Optic Nerve Atrophy and Homoeopathy

7/25/2019 Optic Nerve Atrophy and Homoeopathy

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esh Kumar Sharma

Optic Nerve Atrophy and Homoeopathy

Dr. Rajneesh Kumar Sharma MD (Hom)

Optic Nerve Atrophy andHomoeopathy


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Optic Nerve trophy

an! Homoeopathy Dr. Rajneesh Kumar Sharma M.D. (Homoeopathy)Dr. S!ati "ishnoi #.H.M.S.Homoeo $ure % Research &nstituteNH ' Morada*ad Road Kashipur (+ttarancha,) &ND&A -in/'0 -h. 123' /410/' 353'4523

6. mai, drrajneeshhom7hotmai,.com!!!.treatmenthomopathy.com!!!.homeopathy!or,dcommunity.com

$ontentsDe8nition......................................................................................................................./

-athophysio,o9y............................................................................................................/

Anatomy o: optic nerve............................................................................................./

-hysio,o9y o: optic nerve...........................................................................................0

Histopatho,o9ic chan9es in optic atrophy.................................................................0

;ypes.............................................................................................................................

-atho,o9ic c,assi8cation.............................................................................................

Antero9rade de9eneration.....................................................................................

Retro9rade de9eneration.......................................................................................

;ranssynaptic de9eneration..................................................................................

Ophtha,moscopic c,assi8cation.................................................................................

-rimary optic atrophy.............................................................................................

Secondary optic atrophy........................................................................................2

$onsecutive optic atrophy......................................................................................2


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Demye,inatin9 atrophy...........................................................................................'

-ressure or traction atrophy...................................................................................'

-ostin=ammatory atrophy......................................................................................'

;raumatic optic neuropathy....................................................................................'

+ne>p,ained optic atrophy.....................................................................................'Si9ns and symptoms.....................................................................................................'

Dia9nosis.......................................................................................................................'

Optic nerve :unction tests.........................................................................................5

$o,or vision................................................................................................................5

$ontrast sensitivity test.............................................................................................5

-upi,,ary eva,uation...................................................................................................5

6d9e,i9ht pupi, cyc,e time........................................................................................5

-hotostress recovery test..........................................................................................5

-u,:rich phenomenon.................................................................................................5

$rania, nerve e>amination.........................................................................................3

6>traocu,ar movements.............................................................................................3

Optic disc o*servation...............................................................................................3

-eripapi,,ary retina, nerve 8*er ,ayer o*servation.....................................................3

Retina, vesse, o*servation.........................................................................................3

"isua, 8e,d testin9.....................................................................................................3

6,ectroretino9ram....................................................................................................1

"isua,,y evo?ed response........................................................................................1

Di@erentia, Dia9noses.................................................................................................1

;reatment....................................................................................................................

Repertory o: Optic Nerve Atrophy............................................................................

#i*,io9raphy................................................................................................................2

De8nitionOptic nerve atrophy (ONA)) is a state o: the death o: the retina, 9an9,ion ce,, a>ons that

comprise the optic nerve !ith the resu,t as a pa,e optic nerve (-sora Syphi,is).

&t is an end sta9e that arises :rom count,ess causes o: optic nerve dama9e any!here a,on9

the path :rom the retina to the ,atera, 9enicu,ate. Since the optic nerve transmits retina,

in:ormation to the *rain optic atrophy is associated !ith vision ,oss in the :orm o: centra,

vision periphera, vision and co,our vision ,oss (-sora Syphi,is).

Dr. Rajneesh Kumar Sharma MD (Hom) 0


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-athophysio,o9y

Anatomy o: optic nerve;he optic nerve comprises appro>imate,y ./ mi,,ion a>ons ori9inatin9 :rom the 9an9,ion

ce,, ,ayer o: the retina. ;he a>ons o: the optic nerve are pro:ound,y mye,inated *y

o,i9odendrocytes and the a>ons once dama9ed do not re9enerate. ;hus the opticnerve *ehaves more ,i?e a !hite matter tract rather than a true periphera, nerve.

;he optic nerve is divided into :our parts

&ntraocu,ar part ( mm) a,so ?no!n as the optic nerve head

&ntraor*ita, part (/2 mm)

&ntracana,icu,ar part (2 mm)

&ntracrania, part (1 mm)

;he optic nerve head is mm deep .2 mm horiBonta,,y .5 mm vertica,,y at the retina,

,eve, and a ,itt,e !ider posterior,y. ;he optic nerve head is a major transition *et!een an

area o: hi9h pressure to an area o: ,o! pressure i.e. intracrania, pressure. ;he optic nerve

head comprises :our types o: ce,,s 9an9,ion ce,, a>ons astrocytes capi,,aryassociated

ce,,s and 8*ro*,asts. ;he optic nerve 8*ers pass throu9h the ,amina cri*rosa a sieve ,i?e

structure !ith /11011 ho,es that per:orate the choroid and the sc,era.

