Organ SystemsWeek 1

LPA 2013-2014Standard 3

Monday Objective

• I will describe the structure and function of animal organs.

Bell work

• Create vocabulary flashcards for the following terms:– Cell– Tissue– Organ– Organ system– Organism– Homeostasis

Organization of Living Things

1. Levels of Organization1. Cell 2. Tissue3. Organ4. Organ System5. Organism

Review

• Define the following– Atom

– Molecules

Cells

1. Basic unit of structure and function2. 8 types of specialized cells in humans

1. Blood cells2. Surface skin cells3. Bone cells4. Epithelial and Goblet cells5. Neuron6. Cardiac muscle cell7. Skeletal muscle cell8. Smooth muscle cell

Tissue

1. A group of similar cells that work together.2. 4 main types of tissue.

1. Nervous – sense ________ and________ signals.2. Epithelial – line the ____________ of the body.3. Connective – _______ and ______ other tissues.4. Muscle -- _______ and ________ movement.

Organ

1. Two or more types of tissues that work together to do the same job.

Organ System

• A group of organs that work together to carry out a complex overall function.

Organism

• All of the organs and organ systems working together to maintain homeostasis.

• Homeostasis – the process in which organ systems work to maintain a stable internal environment– Nutrition– pH– Temperature– Molecule concentrations

Death

• Death is the result of the organism’s failure to maintain homeostasis.

Monday Objective

• I will describe the structure and function of animal organs.

Homework

• Answer questions #1-7 on page 148.

• Read pages 149-170.

Tuesday Objective

• I will relate the structure of organs to their function.

Bell work

• Complete the data table comparing types of cells and tissues.

Tissue Cells Structure Function

Epithelial

Nervous

Connective

Muscle

Reading Questions

• What questions do you have as a result of your reading?

Organ Systems• Purpose: maintain _____________.• Basic Systems:

1. Skeletal2. Muscular3. Integumentary4. Endocrine5. Circulatory6. Respiratory7. Digestive8. Urinary 9. Lymphatic10. Nervous11. Reproductive12. Immune

Skeletal System

• Functions1. Maintain __________ and _________ of the

body.2. ___________ internal organs.3. Provide ___________ surfaces for ________.4. Produce ___________ cells.5. Store __________ .6. Maintain ____________ homeostasis.

Bony Tissue

1. Compact Bone2. Spongy Bone3. Periosteum

Muscular System

• Three types:1. Smooth muscles – form the walls of internal organs.

1. Involuntary2. Contracts (squeezes)

2. Cardiac Muscles – form the walls of the heart.1. Involuntary2. Contain a large number of mitochondria to produce ATP

for energy.

3. Skeletal Muscles – attached to bone.1. Voluntary2. Most common type of muscle in humans.

Integumentary System

• The Skin!!• Function = provide a protective covering for

the body and help the body maintain homeostasis

• Two layers1. Dermis - 2. Epidermis -

Nervous System

• Carries __________ messages throughout the body.

• Two types of Nerve cells1. Neurons – structural and functional units2. Glial cell – provide support and nutrition.

Nervous System

• Two Divisions:1. CNS – Central Nervous System

1. Brain2. Spinal cord

2. PNS – Peripheral Nervous System1. All the nervous tissue outside the CNS

Endocrine System

• A system of glands that release chemical messages into the bloodstream.

• Hormone – the chemical released by a gland

• Hormones act much slower than the nervous system.

Circulatory System

• Allows the transport of materials from one place to another.

• The blood carries _____________, ___________, ___________, and _________.

• Three main components:1. Heart2. Blood vessels3. Blood

The Heart

• Made of cardiac muscle which Pump blood through blood vessels through rhythmic contraction.

• Four Chambers– Two Atria– Two Ventricles

Blood Vessels

• A network throughout the body to transport blood to all the body cells.1. Arteries –

2. Veins –

3. Capillaries –

Respiratory System

• Exchange of gases between the body and the outside air.

• Two parts:1. Air into and out of lungs.2. Blood carries oxygen to cells and carbon dioxide

away from cells.

Respiration vs Cellular Respiration

• Respiration = the exchange of ___________.• Cellular Respiration = the process by which

cells obtain _____________ by “burning” glucose.

• Cellular Respiration uses ____________ and releases ___________ ___________.

Respiratory System

• Main Organ is the ___________.• The lungs resemble an upside down tree and

are lined with __________. (Draw on board)• The mucus keeps the tissue _______ for gas

exchange and __________ small foreign particles.

Digestive System

• A series of organs that break down food and absorb nutrients (such as glucose).

• Includes:– Mouth– Esophagus– Stomach– Small intestine– Large Intestine– Liver– Gall Bladder– Pancreas– Anus

Organs of the Digestive System

• Stomach – continues the mechanical and chemical digestion. Stores food until the small intestine is ready to receive it.

• Small Intestine – Site of most chemical digestion and virtually all nutrient absorption.

• Liver – Produce bile to digest lipids and neutralize stomach acid.

Organs of the Digestive System

• Pancreas – secretes bicarbonate which neutralizes stomach acid.

• Large Intestine – absorbs excess water before the feces is excreted.

Excretory System

• The system that removes wastes and excess water from the body.

• Includes:– Large intestine– Liver – Skin– Lungs– Kidneys

Excretory System

• Large Intestine – eliminates _______ _______ that remain after the digestion of food.

• Liver – breaks down excess amino acids and toxins in the __________.

• Skin – eliminates excess ________ and _______ in sweat.

• Lungs – exhale ________ vapor and ________ _________.

Excretory System

• The Urinary System filters waste products and excess water from the blood and excretes them from the body.

• Kidneys are the main organ of the urinary system. A single kidney may contain more than a ___________ nephrons which produce __________.

