Indonesian Renewable Indonesian Renewable Energy DevelopmentEnergy Development

and and Opportunity to Implementation Opportunity to Implementation

of CDM Schemeof CDM Scheme

Asian Science & Technology Seminar in JakartaBPPT, March 8th-9th 2007

Irhan Febijanto

Content of Presentation

Present Condition of Renewable Energy and the barriers

Biomass Potential for a fuel & CDM opportunity

The role of CDM scheme

Present Condition of Renewable Energy Development

Geothermal (4%)

Micro/Mini Hydro (12%)

Solar (0.003%)

Bioenergy (0.6%)

Wind (0.005%)

Wave, etc

Present Condition of Renewable

Energyin Indonesia

Reasons of Low Development Speed

-High Cost

- High dependency on Imported Technology

- Lack of incentive provided by government

- Low Ability of Human Resources

Sugar Cane, Palm Oil, Rubber, Paddy, Wood, Coconut,Cassava , Disposal

Utilizing CDM Scheme to Reduce Barriers

Present Condition of Renewable Energy

in Indonesia

- High Cost

- High dependency on Imported Technology

- Low Ability of Human Resources

- Lack of incentive provided by government

- Development Speed is very low

Utilizing CDM Scheme

- Additional Revenue (selling CER price)

For CO2 reduction ----increase 2 or 3% of IRR

CH4, PFC, SF6----equal to investment cost or more

- Transferring knowledge and technology

- Transferring knowledge and technology

-?

-Many proposal for Renewable energy projects are brought by foreign investors/developers.

Biomass Potential for a fuel

Sugar Cane Bagasse

Palm Oil

Paddy

Coconut

Rubber

Cassava

Wood

Rice Husk

Waste Wood

Shell, Fiber

Rubber Wood

EFB, Fiber, Shell, POME

Methane Gas

Excess Biomass WastePower Generation Technologyetc.

?

Energy Industry through CDM

is possible !!Waste City Methane Gas

Plantation

Energy Resource in Plantation Factory

ElectricityExcess

biomass waste

PLN

STEAM GENERATOR/

CAPTIVE POWERSteam Processing

Electricity

Biomass WasteFactory

Households

utilize excess biomass waste

SellingExcess Electricity

utilize biomass waste

Fossil Fuel

Unused

One of schemes for Energy Industry in Agro Industry CDM opportu

nity

existingplanned

Energy Potential from Biomass Waste

No Kind of Plant Waste Amount (ton/thn)

Energy (MWh)

1 Palm OilEmpty Fruit Bunch 4627744 6427422Shell 1234065 5141938Fiber 2262453 6913051

2 Sugar CaneBagasse 8068416 17257445

3 RubberRubber Wood 2808833 12901906

4 CoconutShell 3046463 15401563Fiber 6763148 31373492

5 WoodWood Waste 8345932 19473841

6 PaddyRice Husk 13585326 52831823

7 CassavaCassava Waste 7322800 36980140

TOTAL 99,714,880 262,549,427

Very Big Potential

Equal to reduction

22,000 kton heavy oil

Site Locations

No Kind of Plantation Locations

1 Palm Oil Palm Oil Mills in North Sumatera and West Kalimantan

2 Sugar Cane Sugar Cane Factories in East Java, Central Java, West Java and Lampung

3 Rubber Rubber Plantation and Factory in North Sumatera

4 Wood Plywood Factories in West Kalimantan and East Java

5 Paddy Paddy Research Center and Rice Mill in West Java

Biomass Fuel Potential – Sugar Cane(1)

Condition of Biomass Waste UtilizationBagasse is already used as a fuel to produce steam processing and electricity power.

