Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Ashish Mohapatra
Optimizing Sales and Distribution in SAP® ERPFunctionality and Configuration
Bonn � Boston
329_Book.indb 3 4/7/10 10:32:0 AM
Contents at a Glance
1 Introduction ............................................................................ 21
2 Master Data ............................................................................ 43
3 Sales ........................................................................................ 89
4 Pricing ..................................................................................... 165
5 Credit Risk Management ........................................................ 205
6 Logistics Management ............................................................ 233
7 Billing ...................................................................................... 289
8 Cross-Functional Customization ............................................. 345
9 Reporting and Analysis ........................................................... 399
10 Summary and Conclusion ........................................................ 453
A Customization of Local Layout ................................................ 457
B List of SAP Area Menus ........................................................... 473
C How to Initialize a Material Period ......................................... 503
D The Author ............................................................................... 507
329_Book.indb 5 4/7/10 10:32:0 AM
7
Contents
Acknowledgments ..................................................................................... 15Preface ....................................................................................................... 17
1 Introduction .............................................................................. 21
1.1 Introduction to SAP ERP ............................................................. 211.1.1 Applications and Functionalities in SAP ERP ................... 221.1.2 Development, Quality, and Production Servers ............... 231.1.3 SAP ERP Customizing Implementation Guide ................. 241.1.4 SAP ERP Resources ........................................................ 25
1.2 Introduction to SAP GUI ............................................................. 251.2.1 The Typical SAP Screen ................................................... 271.2.2 SAP Easy Access Menu Paths and Transaction Codes ...... 281.2.3 SAP Icons ....................................................................... 291.2.4 Wild Cards ..................................................................... 291.2.5 Function Keys ................................................................ 30
1.3 ASAP Methodology .................................................................... 301.4 SAP Solution Manager Overview ................................................. 311.5 Organizational Structure in SAP .................................................. 33
1.5.1 Importing Organizational Units ...................................... 331.5.2 Defining Organizational Units ......................................... 341.5.3 Assigning Organizational Units ....................................... 381.5.4 Checking for Consistency ................................................ 39
1.6 Summary .................................................................................... 41
2 Master Data .............................................................................. 43
2.1 Customer Master Data ................................................................ 432.1.1 Reducing Sales Areas ...................................................... 442.1.2 Defining Customer Account Groups ............................... 472.1.3 Customer Master Record Fields ...................................... 492.1.4 Customer Mass Maintenance ......................................... 51
2.2 Customer Credit Master Data ...................................................... 582.2.1 Preliminary Settings ........................................................ 592.2.2 Customizing Text IDs ...................................................... 60
329_Book.indb 7 4/7/10 10:32:0 AM
8
Contents
2.2.3 Defining Groups and Categories ..................................... 602.2.4 Authorization Control for Customer Credit
Master Record Fields ...................................................... 602.3 Material Master – Sales Views ..................................................... 62
2.3.1 Important Sales-Relevant Material Master Fields ............ 622.3.2 Customizing Material Master Fields ................................ 65
2.4 Batch Master Data ...................................................................... 702.4.1 Defining Batches ............................................................ 712.4.2 Configuring System Messages ......................................... 742.4.3 Configuring the Layout of Batch Master Records ............ 742.4.4 Document Management System for Batch
Master Records .............................................................. 752.4.5 Configuring Batch Numbers ............................................ 762.4.6 Configuring Shelf Life Expiration Date (SLED) ................. 772.4.7 Configuring Batch Classification ...................................... 79
2.5 Overview of Other Master Data .................................................. 822.5.1 Vendor Master Data ....................................................... 822.5.2 Employee Master Data ................................................... 842.5.3 General Ledger Master Data ........................................... 862.5.4 User Master Data ........................................................... 86
2.6 Summary .................................................................................... 88
3 Sales .......................................................................................... 89
3.1 Principles of Processing Sales Documents .................................... 903.2 Sales Document Types ................................................................ 913.3 Item Categories and Schedule Line Categories ............................ 99
3.3.1 Item Categories .............................................................. 1003.3.2 Schedule Line Categories ................................................ 102
3.4 Create with Reference ................................................................. 1033.5 Copy Control .............................................................................. 1073.6 Partner Determination ................................................................ 1123.7 Availability Check and Transfer of Requirements (ATP) ............... 114
3.7.1 Availability Check ........................................................... 1163.7.2 Transfer of Requirements (TOR) ...................................... 123
3.8 Outline Agreements .................................................................... 1243.8.1 Customer Contracts ........................................................ 1243.8.2 Scheduling Agreement ................................................... 128
3.9 Special Business Transactions ...................................................... 128
329_Book.indb 8 4/7/10 10:32:0 AM
9
Contents
3.9.1 Consignment Sale Processing ....................................... 1283.9.2 Returnable Packaging ................................................... 1293.9.3 Make-to-Order Production .......................................... 1303.9.4 Bill of Materials ............................................................ 1303.9.5 Third-Party Order Processing ........................................ 1313.9.6 Individual Purchase Order ............................................ 1313.9.7 Configurable Material .................................................. 131
3.10 Incompletion Control and Its Practical Use .................................. 1323.10.1 Define Status Groups ................................................... 1333.10.2 Identify Incompletion Groups ....................................... 1333.10.3 Define Incompleteness Procedure ................................ 1343.10.4 Assign Incompleteness Procedure ................................ 135
3.11 Free Goods and Free Items ........................................................ 1363.12 Material Determination, Listing, and Exclusion ........................... 1403.13 Batch Determination in Sales ...................................................... 142
3.13.1 Condition Tables ......................................................... 1423.13.2 Access Sequence .......................................................... 1423.13.3 Strategy Type .............................................................. 1433.13.4 Batch Search Procedure ................................................ 144
3.14 Returns (Complaints) Processing ................................................. 1463.14.1 Free-of-Charge Delivery and Subsequent Delivery ....... 1463.14.2 Invoice Correction without Return ............................... 1473.14.3 Returns ........................................................................ 147
3.15 Intercompany Sales Processing .................................................... 1483.16 Common Integration Points with Material Management ............. 1503.17 Outputs in Sales ......................................................................... 1523.18 Foreign Trade ............................................................................. 157
3.18.1 Countries ..................................................................... 1583.18.2 Currencies .................................................................... 1583.18.3 Number Ranges ........................................................... 1583.18.4 Commodity Codes and Import Code Numbers ............. 1593.18.5 Procedure .................................................................... 1593.18.6 Business Transaction Type ............................................ 1603.18.7 Mode of Transport ....................................................... 1613.18.8 Customs Offices ........................................................... 1613.18.9 INCO Terms ................................................................. 1613.18.10 SAP GTS ....................................................................... 162
3.19 Summary .................................................................................... 163
329_Book.indb 9 4/7/10 10:32:0 AM
10
Contents
4 Pricing ...................................................................................... 165
4.1 Introduction to Condition Techniques ......................................... 1664.2 Condition Records ...................................................................... 168
4.2.1 Add Fields to Field Catalog ............................................. 1754.2.2 Create Condition Tables .................................................. 1754.2.3 Create Access Sequence ................................................. 1754.2.4 Create Condition Types .................................................. 1764.2.5 Create Pricing Procedure ................................................ 1804.2.6 Assign Pricing Procedure ................................................ 1824.2.7 Create Condition Records ............................................... 182
4.3 Optimizing Price Determination .................................................. 1834.4 Rebate Agreement ...................................................................... 1864.5 Customized Pricing Report and Price List .................................... 1924.6 Common External Tax Software Packages ................................... 197
4.6.1 Defining and Testing the Physical Destination for External Tax Calculation ............................................ 198
4.6.2 Activating the SAP Tax Interface ..................................... 1994.6.3 Configuring External Tax Documents .............................. 1994.6.4 Defining Tax Jurisdiction Codes ...................................... 2004.6.5 Defining the Tax Category for Different Countries ........... 2004.6.6 Defining Customer Tax Classifications ............................. 2004.6.7 Defining Material Tax Indicators ..................................... 2014.6.8 Setting Tax Codes ........................................................... 2014.6.9 Maintaining Tax Condition Records and Master
Data Records .................................................................. 2024.7 Summary .................................................................................... 203
5 Credit Risk Management .......................................................... 205
