Organelles & Cells Student Edition

Name: Date:

1. Which structure is outside the nucleus of a cell and contains DNA?

A. chromosome B. gene C. mitochondrion D. vacuole

2. A potato core was placed in a beaker of water as shown in the figure below.

Which diagram best represents the net movement of molecules?

A. B.

C. D.

3. Which statement about plant and animal cells is true?

A. Plant cells have a nucleus and a cell wall; animal cells do not have either of these structures.

B. Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts; animal cells do not have either of these structures.

C. Plant cells have a cell wall and a cell membrane; animal cells have a cell wall but not a cell membrane.

D. Plant cells have chloroplasts and mitochondria; animal cells have chloroplasts but do not have mitochondria.

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4. Under what conditions will a substance be likely to enter a cell through diffusion?

A. when the substance is a particle of food

B. when a molecule of the substance is very large

C. when the concentration of the substance is greater outside the cell than inside

D. when the concentration of the substance is greater inside the cell than outside

5. Blight is a plant disease caused by a fungus that affects potato plants. Some wild breeds of potato have naturalresistance to the fungus. These wild potatoes contain chemical compounds that cause them to taste bad. Scientistsare trying to produce potato plants that are resistant to blight but still produce potatoes that taste good.

Which of the following describes an important difference between a potato plant cell and a human cell?

A. Plant cells have a cell wall, and animal cells do not.

B. Animal cells store water inside, and plant cells do not.

C. Plant cells have a cell nucleus, and animal cells do not.

D. Animal cells perform respiration, and plant cells do not.

6. Which structure is responsible for allowing materials into and out of an animal cell?

A. Nucleus B. Cell wall C. Mitochondrion D. Cell membrane

7. The starch and water molecules in potato cells are stored in what organelle?

A. mitochondrion B. nucleus C. ribosome D. vacuole

8. The diagram below shows a cell.

Where would this cell most likely be found?

A. bark B. frog C. leaf D. mushroom

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9. How is a skin cell from a mouse similar to an amoeba?

A. Both need energy. B. Both have cell walls.

C. Both move with pseudopodia. D. Both consume carbon dioxide.

10. A student prepared the following list of characteristics about a cellular organelle.

• present in animal cells

• present in plant cells

• helps make energy available to the cell

Which of the following cellular structures is the student describing?

A. cell wall B. chloroplast C. mitochondrion D. nucleus

11. A biology student observed the cells shown below under a microscope.

These cells most likely came from

A. an animal. B. an archaebacterium. C. a fungus. D. a plant.

12. Some cells, such as human nerve and muscle cells, contain many more mitochondria than do other cells, such asskin cells. Why do some cells have more mitochondria than others?

A. The cells use more energy. B. The cells store more nutrients.

C. The cells degrade more proteins. D. The cells divide more frequently.

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13. A single prokaryotic cell can divide several times in an hour. Few eukaryotic cells can divide as quickly. Whichof the following statements best explains this difference?

A. Eukaryotic cells are smaller than prokaryotic cells.

B. Eukaryotic cells have less DNA than prokaryotic cells.

C. Eukaryotic cells have more cell walls than prokaryotic cells.

D. Eukaryotic cells are more structurally complex than prokaryotic cells.

14. Which of the following is more likely to occur in a plant cell than in an animal cell?

A. synthesis of enzymes B. formation of cellulose

C. breakdown of glucose D. active transport of ions

15. The diagram below illustrates how plant root cells take in mineral ions from the surrounding soil.

Which of the following processes is illustrated?

A. active transport B. diffusion C. osmosis D. passive filtration

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16. Which of the diagrams below best represents the net movement of molecules in osmosis?

A. B.

C. D.

17. A cross section of part of a Golgi complex is shown below.

Part of the membrane of the Golgi complex pinches off and moves away. Which of the following is a function ofthis process?

A. to release energy from ATP

B. to deliver proteins to other locations in the cell

C. to collect amino acids for use in protein synthesis

D. to send messages about cell requirements to the nucleus

18. Which of the following statements correctly matches a cell part with its function?

A. The cell membrane packages lipids for export. B. The mitochondria perform photosynthesis.

C. The lysosome digests molecules. D. The nucleus produces energy

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19. A biologist looks at an organism through a microscope. Which of the following observations tells the biologist thatthe organism is eukaryotic?

A. The organism is unicellular. B. The organism moves with flagella.

C. The organism has a cell membrane. D. The organism has membrane- bound organelles.

20. A lab technician needs to determine whether cells in a test tube are prokaryotic or eukaryotic. The technician hasseveral dyes she could use to stain the cells. Four of the dyes are described in the table below.

Dye Test

acridine orange stains DNA and RNA

osmium tetroxide stains lipids

eosin stains cell cytoplasm

Nile blue stains cell nuclei

Which dye could the technician use to determine whether the cells are prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

A. acridine orange B. osmium tetroxide C. eosin D. Nile blue

21. Which of the following describes plant cells but not animal cells?

A. The nucleus contains the chromosomes. B. The ribosomes assist in protein synthesis.

C. Plastids store starch made during photosynthesis. D. Mitochondria produce energy through respiration.

22. Amino acids, sugars, and ions move across the cell membrane. Their movement from a region of high concentrationto a region of low concentration is accomplished by special proteins in the membrane.

