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Dr Mohammad Khursheed Alam
Senior Lecturer
Orthodontic Unit
School of Dental Science
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Orthodontics
Reason For Beautiful Smile
2
First Published November 2011
copy Dr Mohammad Khursheed Alam
copy All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system
or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic mechanical photocopying recording or
otherwise without prior permission of authors or publisher
ISBN 978-967-5547-53-9
Correspondance
Dr Mohammad Khursheed Alam
Senior Lecturer
Orthodontic Unit
School of Dental Science
Health Campus Universiti Sains Malaysia
dralamgmailcom
dralamkkusmmy
Published by
KKMED Publication
Jabatan Pendidikan Perubatan Pusat Pengajian Sains Perubatan
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Kubang Kerian 16150 Kota Bharu Kelatan
Published in Malaysia
3
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1| Prof Iida Junichiro Chairman Orthodontics Department
Hokkaido University Japan
2| Asst Professor Kajii S Takashi Orthodontics
Department Hokkaido University Japan
3| Prof Amirul Islam Principal Bangladesh Dental College
4| Asso Prof Lamiya Chowdhury Ex Head Orthodontics
Department Sapporo Dental College
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11
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13
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14
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15
`uvDaggerZi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb wbfcopyi KDaggeri `vuDaggerZi AKnotzmb ev DcDaggerii cvwUi `uvZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi
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1| bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZ cedilDaggerjv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZ MyDaggerjvi Zzjbvq msLumlvMZ w`K w`Daggerq
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(Mesio Buccal Cusp) wbDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclb `uvDaggerZi mvgDaggerb Ges evwnDaggerii
gvSvgvwS daggerh uvDaggerZ bumlvq RvqMvq (Buccal Groove) Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
4| DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerQ`b `uvZ wbDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerQ`b Ges AMOumlDaggerclb (1st Premolar)
Gi gaumleZxcopy dvuKv macrrsquovDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
5| wbDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji KZcopyb `uvDaggerZi wKbviv (Incisal Edge) DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji KZcopyb `uvDaggerZi
cbdquoocircDagger`k (Zvjyi w`DaggerK) Gi gaumleZxcopy macrrsquovDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere| hv nDaggerZ nDaggere mwVK `yiZiexcl Ges
mwVK Kvgo mcurrenuacutebœ|
ZvnDaggerj dagger`ix daggerKb Gparazbx 1 wgwbU Avqbvi mvgDaggerb `vwoDaggerq dagger`DaggerL daggerbB AvgvDagger`i `uvZ Ges
`uvDaggerZi Kvgo Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb iDaggerqDaggerQ wK bv
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16
GKwesk kZvatildexDaggerZ wPwKrmv weAacutevb DbœwZi Pig wkLDaggeri Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerQ| GB DbœwZi
daggerRvqvDaggerii mvDagger_ Zvj wgwjDaggerq `šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi AbumlZg cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy kvLv ADagger_vcopyWbwmqv I
GLb AvDaggeriv DbœZ| bvbvwea RwUj mgmumlvi mgvavb nDagger‛Q ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg|
Avmyb Avgiv cwiwPZ nB KZcedilDaggerjv cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy mgmumlvi mDaggerfrac12 hvi mgvavb Lye mnDaggerRB wPwKrmvi
gvaumlDaggerg Kiv hvq|
1 microvDwWs Crowding
GB aiDaggerYi mgmumlvq dagger`Lv hvq daggerPvqvDaggerj `vuZcedilDaggerjv AvuKv evuKv nDaggerq Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerQ ev
daggerPvqvDaggerj chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKvi KviDaggerY GK `vuZ Abuml `vuDaggerZi Dci DDaggerV daggerMDaggerQ|
microvDwWs Crowding
2 daggermacruacutewms (Spacing)
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS
dvuKv RvqMv _vKv|
17
3 wWmDaggercshymDaggergrsaquoU (Displacement)
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq GKwU `vuDaggerZi daggerh RvqMvq Aemacrrsquovb Kivi K_v daggermLvb dagger_DaggerK mDaggeri Abuml
RvqMvq PDaggerj hvq|
wWmDaggercshymDaggergrsaquoU
(Displacement)
4 GKDaggerUvwcK Bivcmb (Ectopic Eruption)
`vuZ Zvi wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV Abuml daggerKvb `vuDaggerZi RvqMvq ev Abuml daggerKvb
Amacr^vfvweK AemacrrsquovDaggerb DDaggerV|
GKDaggerUvwcK Bivcmb
(Ectopic Eruption)
5 Cross Bite ev DDaggereumlv Kvgo Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii daggerPqvDaggerji
mvgDaggerbi `vuZ cedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `uvZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL Ges DcDaggerii
daggerPvqvDaggerji wcQDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ mvgvbuml evBDaggerii
18
w`DaggerK _vDaggerK| GDaggerK Normal Bite ev macr^vfvweK Kvgo eDaggerj| GB Aemacrrsquovi DDaggereumlvwU hLb
NDaggerU ZLb ZvDaggerK Cross Bite ev DDaggereumlv Kvgo eDaggerj|
Cross Bite
ev DDaggereumlv Kvgo
6 (IDaggercb evBU) Open bite
Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerii cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi daggerPqvDaggerji
cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi GKwU macruacutekcopy _vDaggerK| daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` Kvgo dagger`qv Ae rsquovq DcDaggerii cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi msmacruacutekcopy bv _vDaggerK Ges Gi dDaggerj `yB cvwU `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS
dvuKv _vDaggerK ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Open bite eDaggerj|
IDaggercb evBU
(Open bite)
7 wWc evBU (Deep bite)
Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi
GK ZhellipZxqvsk daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL| wKšlsquo daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi cyDaggerivUv daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL ZLb ZvDaggerK Deep bite ev daggerewk Kvgo eDaggerj|
19
(wWc evBU) Deep bite
8 Knotvm 2 gumlvjAKnotzmb
(Class II malocclusion Division 1) GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ macr^vfvweDaggerKi daggerPDaggerq ADaggerbK mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| DcDaggerii cvwUcopyi mvgDaggerbi
`vZcedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK DuPz nq|
Knotvm 2 wWwfkb 1 gumlvjAvKnotzmb
11 Knotvm 3 gumlvjAKnotzmb (Class III Malocclusion)
20
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi cvwcopyUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL
ev DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi Inscisal Edge GDaggerK AcDaggerii DcDaggeri Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| hvDaggerK
Edge To Edge Bite eDaggerj|
Knotvm 3 gumlvjAKnotzmb
12 Zvjy KvUv I daggerVvuU KvUv t
GwU GKwU RbyenMZ mgmumlv ADaggerbDaggerK iumlay daggerVvU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv Avevi ADaggerbDaggerK Dfq
mgmumlv wbDaggerqB RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| AwfAacute wPwKrmKebdquoDaggerrsaquo`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutevi gvaumlDaggerg mwVK
mgDaggerq mwVK wPwKrmv w`Daggerq daggerVvuU I Zvjy KvUv fvDaggerjv Kiv AvRKvj daggerKvb mgmumlvB bq|
21
Zvjy KvUv
daggerVvuU KvUv
DcDaggerii AvDaggerjvPbvq Avwg wKQy mgmumlv Lye mnR fvlvq AvcbvDagger`i eySvDaggerZ daggerPoacutev KDaggeriwQ|
GmKj mgmumlvi mswparaszlig weeiY wfZDaggerii cOumlwZwU AaumlvDaggerq dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev KiwQ|
22
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PROF IIDA JUN ICHI RO DR SAGOR amp
PROF TT YAMAMOTO AT KOREA
23
At IADR Seminar USA
Avcwb nqDaggerZvev Avcbvi wbDaggerRi A_ev daggerKvb wcOumlqRDaggerbi AvuKv evuKv `vuZ wbDaggerq LyeB
`ywethšmdashvMOumlmacr mdash| mywPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg Orthodontist AvcbvDaggerK GB `ywethšmdashv dagger_DaggerK gysup3 KiDaggerZ
cvDaggerib| wKšlsquo Avcwb wK RvDaggerbb daggerKb `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPz bxPz nq Avmyb bxDaggerPi AvDaggerjvPbvi
gvaumlDaggerg Avgiv cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy GB cOumlkœwUi DEumli LyuDaggerR daggerbB|
wewfbœ wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv wewfbœfvDaggere `vuZ AvuKv-evuKv nevi KviY mg~nDaggerK daggerkordfYxetimes
KDaggeriDaggerQb| AvcbvDagger`i Rvbvi myweavDagger_copy Lye mnR fvlvq `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi KviY mg~n wbDaggerP
dagger`qv njt
1| RbyenMZ KviY t K) wkiuml hw` daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| L) wkiumli
RDaggerbyeni mgq gv_vq AvNvZ daggercDaggerj| M) wewfbœ JlDaggerai cvkbrvbarcopy cOumlwZmicroqvi Rbuml|
2| eskMZ KviDaggerYt daggerPvqvj Lye daggerewk eo ev daggerQvU nDaggerj| daggerPvqvDaggerj me `vuZ aDaggeri
ivLvi gZ chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKDaggerj|
3| niDaggergvDaggerbi wewfbœ mgmumlv daggerhgbt Cretinism acromegali _vKDaggerj|
4| daggerPvqvj ev `vuDaggerZi bxDaggerP daggerKvb wUDgvi _vKDaggerj ev AvNvZ daggercDaggerj|
5| fyj ctimeswZDaggerZ Lvevi wMjDaggerj (Improper Swallowing)|
6| gyDaggerL daggerKvb `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKDaggerj|
7| `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AvKhellipwZ Amacr^vfvweK nDaggerj|
8| gyDaggerL AwZwisup3 daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj|
9| DaggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi gDaggerauml jydegvwqZ _vKDaggerj|
10| wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya `vuZ daggerdDaggerj w`Daggerj|
11| `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi ciI ADaggerbKw`b aDaggeri gyDaggerL Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerj|
12| macrrsquovqx daggerKvb `vuZ bv _vKDaggerj|
13| macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVDaggerZ dagger`ix KiDaggerj|
14| AvNvZ daggercDaggerj|
15| DaggerKvb `vuZ mnRfvDaggere DVDaggerZ euml_copy nDaggerj|
16| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv dagger`qv cOumlfbdquowZ AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi
cOumlavb KviYmg~nDaggerZv RvbDaggerjb| Avmyb bv Rvbv AacutevbUvDaggerK KvDaggerR jvMvB| DcDaggerivsup3
24
KviYmg~n hw` KvDaggeriv gvDaggerS dagger`LDaggerZ cvB ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY
KiDaggerZ ewj|
hLb KvDaggeriv gv_vq PzDaggerji cwigvb macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ Kg _vDaggerK ZLb ZvDaggerK KZB bv
`ywethšmdashv MOumlmacr mdash dagger`Lvq| gv_vi Pzjwenxb dvuKv macrrsquovb wKfvDaggere `~i Kiv hvq Zv wbDaggerq daggerhb wPšmdashvi daggerkl
_vDaggerK bv| wVK daggerZgwbfvDaggere wKQy gvbyDaggerli `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMv dagger`Lv hvq| ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcirc
Zviv Abuml gvbyDaggerli mvgDaggerb K_v ejDaggerZ GgbwK cOumlvb LyDaggerj nvmDaggerZI Amacr^wmacrmdash daggereva KDaggeri| hviv dvuKv
`vuDaggerZi mgmumlv fyMDaggerQb ZvDagger`i `ywethšmdashvi w`b daggerkl| ADagger_copyvWbwUKm wPwKrmvi KjumlvDaggerb dvuKv
`vuDaggerZi wPwKrmv GLb Avi daggerKvb mgmumlvB bq|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy
wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
25
mvaviY ADagger_copy Spacing ejDaggerZ Avgiv dvuKv macrrsquovb eywS| wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi fvlvq hLb
g yDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb daggerKvb `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMv _vDaggerK ZLb ZvDaggerK Spacing eDaggerj|
cOumlKviDaggerf` t Spacing `yB aiDaggerYi nDaggerq _vDaggerK|
1) Generalized Spacing daggerPvqvDaggerji me ev AwaKvsk `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv
_vKDaggerj|
2) Localized Spacing `yB ev ZDaggerZvwaK `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerj|
DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `ywU `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerj ZvDaggerK Median
Diastema eDaggerj|
Spacing ev dvuKvi KviY t
1 daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq `vuDaggerZi AvKvi hw` daggerQvU nq
2 RbyenMZfvDaggere daggerKvb `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKDaggerj|
3 Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj|
4 DaggerKvb `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AwZ paraz`ordf nDaggerj|
5 `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerj|
6 wmdivide wUDgvi _vKDaggerj|
7 wRnŸv eo _vKDaggerj| (macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ)
8 `vuZ wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK NyDaggeri daggerMDaggerj
9 GQvov daggerVuvU ev MvDaggerji KviDaggerY A_ev AwZwisup3 daggerKvb `vuZ gyDaggerL _vKDaggerj Zv cvDaggerki
`vuZDaggerK Pressure w`Daggerq mwiDaggerq Spacing KDaggeri|
Spacing wKfvDaggere wbYcopyq Kiv nq t
K) DaggerivMxi gyL MnŸi chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri
L) DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZiƒc ev Model dagger`DaggerL
M) x-ray dagger`DaggerL|
26
Spacing Gi Amyweav mg~nt
duvKv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI daggerivMxi Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv K_v ejvi
mgq daggerKvb daggerKvb katilde macruacuteoacutefvDaggere D‛PviDaggerY mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt
Spacing Gi wPwKrmv Kivi c~Daggerecopy daggerivMxi BwZnvm fvDaggerjvfvDaggere RvbDaggerZ nDaggere Ges
Spacing Gi mcurrencentveuml KviY mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggerZ nDaggere| hw` daggerivMxi Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK
hvi Rbuml `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMvi mbdquowoacute nDagger‛Q ZDaggere daggermB Afumlvm ev` dagger`qvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| ZviciI hw` daggerivMx Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere Habit breaking
appliance eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere| daggerKvb
TumourCyst _vKDaggerj Zv AcmviY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Spacing hw` Lye mvgvbuml cwigvDaggerY nq
Ges daggerivMxi hw` daggerKvb AwfDaggerhvM bv _vDaggerK ZDaggere wPwKrmv bv KivDaggerj I PDaggerj| ZDaggere Spacing
ADaggerbK daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontics wPwKrmv jvMDaggere| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri
wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wK aiDaggerYi wPwKrmv w`Daggereb| Spacing wVK Kivi Rbuml yB aiDaggerYi hšiquest ev
appliance use Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Removable Appliance)
Orthodontist `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ Fixed KDaggeri Appliance wU jvwMDaggerq w`Daggereb
(Fixed appliance) hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggerebv|
hw` `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mvgvbuml dvuKv _vDaggerK ZDaggere `vuDaggerZi iDaggerOi mvDagger_ wgwjDaggerq Filling Kiv
daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
GQvov gyDaggerLi Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS KhellipwIcircg `vuZ ewmDaggerq I Spacing Correction Kiv hvq| DaggerZv
Avcbvi hw` _vDaggerK dvuKv `vuDaggerZi mgmumlv ZDaggere PDaggerj Avmyb AwfAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ| wPwKrmv
KwiDaggerq `vuDaggerZi dvuKv wVK Kisbquob cOumlvY LyDaggerj nvmyb Avi nDaggerq DVyb AvKlcopyYxq|
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mvaviYfvDaggere Crowding ejDaggerZ daggerKvb wKQyi AvwaKumlDaggerK daggerevSvq| wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi
fvlvq gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKvi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi macr^vfvweK webumlvm evavMOumlmacrrsquo nDaggerq daggerh
wekbdquoldquoLjZv mbdquowoacute nq ZvDaggerK Crowding eDaggerj|
KviYmg~nt wewfbœ KviDaggerY gyDaggerL Crowding nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Zvi gDaggerauml DDaggerjshyLDaggerhvMuml
KviYmg~n bxDaggerP Dagger`qv njt
1 gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AvKhellipwZi mvgAumlmuml bv _vKDaggerj|
2 `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj|
3 `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi ADaggerbK AvDaggerM cDaggero daggerMDaggerj
4 macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVDaggerZ dagger`ix nDaggerj
5 AvNvZ daggercDaggerj
6 DaggerKvb `vuZ evowZ _vKDaggerj
7 Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj
28
8 daggerPvqvj macr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes bv daggercDaggerj
Crowding wbYcopyqt
1 daggerivMxi gyLMnŸi chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri|
2 DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Model ev cOumlwZiƒc dagger`DaggerL
3 GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL|
Crowding Gi djvdj t
`vuDaggerZi Dci cOumlfvet Gi dDaggerj `vuZ Zvi wbDaggerRi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK NyDaggeri daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri
`vuZ daggernDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri GgbwK daggerKvb daggerKvb `vuZ bvI DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Dci cOumlfve t
1 DaggerivMx mvgvwRKfvDaggere wewfbœ mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
2 DaggermŠrsaquo`hcopynvwb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
3 `vuZ wVKgZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ bv cvivi KviDaggerY `vuZ I gvwoi wewfbœ daggerivDaggerM Avmicrovšmdash
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
4 nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmv t
1 cOumlwZDaggerivag~jK eumlemacrrsquovt