5.1 Credit Management ................................................................... 2055.1.1 Prerequisites for Automatic Credit Control ..................... 2065.1.2 Customer Credit Master Records .................................... 2115.1.3 Automatic Credit Control ............................................... 2155.1.4 Credit Management Operations ..................................... 219
5.2 Blocking and Unblocking Customers ........................................... 2235.3 Payment Guarantee ..................................................................... 225
5.3.1 Forms of Payment Guarantee .......................................... 2255.3.2 Payment Guarantee Determination Procedure ............... 226
329_Book.indb 10 4/7/10 10:32:0 AM
11
Contents
5.4 Common Problems and Their Solutions ....................................... 2305.5 Summary ................................................................................... 232
6 Logistics Management ............................................................. 233
6.1 Delivery Types and Delivery Item Categories ............................... 2346.1.1 Delivery Types ................................................................ 2346.1.2 Delivery Item Category ................................................... 2386.1.3 Automatic Determination of Delivery Item Category ...... 241
6.2 Picking, Handling Unit Management, Packing, and Goods Issue ... 2426.2.1 Picking ........................................................................... 2426.2.2 Handling Unit Management ........................................... 2446.2.3 Packing .......................................................................... 2456.2.4 Goods Issue ................................................................... 246
6.3 Delivery Processing Integration with Warehouse Management .... 2476.4 Principles of Processing Deliveries Including Delivery Due Lists ... 248
6.4.1 Profile for Delivery Creation ........................................... 2506.4.2 List Profile ...................................................................... 2526.4.3 Function Codes Excluded During List Processing ............ 2576.4.4 Assign Profile to Scenarios .............................................. 2586.4.5 Maintain Requirement Routines ..................................... 2596.4.6 Modify Layout ................................................................ 259
6.5 Routes and Route Determination ................................................ 2596.5.1 Define Routes ................................................................ 2606.5.2 Route Determination ..................................................... 2626.5.3 Route Schedule Determination ....................................... 263
6.6 Scheduling .................................................................................. 2646.7 Stock Transfer Including Intercompany Transfers ......................... 266
6.7.1 Define the Number Range for Stock Transfer Orders ....... 2676.7.2 Define the Document Type for Stock Transfer Orders ...... 2686.7.3 Create Internal Customers for Receiving Plants ............... 2696.7.4 Define Shipping Data for Receiving Plants ...................... 2696.7.5 Assign Document Type to Plants .................................... 2706.7.6 Assign Delivery Type and Checking Rule to
STO Document Type ...................................................... 2716.7.7 Create Vendor Master Record for Receiving Plant ........... 272
6.8 Outputs in Shipping .................................................................... 2736.9 Batch Determination in Deliveries ............................................... 276
329_Book.indb 11 4/7/10 10:32:1 AM
12
Contents
6.10 Processing Serialized Materials .................................................... 2776.11 Interface with Carrier Software .................................................... 279
6.11.1 Customization of the SAP Interface ................................ 2806.11.2 How to Use External Tax Software .................................. 284
6.12 Common Problems and Their Solutions ....................................... 2856.13 Summary .................................................................................... 288
7 Billing ........................................................................................ 289
7.1 Principles of Bill Processing ......................................................... 2907.1.1 Creating Individual Invoices ........................................... 2907.1.2 Collective Billing Document ........................................... 2927.1.3 Invoice Split ................................................................... 2947.1.4 Billing Due List ............................................................... 2957.1.5 Invoice List .................................................................... 2957.1.6 Cancellation Invoice ....................................................... 2967.1.7 General Billing Interface ................................................. 296
7.2 Billing Types ................................................................................ 2987.2.1 Customizing Billing Types ............................................... 2987.2.2 Number Ranges for Billing Types .................................... 3037.2.3 Check Customized Billing Types ...................................... 306
7.3 Complaint Documents ................................................................ 3087.4 Billing Plan ................................................................................. 310
7.4.1 Define Billing Plan Types ................................................ 3107.4.2 Define Date Descriptions ............................................... 3127.4.3 Define and Assign Date Categories ................................. 3127.4.4 Maintain Date Proposals for Milestone Billing ................ 3147.4.5 Assign Billing Plan Types to Sales Document Types ......... 3157.4.6 Assign Billing Plan Types to Item Categories ................... 3157.4.7 Define Rules for Determining Dates ............................... 316
7.5 Revenue Account Determination ................................................ 3177.5.1 Field Catalog for the Account Determination Table ......... 3187.5.2 Account Determination Table ......................................... 3187.5.3 Access Sequence ............................................................ 3207.5.4 Account Determination Type .......................................... 3217.5.5 Account Determination Procedure ................................. 3227.5.6 Account Key ................................................................... 323
329_Book.indb 12 4/7/10 10:32:1 AM
13
Contents
7.5.7 Assign General Ledger to Account Determination Types ...................................................... 324
7.6 Accounts Interface ...................................................................... 3257.6.1 Revenue Recognition ..................................................... 3257.6.2 Reconciliation Account Determination ........................... 3277.6.3 Cash Account Determination .......................................... 3287.6.4 Data Forwarded to Accounting Document ..................... 328
7.7 Some Billing Related Problems and Their Solutions ..................... 3297.8 Summary .................................................................................... 343
8 Cross-Functional Customization .............................................. 345
8.1 Text Processing ........................................................................... 3458.1.1 Text IDs .......................................................................... 3488.1.2 Text Determination Procedure ........................................ 3498.1.3 Assigning Text IDs to a Text Determination Procedure .... 3508.1.4 Define Access Sequence ................................................. 3518.1.5 Assignment of Text Determination Procedure ................. 3528.1.6 Text Determination Analysis ........................................... 353
8.2 Message Control ......................................................................... 3558.2.1 IDoc Interface and EDI ................................................... 3568.2.2 Application Link Enabling .............................................. 362
8.3 Web Interface ............................................................................. 3628.3.1 Creating A Web Interface using the Wizard .................... 3648.3.2 Creating a Web Interface Manually ................................. 3658.3.3 Other Tools for Web Interface ........................................ 366
8.4 Batch Management ..................................................................... 3678.4.1 Batch Where-Used List ................................................... 3688.4.2 Batch Information Cockpit .............................................. 371
8.5 ABAP Tools ................................................................................. 3748.5.1 SD User Exits .................................................................. 3758.5.2 Debugging ..................................................................... 3768.5.3 LSMW ........................................................................... 378
8.6 Numbering Objects ..................................................................... 3908.6.1 Maintain Number Ranges ............................................... 3928.6.2 Create Number Range Objects ....................................... 394
8.7 Summary .................................................................................... 398
329_Book.indb 13 4/7/10 10:32:1 AM
14
Contents
9 Reporting and Analysis ............................................................. 399
9.1 Useful Standard Reports .............................................................. 3999.1.1 Classification of Standard Reports ................................... 4009.1.2 Features Available in Standard Reports ........................... 409
9.2 Developing Reports Using Query ................................................ 4109.2.1 Create Query .................................................................. 4119.2.2 Data Source ................................................................... 4119.2.3 Insert Tables ................................................................... 4129.2.4 Join Tables ..................................................................... 4149.2.5 Selection and List Fields ................................................. 4169.2.6 List Screen Layout .......................................................... 4179.2.7 Create a Z-Transaction for the Query .............................. 421
9.3 Sales Information System ............................................................ 4239.3.1 Standard Analyses .......................................................... 4239.3.2 Flexible Analyses ............................................................ 4279.3.3 General Checks for Info-Structure ................................... 4339.3.4 Checks for SIS Info-Structures ......................................... 437
9.4 Business Intelligence and Reporting ............................................ 4399.5 Developing ABAP Reports .......................................................... 443
9.5.1 Create Program by Specifying Program Attributes ........... 4449.5.2 Write Program and Activate ........................................... 4469.5.3 Change Text Elements .................................................... 4499.5.4 Documentation .............................................................. 4499.5.5 Create Variant ................................................................ 4509.5.6 Test the Program ............................................................ 450
9.6 Summary .................................................................................... 452
10 Summary and Conclusion ......................................................... 453
Appendices ....................................................................................... 457
A Customization of Local Layout .............................................................. 459B List of SAP Area Menus ........................................................................ 473C How to Initialize a Material Period ....................................................... 503D The Author ........................................................................................... 507
Index ........................................................................................................ 509
329_Book.indb 14 4/7/10 10:32:1 AM
43
After reading this chapter, you should be able to understand how you can reduce maintenance efforts by creating common distribution channels and divisions, how to customize master data fields, how to modify your screen layout, and how you can carry out specific changes to different master records on a mass scale.
