ORGANIC FARMING RESEARCHORGANIC FARMING RESEARCH :ISRI and in Colaboration with RDA Korea; 

Jircass Japan

INDONESIAN SOIL RESEARCH INSTITUTEINDONESIAN SOIL RESEARCH INSTITUTE

2012

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

Vegetable production in Indonesia:• overuse of agrochemical inputoveruse of agrochemical input • continuous mono‐cropping 

le elling off prod ction‐ levelling‐off production‐ poor product quality, land degradation ‐ resistance of certain pest and diseases 

‐ high cost farming

develop alternative technologies, such as LEISA and Organicdevelop alternative technologies, such as LEISA and Organic farming, by reduced chemical fertilizer and applying various 

organic fertilizers under proper crop management.

Organic Production• Organic systems avoid the use of synthetic

fertilizers, pesticides, and growth regulators. Instead they rely on crop rotations crop residues animal rely on crop rotations, crop residues, animal manures, legumes, green manures, off-farm wastes, mechanical cultivation, mineral-bearing

k d bi l i l t t l t i t i il rocks, and biological pest control to maintain soil health, supply plant nutrients, and minimize insects, weeds, and other pests.

• Crop establishment, soil fertility, crop nutrition and weed management were identified as key areas of management that differentiate organic and management that differentiate organic and conventional systems.

RESEARCH TOPICSRESEARCH TOPICS

Maintaining and increasing long term soil fertility and bi l i l ti it i i t bl il bbiological activity in organic vegetables soil by: 

(a) rotation with legumes or cover crops, (b) returning manure produced on the farm( ) g p

(chicken, goat, cow)(c) managing crop residues from the farm

( h d li i th id )(grass, hedgrow clipping, other residues)(d) Biofertilizer application

Soil chemical and biological propertiesNutrients balance

NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT• Organic fertilizer from different sources: manure, green manure, hedgrowclipping, legume, crop residues casting of earthwormresidues, casting of earthworm 

• Bio‐fertilizer: rhizobium, fosfatsolubilizing bacteriasolubilizing bacteria,

• Natural mineral : rock fosfat guano sawdust dolomit gypfosfat, guano, sawdust, dolomit, gypsum, zeolit, bentonit, peat, 

LOCAL SPECIFIC TECHNOLOGY

• Organic vegetables nursery was preparednursery was prepared by women under conventional methodconventional method

• Liquid fertilizer and i id d b l lpesticide made by local 

farmer as a local ifi h lspecific technology on 

vegetable organic f ifarming

PLANT MANAGEMENT• Non‐GMO seed, • Crop rotation dan mixed crop for 

h b deach bed :• with  legume • Selected plants combination :Selected plants combination : leavy‐fruit/flower 

• Shalow and depth root dev• Short and long duration plant

BUILDING SOIL FERTILITYBUILDING SOIL FERTILITY

SOIL  AND WATER CONSERVATION

• Permanent terrace

• Minimum tillage• Minimum tillage 

• Grass edge, mulch

• Water from unpolluted sources 

PEST CONTROL

• Plant repellent : kenikir, serai, kemangi, lavender, h hChrysanthenun

• Natural enemy • Flies trap• Flies trap • Bio‐pesticide : neem, saga, biji

sirsak, garlic, jahe, kunyit, daun kacangbabi, dll.

Mucuna

SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIESP2O5 (mg/100g)

Kusnadi OrganikKonvensional

C-organik (%)

KusnadiOrganik

K2O (mg/100g)

Kusnadi OrganikK i l

BSB

Mega taniFarm

Konvensional

BSB

Mega taniFarm

Konvensiona

BSB

Mega taniFarm

Konvensional

0 10 20 30 40 50

Masada

0 1 2 3 4

Masada

0 50 100 150 200

Masada

pH

KusnadiOrganikKonvensional

Ca (mg/100g)

KusnadiOrganikKonvensional

Mg (mg/100g)

Kusnadi Organik

BSB

Mega taniFarm

Konvensional

BSB

Mega taniFarm

Konvensional

BSB

Mega taniFarm

Konvensional

0 2 4 6 8

Masada

0 5 10 15 20

Masada

0 1 2 3 4

Masada

SOIL BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

Actinomycetes (104)Total bakteri (105)

Organik

Rhizobium (104)

