Organism Organism InteractionInteraction

Limiting FactorsLimiting Factors

Populations cannot grow without Populations cannot grow without stopping because the environment stopping because the environment contains a limited amount of food, water, contains a limited amount of food, water, and living space.and living space.

Limits the size of a populationLimits the size of a population

Carrying CapacityCarrying Capacity

The largest population an environment The largest population an environment can support at any given time.can support at any given time.

When a population grows larger than its When a population grows larger than its carrying capacity the limiting factors in carrying capacity the limiting factors in the environment cause animals to die or the environment cause animals to die or leave.leave.

CompetitionCompetition

CompetitionCompetition occurs occurs when two or more when two or more individuals seek to utilize individuals seek to utilize the same resourcethe same resource

Siafu or Driver Ants Siafu or Driver Ants (Hymenoptera) of Africa (Hymenoptera) of Africa out compete and out compete and consume everything that consume everything that crosses its path, even crosses its path, even cows!!!cows!!!

spirre.blogg.se/m_082005.html

Predators and preyPredators and prey

PredatorsPredators The organism that The organism that

eats the preyeats the prey Must be able to Must be able to

catch their prey to catch their prey to survivesurvive

Name a few ways a Name a few ways a predator can catch predator can catch prey.prey.

PreyPrey The organism that The organism that

is eaten.is eaten. Prey can run, Prey can run,

camouflage, stay camouflage, stay in groups to avoid in groups to avoid getting eaten by getting eaten by predatorspredators

SymbiosisSymbiosis

SymbiosisSymbiosis is a close is a close ecological relationship ecological relationship between the individuals between the individuals of two or more species.   of two or more species.  

Sometimes a symbiotic Sometimes a symbiotic relationship benefits both relationship benefits both speciesspecies

Mutualism, Mutualism, commensalism, commensalism, parasitism, cooperationparasitism, cooperation

Bees (Hymenoptera) Bees (Hymenoptera) and Plants and Plants

www.lhanc.com/Foto%20Fest%202006.htm

MutualismMutualism

MutualismMutualism is an is an association between association between organisms of two different organisms of two different species in which each species in which each member benefits. member benefits.

Ants (Hymenoptera) Ants (Hymenoptera) protect the aphids protect the aphids (Aphididae) and the (Aphididae) and the aphids provide honeydew aphids provide honeydew for the antsfor the ants

http://www.richsoil.com/antsandaphids/ants_aphids_sugar.jpg

CommensalismCommensalism

CommensalismCommensalism is a is a symbiotic relationship symbiotic relationship between two organisms between two organisms of different species in of different species in which one derives some which one derives some benefit while the other is benefit while the other is unaffected. unaffected.

Pseudoscorpions Pseudoscorpions hitching ride on a fly’s hitching ride on a fly’s (Diptera) leg (Diptera) leg

www.discoverlife.org/nh/tx/Arachnida/Scorpionida/

ParasitismParasitism

ParasitismParasitism is a form of is a form of symbiosis in which one symbiosis in which one species benefits at the species benefits at the expense of another expense of another species; similar to species; similar to predation, but acts more predation, but acts more slowly than predators and slowly than predators and may not always kill the may not always kill the host. host.

Parasitized caterpillar Parasitized caterpillar (Lepidoptera), covered with (Lepidoptera), covered with wasp (Hymenoptera) wasp (Hymenoptera) pupae which have pupae which have consumed all internal consumed all internal tissue except vital organstissue except vital organs

http://entweb.clemson.edu/cuentres/cesheets/benefici/ce174.htm

CooperationCooperation

CooperationCooperation is the is the act of working or act of working or acting together acting together

Ants and bees Ants and bees colonies work togethercolonies work together

Polyergus samuraiPolyergus samurai (left) raid and capture (left) raid and capture pupae of pupae of Formica Formica japonicajaponica (right) and (right) and use them as workers use them as workers when they emergewhen they emerge

ant.edb.miyakyo-u.ac.jp/.../4445/4445j.html

http://ant.edb.miyakyo-u.ac.jp/IMAGEE/00027.HTM

Predator and PreyPredator and Prey

PredationPredation describes an describes an interaction where a interaction where a predatorpredator species kills and species kills and eats other organisms, eats other organisms, known as known as preyprey..

Sometimes, predators Sometimes, predators themselves become prey.themselves become prey.

Praying mantis captures Praying mantis captures grasshopper.grasshopper.

Anole captures and eats Anole captures and eats praying mantis.praying mantis.

www.bcps.org www.answers.com/topic/carolina-anole-1

Think about these Think about these examples?examples?

Anemone and clown fishAnemone and clown fish Deer, elk, and grassDeer, elk, and grass Dog and tickDog and tick TermitesTermites Hawk and rabbitHawk and rabbit Remora and sharkRemora and shark