Master Data2
Master data consists of information that does not change frequently (e.g., addresses) and pertains to customers, employees, SAP system users, materials, batches, con-dition records (discussed later), vendors, and more. Master data is composed of individual master records; for example, a single customer will have a customer master record, and all of the customer master records together make up the cus-tomer master data. Because SAP software was created with the objective of serving almost any company, regardless of its size, industry, or country, predefined master data requires very little customization.
In this chapter, we briefly list the suggested steps for customizing master data fields, focusing specifically on master data relevant for Sales and Distribution and explain how to manage master data post-implementation. Specifically, we go into detail about the following types of master data:
Customer master dataEE
Customer credit master dataEE
Material master dataEE
Batch management master dataEE
We then conclude with a brief overview of some of the other types of master data. Many of these types are created and maintained in other components, some over-view knowledge is helpful for those interested in Sales and Distribution.
Customer Master Data2.1
In SAP systems, customer master records are broadly divided into three parts: general data, company code data, and sales area data. This data is stored in tables,
329_Book.indb 43 4/7/10 10:32:8 AM
44
Master Data2
which consist of fields that are important from a Financial Accounting and Sales and Distribution perspective. General data contains address, communication, con-trol, marketing, payment transaction, unloading point, contact person, and foreign-trade-related information. General data is stored in KNA1, ADRC, ADR2/3/4/5, and other tables. Company code data is stored in Table KNB1 and mainly contains the fields important from a Financial Accounting perspective. Sales area data is stored mainly in Table KNVV and mainly contains the fields important from a Sales and Distribution perspective. The information about partners defined in the customer master record is stored in Table KNVP. There are different transactions that allow you to create, change, and display customer master data based on the combination of areas to be maintained.
SAP Tables
There are close to a hundred thousand standard tables in SAP ERP. These tables store the information (data). Some of them do not store data but pool information from other tables for use or display. All of the tables have columns and rows. Each row is a record. The tables that store the data are available in the Oracle® database that SAP uses. These can be used by non-SAP components as well, but the other types of tables, not available on the Oracle database, are for exclusive use in SAP systems.
In the subsections below, we discuss how to optimize customer master record maintenance using common distribution channels and divisions, how to create customer account groups, how to customize customer master record fields, and how to utilize the tools for mass maintenance.
Reducing Sales Areas2.1.1
A sales area is a combination of sales organizations, distribution channels, and divi-sions. We represent it by a key that combines all three of these organizational units (for example, a sales area composed of sales organization 1000, distribution channel 10, and division 30 would be referred to as sales area 1000-10-30). The customer master records of one sales area are not available for use by another; thus, if the customer is valid for several sales areas, you must create separate customer records for all of these sales areas. Although this may make the maintenance of customer master records sound difficult, the process is facilitated by the use of a common dis-tribution channel and division, which allows you to effectively reduce the number of sales areas for which the customer master record is to be created. We discuss the process of defining common distribution channels and divisions in the subsections below. At the end of the section, we explain how these configurations result in a reduced amount of sales areas and hence a reduction in maintenance effort.
329_Book.indb 44 4/7/10 10:32:8 AM
45
Customer Master Data 2.1
Defi ning Common Distribution Channels
Common distribution channels are defi ned using the menu path SAP IMG • Sales and Distribution • Master Data • Defi ne Common Distribution Channel (Transaction VOR1, Table V_TVKOV_ST), as shown in Figure 2.1. In addition to cus tomer master records, common distribution channels can also be defi ned for material master records (which we discuss in more detail in Section 2.3). For any distribution channel, another distribution channel can be defi ned as the common distribution channel. The master data record or condition record maintained for a distribution channel is applicable for all distribution channels for which it is main-tained as the common distribution channel.
Defi ning a Common Distribution ChannelFigure 2.1
To make one distribution channel a common distribution channel for another dis-tribution channel’s condition records, enter the common distribution channel in the DCh-Conds column. As shown in Figure 2.1, distribution channel 70 is a com-mon distribution channel for distribution channels 70 and 71, but not 72.
Similarly, to make a distribution channel common for other distribution channels to share customer and material master records, enter it in the DCh-Cust/Mt col-umn. As shown in Figure 2.1, distribution channel 70 is the common distribution channel for distribution channels 70, 71, and 72. As a result, the customer master record created for sales area 7000-70-10 (where the sales organization is 7000, the distribution channel is 70, and the division is 10) automatically becomes valid for sales areas 7000-71-10 and 7000-72-10.
Note
In addition to customer master records, common distribution channels can be defi ned for condition records. The common distribution channel for a specifi c distribution chan-nel defi ned for reducing the number of required customer master records automatically becomes relevant for material master record creation.
329_Book.indb 45 4/7/10 10:32:9 AM
46
Master Data2
Defi ning Common Divisions
Common divisions are defi ned via SAP IMG • Sales and Distribution • Mas-ter Data • Defi ne Common Division (Transaction VOR2, Table V_TVKOS_ST), as shown in Figure 2.2.
Note
In addition to customer master records, common divisions can also be defi ned for condi-tion records.
Defi ning Common DivisionsFigure 2.2
The division in the DivCus column is the common division for the division listed in the Dv column and is used for creating and sharing customer master records. As shown in Figure 2.2, division 70 is common for divisions 70, 71, and 72, and divi-sion 74 is common for divisions 73, 74, 75, and 76. As a result, customer master records created for sales area 7000-70-70 (where the sales organization is 7000, the distribution channel is 70, and the division is 70) becomes automatically valid for sales areas 7000-70-71 and 7000-70-72.
If you combine the examples shown in Figures 2.1 and 2.2 without a common distribution channel and division, the total number of possible sales areas is 21. If all sales areas are valid for you, and if a customer is valid for all sales areas, you would have to create that customer 21 separate times. However, with the customi-zation of common distribution channels and divisions, even when all sales area are defi ned and when a customer is valid for all areas, you can drastically reduce the number of times you must create the customer. In this example, you need only create the customer in two sales areas (7000-70-70 and 7000-70-74).
329_Book.indb 46 4/7/10 10:32:9 AM
47
Customer Master Data 2.1
Defining Customer Account Groups2.1.2
Customer account groups are created primarily to route fi nancial postings to specifi c SAP General Ledger (GL) accounts; for example, the sales fi gures for all domestic retail customers may go to the same reconciliation account. All of the foreign cus-tomers may be created in a different customer account group, and there is a differ-ent reconciliation account (GL) for them. The menu path for creating a customer account group is SAP IMG • Financial Accounting (New) • Accounts Receivable and Accounts Payable • Customer Accounts • Master Data • Preparations for creating customer Master Data • Defi ne Account Groups with Screen Lay-outs (Customers). The transaction code is OBD2.
The steps for creating a customer account group are provided below:
Find the standard SAP template that is closest to what you want to create.1. Copy the selected template using the Copy As ([F6]) icon, as shown in Figure 2.3. The screen shown in Figure 2.4 appears with the message “Specify target entries.”
Creating a Customer Account GroupFigure 2.3
329_Book.indb 47 4/7/10 10:32:10 AM
48
Master Data2
Enter basic information.2. Provide the account group name (it does not have to start with Y or Z) and a description for the account group code in the Name fi eld. If the account group is for one-time customers, select the One-Time Account checkbox. If the output determination procedure is the same for all customers in a group, enter it in the Output Determ.Proc. fi eld.
Maintain fi eld statuses.3. The customization of account groups also involves the maintenance of the fi eld status of all customer master fi elds, also referred to as the maintenance of screen layout. This activity determines how the cus-tomer master screens look. Any fi eld can have one of four statuses: Suppressed, Required Entry, Optional Entry, or Display. To assign a fi eld status, double-click on General Data, Company Code Data, or Sales Data in the screen shown in Figure 2.4. (We have double-clicked on General Data in our example.)
Customizing a Customer Account GroupFigure 2.4
Double-click on a particular group of fi elds.4. In our example, we have double-clicked on Address (that screen is not shown), which takes you to the screen shown in Figure 2.5.
Modify the fi eld status of individual master data fi elds.5. The screen for this is shown in Figure 2.5.
329_Book.indb 48 4/7/10 10:32:10 AM
49
Customer Master Data 2.1
Maintain Field Status GroupFigure 2.5
Customer Master Record Fields2.1.3
In this section, we discuss how to customize a customer master record fi eld. For most of the fi elds in customer master records, there are predefi ned possible entries. You may need to alter the predefi ned list (by adding, deleting, or modifying text), especially in a post-implementation scenario. Below we provide the steps used as a shortcut for customizing any customer master data fi eld; in our example, we modify the Legal Status fi eld. You can follow these steps to customize other master data record fi elds as well.
