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Headend Fiber node Bridger

Fiber cable Secondary hub Line extender

Coax cable Trunk or Splitter distribution amp

Legend

Please note that some of the topologies have customized these symbols. These are labeled on the specific architectures.

HFCwith LcWDM

Fiber deep FTTH

PONwith GePON

For 500 HP/nodeBroadcast: 80 ch. NTSCNarrowcast: 24 Mbps/HPReturn: 1 Mbps/HP

For 100 HP/nodeBroadcast: 80 ch. NTSCNarrowcast: 30 Mbps/HPReturn: 2.5 Mbps/HP

For 256 HP/nodeNarrowcast: 10 Mbps/HP

Return: 10 Mbps/HP(No broadcast)

For 256 HP/nodeBroadcast: 80 ch. NTSC

Narrowcast: 23.4 Mbps/HPReturn: 2 Mbps/HP

TraditionalHFCFor 500 HP/nodeBroadcast: 80 ch. NTSCNarrowcast: 6 Mbps/HPReturn: 0.25 Mbps/HP

Optical tap(2, 4, or 8 port)

Optical tap

Networkinterface device

Single familyresidential

(extended reach)

Single familyresidential(direct link)

MDU

Commercial

DistributionCustomerpremiseHeadend

Virtual hubw/EDFA

Digitalreturn

1310 nm

1 GHz1550 nm

transmitter

Analogreturn

1310 nm

Harmonic’s scalable WDM architecture

Masterheadend

Secondaryheadend Hub

Hub

MAXLink Plus1550 nm redundant

headend interconnect

MAXLink 1550 nm broadcast

Scalable PWRBlazer node

Deep fiber node

DWDM PWRLink1310 nm

METROLink DWDM

WDM analog returnWDM 48/65 MHz

digital return

Celltowers

FLXLink commercialservices solution

100 Mbps, 1 Gbps, T-1

MotorolaAXS2200 optical

line terminal

Motorolasingle family ONT

Motorolasingle familyindoor ONT

GPON

Motorolamulti-dwelling

ONTVoIP/SIP,HSI

GR-303,TR-08

MotorolaAXSvision EMS

VDSL/Ethernet

MotorolaDSL gateway

5E, DMS,EWSD

IPDSLAM

MotorolaDSL gateway

GigE

Motorolasmall business ONT

Connectedhome

Data

NMS, OSS

Connectedbusiness

Connectedhome

Connectedhome

Connectedhome

Voice

Master headend Optical hub HFC

PON

Switchrouter

VODserver

D9032encoder

DNCS

D9900DCM*

Analog CWDM Tx

1 GHz GainMaker revsegmentable node

Prisma II 1310 nmmulti-wavelength

optics

Prisma IInext-genbdr Rx

1550 nmTransAmp

Prisma IPE-series

Prisma IPE-series

Prisma IPE-series

PSTN

Internet

Videosources

VODcontent

DWDM

DWDM

PrismaIP

DWDM

SME

FiberLinXmedia

converter

FiberLinXmedia

converterCPE

Cellularbackhaul

Wireless

4x4GS7000node

1 GHzFSTtaps

Next-genbdr reverse

GS7000optical

hubHigh output

1 GHzGainMaker

amps

Prisma IPE-series

Prisma IPE-series

Prisma IPE-series

Switchrouter

Customerpremise

DWDM

DWDM

Drop andcontinueVOD

DWDM

DWDM

PrismaIP

DWDM

DPONONT

DPONONT

QPSKDS

QPSKUS

CMTS

Switchrouter

RF

signal

manager

9010decoder

D9900DCM

Combiner

Continuummodulator

1550 nm Prisma IITx and EDFA

1 GHz Prisma IIoptical Rx

1 GHz Prisma IIHD rev Rx

VODcacheserver

SDVserverD9500

Adserver

Adserver

Switchrouter

xDQA 24QAM/GQAM

xDQA 24QAM/GQAM

Digital hub

Comcast’s Dual Ring Star/BusThe network is best described as a scalable architecture that is config-

