Organism response vocab

1. Ecosystem eco-environment or habitat

• all the living and nonliving things that interact in an area p.266

• Example- hawks, ferrets, badgers, snakes, eagles, soil, rocks, temperature, water

2. Habitat

• The place where an organism lives and that provides the things it needs to survive.

• Needs: food, water, shelter, and other things it needs to live, grow, and reproduce from its surroundings.

3. Biotic factor Bio- life, of living things

• a living part of an ecosystem p.267

• Example- hawks, ferrets, badgers and eagles, trees

4. Abiotic factor a- not, without

• a nonliving part of an ecosystem p.268

• Examples- water, sunlight, oxygen (air), temperature (weather), soil, rocks, & mountains

5. Organism

•A living thing

6. Population

• all the members of one species in a particular area p. 269

• Example- prairie dogs

7. Society

• A closely related population of animals that work together for

the benefit of the whole group.

• Example: bee hive. Beavers, ant hill, school

8. Community Com- with, together

• all the different populations that live together in an area

• p. 270• Example-

hawks, ferrets, badgers, eagles

What differences do you see?

9. Immigration Im- before, in

• Moving into a population.

• Birds immigrate to Mexico (south)

10.Emigration Em- before, to go into, onto

• Leaving a population.

• Birds emigrated from Chicago (north)

11. Limiting factors

• an environmental factor that prevents a population from increasing p. 277

• Examples-

food, space, weather conditions

PopulationSame species, same area

Organisms enter

population

Organisms leave

population

Birth Immigration

Death Emigration

All populations in an area make

a community

Population density is number of organisms in an area

Size of population is limited by food, space and climate

Carrying capacity of population is maximum number of organisms it can support

12. Producer Pro- in favor of, forward

• An organism

that can make its own food.

• autotroph

13. Consumer

• An organism that obtains energy by feeding on other organisms.

• hetrotroph

14. Decomposer

• Organism that breaks down the large molecules from waste and the remains of dead organisms into small molecules and returns important materials to the soil and water

15. Food chain

• The series of events in which one organism eats another, resulting in a flow of energy among the organisms involved.

16. Food web

• The pattern of overlapping food chains in an ecosystem.

17. Energy pyramid- diagram that shows the energy flow in a

community

Most energy

Sun = photosynthesis

1st level consumers- herbivores

2nd level consumers

3rd level consumers

4th level- least energy

producers

18. Energy

• Ability to do work or cause change

19. Matter

• Anything that has mass and occupies space

20. BiomassBio- life, of living things

• The living or formerly living material in an ecosystem.

21. Stimulus

• a change in an organism’s surroundings that causes the organism to respond p. 124 – temperature change= cold outside

22. Response

• an actions or change in behavior that occurs as a result of a stimulus p. 125

23. Internal stimuli In- in, into

• a change from within an organism that causes the organism to respond p. 124

• Examples-hunger, thirst, hormones

24. External stimuli Ex- out

• a change in an organism’s surrounding that causes the organism to react. P.124

• Examples- temperature, light, sound

25. tropism

• The growth response of a plant toward (+) or away

(-)from a stimulus

• Respond to touch- positive

Positive tropisms

• Positive tropism- plant grows toward stimulus– Vines coiling = touch– Grow toward light (phototropism) = light– Roots grow downward (geotropism) = gravity

Negative tropisms

Negative tropisms- plant grows away from stimulus

– stems grow upward against gravity

Negative to gravity, but positive to light

Roots are positive to gravity, negative to light

26. hormone

• Chemical that effects growth and development

• Fruit, flowers, shedding leaves

27. PhototropismPhoto- light

• Plant response to light

• All the sunflowers are facing the same way- towards the sun

28. Geotropismgeo- Geo- land, earth, ground,

soil • Plant response

to gravity

29. respiration

• Producers take in carbon dioxide gas during photosynthesis.

• They use the carbon from the carbon dioxide to produce sugars and starches that are stored in their bodies.

• A consumer then eats plants.• It obtains energy from these

molecules by breaking them down into simpler molecules.

• Carbon dioxide gas is released as a waste product of respiration.

Cellular respiration• The process by

which cells break down simple food molecules to release the energy they contain.

• Cellular respiration occurs in the

mitochondria of an organism’s cells.

Cellular respiration- equation

Cells use the sugar and oxygen to make carbon dioxide and water

30. PhotosynthesisPhoto- light

• The process by which plants and some other organisms capture light energy and use it to make food from carbon dioxide and water.

Photosynthesis- chemical equation

Makes sugar and oxygen

sun

The cycles work together!

Nitrogen cycle- bacteria break down waste- releasing nitrogen into the

air- the bunny eats the plant, eventually dies and returns to the

soil and the cycle continuesAir = 78% nitrogen