Oracle Solaris Administration - Network Services

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Oracle® Solaris Administration: Network Services

Part No:821–1454–10November2011


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Contents

Preface ...................................................................................................................................................33

Part I Network Services Topics ..................................................................................................................... 39

1 Network Service (Overview) ..............................................................................................................41

Topics for the Oracle Solaris 11 Release ........................................................................................... 41

Perl 5 ...................................................................................................................................................... 42

Accessing Perl Documentation .................................................................................................. 42

Perl Compatibility Issues ............................................................................................................ 42

Changes to the Oracle Solaris Version of Perl .......................................................................... 43

2 ManagingWebCache Servers ...........................................................................................................45

Network Cache and Accelerator (Overview) ................................................................................... 45Web Servers Using the Secure Sockets Layer Protocol ................................................................... 46

Managing Web Cache Servers (Task Map) ...................................................................................... 47

Planning for NCA ................................................................................................................................ 47

System Requirements for NCA .................................................................................................. 47

NCA Logging ................................................................................................................................ 48

Interpositioning Library for Daemon Support of the Door Server ........................................ 48

Multiple Instance Support .......................................................................................................... 48

Administering the Caching of Web Pages (Tasks) .......................................................................... 48

▼How to Enable Caching of Web Pages ....................................................................................... 48

▼How to Disable Caching of Web Pages ...................................................................................... 51

▼How to Enable or Disable NCA Logging ................................................................................... 51

How to Load the Socket Utility Library for NCA ..................................................................... 52

▼How to Add a New Port to the NCA Service ............................................................................. 52▼How to Congure an Apache 2.0 Web Server to Use the SSL Kernel Proxy ......................... 53

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▼How to Congure a Sun Java System Web Server to Use the SSL Kernel Proxy ................... 55

Using the SSL Kernel Proxy in Zones ........................................................................................ 56

Caching Web Pages (Reference) ........................................................................................................ 57NCA Files ...................................................................................................................................... 57

NCA Architecture ........................................................................................................................ 58

3 Time-Related Services ........................................................................................................................61

Clock Synchronization (Overview) ................................................................................................... 61

About NTP in This Release ................................................................................................................ 62Managing Network Time Protocol (Tasks) ...................................................................................... 62

▼How to Set Up an NTP Server .................................................................................................... 62

▼How to Set Up an NTP Client ..................................................................................................... 62

▼How to Enable NTP Logging ...................................................................................................... 63

▼How to Display the SMF Properties Associated With the NTP Service ................................ 63

Using Other Time-Related Commands (Tasks) .............................................................................. 64▼How to Synchronize Date and Time From Another System .................................................. 64

Network Time Protocol (Reference) ................................................................................................. 64

Part II Accessing Network File SystemsTopics ........................................................................................... 67

4 Managing Network File Systems (Overview) .................................................................................. 69

What's New With the NFS Service .................................................................................................... 69

Changes in This Release .............................................................................................................. 69

Signicant Changes in Earlier Releases ..................................................................................... 71

NFS Terminology ................................................................................................................................ 72

NFS Servers and Clients .............................................................................................................. 72

NFS File Systems .......................................................................................................................... 72About the NFS Service ........................................................................................................................ 73

About Autofs ........................................................................................................................................ 73

Features of the NFS Service ................................................................................................................ 74

NFS Version 2 Protocol ............................................................................................................... 74



Controlling NFS Versions .......................................................................................................... 76

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NFS ACL Support ........................................................................................................................ 76

NFS Over TCP .............................................................................................................................. 76

NFS Over UDP ............................................................................................................................. 77Overview of NFS Over RDMA ................................................................................................... 77

Network Lock Manager and NFS ............................................................................................... 77

NFS Large File Support ............................................................................................................... 78

NFS Client Failover ...................................................................................................................... 78

Kerberos Support for the NFS Service ....................................................................................... 78

WebNFS Support ......................................................................................................................... 78

RPCSEC_GSS Security Flavor .................................................................................................... 79

Solaris 7 Extensions for NFS Mounting .................................................................................... 79

Security Negotiation for the WebNFS Service .......................................................................... 79

NFS Server Logging ..................................................................................................................... 79

Autofs Features ............................................................................................................................. 80

5 Network File System Administration (Tasks) .................................................................................. 81

Automatic File System Sharing .......................................................................................................... 82

▼How to Set Up Automatic File-System Sharing ........................................................................ 82

▼How to Enable WebNFS Access ................................................................................................. 83

▼How to Enable NFS Server Logging ........................................................................................... 84

Mounting File Systems ........................................................................................................................ 85

▼How to Mount a File System at Boot Time ................................................................................ 86

▼How to Mount a File System From the Command Line .......................................................... 86

Mounting With the Automounter ............................................................................................. 87

▼How to Mount All File Systems from a Server .......................................................................... 87

▼How to Disable Large Files on an NFS Server ........................................................................... 88

