ORGANISATION IN THE LIVING THINGS - Testlabz · Biology Class VII 2 Question Bank © EDULABZ TIONAL 8. Which of the following is a protective tissue? (a) Muscular tissue (b) Connective

Biology Class VII 1 Question Bank

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2I. Multiple choice questions: Tick ( ) the correct choice.

1. A group of similar cells which perform a particular function iscalled(a) organism (b) tissue (c) organelle (d) organs

Ans. (b)2. Two organ systems in plants are

(a) roots and stem (b) root system and shoot system(c) stem and branches (d) all the above

Ans. (b)3. A level of organisation above the population is

(a) organism (b) ecosystem (c) community (d) biosphereAns. (c)

4. Biosphere consists of(a) atmosphere, lithosphere and hydrosphere(b) atmosphere and hydrosphere(c) ecosystem only(d) abiotic and biotic components

Ans. (a)5. Biotic community consists of

(a) only animals (b) all organisms(c) only plants (d) organisms and the environment

Ans. (b)6. Trachea is a part of

(a) digestive system (b) excretory system(c) respiratory system (d) circulatory system

Ans. (c)7. Bones and cartilages are a part of

(a) skeletal system (b) respiratory system(c) muscular system (d) excretory system

Ans. (a)

ORGANISATION IN THELIVING THINGS


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8. Which of the following is a protective tissue?(a) Muscular tissue (b) Connective tissue(c) Epithelial tissue (d) Nervous tissue

Ans. (c)9. The tissue which forms the internal lining of organs is

(a) nervous tissue (b) epithelial tissue(c) connective tissue (d) a muscle

Ans. (b)10. Nervous tissue consists of

(a) nerve cells (b) tendons (c) cyton (d) lymphAns. (a)

11. Short branching structures arising from the cell body of aneuron are called(a) axons (b) cyton (c) dendrites (d) lymph

Ans. (c)12. The muscles which take part in breathing movements are

(a) involuntary muscles (b) cardiac muscles(c) voluntary muscles (d) all the above

Ans. (a)13. Muscles found in heart are

(a) voluntary muscles (b) cardiac muscles(c) involuntary muscles (d) all the above

Ans. (b)14. Tissues found in growing regions are

(a) meristematic tissues (b) complex tissues(c) simple tissues (d) permanent tissues

Ans. (a)15. Meristematic tissues have

(a) small, thin-walled cells rich in cytoplasm(b) small, thick-walled cells(c) dead cells(d) cells which can divide for a short period

Ans. (a)


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16. Vascular tissues in a plant are(a) xylem and phloem (b) xylem, phloem and epidermis(c) only xylem (d) only phloem

Ans. (a)17. A group of living organisms which can breed among themselves

belong to the same(a) population (b) community (c) ecosystem (d) class

Ans. (a)18. A biotic community consists of

(a) only plants (b) only animals(c) plants and animals(d) plants, animals and micro-organisms

Ans. (d)19. The number of individual organisms of a particular species

form a(a) population (b) community (c) ecosystem (d) biosphere

Ans. (a)20. The cells of cartilage are present in fluid-filled spaces called

(a) matrix (b) stroma (c) lacunae (d) vacuolesAns. (c)

21. White fibrous tissue present in tendons joins(a) bone to a bone (b) bone to a muscle(c) muscle to a muscle (d) all the above

Ans. (c)22. Voluntary muscles are

(a) cylindrical and branches (b) cylindrical and unbranched(c) spindle-shaped (d) spherical

Ans. (b)23. Meristematic tissues have

(a) continuously dividing cells(b) dead cells(c) cells which divide for a short period(d) cells which do not divide at all

Ans. (a)


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24. Which of the following tissues do not possess livingprotoplasm at maturity?(a) collenchyma (b) sclerenchyma(c) tracheids (d) xylem parenchyma

Ans. (c)25. Xylem consists of

(a) vessels, sieve tubes, fibres and xylem parenchyma(b) vessels, phloem parenchyma, fibres and companion cells(c) vessels, tracheids, fibres and xylem parenchyma(d) vessels, sieve tubes, fibres and phloem parenchyma

Ans. (c)26. Ovary is a/an

(a) organ (b) system (c) organism (d) tissueAns. (a)

27. Simple epithelial tissue is(a) closely packed, unilayered (b) loose and vascular(c) made of fibres (d) none of the above

Ans. (a)28. Axon and dendrites are the parts of

(a) neuron (b) reproductive cell(c) xylem (d) none of the above

Ans. (a)II. Fill in the blanks.

