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Origins of Islam Muhammad the prophet Arabian Peninsula –Mecca and Medina Revelations of Muhammad forms the basis of the Islamic religion Monotheistic

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Page 1: Origins of Islam Muhammad the prophet Arabian Peninsula –Mecca and Medina Revelations of Muhammad forms the basis of the Islamic religion Monotheistic
Page 2: Origins of Islam Muhammad the prophet Arabian Peninsula –Mecca and Medina Revelations of Muhammad forms the basis of the Islamic religion Monotheistic

Origins of Islam

• Muhammad the prophet• Arabian Peninsula

– Mecca and Medina

• Revelations of Muhammad forms the basis of the Islamic religion

• Monotheistic faith

Page 3: Origins of Islam Muhammad the prophet Arabian Peninsula –Mecca and Medina Revelations of Muhammad forms the basis of the Islamic religion Monotheistic

Muhammad

Page 4: Origins of Islam Muhammad the prophet Arabian Peninsula –Mecca and Medina Revelations of Muhammad forms the basis of the Islamic religion Monotheistic

Spread of Islam• Started on the Arabian

Peninsula• Spread across Asia and

Africa and into Spain• Geographic extent of

First Muslim empire• Trade and Conquest• Expanded rapidly

Page 5: Origins of Islam Muhammad the prophet Arabian Peninsula –Mecca and Medina Revelations of Muhammad forms the basis of the Islamic religion Monotheistic

The spread of Islam

Page 6: Origins of Islam Muhammad the prophet Arabian Peninsula –Mecca and Medina Revelations of Muhammad forms the basis of the Islamic religion Monotheistic

Beliefs, Traditions, and Custioms

• Monotheism

• Allah, Arabic word for God

• Quran (koran) The word of God – Written only in Arabic

• Acceptance of Judeo-Christian Prophets– Abraham, Moses, and Jesus

• Five Pillars of Islam

Page 7: Origins of Islam Muhammad the prophet Arabian Peninsula –Mecca and Medina Revelations of Muhammad forms the basis of the Islamic religion Monotheistic

Five Pillars

Page 8: Origins of Islam Muhammad the prophet Arabian Peninsula –Mecca and Medina Revelations of Muhammad forms the basis of the Islamic religion Monotheistic

Five Pillars of Islam

• Faith

• Pray

• Almsgiving

• Fasting during the month of Ramadan

• Hajj Pilgrimage to Mecca

Page 9: Origins of Islam Muhammad the prophet Arabian Peninsula –Mecca and Medina Revelations of Muhammad forms the basis of the Islamic religion Monotheistic

Geographic influence

• Diffusion along trade routes from Mecca and Medina

• Expansion despite great distances, desert environments, and mountain barriers

Spread into the Fertile Crescent, Iran, and Central Asia

• Facilitated by weakening of Byzantine and Persian Empires

Page 10: Origins of Islam Muhammad the prophet Arabian Peninsula –Mecca and Medina Revelations of Muhammad forms the basis of the Islamic religion Monotheistic

Muslim Influences on Economic, social,& political development

• Arabic language spread with Islam and Facilitated trade across Islamic lands

• Arabic language stimulated intellectual activity

• Slavery was not based on race

• Political unity of the first Muslim empire was short lived.

Page 11: Origins of Islam Muhammad the prophet Arabian Peninsula –Mecca and Medina Revelations of Muhammad forms the basis of the Islamic religion Monotheistic

Historical Turning Points

• Sunni-Shi’s Division– Split over the question of who should have succeeded

Mohammed– Successor of Muhammad– Sunni (Majority) is selected or elected– Shi’s (Minority) successor must be direct descendant

of the Prophet’s family

• Muslim conquest of Jerusalem and Damascus• Battle of Tours

Page 12: Origins of Islam Muhammad the prophet Arabian Peninsula –Mecca and Medina Revelations of Muhammad forms the basis of the Islamic religion Monotheistic

Art and Architecture

Page 13: Origins of Islam Muhammad the prophet Arabian Peninsula –Mecca and Medina Revelations of Muhammad forms the basis of the Islamic religion Monotheistic

Cultural Contributions and Achievements

• Translation of ancient texts into Arabic

• Universities• Arabic alphabet

Page 14: Origins of Islam Muhammad the prophet Arabian Peninsula –Mecca and Medina Revelations of Muhammad forms the basis of the Islamic religion Monotheistic

Islamic Architecture

Page 15: Origins of Islam Muhammad the prophet Arabian Peninsula –Mecca and Medina Revelations of Muhammad forms the basis of the Islamic religion Monotheistic
Page 17: Origins of Islam Muhammad the prophet Arabian Peninsula –Mecca and Medina Revelations of Muhammad forms the basis of the Islamic religion Monotheistic

Mosacis

Page 18: Origins of Islam Muhammad the prophet Arabian Peninsula –Mecca and Medina Revelations of Muhammad forms the basis of the Islamic religion Monotheistic

Scientific Contributions and Achievements

• Arabic numerals ( adapted from India) including zero

• Algebra• Medicine• Expansion of

geographic knowledge