Execute Transaction VD02.1. You can use this transaction for modifying the Legal Status fi eld. Select the Marketing tab in the General Data area. The screen shown in Figure 2.6 appears. You can use Transaction XD02 instead of VD02.
Press 2. [F1], keeping the cursor on the Legal Status fi eld. The dialog box (Perfor-mance Assistance), also shown in Figure 2.6, appears.
Click on the Customizing icon highlighted in Figure 2.6. In some cases, this 3. icon will be disabled (for example, for the Terms of Payment fi eld, which is in the Billing tab in Sales Area data). In such cases, click on [F4] fi rst, and then [F1]. The Customizing icon will then be enabled. When you click on the enabled Cus-tomizing icon, you see a dialog box where you can specify the project name and proceed. (You can also proceed without specifying the project, if authorized.)
329_Book.indb 49 4/7/10 10:32:11 AM
50
Master Data2
This brings you to the confi guration icon where you customize the object. If there are multiple locations where the customization can be done, the list appears in an intermediate screen.
Select the most relevant option.4. Your selection should be based on the relevant component (such as Sales and Distribution) and functionality (such as master data).
Click on the IMG Activity Documentation icon.5. Read the available documentation.
Click on the IMG-Activity icon (it looks like a clock).6. This starts the customization.
Follow the instructions in the documentation.7. In many cases, you just have to select an existing item and then click on the Copy As icon (or press [F6]). If only a new key and a description is required, as in the case of the Legal Status fi eld, specify these as the target entries for copying and press [Enter].
When copying is complete, save, and transport.8.
Customizing the Legal Status FieldFigure 2.6
329_Book.indb 50 4/7/10 10:32:11 AM
51
Customer Master Data 2.1
Customer Mass Maintenance2.1.4
Maintaining master records after implementation is a big task, and manual updat-ing sometimes becomes impossible. When one fi eld in several thousand master records must be changed without error within few minutes, mass maintenance tools are the best option. This section discusses several ways to take care of mass maintenance. In the fi rst two subsections, we focus on using Transactions MASS and SE16N (with the SAP edit function). The last section briefl y describes a few alternative options.
Transaction MASS
One way to accomplish customer master data mass maintenance is by using object type KNA1 in Transaction MASS (Menu path: SAP Menu • Logistics • Central Functions • Mass Maintenance • Mass Maintenance • Dialog Processing), as shown in Figure 2.7.
Object Types for Mass MaintenanceFigure 2.7
With Transaction MASS, you can make changes to several fi elds in several tables simultaneously. By selecting object type KNA1 and executing the transaction, you reach the screen shown in Figure 2.8 (which is the same screen that appears when you execute Transaction XD99; menu path: SAP Menu • Logistics • Sales and Dis-tribution • Master Data • Business Partners • Customer Master Mass Mainte-nance). The Tables tab shows a list of tables that can be modifi ed. The Fields tab lists both the name of the table and the fi elds.
329_Book.indb 51 4/7/10 10:32:12 AM
52
Master Data2
Note
You can also use Transaction MASS for the mass maintenance of vendor master data (object type LFA1), GL account master data (object type BUS3006), or material master data (object type BUS1001).
Mass Maintenance — CustomersFigure 2.8
Follow the steps below to use Transaction MASS:
Select the specifi c table and fi eld to be modifi ed.1. For example, if the customers belonging to a particular region (KNA1-REGIO) have a new customer pricing pro-cedure (KNVV-KALKS), you would select Table KNVV in the Tables tab (Figure 2.8) or KNVV-KALKS in the Fields tab (Figure 2.9).
Mass Maintenance for Field KNVV-KALKSFigure 2.9
329_Book.indb 52 4/7/10 10:32:13 AM
53
Customer Master Data 2.1
Execute. 2. This action results in the screen shown in Figure 2.10. For our exam-ple, because you know that all of the customers of a particular region are to be changed, you can get a list of the customers using Transaction SE16 or SE16N and Table KNA1. Paste the list, press [F8], and select Display All Records. This results in a list of customers with the existing value in the Cust.Pric.Procedure fi eld, as shown in Figure 2.11.
Note
You press the Execution icon (or [F8] key) three times while executing Transaction MASS: fi rst, in the fi rst screen after you select the object (KNA1 for customer master), second, after you specify the table and the fi eld (KNVV-KALKS), and third, after you enter the list or range of customers (or vendor or GLs or others as per the object selected) for which you want the mass change.
Uploading Customer List to be Modifi edFigure 2.10
329_Book.indb 53 4/7/10 10:32:13 AM
54
Master Data2
If you’re using the Tables tab and not the Fields tab in step 1, click on the Select 3. Fields icon. This is the fi rst icon in the task bar shown in Figure 2.11.
A new dialog box opens, which is also shown in Figure 2.11. Select Cust.Pric.4. Procedure (KALKS) and bring it to the Selection Criteria table by clicking on the Choose icon (the black triangle pointing left).
Inserting the KNVV-KALKS Field for Mass MaintenanceFigure 2.11
Enter the new value (9, in our example) in the Cust.Pric.Procedure fi eld, as 5. shown in Figure 2.12.
Select the column (Cust.Pric.Procedure in our example) to which the new value 6. is to go and click on the Carry Out Mass Change icon (sixth icon from the left).
Save.7.
Failed Cases in Mass Maintenance
It’s possible for a few records to fail mass change, for example, if they are locked by a user. Failed cases appear marked red in the results screen. Because there can be a lot of pages of results and very few failed cases, you must carefully check the pages of the result screen.
329_Book.indb 54 4/7/10 10:32:14 AM
55
Customer Master Data 2.1
Execute the Mass ChangeFigure 2.12
Transaction SE16N with the SAP Edit Function
From ECC 5.0 onward, SAP allows you to directly modify, update, or insert records in any table using Transaction SE16N with the SAP edit function.
Warning
Before using Transaction SE16N with the SAP edit function for several records, you should check it for a single record. Also note that if any info structure or table gets up-dated when you update the value of a particular fi eld of a table, this does not happen when the fi eld is updated via Transaction SE16N. For updating to happen, you must run an updating program (if such a program is available). We have provided one such ex-ample in Chapter 7, Section 7.7, where we discuss how to delete a credit memo request of a cancelled credit memo.
Let’s use an example to explain the steps to change (add, delete, or update) table entries using Transaction SE16N with the SAP edit function. In our example, we change the Cust.Pric.Proc fi eld for all customers in a particular region. The steps for this are provided below:
Get a list of all customers located in the region for which you are implementing 1. a mass change (Transaction SE16N or SE16). For mass changes, you must know the records that need to be modifi ed. You get this list either manually or by using a report or table. For our example, we get it from Table KNA1. Using Transaction SE16N or SE16, get a list of all customers located in the region for which you are implementing a mass change. Because
329_Book.indb 55 4/7/10 10:32:14 AM
56
Master Data2
different countries can have identical region codes, you must specify the coun-try code prior to selecting the region code.
Restrict Transaction SE16N. 2. Instead of executing Transaction SE16N for all the records in the table, restrict it to the cases where changes are required. In our example, we have supplied the list of customers obtained in the fi rst step in the Customer fi eld (KUNNR).
Activate the SAP edit function. 3. This is done by typing “&SAP_EDIT” in the transaction window and pressing enter when you are still inside Transaction SE16N. This results in the screen shown in Figure 2.13.
Activating the SAP Edit Function (&SAP_EDIT)Figure 2.13
Execute Transaction SE16N with the SAP edit function active. 4. All records appear. Hide all columns except those for which the change is required.
329_Book.indb 56 4/7/10 10:32:15 AM
57
Customer Master Data 2.1
Using Excel or other suitable software, provide the new values for the list of 5. records. For our example, we have decided to make a new value of 9 for all of the cus-tomer pricing procedures (CuPP); currently, the value is B. To do this, we enter the new value 9 in 450 Excel rows (450 is the number of customers to be modi-fi ed) and then copy it.
Open the context menu for the fi rst row of the Customer Pricing Proce-6. dure (CuPP) fi eld and select Insert with Overwrite (Figure 2.14). The new value should appear in all of the records.