1. A group of cells that are similar in size and shape and do thesame job is called .................. .

2. Different tissues that work together form .................. .3. An organ used to get rid of the wastes in our body is

.................. .4. In plants, the organ that makes food is the .................. .5. Individuals of the same kind of organisms form a ................ .6. About two-third of the body weight is made up of ..................

tissue.7. Bone is a type of .................. tissue.


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8. .................. muscles are found in the walls of stomach andintestine.

9. Cells are living, elongated and thickened at the corners in.................. tissue.

10. Water moves upward inside the plant body through ..................tissue.

11. Movement of food material in the plant body takes placethrough .................. tissue.

12. Permanent tissues arise from .................. tissues.13. Cells of ................ a tissue bring about increase in plant length.14. The cells of ............... a tissue constantly undergo cell-division.15. The skin is made up of .................. tissue.16. The sensory message is carried by the .................. tissue.17. The liquid part of blood is .................. .18. .................. defend our body against germs.19. .................. tissue is made of cells without any intercellular

spaces.20. .................. muscles help in the movement of limbs.21. A long cylindrical process arising from the cyton is

called.................. .22. .................. tissue joins bones to muscles.23. .................. is a fluid connective tissue without red blood cells.24. .................. tissue is situated at the tip of root and stem.25. .................. tissue can contract to move parts of the body.

Ans. 1. tissue 2. Organ 3. kidney 4. Leaves 5. Population 6. Connective7. Connective 8. Involuntary 9. Collenchyma 10. Xylem11. Phloem 12. Meristematic 13. Meristematic 14. Meristematic15. Epithelial 16. Nervous 17. Blood Plasma 18. While Bood cells19. Epithelial 20. Voluntary 21. Axon 22. Tendon 23. Lymph24. Apical Meristematic tissue 25. Muscular.


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III. Which of the following statements are true (T) and which onesare false (F)? Mark T or F.1. The stomach is a tissue.2. Different cells that join up and work together are called organs.3. Tissues alone cannot do same jobs in the body.4. Tissues, organs and organ systems are made of cells.5. Different organ systems help each other.6. All members of a population compete for similar resources.7. Complexity goes on increasing as we move from lower levels

to higher levels of organistion.8. Meristematic cells are small and thin-walled.9. Permanent tissue is an immature tissue.

10. Stomata are present in the ground tissue of the leaf.11. Xylem tissue is made of sieve tubes.12. Epithelial tissue is a protective tissue.13. Muscular tissues show the property of contraction and

expansion.14. Cyton and axon are the parts of a nerve cell.15. The fluid part of the blood is called plasma.16. Sclerenchyma consists of thick-walled dead cells.17. Phloem is a complex tissue.18. Cardiac muscles have light and dark bands.19. Voluntary muscles are present in the internal organs of the body.20. Yellow fibrous tissue, a type of connective tissue, is found in

ligaments.21. The fluid-filled spaces in which cartilage cells are present, are

called lacunae.22. Tendons connect bone to muscles.23. Unicellular animals lack cell differentiation.24. A group of cells similar in structure and function form an organ.


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25. The animal tissues and the plant tissues are similar in structureand function.

Ans. 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. T 6. T 7. T 8. T 9. F 10. F 11. F12. T 13. T 14. T 15. T 16. T 17. T 18. T 19. F 20. T21. T 22. T 23. T 24. F 25. F.

IV. Find the odd one out, giving reasons:1. Cyton, dendrite, plasma, axon

Ans. PlasmaReason: All are the parts of nerve cell except plasma that is thepart of blood.

2. Bone, epithelium, tendon, cartilageAns. Epithelium

Reason: All are the parts of connective tissue except epitheliumwhich is the part of epithelial tissue.

3. Xylem, collenchyma, parenchyma, sclerenchymaAns. Xylem

Reason: All are simple permanent tissue except xylem which iscomplex permanent tissue.

4. Vessels, companion cells, sieve tubes, collenchyma.Ans. Collenchyma

Reason: Collenchyma is simple permanent tissue while othersare the parts of complex permanent tissues.

5. lymph, white fibrous tissue, yellow fibrous tissue, areolar tissueAns. Lymph

Reason: Lymph is fluid connective tissue while others areproper connective tissue.