▼How to Use Client-Side Failover ................................................................................................ 89

▼How to Disable Mount Access for One Client .......................................................................... 89▼How to Mount an NFS File System Through a Firewall .......................................................... 89

▼How to Mount an NFS File System Using an NFS URL .......................................................... 90

Setting up a DNS Record for a Federated File System Server .................................................. 90

Setting Up NFS Services ...................................................................................................................... 91

▼How to Start the NFS Services .................................................................................................... 92

▼How to Stop the NFS Services ..................................................................................................... 92

▼How to Start the Automounter ................................................................................................... 92

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▼How to Stop the Automounter ................................................................................................... 93

▼How to Select Different Versions of NFS on a Server .............................................................. 93

▼How to Select Different Versions of NFS on a Client .............................................................. 94▼How to Use the mount Command to Select Different Versions of NFS on a Client ............. 95

Administering the Secure NFS System ............................................................................................. 96

▼How to Set Up a Secure NFS Environment With DH Authentication .................................. 96

WebNFS Administration Tasks ......................................................................................................... 97

Planning for WebNFS Access ..................................................................................................... 98

How to Browse Using an NFS URL ........................................................................................... 99

How to Enable WebNFS Access Through a Firewall ............................................................... 99

Task Overview for Autofs Administration ..................................................................................... 100

Task Map for Autofs Administration ...................................................................................... 100

Using SMF Parameters to Congure Your Autofs Environment ........................................ 101

▼How to Congure Your Autofs Environment Using SMF Parameters ............................... 102

Administrative Tasks Involving Maps ..................................................................................... 102

Modifying the Maps ................................................................................................................... 103▼How to Modify the Master Map ............................................................................................... 103

▼How to Modify Indirect Maps .................................................................................................. 104

▼How to Modify Direct Maps ..................................................................................................... 104

Avoiding Mount-Point Conicts ............................................................................................. 105

Accessing Non-NFS File Systems ............................................................................................. 105

▼How to Access CD-ROM Applications With Autofs ............................................................. 105

▼How to Access PC-DOS Data Diskettes With Autofs ............................................................ 106

Customizing the Automounter ................................................................................................ 106

Setting Up a Common View of /home ..................................................................................... 106

▼How to Set Up /home With Multiple Home Directory File Systems .................................... 107

▼How to Consolidate Project-Related Files Under /ws ........................................................... 108

▼How to Set Up Different Architectures to Access a Shared Namespace .............................. 109

▼How to Support Incompatible Client Operating System Versions ...................................... 110▼How to Replicate Shared Files Across Several Servers ........................................................... 110

▼How to Apply Autofs Security Restrictions ............................................................................ 111

▼How to Use a Public File Handle With Autofs ........................................................................ 111

▼How to Use NFS URLs With Autofs ........................................................................................ 111

Disabling Autofs Browsability .................................................................................................. 112

▼How to Completely Disable Autofs Browsability on a Single NFS Client ........................... 112

▼How to Disable Autofs Browsability for All Clients ............................................................... 112

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▼How to Disable Autofs Browsability on a Selected File System ............................................ 113

Administering NFS Referrals ........................................................................................................... 114

▼How to Create and Access an NFS Referral ............................................................................ 114▼How to Remove an NFS Referral .............................................................................................. 115

Strategies for NFS Troubleshooting ................................................................................................ 115

NFS Troubleshooting Procedures ................................................................................................... 116

▼How to Check Connectivity on an NFS Client ....................................................................... 116

▼How to Check the NFS Server Remotely ................................................................................. 117

▼How to Verify the NFS Service on the Server .......................................................................... 118

▼How to Restart NFS Services ..................................................................................................... 119

Identifying Which Host Is Providing NFS File Service .......................................................... 119

▼How to Verify Options Used With the mount Command ..................................................... 120

Troubleshooting Autofs .................................................................................................................... 120

Error Messages Generated by automount -v .......................................................................... 121

Miscellaneous Error Messages ................................................................................................. 122

Other Errors With Autofs ......................................................................................................... 124NFS Error Messages .......................................................................................................................... 124

6 Accessing Network File Systems (Reference) ................................................................................129

NFS Files ............................................................................................................................................. 129

/etc/default/nfslogd File ..................................................................................................... 130

/etc/nfs/nfslog.conf File ..................................................................................................... 131

NFS Daemons .................................................................................................................................... 132

automountd Daemon ................................................................................................................. 133

lockd Daemon ........................................................................................................................... 134

mountd Daemon ......................................................................................................................... 135

nfs4cbd Daemon ....................................................................................................................... 135

nfsd Daemon ............................................................................................................................. 135nfslogd Daemon ....................................................................................................................... 136

nfsmapid Daemon ..................................................................................................................... 137

reparsed Daemon ..................................................................................................................... 143

statd Daemon ........................................................................................................................... 143