1. Production of bagasse tends to decreaseCause of Deficit Bagasse

• Decreasing plantation area owned by small holders. • Different planting pattern• Using sugar cane seed which contains less fiber

2. Insufficiency of bagasse in first term of on season.• Other biomass is used to substitute bagasse• Change biomass fired boiler to coal fired boiler

Recent Condition

Biomass Fuel Potential - Sugar Cane (2)

1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004

1

2

3

4

5[×105]

2

4

6

8

10

12

14 [×106ar

ea [h

a]

sugar, bagasse [ton]area

sugar

bagasse

Source : Statistical Estate Crops of Indonesia (Sugar Cane) 2001-2003

Biomass Fuel Potential - Sugar Cane (3)

in East Java and Central Java1. In general, over than 50% of sugar cane plantation area is

owned by small holders.2. Old plantation and unefficient plant

Big Three Province in Bagasse Production

Province Sugar Cane(ton) Bagasse (ton)

East Java 840,283 3,978,471Lampung 525,384 2,114,05Central Java 158,357 880,690

in Lampung1. Sugar cane plantation area is owned by sugar factory (private)2. Relatively new and plant is efficient

Source : Pusat Penelitian Perkebunan Gula Indonesia 2003

Characteristics of Sugar Cane Plantation

Deficit Bagasse

CDM ProjectNew and more efficient plant

Utilization of bagasse

Biomass Fuel Potential - Sugar Cane (4)

Excess bagasse dumped in sugar factory

Biomass Fuel Potential - Palm Oil(1)

1. Shell and Fiber is utilized for fuel in boiler to produce steam processing and electric power

2. EFB is used as fertilizer or incinerated.3. Methane gas generated by waste water in pond is not yet utilized

ShellFiber

fuel Electric Power/Steam for Process

EFBShellFiber

POME

fuel Electric Power

orSteam for Processfuel

Current Condition of Biomass Waste Utilization

Next Condition of Biomass Waste Utilization (CDM project)

PLNselling electricity

Biomass Fuel Potential - Palm Oil(2)

To plantation To incineratorIncinerator

Excess Shell

CURRENT WASTE CONDITION IN PALM OIL MILL

Effluent discharge for land application

CPO Production Process

Palm Oil Mill

Fuel

Power Plant(Biomass Combustion)

Fiber

Shell

POME treatment

CPO Sludge

FFB

Plantation EFB

Onsite

DieselPower Plant

Biomass Fuel Potential - Palm Oil(2)

EFB

POME

Incineration

Land application

Biomass Fuel Potential - Palm Oil(2)

1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004

2

4

6[×106]

1

3

5

7

9

11 [×106

area

[ha]

CPO

, shell, fibre, EFB [ton]

area

shell

CPO

EFB

fibre

Source : Statistical Estate Crops of Indonesia 2001-2003

Province EFB (ton) Shell (ton) Fiber (ton)North Sumatera 2,537,954 676,788 1,240,778

1,330,841372,500

Riau 2,722,175 725,913Jambi 761,932 203,182

Big Three Province in EFB Production

Source : Directorate General of Forest Production Department 2003

Biomass Fuel Potential – Rubber (1)

Big Three Province in Rubber Wood Waste Production

Province area (ha) rubber (ton)

rubber wood waste(ton)

South Sumatera 705,956 35,975 607,828365,678341,258

Jambi 424,713 193,511North Sumatera 431,194 356,736

Condition of Biomass Waste Utilization

Source : Statistical Estate Crops of Indonesia 2001-2003

Almost utilized

Rubber Wood Fumigation Processfuel

Raw Material for Furniturematerial

Replanatation of Rubber tree produces rubber wood waste

Biomass Fuel Potential - Rubber (2)

Source : Statistical Estate Crops of Indonesia 2001-20031994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004

4000

5000

25

27

29

31[×105]

area

[x 1

000

ha]

Waste R

ubber Wood [ton]area

waste rubber wood

Chip wood

Biomass Fuel Potential – Wood (1)

Forest Concession Area

Province Unit Area (x 10 3 ha)Kalimantan 127 10.76Irian Jaya 50 10.75Sumatera 43 2.80