6. parenchyma, collenchyma, vascular bundle, sclerenchymaAns. Vascular bundle

Reason: All are simple permanent tissues except vascularbundle.

7. tendon, squamous epithelium, ligament, boneAns. Squamous epithelium


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Reason: All are connective tissues except squamous epitheliumwhich is epithelial tissue.

8. thrombocytes, erythrocytes, lacunae, leucocytesAns. Lacunae

Reason: All are fluid connective tissue except lacunae.

V. In the items of Column I with the items of Column II.Column I Column II

1. Sieve Tube (a) Phloem2. Trachieds (b) Fibres3. Tendon (c) neuron4. Blood (d) connects bone to bone5. Phloem (e) found in leaf stalks6. cartilage (f) fluid connective tissue7. Ligament (g) connects muscles to bone8. Xylem (h) has no blood vessels or nerves9. Collenchyma (i) conducts food from leaves

downwards10. Nerve tissue (j) Conducts water from roots

Ans. 1. a 2. b 3. g 4. f 5. i 6. h 7. d 8. j 9. e 10. c.VI. Differentiate between the following:

1. Organism and PopulationAns. Organism Population

(1) It is lower level of (1) It is higher level oforganisation. organisation.

(2) The organ systems collec- (2) All the organisms of singletively form an organism. species in a given area

constitute a population.(3) Cell is the smallest unit of (3) Organism is the smallest

organism unit of population.


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2. Population and CommunityAns. Population Community

(1) All the individuals of a (1) The populations ofsingle species in a given different species in an areaarea constitute population. constitute a community.

(2) It is next higher level of (2) It is next higher level oforganisation above the organisation above theindividual level. population level.

(3) Population is made of only (3) Community is made ofsingle species many species.

3. Ecosystem and BiosphereAns. Ecosystem Biosphere

(1) It is higher level of organi- (1) It is highest level of organi-sation above community. sation above ecosystem.

(2) Biotic and abiotic commu- (2) The part of Earth thatnities constitute ecosystem. support life constitute

biosphere.(3) Ecosystem consists of (3) Biosphere consists of

autotrophs, heterotrophs hydrosphere, lithosphere,and decomposers. and atmosphere.

4. Tissues and OrgansAns. Tissue Organs

(1) It is lower level of organi- (1) It is also lower level ofsation above cell. organisation above tissue.

(2) A group of similar cells (2) Some tissues combinethat work together to do the and form organ.same job is called tissue.

(3) In a tissue, all the cells do (3) In an organ, all the tissuesthe same job. do not do the same job,e.g. Epithelial tissue, e.g. Liver, Kidney.connective tissue.


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5. Skeletal muscle tissue and Cardiac muscle tissue.Ans. Skeletal muscle tissue Cardiac muscle tissue

(1) These muscles are attached (1) These muscles are presentto skeleton. in the wall of heart.

(2) These muscles are elongated, (2) These muscles are branchedcylindrical and possess elongated cylindrical,transverse bands. and fused with one another.

(3) These are voluntary muscles (3) These are specific type ofi.e. can move by the will. involuntary muscles and

can not move by the will.

6. Meristematic tissue and Permanent tissueAns. Meristematic tissue Permanent tissue

(1) The cells of meristematic (1) The cells of permanenttissue have the ability of tissue have no ability ofdivision. division.

(2) These tissues are present (2) These tissues are presentat the tip of root and stem. in the non-growing part

of root and stem.(3) The cells of meristematic (3) The cells of permanent

tissue are small, thin-walled tissue are thin walled withwith no inter-cellular space. much less amount of

cytoplasm.(4) Meristematic tissue give rise (4) Permanent tissue are

to permanent tissue. derived from meristematictissues.

7. Simple and Complex tissuesAns. Simple tissue Complex tissue

(1) Simple tissue consists of (1) Complex tissue consists ofonly one type of cells, i.e. more than one type of cells.structurally and functionallysimilar.


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(2) Simple tissue is of three (2) Complex tissue is of twotypes— Parenchyma, types — xylem, phloem.Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma.

(3) Simple tissue provides (3) Complex tissues forms themechanical strength to the way for the transportationplant and also store food in of water and food.some plants.

8. Bone and CartilageAns. Bone Cartilage

(1) It is made of ground sub- (1) It is made of ground sub-stance called matrix which is stance called matrix whichfilled with various inorganic contains cartilage cells.salts like calcium phosphate,calcium carbonate.