NFS Commands ................................................................................................................................ 144

automount Command ............................................................................................................... 144

clear_locks Command ........................................................................................................... 145

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fsstat Command ..................................................................................................................... 145

mount Command ........................................................................................................................ 146

umount Command ..................................................................................................................... 151mountall Command ................................................................................................................. 152

umountall Command ............................................................................................................... 153

sharectl Command ................................................................................................................. 153

share Command ........................................................................................................................ 156

unshare Command ................................................................................................................... 160

shareall Command ................................................................................................................. 160

unshareall Command ............................................................................................................. 161

showmount Command ............................................................................................................... 161

setmnt Command ..................................................................................................................... 162

nfsref Command ..................................................................................................................... 162

Commands for Troubleshooting NFS Problems ........................................................................... 163

nfsstat Command ................................................................................................................... 163

pstack Command ..................................................................................................................... 165rpcinfo Command ................................................................................................................... 165

snoop Command ........................................................................................................................ 167

truss Command ........................................................................................................................ 167

NFS Over RDMA ............................................................................................................................... 168

How the NFS Service Works ............................................................................................................ 170

Version Negotiation in NFS ..................................................................................................... 170

Features in NFS Version 4 ......................................................................................................... 171

UDP and TCP Negotiation ....................................................................................................... 180

File Transfer Size Negotiation .................................................................................................. 181

How File Systems Are Mounted ............................................................................................... 181

Effects of the -public Option and NFS URLs When Mounting .......................................... 182

Client-Side Failover ................................................................................................................... 183

Large Files ................................................................................................................................... 185How NFS Server Logging Works ............................................................................................. 185

How the WebNFS Service Works ............................................................................................ 185

How WebNFS Security Negotiation Works ........................................................................... 186

WebNFS Limitations With Web Browser Use ....................................................................... 187

Secure NFS System ..................................................................................................................... 188

Secure RPC ................................................................................................................................. 188

How Mirror Mounts Work .............................................................................................................. 191

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When to Use Mirror Mounts .................................................................................................... 191

Mounting a File System Using Mirror Mounts ...................................................................... 191

Unmounting a File System Using Mirror Mounts ................................................................. 192How NFS Referrals Work ................................................................................................................. 192

When to Use NFS Referrals? ..................................................................................................... 192

Creating an NFS Referral .......................................................................................................... 193

Removing an NFS Referral ....................................................................................................... 193

Autofs Maps ....................................................................................................................................... 193

Master Autofs Map .................................................................................................................... 193Direct Autofs Maps .................................................................................................................... 195

Indirect Autofs Maps ................................................................................................................. 197

How Autofs Works ............................................................................................................................ 198

How Autofs Navigates Through the Network (Maps) ........................................................... 200

How Autofs Starts the Navigation Process (Master Map) ..................................................... 200

Autofs Mount Process ............................................................................................................... 201

How Autofs Selects the Nearest Read-Only Files for Clients (Multiple Locations) ........... 202

Autofs and Weighting ............................................................................................................... 205

Variables in a Autofs Map Entry .............................................................................................. 206

Maps That Refer to Other Maps ............................................................................................... 206

Executable Autofs Maps ............................................................................................................ 207

Modifying How Autofs Navigates the Network (Modifying Maps) ..................................... 208

Default Autofs Behavior With Name Services ........................................................................ 208

Autofs Reference ................................................................................................................................ 210

Autofs and Metacharacters ....................................................................................................... 210

Autofs and Special Characters .................................................................................................. 211

PartIII SLP Topics ............................................................................................................................................213

7 SLP (Overview) ...................................................................................................................................215

SLP Architecture ................................................................................................................................ 215

Summary of the SLP Design ..................................................................................................... 216

SLP Agents and Processes ......................................................................................................... 216

SLP Implementation ......................................................................................................................... 218

Other SLP Information Sources ............................................................................................... 219

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8 Planning and Enabling SLP(Tasks) ................................................................................................221

SLP Conguration Considerations ................................................................................................. 221

Deciding What to Recongure ................................................................................................. 222Using snoop to Monitor SLP Activity ............................................................................................. 222

▼How to Use snoop to Run SLP Traces ...................................................................................... 223

Analyzing a snoop slp Trace ................................................................................................... 223

9 Administering SLP(Tasks) ................................................................................................................227

Conguring SLP Properties ............................................................................................................. 227SLP Conguration File: Basic Elements .................................................................................. 228

▼How to Change Your SLP Conguration ............................................................................... 229

Modifying DA Advertising and Discovery Frequency .................................................................. 230

Limiting UAs and SAs to Statically Congured DAs ............................................................. 230

▼How to Limit UAs and SAs to Statically Congured DAs ..................................................... 230

Conguring DA Discovery for Dial-up Networks ................................................................. 231

▼How to Congure DA Discovery for Dial-up Networks ....................................................... 231

Conguring the DA Heartbeat for Frequent Partitions ........................................................ 233