Organik

BSB

Mega TaniFarm

Kusnadi OrganikKonvensional

BSB

Mega TaniFarm

KusnadiOrganikKonvensional

BSB

Mega TaniFarm

KusnadiOrganikKonvensional

0 50 100 150

Masada

BSB

0 50 100 150 200

Masada

BSB

0 50 100 150 200

Masada

BSB

Total jamur (104)

Kusnadi

Penicillium (104)

Kusnadi

Azotobacter (104)

Kusnadi

BSB

Mega TaniFarm

organik BSB

Mega TaniFarm Organik

Konvensional

BSB

Mega TaniFarm

OrganikKonvensional

0 10 20 30 40

Masada

Konvensional

0 5 10 15 20 25

Masada

0 50 100 150 200

Masada

CONCLUSION :

Otimum dosis for organic fertlizer under vegetables farming system was 10-15t/ha from manure combined with green manureNutrient balance for N,P,K under vegetables farming system was positive for N and P, conversely negative for KThe best combination for vegetable cropping system was vegetable with low to medium nutrient uptake with high nut uptake (leavy with flower/fruit)with high nut uptake (leavy with flower/fruit)Soil chemical and biological properties was incresed under vegetable organic farming sytem.

Good Soil Care (Lembang 2006-2010)LONG TERM SOIL FERTILITY EXPERIMENT(JIRCASS ISRI IVEGRI 2006 2013)(JIRCASS, ISRI, IVEGRI, 2006‐2013)

Growing Velvet Bean (Mucuna sp.) for seed production and as cover crop for improving organic carbon under cabbage cropping system

Produksi kubis 7 00

8.00 LT1LT2kubis

4 00

5.00

6.00

7.00

c C

arbo

n (%

) LT2LT3LT4LT5

1st Season 4th Season

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

Soil

Org

anic LT6

LT7LT8LT9

0.00BP 1AP 1AH 2AP 2AH 3AH 4AP 4AH 5AP 5AH 6AH

Sampling Time

LT10LT11LT12

Trend of Soil Organic Carbon Increment for organic input treatments

0,80LT1

0,60

0,70

n (%

)LT1LT2LT3LT4

0 30

0,40

0,50

tal N

itrog

en

LT5LT6LT7

0 10

0,20

0,30

Soil

Tot

LT8LT9LT10

0,00

0,10

BP 1AP 1AH 2AP 2AH 3AH 4AP 4AH 5AP 5AH 6AH 6AH*

LT11LT12

Figure 9.  Trend of Soil Nitrogen Content Increment for All Treatments

Note: BP = Before Planting; AP= After Planting; AH= After Harvesting: AH*= After Mucuna incorporated into soil; 1‐6 = season

9

6

7

8

(kg/

m2 )

1st planting season (S D 2006)

Cabbage production

2

3

4

5

abba

ge y

ield

(Sept-Dec 2006)4th planting season (Sept-Dec 2007)

0

1

2

LT1

LT2

LT3

LT4

LT5

LT6

LT7

LT8

LT9

T10 T11 T12

Ca

LT LT LT LT LT LT LT LT LT LT1

LT1

LT1

Cabbage yield under organic and inorganic fertilization

CONCLUSION• The changes in soil organic carbon and total

nitrogen was observed in a Andisol at Lembang due to continuous cropping system and Lembang, due to continuous cropping system and fertilization

• Minimum tillage were more effective to preserve g psoil organic matter rather than conventional tillage.

• Growing cover crop during fallow period appears more advantages to increase soil nitrogen contentmore advantages to increase soil nitrogen content.

• Combination between organic fertilizer, minimum tillage and growing cover crops during fallow t age a d g ow g cove c ops du g a owperiod can maintain declining of organic matter and nitrogent content.

