OPTICAL FIBER CABLES - · PDF file3 4 GENERALITIES An optical transmission system can be resumed as follows: Source of digital signals / transmitting electrical-optical converter

OPTICAL FIBER CABLES

INTRODUCTION

QUALITY ASSURANCE

RECOMMENDED ORDERING PARAMETERS

GENERALITIES :

4.1 Advantage

4.2 General Description

4.2.1 Construction

4.2.2 Principle

TYPICAL SPECIFICATIONS OF OPTICAL FIBERS

OPTICAL FIBER CABLES

6.1 Loose tube, non metallic, jelly filled cables.

6.2 Loose tube, metallic, jelly filled cables.

6.3 Self supported, Loose tube, metallic or non metallic,

jelly filled cables.

6.4 Unitube, metallic, jelly filled cables.

6.5 Optical cord.

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CONTENTS

Devoted to the manufacturing of electric and telecomcables, Liban Cables is the first and largest supplier inLebanon and a leader in the Middle-East region.

Liban Cables was founded in 1967 by a group ofLebanese industrialists backed up by the technicalassistance of two international leading firms :

- Les Cables de Lyon - France (became ALCATEL afterwards

and NEXANS by end 2000)

- Phelps Dodge - U.S.A.

Staffed with qualified engineers and highly skilledtechnicians, our plant is located in Nahr-Ibrahim at 30Km from Beirut, where cables are designed andmanufactured according to all internationalspecifications : IEC, VDE, UTE, BS and others oncustomer request.

Early after its foundation, Liban Cables has become themajor supplier of the Lebanese market in both the publicand private sectors. The product range of Liban Cablescovers all Copper and Aluminium electric cables, aswell as copper and fiber optic communication cables, inaddition to a wide variety of special cablesmanufactured on customer request.

High quality cables, continuous developments of theproduction range, direct and fast shipments havecontributed in rendering Liban Cables an importantexporter for many countries on the three limitrophecontinents (Asia, Europe, Africa). Liban Cablesproducts are particularly appreciated by administrationsand international contractors operating in the region andseeking reliable and direct supplies of power andcommunication cables.

1 INTRODUCTION

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Step by step, from raw material to final product, quality constitutes a major concern toLiban Cables.

Raw material are continuously and repetitively tested from trial orders till the last batchreceived afterwards.

Products are tested within two simultaneous procedures :

- A built in quality control system carried out by the production itself at any step of workin process.

- A parallel and contradictory procedure is also carried out on the same stages andproducts by independent inspectors reporting to the quality control service.

End users and/or third part inspection authorities are also constantly commissioning thefinished products and assessing the strict conformity to ordered specifications.

In fact, our ISO 9001 certification stated in Feb 1997 by the International CertificationNetwork (EQNET) is certified by the French Association for Quality Assurance (AFAQ),the well known rigourous and independant accredited European assessor. Thiscertification, which upgraded to ISO 9001:2000 on February 2003, under referenceAFAQ Nº QUAL / 1997 / 7034 a, confirms the soundness and the performance of theQuality System we apply for the Design, the Development, the Manufacturing and theMarketing & Sales of all our products.

For prompt quotation / supplies, please make sure your inquiries and your orders aresecuring the following data :

1 - International or Special Standard. (Alternatively, the precise usage of the cable.)

2 - Constructional details.

3 - Other requirements.

4 - Packing.

5 - Required delivery time.

6 - Required validity.

2 QUALITY

3 RECOMMENDED ORDERING PARAMETERS

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4 GENERALITIES

An optical transmission system can be resumed as follows:

Source of digital signals / transmitting electrical-optical converter / Optical Fiber cable /Possible repeaters for signal regeneration / Receiving optical electrical converter / digitalreceiver.

4.1 ADVANTAGE

Major economical and technical advantages of Optical Fiber cables are :

* LOW COST

* HIGH TRANSMISSION SPEED FOR MORE DATA

* LOW ATTENUATION, WHICH MEANS A GREATER DISTANCEBETWEEN REGENERATORS OR TERMINAL EQUIPMENT

* SMALL SIZE AND LIGHT WEIGHT CABLES

* NO CROSSTALK

* NO ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE

For comparisons with conventional cables the necessity of optical transmitters andreceivers must be considered.

