Organ Identification

7/30/2019 Organ Identification

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ORGAN IDENTIFICATION .

USS-Cross-sectional anatomy ofthe liver, spleen, pancreas and

kidneys


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CROSS-SECTIONAL ANATOMYOF THE LIVER

Because of its size and location in the rightupper quadrant, the liver is readily accessible

to the ultra-sonographic transducer.The liver has 2 lobes, the right and left.Theright lobe lies to the right of a line formed bythe fossa of the gall-bladder and the sulcus of

IVC.

The left lobe is divided into medial(quadrate)

and lateral segment.The right is divided intoan anterior and posterior segment.


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The liver is of homogeneous echogenicity,comparing the echo pattern of the right andleft lobes to that of adjacent organs, such asthe spleen, pancreas, and right kidney,is

important.The normal liver is more echogenic than therenal cortex,slightly more echogenic than thespleen and slightly less echogenic than the

pancreasThe hepatic veins are visible as anechoicstructures draining superiorly towards theIVC.

.


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NORMAL SONOGRAPHICANATOMY OF THE LIVER.

The portal vein lumen isalso anechoic, but it hasechogenic walls owing

to surroundingconnective tissue in theportal tracts.

RPV-Right portal vein

D- Diaphragm

K- kidney


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NORMAL SONOGRAPHICAPPEARANCES OF THE LIVER

The rt hepatic veindivides the rt lobe

into anterior(AS)and posteriorsegment(PS).

The left hepatic vein

divides the left lobeinto medial(MS) andLateral(LS).


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Sonographic appearances ofthe spleen

The spleen normally lies in the left upperquadrant of the abdomen between the 9thand 11th ribs.

The long axis of the spleen is normally lessthan 13 cms some departments use 12 cmsas their maximum length

The normal splenic parenchyma displays ahomogeneous pattern, which consists in themain of low level echoes.

The splenic hilum, unlike the splenicsubstance, returns higher-level echoes.


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The normal spleen is more echogenicthan the adjacent kidney and slightly

less echogenic than the liver.


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Sonographic anatomy of thepancreas

The pancreas lies in the

retroperitoneum in the anteriorpararenal fascial space anterior to the

aorta and inferior vena cava.

It has 3 parts, the head, body and tail.They measure 3cm, 2cm, and 2.5cm

respectively.


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TRANSVERSE VIEW OF THEPANCREAS

Pancreas (p) shows ahomogeneous texture,more echogenic than

that of the liver L.The splenic vein (s)forms the dorsal borderof the gland.

Arrowhead-SMA,A=aorta V=IVC


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PANCREAS.

The pancreas (p) liesanterior to the superiormesenteric vein (s) and

posterior to thestomach (st) and leftlobe of liver (L).

Arrow denotes the

hepatic artery whichhas just branched offthe celiac axis.


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NORMAL PANCREAS SEEN ONTRAN SVERSE SCAN

visualization of thepancreatic duct(arrowhead) as a

single line.Again are seen thestomach (st), leftlobe of liver (L),

aorta (a) andinferior vena cava(v). The fluid-fill


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TRANSVERSE SCAN OF THEPANCREAS.

The pancreatic duct(arrow) is seen as atube rather than a

single echogenic line; aslong as the internaldiameter does notexceed 2-2.5 mm and

the walls are parallel,this is still considerednormal.


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THE KIDNEYS

The echogenicity of the normal adult renalcortex is slightly less than or equal to that of

the adjacent liver or spleen.The cortex should possess smooth lateralcontours and should have a fairly uniformthickness throughout the kidney.

The normal renal medullary pyramids arehypoechoic when compared to the cortexand are radially arranged around the renalsinus


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The renal sinus, which contains fat,connective tissue, collecting system andvascular structures, is echogenic when

compared to the cortical and medullaryregions.

The perinephric region is also typicallyechogenic.

The renal pelvis and proximal ureter can beseen in the transverse plane of the renalmidpole,


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USS of the rt kidney

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Organ Identification