(2) Bones are hard due to (2) Cartilage is highly elastic.presence of calcium.

(3) A long bone has a hollow (3) Cartilage is not suppliedcavity filled with bone with blood vessels.marrow which is suppliedwith blood vessels.

9. Voluntary and Involuntary musclesAns. Voluntary muscles Involuntary muscles

(1) Movement is under the will (1) Movement is not under theof the animal. will of the animal.

(2) All the muscles are attached (2) Present in the organs liketo skeleton and get tired alimentary canal, urinary andwhen over-worked. do not get tired.

(3) They are cylindrical and not (3) They are spindle-shaped.branched.

(4) They are multinucleated. (4) They are uninucleated.


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10. Xylem and PhloemAns. Xylem Phloem

(1) It is water-conducting (1) It is food-conductingtissue. tissue.

(2) It is composed of tracheids, (2) It is composed of sievevessels, fibres and xylem cells, phloem fibres andparenchyma. phloem parenchyma.

VII. Classify the following as cells, tissues, organs, organ systemsor organisms:1. Chlamydomonas 2. Leaf 3. Stomach4. Stem 5. Shoot system 6. Skin7. Amoeba 8. Blood 9. Flower

10. BoneAns. Tissue: Blood, Bones.

Organ: Stomach, Flower, Leaf, stem, skin.Organ system: Shoot system.Organism: Chlamydomonas, Amoeba.

VIII. Name the main organs of the following systems:1. Digestive system

Ans. Main organs of digestive system:1. Mouth 2. Oesophagous 3. stomach4. Liver 5. Panereas 6. Small intestine7. Large intestine

2. Respiratory systemAns. Main organs of respiratory system:

1. Nostril 2. Trachea 3. Bronchi 4. Lungs3. Circulatory system

Ans. Main organs of circulatory system:1. Heart 2. Arteries 3. Veins 4. Capillaries

4. Nervous systemAns. Main organs of Nervous system:

1. Brain 2. Spinal cord 3. Nerves


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5. Excretory systemAns. Main organs of Excretory system:

1. Kidney 2. Lungs 3. Skin6. Skeletal system

Ans. Main organs of skeletal system:1. Bones.

IX. See the figures shown below. Identify these figures givingreasons.

Ans. (a) These thin-walled cells are parenchyma.(b) These thick-walled cells at corner are collenchyma.(c) These thick-walled, long cell are sclerenchyma.(d) These tubular structures are xylem.

X. Name the tissue found in the following:1. At the tips of root and stem

Ans. Apical meristematic tissue.2. On the surface of roots

Ans. Dermal tissues.3. Lining of stomach

Ans. Epithelial tissues.4. Wall of heart

Ans. Cardiac muscle tissue5. Blood

Ans. Connective tissues.


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XI. Complete the table stating any one location in the body and thefunction of each of the following tissues:

Tissue Location Function1. Ciliated epithelium2. Fibrous tissue3. Glandular tissue4. Cardiac tissue5. Nervous tissue

Ans. Tissue Location Function1. Ciliated epithelium Inner side of Remove dust particles.

respiratory passage.2. Fibrous tissue Tendon & ligament Insulation of body.3. Glandular tissue Endocrine glands Secretion4. Cardiac tissue Heart wall Pumping of blood

5. Nervous tissue Brain Reflex action.

XII. Rearrange the following levels of organisation in their correctsequence:1. Organism, Cell, organ, Tissue, Organ system.

Ans. Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ system → Cell organism2. Ecosystem, Organism, Community, Ecosphere, Population.

Ans. Organism → Population → Community → Ecosystem↓

EcosphereXIII. Name:

1. The tissue that covers and protects the organs in animals.Ans. Epithelial tissue.

2. The type of muscle tissue found in the heart.Ans. Cardiac muscles


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3. The soft tissue of plants.Ans. Parenchyma

4. The tissue whose cells have a very thick cell wall.Ans. Sclerenchyma

5. The tissue that stores fat.Ans. Adipose

6. The tissue that joins bones together.Ans. Ligament

7. The liquid connective tissue.Ans. Blood

XIV. Name:1. two major plant tissues

Ans. 1. Meristematic tissue 2. Permanent issue.2. four major animal tissues

Ans. 1. Epithelial tissue 2. Muscular tissue3. Nervous tissue 4. Connective tissue

3. Three types of areolar connective tissuesAns. 1. Tendon 2. Ligament 3. Adipose

4. Three types of muscle cellsAns. 1. Striated muscles 2. Smooth muscles 3. Cardiac muscles.

XV. Give the function of:(i) epithelium (ii) endothelium (iii) neuron

(iv) muscles (v) xylemAns. (i) Epithelium Protects the organs from outside.

