OPPORTUNITIES FOR USE OF BIODIESEL IN TRANSPORT

Rio de Janeiro, 01 de outubro de /2013.

MÁRCIO DE ALMEIDA D’AGOSTO

dagosto@pet.coppe.ufrj.br

PROGRAMA DE ENGENHARIA DE TRANSPORTES (PET)

THE EXPERIENCE OF PET/COPPE/UFRJ IN THE BRAZILIAN SCENARIO

(A BRIEF DESCRIPTION)

SUMMARY

1.Why is it important? Brazilian transportation

sector in figures.

2.What are the Brazilian options? Biofuels.

3.What about our experience?

PET/COPPE/UFRJ – 13 years of experience.

4.Final comments.

Note: Percentages were calculated based on data provided in pass.km and t.kmSource: Own elaboration based on data from FIPE (2011), ANTT (2009), ANTAQ (2009), ANTP (2009) and ANAC (2009).

BRAZILIAN TRANSPORTATION SECTOR - FIGURES

0,00%

10,00%

20,00%

30,00%

40,00%

50,00%

60,00%

70,00%

80,00%

90,00%

Passageiro Carga

89,23%

48,96%

3,22%

33,21%

0,03%

13,99%7,51% 0,07% 3,77%

Rodoviário Ferroviário Aquaviário Aéreo Duto

Passageiro: ¹ Considera apenas transporte por barca; ² Considera apenas transporte nacional.Carga: ³Considera somente carga transportada por cabotagem e navegação interior; 4 Considera somente carga nacional.

Passenger Freight

Road Rail Water Air Pipe

Passenger: ¹ Considering only ferry transport; ² Considering only national transport.Feright: ³ Considering only freight transported by cabotage and inland waterways; 4 Considering only national freight.

0,0%

10,0%

20,0%

30,0%

40,0%

50,0%

60,0%

Urban¹

On foot Bicycle Cars Motocycle Bus Rail Barges

Urban public transport

Brazilian Transportation Sector Modal Split

Transportation Sector – 145 MM t CO2

28% of final energy consumption (81% fossil – 48% diesel oil)

Other modes

1,23% - Rail2,17% - Water4,59% - Air

BRAZILIAN TRANSPORTATION SECTOR - FIGURES

Brazilian Transportation Sector Energy Consumption

Roadway

92%

130 MM t CO2

diesel

diesel

diesel

diesel

diesel

diesel

Gasoline / etanol

(2009)

diesel

Bunker oil

Jet fuel

3,0%

48,4%

1,6%

23,4%

0,1%

4,5%

18,8%

0,2%

Gás natural

Óleo diesel

Óleo combustível

Gasolina automotiva

Gasolina de aviação

Querosene de aviação

Biocombustíveis

Eletricidade

(2009)

Natural gas

Diesel

Fuel oil

Automotive gasoline

Aviation gasoline

Aviation kerosene

Biofuels

Electricity

BRAZILIAN TRANSPORTATION SECTOR - FIGURES

Brazilian Transportation Sector Energy Consumption

28,76% Anhydrous ethanol71,23% Hydrous ethanol0,01% Biodiesel

BIOFUEL OPTIONS - BRAZIL

ETHANOL

BIODIESEL

DIESEL FROM

SUCAR CANE

diesel

diesel

diesel

diesel

diesel

diesel

390 Processing Plants

Bases

AEHC

25% AEAC + Gasoline A=

Gasoline C

AEHC / AEAC

DEALER

AEHC

Hydrous ethanol (AEHC) = 19,1 MMm3 (2009)

Anhydrous ethanol (AEAC) = 7 MMm3 (2009)

27 Primary Bases

47 Secondary Bases

Energy from sugarcane bagasse

87% of new vehicles are flex-fuel (2009)

Northeastern coast

Sugarcane

Sources: ANP, SINDICOM, ANFAVEA

BIOFUEL OPTIONS - ETHANOL

Hydrous ethanol

Gasoline C

North of Paraná

Interior of São Paulo

0

5.000

10.000

15.000

20.000

25.000

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Production Consumption

103 m3

PRODUÇÃO(48 plantas)

Metanol Etanol

B100

Produtor de Biodiesel

B5

2010

Distribuidor

Refinaria

B100 Diesel

Extração de Óleo

Catalisador

Óleo

B100

Produtor de Biodiesel

PostosFrotista

Co-produtos

Gordura Animal

Óleo Residual

171.929 m3

Glicerina

71% soja

20% sebo bovino

95%

1,6 milhões de m3 de biodiesel em 2009

INP

UT

S

CatalystEthanolMethanolCo-product

Animal fat

Residual oil

PRODUCTION(48 plants)