-hysio,o9y o: optic nerve;he optica, property o: norma, a>ons o: the optic disc is simi,ar to 8*er optic ca*,e. ;he

incident ,i9ht ori9inatin9 :rom the ophtha,moscope under9oes tota, interna, re=ection

throu9h the a>ona, 8*ers and is re=ected *ac? *y the capi,,aries on the disc sur:ace9ivin9 rise to the characteristic ye,,o!pin? co,or o: a hea,thy optic disc. ;he de9enerated

a>ons do not possess this optica, property ,eadin9 to the atrophic discCs pa,e appearance.

-ia, capi,,aries arisin9 :rom the circ,e o: innHa,,er supp,y the optic disc. ;hese capi,,aries

e>hi*it autore9u,ation and are not ,ea?y.



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;he Kesten*aum count is the num*er o: capi,,aries o*served on the optic disc. ;he

norma, count is appro>imate,y 1. &n optic atrophy the num*er o: these capi,,aries

reduces to ,ess than 4E in a hyperemic disc the count is more than /.

Histopatho,o9ic chan9es in optic atrophy

Shrin?a9e or ,oss o: *oth mye,in and a>is cy,inders (-sora)

ona, s!e,,in9s ($aja, end *u,*s)E may *e

o*served at the anterior cut end o: the 8*ers (-sora Syphi,is)

;ypesOptic atrophy is c,assi8ed as patho,o9ic ophtha,moscopic or etio,o9ic.

-atho,o9ic c,assi8cation

Antero9rade de9eneration&t is a,so ca,,ed Fa,,erian de9eneration. ($ausa occasiona,is -sora Syphi,is)

;o>ic retinopathy chronic simp,e 9,aucoma etc. may cause antero9rade opticnerve atrophy !ith deterioration *e9innin9 in the retina and proceedin9 to!ard the,atera, 9enicu,ate *ody in *rain.

A>on thic?ness determines the rate o: de9eneration. Gar9er a>ons disinte9ratemore rapid,y than sma,,er a>ons. ;he essentia, :eature is s!e,,in9 andde9eneration o: the a>on termina, in the ,atera, 9enicu,ate *ody (Gima, portion o: the a>on and proceeds to!ard the optic disc i.e. to the eye.($ausa occasiona,is -sora Sycosis)



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Dama9e to the retro*u,*ar portion o: the optic nerve the optic chiasma or the

optic tract causes patho,o9ic and visi*,e de9eneration o: the 9an9,ion ce,, *odysimu,taneous,y. (Syphi,is)

;ranssynaptic de9eneration

&n transsynaptic de9eneration a neuron on one side o: a synapse de9enerates asa conseuence o: the ,oss o: a neuron on the other side. (Syphi,is)

;his type o: de9eneration is o*served in patients !ith occipita, dama9e incurred

either in utero or durin9 ear,y in:ancy. (-sora $ausa occasiona,is)

Ophtha,moscopic c,assi8cation

-rimary optic atrophy&n conditions !ith primary optic atrophy e.9. pituitary tumor optic nerve tumor traumatic

optic neuropathy mu,tip,e sc,erosis etc. optic nerve 8*ers de9enerate in an order,y

manner and are rep,aced *y co,umns o: 9,ia, ce,,s !ithout a,teration in the architecture o:the optic nerve head. ;he disc is cha,?y !hite and sharp,y demarcated and the retina,

vesse,s are norma,. Gamina cri*rosa is !e,, de8ned. (-sora Sycosis)

Secondary optic atrophy&n conditions !ith secondary optic atrophy e.9. papi,,edema papi,,itis the atrophy is

secondary to papi,,edema (Sycosis). Optic nerve 8*ers e>hi*it mar?ed de9eneration !ith

e>cessive pro,i:eration o: 9,ia, tissue (-sora Sycosis Syphi,is). ;he architecture is ,ost

resu,tin9 in indistinct mar9ins. ;he disc is 9rey or dirty 9rey the mar9ins are poor,y

de8ned and the ,amina cri*rosa is o*scured due to pro,i:eratin9 8*ro9,ia, tissue

(Sycosis). Hya,ine *odies (corpora amy,acea) or drusen may *e o*served. -eripapi,,ary

sheathin9 o: arteries as !e,, as tortuous veins may *e o*served (Sycosis). -ro9ressive

contraction o: visua, 8e,ds may a,so *e seen (-sora Syphi,is).



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$onsecutive optic atrophy&n consecutive optic atrophy e.9. retinitis pi9mentosa myopia centra, retina, artery

occ,usion etc. the disc is !a>y pa,e !ith a norma, disc mar9in mar?ed attenuation o:

arteries and a norma, physio,o9ic cup (-sora Syphi,is).