Recent and Next Condition of Biomass Waste Utilization

Source : Statistical Estate Crops of Indonesia 2001-2003

More efficient factory, wood waste become

lesser

Logmaterial

Plywood

Wood Working

Sawn Timber

Block Board

Veneer

Particle Board

Moulding

Pulp

WoodWaste

(Excess)

fuelSteam for Process

Electric Power

PLN

sellingelectricity

fuel

Biomass Fuel Potential – Paddy (1)

Big Three Province in Paddy Waste Production

• the amount is relatively few and the locations are scattered.• it is utilized for fuel in brick factory, household in village

Province Production (ton) Rice Husk Potential (ton)

West Java 10,468,812 2,617,203East Java 8,914,995 2,228,749Central Java 8,123,839 2,030,960Source : Statistical Estate Crops of Indonesia 2001-2003

Rice Husk

(unutilized)

fuel

Electric Power

small Industries in Village

fuel

Large scale rice mill is potential

Recent and Next Condition of Biomass Waste Utilization

Biomass Fuel Potential - Cassava (1)

Province Production(ton)

Potential Biomass Waste(ton)

Lampung 4,217,341 1,593,266East Java 3,852,851 1,465,991Central Java 3,505,721 1,334,266

Source : Agricultural Statistic Indonesia, 2003

Big Three Province in Cassava Waste Production

Waste Water from Tapioca

Factory

Methane captured

Electric Power

Recent and Next Condition of Biomass Waste Utilization

Biomass Fuel Potential - Coconut (1)

Province Tall Coconut (ton)

Hybrida Coconut (ton)

Coconut Fibre(ton)

Coconut Shell (ton)

1,104,971 497,735735,622567,516

331,362255,638

Riau 467,035 60,563North Sulawesi 351,243 0East Java 270,976 0

Source : Statistical Estates Crops of Indonesia 2001-2003

Big Three Province in Coconut Waste Production

Recent Condition of Biomass Waste Utilization

• In General,coconut shell is utilized for carbon active material,etc

The potential amount scattered

System Proposed for Utilization of Excess Bagasse in Sugar Cane Factory

System Proposed for Utilization of EFB+POME in Palm Oil Mill

Gas Methane Recovery – general condition of landfill

•High ratio of an organic waste•Open Dumping treatment•There are many scavengers and animals•Water treatment system is not good

Change to sanitary landfill

Flaring methane gasor

Using methane gas as fuel for gas turbine

Gas Methane Recovery

G

B

Grid connection facility

Piping

Soil cover from Geo-textile sheet

Power generation Facility

Holes for Gas Recovery

To grid

Landfill Gas treatment

FacilityFlaring facilities

Blowers

×S

CH4

CO2

Gas collector facility

Gas Methane Recovery - Lay Out of Facilities

Booster/Flare Station Power Plant

Gas Collection WellsHDPE pipes φ75HDPE pipes φ200

Gas Methane Recovery – gas collection equipments

3rd

Transfer CER

1st

Installation for Gas engine generator， Flare system &

Piping for gas collector

Municipality Participants

Operation & Maintenance of Power Generation Facility

Supporting for PDD, Validation, Registration,

Verification

2nd

Bussiness Activity

Owner Developer

ＰＴ．PＬＮ

Selling Electricity

Benefit from Selling Electricity

PPA

Project Scheme – proposal(example)

For Reduce Emission Reduction and for Substitute Fossil Fuel

Sugar Cane

Palm Oil

Paddy

Coconut

Rubber

Cassava

Wood

The potential is big, however the location is scattered

Gas methane generated from waste water in tapioca factory is high potential

Waste wood is potential, however elimination of illegal logging make us to more confirm about sustainable wood supply

Rice husk potential is scattered. The big rice miller should be found, to use rice husk as a fuel for power generation

Rubber waste wood mainly has utilized, however investigation in detail is needed to confirm it

EFB and POME are potential biomass waste. The large amount of those biomass could be explored in POM

Bagasse is potential, however excess bagasse in sugar factory is limited

Methane Gas in Landfill

The potential is big, but it is needed a specific know-how to recover and utilize methane gas in Indonesia because the characteristics of landfill is unique

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