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Opportunities in the Forest based SectorOpportunities in the Forest based Sector
FTP Biorefinery Task Force
Annita Westenbroek – KCPK (NL)Klaus Niemela – KCL (F)Peter Axegard – STFI (S)
Source: M. Mensink, FTP-conference Lahti, Nov 2006CG Beckeman, Int. Biorefinery conference, Helsinki, Oct 2006
22007-1-19
Forest based biorefinery initiatives
1. Annita Westenbroek: FTP Biorefinery Taskforce
2. Klaus Niemela: biorefinery activities in Finland
3. Peter Axegard: biorefinery activities in Sweden
32007-1-19
42007-1-19
52007-1-19
FTP started a biorefinery taskforce
Bringing the experts in the field together. To define the key projects that need to take place in
the field of biorefinery, that will increase the competitiveness of our sector in the next decade.
Mapping existing projects, reaching out to the other technology platforms (Sustainable chemistry, Biofuels and Plants for the future) and collect information from the incredible number of conferences on this subject…..
A Vision Paper will be ready in March 2007
62007-1-19
Why biorefinery in the forest
Climate change and energy policy will create a new reality, a new balance between within our sector and between sectors, soon!
The forest based sector is probably the only sector able to have a neutral contribution to climate change, when all aspects are taken into account and much is done.• All aspects = carbon emissions, carbon storage, transport,
landfill, forestry, etc.• Much to be done: Energy efficiency, CHP, Biorefinery, bio-
energy, etc.
The forest sector can lead! And should lead the developments. Focusing on biorefinery is a strong step in that direction.
72007-1-19
Biorefinery defined by the taskforce
Biorefinery has the aim to create more value our of the bio-based raw material of the pulp and paper/forest based sectors.
This can be in the form of current products, chemicals and energy, biomass, biofuels.
Biorefinery is seen as an opportunity, creating more value for the existing players in the field.
Therefore biorefinery is defined as: “Efficient use of the entire potential of raw materials and by-streams of the pulp and paper industry towards a broad range of high added value products (by cooperation in and between chains.
82007-1-19
Biorefinery Task Force
Peter Axegard, STFI Markku Karlsson, UPM-Kymmene Paterson McKeough, VTT Annita Westenbroek, KCPK Michel Petit-Conil, Afocel/CTP Ludger Eltrop, IER University
Stuttgart Klaus Niemelä, KCL Marco Mensink, CEPI (chairman)
92007-1-19
Key priorities defined by the taskforce
1. Selective and efficient separation and conversion processes – R&D into technology.
2. Above sector synergies with the agricultural and chemical sector.
3. Bio-refineries as a source of wood-derived energy carriers, adding our knowledge and expertise.
4. Recycled fibre biorefinery – using residues, providing products.
5. The socio-economic impact of biorefinery development – an integrated vision of added value.
102007-1-19
The Dutch approach
More efficient use of fibre raw materials and by-streams• Utilizing own by-streams (raw material, energy source)• Fibre cascading (fibre containing by-stream of one mill is
valuable raw material of another mill)• New products from by-streams• Exchange of by-streams / raw materials with other
sectors• Energy from by-streams
Above sector synergies!• Clustering the agro and forest based biorefineries
112007-1-19
Forest based biorefinery initiatives
1. Annita Westenbroek: FTP Biorefinery Taskforce
2. Klaus Niemela: biorefinery activities in Finland
3. Peter Axegard: biorefinery activities in Sweden
Opportunities in the Forest-based Sector
2. Forest-based biorefinery
research in Finland
Klaus Niemelä
2007-1-19Klaus Niemelä 13
Outline
• Background, history
• Pulp production, pulp mill as a biorefinery
• Examples of current or planned research areas or programmes
• New COST action on biorefineries
2007-1-19Klaus Niemelä 14
Wood as a chemical raw material – long history
• Isolation of naval stores
• Production of charcoal and tar
• Manufacture of methanol, acetic acid, calcium acetate, acetone...
• Alkali fusion of wood (sawdust) to oxalic acid
2007-1-19Klaus Niemelä 15
Pulping: production of fiber, chemicals and energy
• Acidic sulfite pulping
• Alkaline kraft pulping
• Semichemical pulping
• Mechanical pulping
2007-1-19Klaus Niemelä 16
2007-1-19Klaus Niemelä 17
Sulfite pulping by-products
• Lignosulfonates (> 1 million tons)• Ethanol• Xylose• Torula yeast• Vanillin• Furfural, acetic acid
• In the past: p-cymene, pekilo protein, oxalic acid, methanol, etc.