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;empora, pa,,or optic atrophy;empora, pa,,or may *e o*served in traumatic or nutritiona, optic neuropathy and it is

most common,y seen in patients !ith mu,tip,e sc,erosis particu,ar,y in those !ith a

history o: optic neuritis (-sora Syphi,is). ;he disc is pa,e !ith a c,ear demarcated mar9inand norma, vesse,s and the physio,o9ic pa,,or tempora,,y is more distinct,y pa,e (-sora).

6tio,o9ic c,assi8cation

Hereditary;his is divided into con9enita, or in:anti,e optic atrophy (recessive or dominant :orm)

#ehr hereditary optic atrophy (autosoma, recessive) and Ge*er optic atrophy. (Syphi,is)

&n autosoma, type the a@ected individua,s 8rst e>perience a pro9ressive ,oss o: nerve

ce,,s !ithin the retina ca,,ed retina, 9an9,ion ce,,s. ;he ,oss o: these ce,,s is :o,,o!ed *y

the de9eneration o: the optic nerve. (Syphi,is)

&n I,in?ed optic atrophy type the patient presents !ith ear,yonset chi,dhood vision ,oss!ith s,o! pro9ression o: ,oss. (Syphi,is)

&n hereditary optic atrophy type 0 there is chi,dhoodonset vision ,oss !ith cataract. &t

can a,so *e associated !ith type &&& methy,9,utaconic aciduria. (Syphi,is)

$onsecutive atrophy$onsecutive atrophy is an ascendin9 type o: atrophy that usua,,y :o,,o!s diseases o: the

choroid or the retina e.9. chorioretinitis pi9mentary retina, dystrophy cere*romacu,ar

de9eneration etc. (-sora Syphi,is)

$ircu,atory atrophy

&t is an ischemic optic neuropathy o*served !hen the per:usion pressure o: the ci,iary*ody :a,,s *e,o! the intraocu,ar pressure. $ircu,atory atrophy is o*served in centra,

retina, artery occ,usion carotid artery occ,usion and crania, arteritis. (-sora Sycosis)



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Meta*o,ic atrophy&t is o*served in disorders such as thyroid ophtha,mopathy juveni,e dia*etes me,,itus

nutritiona, am*,yopia to>ic am*,yopia to*acco methy, a,coho, and dru9s ,i?e

etham*uto, su,phonamides. ($ausa occasiona,is -sora)

Demye,inatin9 atrophyDemye,inatin9 atrophy is o*served in diseases such as mu,tip,e sc,erosis and Devicdisease. (-sora Syphi,is)

-ressure or traction atrophy&t is o*served in diseases such as 9,aucoma and papi,,edema. ($ausa occasiona,is

Sycosis)

-ostin=ammatory atrophy-ostin=ammatory atrophy is o*served in optic neuritis perineuritis secondary to

in=ammation o: the menin9es and sinus and or*ita, ce,,u,ites. (-sora Sycosis)

;raumatic optic neuropathy;he optic nerve avu,sion and transection optic nerve sheath hematoma and optic nerveimpin9ement :rom a penetratin9 :orei9n *ody or *ony :ra9ment a,, re=ect traumatic

:orms o: optic nerve dys:unction that can ,ead to optic atrophy. ($ausa occasiona,is

-sora)

+ne>p,ained optic atrophyOptic atrophy that does not 8t into the a:orementioned 9roups reuires :urther

investi9ation.

Si9ns and symptoms

#,urred vision

A*norma, side vision

A*norma, co,or vision

Decreased *ri9htness in one eye re,ative to the other

-oor constriction o: the pupi, in ,i9ht

Decreased *ri9htness in one eye re,ative to the other

$han9e in the optic disc



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Dia9nosisA typica, investi9ation protoco, is as :o,,o!s

"isua, 8e,ds 01/ and :u,, 8e,d

MR& o: the *rain and or*its !ith contrast

$; scannin9 o: the *rain and or*its !ith contrast (in addition to spaceoccupyin9

,esion JSOG ,oo? :or sinusitis hyperpneumatiBed sinuses 8*rous dysp,asia)

#,ood 9,ucose ,eve,

#,ood pressure cardiovascu,ar e>amination

$arotid Dopp,er u,trasound study

"itamin #/ ,eve,s

"enerea, Disease Research Ga*oratory ("DRG);reponema pa,,idum

hema99,utination (;-HA) tests

Antinuc,ear anti*ody ,eve,s

Sarcoid e>amination

Homocysteine ,eve,s

Antiphospho,ipid anti*odies

6nByme,in?ed immunosor*ent assay (6G&SA) :or to>op,asmosis ru*e,,a

cytome9a,ovirus herpes simp,e> virus (;OR$H pane,)

Optic nerve :unction tests"isua, acuity is a measure o: overa,, :unction o: the optics and neura, components o: the

visua, system.