hw` daggerivMxi cwievDaggeri KvDaggeriv `vuDaggerZ Crowding _vDaggerK ZDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist-Gi chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ covi mwVK mgq bv Avmv chcopyšmdash `ya `vuZDaggerK msiparaY Kivi daggerPoacutev KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggerKvb paraqDaggerivM dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerZ daggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml
boacute bv nq|
Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj ZumlvM KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ mwVK mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj Zv wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq daggerdDaggerj dagger`qvi eumlemacrrsquov KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
29
gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere avivevwnKfvDaggere wbw`copyoacute wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerK
wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi fvlvq Serial extraction ejv nq|
2 msDaggerkvab g~jK eumlemacrrsquov t
K) DaggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml evovDaggerbv
DaggerPvqvjDaggerK cOumlmvwiZ Kiv
mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK wKQyUv DuPz Kiv
Daggergvjvi `vuZDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerUDaggerb Daggerbqv
vuDaggerZi AvKvi daggerQvU KDaggeri daggerdjv
`vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjv t
Crowding Gi cwigvY Lye daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontist wVK KiDaggereb daggerKvb `vuZwU
daggerdjDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
Crowding Lye daggerewk nDaggerj ev gvSvwi aiDaggerYi nDaggerj Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggerq
Removable ev Fixed daggerh daggerKvb GK aiDaggerYi appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggereb|
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30
Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi
msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy AvDaggerm| wKšlsquo daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` DcDaggerii cvwUcopyi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy bv
AvDaggerm Ges Gi dDaggerj DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi cvwUcopyi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mecopy`v dvuKv macrrsquovb _vDaggerK Ges gyL
mcurrenuacute~YcopyiƒDaggerc eUuml bv nq ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Open Bite eDaggerj|
mvaviYfvDaggere Open Bite ejDaggerZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi
Kvgo bv jvMvDaggerK daggerevSvq|
Open bite mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ ev wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Open Bite Gi KviY
mg~nt Avfrac12yj weDaggerkl KDaggeri ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Open bite nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
31
wRnŸv macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ eo _vKDaggerj ev hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjvavdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm
_vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS _vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi
DcDaggerii AsDaggerk (occlusal surface) -G _vDaggerK ZDaggere Open Bite nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
G Qvov daggerivMx hw` Bony Dysplasia Congenital wmwdwjm BZumlvw` daggerivDaggerM fyDaggerM
_vDaggerK ZDaggereI Open bite Gi mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt Open bite Gi wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml mecopycOuml_g daggerivMxDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOuml_Daggerg Open bite nevi KviY
mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggereb| hw` daggerivMxi Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK
ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm `~i Kivi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb
KDaggerib ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm ~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance)
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib daggerivMxDaggerK|
Open bite hw` gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj hvq ZDaggere Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontic
appliance eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri hv Fixed ev Removable daggerh daggerKvb iKgB
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
hw` daggerPvqvDaggerji nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Open bite dagger`Lv hvq Ges daggerivMxi eqm hw` 6-12 eQi
nq ZDaggere Chin cap (Chin cap bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi ev bxDaggerPi w`DaggerKi ebdquowtimes
nIqvDaggerK cOumlwZDaggeriva KDaggeri) Gi mvDagger_ High pull head gear eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nevi ci Ges macrrsquovqx `vuZ me DVvi ci daggerPvqvDaggerji Amacr^vfvweK
ebdquowtimesRwbZ KviDaggerY daggerh Open bite nq Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Surgery Kiv DaggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq KvDaggeriv Open bite Gi mgmumlv _vKDaggerj AvovDaggerj Zvi mgvDaggerjvPbv bv
KDaggeri AvgvDagger`i mKDaggerji DwPZ ZvDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ
ejv| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cieZcopyx KiYxq mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy ejDaggerZ cviDaggereb| Zvui
civgkcopy Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY KiDaggerj Open bite wbivgq Kiv mcurrencente|
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`šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv Class II Malocclusion DaggerK `yB fvDaggerM fvM KDaggeriDaggerQb|
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion
2 Class II division 2 malocclusion
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion t
hw` KvDaggeriv daggerclY `vuDaggerZi mcurrenuacuteKcopy (Molar relation) Class II _vDaggerK Ges DcDaggerii
DaggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZ cedilDaggerjv DPz _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv Class II Division 1 Gi Ašmdashfycopysup3|
Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK
(Convex profile) DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ daggerewk daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL
DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK daggerewk mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| `vuZ DuPz nevi KviDaggerY
daggerivMx ADaggerbK mgq `yB daggerVuvU eUuml KiDaggerZ cvDaggeribv|
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2 Class II division 2 Malocclusion
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc Molar Relation Class II _vKDaggere A_copyvr DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev
Molar `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev Molar `vuDaggerZi dagger_DaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ mvgDaggerb
Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv wKQyUv wfZDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb
KiDaggere| mvaviYZ DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj GKB iKg AemacrrsquovDaggerb _vKDaggere (Straight Profile)
DcDaggerii `vuZcedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK cyDaggerivUv daggerXDaggerK ivLDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`ix bv KDaggeri GKRb Orthodontist daggerK Rvbvb|
Orthodontist wewfbœ chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri wPwKrmv ctimeswZ wVK KiDaggereb|
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Avcbvi AvDaggerk cvDaggerki gvbylcedilDaggerjvDaggerK GKUz fvDaggerjvfvDaggere jpara KiDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggereb daggerewki
fvM gvbyDaggerliB DcDaggeri daggerPvqvj Ges DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji
`vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ mvgvbuml GKUz mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK| Ges GUvB nDaggerjv macr^vfvweK| wKšlsquo wKQy gvbyDaggerli
daggerparaDaggerIcirc Gi DDaggereumlvUv dagger`Lv dagger`q| A_copyvr ZvDagger`i bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK _vDaggerK DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj ev DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ| GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi
fvlvq eDaggerj Class III malocclusion|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
`yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| 1Uv nDaggerjv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY| GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii
cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
35
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi
MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb dagger`DaggerL GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wKfvDaggere wPwKrmv KiDaggerj
daggerivMx mDaggerecopyvEumlg djvdj cvq|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion nq ZDaggere Orthodontic
Treatment A_copyvr iumlaygvIcirc Brace cwoDaggerqB wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere evošmdash ev cwiYZ daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB| ZDaggere Lye daggerewk eqDaggerm wPwKrmv KivDaggerj wPwKrmvi mgq daggereDaggero hvDaggere|
hw` evošmdash eqDaggerm nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion dagger`Lv dagger`q ZDaggere
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvjDaggerK mvgDaggerb Avbvi Rbuml ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvjDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerbqvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK wewfbœ
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aiDaggerYi hšiquest dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri eumlenvDaggerii Rbuml| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Face Mask Chin Cap DDaggerjshyL
daggerhvMuml|
hw` cwiYZ eqDaggerm gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerqi Class III malocclusion hv nvDaggerii MVDaggerbi
KviDaggerY nDaggerqDaggerQ Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ ZDaggere kjuml wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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evBgumlvmiddot
evBgvmiddot `y aiDaggerbi nq| evBgumlvwmiddotjvix cOumlUzordfmb Ges evBgumlvwmiddot jvix cOumlwKnotDaggerbmb| wK KwVb
katilde| Avmyb Lye mnDaggerR daggerRDaggerb daggerbB `uvZ I gvwoi Avi GK mgmumlv hvi bvg evBgvmiddot|
evBgumlvmiddot mgmumlvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj wKsev `uvZ wKsev DfqB mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK DPzu _vDaggerK| dDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv daggerVvU DPzu nDaggerq _vKv GgbwK gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ
cviv mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
mvavibZ `uvZ hw` Zzjbvg~jK fvDaggere eo GgbwK daggerPvqvj jcurren^v wKsev daggerXvK wMjvi mgq
wRnev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK Amacr^vfvweK fvDaggere `uvZDaggerK mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK daggerVjv w`Daggerj GB aiDaggerbi mgmumlv nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| NveovDaggerbvi wKQzB daggerbB GB mgmumlvi mgvavb Lye myrsaquo`i KDaggeri GK AwfAacute ADagger_copyDaggerWbwUdivide
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib| gDaggerb ivLDaggerZ nDaggere cOumlv_wgK Aemacrrsquovq GB mgmumlvi mgvavb KiDaggerj ZZUv RwUjZv nq
bv| eDaggerqvmwUuml KvDaggerji c~Daggere eDaggerqvmmwUuml KvDaggerji mgq Ges cDaggeri wPwKrmv eumlemacrrsquov cbdquo_K cbdquo_K nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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myrsaquo`Daggerii c~Rvix mKDaggerjB ZvB GB mgmumlv mgvavb KDaggeri
Avcwb nDaggerq DVyb myrsaquo`i `uvZ I nvwmi AwaKvix
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daggerMR `vuZ(High Canine) DPz KZcopyb `vuZ t
AvgvDagger`i gyDaggerL eqm 5 eQi chcopyšmdash daggerh 20 wU `vuZ _vDaggerK Zvi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ
_vDaggerK| eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ 20wU `ya `vuZ hLb cDaggero wMDaggerq macrrsquovqx `vuZ DDaggerV ZLbI daggergvU
32wU `vuDaggerZi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ _vDaggerK| G KZcopyb `uvZcedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi 4wU daggerKvbvq AewmacrrsquoZ| ZvB
GDagger`iDaggerK Corner Stone of mouth eDaggerj| bvg iumlbDaggerjB daggerevSv hvq G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Lv`uml`ordfeumlDaggerK
KZcopyb KiDaggerZ Ges wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri| G `vuZ cedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK kwsup3kvjx| KviY G `vuDaggerZi
GbvDaggergDaggerji cyisbquoZiexcl Daggerewk Ges mvgDaggerbi 4wU `vuDaggerZi (Pecopyb `vuZ-Incisor tooth) ciciB
AewmacrrsquoZ| daggerKvb daggerKvb mgq wewfbœ KviY ekZt G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Zvi wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK wfbœ
AemacrrsquovDaggerb dagger`Lv hvq| hw` G `vuZcedilDaggerjv gvwoi gDaggerauml ev DcDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri ZLb ZvDaggerK
High Canine ev daggerMR `vuZ ejv nq| Avevi KLDaggerbv GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv Zvjyi w`K w`Daggerq DDaggerV|
ZLb GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK Palataly placed canine eDaggerj| Avevi KLDaggerbv I gvwo ev Zvjyi wfZDaggeri
G `vuZ Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| ZLb ZvDaggerK Impacted Canine ejv nq| GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi gDaggerauml
AZxe Risbquoix PviwU `vuZ| GB `vuZ daggerhgb Lv`uml`ordfeuml KZcopyb I wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri cvkvcvwk
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daggerPvqvDaggerji bovPovDaggerK wbqšiquestY KDaggeri| GB `vuZDaggerK Beauty tooth I ejv nq| ZvB G `vuDaggerZi
mvwietimesfvDaggere webumlvm LyeB Risbquoix|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ daggerh KDaggerqKwU mgmumlv ZzDaggerj aiv nDaggerjv G mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi mgvavb LyeB Risbquoix|
hw` daggerKD GiKg daggerKvb mgmumlvq fyDaggerM _vDaggerKb ZDaggere AwfAacute Orthodontist -B nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
Avcbvi myrsaquo`i nvwm wdwiDaggerq dagger`qvi cig eUumlz|
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daggerVvuU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerki wkiumlDagger`i GKwU AbumlZg
mgmumlv| wewfbœ MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv wMDaggerqDaggerQ cOumlwZ 700 RDaggerb 1 Rb daggerVvuU KvUv Ges cOumlwZ 1000 RDaggerb
1 Rb wkiuml Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| daggerVvuU KvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggerQDaggerj wkiumlDagger`i Ges
ZvjyKvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggergDaggerq-wkiumlDagger`i gvDaggerS|
wewfbœ KviDaggerY wkiuml daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri _vDaggerK| kZKiv 25 fvM daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GUv eskMZ KviDaggerY nDaggerq _vDaggerK| hw` 1 Rb ZvjyKvUv daggerivMx 1 Rb mymacrrsquo gvbylDaggerK weDaggerq KDaggeri ZDaggere
ZvDagger`i ev‛Pvi ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kivi mcurrencentvebv kZKiv 2 fvM|
Mfcopyvemacrrsquovi cOuml_g fvDaggerM gv hw` daggerKvb fvBivj BbDaggerdKkDaggerb Avmicrovšmdash nq ev kvixwiKfvDaggere
AvNvZcOumlvszlig nq ev niDaggergvDaggerbi fvimvgumlnxbZvq fyDaggerM ev wfUvwgDaggerbi AfvDaggere fyDaggerM _vDaggerK ev
daggeriwWDaggerqkDaggerb GmiddotDaggercvR nq ev _umlvwjDaggerWvgvBW RvZxq Ilya MOumlnY KDaggeri ZDaggere wkiumli daggerVvuU ev
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| KvDaggerQi AvZyenxq macr^RDaggerbi gvDaggerS weDaggerq nDaggerjI wkiuml G mgmumlv
wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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DaggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq wkiuml RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerj cwieviDaggerK bvbv aiDaggerYi mvgvwRK I gvbwmK
mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ nq| wkiuml hLb GB mgmumlv wbDaggerq eo nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZLb daggermI gvbwmKfvDaggere
nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ _vDaggerK| G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ K_v
ejDaggerZ I iumlbDaggerZ mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| `vuDaggerZi mgmumlvi gDaggerauml hv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Zvi gDaggerauml AbumlZg
nDagger‛Q-wewfbœ `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKv `vuZ wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV gyDaggerLi Abuml daggerKvb RvqMvq
DVv evowZ wKQy `vuZ _vKv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb ksup3 bv nIqv `vuDaggerZi MVb myrsaquo`i bv nIqv
gvwoi wewfbœ mgmumlv `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPy-bxPz nIqv|
daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv daggerivMxDagger`i wPwKrmv weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmKDagger`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutev Qvov mcurrencente
bq| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Orthodontist Gi f~wgKv iumlisbquo nq ev‛Pvi RDaggerbyeni ci ciB| daggerhDaggernZz daggerVvuU I
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv nq daggermRbuml wkiumli RDaggerbyeni ci ciB
gyDaggerLi wfZi covi Rbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b daggerhb wkiumli daggerLDaggerZ
daggerKvb mgmumlv bv nq|
kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wkiumli 3-6 gvm eqDaggerm daggerVvuU I 1-2 eQi eqDaggerm Zvjy wVK KiDaggerZ