Biodisel producer

Biodiesel producer

Fleet owner

Refinery

Distributor

Stations

5% biodiesel added to petro-diesel

Oil extraction71% soybean

20% beef tallow

Co-products171,929 m³

glycerin1.6 million m³ biodiesel

(2009)

BIOFUEL OPTIONS - BIODIESEL

A M Y R I S

BIOFUEL OPTIONS – DIESEL FROM SUGAR CANE

COPPE/UFRJ – 13 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE

20012003

20062008

2012

2001 – 2003 (BX)

Biodiesel from Mc Donald´s waste cooking oil

2003 – 2004 (B5 S & B5 F)

Biodiesel from waste cooking oil and soybean oil

> 20,000 km (without problems)

2 waste collection trucks

COPPE/UFRJ – 13 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE

Valores Absolutos Variações

Parâmetro medido Diesel Base B5 Soja B5 Fritura B5 Soja B5 Fritura

Potência efetiva [kW] 50,8 50,6 50,9 -0,5% 0,2%

Consumo específico [g/kW.h]

189,8 190,7 191,0 0,5% 0,7%

CO [g/kW.h] 0,93 0,91 0,92 -1,6% -1,6%

NOx [g/kW.h] 6,66 6,72 6,71 0,9% 0,8%

THC [g/kW.h] 0,426 0,423 0,424 -0,8% -0,6%

Fuligem [g/kW.h] 0,041 0,038 0,033 -5,8% -19,9%

MP medido [g/kW.h] 0,169 0,162 0,163 -4,1% -3,5%

Power

Smoke

PM

Fuel Consumption

B5 S B5 SB5 F B5 FDIESEL

ABSOLUTE VALUES

DYNAMOMETER BENCH TEST

COPPE/UFRJ – 13 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE

0,00%

5,00%

10,00%

15,00%

20,00%

25,00%

30,00%

35,00%

40,00%

45,00%

50,00%

< 5% 5% a 10% 10% a 15% 15% a 20% 20% a 25% > 25%

Percentual de Biodiesel na Mistura

Per

cent

ual d

e O

corr

ênci

a no

Tes

te

2006 - 2007 (B20)

Biodiesel from palm tree oil production byproduct

Fuel Comsuption+ 2% to + 4%

Pollutant Reduction (%)

CO2 0,31 CO -5,41 HC -25,13 NOx -16,70 O2 0,16

SO2 -46,36

COPPE/UFRJ – 13 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE

COPPE Comb

1,200

1,300

1,400

1,500

1,600

1,700

1,800

1,900

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Veículos Testados

Efi

ciên

cia

[km

/l]

2365 2367 2481 2407

1,200

1,300

1,400

1,500

1,600

1,700

1,800

1,900

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Veículos Testados

Efi

ciên

cia

[km

/l]

2365 2367 2481 2407

3 concrete mixer trucks

2006 - 2008 (B5)

Biodiesel from castor beans oil

Reference

COPPE/UFRJ – 13 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE

2012 – 2013 (AMD30)20 BUSES USING 30% DIESEL FROM SUCAR CANE + B5 (AMD30)12 MONTHS ON ROAD TEST1,567,418 km587,488 l (AMD30)

COPPE/UFRJ – 13 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE

COPPE Comb

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

CO NMHC Nox MP CO2

Óleo diesel Biodiesel (Duplo combustível)

+ 10% operational costs

Diesel Biodiesel (dual fuel)

37%

54%

15%

36%

83%

Beverages distribution, TGW = 17tonDiesel or biodiesel (soybean methyl ester), IS = 87%Biodiesel additional costs: 50%

CASE STUDY – FREIGHT TRANSPORTBEVERAGE DISTRIBUTION

Food distribution, TGW = 16tonDiesel + biodiesel: from B20 to B100Diesel + sugarcane diesel: from AMD20 to AMD100

CASE STUDY – FREIGHT TRANSPORTFOOD DISTRIBUTION – CITY LOGISTICS

FINAL COMMENTS

1.Brazil is world leader in the production of

biofuels for transportation – it is an example!

2.We have a large set of opportunities – lets

improved them!

3.PET/COPPE/UFRJ and many other unities in

UFRJ are engaged to override this challenge!

INVITATION

LABORATÓRIO DE TRANSPORTE DE CARGA - LTC

www.ltc.coppe.ufrj.brCoordenator: Márcio de Almeida D’Agosto

dagosto@pet.coppe.ufrj.br

Centro de Tecnologia, Bloco H, Sala 119Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão,

CEP: 21.949-900 – Rio de Janeiro – RJTel: (21) 2562-8139 / 2562-8129

October/2013.

OPPORTUNITIES FOR USE OF BIODIESEL IN TRANSPORT

THE EXPERIENCE OF PET/COPPE/UFRJ IN THE BRAZILIAN SCENARIO

(A BRIEF DESCRIPTION)