;he ,o9Mar chart is used :or this purpose. Stimu,us parameters a@ectin9 visua, acuity

inc,ude contrast o: the chart re:ractive error pupi, siBe stimu,us eccentricity duration o:

stimu,us presentation type o: optotype used i,,umination and cro!din9 phenomenon.

$o,or vision$o,or vision is more decreased in patients !ith optic nerve disorders than in those !ith

retina, disorders.



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$ontrast sensitivity test;his test measures the a*i,ity to perceive s,i9ht chan9es in ,uminance *et!een re9ions

that are not separated *y de8nite *orders. ;his is just as important as the a*i,ity to

perceive sharp out,ines o: re,ative,y sma,, o*jects.

-upi,,ary eva,uation-upi, siBe shou,d *e noted as !e,, as the ma9nitude and the ,atency o: the direct and

consensua, responses to ,i9ht and near stimu,ation. A re,ative a@erent pupi,,ary de:ect

(RA-D) is a ha,,mar? o: uni,atera, a@erent sensory a*norma,ity or *i,atera, asymmetric

visua, ,oss.

$,inica,,y it is 9raded as :o,,o!s

&mmediate di,ation o: the pupi, instead o: norma, initia, constriction (0L)

No chan9es in initia, pupi,,ary siBe :o,,o!ed *y di,ation o: the pupi,s (/L)

&nitia, constriction *ut 9reater escape to a ,ar9er intermediate siBe than !hen the,i9ht is s!un9 *ac? to norma, eye (trace)

6d9e,i9ht pupi, cyc,e timeA thin *eam o: ,i9ht is sho!n horiBonta,,y across the in:erior aspect o: the pupi,,ary

mar9in. ;he ,i9ht induces pupi,,ary constriction that moves the ,i9ht out o: the pupi,. ;he

pupi, then redi,ates unti, the *eam is once a9ain at the ed9e o: the pupi,,ary mar9in

!hereupon it constricts a9ain creatin9 another cyc,e.

;he time is ca,cu,ated in mi,,iseconds per cyc,e. A,ternative,y the num*er o: cyc,es in

minute is measured. ;he rate is norma,,y 311 mi,,iseconds per cyc,e.

-hotostress recovery test-rincip,evisua, pi9ments *,each !hen e>posed to an intense ,i9ht source resu,tin9 in a

transient state o: sensitivity ,oss and reduced centra, visua, acuity. ;he time needed to

return to !ithin one ,ine o: *estcorrected visua, acuity ,eve, is measuredE this time is the

photostress recovery time.

-u,:rich phenomenon&n optic nerve dama9e the transmission o: impu,ses to the occipita, corte> is de,ayed. &n

patients !ith uni,atera, or mar?ed,y asymmetric optic neuropathy !hen an osci,,atin9

sma,, tar9et in a :ronta, p,ane is vie!ed *inocu,ar,y the tar9et appears to move in an

e,,iptic path rather than in a toand:ro path.

$rania, nerve e>aminationA,, crania, nerves are e>amined to ru,e out associated nerve invo,vement to he,p

determine the site o: the ,esion.



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6>traocu,ar movementsRestriction can *e o*tained in cases o: compressive optic neuropathy due to either the

mass e@ect or the invo,vement o: the nerve supp,yin9 the musc,e.

Optic disc o*servationOptic disc chan9es can present !ith tempora, pa,,or (as seen in to>ic neuropathy and

nutritiona, de8ciency) :oca, pa,,or or *o!tie pa,,or (as seen in compression o: the optic

chiasma) and cuppin9 (as seen in 9,aucomatous optic atrophy).

&n the ear,y sta9es o: the atrophic process the optic disc ,oses its reddish hue and the

su*stance o: the disc s,o!,y disappears ,eavin9 a pa,e sha,,o! concave meniscus the

e>posed ,amina cri*rosa. &n the end sta9es o: the atrophic process the retina, vesse,s o:

the norma, ca,i*er sti,, emer9e centra,,y throu9h the other!ise avascu,ar disc.

oca, or di@use o*,iteration o: the neuroretina, rim !ith preservation o: co,or o: any

remainin9 rim tissue is speci8c :or 9,aucoma.

-atho,o9ic optic disc cuppin9 a,so deve,ops in patients !ith norma, intraocu,ar pressures

and optic atrophy :rom various causes inc,udin9 ischemia compression in=ammationhereditary disorders and trauma.

-eripapi,,ary retina, nerve 8*er ,ayer o*servation6ar,y :oca, ,oss o: a>ons is represented *y the deve,opment o: dar? s,its or !ed9es in the

peripapi,,ary retina, nerve 8*er ,ayer. ;hese s,its or *ands appear dar?er or redder than

the adjacent hea,thy tissue.