nDaggere GKRb AwfAacute kjuml wPwKrmK Oslashviv| kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg daggerVvuU I Zvjy wVK Kivi ci
wkiumli DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj hvDaggerZ msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GK aiDaggerYi
Appliance ev hšiquest bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b|
wkiumli Mixed dentition stage (6-12 eQi eqm) -G gyDaggerL daggerKvb AwZwisup3 `vuZ
_vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GQvov mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Cross bite _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuZ
AvuKv evKv _vKDaggerj ev Molar ev daggerclY `vDaggerZi Relation wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere Removable ev Fixed appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo
KiDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
me macrrsquovqx `vuZ PDaggerj Avmvi ci macrrsquovqxfvDaggere daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Kvgo (Occlusion
improve) wVK Kivi Rbuml Fixed ev Removable appliance w`Daggerq Orthodontist
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb Ges daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggereb|
GB mgDaggerq gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyDaggerK wVK Kivi Rbuml cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj Bony Graft Kiv daggerhDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| Gi dDaggerj Orthodontic treatment Gi daggerh djvdj ZvI Aparazbœ _vKDaggere|
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daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLvi ci Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere daggerivMxDaggerK
Permanent Retainer bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv daggerivMxDaggerK me mgq cDaggero _vKDaggerZ nDaggere|
Amacrlsaquovi weRqx DaggerRvqvDaggerKb wdwbmiddot RDaggerbyeni mgq daggerVvuU KvuUv wQj
daggerVvuU KuvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv daggerKvb Awfkvc bq| mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg
GDaggerK mvwiDaggerq daggerZvjv mcurrencente| `iKvi iumlay mevi mDaggerPZbZv Avi mwVK mgDaggerq weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri daggerm Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY Kiv|
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ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerKvb eqDaggerm iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ Zv AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKiB ARvbv|
ADaggerbK AwffveKB eySDaggerZ cvDaggerib bv wkiumli ADagger_copyvWbwUK mgmumlvi Rbuml daggerKvb eqDaggerm
Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| AAacutevbZvi Rbuml ev Abuml daggerKvb wOslashav-OslashDaggerrsaquo`i
KviDaggerY Zviv ADaggerbK mgqB ADaggerbK dagger`ix KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb wPwKrmvi
Rbuml| dDaggerj wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc wPwKrmvi eumlvwszligKvj daggereDaggero hvq| wKQyDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK
chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc
wPwKrmvi djvdj Avkvbyiƒc nq bv| KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv KZUv
Risbquoix| GLb Avwg ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi eqm mxgv wbDaggerq AvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri AvcbvDagger`i
wKQyUv nDaggerjI aviYv dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev Kie|
AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerk ADaggerbK wkiumlB daggerVvuU ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| Kzmsmacrlsaquoviv‛Qbœ
gvbyliv GDaggerK Awfkvc ev fvDaggerMumli wjLb gDaggerb KDaggeri nvZ cv cedilwUDaggerq eDaggerm _vDaggerK daggerKvb wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri bv| wKšlsquo gDaggerb ivLDaggereb daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumli
AwffveKDagger`i DwPZ RDaggerbyeni ci ciB GKRb AwfAacute Orhodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY Kiv|
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KviY G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i RDaggerbyeni ciB cOumlavb I cOuml_g daggerh mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q Zv nDaggerjv Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mgmumlv| Orthodontist Gmgq GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv wkiumlDaggerK Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml LyeB parawZKi GKwU Afumlvm|
mvaviYZ `yB dagger_DaggerK wZb eQi eqDaggermi gDaggerauml Avcbv Avcwb wkiuml G AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KDaggeri daggerdDaggerj|
wKšlsquo ZviciI hw` wkiuml AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere AwffveKDagger`i Gi parawZKi w`KwU
mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere Ges microgvMZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv PjDaggerZ _vKDaggerj wkiumlDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj G AfumlvmwU
`~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance) bullZwi KDaggeri w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib
hvDaggerZ KDaggeri fwelumlDaggerZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi KviDaggerY wkiumli `vuDaggerZi webumlvm AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv hvq|
mvaviYZ 5-6 eQi eqm dagger_DaggerK wkiumlDagger`i `ya `vuZ coDaggerZ iumlisbquo KDaggeri| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK mgq
dagger`Lv hvq AvNvZ RwbZ paraq RwbZ ev Abuml daggerKvb daggerivDaggerMi KviDaggerY wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya
`vuZ cDaggero hvq ev daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| `vuZ covi ci daggerh dvuKv RvqMvwU _vDaggerK daggerm RvqMvwU ZLb
`yB cvDaggerki `vuZ w`Daggerq eUuml nDaggerq hvq| dDaggerj rsquovqx `vuZ DVvi Rbuml chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv daggercDaggerq
Amacr^vfvweK daggerKvb RvqMvq `vuZ DDaggerV Ges `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi mcurrencentvebv daggereDaggero hvq| GB dvuKv
macrrsquovbwU hvDaggerZ cvDaggerki `vuZ Oslashviv eUuml bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl hšiquest bullZwi
KDaggeri w`Daggereb hvDaggerK Space maintainer eDaggerj| KvDaggerRB daggerKvb `ya`vuZ hw` Zvi wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi
AvDaggerM cDaggero hvq ZDaggere dagger`ix bv KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi mvDagger_ dagger`Lv Kisbquob|
ADaggerbK ev‛PvDagger`i dagger`Lv hvq DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj daggerewk evoDaggerQ ev hZUzKz evovi K_v
ZZUzKz evoDaggerQ bv| Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc evošmdash eqDaggerm (6-12) Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cOumlDaggerqvRb AbymvDaggeri Face
mask ev Chin cap eumlenvi KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb hv ev‛Pvi DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimesDaggerK
mwVK AmacrrsquovDaggerb wbDaggerZ mnvqZv KiDaggere|
DaggerVuvU I ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i daggerVvuU I Zvjy kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wVK
Kivi ci mwVK mgq Orthodontist Gmiddotcvbmb macrŒz (Expansion screw) ZvjyDaggerZ jvwMDaggerq
dagger`b hvDaggerZ DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq| G wkiumlDagger`i 8-10 eQi eqDaggerm bone
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grafting Kivi Rbuml kjuml wPwKrmKDaggerK cOumlDaggerqvRbxq civgkcopy I mnvqZv w`Daggerq _vDaggerKb
Orthodontist|
6-12 eQi eqDaggerm hLb wkiumli gyDaggerL `ya I macrrsquovqx Dfq cOumlKvi `vuZ we`umlgvb ZLb hw`
`vuDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo (Cross bite) daggerewk Kvgo (Deep bite) dagger`Lv hvq ZDaggere
Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRbxq eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggereb hvDaggerZ fwelumlDaggerZ KvgocedilDaggerjv AvDaggeriv Lvivc -Gi w`DaggerK
bv hvq|
`ya `vuZ me cDaggero hvevi ci I macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVvi ci AvuKv evuKv DuPz -bxPz `vuZ wVK
Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS Removable Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ
ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere) ev Fixed Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere bv) w`Daggerq
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb|
ADaggerbDaggerKiB gDaggerbB cOumlkœ _vDaggerK daggerh daggerewk eqDaggerm Orthodontic wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere wKbv|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuZ nvo I GDagger`i mvDagger_ mcurrenuacuteKcopyhysup3 structure cedilDaggerjv fvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZDaggere daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv Kiv mcurrencente|
cOumlvszlig eqDaggerm hw` DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj hw` Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes daggercDaggerq _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv
wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj kjuml wPwKrmvi Oslashvimacrrsquo nDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi mdjZv wbfcopyi KDaggeri wPwKrmDaggerKi AwfAacuteZv daggerivMx I Zvi
AwffveDaggerKi mnDaggerhvwMZv I mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi Dci|
gDaggerb ivLDaggereb mgDaggerqi GK daggerdvuo AmgDaggerqi `k daggerdvuo| mwVK mgDaggerq mwVK KvRwU KiDaggerj
Avcwb daggerh djvdj cvDaggereb dagger`ix KDaggeri KvRwU KiDaggerj daggermB djvdj Avcwb bvI daggercDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
Avcbvi daggerKvb wbKURDaggerbi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj mwVK mgDaggerq Orthodontist
Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggerZ fyjDaggereb bv daggerhb|
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Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Dci Bracket
ev Brace covDaggerbv _vDaggerK| Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq
Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv wbDagger`kcopyvejx wVKgZ daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj wPwKrmv cieZcopyx RwUjZv dagger`Lv
dagger`evi mcurrencentvebv LyeB Kg|
Fixed Orthodontic treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq gyL I `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZ weDaggerkl hZœ wbDaggerZ
nDaggere| daggerhme welDaggerqi Dci daggerewk daggerewk bRi ivLDaggerZ nDaggere Zv bxDaggerP dagger`qv nDaggerjvt
1 daggerhw`b daggerivMxi gyDaggerL Bracket emvDaggerbv nDaggere Zvici dagger_DaggerK 24 NrsaquoUv chcopyšmdash ksup3 Lvevi
LvIqv DwPZ bq| GDaggerZ Bracket LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| H 24 NrsaquoUv Lye daggerRvDaggeri daggerRvDaggeri `vuZ
eordfvk Kiv I DwPZ bq| daggerivMx Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv civgkcopy Abyhvqx `vuZ eordfvk
KiDaggere I macr^vfvweK Lvevi LvDaggere|
2 Bracket covDaggerbvi 2-3 w`b chcopyšmdash daggerivMxi GKUz Amacr^wmacrmdash nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GDaggerZ fDaggerqi wKQy
daggerbB| gyDaggerL bZzb wKQy wRwbm emvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2-3 w`b ci Zv AfumlvDaggerm cwiYZ nDaggerq
hvDaggere|
3 cOumlwZevi Lvevi LvIqvi ci AekumlB `vuZ fvDaggerjvfvDaggere eordfvk KiDaggerZ nDaggere| mKvDaggerj I ivDaggerZ
daggerdnotvivBW hysup3 Uz_Daggercdivide w`Daggerq `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggere| Abumlvbuml mgq Uz_ daggercoacute Qvov eordfvk KiDaggerjI
PjDaggere|
4 cOumlwZ wZb (3) gvm ci ci Uz_eordfvk e`j KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Uz_eordfvDaggerki weordfmampjcedilDaggerjv daggerhb big
(Medium soft) nq Zv daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
5 Bracket ev appliance -Gi Dci bxDaggerP 45 daggerKvDaggerY eordfvk aDaggeri `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
6 Lye daggerRvDaggeri Pvc w`Daggerq eordfvk Kiv hvDaggere bv| GDaggerZ KDaggeri Appliance LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
7 `vuDaggerZi daggerh cvDaggerk Appliance AvDaggerQ daggermB cvDaggerk Appliance -Gi Dci AvjDaggerZvfvDaggere
NywiDaggerq NywiDaggerq eordfvk KDaggeri `vuZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| `vuDaggerZi Abumlvbuml cvkcedilDaggerjvI daggerhb
fvDaggerjvfvDaggere cwireglsaquovi Kiv nq daggermw`DaggerK daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
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8 cOumlwZevi Lvevi Gi ci eordfvk Kiv mcurrencente bv nDaggerj LyefvDaggerjv KDaggeri KzjKzwP KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
9 `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerSi gqjv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Dental Floss eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
DaggerKvb KvwV ev myuB w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerLvPvDaggerbv hvDaggere bv|
10 wRnŸv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Tongue Cleanser eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
11 cOumlDaggerqvRDaggerb fvDaggerjv Mouth Wash eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere ZDaggerewPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy
Abyhvqx|
12 `vuDaggerZi gvwo Avfrac12yj w`Daggerq Massage Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
13 daggerKvb appliance daggerfDaggerfrac12 daggerMDaggerj ev LyDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ev Appliance Gi KviDaggerY gyDaggerL daggerKvb
mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj dagger`ix bv KDaggeri mDaggerfrac12 mDaggerfrac12 Orthondontist-Gi civgkcopy wbDaggerZ nDaggere|
14 wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq ksup3 Lvevi (nvo AvL) LvIqv cwinvi KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
15 AvVvDaggerjv RvZxq Lvevi (PzBs Mvg) LvIqv ev` w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
16 daggercqviv AvDaggercj ev daggerh daggerKvb ksup3 Lvevi Kvgo w`Daggerq bv daggerLDaggerq daggerQvU daggerQvU UzKiv KDaggeri
daggerLDaggerZ nDaggere|
17 Orthodontist DaggerhfvDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK AvmDaggerZ ejDaggereb (1gvm ci ci) AekumlB Zv cvjb
KiDaggerZ nDaggere| bv nDaggerj daggerivMxi wPwKrmv daggerkl nDaggerZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi daggerewk jvMDaggere|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbPz `vuZ wVK Kivi Rbuml daggerhgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Oslashviv mwVK wPwKrmv daggerZgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerivMx Ges daggerivMxi AwffveDaggerKi
mnDaggerhvwMZv Ges Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy Abyhvqx Pjv| ZDaggereB DaggerivMx wPwKrmv DaggerkDaggerl cvDaggere
KvwldquoparaZ myrsaquo`i `vuZ|
49
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
50
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ dnotwms
51
daggerQvAElig GKwU evMvDaggerb hw` ADaggerbKcedilDaggerjv MvQ daggereDaggero DVDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZDaggere ADaggerbK MvDaggerQi macr^vfvweK ebdquowtimes
weboacute nq Ges evMvbwU wKQyw`b ci Nb Rfrac12Daggerj cwiYZ nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK| ZLb hw` daggermLvb
dagger_DaggerK wKQy MvQ daggerKDaggerU daggerdjv nq ZDaggere evMvbwUi evKxMvQcedilDaggerjv iparav daggercDaggerq macr^vfvweKfvDaggere daggereDaggero
DVDaggere|
daggerZgwb gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerh cwigvY RvqMv AvDaggerQ Zvi daggerPDaggerq hw` `vuDaggerZi msLumlv daggerewk wKsev
`vuZ Lye daggerekx AvuKv evKv DuPz `uvZ _vKDaggerj ZDaggere Zv wVK KDaggeri `vuZDaggerK mywebumlvmacrmdash myrsaquo`i KDaggeri
daggerZvjvi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgq daggerivMxi wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB daggerivMx ev
Zvi AwffveK `vuZ daggerZvjvi K_v iumlbDaggerj fq cvq| Zviv fvDaggere `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ ADaggerbK euml_v
jvMDaggere ev daggerPvDaggerLi daggereordfBDaggerbi hw` daggerKvb parawZ nq| Zviv Orthodontist daggerK `vuZ bv ZzDaggerj
wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml AbyDaggeriva KDaggeri _vDaggerK| wKšlsquo ZvDagger`i G mKj aviYv mcurrenuacute~Ycopy Ag~jK| `vuZ
ZzjDaggerj daggerPvDaggerLi ev daggereordfBDaggerbi daggerKvb parawZ nqbv| GKRb AwfAacute wPwKrmK ZvB KiDaggereb hv KiDaggerj
daggerivMxi wPwKrmv fvDaggerjvfvDaggere mcurrenuacutebœ nDaggere Ges daggerivMx I Zvi AwffveK mšlsquowoacute jvf KiDaggere| Avi
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM wbw copyoacute rsquovb fvDaggerjvfvDaggere Aek KDaggeri wbDaggerj Ges wPwKrmDaggerKi dagger`qv DcDagger`k `vuZ
daggerZvjvi w`b I cieZcopyx KDaggerqKw`b mwVKfvDaggere daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj `vuZ daggerZvjvi ci daggerivMxi daggerZgb daggerKvb
Amyweav nq bv ejDaggerjB PDaggerj|
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`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM
`vuZ daggerZvjvi cDaggeri
53
ADaggerbDaggerKB AvDaggerQb hviv ivDaggerZ NygvDaggerbvi AvDaggerM Ges mKvDaggerj bvmacrmdashv Lvevi ci `vuZ eordfvk
KDaggerib `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Kvj wejcurren^ bv KDaggeri `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggerib
`vuDaggerZi mymacrrsquoZvi Rbuml hv hv `iKvi Zviv Zv-B KDaggerib| GmeB nDaggerjv fvDaggerjv Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi
Rbuml LyeB DcKvix|
wKšlsquo Ggb wKQy Afumlvm AvDaggerQ hv gyL I `vuDaggerZi macr^vDaggermacrrsquoumli Rbuml LyeB parawZKi| Gme
e`AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi bvbv aiDaggerYi mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q| GB AfumlvmcedilDaggerjvi gDaggerauml Avfrac12yj
