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Order RodentiaFamily Cricetidae
• Diastema• 1 pair incisors• Ears shorter than tail• Eyes, ears visible• Tail with fur, or
laterally flattened; not bushy
• Tail shorter than head and body
Peromyscus leucopus
Onychomys leucogaster
Identification: Stocky body; thick tail with blunt tip; dorsum brownish; venter white; molars cuspidate
Distribution: West, southeast Iowa
Habitat: Prairies; burrow in grassy areas; need bare areas for dustbathing
Onychomys leucogasterDiet: Invertebrates, carrion,
herbaceous vegetation, seeds
Reproduction: Multiple litters of 1-6 annually
Conservation: Rare (formerly Endangered); possibly adapting to agriculture and increasing
Reithrodontomys megalotis
Identification: Long bicolored tail; fur bristly, short; dorsum yellow-brown to gray; venter white; upper incisor face grooved
Distribution: Statewide
Habitat: Grassy habitats; spherical nest of grasses, fibers, down
Reithrodontomys megalotis
Diet: Seeds, grains, herbaceous vegetation; some invertebrates
Reproduction: Up to 14
litters of 1-9 annually
Conservation: Fairly common
Peromyscus leucopusIdentification: Large eyes; fur not very bristly; incisors lack grooves; bicolored tail in winter; dorsum brown to gray; dorsum white (TL 160-200)
Distribution: Statewide
Habitat: Tall weedy, brushy, wooded habitat
Peromyscus leucopus
Diet: Nuts, seeds, berries, invertebrates
Reproduction: Several
litters of 1-7 annually
Conservation: Common
Other: Carrier of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome
Synaptomys cooperiIdentification: Small eyes, ears; tail about same length as hind foot; face of upper incisors grooved; dorsum usually brownish; venter grayish brown
Distribution: Formerly statewide; presently poorly known
Habitat: Wet grassy areas
Synaptomys cooperi
Diet: Leaves, grasses, twigs, roots, fungi, mosses, ferns
Reproduction: Multiple litters of 2-6
Conservation: Threatened; few recent records
Clethrionomys gapperi
Identification: Small eyes, ears; dorsum with reddish stripe flanked by gray; venter grayish to white
Distribution: Northern Iowa
Habitat: Cold, moist forests and open wet areas; tunnel under logs
Clethrionomys gapperiDiet: Nuts, seeds, berries,
herbaceous vegetation, some invertebrates
Reproduction: Multiple litters of 2-10
Conservation: Endangered; likely survives only in Pilot Knob State Park, Hancock County
Microtus pinetorumIdentification: Small eyes
and ears; tail longer than hind foot, and up to 29 mm; fur soft and velvety; dorsum reddish to reddish brown
Distribution: Statewide
Habitat: Old-growth forest
Microtus pinetorumDiet: Nuts, seeds, roots,
grasses, bark
Reproduction: Multiple litters of up to 3 young
Conservation: Uncommon
Microtus ochrogaster
Identification: Small eyes and ears; tail usually > 29 mm; fur long and coarse; dorsum brown to gray with salt-and-pepper appearance; venter usually yellowish; tail somewhat bicolored; molars with 5,4,4 islands of dentine
Distribution: Statewide
Habitat: Dry, grassy areas
Molars
Microtus ochrogasterDiet: Green vegetation, roots,
seeds, bark
Reproduction: Multiple litters of 1-7
Conservation: Generally common, uncommon in east Iowa; probably declining due to agriculture
Microtus pennsylvanicus
Identification: Small eyes, ears; tail usually longer than 29 mm; fur soft; dorsum brown to gray with salt-and-pepper appearance; venter usually gray; 3 molars with 5,5,5-6 islands of dentine
Distribution: Statewide
Habitat: Moist grassy areas
Molars
Microtus pennsylvanicusDiet: Green vegetation, seeds
Reproduction: Multiple litters of 1-11
Conservation: Very abundant; probably increasing; densities may reach 100 per acre
Order RodentiaFamily CricetidaeOndatra zibethicus
picture by Mark F. Wallner
Ondatra zibethicus•25-36 cm long
•Tail 20-28 cm
•Shoulder height 13 cm
•908-1816 g
Plump, rat shaped body
Entire body covered with fur, feet and tail hairless
Small ears and eyes hidden within fur
Hind feet partially webbed
Tail scaly, black and flattened vertically
Ondatra zibethicus
•Skull contains 16 teeth
•4 large incisors (2cm)
•Used for cutting plant material
Dental Formula
1-1-0-0-0-03-3
Ondatra zibethicus•North America 1.8 mil years ago
•One of most widely distributed
•Require marshy area salt/freshwater
•Water depth 1-2 m
•Cattails, pondweeds, and bulrushes
•Food and nest material
•In prime habitat, 25/ acre
Ondatra zibethicus
• Crepuscular organism
• Feeds mainly on aquatic vegetation
• Build dens of cattails, reeds and mud
• Important waterfowl nesting habitat
• 1982-83 about 7 million muskrats trapped
• Fur yielded a profit of 28 million dollars
Ondatra zibethicusreferences
• Jones, J. Knoox, Jr. and Elmer C. Birney. 1988. Handbook of Mammals of the North-central states. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis. 346 pp. ISBN 0-8166- 1420-2
• Kays, Roland and Don E. Wilson. 2002. Mammals of North America. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey. 240 pp. ISBN 0-691-07012-1
• Willner, G.R.,G.A. Feldhamer, E.E. Zucker, and J.A. Chapman. 1980. Ondatra zibethicus. Mamm. Species, 141:1-8
Peromyscus maniculatusbairdii
Deer mouseSara Eubanks
A ECL 364
Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii: deer mouseSara Eubanks
• Identification: smallest Peromyscus in north central region, dorsum dark, grayish brown, ventral white, tail distinctly bicolored, dark on top and white on bottom tipped with a tuft of short, stiff hairs. (TL 125-160, tail 42-65, hind foot 15-19, ear 13-15, weight 12-25 g)
www.yahoo.com
www.bear-tracker.com
Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii• Habitat: Open, except in
woodlands and wet, swampy lowlands. Thrives in grassy areas, weedy fields, along overgrown fencerows and roadsides.
• Diet: omnivorous; eat insects, invertebrates, and seeds; get most of water from dew and water in their food.
www.nsrl.ttu.edu/tmot1.peromani.htm
Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii
• Distribution: statewide
• Reproduction: several litters annually of 1-11 offspring, usually 4-6. Nests are constructed below ground level in a burrow dug by occupant or abandoned by another small animal. Young are weaned at 3 weeks and can breed at 5 to 6 weeks old.
Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii
• Conservation status: Abundant; densities can reach 11 mice per acre depending on habitat.
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Peromyscus_
maniculatus.html.
Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii
• Other: Host of a strain of hantavirus called Sin Nombre virus (also called Four Corners or Muerto Canyon virus). This causes fatal disease in humans termed pulmonary syndrome
• Nocturnal
• In winter, ten or more of mixed sexes huddle together in nests to conserve heat.
Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii
• References
• Bunker, A. 2001. "Peromyscus maniculatus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed September 26, 2004 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Peromyscus_maniculatus.html.
• Kays, R.W. and D.E. Wilson. 2002. The Mammals of North America. Princeton University press, Princeton, New Jersey.
• Jones, J.K. and E.C. Birney. 1988. Handbook of Mammals of the North-central States. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.
• http://www.wildwnc.org/af/deermouse.html