Retina, vesse, o*servation&n most cases o: optic atrophy the retina, arteries are narro!ed or attenuated. &n cases o:

nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy the vesse,s may *e :oca,,y narro!ed orcomp,ete,y o*,iterated.

Dr. Rajneesh Kumar Sharma MD (Hom) /


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"isua, 8e,d testin9ie,d testin9 methods inc,ude ?inetic and static. &n the ?inetic method the contours o: the

is,and are mapped at di@erent ,eve,s resu,tin9 in one isopter :or each ,eve, tested. &n the

static method the vertica, contours o: the is,and are mapped a,on9 a se,ected meridian.

As per the areas tested the visua, 8e,d is divided into the centra, visua, 8e,d !hich has a

01de9ree radius and anythin9 *eyond 01 de9rees is ca,,ed periphera, visua, testin9.

;he centra, visua, 8e,d can *e tested usin9 an Ams,er 9rid con:rontation

techniues a tan9ent screen and a *o!, perimeter.

-eriphera, visua, testin9 inc,udes automated perimetry and manua, perimetry.Automated perimetry tests the centra, 41 de9rees o: the visua, 8e,d !hereasmanua, perimetry tests the entire visua, 8e,d.

&n optic neuropathy visua, 8e,d chan9es can inc,ude en,ar9ement o: the *,ind spot and

paracentra, scotoma e.9. optic neuropathy a,titudina, de:ects e.9. anterior ischemic optic

neuropathy optic neuritis and *itempora, de:ects e.9. compressive ,esions simi,ar tooptic chiasma tumors.

6,ectroretino9ramA*norma, e,ectroretino9ram (6Ric neuropathy

Ne9ative Fhen a ,ar9e a!ave is seenE may *e due to 9iant ce,, arteritis centra,

retina, artery occ,usion or centra, retina, vein occ,usion

6>tin9uished Response seen in comp,ete optic atrophy

"isua,,y evo?ed response&n optic neuritis the visua,,y evo?ed response ("6R) has an increased ,atency period and

a decreased amp,itude as compared to the norma, eye. $ompressive optic ,esions tend to

reduce the amp,itude o: the "6R !hi,e producin9 a minima, shi:t in the ,atency.

Di@erentia, Dia9nosesFhen e>aminin9 a patient !ith a pa,e disc determine primari,y i: the pa,,or is

physio,o9ic. Nonpatho,o9ic disc pa,,or is o*served in the :o,,o!in9

A>ia, myopia ;he optic disc has a se9menta, !hitish appearance due to an o*,iue

an9,e o: insertion o: the optic nerve and nasa, disp,acement o: the optic nervecontents.



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Mye,inated nerve 8*ers eathery mar9ins are due to the super8cia, ,ocation

usua,,y adjacent to the disc.

Optic nerve pit Sma,, co,o*omas are most o:ten ,ocated in the in:erotempora,

portion o: the disc.

;i,ted disc can cause con:usion.

Optic nerve hypop,asia has a dou*,e rin9 si9n and the inner rin9 is actua,,y the

optic disc mar9in.

Sc,era, crescent areas are devoid o: retina, pi9ment epithe,ium.

Optic disc drusen

undus vie!in9 throu9h an intraocu,ar ,ens imp,ant

#ri9hterthannorma, ,uminosity ;he ,uminosity o: an indirect ophtha,moscope is

appro>imate,y /111 ,u> and that o: a direct ophtha,moscope is up to 311 ,u>. Adisc appears pa,e i: the ,uminosity o: the instrument is *ri9hter than norma,.

;reatmentO-;&$ N6R"6 D&SORD6RS &N . Atro. aurar. A+RMN. Aurm. Aurs. A+R. *arc. *ars. #6GG.

*end. *enn. *or>. *oth. #ov. #ry. *u:o ca,c:. $a,csi,. $AG$. camph. $anni. canns. canth.

$aps. car*an. $ar*v. car*no. $ar*ns. card*. $A+S;. cedr. cench. cham. $he,. $hin. chinin

s. ch,o,. ch,oram. chrysar. cic. cimic. cina c,em. $occ. co,ch. $ON. conv. croc. croth. cupr.

$yc,. cypr. daph. di9. di9o>. diphttpt. dros. Du*. du*oin. du,c. 6GA-S erya. 6uphr. :errar.

:errma. err. 8,. =ac. m. N+I". O,nd.

onos. Op. Osm. O>ac. o>yt. par. perh. -etr. -HA$. phosh. -HOS. phys. picac. pi,o. pipm.

p,at. -G#A$;. p,*>yB. -,*. -sor. -+GS. RH+S;. R+;A sa*ad. sa*in. Santin. sarr. sars. S6$.

sene9. S6-. S&G. so,ni. so,t. S-&yB. stry. su,:a.

