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Literature: Mundtlig Formidling
Anne Katrine LundFrydenlund
Oral communication:
In this context:
Not just telling the audience about a specific subject.
But explaining the subject in a way which makes it understandable and interesting.
The pentagram
The pentagram
1. Circumstances Where and why is the
communication happening, and what does it aim at ?
2 and 3. Subject and audience What is the topic of the
communication, and who are the listeners ?
The pentagram
4. Language Does the type of audience or the
subject of the communication require you to use a specific language ?
5. Speaker How to talk, how to make your self
understandable. Control nervousness.
Circumstances
Different types of circumstances: Introduction of subject in class room Presentation of a project Answering of questions Debate Discussion Presentation in exam situations
Presentation of a project
1. Describe your work Introduce the subject Describe the analyses
(methodology) Present your results
2. Evaluate your work Discuss the work Conclude the work
Presentation of a project Should be reliable Do not talk about unneccesary
details Use examples
Answering of questions Use short answers Be well prepared
Debate Communicate your opinion Does not aim at agreement Convince the audience (Requires a
good and precise argumentation) Used very much by politicians
Discussion Communicate your opinion, but
also oblige (listen to) other people. Requires respect for others. Aims at agreement.
Circumstances (summary)Type of circumstances
Keywords
Presentation of a project Introduce, describe, present, discuss, conclude
Answering of questions Well prepared, short
Debate Convince, communicate opinion
Discussion Oblige, communicate opinion
The subject
How to find an interesting subject: Look in books Look in newspapers Take a walk Ask other people Go to the library
How to get more ideas Look in books Brainstorming
How to get more ideas
Brainstorming:
Statistics
Environmental statisticsBiostatistics
Simulation
Design Longitudinal data
Spatial statistics
Survival Clinical trials
How to get more ideas
Mind-mapping (spider’s web):
Statistics
Environmental statistics Biostatistics
Simulation
Design
Longitudinal data
Spatial statistics Survival Clinical trials
How to get more ideas
Fast-writing: Write fast on a piece of paper for
eg. 15 min. If you do not know what to write,
write the title of your subject.
How to get more ideas Ask wh-questions (who,what,
where, when, why) about the subject
Talk with other people about the subject
The subject Limit the subject Argumentation is important (to
convince or sound reliable) Use examples to present the
subject
The audience Who are the listeners ? What do they know about the
subject ? Are they interested in the subject ? What do they expect ? Do they know you ?
Make an agenda Introduction
Should make the audience interested in listening Overview
Presentation of the agenda Main part
The content should be made logical The end
Conclusions
The language Adjust the language according to
the circumstances, audience and subject
The language The eye
Is able to view a text with the neccesary breaks
Can focus on specific words
Can go back in the text Is therefore capable of
understanding complex texts, with respect to content and sentence construction
The ear The speed of words is
controlled by the speaker
Cannot go back in the text
Must be supported by the memory to understand the context
The speaker Practice (six times) In the situation:
Take your time Be aware of body language Try not to say Øhh Have eye-contact with the audience Speak loud and clear
The speaker Manuscript
Full manuscript Manuscript in a scheme List of keywords
The speaker (nervousness) Symptoms
Speak too fast Touch face, hair, pen manuscript etc. Avoid eye-contact Make øhh-sounds