Which of the following terms applies to this type of cell transport?

A. active transport B. facilitated diffusion C. osmosis D. transcription

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23. Circle the diagram that depicts a cell capable of making sugar.

Explain your answer.

24. The following cell structures are located within cells that make proteins. Which description best explains therelationship among these cell structures in making a protein?

• nucleus

• ribosome

• endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

A. nucleus makes protein → protein winds through the ER → protein folds into its active shape

B. nucleus directs ER to assemble the protein → ribosomes surround protein → protein folds into its active shape

C. ER creates protein → DNA in the nucleus codes for ribosomes to surround protein → protein folds into itsactive shape

D. DNA in nucleus codes for protein → protein assembled in ribosomes and moves to ER → protein folds intoits active shape

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25. What is true about all living cells?

A. They need sunlight for energy. B. They can make their own food.

C. They grow and divide to make more cells.

26. What is the role of cytoplasm in a living cell?

A. fight infections B. digest proteins

C. surround organelles D. pass on genetic information

27. This diagram shows a Euglena and a Paramecium.

Euglena and Paramecium are similar in which way?

A. Both are types of plants. B. Both have a cell wall to maintain their structure.

C. Both have structures that aid them in movement. D. Both must produce their own food in order to live.

28. How is the cell membrane important to the process of osmosis?

A. It allows water to move into the cell.

B. It allows all materials from the outside environment to move into the cell.

C. It traps water and nutrients that would otherwise be unable to move into the cell.

D. It collects nutrients from water in the outside environment and moves them into the cell.

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29. Protein synthesis occurs at which of the structures shown below?

A. I B. II C. III D. IV

30. Which of the following lacks a nucleus?

A. a plant cell B. an animal cell C. an amoeba D. a virus

31. Which cellular organelle is responsible for packaging the proteins that the cell secretes?

A. cytoskeleton B. cell membrane C. lysosome D. Golgi apparatus

32. Which cell part is correctly matched to its function?

A. chloroplast—controls cell division B. mitochondrion—releases energy

C. cell membrane—contains genetic code D. ribosome—makes sugar

33. Which of these are used directly to make proteins in all cells?

A. nuclei B. ribosomes C. membranes D. mitochondria

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34. Use the figure of a cell membrane below to answer the following question(s).

What kind of molecule is Structure A?

A. an amino acid B. a phospholipid C. a carbohydrate D. a nucleic acid

35. Use the information and the diagram below to answer the following question(s).

Starch turns blue-black in the presence of iodine solution. A selectively permeable dialysis sac containing astarch solution is placed into a beaker of iodine solution.

If the dialysis sac is permeable only to water and iodine, what will the solutions in the beaker and the sac looklike after two hours?

A. The iodine solution in the beaker will turn blue-black; the starch solution will not change.

B. The starch solution in the dialysis sac will turn blue-black; the iodine solution will not change.

C. Neither solution will turn blue-black.

D. Both solutions will turn blue-black.

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36. Use the information and diagram below to answer the following question(s).

Animal cells contain an organelle that helps release energy. A diagram of this organelle is shown below.

ANIMAL CELL DIAGRAM

Which function would the energy-releasing organelle most likely have in the animal cell?

A. cellular control B. cellular respiration C. removal of wastes D. storage of nutrients

37. Depending on the environmental conditions, Euglena, a unicellular protist, can act as either a producer or aconsumer. Euglena will most likely act as a consumer when placed in which of these environments?

A. cool B. acidic C. low-oxygen D. no-light

38. The diagram below shows an animal cell in a beaker containing a solution of sugar and water. The cell membraneis permeable only to water.

ANIMAL CELL IN SUGAR AND WATER SOLUTION

Which statement describes the relationship between the animal cell and the contents of the beaker?

A. There is a higher concentration of water inside the cell than outside the cell.

B. There is a higher concentration of sugar inside the cell than outside the cell.

C. There is an equal concentration of water inside the cell as outside the cell.

D. There is an equal concentration of sugar inside the cell as outside the cell.

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39. Which of the following statements about cell membranes is not true?

A. They are barriers between the inside and outside of the cell.

B. They contain proteins which perform a variety of transport functions.

C. They are composed of phospholipids.

D. They allow DNA to move in and out of the cell.

40.

Initial Conditions

Inside Dialysis Tubing Inside Beaker

starch iodine

glucose water

solution is colorless solution is brown

Final Conditions

Inside Dialysis Tubing Inside Beaker

starch iodine

glucose water

iodine solution is brown

solution is blue/black

Students use a pouch of dialysis tubing to model a cell membrane. A starch and glucose solution is placed insidethe pouch, and the pouch is placed into a beaker that contains iodine and water. An advantage of using the dialysistubing to represent a cell membrane is that it is

A. permeable to all substances. B. impermeable to all substances.

C. permeable to iodine and impermeable to starch. D. impermeable to iodine and permeable to starch.

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