S+G-H. syph. ;A#. tha,>yB. tha,. ;H+P. thyr. to>o9. tri,c. tri,p. upa. vanad. "eratv. verat.

ver*. vi*. vio,o. incp. &N$-H&$. &N$.

Repertory o: Optic Nerve Atrophy$onstitutions O$$+-A;&ONS 9enera, :oundry men diseases o: optic nerve and retinaMerc.66 AN6M&A o: optic nerve tea drin?ers in Spi9.66 AN6M&A o: optic nerve a,uminp. di9. ?a,ip. spi9.



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66 AN6M&A o: Optic nerve a,ump. di9. ?a,ip.66 A;RO-H Optic nerve a,coho,ic drin?sE :rom nu>v.66 A;RO-H Optic nerve to*accoE :rom ars. nu>v.66 A;RO-H Optic nerve a9ar. a,ump. Ar9n. ars. ato>. *e,,. car*ns. cina hyos. iodo:.,ach. Nu>v. -HOS. -G#. santin. Stryn. stryp. syph.;a*. tha,>yB. veratv. Bincp.66 A;RO-H optic nerve o: into>icants :rom ha*itua, use o: nu>v.

66 A;RO-H optic nerve o: to*acco :rom ars.66 A;RO-H optic nerve o: a9ar. a,uminp. ar9n. ars. car*no. car*ns. 8,. iodo:. natar.Nu>v. -HOS. santin. Stryn. syph.;a*.66 A;RO-H o: optic nerve to*acco :rom ars.66 A;RO-H o: optic nerve Nu>v. -HOS.;a*.66 $A;ARA$; opacity o: ,ens optica, i,,usions !ith amm.66 D&S$OGORA;&ON pa,e optic disc Q ri9ht sec.66 D&S$OGORA;&ON pa,e optic disc acetan. *end. car*ns. chin. chinins. sec. ta*.66 D&S$OGORA;&ON pa,e Optic dis?s acetan.66 H-6R6M&A Optic dis?s accompanied *y RetinaE en,ar9ed *,ood vesse,s o: *e,,. onos.66 &NGAMMA;&ON optic nerve a*use o: to*acco and a,coho, a:ter Nu>v.66 &NGAMMA;&ON Optic nerve accompanied *y Optic dis?E s!e,,in9 o: *e,,. *ry. du*.9e,s. he,,. nu>v. pu,s. veratv.66 &NGAMMA;&ON optic nerve Q cho?ed *e,,. *ry. du*oin. 9e,s. he,,. nu>v. pu,s. veratv.66 &NGAMMA;&ON optic nerve Q descendin9 ars. cupr. mercc.66 &NGAMMA;&ON optic nerve Apis ars. #e,,. *ry. car*no. car*ns. ch,oram. cina cupr.du*oin. 9e,s. he,,. iodo:. ?a,ii. Mercc. merc. nu>v. -hos. picac. p,*. -u,s. rhust. santin. su,:a.ta*. thyr. veratv.66 &NGAMMA;&ON Optic nerve Apis ars. #e,,. car*ns. diphttpt. 9ermmet. ?a,ii. Mercc.merc. mor*. nu>v. -hos. picac. p,*. -u,s. rhust. santin. su,:a. ta*. tha,>yB. thyr. to>o9.66 &NGAMMA;&ON optic nerve #e,,. -hos. p,*. -u,s. ta*.66 &RR&;A;&ON optic nerve phos.66 &RR&;A;&ON optic nerve phos.66 &RR&;A;&ON Optic nerve phosh. phos.66 O-;&$ nerveE comp,aints o: ar9n. aur. *e,,. chin. cina di9. 8,. ,ach. ,ycpr. nu>v. onos.

p,at. p,*. ta*.66 -A&N e>tendin9 to $hiasmaE optic anh.66 -ARAGS&S Optic nerve accompanied *y -upi,sE contracted Sep. inc.66 -ARAGS&S Optic nerve accompanied *y Retina, hemorrha9e *oth.66 -ARAGS&S Optic nerve de,iveryE durin9 aurm.66 -ARAGS&S Optic nerve headacheE !ith severe iris Binc.66 -ARAGS&S Optic nerve Q incipient Antt. aur. $aps. $aust. $hin. du,c. hyos. Merc. Natm. -+GS. Rhust. Ruta sep. Si,. Spi9. Su,ph.66 -ARAGS&S Optic nerve Q mastur*ation 9e,s.66 -ARAGS&S Optic nerve Q ri9ht #ov.66 -ARAGS&S Optic nerve ri9ht stoo, ame,. apis66 -ARAGS&S Optic nerve ri9ht then ,e:t $hin.66 -ARAGS&S Optic nerve Acon. a9ar. a,um. amc. amm. am*r. anac. anan. an9. antc.antsaur. antt. apis Ar9met. ar9n. arn. arss:. Ars. asa:. aurar. Aurmn. Aurm. aurs. aur.*arc. *ars. #6GG. *enn. *or>. *oth. #ov. *ry. *u:o ca,csi,. $a,c. camph. canns. canth. caps.car*an. car*v. card*. $aust. cench. cham. $he,. $hin. chinins. cic. cocc. $ON. croc. cyc,.daph. di9. dros. du,c. 6,aps euphr. :errar. :errma. err. =ac. m.