daggerPvlv wRnŸampv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv ev daggerVjv dagger`Iqv daggerKvb mgmumlv bv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI gyL w`Daggerq wbkbrvbarvm
daggerbqv daggerVvuU I bL KvgovDaggerbv AbumlZg|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK| evev gv hw` GUv daggerLqvj KDaggerib ZDaggere wkiumlDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere daggerh Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv Lvivc| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz nDaggerq hvq ADaggerbK mgq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bvI coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Open bite) bxDaggerPi
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daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZcedilDaggerjv msKzwPZ nDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK hZUzKz daggerXDaggerK ivLv
DwPZ Zv KDaggerg daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerbvi ci I hw` Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm bv KDaggerg ZDaggere wkiumli 2-3 eQi eqm
chcopyšmdash ADaggercparav KiDaggerZ nDaggere| ADaggerbK mgq 3 eQi eqDaggermi ci wkiumli GB Afumlvm PDaggerj hvq|
ZviciI hw` wkiuml G Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere GKRb AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12
civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| wPwKrmK `iKvi gDaggerb nDaggerj daggerKvb Appliance ev hšiquest w`Daggereb hv
wkiumlDaggerK GB Afumlvm `~i KiDaggerZ mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wkiumli hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK ZDaggere DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DPuy nDaggerq hvq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bv coDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerivMx gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri
wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq Avcbvi daggermvbvgwbi hw` Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml
parawZKi ZDaggere cOuml_DaggergB ZvDaggerK eySvb| ZvDaggerZ KvR bv nDaggerj Aemacrrsquov hvDaggerZ AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv
hvq daggermRbuml AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy Kisbquob|
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OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
56
CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
57
KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
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GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
60
ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
61
daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
-0-
62
cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
2
First Published November 2011
copy Dr Mohammad Khursheed Alam
copy All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system
or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic mechanical photocopying recording or
otherwise without prior permission of authors or publisher
ISBN 978-967-5547-53-9
Correspondance
Dr Mohammad Khursheed Alam
Senior Lecturer
Orthodontic Unit
School of Dental Science
Health Campus Universiti Sains Malaysia
dralamgmailcom
dralamkkusmmy
Published by
KKMED Publication
Jabatan Pendidikan Perubatan Pusat Pengajian Sains Perubatan
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Kubang Kerian 16150 Kota Bharu Kelatan
Published in Malaysia
3
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
myrsaquo`i `vuZ myrsaquo`i nvwm Ges
myrsaquo`i gyL daggercDaggerZ nDaggerj
RvbDaggerZ nDaggere
Wvt daggergvt daggerLvDaggerkcopy` Avjg (mvMi)
wewWGm (wWBD) wcwRwU wcGBPwW (Rvcvb)
সিসিয়র লেকচারার
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm wefvM
সকে অফ লেনটাে িাইনস
ইউসিভারসিটি িাইনস |
B-daggergBj dralamgmailcom
dralamkkusmmy
4
daggerjLK cwiwPwZ I Rxeb ebdquoEumlvšmdash
daggergvt daggerLvDaggerkcopy` Avjg (mvMi) সিসিয়র লেকচারার ADagger_copyvWbwUKm wefvM সকে অফ লেনটাে িাইনস ইউসিভারসিটি িাইনস মালযেশিো| cyivZb XvKvi wmwIumlK evRvDaggeri
Rbyen| evev AvjnvRiexcl daggergvt Bmjvg gv daggerRvevB`v kvnxb| cvuP fvB
daggerevDaggerbi gDaggerauml Wvt mvMi daggergS| daggerQvU daggerejv dagger_DaggerK Wvt nIqvi kL gDaggerbi
gDaggerauml jvjb KDaggeri gvDaggerqi AKnotvšmdash cwikordfDaggergi `isbquob AvR Wvt mvMi-Gi
Aemacrrsquovb|
evsjvDagger`k DaggerWrsaquoUvj KDaggerjR Gi cOuml_g eumlvP Gi QvIcirc Wvt mvMi cOumlwZwU cixparav KhellipwZDaggerZiexcli
mvDagger_ KhellipZKvhcopy nDaggerq mKj wkparaDaggerKiB LyeB Av`Daggerii QvIcirc wQDaggerjb Zvi GB KhellipwZZiexcl Ges AKnotvšmdash
cwikordfg Gi `isbquob BrsaquoUvwbcopy daggerkl Kivi ci ciB miKvwifvDaggere Rvcvb miKvi Gi gbeyKvMvKzDaggermv
macrlsaquojvikxc wbDaggerq daggernvdegvBDaggerWv wekbrvbarwe`umlvjDaggerq ADagger_copyvWbwUKm welDaggerq D‛PZi cOumlwkparaDaggerY hvb| `xNcopy
cvuP eQi w`b ivZ cwikordfDaggergi ci wcGBPwW wWMOumlx jvf KDaggerib| Rvcvb _vKvKvjxb mgq wZwb
RvcvDaggerbi wewfbœ kni daggerKvwiqv ADaggerdivideordfwjqv Ges AvDaggergwiKvDaggerZ Dbvi MDaggerelYv Dcmacrrsquovcb KDaggeri
cOumlkswmZ nb| Dbvi GB chcopyšmdash 25wUi I AwaK MDaggerelYvi Rvbcopyvj wewfbœ BrsaquoUvibumlvkbvj I
bumlvkbvj Rvbcopyvj G cOumlKvwkZ nDaggerqDaggerQ| wewfbœ mgq dagger`Daggerki macr^bvgabuml bull`wbK cwIcircKvq Ges daggernj_
gumlvMvwRb G Dbvi daggerjLv cOumlKvwkZ nDaggerqDaggerQ|
Wvt mvMi ADagger_copyvWbwUKm welq Ges ADagger_copyvWbwUKm wPwKrmvi RMDaggerZ wbDaggerRDaggerK wbDaggerqvwRZ
daggeriDaggerL dagger`k I dagger`Daggerki gvbyDaggerli daggermev KiDaggerZ Pvb|
daggerjLDaggerKi mnawgcopybx Wvt daggerinvbv emix (jvwgkv) wbDDaggerivDaggergwWwmDaggerbi Dci wcGBPwWwWMOumlx
jvf KDaggeriDaggerQb| Dbvi cov wewfbœ KvDaggerR wZwb memgqB Drmvn hywMDaggerqDaggerQb| Dbvi RxeDaggerb Zvi
Ae`vb Abmacr^xKvhcopy| Wvt mvMi I Wvt jvwgkvOtildei Ni AvDaggerjv KDaggeri AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i GKgvIcirc cyIcirc mšmdashvb daggergvt
kviwRj|
5
উৎসরগ Avgvi Avcurrensecty ও আবব hvi Rbuml Avgvi GB
Rxeb|
Avgvi daggerQDaggerj daggergvt kviRxj Avjg hvDaggerK
dagger`LDaggerj Avgvi gb fvDaggerjv nDaggerq hvq| me Knotvwšmdash `~i
nDaggerq hvq|
6
cig KisbquoYvgq Avjshyvni bvDaggerg Avicurrencent KiwQ-
KhellipZAacuteZv cOumlKvk
KhellipZAacuteZv RvbvDaggerZ PvB Avgvi kordfDaggertimesq wkparaKDagger`i hviv AvgvDaggerK GB Ae rsquovDaggerb Avmvi
Rbuml memgq mvnvhuml mnDaggerhvwMZv I AbyDaggercOumliYv hywMDaggerqDaggerQb-
1| Prof Iida Junichiro Chairman Orthodontics Department
Hokkaido University Japan
2| Asst Professor Kajii S Takashi Orthodontics
Department Hokkaido University Japan
3| Prof Amirul Islam Principal Bangladesh Dental College
4| Asso Prof Lamiya Chowdhury Ex Head Orthodontics
Department Sapporo Dental College
AvDaggeriv KhellipZAacuteZv cOumlKvk KiDaggerZ PvB Avgvi kordfDaggertimesq wkparaK Prof
Emadul Haq (EX Principal Dhaka Dental College City
Dental College) mumlviDaggerK hvi Orthodontics eB cDaggero Avwg daggermB QvIcirc
eqm dagger_DaggerK eB daggerjLvi cOumlwZ AbycOumlvwbZ nDaggerqwQjvg|
mecopyDaggerkDaggerl ADaggerkl abumlev` RvbvDaggerZ PvB ZvDaggerK Ges ZvDagger`iDaggerK daggerh Ges hviv
GB eB daggerjLvi mvDagger_ IZDaggercOumlvZ fvDaggere RwoZ|
7
ADagger_copyvWwrsaquoUK wKnotwbK Rvcvb t
AvuKv evuKv `vuDaggerZi wbLyuZ wPwKrmviZ Wvt mvMi
Wvt mvMi
RvcvDaggerb ADagger_copyvWwrsaquoUK BgcshyumlvrsaquoU emvDaggerbvi mgq AcvDaggerikb w_DaggerqUvDaggeri
8
myPxcIcirc
myPxcIcirc
1 f~wgKv
2 myrsaquo`i nvwm AvgvDagger`i mevi Kvguml
3 ADagger_copyvWbwUKm AZxe Risbquoix I cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy
4 `uvDaggerZi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb
5 ADagger_copyvWbwUK wKQy mgmumlv `vuZ I gyDaggerLi wKQy mgmumlv
6 `vuZ AvuKv evuuKv nevi KviY mg~n
7 dvuKv `vuZ Spacing
8 microvDwWs Crowding
9 IDaggercb evBU Open bite
10 Knotvk 2 gumlvjKzDaggerjkb Class II maloclusion
11 Knotvk w_ordf gumlvjKzDaggerjkb Class III maloclusion
12 evBgumlvmiddot
13 daggerMuR `vuZ
14 daggerKnotdUamp wjc GUcirc cumlvDaggerjU Cleft lip amp palate
15 ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi eqm
16 ADagger_vcopyWbwUK wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgq daggerivMxi KiYxq
17 ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerparaDaggerIcirc `vuZ daggerZvjvi cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZv
18 wKQy Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml parawZKi
19 ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZv
20 daggereordfm - Avcbvi Rbuml wK Risbquoix
9
f~wgKv
gvbyl daggerKŠZznj wcOumlq| ARvbv daggerKvb welq wbDaggerq Rvbvi AvMOumln
gvbyDaggerli cOumlej| hyDaggerMi mvDagger_ Zvj wgwjDaggerq Zviv daggerek mDaggerPZbI| wPwKrmv
weAacutevDaggerbi wewfbœ w`K mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy RvbDaggerZ Zviv LyeB AvMOumlnx| mvaviY
gvbyDaggerli Gme AvMOumlDaggerni K_v gv_vq daggeriDaggerLB G eBwU daggerjLvi eumlvcvDaggeri
Avwg AbycOumlvwYZ nDaggerqwQ| G eBwU coDaggerj daggerh daggerKvb gvbyl `šmdash weAacutevDaggerbi
GKwU AbumlZg cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy kvLv ADagger_copyvWbwUKm mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy wKQyUv nDaggerjI
aviYv jvf KiDaggere| Avkv Kwi eBwU wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi QvIcirc-QvIcircxDagger`iI
KvDaggerR AvmDaggere|
eBwU mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy daggerh daggerKvb g~jumlevb gZvgZ mywPwšmdashZ civgkcopy mv`Daggeri
MOumlnY Kiv nDaggere|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejDaggerZ PvB mvgvbuml GB cwimDaggeri ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi gZ
wekvj GKwU welqDaggerK mcurrenuacute~YcopyiƒDaggerc ZzDaggerj aiv mcurrencente bq| Avgvi GB paraz ordf
cOumlqvm AvcbvDagger`i mvgvbumlZg DcKvDaggeri GDaggerjI Avgvi cwikordfg mv_copyK
nDaggerqDaggerQ eDaggerj gDaggerb KiDaggerev| mevBDaggerK abumlev`|
10
gvbyl daggermŠrsaquo`Daggerhcopy c~Rvix daggermRbumlB myrsaquo`i gyDaggerLi Rq mecopyIcirc|
gvbyDaggerli daggermŠrsaquo`Daggerhcopyi AbumlZg AjsKvi nDaggerjv myrsaquo`i nvwm| ZvB
GB myrsaquo`i nvwm Kvi bv Kvguml| Avi GB myrsaquo`i nvwmi Rbuml
PvB mymacrrsquo-myrsaquo`i `vuZ| `vuZDaggerK mymacrrsquo ivLvi Rbuml PvB mwVK
cwiPhcopyv| Avi myrsaquo`i nvwm ADaggerbKvsDaggerk wbfcopyi KDaggeri `vuDaggerZi
mwVK webumlvDaggermi Dci| wewfbœ gvbyDaggerli AvuKv evuKv DPz-bxPz
dvuKv `vuZ Avgiv ADaggerbK mgqB daggerLqvj KDaggeri _vwK| `vuDaggerZi Gme
mgmumlv myrsaquo`i nvwmi daggerparaDaggerIcirc cOumlavb Ašmdashivq| G QvovI dagger`Lv dagger`q `vuZ I gvwoi wewfbœ daggerivM
DaggerivMxi K_v ejDaggerZ ev Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri ADaggerbDaggerKB DuPz `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY `yB daggerVvuU eUuml
KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri bv dDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ LyeB Amyrsaquo`i jvDaggerM| daggerivMx cvwievwiK mvgvwRK I gvbwmKfvDaggere
wewfbœ mgmumlvq fyMDaggerZ _vDaggerK| ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcirc daggergDaggerqDagger`i weDaggerqi daggerparaDaggerIcircI evav nDaggerq `vuovq G aiDaggerYi
Amyrsaquo`i `vuZ| wKšlsquo `vuDaggerZi Gme mgmumlv daggerKb nq Gi daggerKvb
mwVK wPwKrmv AvDaggerQ wKbv Zv AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKiB
ARvbv|
`šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi DEumlDaggerivEumli AMOumlMwZi
dDaggerj `vuDaggerZi G aiDaggerYi mgmumlv `~i Kiv Avi daggerKvb eumlvcviB
bv| whwb AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbuPz dvuKv `vuDaggerZi mgmumlv
wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wVK KDaggerib ZvDaggerK ejv nq Orthodontist AvcbvDagger`i myweavDagger_copy Avwg `vuDaggerZi
G aiDaggerYi wKQy mgmumlv KviY cOumlwZKvi I wPwKrmv ctimeswZ wbDaggerq mswparaszligfvDaggere AvDaggerjvPbv Kie hv
cDaggero Avcwb Lye mnDaggerRB eySDaggerZ cviDaggereb Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ daggerKvb mgmumlv AvDaggerQ wKbv hvi Rbuml
Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY Kiv DwPZ| KvDaggerRB ejv hvq Avcwb ev Avcbvi daggerKvb
cwiwPZRb Amyrsaquo`i `vuZ wbDaggerq daggerKvb mgmumlvq fyMDaggerj Orthodontist Gi mvDagger_ daggerhvMvDaggerhvM KDaggeri
Zvi civgcopyk Abyhvqx wPwKrmv wbDaggerq nDaggerZ cvDaggerib gysup3 Siv nvwmi AwaKvix| Avi daggermB nvwmi
wSwjDaggerK Avcbvi Pvicvk nDaggerq DVDaggere AvDaggerjvwKZ|
11
cOumlwZw`b Avwereglsaquovi nDagger‛Q bZzb bZzb wPwKrmv eumlemacrrsquov Ges
ZviB mvDagger_ dagger`Lv w`Dagger‛Q bZzb bZzb daggerivM I mgmumlv| wPwKrmv
weAacutevDaggerbi cwiwa Acwimxg| `šmdash weAacutevDaggerbi wewfbœ welDaggerqi
gDaggerauml ADagger_copyvWbwUKm GKwU AZxe Risbquoix Ges MisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy
welq| `šmdash weAacutevDaggerbi wewfbœ kvLv daggerhgb `vuZ gvwo Ges
gyLMnŸDaggerii kjuml wPwKrmv KhellipwIcircg `vuZ jvMvDaggerbv isbquoU Kumlvbvj wPwKrmv
BZumlvw` welq mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy gvbyDaggerli KgDaggerewk aviYv AvDaggerQ| wKšlsquo ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm katildewU DtradecentvweZ nDaggerqDaggerQ `yOtildewU wMOumlK katilde dagger_DaggerK|
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm = ADagger_copyvm + daggerWvbm = mwVK + `uvZ
ZvnDaggerj ADagger_copyvWbwUKm katildewUi cOumlKhellipZ evsjv cOumlwZkatilde nDagger‛Q Ocirc`vuZ wVK KivOtilde
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm `šmdash weAacutevDaggerbi Ggb GKwU kvLv hv MDaggerelY KDaggeri mvaviY bull`wnK MVb g~jZ
g~DaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerji Ges `vuDaggerZi MVb wbDaggerq Ges GwU AvDaggeriv MDaggerelYv KDaggeri gyDaggerLi mvaviY MVb Kx Kx
KviDaggerY eumlvnZ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges Gi cOumlwZDaggeriva Ges wPwKrmvi Dcvq wbDaggerq hv wbw`copyoacute Rxewe`umlvi
gDaggerauml mxwgZ|
wewfbœ MDaggerelK OcircADagger_copyvWbwUKmDaggerK AvLumlvwqZ KDaggeriDaggerQb wewfbœ fvDaggere| Ocirc`umlv weordfwUk daggermvmvBwU
di w` dividevwW Ae ADagger_copyvWbwUKmOtilde AvLumlvwqZ KDaggeriDaggerQb wbDaggeraeligvsup3fvDaggere
OcircADagger_copyvWbwUKmOtilde -G gyL I daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimes I mcurrencOumlmviY mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy weDaggerePbv I weDaggerkshylY Kiv
nq hv Oslashviv DcDaggerii I wbDaggerPi `vuDaggerZi RvqMv ev Aemacrrsquovb msDaggerkvwaZ nq|
Avgiv ADagger_copyvWbwUKm mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy RvbDaggerj mnDaggerRB eySDaggerZ cvie daggerKvb `vuZ Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere
DaggereDaggero DVDaggerQ DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj wbDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvDagger_ mvgAumlmuml c~Ycopy nDaggerq ebdquowtimes cvDagger‛Q wK bvwK
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz-wbPz dvuKv GDaggerjvDaggergjv iumlayB wK `vuZ bvwK daggerPvqvjUvI DuPz-wbPz wKsev evuKv
`vuZ Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerQ wK bv GZ me cOumlDaggerkœi DEumli Avgiv mnDaggerRB RvbDaggerZ cvwi
12
OcircADagger_copyvWbwUKmOtilde welqUv daggerRDaggerb| iumlay Rvbv daggerKb GB me mgmumlvi mvgvavb w`DaggerZ cvwi
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg| GKUv welq RvbDaggerZ PvBDaggerj ADaggerbK wKQyB Rvbv `iKvi|
ZviciI GB wPwKrmvi cOumlavb wKQy jparauml I DDaggerIumlkuml wbaeligiƒDaggerc ZzDaggerj aiv nDaggerjv-
gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopy ebdquowtimesi Rbuml
ADagger_vcopyWbwUK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopy ebdquowtimes mcurrencente| `vuZDaggerK Zvi macr^vfvweK AemacrrsquovDaggerb
wbDaggerq GDaggerm `vuDaggerZi Ges gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopy ebdquowtimes mcurrencente| GUv AZxe Risbquoix wbaeligiƒc KviDaggerY
gvbyl Amyrsaquo`i `vuZ wbDaggerq daggerh gvbwmK mgmumlvq _vDaggerK Zv Avi nq bv|
cieZcopyx RxeDaggerb mvgvwRK jfrac34vDaggerevDaggerai nvZ dagger_DaggerK wbregKhellipwZ cvIqv hvq|
macr^vfvweKfvDaggere Dci Ges wbDaggerPi daggerVvuDaggerUi Aemacrrsquovb wVK KiDaggerj GwU gvwoDaggerK myiparav KDaggeri Ges
bvK w`Daggerq kbrvbarvm cOumlkbrvbarvm wbDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri|
13
`vuDaggerZi MVDaggerbi Ges KvDaggerRi DbœwZi Rbuml
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg `vuDaggerZi KgcopyparagZv ebdquowtimes cvq| KviY GB wPwKrmvi
gvaumlDaggerg macr^vfvweK Kvgo (Balanced Occlusion with normal over jet amp overbite)
cOumlmacrlsquoZ Kiv nq|
AvuKv evuKv `vuZ wVK Kiv Ges `vuDaggerZi MVDaggerbi macrrsquovwqZiexcl evovDaggerbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg gvbyDaggerli AwZwisup3 `vuZ ev GKB RvqMvq daggerewk `vuZ ev
daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Zvi dDaggerj `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb IjUcvjU G meB wVK Kiv mcurrencente| `vuDaggerZi GB myrsaquo`i
Aemacrrsquovb wVK KiDaggerj cieZcopyxKvDaggerj `vuDaggerZ KumlvwiDaggerRi (daggercvKv LvIqv) gvwoi cOuml`vn BZumlvw` mgmumlv
nq bv|
Abuml `šmdash wPwKrmvi mvnvhumlKvix wnDaggermDaggere
KhellipwIcircg `vuZ emvDaggerbvi Rbuml mwVKfvDaggere RvqMv bullZwi KiDaggerZ|
paray`ordf cwimDaggeri Aiacute wKQy msLumlK DcKvixZv DaggerRDaggerb wbDaggerjb daggerZv
14
Avcbvi myrsaquo`i mvRvDaggerbv Ni hvi me wKQzB cwicvwU| wbfcopyvebvq Avcbvi emevm| hw`
Gi me wKQzB ADaggerMvQvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZvnDaggerj wK fDaggerjv jvMDaggere jvMDaggere bv| wVK daggerZgwbB AvgvDagger`i
DcDaggerii Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUDaggerZ daggergvU 32 wU macrrsquovqx `uvZ _vDaggerK GB 32 wU macrrsquovqx `uvZ Gi macr^vfvweK
Aemacrrsquovb G _vKDaggerj Avcbvi `uvZ dagger`LvDaggere myrsaquo`i mvRvDaggerbv NDaggerii gDaggerZv| hLb `uvZ Zvi mwVK