▼How to Congure DA Heartbeat for Frequent Partitions ..................................................... 233

Relieving Network Congestion ................................................................................................ 234

Accommodating Different Network Media, Topologies, or Congurations ............................. 234

Reducing SA Reregistrations .................................................................................................... 234

▼How to Reduce SA Reregistrations .......................................................................................... 235

Conguring the Multicast Time-to-Live Property ................................................................ 235

▼How to Congure the Multicast Time-to-Live Property ...................................................... 236

Conguring the Packet Size ...................................................................................................... 237

▼How to Congure the Packet Size ............................................................................................ 237

Conguring Broadcast-Only Routing ..................................................................................... 238

▼How to Congure Broadcast-Only Routing ........................................................................... 238Modifying Timeouts on SLP Discovery Requests ......................................................................... 239

Changing Default Timeouts ..................................................................................................... 239

▼How to Change Default Timeouts ........................................................................................... 240

Conguring the Random-Wait Bound ................................................................................... 241

▼How to Congure the Random-Wait Bound ......................................................................... 241

Deploying Scopes .............................................................................................................................. 242

When to Congure Scopes ....................................................................................................... 243

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Considerations When Conguring Scopes ............................................................................ 244

▼How to Congure Scopes .......................................................................................................... 244

Deploying DAs ................................................................................................................................... 245Why Deploy an SLP DA? .......................................................................................................... 245

When to Deploy DAs ................................................................................................................. 247

▼How to Deploy DAs ................................................................................................................... 247

Where to Place DAs ................................................................................................................... 248

SLP and Multihoming ....................................................................................................................... 249

Multihoming Conguration for SLP ....................................................................................... 249

When to Congure for Nonrouted, Multiple Network Interfaces ....................................... 249

Conguring Nonrouted, Multiple Network Interfaces (Task Map) .................................... 250

Conguring the net.slp.interfaces Property ................................................................... 250

Proxy Advertising on Multihomed Hosts ............................................................................... 252

DA Placement and Scope Name Assignment ......................................................................... 252

Considerations When Conguring for Nonrouted, Multiple Network Interfaces ............ 253

10 Incorporating Legacy Services ........................................................................................................255

When to Advertise Legacy Services ................................................................................................. 255

Advertising Legacy Services ............................................................................................................. 255

Modifying the Service ................................................................................................................ 255

Advertising a Service That Is Not SLP Enabled ...................................................................... 256

SLP Proxy Registration .............................................................................................................. 256▼How to Enable SLP Proxy Registration ................................................................................... 256

Using SLP Proxy Registration to Advertise ............................................................................ 257

Considerations When Advertising Legacy Services ...................................................................... 259

11 SLP (Reference) ..................................................................................................................................261

SLP Status Codes ............................................................................................................................... 261SLP Message Types ............................................................................................................................ 262

Part IV Mail Services Topics ..........................................................................................................................265

12 Mail Services (Overview) ..................................................................................................................267

What's New With Mail Services ....................................................................................................... 267

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Changes in this Release ............................................................................................................. 268

Signicant Changes in Earlier Releases ................................................................................... 268

Other sendmail Information Sources ............................................................................................ 269Introduction to the Components of Mail Services ........................................................................ 269

Overview of the Software Components .................................................................................. 269

Overview of the Hardware Components ................................................................................ 270

13 Mail Services (Tasks) .........................................................................................................................273

Task Map for Mail Services .............................................................................................................. 273Planning Your Mail System .............................................................................................................. 274

Local Mail Only .......................................................................................................................... 275

Local Mail and a Remote Connection ..................................................................................... 276

Setting Up Mail Services (Task Map) .............................................................................................. 277

Setting Up Mail Services ................................................................................................................... 277

▼How to Set Up a Mail Server ..................................................................................................... 278

▼How to Set Up a Mail Client ...................................................................................................... 279

▼How to Set Up a Mail Host ........................................................................................................ 281

▼How to Set Up a Mail Gateway ................................................................................................. 283

▼How to Use DNS With sendmail ............................................................................................. 284

Changing the sendmail Conguration (Task Map) ..................................................................... 285

Changing the sendmail Conguration .......................................................................................... 285

▼How to Build a New sendmail.cf File .................................................................................... 286Setting Up a Virtual Host .......................................................................................................... 287

▼How to Automatically Rebuild a Conguration File ............................................................. 287

▼How to Use sendmail in the Open Mode ................................................................................ 288

▼How to Set SMTP to Use TLS ................................................................................................... 289

▼How to Manage Mail Delivery by Using an Alternate Conguration of sendmail.cf ..... 293

Administering Mail Alias Files (Task Map) ................................................................................... 294Administering Mail Alias Files ........................................................................................................ 295

▼HowtoSetUpanNIS mail.aliases Map ............................................................................. 295

▼How to Set Up a Local Mail Alias File ...................................................................................... 296