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Nu>v. o,nd. Op. o>yt. par. petr. -hac. -HOS. -,*act. p,*>yB. -,*. -sor. -+GS. Rhust. Rutasa*ad. sa*in. santin. sars. S6$. sene9. Sep. S&G. so,ni. so,t. spi9. staph. S;RAM. strontc. stry>yB. stry. S+G-H. syph.;a*. tha,>yB.;huj. upa. vanad. veratv. verat. ver*. vi*. Bincp. Binc.66 -ARAGS&S optic nerveamaurosis ri9ht then ,e:t $hin.66 -ARAGS&S optic nerveamaurosis Q ri9ht #ov.66 -ARAGS&S optic nerveamaurosis anac. anan. Ar9met. ar9n. Ars. Aurmn. Aurm. aur.

*arc. #6GG. *oth. #ov. *ry. *u:o $a,c. caps. $aust. $he,. $hin. chinins. cic. cocc. $ON. croc.di9. dros. du,c. 6,aps euphr. :errar. err. =ac. v. o,nd. Op. petr. -hac.-HOS. -,*. -sor. -+GS. Rhust. Ruta S6$. Sep. S&G. spi9. staph. S;RAM. S+G-H. syph. ;huj.verat. vi*. inc.66 -ARAGS&S o: optic nerve amaurosis #ri9hts disease in Apis Ars. $anni. co,ch. . *oth. #ov. *ry. *u:o $a,csi,. $a,c. camph. canni.canns. canth. caps. car*an. car*v. car*no. card*. $aust. cench. cham. $he,. $hin. chinins.cic. cocc. co,ch. $ON. croc. cyc,. daph. di9. dros. du*oin. du,c. 6,aps euphr. :errar. :errma.err. =ac. m. Nu>v. o,nd. Op. o>yt. par. petr. -hac. -HOS.-,*act. -,*. -sor. -+GS. Rhust. Ruta sa*ad. sa*in. santin. sars. S6$. sene9. Sep. S&G. so,ni.so,t. spi9. staph. S;RAM. strontc. stry>yB. S+G-H. syph. ta*. tha,.;huj. upa. vanad. veratv.verat. ver*. vi*. incphic. inc.66 SF6GG&N< Optic dis?s arn. ars. nats. perh.66S AN6M&A nerves optic tea drin?ers in S-&icants :rom ha*itua, use o: nu>v.66S A;RO-H nerves optic to*acco :rom ars.66S A;RO-H nerves optic a9ar. a,uminp. ar9n. ars. car*no. car*ns. 8,. iodo:. natar.N+I". -HOS. santin. S;RN. syph.;A#.66S A;RO-H retina disc optic partia, iodo:.6yes A;RO-H conjunctiva optic disc o: partia, iodo:.6yes A;RO-H conjunctiva optic nerve into>icants :rom ha*itua, use o: nu>v.6yes A;RO-H conjunctiva optic nerve to*acco :rom ars. con. phos.6yes A;RO-H conjunctiva optic nerve a9ar. a,ump. ar9n. ars. car*no. car*ns. $on. 8,.iodo:. natar. Nu>v. -HOS. santin. Stryn. syph.;a*.66S $A;ARA$; opacity o: ,ens optica, i,,usions !ith amm.6yes $A;ARA$; opacity o: ,ens optica, i,,usions !ith amm.66S D&S$HARv.sec. syph. ta*.



