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Organic aquaculture and aquaponics: Opportunities and Challenges
Elena Mente
University of Thessaly
School of Agricultural Sciences Department of Ichthyology and Aquatic Environment
Greece
SOCIAL (community development & Social acceptance)
ECONOMIC (profitable)
'Overall sustainability of the fishery system requires simultaneous achievement of all four components.'
Balance between conflicting goals?
ECOLOGICAL (environmentally sound)
Opportunities for aquaculture ü Expansion possible but in a sustainable way
Growth (demand & potential for sustainable intensification) Ø diversifying production techniques
§ off-shore and/or using recirculation systems (high investments) § integrated multi-trophic aquaculture /organic aquaculture /
aquaponics systems
Ø introducing new/lower trophic species
Do the things right
Do the right things
Aquaculture development
Monitoring, reporting, evaluating, responding and adapting are the main activities for a sustainable aquaculture development.
Sustainable aquaculture
good practices
Best practises
Research
Specific standards in detail High quality
eco-label products
Organic aquaculture Organic aquaculture relies on biological processes to
manage the welfare of the animals, the nutrient inputs, the waste that it is produced and the environment in which they live.
• Organic aquaculture aims at: • Minimising the negative effect on the
environment • Maintaining a high level of biological diversity • Respecting animal welfare • Satisfying the consumer acceptance
(EC) No 834/2007, No 710/2009 and are in force as of 1 July 2010
Significant increase in production
2015 200,000
tonnes
2030 1.2
million tonnes
Organic aquaculture
Main organic aquaculture products in
Europe
Photo:h'p://www.scandfish.com/
Overall, these regulations aim to certain objectives following a number of fundamental principles.
Organic regulation
CommissionRegulation(EC)No710/20095Aug2009[…]layingdowndetailedrulesonorganic
aquacultureanimalandseaweedproductionOfficialJournaloftheEuropeanUnion
Opportunities for Growth
• High growth sector for organic food
• Response to growing consumer preference
for healthy and natural products
• Response to consumer concerns about the
environment and sustainability of the industry
• Good market opportunity for small farms
Work is still needed in organic aquaculture - Inadequate supply of organic juveniles except trout ova/fry from
Denmark. Lack of organic rules for hatcheries, phytoplankton and zooplankton production.
- Stocking densities in hatcheries and grow phase.
- Organic feeds, organic weaning diets and fry/fingerling diets and brood-stock diets. Fishmeal from whole fish. Alternative sources of proteins and lipids to optimize dietary amino acid and fatty acid profiles.
- Water quality, day-length, transportation, slaughter methods, physical injuries, preventing fish suffering, preserving fish fillet quality.
- Reuse of water in line with organic principles, mechanical aerators, renewable energy sources.
Challenges for organic aquaculture • sustainability of feed supply • introduction of bio controls-diseases Importing organic products outside the EU? Regulation? Regulation should be based on scientific information while respecting the organic principles
Rules in aquaponics No antibiotics No pesticides
Figure from Simon Goddek, Boris Delaide, Utra Mankasingh, Kristin Vala Ragnarsdottir, Haissam Jijakli and Ragnheidur Thorarinsdottir, 2015. Challenges of Sustainable and Commercial Aquaponics. In Aquaculture Engineering
Aquaponics
EU aquaponics hub
https://euaquaponicshub.com/
“Aquaponics – the symbiotic growing of fish and vegetables in recirculating water systems – is emerging as one of the most important areas of sustainable agriculture. The EU Aquaponics Hub is funded by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) in order to promote innovation and capacity building by a network of researchers and commercial aquaponics companies. Our website provides information on the science behind aquaponics, the latest news, and ways for you to get involved.”
Opportunities • Currently, not many aquaponics systems in a
large scale
Challenges
• Improve Technical and Technological approach • from Research to market • from Science to policy, business and public
awareness
Thank you