2007-1-19Klaus Niemelä 18
Lenzing achieved a 25% increase of the non energetic use of wood: however …
the recovery of Hemicellulose derivatives so far cannot be further increasedall the Lignins are still burnt
e.g. „Wood Biorefinery“ in Lenzing
The net calorific value corresponds toabt. 220 kg fuel oil per t of pulp produced!
dissolvingpulp
Acetic acid
spent liquor excess energy
Beech wood
50%
pulpmill
39% Furfural
Xylose
11%
dissolvingpulp
Acetic acid
spent liquor excess energy
Beech wood
50%
pulpmill
39% Furfural
Xylose
11%
2007-1-19Klaus Niemelä 19
Kraft pulping by-products
• Tall oil (1.5 million tons)• Turpentine (200,000 tons)• Lignin (100,000 tons)• DMS, DMSO, DMSO2 (pulping spent liquor
oxidation)
• In the past: methanol, pyrolysis oils, kraft-prehydrolysis products, etc.
2007-1-19Klaus Niemelä 20
Examples of current or planned research programmes (1)
Sustainable Production and Products:
• Research programme by Academy of Finland• Runs from 2006 to 2010• Three research themes: - Industrial ecology - Green chemistry and engineering - Chemicas in industrial production• Several biorefinery-related projects funded
2007-1-19Klaus Niemelä 21
Examples of current or planned research programmes (2)
BioRefine:
• Technology programme by Tekes (Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation)
• Under planning, final decision during spring
• Integration of forest, energy and chemical industry and biotechnology to find new biomass-based business potential
2007-1-19Klaus Niemelä 22
Examples of current or planned research programmes (3)
SymBio, Industrial Biotechnology:
• Technology Programme by Tekes• Runs from 2006 to 2011• The focus areas for the R&D projects are: - Development and intensification of biotechnological
production and processing - Applications in environmental biotechnology - Supporting technologies; e.g. measurements, modelling and the development of enzymes and production organisms
2007-1-19Klaus Niemelä 23
Examples of current or planned research programmes (4)
Sustainable Energy:
• Research programme by Academy of Finland• 2008-2011• The objective is to strengthen basic research in the
energy field and to harmonise research on environmentally friendly energy production with economic factors even at the early stages of research.
• The main themes are new technology for energy production, an effective energy system, and energy use efficiency.
2007-1-19Klaus Niemelä 24
Projects or research areas - examples
• Isolation of lignans from softwood knots (Prof. B. Holmbom, Åbo Akademi University)
• Production of transportation fuels from biomass at pulp and paper mills (P. McKeough, VTT)
• Aliphatic hydroxy acids as pulping by-products
2007-1-19Klaus Niemelä 25
2007-1-19Klaus Niemelä 26
2007-1-19Klaus Niemelä 27
2007-1-19Klaus Niemelä 28(Presentation by P. McKeough avail. at www.blackliquor.com)
2007-1-19Klaus Niemelä 29
2007-1-19Klaus Niemelä 30
Hydroxy acids as pulping by-products
Background:During kraft pulping, nearly 10% of the wood raw material is converted to a mixture of aliphatic hydroxy acids (total "production" in Europe is millions of tons annually).
They are currently burnt in the recovery boilers (together with lignin and other compounds), although they could offer an abundant source of platform and specialty chemicals for chemical industry.
Problems:1. The acids form a complex mixture, with several main compounds.2. Their isolation and purification has not yet been fully solved.3. Properties or potential uses of some compounds are poorly known.
2007-1-19Klaus Niemelä 31
Hydroxy acids as pulping by-products
COOH lCH2OH
COOH lCHOH lCH3
COOH lCHOH lCH2 lCH3
COOH lCHOH lCH2 lCH2 lCH2OH
COOH lC lCH2 lCH2OH
CH2OH
OH
COOH lC lCH2 lCHOH lCH2OH
CH2OH
OH
1, glycolic acid2, lactic acid3, 2-hydroxybutanoic acid 4, 2,5-dihydroxypentanoic acid5, xyloisosaccharinic acid6, glucoisosaccharinic acids (2 stereoisomers)
12
3
4
5
6
The main acids:
2007-1-19Klaus Niemelä 32
New COST action: biotechnology for lignocellulose biorefineries
• 2007-2010
• Chair: Dr. Liisa Viikari,
VTT, Finland
The main objective: to
develop environmentally
sound and cost-effective
biotechnical tools and pro-
duction technologies to be
exploited in the production
of fibres, chemicals, and
bioenergy.