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66S D&S$OGORA;&ON redness nerves optic car*ns.66S D&S$OGORA;&ON !hite nerves optic ta*.6yes D&S$OGORA;&ON eyes pa,e optic disc Q ri9ht sec.6yes D&S$OGORA;&ON eyes pa,e optic disc acetan. *end. car*ns. chin. chinins. sec. ta*.66S DRN6SS 9enera, disc optic chinins.66S 6NGARv. -HOS. picac. p,*. -+GS. rhust. santin.su,:a. ta*. thyr. veratv.6yes &NGAMMA;&ON eyes optic nerve a*use o: to*acco and a,coho, a:ter Nu>v.6yes &NGAMMA;&ON eyes optic nerve Q cho?ed *e,,. *ry. du*oin. 9e,s. he,,. nu>v. pu,s.veratv.6yes &NGAMMA;&ON eyes optic nerve Q descendin9 ars. cupr. mercc.6yes &NGAMMA;&ON eyes optic nerve Apis ars. #e,,. *ry. car*no. car*ns. ch,oram. cinacupr. du*oin. 9e,s. he,,. iodo:. ?a,ii. Mercc. merc. nu>v. -hos. picac. p,*. -u,s. rhust. santin.su,:a. ta*. thyr. veratv.66S &RR&;A;&ON nerves optic phos. ta*.6yes &RR&;A;&ON to eyes optic nerve phos.66S O-A$&; haBiness retina disc optic car*ns. ta*.66S Optic dis?s Hyperemic retina, vesse,s en,ar9ed *e,,. onos.66S Optic dis?s -a,,or visua, 8e,d contracted retina, vesse,s shrun?en acetan.66S Optic nerve Q Atrophy a9ar. ar9n. ato>. car*ns. iodo:. nu>v. -hos. santin. Stryn. ta*.66S Optic nerve Q &n=ammation Apis ars. *e,,. car*ns. ?a,ii. Mercc. nu>v. picac. p,*. pu,s.rhust. santin. ta*. thyr.66S Optic nerve Neuritis Q cho?ed *e,,. *ry. du*. 9e,s. he,,. nu>v. pu,s. veratv.66S Optic nerve Neuritis Q descendin9 ars. cupr. mercc.

66S Optic nerve Q -ara,ysis nu>v. o>yt. phac.66S Optic nerve ar9n. aur. *e,,. chin. cina di9. 8,. ,ach. nu>v. onos. p,at. p,*. ta*.66S Optica, hyperaesthesia chrysar.66S -A&N nerves optic cedr. c,em. pipm. sarr.66S -A&N pressin9 nerves optic c,em.66S -A&N sore *ruised nerves optic sarr.66S -ARAGS&S nerves optic nerve amaurosis *ri9hts disease in A-&S ARS. $ANN&.co,ch.


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6yes -ARAGS&S eyes optic nerve amaurosis *ri9hts disease in Apis Ars. $anni. co,ch.


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:errma. err. =ac. m. Nu>v. o,nd. Op. o>yt. par. petr. -hac. -HOS. -,*act. -,*. -sor. -+GS. Rhust. Ruta sa*ad. sa*in. santin. sars. S6$. sene9. Sep.S&G. so,ni. so,t. spi9. staph. S;RAM. strontc. stry. S+G-H. syph. ta*. tha,.;huj. upa. vanad.veratv. verat. ver*. vi*. incp. inc.

66S -ROM&N6N; veins optic dis? AMGNS. #6GG.66S Retina HyperaesthesiaE optica, #e,,. cimic. con. ,i,t. macro. Nu>v. O>ac. phos. stry.66S SMAGG veins optic dis? am,ns.66S "ision Optica, i,,usions #,ac? *e:ore eyes a9ar. Atro. *e,,. $ar*v. $ar*ns. chin. cyc,.di9. ,ach. ,yc. ma9c. ma9p. merc. natm. phos. phys. sep. strontc.;a*. Binc.66S "ision Optica, i,,usions #,ue *e:ore eyes croth. tri,c. tri,p.66S "ision Optica, i,,usions $on:usion o: co,ors #e,,. ca,c. croc. merc. -u,s. ruta staph.stram.66S "ision Optica, i,,usions ,ashes =ames =ic?erin9 a9ar. a,oe #e,,. ca,c:. caust. c,em.$yc,. 9,on. hep. i9n. &ris ,yc. phos. phys. pu,s. sene9. vio,o.66S "ision Optica, i,,usions Q . Santin.66S "ision para,ysis o: optic nerve acon. A9ar. a,um. amc. amm. am*r. Anac. an9. antc.antt. arn. ars. asa:. A+R. #arc. #6GG. *or>. #ry. $AG$. camph. canth. $aps. car*an. car*v.

$A+S;. cham. $he,. $H&N. $ic. $occ. $ON. $roc. cyc,. D&v. O,nd. Op. par. -etr. phac. -HOS. -,*. -+GS. RH+S;. R+;A sa*ad. sa*in. sars. S6$.sene9. Sep. S&G. Spi9. Staph. S;RAM. strontc. S+G-H. thuj. "6RA;. ver*. inc.K&DN6S &NGAMMA;&ON accompanied *y Optic nerveE para,ysis o: p,*.Neuritis Q optic p,*."6R;&


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"ision para,ysis o: optic nerve #e,,. *ov. $aust. con. amination in O,der Adu,ts $rania, Nerve && Optic HaBBardCs


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$hapter /. Optics % Re:raction

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Optic Nerve Atrophy and Homoeopathy