Lymphatic System

• An important part of the __________ ___________.

• The Lymphatic system produces _______________ which are the key cells involved in the immune response.

Lymphatic System

• Organs include:– Bone marrow– Thymus– Spleen– Tonsils– Lymphatic vessels

Reproductive System

• Male– Two main functions:• Produce __________• Release ________________ into the body

– Sperm are male gametes (reproductive cells). They are made in the ____________.

– Testosterone has two major roles:• Causes the reproductive organs to mature• Causes male traits to develop (hair, muscles)

Reproductive System

• Female– Two main functions:• Produce __________• Release ________________ into the body

– Eggs are female gametes. They are made in the _____________.

Reproductive System

– Estrogen has three major roles:• Causes the reproductive organs to develop and female

traits to develop.• Causes a woman to release eggs.• Support the baby as it develops before birth and

through infancy.

Vocabulary

• Use your textbook to define the following vocabulary terms. Make flashcards.

Tuesday Objective

• I will relate the structure of organs to their function.

Homework

• Answer questions #8-14 on page 170.

Wednesday Objective

• I will relate the function of an organ to the function of an organ system.

Bell work

• Complete the data table on the worksheet.

Quiz

• C =NO communication except with the teacher.• H =Raise your hand and wait to speak.• A =Take the test. Answer every question.• M =Do not get out of your seat or into your bags.• P =Finish the test. When you finish, begin reading

pages 142-190 in your notebook.

Bell work

• Complete the data table on the worksheet.

Homework

• Read pages 171 – 176.

Thursday Objective

• I will compare and contrast different types of plant tissues.

Bell work

• Complete the worksheet.

Reading Questions

• What questions do you have as a result of your reading?

Vocabulary

• Create vocabulary flashcards for the following terms:– Xylem– Phloem– Dermal tissue– Ground tissue– Vacuole– Plastid– Chromoplast

Plant Cells

• Similar to animal cells but also have:– Large Central Vacuole– Cell wall– Plastids call chloroplasts and chromoplasts

Cell Wall

• Made of ___________ and possibly _______.

• Functions include:– _______________– _______________– _______________

Central Vacuole

• Contains ____________ and ____________ substances.

• Maintains ___________ against the cell wall which gives ___________ to the cell and __________ to the plant.

Plastids

• Membrane-bound organelles with their own DNA.

• Two types in plants:– _________________– _________________

Plant Plastids

• Chloroplasts = Plant plastids which contain the _________ pigment ____________ essential to _______________.

• Chromplasts = Plant plastids which make and store other ____________.

Types of Plant Cells

• Parenchymal – thin, loosely packed, unspecialized. ***Contain chloroplasts.– Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration, Storage

• Collenchymal – irregularly thickened walls.– Support, Wind Resistance

• Sclerenchymal – very thick cell walls with lignin.– Support, Strength

Plant Tissues

• Three types:– Dermal – covers the __________ of the plant.• The ___________ is a waxy substance secreted by the

____________ of plants.– Ground – provides __________ and may store

_______ or _________.– Vascular -- __________ fluids.

Vascular Tissues

• Xylem – Transports ________ and ________ ___________ from ________ to ________ and __________.

• Phloem – Transports ________ from ___________ cells to other parts of the plant for _______ and ___________.

Meristem

• The key to continued plant growth and plant cell repair.

• When found at the tips of ______ and _______, the plant grows in length.

• When found within and around vascular tissues, the plant grows in _______.

Thursday Objective

• I will compare and contrast different types of plant tissues.

Homework

• Complete questions #1-5 on page 176.

Friday Objective

• I will outline the structure and function of plant organs.

Bell work

• Complete questions #6-10 on page 176.

Plant Organ Systems

• Major plant organs:– Roots– Stems– Leaves– Flowers

• Two plant organ systems:– Shoot system– Root system

Roots

• Function:– Absorb _________ and ___________– Store __________– __________ the plant in the ground.

• Two types of Root Systems:– Taproot– Fibrous

Taproot System

• Example: Carrot• A single thick primary root• Penetrates deep into the ground

• Reaches underground water supplies• Anchors the plant very securely in the ground.

Fibrous Root System

• Example: Grass• Many small branching roots.• Increased surface area for absorption, but

makes plant less securely anchored.

Shoot System

• Organs include:– Stem– Leaves– Flowers

Stems

• Organs that hold the plant ________ so they can get the _________ and ______ they need.

• Also hold up __________, ____________, ___________, and secondary _________.

Stems

• Epidermis __________ and _________ the stem and controls ________ exchange.

Stems

• Bark = a combination of tissues that provides a tough, woody _________ covering on the ________ of trees.

• Inner bark is _________ and growing.• Outer bark is _________and offers strength,

support and protection.– Tree Rings

Leaves

• Primary Function = collect __________ and make _________ by ________________.

• In non-flowering plants, the three types of leaves are:– Microphylls– Fronds– Needles

Leaves

• In flowering plants, leaves are very diverse but all share two characteristics:– Blade – wide, flat part of the leaf– Petiole – the part that attached the leaf to a stem.

Leaves

• Look at the figure on page 185.– Color the cells green.– Color the air spaces yellow.– Write the function of each identified structure

under its label.

Leaves

• Look at the figure on page 186.– Color the chloroplasts in the guard cells green.– Color the rest of the guard cells pink.– Color the stoma yellow.– Color the remaining cells green.– In the margin, write 3 sentences describing how

the stomata open and close.

Flowers

• Contain the reproductive organs of the flower.• Produce seeds and sometimes fruits.

• Stamen – male reproductive structure (source of pollen)

• Pistil – female reproductive structure (produces seeds and fruit)

Friday Objective

• I will outline the structure and function of plant organs.

Homework

• Answer questions 1-5 on page 189.