(ii) Endothelium. Protects the organs from inside.(iii) Neuron. Responsible for various sensory perceptions.(iv) Muscles. Responsible for the movement in animals.(v) Xylem. Responsible for upword water conduction.

XVI. The connective tissues are of many types depending upon thetype of matrix they have. How many types of connectivetissues are found in animals?


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Ans. Connective tissues are of three types:(a) Areolar connective tissue(b) Supporting connective tissue(c) Fluid connective tissue

XVII. Give reasons:(i) Muscle cells are called muscle fibres.

Ans. Muscle cells in a muscular tissue are thin, long and fibre-like.So, these cells are called muscle fibres. These cells have theproperties of contraction and relaxation. Due to theseproperties, body movements occur.

(ii) Bone is connective tissue.Ans. Bones are connective tissue because they connect the various

tissues and organs in the body.(iii) The stem of a herb is soft and perenchymatous; yet, it is firm

and rigid.Ans. Parenchyma is a soft simple tissue and it provides temporary

support to the plant.(iv) Xylem is a complex tissue.

Ans. Xylem is a complex tissue because it is made of more than onetype of cells.

(v) Phloem is a conducting tissue.Ans. Phloem is a conducting tissue because food manufactured by

green leaves is transported to roots and other parts of plantsthrough phloem.

(vi) Smooth muscles are involuntary muscles.Ans. Smooth muscles are involuntary muscles because these muscles

are present in the organs which are not under the will of theanimal, e.g. muscles of alimentary canal.


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XVIII. The organs of various systems are listed in the first columnof the chart. Put a tick in any of the other columns if theorgan belongs to any of the systems.Note: An organ may belong to more than one system.

Organs SystemDigestive Respiratory Excretory Reproductive Circulatory Nervous Skeletal

1. Vertebrae

2. Large intestine

3. Bladder

4. Brain

5. Nose

6. Pancreas

7. Liver

8. Kidneys

9. Spinal cord

10. Lungs

11. Heart

12. Ureter

13. Mouth

14. Nerves

15. Wind pipe

16. Food pipe

17. Bone

18. Cartilage

XIX. Answer the following questions:1. What is meant by higher levels of organisation

Ans. Higher levels of organisation:There are some organisations which are above the level oforganism. These are as follows:(a) Population (b) Community (c) Ecosystem (d) Biosphere(a) Population. We have a number of plants and animals


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around us. Each member of plants and animals belongsto a particular species. A species is a group of livingorganism which can breed among themselves. All themembers of this species in a particular area constituteits population.

For example: human beings living in a particular arearepresent a population of Homo sapiens. Similarly, anumber of dogs in a specific area forms the populationof dogs.

(b) Community. We see populations of plants and animalsaround us. Thus, the populations of different speciesoccurring in a locality together forms a plant-animalcommunity or biotic community. In this community, wehave producers (green plants); the primary consumersor herbivores; and carnivores and decomposers likebacteria and fungi.

(c) Ecosystem. In a community, we have various livingthings. These living things interact with the non-livingthings of the environment and form an ecosystem.Thus, an ecosystem consists of biotic and abioticcomponents. Ecosystems are natural or man-made,e.g., pond ecosystem, garden ecosystem.

(d) Biosphere. It is the highest level of organisation inhierarchy. It is the part of the earth which support lifein air, water and soil. It is the zone on Earth in whichall living beings exist.

2. Arrange the following in an increasing order of theirorganisation. Also, complete the missing links in the hierarchy.Cell, Organ, Community, Population, Biosphere

Ans. Cell →→→→→ Tissue →→→→→ Organ →→→→→ Organ system ↓

Community ←←←←← Population ←←←←← Organism↓Ecosystem →→→→→ Biosphere.


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3. Mention the different levels of organisation in a multicellularorganism.