Click on the Save icon. 7. Clearly, this process takes less time than changing the 450 records one after another using Transaction XD02 or VD02.
Insert with Overwrite to Insert Values from the CuPP FieldFigure 2.14
Other Methods Used in Mass Maintenance
The Legacy System Migration Workbench (LSMW ) and Batch Data Communica-tion (BDC ) are also used for the mass maintenance of customer master records (and other master records) and for a variety of other activities (such as creating sales orders and deliveries). In LSMW, you record the steps you follow to modify one record, and then, using the program generated by the LSMW recording, you can make the same modifi cations for any number of customer master records. We will discuss this as an ABAP tool in Chapter 8. A technical developer writes the
329_Book.indb 57 4/7/10 10:32:16 AM
58
Master Data2
BDC, and it takes values from a local fi le, which it then uses to make changes in different table fi elds.
Transactions SM30 and SM31
Transactions SM30 and SM31 are also used for modifying certain standard tables, espe-cially table views used for customization. These transactions cannot be used for main-taining tables that store master data.
Customer Credit Master Data2.2
Customer credit master data is created and maintained via Transaction FD32 for individual customers and F.34 for mass processing. The screens that constitute the customer credit master record are Overview, Address, Central Data, Status, and Payment History, as you can see in Figure 2.15, which is the initial screen of Transaction FD32. Of these, Address, Status, and Payment History are automati-cally populated from customer master and transaction data. The fi elds that must be entered manually are Credit Limit (and its currency), Customer Credit Group, Risk Category, Accounting Clerk, Customer Representative Group, and other data from external rating agencies or internal information and texts.
Customer Credit Management (Initial Screen)Figure 2.15
329_Book.indb 58 4/7/10 10:32:16 AM
59
Customer Credit Master Data 2.2
The four general steps for customizing customer credit master records are:
Preliminary setting1.
Customizing text IDs2.
Defi ning various groups and categories3.
Authorization control for customer credit master fi elds4.
We discuss each of these steps in the subsections below.
Preliminary Settings2.2.1
As shown in Figure 2.16, the fi rst activity is to assign additional credit control areas to the company code. The menu path for this is SAP IMG • Financial Accounting (New) • Accounts Receivable and Accounts Payable • Credit Management • Credit Control Account • Assign Permitted Credit Control Areas to Company Code. In Chapter 1, you learned that a company code can be assigned to only one credit control area but that more than one credit control area can be assigned to a company code. If the latter needs to be done for your company, this is where you should do it. This decision is made at the company level by the fi nance team.
Assign Credit Control Area to Company CodeFigure 2.16
Now follow the menu path SAP IMG • Financial Accounting (New) • Accounts Receivable and Accounts Payable • Credit Management • Credit Control Account • Defi ne Preliminary Settings for Credit Management (Figure 2.17). In this screen, you must make some basic decisions about how the accounts receiv-able balance is to be calculated for credit check purposes. You also defi ne the days of sales outstanding (DSO) in this step; the DSO is an important key performance indicator (KPI) that your SAP system calculates automatically. DSO is calculated by dividing the total outstanding by the average daily sales for a customer.
329_Book.indb 59 4/7/10 10:32:16 AM
60
Master Data2
Preliminary Settings for Credit ManagementFigure 2.17
Customizing Text IDs2.2.2
If necessary for your company, you can add text IDs to the text objects KNKK (Credit Management) and KNKA (Credit Management – Central), but there are usually enough text IDs already available in the standard settings. The text IDs are often useful, because qualitative data maintained in text for the customers is as important as quantitative data in Credit Management.
Defining Groups and Categories2.2.3
You can create different groups and categories and group customers in them while creating customer credit master records. In addition to reporting and analysis, this information is used for monitoring and automatic credit checks. Groups , credit risk categories , credit representative groups , and credit representatives are defi ned with Transactions OB12, OB01, OB02, and OB51, respectively. We discuss them in more detail in Chapter 5.
Authorization Control for Customer Credit Master Record Fields2.2.4
You complete authorization control by following the steps below:
Defi ne the fi eld groups. 1. To do this, execute Transaction OB34 (menu path: SAP IMG • Financial Accounting (New) • Accounts Receivable and Accounts Payable • Credit Management • Credit Control Account • Defi ne Field Groups), as shown in Figure 2.18.
329_Book.indb 60 4/7/10 10:32:17 AM
61
Customer Credit Master Data 2.2
Defi ning Credit Management Field GroupsFigure 2.18
Select the No Authorizatn checkbox, where appropriate. 2. If the No Authorization checkbox is selected, there is no authorization check for the fi elds assigned to the fi eld group. To edit the fi eld groups subjected to autho-rization checks, you must have both overall authorization for changing customer credit master records, and authorization for these specifi c fi eld groups.
Assigning Credit Management Fields to Field GroupsFigure 2.19
Assign different fi elds to different fi eld groups. 3. Use Transaction OB33 (menu path: SAP IMG • Financial Accounting (New) •
Accounts Receivable and Accounts Payable • Credit Management • Credit Control Account • Assign Fields to Field Groups) to assign different fi elds to different fi eld groups based on your requirements. For example, you can cre-ate a fi eld group for the fi eld Next Internal Review Date (KNKK-NXTRV). Select the No Authorizatn check-box for that fi eld group. As a result, there will be no additional authorization requirement to change the Next Internal Review Date in any customer credit master record, by any user (provided authorization for Transaction FD32 is given). In Figure 2.19, you can see how the fi elds of the
329_Book.indb 61 4/7/10 10:32:17 AM
62
Master Data2
credit master record are assigned to field groups. Different table fields such as KNKA-KLIME, KNKA-KLIMG, and others, which are fields of the customer credit master record, are shown attached to Field grp 00.
Material Master2.3 – Sales Views
The material master data is considered to be the most important master data in SAP systems and has many screens for storing Materials Management, Financial Accounting, Sales and Distribution, Production Planning, Quality Management, and Controlling information. The Sales and Distribution data is stored in three screens: Sales: Sales Org. Data 1, Sales: Sales Org. Data 2, and Sales: General/Plant Data. In the next two sections, we will discuss important sales-relevant fields in material master records and a few examples of customizing material master fields.
Important Sales-Relevant Material Master Fields2.3.1
In the following three subsections, we discuss some of the important fields in the three sales views in the material master records.
Sales: Sales Org. Data 1
The fields that make up this screen are relevant for the combination of plant, sales organization, and distribution channel for which they are created. The following fields are part of this screen:
Base Unit of MeasureEE (e.g., KG, liter) is the unit of measurement (UoM) required for maintaining stock.
Sales Unit is the unit of measurement in which material is to be sold. It can dif-EE
fer from the base unit of measure.
The Sales Unit Not Variable checkbox when selected does not allow the user to EE
change the sales unit during document processing.
The Unit of Measure Group field groups different UoMs.EE
The Cross-Distribution Chain Status field specifies the status of the material EE
(e.g., under development, discontinued) for all of the distribution chains (com-bination for sales organization and distribution channel).
329_Book.indb 62 4/7/10 10:32:18 AM
63
Material Master – Sales Views 2.3
The Distribution Chain-Specific Status field specifies the status of the material EE
for a distribution chain (as per the organizational data of MMR)
The Delivering Plant field stores the plant that becomes the default delivery EE
plant in a sales document for the material.
The Material Group field is customized and used for grouping materials by EE
company- or project-specific criteria.
The Cash Discount checkbox is selected when a cash discount is allowed for the EE
material.
Division is used to specify the division to which the material belongs.EE
The Tax Classifications field stores the material tax classification indicator for EE
different countries. It is one of the criteria that determines the tax.
The Minimum Order Quantity field stores the value of the minimum quantity EE
a customer can order.
The Minimum Delivery Quantity field stores the minimum quantity that can be EE
delivered to a customer.
Delivery Unit specifies a quantity (e.g., 12) with the UoM. Only multiples of the EE
delivery unit (e.g., 12, 24, 36) are allowed for delivery.
Rounding Profile is used to derive the delivery quantity for a particular order EE
quantity. For example, when the order quantity is 10 units, the derived delivery quantity can be 12 units based on the rounding profile, especially when the delivery unit is 12.
Sales: Sales Org. Data 2
This screen contains the fields that group the material based on various criteria and attributes. Table 2.1 lists the fields and how they group materials.
