Organization Of The Human Body Maintaining Homeostasis
Slide 2
Definition of Anatomy & Physiology AnatomyAnatomy
Structures Relationship of structures Tortora Page: 2
Slide 3
Definition of Anatomy & Physiology PhysiologyPhysiology
Function of structures Tortora Page: 2
Slide 4
William HarveyWilliam Harvey 1578 - 1657 First to observe heart
and circulation. First to notice differences between warm and cold
blooded animals. William Harvey First Real Anatomist
Slide 5
Levels of Structural Organization ChemicalChemical
CellularCellular TissueTissue OrganOrgan Organ systemOrgan system
OrganismOrganism Tortora Page: 2
Slide 6
Integration of Body Systems 10 organ systems10 organ systems
IntegratedIntegrated Strength of systems.Strength of systems.
Specialization therefore efficiency Weakness of systems.Weakness of
systems. interdependence Tortora Page: 2-4
Slide 7
Unifying Processes of Life MetabolismMetabolism Catabolism Vs
Anabolism ResponsivenessResponsiveness MovementMovement
GrowthGrowth # of cells, cell size, space around cells.
DifferentiationDifferentiation ReproductionReproduction Cells
Organism Tortora Page: 5
Slide 8
Maintaining An Internal Balance HomeostasisHomeostasis Range of
tolerance.Range of tolerance. Optimal conditionsOptimal conditions
Tortora Page: 5-7
Slide 9
Role of Stress & Homeostasis Homeostasis.Homeostasis.
Maintaining an internal balance. Role of stress.Role of stress.
Environmental factor that could alter the balance. Tortora Page:
5-7
Slide 10
Homeostasis and Blood Pressure Blood pressure is force behind
blood as it flows through arteries.Blood pressure is force behind
blood as it flows through arteries. Systolic Vs Diastolic
pressureSystolic Vs Diastolic pressure Increase heart rate and
stroke volume increase BP.Increase heart rate and stroke volume
increase BP. Tortora Page: 5-7
Slide 11
Slide 12
Homeostasis and Blood Pressure Pressure sensitive nerves in
arteries sense higher BP.Pressure sensitive nerves in arteries
sense higher BP. Nerves send signal to brain.Nerves send signal to
brain. Brain sends signals to slow heart rate.Brain sends signals
to slow heart rate. Tortora Page: 5-7
Slide 13
Feedback Systems Feedback systems are either negative or
positive.Feedback systems are either negative or positive. Negative
feedback systems correct deviations due to stress. Positive
accentuate the action. Most feedback systems in the human body are
negative. Positive feedback mechanisms are regulated by negative
feedback loops. Tortora Page: 6
Slide 14
Regulation of Glucose Levels The glucose roller coaster: The
glucose roller coaster: Low levels after sleep. High levels after 3
donuts and hot chocolate for breakfast! Low levels by lunch. High
levels after lunch of hershey candy and pepsi ! Low levels by 2:00
Page 327 Tortora
Slide 15
Regulation of Glucose Levels Excess glucose:Excess glucose:
Insulin is secreted by islets of Langerhans (beta cells) in
pancreas.Insulin is secreted by islets of Langerhans (beta cells)
in pancreas. Absorbed by liver cells which converts glucose to
glycogen. (polysaccharide) Causes cells to take in glucose Page 327
Tortora
Slide 16
Regulation of Glucose Levels When blood glucose levels are
low:When blood glucose levels are low: Glucagon is secreted by
alpha cells in pancreas Glycogen is broken down into glucose and
released into blood. Glucose levels surrounding the cells stays
fairly even through out the day. Page 327 Tortora
Slide 17
Basic Anatomical Position 1.Individual is standing upright.
2.Arms placed at sides of the body. 3.Palms facing forward. 4.Feet
flat on floor, toes forward. Tortora Page: 7-15
Slide 18
Directional Terms Used to locate various body structures in
relationship to each other.Used to locate various body structures
in relationship to each other. Superior Vs Inferior (Cranial Vs
Caudal) Anterior Vs Posterior ((Ventral Vs Dorsal) Medial Vs
Lateral Intermediate Proximal Vs Distal Superficial Vs Deep Taken
from Exibit 1.2 Tortora Page: 2
Slide 19
Planes & Sections Imaginary flat surfaces through the
body.Imaginary flat surfaces through the body. Sagittal plane
MidsagittalMidsagittal ParasagitalParasagital Frontal plane
Transverse Tortora Page: 7-15
Slide 20
Body Cavities Spaces within the body that contain organs.Spaces
within the body that contain organs. Ventral body cavityVentral
body cavity Thoracic (heart& lungs) Pericaridal
cavityPericaridal cavity Pleural cavityPleural cavity Abdominal
(digestive, liver, reproductive) Lining of cavity is called the
peritoneumLining of cavity is called the peritoneum Tortora Page:
7-15