Ans. Cell →→→→→ Tissue →→→→→ Organ →→→→→ Organ system ↓

Community ←←←←← Population ←←←←← Organism ↓Ecosystem →→→→→ Biosphere

4. Explain the relationship between cells, tissues and organs.Ans. A tissue is a group of similarly specialised cells which together

do the same job.An organ is made of different kinds of tissues and performs aspecific function.Cells →→→→→ Tissues →→→→→ Organ

5. Give the functions of each of the following systems:(a) Digestive system (b) Respiratory system(c) Circulatory system (d) Nervous system(e) Excretory system (f) Skeletal system

Describe the structure and functions of different types of animaltissues.

Ans. (a) Digestive system.Function. The main function of digestive system is toconvert complex food into simple and soluble form. Bythis way, it can be absorbed by the blood and produceenergy.

(b) Respiratory system.Function. The main function of respiratory system is toexchange oxygen and carbon dioxide that produce energy.

(c) Circulatory system.Function. It provides body cells with food and oxygenand also collects CO2 and other metabolic waste products.

(d) Nervous system. It is the principal means of


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communication between body parts and controls the bodyparts.

(e) Excretory system.Function. It is to get rid of metabolic wastes from thebody.

(f) Skeletal system.Function. It provides frame work to the body andproduce movement with the help of muscles.

6. How is connective tissue different from other tissues?Ans. Connective tissues are different from other tissues because they

are characterised by cells that produce and maintain a widevariety of extracellular material around themselves. It isextracellular matrix that determines the physiological andphysico-chemical properties of connective tissues.

7. Mention the main characteristics of meristematic tissues.Ans. Meristematic tissues have the ability of cell division. So, these

tissues are present at the growing regions, i.e., the tip of stemand root. They also contribute tip of stem and root. They alsocontribute in thickness due to lateral meristem. The cells ofmeristematic tissues have following characteristics:

(i) The cells are small and thin-walled.(ii) The cells are rich in cytoplasm with prominent nuclei.(iii) The cells lack inter-cellular space and divide activity and

increase the growth.8. Where to we find the meristematic tissue in plants?

Ans. Meristematic tissues have the ability to divide. So, these tissuesare present in the growing regions, i.e., the tip of stems androots. These tissues are also present laterally so, they alsocontribute in thickness.

9. What is the function of meristematic tissues?Ans. The function of meristematic tissues is to contribute towards

growth in length and width of the plant.


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10. Name the different types of plant tissues.Ans. Plant tissues: In plants, two types of tissues are present:

(1) Meristematic tissues (2) Permanent tissues.Permanent tissues can be classified in two ways—Based on their origin(1) Dermal tissue (2) Vascular tissue(3) Ground or fundamental tissue.

Based on the kind of cells.(1) Simple tissues: It is of following types:

(a) Parenchyma (b) Collenchyma (c) Sclerenchyma—(2) Complex tissues: It is of following types:

(a) Xylem (b) Phloem.11. Where are stomata present in a plant cell?

Ans. Stomata are present in the dermal tissue, particularly in thelower epidermis.

12. What is the function of stomata?Ans. Function of stomata: Stomata are specialised pores found

mainly in the epidermis on the upperside of the leaf. Gasesmoves into and out of the leaf through stomata.

13. Name the tissue which takes part in the movement of water andminerals in the body.

Ans. Movement of water and minerals in the plant body occursthrough a complex permanent tissue called xylem.

14. What is a tissue?Ans. Tissue is a group or layer of cells that are alike and work

together to perform a specific function.15. What is the difference between an organ and an organ system?

Ans. Organ. An organ is made of many tissues which work in a co-operative and co-ordiante manner, to perform a specificfunction, e.g. the lung, the kidney are some organs of animals.Organ system. When some organs concerned with onespecific process then it collectively called on organ system. Forexample: Nose, Trachea, bronchi and lungs collectively form anorgan system called respiratory system.


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16. Explain the structure and functions of epithelial tissue.Ans. Epithelial tissue. It is a protective tissue that covers the

external surface of the body in the forms of skin and lines theinternal organs.

The cells of epithelial tissue are very close to each otherwithout intercellular space.

On the basis of the shape of the cells, these tissues isclassified into three types:

(i) Squamous epithelium. These cells are hexagonal orirregular in shape by surface view. This epithelium lines theblood vessels and oesophagus and forms the epidermis ofthe skin.

It provides protection and prevents the entry of micro-organisms.

(ii) Columnar epithelium. The shape of cells are column-like,i.e., height is more then width. Nucleus is present at thebase of cell. It lines the stomach, intestine, pharynx andlarynx.