Field Name Group Materials Based On
Material Statistics Group How they update the Sales information System (SIS) or Logistics Information System (LIS)
Volume Rebate group Rebate agreement processing
Gen. Item Cat. Group Item category determination
Pricing Reference Material Pricing (also refer the following note)
Product Hierarchy Company- and project-specific criteria
Fields and Group MaterialsTable 2.1
329_Book.indb 63 4/7/10 10:32:18 AM
64
Master Data2
Field Name Group Materials Based On
Commission Group Commission paid
Material Pricing Group Pricing
Account Assignment Group Posting to accounting (GL)
Item Category Group Item category determination
Material Group 1/2/3/4/5 Company- and project-specific criteria
Product Attributes 1 to 10 Company- and project-specific criteria
Table 2.1 Fields and Group Materials (Cont.)
Note
Pricing reference material can be used optimally to reduce effort for condition record maintenance. The conditions created for a pricing reference material also become valid for all of the materials that have that pricing reference material.
Sales: General/Plant Data
The values of the fields in this screen are only applicable to the plant for which the material master record is created (base unit of measure and serialization level are two exceptions). For different plants you can have different values (e.g., avail-ability check, transportation group).
Base Unit of Measure (e.g., KG, liter) is the unit of measurement required for EE
maintaining stock.
The Gross Weight field is used to note the weight of the material including EE
packaging and other weights.
The Net Weight field notes the net weight (excluding packaging).EE
The Availability Check field is used to group materials for availability checks EE
and transfer to material requirements planning (MRP).
The Batch Management checkbox is selected for all materials for which creating EE
batches is mandatory.
The Replacement Part indicator specifies whether the material is a replacement EE
part. If it is, then it specified whether it is mandatory or optional.
The Qualify for Free Goods Discount indicator is only used for trading goods. EE
While purchasing, this indicator useful to receive the free goods available.
329_Book.indb 64 4/7/10 10:32:18 AM
65
Material Master – Sales Views 2.3
The Material Freight Group field groups materials based on the fright and/or EE
carrier determination.
The Transportation Group field groups materials based on transportation and EE
route determination.
The Loading Group field groups materials with similar loading requirements EE
and is used along with the shipping conditions and delivery plant fields of a sales document for automatic determination of the shipping point.
Setup time is the time required, if any, to prepare for shipping the material. EE
However, it does not include the actual time for processing the shipment.
Processing time is the time required to process a specified base quantity.EE
Base quantity is required to specify the processing time.EE
The Material Group Packaging Materials field groups materials for determining EE
the packaging material.
The Negative Stock checkbox is selected when a temporary negative stock level EE
is allowed in the plant.
The Profit Center field specifies the profit center to which the accounting post-EE
ing should go for the material (in the plant for which the MMR is applicable)
The Serial No Profile field is filled for the serialized material.EE
Serialization Level is left blank if the requirement is to make all of the combina-EE
tions of material and serial number unique. To make the serial number unique at the client level, set the indicator to 1 for all material master records.
Distribution Profile is relevant for IS-Retail.EE
Customizing Material Master Fields2.3.2
In this section, we discuss the customization of the product hierarchy; material status; material groups 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5; and material commission groups. These are not the only fields that are customized, nor are they the most important; these fields are selected because they have a different customization process than normal.
Product Hierarchy
Product hierarchies are used when materials are grouped in a hierarchical manner, such as for pricing and reporting. In the standard system, the product hierarchy consists of up to three levels; the first and second levels have 5 digits, and the
329_Book.indb 65 4/7/10 10:32:18 AM
66
Master Data2
third level has 8. The maximum number of digits is 18, and the maximum number of levels is 9. You can defi ne hierarchy nodes at individual levels of the product hierarchy. The menu path for this is SAP IMG • Logistics – General • Material Master • Settings for Key Fields • Data Relevant to Sales and Distribution • Defi ne Product Hierarchies (Transaction OVSV).
From this node, as shown in Figure 2.20, you can branch to the following steps:
Product hierarchy structureEE In the Data Dictionary, you can change the structure of the product hierarchy (e.g., the number of levels).
Data entry/displayEE Here you defi ne the display of the product hierarchy and the format of the accompanying text.
Product hierarchyEE Here you defi ne your product hierarchies. Refer to the example shown in Table 2.2 to understand how they are defi ned.
Field catalog for pricingEE Here you make the product hierarchy available for use in pricing.
Field catalog for the Logistics Information SystemEE Here you make the product hierarchy available for use in the Logistics Informa-tion System.
Customizing Product HierarchyFigure 2.20
329_Book.indb 66 4/7/10 10:32:18 AM
67
Material Master – Sales Views 2.3
Table 2.2 shows an example of a product hierarchy.
Product Hierarchy Level No Description
10000 1 Washing Machine
10000•10000 2 Washing Machine • Semi-automatic
10000•10000•10000000 3 Washing Machine • Semi-automatic • 4 Kg (Capacity)
10000•10000•20000000 3 Washing Machine • Semi-automatic • 6 Kg (Capacity)
10000•20000 2 Washing Machine • Automatic
10000•20000•10000000 3 Washing Machine • Automatic • 5 Kg (Capacity)
10000•20000•20000000 3 Washing Machine • Automatic • 7 Kg (Capacity)
20000 1 Television
20000•10000 2 Television • LCD
20000•10000•10000000 3 Television • LCD • 32”
20000•10000•20000000 3 Television • LCD • 40”
20000•20000 2 Television • Plasma
20000•20000•10000000 3 Television • Plasma • 52”
20000•20000•20000000 3 Television • Plasma • 60”
Example of Product HierarchyTable 2.2
Material Status
The material status (also known as the sales status) of any material determines whether the material will be blocked for any particular sales process. The menu path for defining sales statuses is SAP IMG • Logistics – General • Material Mas-ter • Settings for Key Fields • Data Relevant to Sales and Distribution • Define Sales Statuses. This takes you to the screen shown in Figure 2.21. The steps to customize the material status are below.
Select any existing entry. We have selected the first entry (Figure 2.21).1.
Click on the Copy As icon or press 2. [F6]. This takes you to the screen shown in Figure 2.22, with the message “Specify target entries.”
329_Book.indb 67 4/7/10 10:32:19 AM
68
Master Data2
Defi ning Sales Statuses of MaterialsFigure 2.21
Change the two-digit status key and description.3.
Assign a status to each of the processes shown in Figure 2.22. 4. There are 13 Sales and Distribution processes, for which the status can be defi ned as a warning (A) or error (B). It’s possible to have no message (when neither A nor B is selected) for some processes. For example, in your company or industry, it may be a standard practice to accept an order for a product when it’s still under trial, though the delivery is to be made after trial. So even when the status is Under Testing, there is no warning or error while creating the order, but for delivery there can be an error message.
List of Sales Activities for Which a Material Can Be BlockedFigure 2.22
329_Book.indb 68 4/7/10 10:32:19 AM
69
Material Master – Sales Views 2.3
These statuses are assigned to a material in the material master record in the Sales: Sales Org Data 1 tab, DChain-spec. Status fi eld.
Material Groups 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
Material groups 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, which appear in the Sales Org. Data 2 tab of the material master record, are different from the material group (MARA-MATKL), which appears on the Basic Data 1 tab of the material master record. More specifi -cally, material groups 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 are used for reporting in the Sales and Dis-tribution component, whereas the material group fi elds of the Basic Data 1 tab are used across all components. The material group (MARA-MATKL) is customized via Transaction OMSF. Material groups 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 are customized via Transaction OVSU (menu path: SAP IMG • Logistics – General • Material Master • Settings for Key Fields • Data Relevant to Sales and Distribution • Defi ne Material Groups). As shown in Figure 2.23, any of these material groups can contain sev-eral three-digit alphanumeric keys with descriptions; while creating a material master record, you can select one of these fi elds so that a material will have a value for each material group, from 1 to 5. You can keep one or two of these unused for future usage. These groups can have generic descriptions and can also be used to address one-time reporting requirements.
Customizing Material Groups 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5Figure 2.23
Material Commission Groups
Material commission groups are also used for reporting (and pricing) purposes. In pricing, you can make a material commission group a key fi eld of a pricing condi-
329_Book.indb 69 4/7/10 10:32:20 AM
70
Master Data2
tion table for a condition type (price or surcharge). We’ll discuss this in Chapter 4. Because the fi eld is used for calculating commission, reports are also prepared using it in the selection screen for that purpose. We’ll discuss reporting in Chapter 9. Material commission groups are defi ned using the menu path SAP IMG • Logis-tics – General • Material Master • Settings for Key Fields • Data Relevant to Sales and Distribution • Defi ne Commission Groups. As shown in Figure 2.24, you defi ne a material commission group by adding a two-digit alphanumeric key and a description.
