laser spectroscopy of a short-lived radioactive molecule (RaF)!
● Radioactive molecules → New window to study the atomic nucleus
● “Hot” molecules can be super cool!
✔ RaF → eEDM, Schift moments, Anapole moments, MQM ✔ 223RaF, 224RaF, 225RaF, 226RaF, 228RaF✔ Strong experimental evidence for the laser cooling scheme✔ Precision spectroscopy 223Ra(I=3/2)F, lifetime, IP, ...
Summary
Molecules: Electroweak structure● Anapole moment: AM ● Magnetic Quadrupole Moment: MQM● Schiff Moment: Sschiff ● eEDM, nEDM, ...
● First ever laser spectroscopy of a short-lived radioactive molecule (RaF)!
● Radioactive molecules → New window to study the atomic nucleus
● “Hot” molecules can be super cool!
… this is just the beginning!
✔ RaF → eEDM, Schift moments, Anapole moments, MQM ✔ 223RaF, 224RaF, 225RaF, 226RaF, 228RaF✔ Strong experimental evidence for the laser cooling scheme✔ Precision spectroscopy 223Ra(I=3/2)F, lifetime, IP, ...