TransmittingElectrical / Optical Converter

Optical Fiber Cable ReceivingOptical / Electrical Converter

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4.2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION

4.2.1 CONSTRUCTION

Optical fibers used for communication are mostly made from silica, which, in pure form,has a very low loss in infrared region of the optical spectrum. An optical fiber isconstructed with a cylindrical core of a higher index of refraction than the claddingmaterial. This difference in index of refraction gives the fiber its light guiding properties,as explained in hereafter principle of light transmission. The index of refraction of eitherthe core or the cladding are changed from the values of pure silica by the incorporation ofsmall amounts of doping materials, such as phosphorus and germanium.

The fiber is protected with a layer of coating material, which is usually an acrylate,although silicone coating are sometimes used. Individual fibers are then placed into slots,tubes, bundles, or ribbons to form units which are stranded together to form the cablecore. Several layers of protective sheating, depending upon the application, are added toform the cable.

The primary function of the optical fiber is to protect the fibers from damage duringinstallation and use. Optical fiber cable structure can be categorized as follows:

Construction 1 - All dielectric cable in which the strength members and / or sheathing are dielectric

Construction 2 - Cable in which metallic materials are used for strength members orsheathing or both.

The cable structure must isolate the fibers from impact loads because the fibers do notdeform plastically and have little capacity to absorb energy.The tensile-load carrying members may be located at the longitudinal neutral axis of thecable, or over the cable core in the cable jacket, or any combination of the above.

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4.2.2 PRINCIPLE

The principle of light transmission in an optical fiber is based on the total reflection, i.e. iflight falls with a certain angle ß on the interface of an optical medium having a higherrefractive index n1, and an optical medium having a lower trfractive index n2, it is totallyreflected. The angle, under which light is totally reflected, is given by the followingreflection formula :

According to this principle, an optical waveguide must be so constructed that an interfacebetween an optical medium with a low refractive index and an optical medium with ahigher refractive index is built. This can be accomplished with a thin light transmittingcore having a refractive index n1, and a surrounding optical cladding having a lowerrefractive index n2, so that the light is totally reflected at the interfaces.

The max. limit angle of the total reflection βmax. has a corresponding max. angle ofincidence in the fiber α max..

The sine of this angle is called the numerical aperture NA. That is the dominating valuefor coupling optical waveguides with each other, or optical transmitters with opticalwaveguides, or optical waveguides with receivers respectively.

The transmission characteristics of an optical waveguide are determined by the size of thecore, the profile curve in core and cladding as well as by the uniformity of the profile.

Single Mode Fibers : Single-mode fibers are constructed such that only one modepropagates at the system operating wavelengths.

Multimode Fibers : Typical ,ultimode fibers support hundreds of propagating modes,each of which travels at a different velocity.

cos. β = n2

n1

NA = sin α max. = √ n12-n2

2

radius

1.47

refractiveindex

α max.

βmax. Coating

Core Cladding

n1

n2

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5 TYPICAL SPECIFICATIONS OF OPTICAL FIBERSFIBERS WITHE DIFFERENT SPECIFICATIONS ARE AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST

SINGLE MODE FIBERS

Optical Characteristics

Attenuation Coefficient1285 - 1330 nm1550 nm

Zero dispersion wavelength

Zero dispersion slope

Dispersion coefficient1285 - 1330 nm1550 nm

Mode Field Diameter (1310 nm)

Cut-Off Wavelenth1)

Geometrical Characteristics

MFD Non-CircularityMFD / Cladding Concentricity ErrorCladding DiameterCladding Non-CircularityCoating DiameterCoating Concenticity Error

≤ 0.36≤ 0.22

(dB/km)≤ 0.38≤ 0.25

(nm)

(ps/(nm2.km))

(ps/(nm.km))

(µm)

(nm)

(%)(µm)(µm)(%)

(µm)(µm)

≤ 0.4≤ 0.3

≥ 1300≤ 1322

≤ 0.095

≤ 3.5≤ 18

9.3 _+ 0.5

1215 _+ 65

< 6.0≤ 1.0125 _+ 2< 2.0250 _+ 15≤ 12.5

ConstructionSingle mode complying to ITU-T recommendation G652.Light guiding core made of ultrapure silica glass with dopant materials - opticalcladding made of silica glass - coating of UV-reactive acrylate system.