▼How to Create a Keyed Map File .............................................................................................. 298

Managing the postmaster Alias .............................................................................................. 298

Administering the Queue Directories (Task Map) ....................................................................... 300

Administering the Queue Directories ............................................................................................. 301

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▼How to Display the Contents of the Mail Queue,/var/spool/mqueue .............................. 301

▼How to Force Mail Queue Processing in the Mail Queue, /var/spool/mqueue ................ 302

▼How to Run a Subset of the Mail Queue, /var/spool/mqueue ............................................ 302

▼How to Move the Mail Queue, /var/spool/mqueue ............................................................. 303

▼How to Run the Old Mail Queue, /var/spool/omqueue ...................................................... 303

Administering .forward Files (Task Map) .................................................................................... 304

Administering .forward Files ......................................................................................................... 304

▼How to Disable .forward Files ................................................................................................. 304

▼How to Change the .forward–File Search Path ..................................................................... 305

▼How to Create and Populate /etc/shells ............................................................................. 306

Troubleshooting Procedures and Tips for Mail Services (Task Map) ......................................... 306

Troubleshooting Procedures and Tips for Mail Services .............................................................. 307

▼How to Test the Mail Conguration ........................................................................................ 307

How to Check Mail Aliases ....................................................................................................... 308

▼How to Test the sendmail Rule Sets ........................................................................................ 309

How to Verify Connections to Other Systems ....................................................................... 309Logging Error Messages ............................................................................................................ 310

Other Sources for Mail Diagnostic Information .................................................................... 311

Resolving Error Messages ................................................................................................................. 311

14 Mail Services (Reference) .................................................................................................................315

Oracle Solaris Version of sendmail ................................................................................................ 316Flags Used and Not Used to Compile sendmail .................................................................... 316

MILTER, Mail Filter API for sendmail ...................................................................................... 317

Alternative sendmail Commands ........................................................................................... 318

Versions of the Conguration File ........................................................................................... 318

Software and Hardware Components of Mail Services ................................................................ 319

Software Components ............................................................................................................... 319Hardware Components ............................................................................................................. 326

Mail Service Programs and Files ...................................................................................................... 328

Enhancement for vacation Utility .......................................................................................... 329

Contents of the /usr/bin Directory ........................................................................................ 329

Contents of the /etc/mail Directory ...................................................................................... 330

Contents of the /etc/mail/cf Directory ............................................................................... 331

Contents of the /usr/lib Directory ........................................................................................ 333

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Other Files Used for Mail Services ........................................................................................... 334

Interactions of Mail Programs .................................................................................................. 335

sendmail Program ..................................................................................................................... 336Mail Alias Files ........................................................................................................................... 339

.forward Files ............................................................................................................................ 342

/etc/default/sendmail File ................................................................................................... 343

Mail Addresses and Mail Routing .................................................................................................... 344

Interactions of sendmail With Name Services .............................................................................. 345

sendmail.cf and Mail Domains .............................................................................................. 345

sendmail and Name Services ................................................................................................... 345

Interactions of NIS and sendmail ............................................................................................ 347

Interactions of sendmail With NIS and DNS ........................................................................ 347

Changes in Version 8.14 of sendmail ............................................................................................. 348

Changes in Version 8.13 of sendmail ............................................................................................. 349

Support for Running SMTP With TLS in Version 8.13 of sendmail .................................. 349

Additional Command-Line Options in Version 8.13 of sendmail ..................................... 354Additional and Revised Conguration File Options in Version 8.13 of sendmail ............ 354

Additional and Revised FEATURE() Declarations in Version 8.13 of sendmail ................. 356

Changes From Version 8.12 of sendmail ....................................................................................... 357

Support for TCP Wrappers From Version 8.12 of sendmail ............................................... 357

submit.cf Conguration File From Version 8.12 of sendmail ........................................... 358

Additional or Deprecated Command-Line Options From Version 8.12 of sendmail ...... 359

Additional Arguments for the PidFile and ProcessTitlePrefix Options From Version8.12 of sendmail ......................................................................................................................... 360

Additional Dened Macros From Version 8.12 of sendmail ............................................... 361

Additional Macros From Version 8.12 of sendmail .............................................................. 362

Additional MAX Macros From Version 8.12 of sendmail ....................................................... 363

Additional and Revised m4 Conguration Macros From Version 8.12 of sendmail ......... 363

Changes to the FEATURE() Declaration From Version 8.12 of sendmail ........................... 364Changes to the MAILER() Declaration From Version 8.12 of sendmail .............................. 367

Additional Delivery Agent Flags From Version 8.12 of sendmail ....................................... 367

Additional Equates for Delivery Agents From Version 8.12 of sendmail .......................... 368

Additional Queue Features From Version 8.12 of sendmail ................................................ 369

Changes for LDAP From Version 8.12 of sendmail .............................................................. 370