Defi ning Material Commission GroupsFigure 2.24
Customer-Material Info Records
Customer-material info records are a form of master data that are used when the same customers order customer-specifi c materials. They provide information about a custom-er’s choice of carrier, delivery priority, specifi c material codes, and other information that is often repeated in their orders. They also permit the customer to order a material (referring their own number) where their material number and your material number differ. During the creation of a sales order for a customer buying a specifi c material, the information in the customer-material info record overwrites the information that would otherwise fl ow from customer or material master records. These info records are cre-ated, changed, and displayed via Transactions VD51/2/3 (SAP Menu • Logistics • Sales and Distribution • Master Data • Agreements • Customer Material Information • Create / Change / Display). They can be created for a particular sales organization and distribution channel, and can apply to several materials.
Batch Master Data2.4
A batch is often used in process industries (oil and gas, concrete, paint, pharmaceu-ticals, fast-moving consumer goods, and others) or where shelf-life management is a concern (e.g., foods and beverages). A batch number is a number associated with a specifi c storage unit of a material. Products with the same batch number
329_Book.indb 70 4/7/10 10:32:20 AM
509
A
ABAP query, 399, 410Access number, 153Access sequence, 153, 166, 175, 320, 351Account determination
cash settlement, 303payment cards, 303procedure, 302, 318, 322reconciliation account, 302table, 317, 318type, 318, 321
Account determination analysis, 404Accounting document, 290
overview, 407Accounting key, 201Accounting period, 287Account key, 201, 318, 323Accounts interface, 325Accrual period start date, 326Additional value days, 174Allocation number, 302, 328Americasí SAP Usersí Group, 25Analyses, 399Application link enabling (ALE), 362Application toolbar, 28Area menu, 87ASAP methodology, 30Asset Management, 22Assigning organizational units, 33, 38Assign pricing procedure, 182Automatic account posting, 287Automatic credit control, 206, 210Automatic packing, 238Availability check, 114Available to promise, 117
B
Backward scheduling, 264BADI_CMP_PROCESSING, 308Barcode, 248Baseline date, 316Basis for the rebate, 188Basis mode, 410Batch classification, 79Batch determination, 142, 233, 276Batch information cockpit, 371Batch level, 72Batch management, 367
master data, 43Batch master data, 70Batch numbers, 76Batch search procedure, 144Batch status management, 72Batch where-used list, 368BDC, 57Billing, 289Billing block, 225Billing documents copying requirements routines, 105Billing due list, 290, 295Billing plan, 128, 289, 310, 315
types, 310Billing transfer routines, 106Billing types, 298Bill of materials, 130Bill-to party, 112Blocking/unblocking customers, 223Block sales support, 224Blueprint, 30Bottom-up analysis, 368, 369BSP application, 366
Index
329_Book.indb 509 4/7/10 10:35:5 AM
510
Index
Business server pages (BSPs), 363Business transaction, 278Business transaction type, 160
C
Calculation type, 176Cancellation invoice, 296CarLo, 279Cash account determination, 328Changes, 407Changing layout, 409Characteristic, 79, 428Chart of account, 201Check customized billing types, 298, 306Checking groups, 117Checking rule, 118Check purchase order no, 94Check value, 179Classes, 79Classification system, 277Collective billing document, 295Collective requirement, 114Comments, 447Commodity codes, 159Common distribution channels, 45Common divisions, 46Communication strategy, 154Company, 34Company code, 34Complaint, 146, 289Complaint documents, 308Condition category, 176Condition class, 176Condition index, 179Condition records, 167, 168Condition tables, 166, 175Condition technique, 167, 317Condition type, 167, 176Condition type group, 187Condition update, 179Configurable material, 131
Consignmentfill-up, 129issue, 129pick-up, 129return, 129sale, 128
Consistency check, 39Contract profile, 126Controlling, 22Copy control, 107Copying requirements, 104, 301Copy quantity, 110Copy schedule line, 109Correction and transportation, 24Countries, 158Create condition records, 182Create query, 411Create variant, 444, 450Creating individual invoice, 290Credit control area, 35, 215Credit group, 215Credit horizon, 213, 218Credit limit, 209Credit management, 205Credit management field groups, 61Credit manager, 210Credit master sheet, 220Credit memo request, 147Credit representative, 60, 209, 210
groups, 60, 208Credit risk categories, 60Critical fields, 216Currencies, 158, 187Currency conversion, 179Current period, 287Customer account groups, 47, 113Customer analyses, 423Customer contracts, 124Customer credit groups, 207Customer credit master data, 43, 58Customer credit master records, 206, 211Customer determination schema, 227Customer mass maintenance, 51
329_Book.indb 510 4/7/10 10:35:5 AM
511
Index
Customer master data, 43Customer master record fields, 49Customer-material info records, 70Customer payment guarantee procedure, 227Customer pricing procedure, 182, 183Customer tax classifications, 200Customized analyses, 430Customized info-structure, 428Customizing specifications, 394Customs offices, 161
D
Data declaration, 448Data source, 410, 411Data transfer, 104Date categories, 310, 312Date descriptions, 310Date proposals, 310, 314Days of sales outstanding, 59Debit memo request, 147Debugging, 374, 376Defining organizational units, 34Delete from database, 179Deliveries copying requirements routines, 104Delivery block, 224Delivery data transfer routines, 106Delivery document, 233Delivery due date, 256Delivery due list, 248, 249Delivery item category, 234, 238Delivery list, 256Delivery split, 237Delivery type, 234Departure zones, 262Determination procedure, 167Development server, 23Dispatch time, 154Display Log, 354Distribution channel, 36, 40Divisions, 35, 40Documentary payment, 225
Documentation, 444, 449Document credit group, 207, 209Document determination schema, 227Document flow, 110, 407Document management system, 75Document payment guarantee procedure, 227Document pricing procedure, 94, 182, 183, 302Document statistical group, 236Document value, 216
classes, 211Drill down, 409DSO, 206, 221Dunning levels, 217
E
Employee master data, 84Equipment requirement, 278Evaluation structure, 429Execute flexible analyses, 433Export credit insurance, 225Export/import procedures, 159Extended syntax check, 450External tax document, 199
F
Field catalog, 166, 175, 317, 318Field catalog for pricing, 66FIFO, 248Filter, 409Final preparation, 31Financial Accounting, 22Financial document category, 226Financial document type, 226Fixed value days, 174Flexible analyses, 427Foreign trade, 157Foreign trade master data, 82Forms of payment guarantee, 225, 228
329_Book.indb 511 4/7/10 10:35:5 AM
512
Index
Forward scheduling, 264Free goods, 136Free items, 136Free-of-charge delivery, 146Function code, 256, 257
profile, 256Function Keys, 30Function module GN_INVOICE_CREATE, 296Fund Management, 22
G
General billing interface, 289, 296General ledger, 86Golden client, 270Go-live, 31Goods issue, 246Graphical presentation, 410Group condition, 177
routine, 177Group header, 193Group reference procedure, 127Groups, 60Group specification, 394
H
Handling unit, 244data transfer routines, 106
Header condition, 177Holding company, 34
I
IDoc interface, 356Implementation Guide, 24Import code numbers, 159Importing organizational units, 33Inbound file, 358Incompleteness analysis, 406Incompleteness procedure, 132, 134
Incomplete text, 136Incompletion control, 132Incompletion fields, 135Incompletion group, 132Incompletion log, 135Index list, 256Individual billing document, 295Individual purchase order, 131Individual requirement, 114InfoCubes, 442InfoSource, 443Infotype, 85Initial status of a new batch, 73Inner join, 414Inquiry, 91Insert tables, 412Integration points, 150Intercompany sales, 148Intercompany stock transfer, 233, 266Internal customers, 269Internet service provider (ISP), 363Interval characteristics, 395Interval scale, 170Intracompany stock transfer, 150Invoice correction, 147Invoice reference, 329Invoice split, 294IP address, 363Item categories, 99, 100Item category group, 100Item conditions, 177Item level, 193