(Intererested in? [email protected])
332007-1-19
Forest based biorefinery initiatives
1. Annita Westenbroek: FTP Biorefinery Taskforce
2. Klaus Niemela: biorefinery activities in Finland
3. Peter Axegard: biorefinery activities in Sweden
turning science into reality
Opportunities in the forest based sector part 3. Biorefinery Research Activities in Sweden in the Forest Based Sector
Presentation by Peter Axegård, STFI-Packforsk AB
Brokery Event 18th and 19th of January 2007International Research on Biorefinery with Biofuels
turning science into reality
Biofuels
Integrated
Energy
System
Fibre processing
Primary treat-ment
Pulpwood
Forestry/agri residues and used recycled fibres
Pulp or paper
Chemicals
Use of Pulp Mill By-products and Forestry Residues
Conver-sion
Conver-sion
Black liquor Electricity
turning science into reality
Outline
Ex 1. Birch bark
Ex 2. Glucomannan from TMP white water
Ex 3. New process for soap removal
Ex 4. Xylan from black liquor
Ex 5. Lignin from kraft black liquor
Ex 6. Gasification
Conclusions
turning science into reality
The Pulp Mill Biorefinery-Ex1. Birch Bark
Fatty acids – polyesters
Betulin – skin protection
turning science into reality
The Pulp Mill Biorefinery-Ex. 2 Glucomananns from TMP
Glucomannans from spruce has a
unique ability to form barriers with
low oxygen permeability
turning science into reality
The Pulp Mill Biorefinery-Ex 3. New process for removal of soap from black liquor
• In operation spring 2006• Capacity 25.000 tons of
raw extractives (tall soap) per year
• Decreased use of sulfuric acid
• Final products– Resins for binders
formulations – Fatty acid ester (biodiesel)– β - sitosterol
turning science into reality
The Pulp Mill Biorefinery-Ex 4. Xylan from kraft black liquor
150 kg /tonne wood dissolved into black liquor
can be removed efficiently and purified
can be sorbed onto fiber surfaces
results in less refining demand
turning science into reality
Xylan ─ Main Hardwood Hemicellulose
O
OO
OHO
HOO
OO
HOO
OH OH
O
HOH2C
OH
OH
O
OO
HO
OCO2H
H3CO
HO OH
O
HOO
OH
Ac
Ac
O-Acetyl-4-O-methylglucuronoxylan
Birch ~30 %
Eucalyptus ~15 %
turning science into reality
The Pulp Mill Biorefinery-Ex 5. Lignin from black liquor
FRAM2 program
Demonstration plant
turning science into reality
Lignin from Kraft Black Liquor
Lignin OUT Recovery boiler
Digester
Evaporation
BleachingWood
chips Pulp/paper
Lignin IN
Replacement of fossil fuel
50 L mineral oil can be saved ptp
Wood
turning science into reality
• Energy– Heat value of 1 tonne of lignin equals 0.65 tonne of mineral oil– Fuel for lime kilns, heat and power, oil replacement, syngas
• Materials– Carbon fibre for composites, porous carbon structures
• Chemicals
– Phenols, binders, dispersants, sequestering
Lignin Applications
turning science into reality
Lignin from the LignoBoost Process
turning science into reality
C 64.0 %O 26.4 %H 5.7 %Na 0.03 %Ash 0.2 %
Dry solids 65-70 %
Heat value 26 GJ/t
Properties of LignoBoost Lignin Before Drying
turning science into reality
Demonstration of Lignin ProductionStart-Up January 2007
Wermland Paper,the Bäckhammar mill
LignoBoostDemonstration plant
turning science into reality
Demo For Lignin Removal
To commercialize the process
Through demonstrating the process through a demo plant
• Demo plant starts late 2006• Annual capacity 4000 tonnes• Lignin will be used in lime kilns and other
incinerators
turning science into reality
The Pulp Mill Biorefinery-Ex 6.Gasification
Swedish Black Liquor Gasification
ETC, STFI. Chalmers, Umeå Univ., ETC, Luleå Technical Univ., Corrosion Institute
Pilot plant and related R&D
turning science into reality
Pulp wood
Pulp & paperproduction Paper
Forestry residues
Electricity
Two Promising Biorefining Alternatives
Spent liquor
Biomass gasification Methanol/DME
FT-fuels
Lignin removal
Lignin
turning science into reality
Fuel gas
Pulp & paper production
STFI-VTT Scheme: Integrating Biomass Gasification with Lignin Removal
Spent liquor
Biomass gasification
Lignin removal
Pulp wood Paper
Forestry residues
ElectricityMethanol/DMEFT-fuels
Lignin
To CO2 sinkCO2
turning science into reality
Other Opportunities - Integrating Bio- mass Gasification with Lignin Removal
No principal limitation in removal of valuable components from black liquor
Unit kg/t pulp Spruce Birch Eucalypt
Lignin 510 340 340
Xylan 30 100 40
turning science into reality
The Future Pulp Mill is a Wood Biorefinery Producing
Fibers for future paper and fibre based composites
turning science into reality
The Future Pulp Mill is a Wood Biorefinery Producing
Fibers for future paper and fibre based composites
Value added by-products from hemicelluloses
turning science into reality
The Future Pulp Mill is a Wood Biorefinery Producing
Fibers for future paper and fibre based composites
Value added by-products from hemicelluloses
Solid fuels, liquid fuels and electricity from black liquor, forestry residues and agro residues