Organizing the ElementsChapter 3

Intro to ATOMS Particles of Atoms include:

Nucleus-center core

Protons-positive

Neutrons-no charge

Electrons-negative and moves rapidly (e-)

Atoms and ElementsElements identified by

Number of protons in the nucleus of its atom

Each element has a unique atomic number-the number of protons in its nucleus

Carbon – 6 Oxygen – 8 Iron – 26

However, the number of neutrons will vary

Same protons, different neutrons = isotopes

isotopes identified by mass number

A. Who? Dmitri Mendeleev

1. Russian scientist2. First observed elements 3. Similar physical and

chemical properties4. Noticed patterns:

Ex: Florine & Chlorine both gases/irritate lungsEx: Silver & Copper both shiny/tarnish in air

5. Invented 1st Periodic Table

Ch. 3.2

B. Today’s Periodic Table

1. Arranged by increasing atomic number

2. Atomic number = protons in the nucleus

nucleus

C. Information on the Periodic Table

26

FeIron

55.847

Atomic Number

Atomic Symbol

Name of Element

Atomic Mass

-elements arranged by this number

Elements SongThere's antimony, arsenic, aluminum, selenium, And hydrogen and oxygen and nitrogen and rhenium,

And nickel, neodymium, neptunium, germanium, And iron, americium, ruthenium, uranium,

Europium, zirconium, lutetium, vanadium, And lanthanum and osmium and astatine and radium,

And gold and protactinium and indium and gallium, And iodine and thorium and thulium and thallium.

 

There's yttrium, ytterbium, actinium, rubidium, And boron, gadolinium, niobium, iridium,

And strontium and silicon and silver and samarium, And bismuth, bromine, lithium, beryllium, and barium.

 

There's holmium and helium and hafnium and erbium, And phosphorus and francium and fluorine and terbium,

And manganese and mercury, molybdenum, magnesium, Dysprosium and scandium and cerium and cesium.

And lead, praseodymium, and platinum, plutonium, Palladium, promethium, potassium, polonium,

And tantalum, technetium, titanium, tellurium, And cadmium and calcium and chromium and curium.

There's sulfur, californium, and fermium, berkelium, And also mendelevium, einsteinium, nobelium,

And argon, krypton, neon, radon, xenon, zinc, and rhodium, And chlorine, carbon, cobalt, copper, tungsten, tin, and sodium.

 

These are the only ones of which the news has come to Harvard,

And there may be many others, but they haven't been discovered.

C solid

Hg liquid

gas

metals

metalloid

nonmetal

Turn to Page 84-85 in your book and color/copy the table like the one in your book

Families (Groups) and Periods

Vertical: Families/Groups (columns) are have similar properties

Horizontal: Periods have series of different elements not alike

Metals Chapter 3.3

Properties of Metals

1. Hardness

2. Shininess3. Malleability -pounded into shape4. Ductility -pulled out into a long wire5. Reactivity -combines or reacts to other metals

Alloys A mixture of metals

Brass = copper + zinc Bronze = copper + tin Stainless Steel = carbon + chromium + vanadium

Nonmetals and MetalloidsCh. 3.4

Properties of Nonmetals

Nonmetals-lack most of the properties of metals

1. Dull2. Brittle3. Low densities4. Poor Conductors of heat and electricity

Properties of Metalloids

1. Some characteristics of both metals and nonmetals

2. Most common-silicon

3. Semiconductor-ability to carry electricity Used for computer chips, transistors, lasers