Organic Rice FarmingOrganic Rice Farming

Organic farming tecnology

• Soil fertilitySoil fertility• Crop establishment• Crop nutritionCrop nutrition• Pest and disease• WeedWeed• Harvest n production• MarketMarket

SOIL FERTILITYSOIL FERTILITY

- fertile soil, newly or conversion land- organic fertlizer:organic fertlizer:

- straw burning (remaining ¾ part) - manure or other solid organic residue- azolla, sesbania rostrata

CROP AND WATER MANAGEMENT

Soil C organic and Total N status after 3cropsSoil C-organic and Total-N status after 3crops

2 5 MK I 2007 0 3 MK I 2007

1,5

2,0

2,5

ik (%

)

MK I 2007

MK II 2007

MH 2007/2008

0,2

0,2

0,3

(%)

MK I 2007

MK II 2007

MH 2007/2008

0,5

1,0

C-o

rgan

0,1

0,1

N-t

otal

0,0

Pk20Ps20

Pa20Pk15+J r5Ps15+J r5Pa15+J r5

Pk10+As0,3Ps+As0,3Pa+As0,3

Perlakuan

0,0

Pk20Ps20Pa20

Pk15+J r5Ps15+J r5Pa15+J r5

Pk10+As0,3Ps+As0,3Pa+As0,3

Perlakuan

Pada budidaya padi organik, pemberian pupuk organik dari kotoran sapi dan ayam dosis 5-10 ton/ha meningkatkan kadar C-organik dan N-total tanah

5,0

6,0

7,0

pm)

MK I 2007MK II 2007MH 2007/2008

10 012,014,016,0

0 g)

MK I 2007MK II 2007MH 2007/2008

0,0

1,0

2,0

3,0

4,0

P-te

rsed

ia (p

0,02,04,06,08,0

10,0

Ca

(me/

100

Pk20

Ps20

Pa20Pk1

5+Jr5

Ps15+

Jr5Pa15

+Jr5

Pk10+

As0,3

Ps+As0

,3Pa+A

s0,3

Perlakuan

Pk20

Ps20

Pa20Pk15

+Jr5Ps1

5+Jr5

Pa15+Jr5

Pk10+As0

,3Ps+

As0,3

Pa+As0,3

Perlakuan

4,50MK I 2007MK II 2007

0,14 MK I 2007

1 00

1,50

2,00

2,50

3,00

3,50

4,00

Mg

(me/

100

g)

MK II 2007MH 2007/2008

0,04

0,06

0,08

0,10

0,12

K-d

d (m

e/10

0 g)

MK II 2007

MH 2007/2008

0,00

0,50

1,00

Pk20

Ps20

Pa20Pk15+Jr5Ps15+J r5Pa15+J r5

Pk10+As0,3Ps+As0,3Pa+As0,3

Perlakuan

0,00

0,02

Pk20

Ps20

Pa20Pk1

5+Jr5

Ps15+

Jr5Pa15

+Jr5

Pk10+

As0,3

Ps+As0

,3Pa+A

s0,3

Perlakuan

K

Pada budidaya padi organik, pemberian pupuk organik dari kotoran sapi dan ayam dosis 5-10 ton/ha meningkatkan kadar P, Ca, Mg dan menurunkan K tanah

Neraca Hara N,P,K (kg/ha) pada pertanaman padi rganik di Inceptisol Sragen selama 3 musim tanamMT 2007

150

200

di Inceptisol Sragen selama 3 musim tanam MT 2007

0

50

100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

‐150

‐100

‐501 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

‐200

N P KPerlakuan:1. Kambing 20t/ha2 Sapi 20t/ha2. Sapi 20t/ha3. Ayam 20t/ha4. Kambing 15t/ha+Jerami 5t/ha5. Ayam 15t/ha+Jerami 5t/ha6. Kambing 15t/ha+Jerami 5t/ha7. Kambing 10t/ha+Sekam 300kg/ha8. Ayam 10t/ha+Sekam 300kg/ha9. Sapi 10t/ha+Sekam 300kg/ha

Organic rice yield during MK 2009‐MH 2009/2010Organic rice yield during MK 2009‐MH 2009/2010

7,00 8,00 9,00

3 004,00 5,00 6,00

n yi

eld

(t/h

a)

MK I 2009

MK II 2009

MH 2009/2010

-1,00 2,00 3,00

Gra

in

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11Perlakuan

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

• Soil chemical and biological properties was i d d i i f i tincreased under rice organic farming system.

• Nutrient sources for organic rice was manure (chicken cow goat) 5 t/ha combined with(chicken, cow, goat) 5 t/ha combined with azolla, straw compost and Tithonia@ 1t/ha 

• Nutrient balances for organic rice (from g (organic sources above) shows positive balance for N and P, conversely negative  balance for N and K for selected treatmentand K for selected treatment.