Change to the Built-In Mailer From Version 8.12 of sendmail ........................................... 371

Additional Rule Sets From Version 8.12 of sendmail ........................................................... 371

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Changes to Files From Version 8.12 of sendmail .................................................................. 372

sendmail Version 8.12 and IPv6 Addresses in Conguration ............................................. 373

Part V Serial NetworkingTopics .................................................................................................................375

15 Solaris PPP4.0 (Overview) ...............................................................................................................377

Solaris PPP 4.0 Basics ........................................................................................................................ 377

Solaris PPP 4.0 Compatibility ................................................................................................... 378

Which Version of Solaris PPP to Use ...................................................................................... 378

Where to Go for More Information About PPP ..................................................................... 379

PPP Congurations and Terminology ........................................................................................... 381

Dial-up PPP Overview .............................................................................................................. 381

Leased-Line PPP Overview ....................................................................................................... 385

PPP Authentication ........................................................................................................................... 387

Authenticators and Authenticatees ......................................................................................... 388PPP Authentication Protocols .................................................................................................. 388

Why Use PPP Authentication? ................................................................................................. 388

Support for DSL Users Through PPPoE ......................................................................................... 389

PPPoE Overview ........................................................................................................................ 389

Parts of a PPPoE Conguration ............................................................................................... 390

Security on a PPPoE Tunnel ..................................................................................................... 391

16 Planning for the PPP Link (Tasks) ................................................................................................... 393

Overall PPP Planning (Task Map) .................................................................................................. 393

Planning a Dial-up PPP Link ........................................................................................................... 394

Before You Set Up the Dial-out Machine ................................................................................ 394

Before You Set Up the Dial-in Server ...................................................................................... 395Example of a Conguration for Dial-up PPP ......................................................................... 395

Where to Go for More Information About Dial-up PPP ...................................................... 397

Planning a Leased-Line Link ............................................................................................................ 397

Before You Set Up the Leased-Line Link ................................................................................ 397

Example of a Conguration for a Leased-Line Link .............................................................. 398

Where to Go for More Information About Leased Lines ...................................................... 399

Planning for Authentication on a Link ........................................................................................... 399

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Before You Set Up PPP Authentication .................................................................................. 400

Examples of PPP Authentication Congurations .................................................................. 400

Where to Go for More Information About Authentication .................................................. 404Planning for DSL Support Over a PPPoE Tunnel ......................................................................... 405

Before You Set Up a PPPoE Tunnel ......................................................................................... 405

Example of a Conguration for a PPPoE Tunnel ................................................................... 407

Where to Get More Information About PPPoE ..................................................................... 408

17 Setting Upa Dial-up PPP Link(Tasks) ............................................................................................ 409Major Tasks for Setting Up the Dial-up PPP Link (Task Map) .................................................... 409

Conguring the Dial-out Machine .................................................................................................. 410

Tasks for Conguring the Dial-out Machine (Task Map) .................................................... 410

Dial-up PPP Template Files ...................................................................................................... 410

Conguring Devices on the Dial-out Machine ...................................................................... 411

▼How to Congure the Modem and Serial Port (Dial-out Machine) .................................... 411

Conguring Communications on the Dial-out Machine ..................................................... 412

▼How to Dene Communications Over the Serial Line .......................................................... 412

▼How to Create the Instructions for Calling a Peer .................................................................. 413

▼How to Dene the Connection With an Individual Peer ...................................................... 414

Conguring the Dial-in Server ........................................................................................................ 416

Tasks for Conguring the Dial-in Server (Task Map) ........................................................... 416

Conguring Devices on the Dial-in Server ............................................................................. 416▼How to Congure the Modem and Serial Port (Dial-in Server) ........................................... 417

▼How to Set the Modem Speed ................................................................................................... 417

Setting Up Users of the Dial-in Server ..................................................................................... 417

▼How to Congure Users of the Dial-in Server ........................................................................ 418

Conguring Communications Over the Dial-in Server ....................................................... 418

▼How to Dene Communications Over the Serial Line (Dial-in Server) ............................. 419

Calling the Dial-in Server ................................................................................................................. 420

▼How to Call the Dial-in Server .................................................................................................. 420

18 Setting Up a Leased-Line PPPLink(Tasks) .................................................................................... 423

Setting Up a Leased Line (Task Map) .............................................................................................. 423

Conguring Synchronous Devices on the Leased Line ................................................................ 424

Prerequisites for Synchronous Devices Setup ........................................................................ 424

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▼How to Congure Synchronous Devices ................................................................................ 424

Conguring a Machine on the Leased Line .................................................................................... 425

Prerequisites for Conguring the Local Machine on a Leased Line .................................... 425▼How to Congure a Machine on a Leased Line ...................................................................... 425

19 Setting Up PPP Authentication (Tasks) ..........................................................................................429

Conguring PPP Authentication (Task Map) ............................................................................... 429