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MULTIMODE FIBERS (50 / 125)


Attenuation Coefficient (dB / km)@ 850 nm@ 1300 nm

Minimum modal bandwith (MHz.km)@ 850 nm@ 1300 nm

Numerical Aperture


Core DiameterCore Non-CircularityCore/Cladding Concetricity ErrorCladding DiameterCladding Non-CircularityCoating DiameterCoating Concentricity Error

≤ 2.3≤ 0.6

400800

8001200

≤ 2.5≤ 0.8

6001000

(µm)(%)(%)

(µm)(%)

(µm)(µm)

≤ 3.0≤ 1.0

10001500

0.20 _+ 0.02

50 _+ 3< 6.0≤ 6125 _+ 3< 2.0250 _+ 15≤ 12.5

ConstructionMultimode 50/125 complying to IEC 60793 / 2Light guiding core made of ultrapure silica glass with dopant materials - opticalcladding made of silica glass - coating of UV-reactive acrylate system.

MULTIMODE FIBERS (62.5 / 125)


Attenuation Coefficient (dB / km)@ 850 nm@ 1300 nm

Minimum modal bandwith (MHz.km)@ 850 nm@ 1300 nm

Numerical Aperture


Core DiameterCore Non-CircularityCore/Cladding Concetricity ErrorCladding DiameterCladding Non-CircularityCoating DiameterCoating Concentricity Error

≤ 2.7≤ 0.6

160500

≤ 0.9

250600

≤ 3.0

(µm)(%)(%)

(µm)(%)

(µm)(µm)

≤ 3.2

400800

0.275 _+ 0.02

62.5 _+ 3< 6.0≤ 6125 _+ 3< 2.0250 _+ 15≤ 12.5

ConstructionMultimode 62.5/125 complying to IEC 60793 / 2Light guiding core made of ultrapure silica glass with dopant materials - opticalcladding made of silica glass - coating of UV-reactive acrylate system.

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6 OPTICAL FIBER CABLES

6.1 LOOSE TUBE, NON METALLIC JELLY FILLED CABLES

Dielectric cable, longitudinally water-tight, non detectable and insensitive to theelectromagnetic external perturbations

CONSTRUCTION

OPTICAL FIBERMultimode or Singlemode accordingto ITU-T and IEC recommendationswith a 250 µm nominal outer diameter.

CENTRAL STRENGTH MEMBERFiber glass reinforced plastic material,sheathed or non-sheathed withthermoplastic material (see assemblydrawing examples).

TUBEThermoplastic material containingOptical Fibers and filled with suitablewater-tightness compound.

FILLERThermoplastic cylinder which canreplace a tube in the cable strand.StrandingTubes and eventually fillers areassembled in one layer around thecentral strength member (seeassembly drawing examples).FillingBy injection in the cable core of asuitable water-tightness compound.

MECHANICAL REINFORCMENTHelically laid and water-tightnesscompound impregnated aramid orequivalent type yarns.

CABLE CORE PROTECTIONPlastic tapes helically or longitudinal-ly applied.

OUTER SHEATHBlack polyethylene.Marking on sheathIdentification of manufacturer.Year of manufacture.Number and type of fibers.Length marking.IdentificationFIBERS : Individually colouredaccording to a colour code.TUBES : colouring.

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ASSEMBLY DRAWING EXAMPLES

With tubes containing a maximum of 6 fibers

Up to 30 optical fibers1 to 6 tubes

1 to 36 optical fibers7 or 8 tubes

from 37 to 48 optical fibers9 or 10 tubes

from 49 to 60 optical fibers



TUBE

FILLER

STRENGTH MEMBERsheathed withthermoplastic material

NOTApossibility of manufacture with tubes containing 8 - 10 - 12 fibers

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Characteristics

Number of optical fibers

Nominal outer diameter

Weight (approximate)

Maximum Tensile load (*)

Minimum bending radius

-Static

-Dynamic

Crush resistance

Temperature range

Nominal delivery lengths

(mm)

(kg/km)

(daN)

(mm)

(mm)

(daN/cm)

(0C)

(m)

1 to 6

1 to 36

13

130

270

150

200

30

1200/2100/2400

7 or 8

from 37 to 48

14.5

165

270

200

250

30

-30

1200/2100/2400

9 or 10

from 49 to 60

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200

270

300

350

30

+60

1200/2100/2400

11 or 12

from 61 to 72

17.5

240

270

300

350

30

1200/2100/2400

Number of tubes (with a maximum of 6 Fibers per tube)

(*) Corresponding elongation on the fiber ≤ 1.5‰n.b.: Informations subject to change without notice.