J
JavaScripts, 364Join tables, 411
K
Key field, 194Key figures, 428
329_Book.indb 512 4/7/10 10:35:5 AM
513
Index
L
Layout mode, 411Layout of batch master records, 74Lead time, 97Left-outer join, 414Letter of credit, 225List fields, 416Listing/execution analysis, 407List profile, 252Lists, 399, 400Loading point, 38Loading time, 264, 265Location master data, 284Logical database, 412Logistics Execution, 22Logistics Information System, 66LSMW, 57, 374LVKMPFZ1, 216, 376LVKMPFZZ2, 216, 376LVKMPFZZ3, 216LVKMPTZZ, 216, 376
M
Make-to-order production, 130Manual entry, 177Master contract, 124Master data, 43, 453Material analyses, 426Material commission groups, 69Material determination, 140Material determination analysis, 407Material for settlement, 188Material listing/exclusion, 140Material master, 62Material master data, 43Material period, 287Material-related value contract, 125Materials Management, 22Material status, 67Material tax indicators, 201
Max tax, 202MCSCHECK, 433MCVCHECK01, 437Menu bar, 27Message control, 355Method of payment, 187Milestone billing, 310MIME object, 366Mode of transport, 161
category, 260Modes of transport, 260Movement type, 78, 148MRP type, 102, 115Multiple reference, 147
N
Negative posting, 300Next internal review date, 216Next review date, 222NOK, 219
O
Oldest open item, 217Online Support System, 25Online transaction processing, 439Open items, 216Operations, 448Order block, 224Order confirmation, 154Order data transfer routines, 106Order fulfillment, 22Order reason, 98Order reference, 235Orders copying requirements routines, 104Organizational structure, 33Organizational units, 33Outbound trigger, 358Outline agreements, 124Output determination analysis, 404
329_Book.indb 513 4/7/10 10:35:6 AM
514
Index
Output determination procedure, 236Output processing analysis, 404, 405Outputs, 152Output type, 153, 236
P
Packaging materials, 244Packing, 245Page header, 193Parameter LE_VL10_USER_VARIANT, 253Parameter rdisp/max_wprun_time, 329Parameters, 88Partner determination, 112Partner determination procedure, 210, 237Partner function, 154Payer, 112Payment cards, 225Payment guarantee, 205, 225
category, 225determination procedure, 226procedures, 227schema, 228, 229
Payment History, 212Payroll, 22Periodic billing, 310Period indicator, 77Personnel Management, 22Picking, 242Picking lists, 275Pick/pack time, 264, 265Planned goods issue date, 256Planning, 117Plant, 35Plant Maintenance, 22Post goods issue, 215Posting block, 223, 299Previous period, 287Pricing, 165Pricing analysis, 403Pricing procedure, 179, 180Pricing type, 110
Print, 410Processing status, 172Process key, 201Product allocation, 117Product hierarchy, 65
structure, 66Production Planning, 22Production server, 23, 270Pro forma billing type, 307Pro forma invoice, 289Program
attributes, 444name, 444LV07A111, 244LV50R_VIEWG09, 251MV45AFZZ, 332MV50AFZ1, 234MV50AFZ3, 243MV50AFZZ, 236MV60ATOP, 293RFYTXDISPLAY, 202RM07CHDX, 72RV15B003, 191RV60AFZZ, 303, 332RVKRED08, 216, 218RVKRED77, 332RVV05IVB, 191
Project preparation, 30Proposed delivery date, 97Proposed PO date, 97Proposed pricing date, 97Proposed valid-from date, 97
Q
Qty Proposal, 144Quality Management, 22Quality server, 23Quant, 248Quantity contract, 124Quantity scale, 170Quotation, 91
329_Book.indb 514 4/7/10 10:35:6 AM
515
Index
R
Realization, 31Rebate agreement, 186
type, 188Rebate recipient, 187Rebate settlement, 289Reconciliation account determination, 327Record type, 297Reference application, 178Reference condition type, 178Reference mandatory, 93Reference number, 302, 328Releasing blocked document, 219Relevant for account assignment, 179Remote function call (RFC), 361Rental contract, 125Report in Excel/Lotus, 410Report RFDKLI20, 286Request of quotation, 90Requirement routine 104, 113, 210, 211Requirements, 104
formulas, 104Requirements class, 115, 118Requirement type, 115, 119Returnable packaging, 129Returns, 146, 147Revenue account determination, 317Revenue distribution type, 326Revenue event, 327Revenue recognition, 325
category, 326RFID, 248Risk categories, 208, 215ROADNET, 279Rounding difference comparison, 177Rounding rule, 177Route determination, 233, 237, 259, 262Routes, 259Route schedule, 256Route stages, 262Rule MALA, 235Rule MARE, 236
Rule RETA, 236Rules for determining dates, 316
S
Sabrix, 197Sales, 89Sales activity
copying requirements routines, 105data transfer routines, 106
Sales and Distribution, 22Sales and Operation Planning (SOP), 151Sales area, 36, 38, 44, 182, 224, 269Sales document, 91Sales group, 37, 40Sales Information System, 399Sales office, 36, 40
analyses, 425Sales organization, 36, 39Sales organization analyses, 426SAP Advanced Planner and Optimizer (APO), 98, 123SAP Central Process Scheduling, 33SAP Developers Network, 25SAP Easy Access Menu Paths, 28SAP edit function, 55SAP Education, 25SAP ERP Operations, 22SAP GUI, 25SAP icons, 29SAP NetWeaver BW
reporting, 399SAP Notes, 25SAPPHIRE, 25SAP PRESS, 25SAP Quality Center by HP, 33SAP query infoset, 412SAP Safeguarding, 32SAP Service Marketplace, 25SAP Solution Manager, 31SAP tax interface, 199Scale basis, 179
329_Book.indb 515 4/7/10 10:35:6 AM
516
Index
Scale formula, 179Scales, 170Scale type, 179Scheduling agreements, 127SD document category, 92SD TPS 4.0, 279SD User exits, 374Search, 409Selection fields, 411, 416Selection screen, 448Select list, 411Select statement, 448Serialization, 233Serialization procedure, 278Serial number, 233, 277Service and maintenance contract, 125Shelf life expiration date, 77, 367Shifts, 264Shipment data transfer routines, 107Shipping condition, 263Shipping point, 37, 40Shipping point analyses, 426Shipping type procedure group, 260Shipping types, 260Ship-to party, 112Simple credit limit check, 209SLIN Overview, 451Sold-to party, 112Sort, 409Split analysis, 294Standard analyses, 423Static check, 216Status, 187Status bar, 28Status file, 359Status groups, 132Status overview, 407Stock overview, 408Stock transfer, 233, 266Storage bin, 248Storage location, 37Storage location rule, 235Storage types, 248
Strategy, 120group, 119type, 143
Structure condition, 177Subtotal A, 218Supplement conditions, 172System messages, 74System status bar, 27
T
Table join, 412Table view, 412Tax category, 200Tax codes, 201
juristiction, 200Tax determination rule, 200Tax type, 201Taxware, 197TechEd, 25Terms of payment, 174Text data transfer routines, 107Text determination
analysis, 353procedure, 236, 348
Text elements, 444, 449Text group, 345, 349Text ID, 348Text name data transfer routines, 107Text objects, 345Texts copying requirements routines, 105Text specifications, 394Third-party order, 131Title bar, 28Top-down analysis, 368, 369To scale, 170Total and subtotal, 409Transaction, 28
MASS, 51NACE, 154, 273, 355SE16N, 55
Transaction keys, 202
329_Book.indb 516 4/7/10 10:35:6 AM
517
Index
Transaction variant, 94Transfer of requirements, 114, 123Transfer order, 247Transfer posting, 267Transit time, 264, 266Transmission medium, 154Transportation connection points, 260Transportation group, 262, 263Transportation Management, 38Transportation planning time, 264Transport planning point, 38Transport scheduling time, 266Traveling time, 266Two-step stock transfer, 267
U
Update condition, 174Update group, 35USEREXIT_LIPS-KOQUI_DETERMINE, 243USEREXIT_NUMBER_RANGE, 234USEREXIT_PRICING_PREPARE_TKOMP, 332User master data, 86
V
Validity period, 172, 187Valuation level, 35Value contract, 125Value scale, 170Vendor master data, 82Vertex, 197VOFM routines, 103, 345VOTXN, 345
W
Warehouse Management, 22, 247Warehouse number, 37, 248Web Interface, 362
Builder, 364Weight groups, 263Wild Cards, 29Working hours, 264Work lists, 399, 402
329_Book.indb 517 4/7/10 10:35:6 AM