Conguring PAP Authentication .................................................................................................... 430

Setting Up PAP Authentication (Task Maps) ......................................................................... 430Conguring PAP Authentication on the Dial-in Server ........................................................ 431

▼How to Create a PAP Credentials Database (Dial-in Server) ................................................ 431

Modifying the PPP Conguration Files for PAP (Dial-in Server) ........................................ 432

▼How to Add PAP Support to the PPP Conguration Files (Dial-in Server) ........................ 433

Conguring PAP Authentication for Trusted Callers (Dial-out Machines) ....................... 434

▼How to Congure PAP Authentication Credentials for the Trusted Callers ...................... 434

Modifying PPP Conguration Files for PAP (Dial-out Machine) ....................................... 435

▼How to Add PAP Support to the PPP Conguration Files (Dial-out Machine) ................. 436

Conguring CHAP Authentication ................................................................................................ 437

Setting Up CHAP Authentication (Task Maps) ..................................................................... 437

Conguring CHAP Authentication on the Dial-in Server .................................................... 438

▼How to Create a CHAP Credentials Database (Dial-in Server) ............................................ 439

Modifying the PPP Conguration Files for CHAP (Dial-in Server) .................................... 439▼How to Add CHAP Support to the PPP Conguration Files (Dial-in Server) .................... 440

Conguring CHAP Authentication for Trusted Callers (Dial-out Machines) ................... 440

▼How to Congure CHAP Authentication Credentials for the Trusted Callers .................. 441

Adding CHAP to the Conguration Files (Dial-out Machine) ............................................ 442

▼How to Add CHAP Support to the PPP Conguration Files (Dial-out Machine) ............. 442

20 Setting Up a PPPoE Tunnel (Tasks) ................................................................................................. 443

Major Tasks for Setting Up a PPPoE Tunnel (Task Maps) ........................................................... 443

Setting Up the PPPoE Client ............................................................................................................ 444

Prerequisites for Setting Up the PPPoE Client ....................................................................... 444

▼How to Congure an Interface for a PPPoE Client ................................................................ 444

▼How to Dene a PPPoE Access Server Peer ............................................................................ 445

Setting Up a PPPoE Access Server ................................................................................................... 446

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▼How to Set Up a PPPoE Access Server ..................................................................................... 447

▼How to Modify an Existing /etc/ppp/pppoe File .................................................................. 448

▼

How to Restrict the Use of an Interface to Particular Clients ............................................... 448

21 Fixing Common PPPProblems (Tasks) ...........................................................................................451

Solving PPP Problems (Task Map) .................................................................................................. 451

Tools for Troubleshooting PPP ....................................................................................................... 452

▼How to Obtain Diagnostic Information From pppd .............................................................. 453

▼How to Turn on PPP Debugging ............................................................................................. 454

Solving PPP-Related and PPPoE-Related Problems ..................................................................... 455

▼How to Diagnose Network Problems ...................................................................................... 455

Common Network Problems That Affect PPP ....................................................................... 457

▼How to Diagnose and Fix Communications Problems ......................................................... 458

General Communications Problems That Affect PPP .......................................................... 458

▼How to Diagnose Problems With the PPP Conguration .................................................... 459

Common PPP Conguration Problems ................................................................................. 459

▼How to Diagnose Modem Problems ........................................................................................ 460

▼How to Obtain Debugging Information for Chat Scripts ..................................................... 461

Common Chat Script Problems ............................................................................................... 461

▼How to Diagnose and Fix Serial-Line Speed Problems ......................................................... 463

▼How to Obtain Diagnostic Information for PPPoE ............................................................... 464

Fixing Leased-Line Problems ........................................................................................................... 466Diagnosing and Fixing Authentication Problems ......................................................................... 467

22 Solaris PPP4.0 (Reference) ..............................................................................................................469

Using PPP Options in Files and on the Command Line ............................................................... 469

Where to Dene PPP Options .................................................................................................. 469

How PPP Options Are Processed ............................................................................................. 470How PPP Conguration File Privileges Work ....................................................................... 471

/etc/ppp/options Conguration File ................................................................................... 473

/etc/ppp/options.ttyname Conguration File .................................................................... 474

Conguring User-Specic Options ................................................................................................. 477

Conguring $HOME/.ppprc on a Dial-in Server ..................................................................... 477

Conguring $HOME/.ppprc on a Dial-out Machine .............................................................. 477

Specifying Information for Communicating With the Dial-in Server ....................................... 477

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/etc/ppp/peers/ peer-name File ............................................................................................. 478

/etc/ppp/peers/myisp.tmpl Template File ......................................................................... 479

Where to Find Examples of the /etc/ppp/peers/ peer-name Files ..................................... 480Conguring Modem Speed for a Dial-up Link .............................................................................. 480

Dening the Conversation on the Dial-up Link ............................................................................ 480

Contents of the Chat Script ....................................................................................................... 481