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6.2 LOOSE TUBE, METALLIC JELLY FILLED CABLES- Longitudinally water-tight cable- Type A : Non armoured - duct pulling- Type B : Armoured - Underground

or cross-river laying.CONSTRUCTION

OPTICAL FIBERMultimode or Singlemode accordingto ITU-T and IEC recommendationswith a 250 µm nominal outer diameter.

CENTRAL STRENGTH MEMBERNon metallic : Fiber glass reinforcedplastic material.Metallic : Solid wire or stranded, bareor phosphated steel wires.sheathed or non-sheathed withthermoplastic material. (see assemblydrawing examples).


FILLERThermoplastic cylinder which canreplace a tube in the cable strand.StrandingTubes and eventually fillers areassembled in one layer around thecentral strength member (seeassembly drawing examples).FillingBy injection in the cable core of asuitable water-tightness compound.

CABLE CORE PROTECTIONPlastic tapes helically or longitudinal-ly applied.TYPE A - LAP TAPE/SHEATH

MOISTURE BARRIER LAP TAPE

OUTER SHEATHBlack polyethylene.TYPE B - ARMOURED

INNER SHEATH (One “LAP” tape can beapplied under the inner sheath) polyethylene.

ARMOURMechanical and rodent protection bysteel tape or wires armouring.

OUTER SHEATHBlack polyethylene.

Marking on sheathIdentification of manufacturer.Year of manufacture.Number and type of fibers.Length marking.IdentificationFIBERS : Individually colouredaccording to a colour code.TUBES : colouringOPTION : Protection against fire

or - OUTER SHEATHThermoplastic, flame retardant, withhalogen or halogen free material.

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1010

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TYPE B TYPE A

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ASSEMBLY DRAWING EXAMPLES

With tubes containing a maximum of 6 fibers


1 to 36 optical fibers7 or 8 tubes

from 37 to 48 optical fibers9 or 10 tubes




TUBE

FILLER

STRENGTH MEMBERsheathed withthermoplastic material

NOTApossibility of manufacture with tubes containing 8 - 10 - 12 fibers


Characteristics

Central strength member

Maximum number of tubesMaximum number of optical fibersNominal inner sheath thicknessNominal diensions of armouringNominal outer sheath thicknessNominal outer diameterWeight (approximate)Maximum Tensile load (*)Minimum bending radius-Static-DynamicCrush resistanceTemperature rangeNominal delivery lengths

Type :size :

(mm)(mm)(mm)(mm)

(kg/km)(daN)

(mm)(mm)

(daN/cm)(0C)(m)

636

213130270

15020030

-40 +701200/2100/2400

6361.5

thickness: 0.15216370270

20025045

-40 +701200/2100/2400

6361.5

45 wires diameter: 2.02

26.518003000

40080050

-40 +701200/2100/2400

Type of cables

(*) Corresponding elongation on the fiber ≤ 1.5‰n.b.: Informations subject to change without notice.

Type BType AUnarmoured 1 corrugated steel tape 2 layers of steel wires

metallic stranded wires19 wires 0.6 mm diameter

metallic solid wire3mm diameter

metallic solid wire3mm diameter

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6.3 SELF SUPPORTED, LOOSE TUBE, METALLIC OR NON METALLIC JELLYFILLED CABLES

- Longitudinally water-tight cable- Type A : Non armoured cables- Type B : Armoured cables

CONSTRUCTION

OPTICAL FIBERMultimode or Singlemode accordingto ITU-T and IEC recommendationswith a 250 µm nominal outer diameter.CENTRAL STRENGTH MEMBERNon metallic : Fiber glass reinforcedplastic material.Metallic : Solid wire or stranded, bareor phosphated steel wires.