ured as a dual ring, star/bus. The primary ring (A) deploys DWDM transportto carry GigE, SONET and proprietary digital transport technology. It feeds asecondary route-diverse triple (broadcast + narrowcast + upstream) ringusing DWDM technology (B). The fiber-to-the-node network (C) feedseither scalable optical nodes for fiber-to-the-serving area (FSA; approxi-mately 1,000 homes/node), non-scalable nodes (approx. 250homes/node), or fiber-deep, where fiber is extended to mini-nodes, thelast active devices. The routes with fibers feeding the nodes are selected sothat a fiber cable cut cannot affect more than 4,000 homes. FSA’s scalablenodes feed RF buses that are limited to 300 homes passed, with each busconfigured so that it can be activated as an individual node. The mini-nodes feed, on average, an area of 70 to 100 homes, and are physicallylinked in logical groups of no more than 600 homes.

Cox Communications’ “ring-in-ring” fiber architecture includes fiber route diversityand optical electronic redundancy to each node serving area providing uninterruptedvideo, voice, data and commercial services. Many MSOs have diversely routed fiber tocritical commercial customers; Cox’s success in the commercial marketplace led to thedecision to provide commercial-grade availability to all customers. As a result, the com-pany has virtually eliminated large fiber outages.

Cox’s “ring-in-ring” design is created by routing a fiber cable sheath into the commu-nity through a number of node serving areas and returning to the point of origin toclose the path. This process is repeated until all node serving areas are ringed, takingadvantage of previous routes to minimize construction costs. Each ringed sheath con-tains fibers dedicated to each node serving area, fibers for future nodes and a numberof commercial threaded fibers based upon the business potential along the ring path.Commercial threaded fibers sometimes called “metro fibers” are used to deliver fiber-based services to schools and businesses along the ring using the most cost-effectivetransport. Commitment to ringed fiber routes requires good capacity planning as a com-munity grows and creative techniques for controlling construction costs, but the resultsare well worth the effort.

Aurora Networks’ Access Platform Architectures

CommScope’s BrightPathFTTx Architecture

FTTH made simple. CommScope’s BrightPath isan innovative fiber-deep distribution systemdesigned to work seamlessly with existing hybridfiber/coax (HFC) networks. BrightPath is fully com-patible with existing headend and subscriberequipment, allowing operators to cost-effectivelydeliver their current suite of analog, digital andinteractive services all over fiber-to-the-home. This system can be deployed selectivelyas required to provide a competitive advantage, with lower upfront cost and mainte-nance relative to traditional passive optical networks (PONs). The BrightPath architec-ture is a unique, all-optical distributed tap design that mirrors HFC in design andimproves performance capability at a comparable cost. It allows an operator to deployFTTH yet maintain the same back office support, CMTS, subscriber equipment and ser-vices. Once installed, if business cases for advanced services are identified, the fiberinfrastructure of BrightPath can be easily adopted to support wavelength services usingknown WDM technologies.

Motorola’s FTTH Solution: Optical Access ArchitectureOptical access via Gigabit Passive Optical Networking (2.4 GB upstream and 1.2 GB downstream per GPON) provides the

foundation for the delivery of advanced Ultra-Broadband services today and in the future. An end-to-end optical access architec-ture hosts the optical line terminal (OLT) and various types of optical network terminals (ONT) that support service delivery andprovide connectivity to the subscriber end point. The OLT is the system hub that aggregates services both to/from the networkand to/from the access network and subscriber. The OLT can act as an Ethernet aggregation point for access side Ethernet-basedIP traffic and also support IPDSLAM or DSL-based service distribution via direct Ethernet links serving area remote terminals (RT)in FTTN applications. ONTs are intelligent devices supporting embedded services such as SIP/H.248 clients, IGMP multicastingand direct software upgrades, and are designed to connect single family, small business and multi-dwelling living units to multi-services. The optical access architecture also includes interfaces providing North-bound linkage to quality TDM or IP voice ser-vices via integrated voice gateways, broadcast and on-demand IP video and very high-throughput data services. Scalable andreliable system software with advanced access to business and operational support systems (such as XML interfaces) and arobust EMS are the most important features of any end-to-end optical access system. Of importance here will be the ability torapidly provision services, manage problems and drive down operational costs by incorporating easily managed business tools.

