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ORACLE SQLPlus Updating and Modifying Data In SQL. University of California, Berkeley School of Information Management and Systems SIMS 257: Database Management. Getting started with ORACLE in SQL-- see assignment on website Migrating databases from ACCESS to ORACLE -- see handouts - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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10/18/2001 Database Management -- R. Larson
ORACLE SQLPlus Updating and Modifying Data
In SQLUniversity of California, Berkeley
School of Information Management and Systems
SIMS 257: Database Management
10/18/2001 Database Management -- R. Larson
Today
• Getting started with ORACLE in SQL-- see assignment on website
• Migrating databases from ACCESS to ORACLE -- see handouts
• More on SQL and SQLPlus for data manipulation and modification
10/18/2001 Database Management -- R. Larson
SELECT
• Syntax:– SELECT [DISTINCT] attr1, attr2,…, attr3 as
label, function(xxx), calculation, attr5, attr6 FROM relname1 r1, relname2 r2,… rel3 r3 WHERE condition1 {AND | OR} condition2 ORDER BY attr1 [DESC], attr3 [DESC]
10/18/2001 Database Management -- R. Larson
CREATE SYNONYM
• CREATE SYNONYM newname FOR oldname;
• CREATE SYNONYM BIOLIFE for ray.BIOLIFE;
10/18/2001 Database Management -- R. Larson
SELECT Conditions• = equal to a particular value• >= greater than or equal to a particular value• > greater than a particular value• <= less than or equal to a particular value• <> not equal to a particular value• LIKE ‘%wom_n%’ (Note different wild card)• IN (‘opt1’, ‘opt2’,…,’optn’)
10/18/2001 Database Management -- R. Larson
Aggregate Functions
• COUNT(dataitem)• AVG(numbercolumn)• SUM(numbercolumn)• MAX(numbercolumn)• MIN(numbercolumn)• STDDEV(numbercolumn)• VARIANCE(numbercolumn)
10/18/2001 Database Management -- R. Larson
Numeric Functions
• ABS(n)• ACOS(n)• ASIN(n)• ATAN(n)• ATAN2(n, m)• CEIL(n)• COS(n)• COSH(n)
• ROUND(n)• SIGN(n)• SIN(n)• SINH(n)• SQRT(n)• TAN(n)• TANH(n)• TRUNC(n[,m
])
• EXP(n)• EXP(n)• FLOOR(n)• LN(n)• LOG(m,n)• MOD(n)• POWER(m,n)
10/18/2001 Database Management -- R. Larson
Character Functions returning character values
• CHR(n)• CONCAT(char1,char2)• INITCAP(char)• LOWER(char)• LPAD(char, n,char2),
RPAD(char, n,char2)• LTRIM(char, n, cset),
RTRIM(char, n, cset)
• REPLACE(char, srch, repl)
• SOUNDEX(char)• SUBSTR(char, m, n)• SUBSTRB(char, m, n)• TRANSLATE(char,
from, to)• UPPER(char)
10/18/2001 Database Management -- R. Larson
Character Function returning numeric values
• ASCII(char)• INSTR(char1,
char2[,m, n])• INSTRB(char1,
char2[,m, n])• LENGTH(char)• LENGTHB(char)
10/18/2001 Database Management -- R. Larson
Date functions
• ADD_MONTHS(dt, n)• LAST_DAY(d)• MONTHS_BETWEEN(d1, d2)• NEW_TIME(d, z1, z2) -- PST, AST, etc. • NEXT_DAY(d, dayname)• ROUND(d, fmt) -- century, year etc.• SYSDATE• TRUNC(d, fmt) -- century, year, etc.
10/18/2001 Database Management -- R. Larson
Conversion Functions
• CHARTOROWID(char)• CONVERT(char, dchar,
schar)• HEXTORAW(char)• RAWTOHEX(raw)• ROWIDTOCHAR(rowid)• TO_CHAR (date, fmt)• TO_DATE(char, fmt)
• TO_NUMBER(char,fmt)• TO_MULTIBYTE(char)• TO_SINGLE_BYTE(cha
r)
10/18/2001 Database Management -- R. Larson
Create Table
• CREATE TABLE table-name (attr1 attr-type CONSTRAINT constr1 PRIMARY KEY, attr2 attr-type CONSTRAINT constr2 NOT NULL,…, attrM attr-type CONSTRAINT constref REFERENCES owner.tablename(attrname), attrN attr-type CONSTRAINT constrN CHECK (attrN = UPPER(attrN));
• Adds a new table with the specified attributes (and types) to the database.
10/18/2001 Database Management -- R. Larson
Types• VARCHAR2(size)• NUMBER(p, s)• LONG -- long char data• DATE -- from 4712BC to 4714 AD• RAW(size) -- binary• LONG RAW -- large binary• ROWID -- row reference• CHAR(size) -- fixed length characters
10/18/2001 Database Management -- R. Larson
Alter Table• ALTER TABLE table-name ADD COLUMN
attr1 attr-type;• ALTER TABLE table-name ADD COLUMN
attr1 CONSTRAINT xxx constrainvalue;• ALTER TABLE table-name MODIFY
COLUMN attr1 optiontochange;• … DROP COLUMN attr1;• Adds a new column to an existing database
table.
10/18/2001 Database Management -- R. Larson
INSERT
• INSERT INTO table-name (attr1, attr4, attr5,…, attrK) VALUES (“val1”, val4, val5,…, “valK”);
• OR• INSERT INTO table-name SELECT col1,
col2, col3 as newcol2, col4 FROM xx, yy WHERE where-clause;
• Adds a new row(s) to a table.
10/18/2001 Database Management -- R. Larson
DELETE
• DELETE FROM table-name WHERE <where clause>;
• Removes rows from a table.
10/18/2001 Database Management -- R. Larson
UPDATE
• UPDATE tablename SET attr1=newval, attr2 = newval2 WHERE <where clause>;
• changes values in existing rows in a table (those that match the WHERE clause).
10/18/2001 Database Management -- R. Larson
DROP Table
• DROP TABLE tablename;• Removes a table from the database.
10/18/2001 Database Management -- R. Larson
CREATE INDEX
• CREATE [ UNIQUE ] INDEX indexname ON tablename (attr1 [ASC|DESC][, attr2 [ASC|DESC], ...])
• Adds an index on the specified attributes to a table
10/18/2001 Database Management -- R. Larson
System Information In ORACLE
• Find all of the tables for a user– SELECT * FROM ALL_CATALOG WHERE
OWNER = ‘userid’;– SELECT * FROM USER_CATALOG; (or
CAT)
• Show the attributes and types of data for a particular table– DESCRIBE tablename;
10/18/2001 Database Management -- R. Larson
Running commands
• Create file with SQL and SQLPlus commands in it.– Use a plain text editor and NOT a word
processor (or save as text only)
• Give the file the extension .sql
• From inside SQLPlus type – START filename
10/18/2001 Database Management -- R. Larson
Simple formatting in SQLPlus
• SET PAGESIZE 500
• SET LINESIZE 79
• PROMPT stuff to put out to screen
• TTITLE “title to put at top of results”
• COLUMN col_name HEADING “New Name”
10/18/2001 Database Management -- R. Larson
Outputting results as a file…
• SPOOL filename
• Commands
• SPOOL STOP– File will be created with everything between
the SPOOL commands