FILLERThermoplastic cylinder which canreplace a tube in the cable strand.StrandingTubes and eventually fillers areassembled in one layer around thecentral strength member.FillingBy injection in the cable core of asuitable water-tightness compound.CABLE CORE PROTECTIONPlastic tapes helically or longitudinal-ly applied.

MESSENGERStrand of galvanized steel wires.TYPE AOUTER SHEATH (One “LAP” tape can beapplied under the sheath) Black polyethyleneon “eight” shaped including the cablecore and the messenger.

TYPE BPROTECTIONInner polyethylene sheath (One “LAP”tape can be applied under the inner sheath)Mechanical and rodent protection bysteel tape armouring.OUTER SHEATHBlack polyethylene on “eight” shapedincluding the cable core and themessenger.

Marking on sheathIdentification of manufacturer.Year of manufacture.Number and type of fibers.Length marking.IdentificationFIBERS : Individually coloured

according to a colour code.TUBES : colouring

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TYPE B

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Characteristics

Maximum number of tubes

Maximum number of fibers

Strength member

Messenger

Nominal inner sheath thickness

Nominal steel tape thickness

Nominal outer sheath thickness

Nominal outer dimensions


Maximum Tensile load on the messenger


-Static

-Dynamic

Crush resistance

Nominal span

Temperature range


Type :

size :

(mm)

(mm)

(mm)

(mm)

(kg/km)

(daN)

(mm)

(mm)

(daN/cm)

(m)

(0C)

(m)

6

36

non metallic

2.5 mm diameter

19 wires 1.3 mm diameter

1.0

0.15

1.5

30.5 x 16.5

610

1050

250

400

45

50

-40 +70

1200/2100/2400

n.b.: Informations subject to change without notice.

Cable type B1 corrugated steel tape aroured

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6.4 UNITUBE, METALLIC, JELLY FILLED CABLES- Longitudinally water-tight cable

CONSTRUCTION

OPTICAL FIBERSinglemode optical fiber according toITU-T and IEC recommendations witha 250 µm nominal external diameter.

TUBEThermoplastic material, containingOptical Fibers and jelly filled with asuitable water-tightness compound.

WATER BLOCKING SYSTEMBlowing tape longitudinally applied.

ARMOURMechanical and rodent protection bycoated steel tape armouring.

STRENGTH MEMBER2 galvanized steel wires longitudinallyapplied in contact with the armourdiametrally opposed and included inthe outer sheath.

OUTER SHEATHBlack polyethylene.

Marking on sheathIdentification of manufacturer.Year of manufacture.Number and type of fibers.Length marking.Identification of fibersIndividually coloured according to acolour code.

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4

5

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6

6

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Characteristics

Nominal thickness of armour

Nominal strength member diameter

Nominal outer sheath thickness

Nominal outer diameter


Maximum pulling load (with pulling eye)

Maximum operating load


-Static

-Dynamic

Crush resistance

Temperature range


(mm)

(mm)

(mm)

(mm)

(kg/km)

(daN)

(daN)

(mm)

(mm)

(daN/cm)

(0C)

(m)

0.15

1.5

2.5

12

190

270

100

250

200

35

-40 +70

1200/2100/2400

n.b.: Informations subject to change without notice.

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6.5 OPTICAL CORD ( - Loose tube structure)

CONSTRUCTION

Multimode or Singlemode opticalfiber according to ITU-T and IECstandards.

Loose tube, jelly filled.

Strengthening by aramid or glassfibers.

Protective external jacket : thermo-plastic material depending on use.

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Characteristics

Nominal of fiber

External diameter (typ.)


Maximum tensile strength

- When installated

- When in use


-Static

-Dynamic

Crush resistance

Temperature range

(mm)

(kg/km)

(daN)

(daN)

(mm)

(mm)

(daN/cm)

(0C)

1

4 to 5.4

26

10 to 20

5

60

100

8

-5 +60

Documents

OPTICAL FIBER CABLES - · PDF file3 4 GENERALITIES An optical transmission system can be resumed as follows: Source of digital signals / transmitting electrical-optical converter