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7/30/2019 Organ Identification
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ORGAN IDENTIFICATION .
USS-Cross-sectional anatomy ofthe liver, spleen, pancreas and
kidneys
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CROSS-SECTIONAL ANATOMYOF THE LIVER
Because of its size and location in the rightupper quadrant, the liver is readily accessible
to the ultra-sonographic transducer.The liver has 2 lobes, the right and left.Theright lobe lies to the right of a line formed bythe fossa of the gall-bladder and the sulcus of
IVC.
The left lobe is divided into medial(quadrate)
and lateral segment.The right is divided intoan anterior and posterior segment.
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The liver is of homogeneous echogenicity,comparing the echo pattern of the right andleft lobes to that of adjacent organs, such asthe spleen, pancreas, and right kidney,is
important.The normal liver is more echogenic than therenal cortex,slightly more echogenic than thespleen and slightly less echogenic than the
pancreasThe hepatic veins are visible as anechoicstructures draining superiorly towards theIVC.
.
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NORMAL SONOGRAPHICANATOMY OF THE LIVER.
The portal vein lumen isalso anechoic, but it hasechogenic walls owing
to surroundingconnective tissue in theportal tracts.
RPV-Right portal vein
D- Diaphragm
K- kidney
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NORMAL SONOGRAPHICAPPEARANCES OF THE LIVER
The rt hepatic veindivides the rt lobe
into anterior(AS)and posteriorsegment(PS).
The left hepatic vein
divides the left lobeinto medial(MS) andLateral(LS).
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Sonographic appearances ofthe spleen
The spleen normally lies in the left upperquadrant of the abdomen between the 9thand 11th ribs.
The long axis of the spleen is normally lessthan 13 cms some departments use 12 cmsas their maximum length
The normal splenic parenchyma displays ahomogeneous pattern, which consists in themain of low level echoes.
The splenic hilum, unlike the splenicsubstance, returns higher-level echoes.
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The normal spleen is more echogenicthan the adjacent kidney and slightly
less echogenic than the liver.
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Sonographic anatomy of thepancreas
The pancreas lies in the
retroperitoneum in the anteriorpararenal fascial space anterior to the
aorta and inferior vena cava.
It has 3 parts, the head, body and tail.They measure 3cm, 2cm, and 2.5cm
respectively.
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TRANSVERSE VIEW OF THEPANCREAS
Pancreas (p) shows ahomogeneous texture,more echogenic than
that of the liver L.The splenic vein (s)forms the dorsal borderof the gland.
Arrowhead-SMA,A=aorta V=IVC
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PANCREAS.
The pancreas (p) liesanterior to the superiormesenteric vein (s) and
posterior to thestomach (st) and leftlobe of liver (L).
Arrow denotes the
hepatic artery whichhas just branched offthe celiac axis.
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NORMAL PANCREAS SEEN ONTRAN SVERSE SCAN
visualization of thepancreatic duct(arrowhead) as a
single line.Again are seen thestomach (st), leftlobe of liver (L),
aorta (a) andinferior vena cava(v). The fluid-fill
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TRANSVERSE SCAN OF THEPANCREAS.
The pancreatic duct(arrow) is seen as atube rather than a
single echogenic line; aslong as the internaldiameter does notexceed 2-2.5 mm and
the walls are parallel,this is still considerednormal.
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THE KIDNEYS
The echogenicity of the normal adult renalcortex is slightly less than or equal to that of
the adjacent liver or spleen.The cortex should possess smooth lateralcontours and should have a fairly uniformthickness throughout the kidney.
The normal renal medullary pyramids arehypoechoic when compared to the cortexand are radially arranged around the renalsinus
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The renal sinus, which contains fat,connective tissue, collecting system andvascular structures, is echogenic when
compared to the cortical and medullaryregions.
The perinephric region is also typicallyechogenic.
The renal pelvis and proximal ureter can beseen in the transverse plane of the renalmidpole,
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USS of the rt kidney