Chat Script Examples ................................................................................................................. 481

Invoking the Chat Script ........................................................................................................... 487

▼How to Invoke a Chat Script (Task) ......................................................................................... 488

Creating a Chat File That Is Executable ................................................................................... 489

▼How to Create an Executable Chat Program .......................................................................... 489

Authenticating Callers on a Link ..................................................................................................... 489

Password Authentication Protocol (PAP) ............................................................................... 489

Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP) .................................................... 492

Creating an IP Addressing Scheme for Callers .............................................................................. 495

Assigning Dynamic IP Addresses to Callers ........................................................................... 495

Assigning Static IP Addresses to Callers ................................................................................. 496

Assigning IP Addresses by sppp Unit Number ...................................................................... 497

Creating PPPoE Tunnels for DSL Support ..................................................................................... 497

Files for Conguring Interfaces for PPPoE ............................................................................. 498

PPPoE Access Server Commands and Files ............................................................................ 499

PPPoE Client Commands and Files ......................................................................................... 504

23 Migrating From Asynchronous Solaris PPPto Solaris PPP 4.0 (Tasks) ......................................507

Before Converting asppp Files ......................................................................................................... 507

Example of the /etc/asppp.cf Conguration File ............................................................... 507

Example of the /etc/uucp/Systems File ................................................................................ 508

Example of the /etc/uucp/Devices File ................................................................................ 509

Example of the /etc/uucp/Dialers File ................................................................................ 509

Running the asppp2pppd Conversion Script (Tasks) ................................................................... 510

Task Prerequisites ...................................................................................................................... 510

▼How to Convert From asppp to Solaris PPP 4.0 ..................................................................... 510

▼How to View the Results of the Conversion ........................................................................... 511

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24 UUCP (Overview) ................................................................................................................................513

UUCP Hardware Congurations .................................................................................................... 513

UUCP Software ................................................................................................................................. 514

UUCP Daemons ........................................................................................................................ 514

UUCP Administrative Programs ............................................................................................. 515

UUCP User Programs ............................................................................................................... 515

UUCP Database Files ........................................................................................................................ 516

Conguring UUCP Database Files .......................................................................................... 517

25 Administering UUCP (Tasks) ............................................................................................................519

UUCP Administration (Task Map) ................................................................................................ 519

Adding UUCP Logins ....................................................................................................................... 520

▼How to Add UUCP Logins ....................................................................................................... 520

Starting UUCP ................................................................................................................................... 521

▼How to Start UUCP ................................................................................................................... 521

uudemon.poll Shell Script ........................................................................................................ 522

uudemon.hour Shell Script ........................................................................................................ 522

uudemon.admin Shell Script ...................................................................................................... 522

uudemon.cleanup Shell Script .................................................................................................. 522

Running UUCP Over TCP/IP ......................................................................................................... 523

▼How to Activate UUCP for TCP/IP ......................................................................................... 523

UUCP Security and Maintenance ................................................................................................... 524Setting Up UUCP Security ........................................................................................................ 524

Regular UUCP Maintenance .................................................................................................... 524

Troubleshooting UUCP ................................................................................................................... 525

▼How to Check for Faulty Modems or ACUs ........................................................................... 525

▼How to Debug Transmissions .................................................................................................. 526

Checking the UUCP /etc/uucp/Systems File ...................................................................... 527

Checking UUCP Error Messages ............................................................................................. 527

Checking Basic Information ..................................................................................................... 527

26 UUCP (Reference) ...............................................................................................................................529

UUCP /etc/uucp/Systems File ...................................................................................................... 529

System-Name Field in /etc/uucp/Systems File .................................................................... 530

Time Field in /etc/uucp/Systems File ................................................................................... 530

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Type Field in /etc/uucp/Systems File ................................................................................... 531

Speed Field in /etc/uucp/Systems File .................................................................................. 532

Phone Field in /etc/uucp/Systems File ................................................................................. 532

Chat-Script Field in /etc/uucp/Systems File ........................................................................ 533

Enabling Dialback Through the Chat Script .......................................................................... 534

Hardware Flow Control in /etc/uucp/Systems File ............................................................ 535

Setting Parity in /etc/uucp/Systems File .............................................................................. 535

UUCP /etc/uucp/Devices File ...................................................................................................... 536

Type Field in /etc/uucp/Devices File ................................................................................... 536

Line Field in the /etc/uucp/Devices File .............................................................................. 538Line2 Field in the /etc/uucp/Devices File ............................................................................ 538

Class Field in the /etc/uucp/Devices File ............................................................................. 538

Dialer-Token-Pairs Field in the /etc/uucp/Devices File .................................................... 539

Structure of the Dialer-Token-Pairs Field in the /etc/uucp/Devices File ........................ 539

Protocol Denitions in /etc/uucp/Devices File ............

Documents

Oracle Solaris Administration - Network Services