AemacrrsquovDaggerb _vDaggerK bv ZLb GUv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri GeDaggerov dagger_eDaggerov GDaggerjvDaggergDaggerjv DPz-bxPz AemacrrsquovDaggerb| ZLb
Avcbvi `uvZ Avi mvRvDaggerbv myrsaquo`i AemacrrsquovDaggerb daggerbB daggerbB eDaggerjB dagger`LDaggerZ GiKg| hw` KvDaggeriv `uvZ
Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb daggerbB hv dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMDaggerQ ZvnDaggerj GKRb AfxAacute ADagger_vcopyWbwUdivide nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri Avcbvi cig eUumlz| Dwb cDaggerib mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg Avcbvi `uvZDaggerK myrsaquo`i KiDaggerZ|
ZvnDaggerj AvgvDagger`i mKDaggerji Rvbvi cOumlDaggerqvRb AvmDaggerj `uvDaggerZi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb daggerKvbwU Ges
daggerKv_vq| hvi dDaggerj Avgiv wbDaggerRivB eyDaggerS wbDaggerZ cviDaggerev AvgvDagger`i `uvZ Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerQ
wK bvB|
15
`uvDaggerZi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb wbfcopyi KDaggeri `vuDaggerZi AKnotzmb ev DcDaggerii cvwUi `uvZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi
`uvDaggerZi Kvgo Gi Dci| cOumlKhellipZ ADagger_copy `uvDaggerZi AKnotzmb gvDaggerb nDagger‛Q DcDaggerii cvwUi `uvDaggerZi mvDagger_
bxDaggerPi cvwUi `uvDaggerZi mcurrenuacuteKcopy hLb cvwUOslashq Kvgo dagger`qv ZvDagger`i c~bvcopysM msDaggerhvDaggerM (Cuspal
Occlusion) G iDaggerqDaggerQ|
hLb uvZ Ges `uvDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ Kvgo Zvi meDaggerPDaggerq mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb iDaggerqDaggerQ GgbwK mcurrenuacute~bcopy
KgcopyKZvcopy cwicyYcopy KDaggeri Ges `bdquowoacutebrsaquo`b ZvDaggerK `uvDaggerZi macr^vfvweK Kvgo ev bigvj AKnotzmb eDaggerj|
Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc 1-2wU `uvDaggerZ Aiacute Amacr^vfvweKZv _vKDaggerj I _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
`uvDaggerZi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb`uvDaggerZi macr^vfvweK Kvgo Gi kZcopycedilDaggerjv wbgœiƒc-
1| bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZ cedilDaggerjv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZ MyDaggerjvi Zzjbvq msLumlvMZ w`K w`Daggerq
GKUz mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere| Zvi Kvib nDaggerjv bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZcedilDaggerjv DcDaggerii
daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `uvDaggerZi daggerPDaggerq AvuKvDaggeri daggerQvU|
2| DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZ cedilDaggerjv GKwU wbw`copyoacute `yiZiexcl I KvgDaggeroi gvaumlDaggerg mvgDaggerb Ges wcQDaggerb
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK daggerXDaggerK ivLDaggere|
3| DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclb `uvZ (1st) Gi mvgDaggerb Ges evwnDaggerii w`DaggerK DPuy Ask wU
(Mesio Buccal Cusp) wbDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclb `uvDaggerZi mvgDaggerb Ges evwnDaggerii
gvSvgvwS daggerh uvDaggerZ bumlvq RvqMvq (Buccal Groove) Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
4| DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerQ`b `uvZ wbDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerQ`b Ges AMOumlDaggerclb (1st Premolar)
Gi gaumleZxcopy dvuKv macrrsquovDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
5| wbDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji KZcopyb `uvDaggerZi wKbviv (Incisal Edge) DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji KZcopyb `uvDaggerZi
cbdquoocircDagger`k (Zvjyi w`DaggerK) Gi gaumleZxcopy macrrsquovDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere| hv nDaggerZ nDaggere mwVK `yiZiexcl Ges
mwVK Kvgo mcurrenuacutebœ|
ZvnDaggerj dagger`ix daggerKb Gparazbx 1 wgwbU Avqbvi mvgDaggerb `vwoDaggerq dagger`DaggerL daggerbB AvgvDagger`i `uvZ Ges
`uvDaggerZi Kvgo Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb iDaggerqDaggerQ wK bv
-0-
16
GKwesk kZvatildexDaggerZ wPwKrmv weAacutevb DbœwZi Pig wkLDaggeri Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerQ| GB DbœwZi
daggerRvqvDaggerii mvDagger_ Zvj wgwjDaggerq `šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi AbumlZg cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy kvLv ADagger_vcopyWbwmqv I
GLb AvDaggeriv DbœZ| bvbvwea RwUj mgmumlvi mgvavb nDagger‛Q ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg|
Avmyb Avgiv cwiwPZ nB KZcedilDaggerjv cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy mgmumlvi mDaggerfrac12 hvi mgvavb Lye mnDaggerRB wPwKrmvi
gvaumlDaggerg Kiv hvq|
1 microvDwWs Crowding
GB aiDaggerYi mgmumlvq dagger`Lv hvq daggerPvqvDaggerj `vuZcedilDaggerjv AvuKv evuKv nDaggerq Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerQ ev
daggerPvqvDaggerj chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKvi KviDaggerY GK `vuZ Abuml `vuDaggerZi Dci DDaggerV daggerMDaggerQ|
microvDwWs Crowding
2 daggermacruacutewms (Spacing)
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS
dvuKv RvqMv _vKv|
17
3 wWmDaggercshymDaggergrsaquoU (Displacement)
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq GKwU `vuDaggerZi daggerh RvqMvq Aemacrrsquovb Kivi K_v daggermLvb dagger_DaggerK mDaggeri Abuml
RvqMvq PDaggerj hvq|
wWmDaggercshymDaggergrsaquoU
(Displacement)
4 GKDaggerUvwcK Bivcmb (Ectopic Eruption)
`vuZ Zvi wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV Abuml daggerKvb `vuDaggerZi RvqMvq ev Abuml daggerKvb
Amacr^vfvweK AemacrrsquovDaggerb DDaggerV|
GKDaggerUvwcK Bivcmb
(Ectopic Eruption)
5 Cross Bite ev DDaggereumlv Kvgo Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii daggerPqvDaggerji
mvgDaggerbi `vuZ cedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `uvZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL Ges DcDaggerii
daggerPvqvDaggerji wcQDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ mvgvbuml evBDaggerii
18
w`DaggerK _vDaggerK| GDaggerK Normal Bite ev macr^vfvweK Kvgo eDaggerj| GB Aemacrrsquovi DDaggereumlvwU hLb
NDaggerU ZLb ZvDaggerK Cross Bite ev DDaggereumlv Kvgo eDaggerj|
Cross Bite
ev DDaggereumlv Kvgo
6 (IDaggercb evBU) Open bite
Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerii cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi daggerPqvDaggerji
cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi GKwU macruacutekcopy _vDaggerK| daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` Kvgo dagger`qv Ae rsquovq DcDaggerii cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi msmacruacutekcopy bv _vDaggerK Ges Gi dDaggerj `yB cvwU `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS
dvuKv _vDaggerK ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Open bite eDaggerj|
IDaggercb evBU
(Open bite)
7 wWc evBU (Deep bite)
Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi
GK ZhellipZxqvsk daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL| wKšlsquo daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi cyDaggerivUv daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL ZLb ZvDaggerK Deep bite ev daggerewk Kvgo eDaggerj|
19
(wWc evBU) Deep bite
8 Knotvm 2 gumlvjAKnotzmb
(Class II malocclusion Division 1) GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ macr^vfvweDaggerKi daggerPDaggerq ADaggerbK mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| DcDaggerii cvwUcopyi mvgDaggerbi
`vZcedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK DuPz nq|
Knotvm 2 wWwfkb 1 gumlvjAvKnotzmb
11 Knotvm 3 gumlvjAKnotzmb (Class III Malocclusion)
20
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi cvwcopyUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL
ev DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi Inscisal Edge GDaggerK AcDaggerii DcDaggeri Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| hvDaggerK
Edge To Edge Bite eDaggerj|
Knotvm 3 gumlvjAKnotzmb
12 Zvjy KvUv I daggerVvuU KvUv t
GwU GKwU RbyenMZ mgmumlv ADaggerbDaggerK iumlay daggerVvU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv Avevi ADaggerbDaggerK Dfq
mgmumlv wbDaggerqB RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| AwfAacute wPwKrmKebdquoDaggerrsaquo`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutevi gvaumlDaggerg mwVK
mgDaggerq mwVK wPwKrmv w`Daggerq daggerVvuU I Zvjy KvUv fvDaggerjv Kiv AvRKvj daggerKvb mgmumlvB bq|
21
Zvjy KvUv
daggerVvuU KvUv
DcDaggerii AvDaggerjvPbvq Avwg wKQy mgmumlv Lye mnR fvlvq AvcbvDagger`i eySvDaggerZ daggerPoacutev KDaggeriwQ|
GmKj mgmumlvi mswparaszlig weeiY wfZDaggerii cOumlwZwU AaumlvDaggerq dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev KiwQ|
22
-0-
PROF IIDA JUN ICHI RO DR SAGOR amp
PROF TT YAMAMOTO AT KOREA
23
At IADR Seminar USA
Avcwb nqDaggerZvev Avcbvi wbDaggerRi A_ev daggerKvb wcOumlqRDaggerbi AvuKv evuKv `vuZ wbDaggerq LyeB
`ywethšmdashvMOumlmacr mdash| mywPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg Orthodontist AvcbvDaggerK GB `ywethšmdashv dagger_DaggerK gysup3 KiDaggerZ
cvDaggerib| wKšlsquo Avcwb wK RvDaggerbb daggerKb `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPz bxPz nq Avmyb bxDaggerPi AvDaggerjvPbvi
gvaumlDaggerg Avgiv cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy GB cOumlkœwUi DEumli LyuDaggerR daggerbB|
wewfbœ wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv wewfbœfvDaggere `vuZ AvuKv-evuKv nevi KviY mg~nDaggerK daggerkordfYxetimes
KDaggeriDaggerQb| AvcbvDagger`i Rvbvi myweavDagger_copy Lye mnR fvlvq `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi KviY mg~n wbDaggerP
dagger`qv njt
1| RbyenMZ KviY t K) wkiuml hw` daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| L) wkiumli
RDaggerbyeni mgq gv_vq AvNvZ daggercDaggerj| M) wewfbœ JlDaggerai cvkbrvbarcopy cOumlwZmicroqvi Rbuml|
2| eskMZ KviDaggerYt daggerPvqvj Lye daggerewk eo ev daggerQvU nDaggerj| daggerPvqvDaggerj me `vuZ aDaggeri
ivLvi gZ chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKDaggerj|
3| niDaggergvDaggerbi wewfbœ mgmumlv daggerhgbt Cretinism acromegali _vKDaggerj|
4| daggerPvqvj ev `vuDaggerZi bxDaggerP daggerKvb wUDgvi _vKDaggerj ev AvNvZ daggercDaggerj|
5| fyj ctimeswZDaggerZ Lvevi wMjDaggerj (Improper Swallowing)|
6| gyDaggerL daggerKvb `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKDaggerj|
7| `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AvKhellipwZ Amacr^vfvweK nDaggerj|
8| gyDaggerL AwZwisup3 daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj|
9| DaggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi gDaggerauml jydegvwqZ _vKDaggerj|
10| wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya `vuZ daggerdDaggerj w`Daggerj|
11| `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi ciI ADaggerbKw`b aDaggeri gyDaggerL Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerj|
12| macrrsquovqx daggerKvb `vuZ bv _vKDaggerj|
13| macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVDaggerZ dagger`ix KiDaggerj|
14| AvNvZ daggercDaggerj|
15| DaggerKvb `vuZ mnRfvDaggere DVDaggerZ euml_copy nDaggerj|
16| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv dagger`qv cOumlfbdquowZ AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi
cOumlavb KviYmg~nDaggerZv RvbDaggerjb| Avmyb bv Rvbv AacutevbUvDaggerK KvDaggerR jvMvB| DcDaggerivsup3
24
KviYmg~n hw` KvDaggeriv gvDaggerS dagger`LDaggerZ cvB ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY
KiDaggerZ ewj|
hLb KvDaggeriv gv_vq PzDaggerji cwigvb macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ Kg _vDaggerK ZLb ZvDaggerK KZB bv
`ywethšmdashv MOumlmacr mdash dagger`Lvq| gv_vi Pzjwenxb dvuKv macrrsquovb wKfvDaggere `~i Kiv hvq Zv wbDaggerq daggerhb wPšmdashvi daggerkl
_vDaggerK bv| wVK daggerZgwbfvDaggere wKQy gvbyDaggerli `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMv dagger`Lv hvq| ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcirc
Zviv Abuml gvbyDaggerli mvgDaggerb K_v ejDaggerZ GgbwK cOumlvb LyDaggerj nvmDaggerZI Amacr^wmacrmdash daggereva KDaggeri| hviv dvuKv
`vuDaggerZi mgmumlv fyMDaggerQb ZvDagger`i `ywethšmdashvi w`b daggerkl| ADagger_copyvWbwUKm wPwKrmvi KjumlvDaggerb dvuKv
`vuDaggerZi wPwKrmv GLb Avi daggerKvb mgmumlvB bq|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy
wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
25
mvaviY ADagger_copy Spacing ejDaggerZ Avgiv dvuKv macrrsquovb eywS| wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi fvlvq hLb
g yDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb daggerKvb `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMv _vDaggerK ZLb ZvDaggerK Spacing eDaggerj|
cOumlKviDaggerf` t Spacing `yB aiDaggerYi nDaggerq _vDaggerK|
1) Generalized Spacing daggerPvqvDaggerji me ev AwaKvsk `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv
_vKDaggerj|
2) Localized Spacing `yB ev ZDaggerZvwaK `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerj|
DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `ywU `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerj ZvDaggerK Median
Diastema eDaggerj|
Spacing ev dvuKvi KviY t
1 daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq `vuDaggerZi AvKvi hw` daggerQvU nq
2 RbyenMZfvDaggere daggerKvb `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKDaggerj|
3 Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj|
4 DaggerKvb `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AwZ paraz`ordf nDaggerj|
5 `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerj|
6 wmdivide wUDgvi _vKDaggerj|
7 wRnŸv eo _vKDaggerj| (macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ)
8 `vuZ wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK NyDaggeri daggerMDaggerj
9 GQvov daggerVuvU ev MvDaggerji KviDaggerY A_ev AwZwisup3 daggerKvb `vuZ gyDaggerL _vKDaggerj Zv cvDaggerki
`vuZDaggerK Pressure w`Daggerq mwiDaggerq Spacing KDaggeri|
Spacing wKfvDaggere wbYcopyq Kiv nq t
K) DaggerivMxi gyL MnŸi chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri
L) DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZiƒc ev Model dagger`DaggerL
M) x-ray dagger`DaggerL|
26
Spacing Gi Amyweav mg~nt
duvKv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI daggerivMxi Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv K_v ejvi
mgq daggerKvb daggerKvb katilde macruacuteoacutefvDaggere D‛PviDaggerY mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt
Spacing Gi wPwKrmv Kivi c~Daggerecopy daggerivMxi BwZnvm fvDaggerjvfvDaggere RvbDaggerZ nDaggere Ges
Spacing Gi mcurrencentveuml KviY mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggerZ nDaggere| hw` daggerivMxi Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK
hvi Rbuml `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMvi mbdquowoacute nDagger‛Q ZDaggere daggermB Afumlvm ev` dagger`qvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| ZviciI hw` daggerivMx Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere Habit breaking
appliance eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere| daggerKvb
TumourCyst _vKDaggerj Zv AcmviY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Spacing hw` Lye mvgvbuml cwigvDaggerY nq
Ges daggerivMxi hw` daggerKvb AwfDaggerhvM bv _vDaggerK ZDaggere wPwKrmv bv KivDaggerj I PDaggerj| ZDaggere Spacing
ADaggerbK daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontics wPwKrmv jvMDaggere| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri
wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wK aiDaggerYi wPwKrmv w`Daggereb| Spacing wVK Kivi Rbuml yB aiDaggerYi hšiquest ev
appliance use Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Removable Appliance)
Orthodontist `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ Fixed KDaggeri Appliance wU jvwMDaggerq w`Daggereb
(Fixed appliance) hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggerebv|
hw` `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mvgvbuml dvuKv _vDaggerK ZDaggere `vuDaggerZi iDaggerOi mvDagger_ wgwjDaggerq Filling Kiv
daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
GQvov gyDaggerLi Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS KhellipwIcircg `vuZ ewmDaggerq I Spacing Correction Kiv hvq| DaggerZv
Avcbvi hw` _vDaggerK dvuKv `vuDaggerZi mgmumlv ZDaggere PDaggerj Avmyb AwfAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ| wPwKrmv
KwiDaggerq `vuDaggerZi dvuKv wVK Kisbquob cOumlvY LyDaggerj nvmyb Avi nDaggerq DVyb AvKlcopyYxq|
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mvaviYfvDaggere Crowding ejDaggerZ daggerKvb wKQyi AvwaKumlDaggerK daggerevSvq| wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi
fvlvq gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKvi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi macr^vfvweK webumlvm evavMOumlmacrrsquo nDaggerq daggerh
wekbdquoldquoLjZv mbdquowoacute nq ZvDaggerK Crowding eDaggerj|
KviYmg~nt wewfbœ KviDaggerY gyDaggerL Crowding nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Zvi gDaggerauml DDaggerjshyLDaggerhvMuml
KviYmg~n bxDaggerP Dagger`qv njt
1 gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AvKhellipwZi mvgAumlmuml bv _vKDaggerj|
2 `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj|
3 `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi ADaggerbK AvDaggerM cDaggero daggerMDaggerj
4 macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVDaggerZ dagger`ix nDaggerj
5 AvNvZ daggercDaggerj
6 DaggerKvb `vuZ evowZ _vKDaggerj
7 Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj
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8 daggerPvqvj macr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes bv daggercDaggerj
Crowding wbYcopyqt
1 daggerivMxi gyLMnŸi chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri|
2 DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Model ev cOumlwZiƒc dagger`DaggerL
3 GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL|
Crowding Gi djvdj t