(iii) Cuboidal epithelium. The cells are cube-shaped i.e.,length and width are almost equal. Nucleus is situated atthe centre of the cell. This epithelium is present in thethyroid gland kidney tubules etc.

17. What are involuntary muscles?Ans. Involuntary muscles. The muscles which are not under the

control or will of animals are called involuntary muscles.Internal organs of human body like alimentary canal are notunder the control of will. So, these organs are made ofinvoluntary muscles.

18. How can you make your cardiac muscles work harder?Ans. Our cardiac muscles work hard because out heart muscles

works continuously and never get tired. A healthy heart doesnot run out of oxygen either. Oxygen comes to the heart directlythrough arteries on its outside surface.

19. Which tissue is responsible for the increase in the height of aplant? Where is it located?


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Ans. Meristematic tissue is responsible for the increase in the heightof a plant. This tissue is located at the tip of roots and stems.

20. What are the differences between parenchyma, collenchymaand sclerenchyma tissues?

Ans. Difference between parenchyma, collenchyma andsclerenchyma

Parenchyma Collenchyma Sclerenchyma(1) The cells may be oval, (1) The cells are either circular, (1) They are also somewhat

spherical or cylindrical- oval or spherical. spherical.shaped.

(2) It is made up of thin- (2) It is made up of cells (2) It is made up of cellswalled cells. thickened at the corner. thickened all over.

(3) It is made of living cells- (3) It is also made of living (3) It is made of dead cellswithout intercellular space. cells and intercellular with no protoplasmic

space generally absent. content.(4) The function of parenchyma (4) This tissue gives strength (4) They also give mechani-

cells is to store food. to the parts in which it is cal strength to the stem.present.

21. What are the various types of cells present in xylem? What aretheir functions?

Ans. Xylem. It is complex permanent tissue. It is composed oftracheids, vessels, fibres and xylem parenchyma.Tracheids are usually long and narrow cells which taper at boththe ends. Vessels are the series of cells which form tube-likestructure. In tracheids and vessels, living protoplasm is absentat maturity. Fibres provide strength to the tissue. Xylemparenchyma is the only living component and help in theconduction of water and to store food.

22. What do you understand by the term ‘organisation’?Ans. The term organisation may be defined as “the manner in which

small units of any structures or system are arranged into largerones and the larger ones into still larger ones in hierarchy wherethe units of each level coordinate with one another towards aparticular goal.”


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23. Give one difference between biological and ecologicalhierarchy.

Ans. Biological hierarchy is lower level of organisation, i.e. it startsfrom cell and end at organism.Ecological hierarchy is higher level of organisation, i.e. it startsfrom populations and end at Biosphere.Cells Organism↓ ↓

Tissue Population↓ ↓

Organs Community↓ ↓

Organ system Ecosystem↓ ↓

Organism Biosphere24. Is cardiac muscle involuntary or voluntary?

Ans. Cardiac muscles are special types of involuntary muscles.25. Bring out one point of difference between:

(a) Bone and cartilage(b) Meristematic and permanent tissue.

Ans. (a) Unlike other connective tissue cartilage does not containblood vessels. Thus, compared to other connectivetissues, cartilage grows and repairs more slowly.

(b) Meristematic tissues have the ability of cell division whilepermanent tissues have no ability of cell division.

26. How do skin and kidney maintain waste balance in the humanbody?

Ans. In our body, extra water is to remove out with the help ofkidneys and skin. Kidneys extract metabolic wastes from theblood and excrete them in the form of urine. The skin removeswater and salts through the sweat glands in the form of sweat.

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27. Give one point of difference between community andecosystem.

Ans. Community is the group of living organism in a specific areawhile ecosystem is formed of the communities by theinteraction with non-living things.

28. Write the names of organ system following is part of(a) Kidney (b) Liver (c) Xylem (d) Ovaries(e) Stomach (f) Trachea (g) Heart (h) Uterus

Ans. (a) Kideny – Excretory system(b) Liver – Digestive system(c) Xylem – Water-conducting system(d) Ovaries – Reproductive system(e) Stomach – Digestive system(f) Trachea – Respiratory system(g) Heart – Circulatory system(h) Uterus – Reproductive system

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ORGANISATION IN THE LIVING THINGS - Testlabz · Biology Class VII 2 Question Bank © EDULABZ TIONAL 8. Which of the following is a protective tissue? (a) Muscular tissue (b) Connective