Aurora supplies optical transport equipment with the greatestflexibility to design a “best fit“ solution. Aurora nodes are aproven access platform optimized for scaling bandwidth persubscriber to match service level requirements by supportingmultiple transport technologies (LcWDM, DWDM, CWDM) anddeployable in a wide variety of network topologies (traditionalHFC, segmented-node HFC, Fiber Deep, PON). Feature-richnode plug-ins manage single or multiple counter-propagating,multi-wavelength fiber links.

Aurora provides comprehensive “pay as you grow“ solutionsfor incremental upgrades and its digital return technologyresolves upstream bandwidth fiber starvation. Aurora’s completeoptical product lines allow one-stop shopping for advancedsolutions. As service requirements expand and protocols continue to evolve, Aurora‘s “future-proof“ reconfigurable solutions easily parallel these advances, ensure networksremain state-of-the-art, and minimize operating and maintenance costs to obtain the highest level of profitability.

Harmonic’s Network Solutions for Advanced ServicesHarmonic’s flexible fiber architecture uses the latest in WDM (wave division multiplexing) technolo-

gy to leverage the existing outside plant, minimize operating expenses, and deliver a full range of resi-dential and commercial services. Harmonic’s MAXLink Plus 1550 nm transport system enables head-end consolidation over distances of 300 km or more, reducing the operating costs of secondary orremote headends while allowing operators to get the most out of their capital equipment budgets.The complete lineup of broadcast television is transmitted over the video backbone to each hubusing Harmonic’s MAXLink 1550 nm solution. Data, VoIP and VOD content are carried on DWDMwavelengths from the headend to hubs using Harmonic’s METROLink DWDM transmitter. In the lastmile, Harmonic’s PWRLink 1310 nm and METROLink DWDM transmitters efficiently deliver the fullrange of content and services to PWRBlazer nodes.

Nodes deeper in the network can also be reached without the need for costly installation of fiberbetween the hub and the primary node. Four-way segmentation for both the forward and the returntransmission is achievable with the scalable PWRBlazer nodes. This is achieved using Harmonic’s fullrange of dedicated analog and digital return path transmitters that are based on CWDM and DWDMtechnology, including a 65 MHz digital solution. The high output power node is also very well adapt-ed for extremely deep deployments such as node-plus-zero or node-plus-one architectures.

In addition, Harmonic’s FLXLink Commercial Services Solution is ideal for providing high-speed network access and managed services to commercial entities for a variety of applications, includingcell tower backhaul.

Scientific Atlanta’s NetworkArchitecture

This architectural approach optimizes both transport and access networks to support digital simulcast, ad and program insertion, switched digital broadcast, video-on-demand (VOD), high-speed data (HSD), voice (VoIP), wireless mesh and commercial services applications todeliver the highest network performance and future scalability. Today’s network engineers are challenged toconstruct systems that can offer new services, compete innon-traditional and yet-to-be-defined markets, and increasevalue for MSO shareholders. *DCM = Digital content manager

NodeA

NodeB

Rx RxDLC DLC

Hea

dend

Node A - dedicated

Node B - dedicated

Broadcast backup - loop through

Digital - loop through

2 node ring-ring schematic

Hub interconnect

Ring A

Ring B

4 fibers per node (i.e., 2 fibers each dedicated to routing signals from both directions to each node for route diversity), plus 12 fibers threaded through all nodes.

CED®

Cox’s Ring-in-Ring (Only one ring cluster shown)

PH

PH

PH

Route diverse

DWDM

Primaryring

60,000-100,000

homes passed

10,000-20,000homespassed

= Primary hub= Secondary hub

Primary ring

A

SecondaryringB

Fiberdistribution

C

Coax network

D

SH

PH

SH

SH