`vuDaggerZi Dci cOumlfvet Gi dDaggerj `vuZ Zvi wbDaggerRi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK NyDaggeri daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri
`vuZ daggernDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri GgbwK daggerKvb daggerKvb `vuZ bvI DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Dci cOumlfve t
1 DaggerivMx mvgvwRKfvDaggere wewfbœ mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
2 DaggermŠrsaquo`hcopynvwb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
3 `vuZ wVKgZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ bv cvivi KviDaggerY `vuZ I gvwoi wewfbœ daggerivDaggerM Avmicrovšmdash
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
4 nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmv t
1 cOumlwZDaggerivag~jK eumlemacrrsquovt
hw` daggerivMxi cwievDaggeri KvDaggeriv `vuDaggerZ Crowding _vDaggerK ZDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist-Gi chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ covi mwVK mgq bv Avmv chcopyšmdash `ya `vuZDaggerK msiparaY Kivi daggerPoacutev KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggerKvb paraqDaggerivM dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerZ daggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml
boacute bv nq|
Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj ZumlvM KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ mwVK mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj Zv wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq daggerdDaggerj dagger`qvi eumlemacrrsquov KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
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gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere avivevwnKfvDaggere wbw`copyoacute wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerK
wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi fvlvq Serial extraction ejv nq|
2 msDaggerkvab g~jK eumlemacrrsquov t
K) DaggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml evovDaggerbv
DaggerPvqvjDaggerK cOumlmvwiZ Kiv
mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK wKQyUv DuPz Kiv
Daggergvjvi `vuZDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerUDaggerb Daggerbqv
vuDaggerZi AvKvi daggerQvU KDaggeri daggerdjv
`vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjv t
Crowding Gi cwigvY Lye daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontist wVK KiDaggereb daggerKvb `vuZwU
daggerdjDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
Crowding Lye daggerewk nDaggerj ev gvSvwi aiDaggerYi nDaggerj Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggerq
Removable ev Fixed daggerh daggerKvb GK aiDaggerYi appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggereb|
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Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi
msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy AvDaggerm| wKšlsquo daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` DcDaggerii cvwUcopyi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy bv
AvDaggerm Ges Gi dDaggerj DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi cvwUcopyi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mecopy`v dvuKv macrrsquovb _vDaggerK Ges gyL
mcurrenuacute~YcopyiƒDaggerc eUuml bv nq ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Open Bite eDaggerj|
mvaviYfvDaggere Open Bite ejDaggerZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi
Kvgo bv jvMvDaggerK daggerevSvq|
Open bite mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ ev wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Open Bite Gi KviY
mg~nt Avfrac12yj weDaggerkl KDaggeri ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Open bite nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
31
wRnŸv macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ eo _vKDaggerj ev hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjvavdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm
_vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS _vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi
DcDaggerii AsDaggerk (occlusal surface) -G _vDaggerK ZDaggere Open Bite nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
G Qvov daggerivMx hw` Bony Dysplasia Congenital wmwdwjm BZumlvw` daggerivDaggerM fyDaggerM
_vDaggerK ZDaggereI Open bite Gi mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt Open bite Gi wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml mecopycOuml_g daggerivMxDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOuml_Daggerg Open bite nevi KviY
mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggereb| hw` daggerivMxi Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK
ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm `~i Kivi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb
KDaggerib ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm ~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance)
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib daggerivMxDaggerK|
Open bite hw` gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj hvq ZDaggere Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontic
appliance eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri hv Fixed ev Removable daggerh daggerKvb iKgB
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
hw` daggerPvqvDaggerji nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Open bite dagger`Lv hvq Ges daggerivMxi eqm hw` 6-12 eQi
nq ZDaggere Chin cap (Chin cap bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi ev bxDaggerPi w`DaggerKi ebdquowtimes
nIqvDaggerK cOumlwZDaggeriva KDaggeri) Gi mvDagger_ High pull head gear eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nevi ci Ges macrrsquovqx `vuZ me DVvi ci daggerPvqvDaggerji Amacr^vfvweK
ebdquowtimesRwbZ KviDaggerY daggerh Open bite nq Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Surgery Kiv DaggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq KvDaggeriv Open bite Gi mgmumlv _vKDaggerj AvovDaggerj Zvi mgvDaggerjvPbv bv
KDaggeri AvgvDagger`i mKDaggerji DwPZ ZvDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ
ejv| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cieZcopyx KiYxq mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy ejDaggerZ cviDaggereb| Zvui
civgkcopy Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY KiDaggerj Open bite wbivgq Kiv mcurrencente|
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`šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv Class II Malocclusion DaggerK `yB fvDaggerM fvM KDaggeriDaggerQb|
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion
2 Class II division 2 malocclusion
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion t
hw` KvDaggeriv daggerclY `vuDaggerZi mcurrenuacuteKcopy (Molar relation) Class II _vDaggerK Ges DcDaggerii
DaggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZ cedilDaggerjv DPz _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv Class II Division 1 Gi Ašmdashfycopysup3|
Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK
(Convex profile) DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ daggerewk daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL
DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK daggerewk mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| `vuZ DuPz nevi KviDaggerY
daggerivMx ADaggerbK mgq `yB daggerVuvU eUuml KiDaggerZ cvDaggeribv|
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2 Class II division 2 Malocclusion
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc Molar Relation Class II _vKDaggere A_copyvr DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev
Molar `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev Molar `vuDaggerZi dagger_DaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ mvgDaggerb
Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv wKQyUv wfZDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb
KiDaggere| mvaviYZ DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj GKB iKg AemacrrsquovDaggerb _vKDaggere (Straight Profile)
DcDaggerii `vuZcedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK cyDaggerivUv daggerXDaggerK ivLDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`ix bv KDaggeri GKRb Orthodontist daggerK Rvbvb|
Orthodontist wewfbœ chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri wPwKrmv ctimeswZ wVK KiDaggereb|
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Avcbvi AvDaggerk cvDaggerki gvbylcedilDaggerjvDaggerK GKUz fvDaggerjvfvDaggere jpara KiDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggereb daggerewki
fvM gvbyDaggerliB DcDaggeri daggerPvqvj Ges DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji
`vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ mvgvbuml GKUz mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK| Ges GUvB nDaggerjv macr^vfvweK| wKšlsquo wKQy gvbyDaggerli
daggerparaDaggerIcirc Gi DDaggereumlvUv dagger`Lv dagger`q| A_copyvr ZvDagger`i bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK _vDaggerK DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj ev DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ| GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi
fvlvq eDaggerj Class III malocclusion|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
`yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| 1Uv nDaggerjv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY| GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii
cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
35
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi
MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb dagger`DaggerL GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wKfvDaggere wPwKrmv KiDaggerj
daggerivMx mDaggerecopyvEumlg djvdj cvq|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion nq ZDaggere Orthodontic
Treatment A_copyvr iumlaygvIcirc Brace cwoDaggerqB wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere evošmdash ev cwiYZ daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB| ZDaggere Lye daggerewk eqDaggerm wPwKrmv KivDaggerj wPwKrmvi mgq daggereDaggero hvDaggere|
hw` evošmdash eqDaggerm nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion dagger`Lv dagger`q ZDaggere
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvjDaggerK mvgDaggerb Avbvi Rbuml ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvjDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerbqvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK wewfbœ
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aiDaggerYi hšiquest dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri eumlenvDaggerii Rbuml| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Face Mask Chin Cap DDaggerjshyL
daggerhvMuml|
hw` cwiYZ eqDaggerm gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerqi Class III malocclusion hv nvDaggerii MVDaggerbi
KviDaggerY nDaggerqDaggerQ Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ ZDaggere kjuml wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
37
evBgumlvmiddot
evBgvmiddot `y aiDaggerbi nq| evBgumlvwmiddotjvix cOumlUzordfmb Ges evBgumlvwmiddot jvix cOumlwKnotDaggerbmb| wK KwVb
katilde| Avmyb Lye mnDaggerR daggerRDaggerb daggerbB `uvZ I gvwoi Avi GK mgmumlv hvi bvg evBgvmiddot|
evBgumlvmiddot mgmumlvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj wKsev `uvZ wKsev DfqB mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK DPzu _vDaggerK| dDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv daggerVvU DPzu nDaggerq _vKv GgbwK gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ
cviv mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
mvavibZ `uvZ hw` Zzjbvg~jK fvDaggere eo GgbwK daggerPvqvj jcurren^v wKsev daggerXvK wMjvi mgq
wRnev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK Amacr^vfvweK fvDaggere `uvZDaggerK mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK daggerVjv w`Daggerj GB aiDaggerbi mgmumlv nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| NveovDaggerbvi wKQzB daggerbB GB mgmumlvi mgvavb Lye myrsaquo`i KDaggeri GK AwfAacute ADagger_copyDaggerWbwUdivide
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib| gDaggerb ivLDaggerZ nDaggere cOumlv_wgK Aemacrrsquovq GB mgmumlvi mgvavb KiDaggerj ZZUv RwUjZv nq
bv| eDaggerqvmwUuml KvDaggerji c~Daggere eDaggerqvmmwUuml KvDaggerji mgq Ges cDaggeri wPwKrmv eumlemacrrsquov cbdquo_K cbdquo_K nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
38
myrsaquo`Daggerii c~Rvix mKDaggerjB ZvB GB mgmumlv mgvavb KDaggeri
Avcwb nDaggerq DVyb myrsaquo`i `uvZ I nvwmi AwaKvix
39
daggerMR `vuZ(High Canine) DPz KZcopyb `vuZ t
AvgvDagger`i gyDaggerL eqm 5 eQi chcopyšmdash daggerh 20 wU `vuZ _vDaggerK Zvi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ
_vDaggerK| eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ 20wU `ya `vuZ hLb cDaggero wMDaggerq macrrsquovqx `vuZ DDaggerV ZLbI daggergvU
32wU `vuDaggerZi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ _vDaggerK| G KZcopyb `uvZcedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi 4wU daggerKvbvq AewmacrrsquoZ| ZvB
GDagger`iDaggerK Corner Stone of mouth eDaggerj| bvg iumlbDaggerjB daggerevSv hvq G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Lv`uml`ordfeumlDaggerK
KZcopyb KiDaggerZ Ges wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri| G `vuZ cedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK kwsup3kvjx| KviY G `vuDaggerZi
GbvDaggergDaggerji cyisbquoZiexcl Daggerewk Ges mvgDaggerbi 4wU `vuDaggerZi (Pecopyb `vuZ-Incisor tooth) ciciB
AewmacrrsquoZ| daggerKvb daggerKvb mgq wewfbœ KviY ekZt G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Zvi wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK wfbœ
AemacrrsquovDaggerb dagger`Lv hvq| hw` G `vuZcedilDaggerjv gvwoi gDaggerauml ev DcDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri ZLb ZvDaggerK
High Canine ev daggerMR `vuZ ejv nq| Avevi KLDaggerbv GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv Zvjyi w`K w`Daggerq DDaggerV|
ZLb GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK Palataly placed canine eDaggerj| Avevi KLDaggerbv I gvwo ev Zvjyi wfZDaggeri
G `vuZ Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| ZLb ZvDaggerK Impacted Canine ejv nq| GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi gDaggerauml
AZxe Risbquoix PviwU `vuZ| GB `vuZ daggerhgb Lv`uml`ordfeuml KZcopyb I wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri cvkvcvwk
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daggerPvqvDaggerji bovPovDaggerK wbqšiquestY KDaggeri| GB `vuZDaggerK Beauty tooth I ejv nq| ZvB G `vuDaggerZi
mvwietimesfvDaggere webumlvm LyeB Risbquoix|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ daggerh KDaggerqKwU mgmumlv ZzDaggerj aiv nDaggerjv G mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi mgvavb LyeB Risbquoix|
hw` daggerKD GiKg daggerKvb mgmumlvq fyDaggerM _vDaggerKb ZDaggere AwfAacute Orthodontist -B nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
Avcbvi myrsaquo`i nvwm wdwiDaggerq dagger`qvi cig eUumlz|
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daggerVvuU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerki wkiumlDagger`i GKwU AbumlZg
mgmumlv| wewfbœ MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv wMDaggerqDaggerQ cOumlwZ 700 RDaggerb 1 Rb daggerVvuU KvUv Ges cOumlwZ 1000 RDaggerb
1 Rb wkiuml Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| daggerVvuU KvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggerQDaggerj wkiumlDagger`i Ges
ZvjyKvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggergDaggerq-wkiumlDagger`i gvDaggerS|
wewfbœ KviDaggerY wkiuml daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri _vDaggerK| kZKiv 25 fvM daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GUv eskMZ KviDaggerY nDaggerq _vDaggerK| hw` 1 Rb ZvjyKvUv daggerivMx 1 Rb mymacrrsquo gvbylDaggerK weDaggerq KDaggeri ZDaggere
ZvDagger`i ev‛Pvi ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kivi mcurrencentvebv kZKiv 2 fvM|
Mfcopyvemacrrsquovi cOuml_g fvDaggerM gv hw` daggerKvb fvBivj BbDaggerdKkDaggerb Avmicrovšmdash nq ev kvixwiKfvDaggere
AvNvZcOumlvszlig nq ev niDaggergvDaggerbi fvimvgumlnxbZvq fyDaggerM ev wfUvwgDaggerbi AfvDaggere fyDaggerM _vDaggerK ev
daggeriwWDaggerqkDaggerb GmiddotDaggercvR nq ev _umlvwjDaggerWvgvBW RvZxq Ilya MOumlnY KDaggeri ZDaggere wkiumli daggerVvuU ev
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| KvDaggerQi AvZyenxq macr^RDaggerbi gvDaggerS weDaggerq nDaggerjI wkiuml G mgmumlv
wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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DaggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq wkiuml RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerj cwieviDaggerK bvbv aiDaggerYi mvgvwRK I gvbwmK
mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ nq| wkiuml hLb GB mgmumlv wbDaggerq eo nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZLb daggermI gvbwmKfvDaggere
nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ _vDaggerK| G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ K_v
ejDaggerZ I iumlbDaggerZ mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| `vuDaggerZi mgmumlvi gDaggerauml hv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Zvi gDaggerauml AbumlZg
nDagger‛Q-wewfbœ `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKv `vuZ wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV gyDaggerLi Abuml daggerKvb RvqMvq
DVv evowZ wKQy `vuZ _vKv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb ksup3 bv nIqv `vuDaggerZi MVb myrsaquo`i bv nIqv
gvwoi wewfbœ mgmumlv `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPy-bxPz nIqv|
daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv daggerivMxDagger`i wPwKrmv weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmKDagger`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutev Qvov mcurrencente
bq| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Orthodontist Gi f~wgKv iumlisbquo nq ev‛Pvi RDaggerbyeni ci ciB| daggerhDaggernZz daggerVvuU I
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv nq daggermRbuml wkiumli RDaggerbyeni ci ciB
gyDaggerLi wfZi covi Rbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b daggerhb wkiumli daggerLDaggerZ
daggerKvb mgmumlv bv nq|
kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wkiumli 3-6 gvm eqDaggerm daggerVvuU I 1-2 eQi eqDaggerm Zvjy wVK KiDaggerZ
nDaggere GKRb AwfAacute kjuml wPwKrmK Oslashviv| kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg daggerVvuU I Zvjy wVK Kivi ci
wkiumli DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj hvDaggerZ msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GK aiDaggerYi
Appliance ev hšiquest bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b|
wkiumli Mixed dentition stage (6-12 eQi eqm) -G gyDaggerL daggerKvb AwZwisup3 `vuZ
_vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GQvov mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Cross bite _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuZ
AvuKv evKv _vKDaggerj ev Molar ev daggerclY `vDaggerZi Relation wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere Removable ev Fixed appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo
KiDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
me macrrsquovqx `vuZ PDaggerj Avmvi ci macrrsquovqxfvDaggere daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Kvgo (Occlusion
improve) wVK Kivi Rbuml Fixed ev Removable appliance w`Daggerq Orthodontist
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb Ges daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggereb|
GB mgDaggerq gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyDaggerK wVK Kivi Rbuml cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj Bony Graft Kiv daggerhDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| Gi dDaggerj Orthodontic treatment Gi daggerh djvdj ZvI Aparazbœ _vKDaggere|
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daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLvi ci Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere daggerivMxDaggerK
Permanent Retainer bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv daggerivMxDaggerK me mgq cDaggero _vKDaggerZ nDaggere|
Amacrlsaquovi weRqx DaggerRvqvDaggerKb wdwbmiddot RDaggerbyeni mgq daggerVvuU KvuUv wQj
daggerVvuU KuvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv daggerKvb Awfkvc bq| mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg
GDaggerK mvwiDaggerq daggerZvjv mcurrencente| `iKvi iumlay mevi mDaggerPZbZv Avi mwVK mgDaggerq weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri daggerm Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY Kiv|
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ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerKvb eqDaggerm iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ Zv AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKiB ARvbv|
ADaggerbK AwffveKB eySDaggerZ cvDaggerib bv wkiumli ADagger_copyvWbwUK mgmumlvi Rbuml daggerKvb eqDaggerm
Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| AAacutevbZvi Rbuml ev Abuml daggerKvb wOslashav-OslashDaggerrsaquo`i
KviDaggerY Zviv ADaggerbK mgqB ADaggerbK dagger`ix KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb wPwKrmvi
Rbuml| dDaggerj wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc wPwKrmvi eumlvwszligKvj daggereDaggero hvq| wKQyDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK
chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc
wPwKrmvi djvdj Avkvbyiƒc nq bv| KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv KZUv
Risbquoix| GLb Avwg ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi eqm mxgv wbDaggerq AvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri AvcbvDagger`i
wKQyUv nDaggerjI aviYv dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev Kie|
AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerk ADaggerbK wkiumlB daggerVvuU ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| Kzmsmacrlsaquoviv‛Qbœ
gvbyliv GDaggerK Awfkvc ev fvDaggerMumli wjLb gDaggerb KDaggeri nvZ cv cedilwUDaggerq eDaggerm _vDaggerK daggerKvb wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri bv| wKšlsquo gDaggerb ivLDaggereb daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumli
AwffveKDagger`i DwPZ RDaggerbyeni ci ciB GKRb AwfAacute Orhodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY Kiv|
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KviY G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i RDaggerbyeni ciB cOumlavb I cOuml_g daggerh mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q Zv nDaggerjv Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mgmumlv| Orthodontist Gmgq GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv wkiumlDaggerK Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml LyeB parawZKi GKwU Afumlvm|
mvaviYZ `yB dagger_DaggerK wZb eQi eqDaggermi gDaggerauml Avcbv Avcwb wkiuml G AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KDaggeri daggerdDaggerj|
wKšlsquo ZviciI hw` wkiuml AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere AwffveKDagger`i Gi parawZKi w`KwU
mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere Ges microgvMZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv PjDaggerZ _vKDaggerj wkiumlDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj G AfumlvmwU
`~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance) bullZwi KDaggeri w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib
hvDaggerZ KDaggeri fwelumlDaggerZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi KviDaggerY wkiumli `vuDaggerZi webumlvm AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv hvq|
mvaviYZ 5-6 eQi eqm dagger_DaggerK wkiumlDagger`i `ya `vuZ coDaggerZ iumlisbquo KDaggeri| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK mgq
dagger`Lv hvq AvNvZ RwbZ paraq RwbZ ev Abuml daggerKvb daggerivDaggerMi KviDaggerY wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya
`vuZ cDaggero hvq ev daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| `vuZ covi ci daggerh dvuKv RvqMvwU _vDaggerK daggerm RvqMvwU ZLb
`yB cvDaggerki `vuZ w`Daggerq eUuml nDaggerq hvq| dDaggerj rsquovqx `vuZ DVvi Rbuml chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv daggercDaggerq
Amacr^vfvweK daggerKvb RvqMvq `vuZ DDaggerV Ges `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi mcurrencentvebv daggereDaggero hvq| GB dvuKv
macrrsquovbwU hvDaggerZ cvDaggerki `vuZ Oslashviv eUuml bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl hšiquest bullZwi
KDaggeri w`Daggereb hvDaggerK Space maintainer eDaggerj| KvDaggerRB daggerKvb `ya`vuZ hw` Zvi wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi
AvDaggerM cDaggero hvq ZDaggere dagger`ix bv KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi mvDagger_ dagger`Lv Kisbquob|
ADaggerbK ev‛PvDagger`i dagger`Lv hvq DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj daggerewk evoDaggerQ ev hZUzKz evovi K_v
ZZUzKz evoDaggerQ bv| Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc evošmdash eqDaggerm (6-12) Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cOumlDaggerqvRb AbymvDaggeri Face
mask ev Chin cap eumlenvi KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb hv ev‛Pvi DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimesDaggerK
mwVK AmacrrsquovDaggerb wbDaggerZ mnvqZv KiDaggere|
DaggerVuvU I ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i daggerVvuU I Zvjy kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wVK
Kivi ci mwVK mgq Orthodontist Gmiddotcvbmb macrŒz (Expansion screw) ZvjyDaggerZ jvwMDaggerq
dagger`b hvDaggerZ DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq| G wkiumlDagger`i 8-10 eQi eqDaggerm bone
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grafting Kivi Rbuml kjuml wPwKrmKDaggerK cOumlDaggerqvRbxq civgkcopy I mnvqZv w`Daggerq _vDaggerKb
Orthodontist|
6-12 eQi eqDaggerm hLb wkiumli gyDaggerL `ya I macrrsquovqx Dfq cOumlKvi `vuZ we`umlgvb ZLb hw`
`vuDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo (Cross bite) daggerewk Kvgo (Deep bite) dagger`Lv hvq ZDaggere
Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRbxq eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggereb hvDaggerZ fwelumlDaggerZ KvgocedilDaggerjv AvDaggeriv Lvivc -Gi w`DaggerK
bv hvq|
`ya `vuZ me cDaggero hvevi ci I macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVvi ci AvuKv evuKv DuPz -bxPz `vuZ wVK
Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS Removable Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ
ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere) ev Fixed Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere bv) w`Daggerq
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb|
ADaggerbDaggerKiB gDaggerbB cOumlkœ _vDaggerK daggerh daggerewk eqDaggerm Orthodontic wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere wKbv|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuZ nvo I GDagger`i mvDagger_ mcurrenuacuteKcopyhysup3 structure cedilDaggerjv fvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZDaggere daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv Kiv mcurrencente|
cOumlvszlig eqDaggerm hw` DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj hw` Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes daggercDaggerq _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv
wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj kjuml wPwKrmvi Oslashvimacrrsquo nDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi mdjZv wbfcopyi KDaggeri wPwKrmDaggerKi AwfAacuteZv daggerivMx I Zvi
AwffveDaggerKi mnDaggerhvwMZv I mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi Dci|
gDaggerb ivLDaggereb mgDaggerqi GK daggerdvuo AmgDaggerqi `k daggerdvuo| mwVK mgDaggerq mwVK KvRwU KiDaggerj
Avcwb daggerh djvdj cvDaggereb dagger`ix KDaggeri KvRwU KiDaggerj daggermB djvdj Avcwb bvI daggercDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
Avcbvi daggerKvb wbKURDaggerbi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj mwVK mgDaggerq Orthodontist
Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggerZ fyjDaggereb bv daggerhb|
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Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Dci Bracket
ev Brace covDaggerbv _vDaggerK| Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq
Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv wbDagger`kcopyvejx wVKgZ daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj wPwKrmv cieZcopyx RwUjZv dagger`Lv
dagger`evi mcurrencentvebv LyeB Kg|
Fixed Orthodontic treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq gyL I `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZ weDaggerkl hZœ wbDaggerZ
nDaggere| daggerhme welDaggerqi Dci daggerewk daggerewk bRi ivLDaggerZ nDaggere Zv bxDaggerP dagger`qv nDaggerjvt
1 daggerhw`b daggerivMxi gyDaggerL Bracket emvDaggerbv nDaggere Zvici dagger_DaggerK 24 NrsaquoUv chcopyšmdash ksup3 Lvevi
LvIqv DwPZ bq| GDaggerZ Bracket LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| H 24 NrsaquoUv Lye daggerRvDaggeri daggerRvDaggeri `vuZ
eordfvk Kiv I DwPZ bq| daggerivMx Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv civgkcopy Abyhvqx `vuZ eordfvk
KiDaggere I macr^vfvweK Lvevi LvDaggere|
2 Bracket covDaggerbvi 2-3 w`b chcopyšmdash daggerivMxi GKUz Amacr^wmacrmdash nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GDaggerZ fDaggerqi wKQy
daggerbB| gyDaggerL bZzb wKQy wRwbm emvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2-3 w`b ci Zv AfumlvDaggerm cwiYZ nDaggerq
hvDaggere|
3 cOumlwZevi Lvevi LvIqvi ci AekumlB `vuZ fvDaggerjvfvDaggere eordfvk KiDaggerZ nDaggere| mKvDaggerj I ivDaggerZ
daggerdnotvivBW hysup3 Uz_Daggercdivide w`Daggerq `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggere| Abumlvbuml mgq Uz_ daggercoacute Qvov eordfvk KiDaggerjI
PjDaggere|
4 cOumlwZ wZb (3) gvm ci ci Uz_eordfvk e`j KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Uz_eordfvDaggerki weordfmampjcedilDaggerjv daggerhb big
(Medium soft) nq Zv daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
5 Bracket ev appliance -Gi Dci bxDaggerP 45 daggerKvDaggerY eordfvk aDaggeri `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
6 Lye daggerRvDaggeri Pvc w`Daggerq eordfvk Kiv hvDaggere bv| GDaggerZ KDaggeri Appliance LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
7 `vuDaggerZi daggerh cvDaggerk Appliance AvDaggerQ daggermB cvDaggerk Appliance -Gi Dci AvjDaggerZvfvDaggere
NywiDaggerq NywiDaggerq eordfvk KDaggeri `vuZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| `vuDaggerZi Abumlvbuml cvkcedilDaggerjvI daggerhb
fvDaggerjvfvDaggere cwireglsaquovi Kiv nq daggermw`DaggerK daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
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8 cOumlwZevi Lvevi Gi ci eordfvk Kiv mcurrencente bv nDaggerj LyefvDaggerjv KDaggeri KzjKzwP KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
9 `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerSi gqjv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Dental Floss eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
DaggerKvb KvwV ev myuB w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerLvPvDaggerbv hvDaggere bv|
10 wRnŸv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Tongue Cleanser eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
11 cOumlDaggerqvRDaggerb fvDaggerjv Mouth Wash eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere ZDaggerewPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy
Abyhvqx|
12 `vuDaggerZi gvwo Avfrac12yj w`Daggerq Massage Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
13 daggerKvb appliance daggerfDaggerfrac12 daggerMDaggerj ev LyDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ev Appliance Gi KviDaggerY gyDaggerL daggerKvb
mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj dagger`ix bv KDaggeri mDaggerfrac12 mDaggerfrac12 Orthondontist-Gi civgkcopy wbDaggerZ nDaggere|
14 wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq ksup3 Lvevi (nvo AvL) LvIqv cwinvi KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
15 AvVvDaggerjv RvZxq Lvevi (PzBs Mvg) LvIqv ev` w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
16 daggercqviv AvDaggercj ev daggerh daggerKvb ksup3 Lvevi Kvgo w`Daggerq bv daggerLDaggerq daggerQvU daggerQvU UzKiv KDaggeri
daggerLDaggerZ nDaggere|
17 Orthodontist DaggerhfvDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK AvmDaggerZ ejDaggereb (1gvm ci ci) AekumlB Zv cvjb
KiDaggerZ nDaggere| bv nDaggerj daggerivMxi wPwKrmv daggerkl nDaggerZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi daggerewk jvMDaggere|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbPz `vuZ wVK Kivi Rbuml daggerhgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Oslashviv mwVK wPwKrmv daggerZgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerivMx Ges daggerivMxi AwffveDaggerKi
mnDaggerhvwMZv Ges Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy Abyhvqx Pjv| ZDaggereB DaggerivMx wPwKrmv DaggerkDaggerl cvDaggere
KvwldquoparaZ myrsaquo`i `vuZ|
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mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
50
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ dnotwms
51
daggerQvAElig GKwU evMvDaggerb hw` ADaggerbKcedilDaggerjv MvQ daggereDaggero DVDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZDaggere ADaggerbK MvDaggerQi macr^vfvweK ebdquowtimes
weboacute nq Ges evMvbwU wKQyw`b ci Nb Rfrac12Daggerj cwiYZ nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK| ZLb hw` daggermLvb
dagger_DaggerK wKQy MvQ daggerKDaggerU daggerdjv nq ZDaggere evMvbwUi evKxMvQcedilDaggerjv iparav daggercDaggerq macr^vfvweKfvDaggere daggereDaggero
DVDaggere|
daggerZgwb gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerh cwigvY RvqMv AvDaggerQ Zvi daggerPDaggerq hw` `vuDaggerZi msLumlv daggerewk wKsev
`vuZ Lye daggerekx AvuKv evKv DuPz `uvZ _vKDaggerj ZDaggere Zv wVK KDaggeri `vuZDaggerK mywebumlvmacrmdash myrsaquo`i KDaggeri
daggerZvjvi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgq daggerivMxi wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB daggerivMx ev
Zvi AwffveK `vuZ daggerZvjvi K_v iumlbDaggerj fq cvq| Zviv fvDaggere `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ ADaggerbK euml_v
jvMDaggere ev daggerPvDaggerLi daggereordfBDaggerbi hw` daggerKvb parawZ nq| Zviv Orthodontist daggerK `vuZ bv ZzDaggerj
wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml AbyDaggeriva KDaggeri _vDaggerK| wKšlsquo ZvDagger`i G mKj aviYv mcurrenuacute~Ycopy Ag~jK| `vuZ
ZzjDaggerj daggerPvDaggerLi ev daggereordfBDaggerbi daggerKvb parawZ nqbv| GKRb AwfAacute wPwKrmK ZvB KiDaggereb hv KiDaggerj
daggerivMxi wPwKrmv fvDaggerjvfvDaggere mcurrenuacutebœ nDaggere Ges daggerivMx I Zvi AwffveK mšlsquowoacute jvf KiDaggere| Avi
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM wbw copyoacute rsquovb fvDaggerjvfvDaggere Aek KDaggeri wbDaggerj Ges wPwKrmDaggerKi dagger`qv DcDagger`k `vuZ
daggerZvjvi w`b I cieZcopyx KDaggerqKw`b mwVKfvDaggere daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj `vuZ daggerZvjvi ci daggerivMxi daggerZgb daggerKvb
Amyweav nq bv ejDaggerjB PDaggerj|
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`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM
`vuZ daggerZvjvi cDaggeri
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ADaggerbDaggerKB AvDaggerQb hviv ivDaggerZ NygvDaggerbvi AvDaggerM Ges mKvDaggerj bvmacrmdashv Lvevi ci `vuZ eordfvk
KDaggerib `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Kvj wejcurren^ bv KDaggeri `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggerib
`vuDaggerZi mymacrrsquoZvi Rbuml hv hv `iKvi Zviv Zv-B KDaggerib| GmeB nDaggerjv fvDaggerjv Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi
Rbuml LyeB DcKvix|
wKšlsquo Ggb wKQy Afumlvm AvDaggerQ hv gyL I `vuDaggerZi macr^vDaggermacrrsquoumli Rbuml LyeB parawZKi| Gme
e`AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi bvbv aiDaggerYi mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q| GB AfumlvmcedilDaggerjvi gDaggerauml Avfrac12yj
daggerPvlv wRnŸampv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv ev daggerVjv dagger`Iqv daggerKvb mgmumlv bv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI gyL w`Daggerq wbkbrvbarvm
daggerbqv daggerVvuU I bL KvgovDaggerbv AbumlZg|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK| evev gv hw` GUv daggerLqvj KDaggerib ZDaggere wkiumlDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere daggerh Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv Lvivc| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz nDaggerq hvq ADaggerbK mgq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bvI coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Open bite) bxDaggerPi
54
daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZcedilDaggerjv msKzwPZ nDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK hZUzKz daggerXDaggerK ivLv
DwPZ Zv KDaggerg daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerbvi ci I hw` Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm bv KDaggerg ZDaggere wkiumli 2-3 eQi eqm
chcopyšmdash ADaggercparav KiDaggerZ nDaggere| ADaggerbK mgq 3 eQi eqDaggermi ci wkiumli GB Afumlvm PDaggerj hvq|
ZviciI hw` wkiuml G Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere GKRb AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12
civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| wPwKrmK `iKvi gDaggerb nDaggerj daggerKvb Appliance ev hšiquest w`Daggereb hv
wkiumlDaggerK GB Afumlvm `~i KiDaggerZ mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wkiumli hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK ZDaggere DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DPuy nDaggerq hvq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bv coDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerivMx gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri
wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq Avcbvi daggermvbvgwbi hw` Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml
parawZKi ZDaggere cOuml_DaggergB ZvDaggerK eySvb| ZvDaggerZ KvR bv nDaggerj Aemacrrsquov hvDaggerZ AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv
hvq daggermRbuml AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy Kisbquob|
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OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
56
CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
57
KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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58
DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
59
GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
60
ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
61
daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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62
cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
3
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
myrsaquo`i `vuZ myrsaquo`i nvwm Ges
myrsaquo`i gyL daggercDaggerZ nDaggerj
RvbDaggerZ nDaggere
Wvt daggergvt daggerLvDaggerkcopy` Avjg (mvMi)
wewWGm (wWBD) wcwRwU wcGBPwW (Rvcvb)
সিসিয়র লেকচারার
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm wefvM
সকে অফ লেনটাে িাইনস
ইউসিভারসিটি িাইনস |
B-daggergBj dralamgmailcom
dralamkkusmmy
4
daggerjLK cwiwPwZ I Rxeb ebdquoEumlvšmdash
daggergvt daggerLvDaggerkcopy` Avjg (mvMi) সিসিয়র লেকচারার ADagger_copyvWbwUKm wefvM সকে অফ লেনটাে িাইনস ইউসিভারসিটি িাইনস মালযেশিো| cyivZb XvKvi wmwIumlK evRvDaggeri
Rbyen| evev AvjnvRiexcl daggergvt Bmjvg gv daggerRvevB`v kvnxb| cvuP fvB
daggerevDaggerbi gDaggerauml Wvt mvMi daggergS| daggerQvU daggerejv dagger_DaggerK Wvt nIqvi kL gDaggerbi
gDaggerauml jvjb KDaggeri gvDaggerqi AKnotvšmdash cwikordfDaggergi `isbquob AvR Wvt mvMi-Gi
Aemacrrsquovb|
evsjvDagger`k DaggerWrsaquoUvj KDaggerjR Gi cOuml_g eumlvP Gi QvIcirc Wvt mvMi cOumlwZwU cixparav KhellipwZDaggerZiexcli
mvDagger_ KhellipZKvhcopy nDaggerq mKj wkparaDaggerKiB LyeB Av`Daggerii QvIcirc wQDaggerjb Zvi GB KhellipwZZiexcl Ges AKnotvšmdash
cwikordfg Gi `isbquob BrsaquoUvwbcopy daggerkl Kivi ci ciB miKvwifvDaggere Rvcvb miKvi Gi gbeyKvMvKzDaggermv
macrlsaquojvikxc wbDaggerq daggernvdegvBDaggerWv wekbrvbarwe`umlvjDaggerq ADagger_copyvWbwUKm welDaggerq D‛PZi cOumlwkparaDaggerY hvb| `xNcopy
cvuP eQi w`b ivZ cwikordfDaggergi ci wcGBPwW wWMOumlx jvf KDaggerib| Rvcvb _vKvKvjxb mgq wZwb
RvcvDaggerbi wewfbœ kni daggerKvwiqv ADaggerdivideordfwjqv Ges AvDaggergwiKvDaggerZ Dbvi MDaggerelYv Dcmacrrsquovcb KDaggeri
cOumlkswmZ nb| Dbvi GB chcopyšmdash 25wUi I AwaK MDaggerelYvi Rvbcopyvj wewfbœ BrsaquoUvibumlvkbvj I
bumlvkbvj Rvbcopyvj G cOumlKvwkZ nDaggerqDaggerQ| wewfbœ mgq dagger`Daggerki macr^bvgabuml bull`wbK cwIcircKvq Ges daggernj_
gumlvMvwRb G Dbvi daggerjLv cOumlKvwkZ nDaggerqDaggerQ|
Wvt mvMi ADagger_copyvWbwUKm welq Ges ADagger_copyvWbwUKm wPwKrmvi RMDaggerZ wbDaggerRDaggerK wbDaggerqvwRZ
daggeriDaggerL dagger`k I dagger`Daggerki gvbyDaggerli daggermev KiDaggerZ Pvb|
daggerjLDaggerKi mnawgcopybx Wvt daggerinvbv emix (jvwgkv) wbDDaggerivDaggergwWwmDaggerbi Dci wcGBPwWwWMOumlx
jvf KDaggeriDaggerQb| Dbvi cov wewfbœ KvDaggerR wZwb memgqB Drmvn hywMDaggerqDaggerQb| Dbvi RxeDaggerb Zvi
Ae`vb Abmacr^xKvhcopy| Wvt mvMi I Wvt jvwgkvOtildei Ni AvDaggerjv KDaggeri AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i GKgvIcirc cyIcirc mšmdashvb daggergvt
kviwRj|
5
উৎসরগ Avgvi Avcurrensecty ও আবব hvi Rbuml Avgvi GB
Rxeb|
Avgvi daggerQDaggerj daggergvt kviRxj Avjg hvDaggerK
dagger`LDaggerj Avgvi gb fvDaggerjv nDaggerq hvq| me Knotvwšmdash `~i
nDaggerq hvq|
6
cig KisbquoYvgq Avjshyvni bvDaggerg Avicurrencent KiwQ-
KhellipZAacuteZv cOumlKvk
KhellipZAacuteZv RvbvDaggerZ PvB Avgvi kordfDaggertimesq wkparaKDagger`i hviv AvgvDaggerK GB Ae rsquovDaggerb Avmvi
Rbuml memgq mvnvhuml mnDaggerhvwMZv I AbyDaggercOumliYv hywMDaggerqDaggerQb-
1| Prof Iida Junichiro Chairman Orthodontics Department
Hokkaido University Japan
2| Asst Professor Kajii S Takashi Orthodontics
Department Hokkaido University Japan
3| Prof Amirul Islam Principal Bangladesh Dental College
4| Asso Prof Lamiya Chowdhury Ex Head Orthodontics
Department Sapporo Dental College
AvDaggeriv KhellipZAacuteZv cOumlKvk KiDaggerZ PvB Avgvi kordfDaggertimesq wkparaK Prof
Emadul Haq (EX Principal Dhaka Dental College City
Dental College) mumlviDaggerK hvi Orthodontics eB cDaggero Avwg daggermB QvIcirc
eqm dagger_DaggerK eB daggerjLvi cOumlwZ AbycOumlvwbZ nDaggerqwQjvg|
mecopyDaggerkDaggerl ADaggerkl abumlev` RvbvDaggerZ PvB ZvDaggerK Ges ZvDagger`iDaggerK daggerh Ges hviv
GB eB daggerjLvi mvDagger_ IZDaggercOumlvZ fvDaggere RwoZ|
7
ADagger_copyvWwrsaquoUK wKnotwbK Rvcvb t
AvuKv evuKv `vuDaggerZi wbLyuZ wPwKrmviZ Wvt mvMi
Wvt mvMi
RvcvDaggerb ADagger_copyvWwrsaquoUK BgcshyumlvrsaquoU emvDaggerbvi mgq AcvDaggerikb w_DaggerqUvDaggeri
8
myPxcIcirc
myPxcIcirc
1 f~wgKv
2 myrsaquo`i nvwm AvgvDagger`i mevi Kvguml
3 ADagger_copyvWbwUKm AZxe Risbquoix I cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy
4 `uvDaggerZi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb
5 ADagger_copyvWbwUK wKQy mgmumlv `vuZ I gyDaggerLi wKQy mgmumlv
6 `vuZ AvuKv evuuKv nevi KviY mg~n
7 dvuKv `vuZ Spacing
8 microvDwWs Crowding
9 IDaggercb evBU Open bite
10 Knotvk 2 gumlvjKzDaggerjkb Class II maloclusion
11 Knotvk w_ordf gumlvjKzDaggerjkb Class III maloclusion
12 evBgumlvmiddot
13 daggerMuR `vuZ
14 daggerKnotdUamp wjc GUcirc cumlvDaggerjU Cleft lip amp palate
15 ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi eqm
16 ADagger_vcopyWbwUK wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgq daggerivMxi KiYxq
17 ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerparaDaggerIcirc `vuZ daggerZvjvi cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZv
18 wKQy Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml parawZKi
19 ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZv
20 daggereordfm - Avcbvi Rbuml wK Risbquoix
9
f~wgKv
gvbyl daggerKŠZznj wcOumlq| ARvbv daggerKvb welq wbDaggerq Rvbvi AvMOumln
gvbyDaggerli cOumlej| hyDaggerMi mvDagger_ Zvj wgwjDaggerq Zviv daggerek mDaggerPZbI| wPwKrmv
weAacutevDaggerbi wewfbœ w`K mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy RvbDaggerZ Zviv LyeB AvMOumlnx| mvaviY
gvbyDaggerli Gme AvMOumlDaggerni K_v gv_vq daggeriDaggerLB G eBwU daggerjLvi eumlvcvDaggeri
Avwg AbycOumlvwYZ nDaggerqwQ| G eBwU coDaggerj daggerh daggerKvb gvbyl `šmdash weAacutevDaggerbi
GKwU AbumlZg cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy kvLv ADagger_copyvWbwUKm mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy wKQyUv nDaggerjI
aviYv jvf KiDaggere| Avkv Kwi eBwU wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi QvIcirc-QvIcircxDagger`iI
KvDaggerR AvmDaggere|
eBwU mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy daggerh daggerKvb g~jumlevb gZvgZ mywPwšmdashZ civgkcopy mv`Daggeri
MOumlnY Kiv nDaggere|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejDaggerZ PvB mvgvbuml GB cwimDaggeri ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi gZ
wekvj GKwU welqDaggerK mcurrenuacute~YcopyiƒDaggerc ZzDaggerj aiv mcurrencente bq| Avgvi GB paraz ordf
cOumlqvm AvcbvDagger`i mvgvbumlZg DcKvDaggeri GDaggerjI Avgvi cwikordfg mv_copyK
nDaggerqDaggerQ eDaggerj gDaggerb KiDaggerev| mevBDaggerK abumlev`|
10
gvbyl daggermŠrsaquo`Daggerhcopy c~Rvix daggermRbumlB myrsaquo`i gyDaggerLi Rq mecopyIcirc|
gvbyDaggerli daggermŠrsaquo`Daggerhcopyi AbumlZg AjsKvi nDaggerjv myrsaquo`i nvwm| ZvB
GB myrsaquo`i nvwm Kvi bv Kvguml| Avi GB myrsaquo`i nvwmi Rbuml
PvB mymacrrsquo-myrsaquo`i `vuZ| `vuZDaggerK mymacrrsquo ivLvi Rbuml PvB mwVK
cwiPhcopyv| Avi myrsaquo`i nvwm ADaggerbKvsDaggerk wbfcopyi KDaggeri `vuDaggerZi
mwVK webumlvDaggermi Dci| wewfbœ gvbyDaggerli AvuKv evuKv DPz-bxPz
dvuKv `vuZ Avgiv ADaggerbK mgqB daggerLqvj KDaggeri _vwK| `vuDaggerZi Gme
mgmumlv myrsaquo`i nvwmi daggerparaDaggerIcirc cOumlavb Ašmdashivq| G QvovI dagger`Lv dagger`q `vuZ I gvwoi wewfbœ daggerivM
DaggerivMxi K_v ejDaggerZ ev Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri ADaggerbDaggerKB DuPz `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY `yB daggerVvuU eUuml
KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri bv dDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ LyeB Amyrsaquo`i jvDaggerM| daggerivMx cvwievwiK mvgvwRK I gvbwmKfvDaggere
wewfbœ mgmumlvq fyMDaggerZ _vDaggerK| ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcirc daggergDaggerqDagger`i weDaggerqi daggerparaDaggerIcircI evav nDaggerq `vuovq G aiDaggerYi
Amyrsaquo`i `vuZ| wKšlsquo `vuDaggerZi Gme mgmumlv daggerKb nq Gi daggerKvb
mwVK wPwKrmv AvDaggerQ wKbv Zv AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKiB
ARvbv|
`šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi DEumlDaggerivEumli AMOumlMwZi
dDaggerj `vuDaggerZi G aiDaggerYi mgmumlv `~i Kiv Avi daggerKvb eumlvcviB
bv| whwb AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbuPz dvuKv `vuDaggerZi mgmumlv
wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wVK KDaggerib ZvDaggerK ejv nq Orthodontist AvcbvDagger`i myweavDagger_copy Avwg `vuDaggerZi
G aiDaggerYi wKQy mgmumlv KviY cOumlwZKvi I wPwKrmv ctimeswZ wbDaggerq mswparaszligfvDaggere AvDaggerjvPbv Kie hv
cDaggero Avcwb Lye mnDaggerRB eySDaggerZ cviDaggereb Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ daggerKvb mgmumlv AvDaggerQ wKbv hvi Rbuml
Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY Kiv DwPZ| KvDaggerRB ejv hvq Avcwb ev Avcbvi daggerKvb
cwiwPZRb Amyrsaquo`i `vuZ wbDaggerq daggerKvb mgmumlvq fyMDaggerj Orthodontist Gi mvDagger_ daggerhvMvDaggerhvM KDaggeri
Zvi civgcopyk Abyhvqx wPwKrmv wbDaggerq nDaggerZ cvDaggerib gysup3 Siv nvwmi AwaKvix| Avi daggermB nvwmi
wSwjDaggerK Avcbvi Pvicvk nDaggerq DVDaggere AvDaggerjvwKZ|
11
cOumlwZw`b Avwereglsaquovi nDagger‛Q bZzb bZzb wPwKrmv eumlemacrrsquov Ges
ZviB mvDagger_ dagger`Lv w`Dagger‛Q bZzb bZzb daggerivM I mgmumlv| wPwKrmv
weAacutevDaggerbi cwiwa Acwimxg| `šmdash weAacutevDaggerbi wewfbœ welDaggerqi
gDaggerauml ADagger_copyvWbwUKm GKwU AZxe Risbquoix Ges MisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy
welq| `šmdash weAacutevDaggerbi wewfbœ kvLv daggerhgb `vuZ gvwo Ges
gyLMnŸDaggerii kjuml wPwKrmv KhellipwIcircg `vuZ jvMvDaggerbv isbquoU Kumlvbvj wPwKrmv
BZumlvw` welq mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy gvbyDaggerli KgDaggerewk aviYv AvDaggerQ| wKšlsquo ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm katildewU DtradecentvweZ nDaggerqDaggerQ `yOtildewU wMOumlK katilde dagger_DaggerK|
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm = ADagger_copyvm + daggerWvbm = mwVK + `uvZ
ZvnDaggerj ADagger_copyvWbwUKm katildewUi cOumlKhellipZ evsjv cOumlwZkatilde nDagger‛Q Ocirc`vuZ wVK KivOtilde
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm `šmdash weAacutevDaggerbi Ggb GKwU kvLv hv MDaggerelY KDaggeri mvaviY bull`wnK MVb g~jZ
g~DaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerji Ges `vuDaggerZi MVb wbDaggerq Ges GwU AvDaggeriv MDaggerelYv KDaggeri gyDaggerLi mvaviY MVb Kx Kx
KviDaggerY eumlvnZ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges Gi cOumlwZDaggeriva Ges wPwKrmvi Dcvq wbDaggerq hv wbw`copyoacute Rxewe`umlvi
gDaggerauml mxwgZ|
wewfbœ MDaggerelK OcircADagger_copyvWbwUKmDaggerK AvLumlvwqZ KDaggeriDaggerQb wewfbœ fvDaggere| Ocirc`umlv weordfwUk daggermvmvBwU
di w` dividevwW Ae ADagger_copyvWbwUKmOtilde AvLumlvwqZ KDaggeriDaggerQb wbDaggeraeligvsup3fvDaggere
OcircADagger_copyvWbwUKmOtilde -G gyL I daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimes I mcurrencOumlmviY mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy weDaggerePbv I weDaggerkshylY Kiv
nq hv Oslashviv DcDaggerii I wbDaggerPi `vuDaggerZi RvqMv ev Aemacrrsquovb msDaggerkvwaZ nq|
Avgiv ADagger_copyvWbwUKm mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy RvbDaggerj mnDaggerRB eySDaggerZ cvie daggerKvb `vuZ Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere
DaggereDaggero DVDaggerQ DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj wbDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvDagger_ mvgAumlmuml c~Ycopy nDaggerq ebdquowtimes cvDagger‛Q wK bvwK
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz-wbPz dvuKv GDaggerjvDaggergjv iumlayB wK `vuZ bvwK daggerPvqvjUvI DuPz-wbPz wKsev evuKv
`vuZ Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerQ wK bv GZ me cOumlDaggerkœi DEumli Avgiv mnDaggerRB RvbDaggerZ cvwi
12
OcircADagger_copyvWbwUKmOtilde welqUv daggerRDaggerb| iumlay Rvbv daggerKb GB me mgmumlvi mvgvavb w`DaggerZ cvwi
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg| GKUv welq RvbDaggerZ PvBDaggerj ADaggerbK wKQyB Rvbv `iKvi|
ZviciI GB wPwKrmvi cOumlavb wKQy jparauml I DDaggerIumlkuml wbaeligiƒDaggerc ZzDaggerj aiv nDaggerjv-
gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopy ebdquowtimesi Rbuml
ADagger_vcopyWbwUK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopy ebdquowtimes mcurrencente| `vuZDaggerK Zvi macr^vfvweK AemacrrsquovDaggerb
wbDaggerq GDaggerm `vuDaggerZi Ges gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopy ebdquowtimes mcurrencente| GUv AZxe Risbquoix wbaeligiƒc KviDaggerY
gvbyl Amyrsaquo`i `vuZ wbDaggerq daggerh gvbwmK mgmumlvq _vDaggerK Zv Avi nq bv|
cieZcopyx RxeDaggerb mvgvwRK jfrac34vDaggerevDaggerai nvZ dagger_DaggerK wbregKhellipwZ cvIqv hvq|
macr^vfvweKfvDaggere Dci Ges wbDaggerPi daggerVvuDaggerUi Aemacrrsquovb wVK KiDaggerj GwU gvwoDaggerK myiparav KDaggeri Ges
bvK w`Daggerq kbrvbarvm cOumlkbrvbarvm wbDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri|
13
`vuDaggerZi MVDaggerbi Ges KvDaggerRi DbœwZi Rbuml
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg `vuDaggerZi KgcopyparagZv ebdquowtimes cvq| KviY GB wPwKrmvi
gvaumlDaggerg macr^vfvweK Kvgo (Balanced Occlusion with normal over jet amp overbite)
cOumlmacrlsquoZ Kiv nq|
AvuKv evuKv `vuZ wVK Kiv Ges `vuDaggerZi MVDaggerbi macrrsquovwqZiexcl evovDaggerbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg gvbyDaggerli AwZwisup3 `vuZ ev GKB RvqMvq daggerewk `vuZ ev
daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Zvi dDaggerj `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb IjUcvjU G meB wVK Kiv mcurrencente| `vuDaggerZi GB myrsaquo`i
Aemacrrsquovb wVK KiDaggerj cieZcopyxKvDaggerj `vuDaggerZ KumlvwiDaggerRi (daggercvKv LvIqv) gvwoi cOuml`vn BZumlvw` mgmumlv
nq bv|
Abuml `šmdash wPwKrmvi mvnvhumlKvix wnDaggermDaggere
KhellipwIcircg `vuZ emvDaggerbvi Rbuml mwVKfvDaggere RvqMv bullZwi KiDaggerZ|
paray`ordf cwimDaggeri Aiacute wKQy msLumlK DcKvixZv DaggerRDaggerb wbDaggerjb daggerZv
14
Avcbvi myrsaquo`i mvRvDaggerbv Ni hvi me wKQzB cwicvwU| wbfcopyvebvq Avcbvi emevm| hw`
Gi me wKQzB ADaggerMvQvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZvnDaggerj wK fDaggerjv jvMDaggere jvMDaggere bv| wVK daggerZgwbB AvgvDagger`i
DcDaggerii Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUDaggerZ daggergvU 32 wU macrrsquovqx `uvZ _vDaggerK GB 32 wU macrrsquovqx `uvZ Gi macr^vfvweK
Aemacrrsquovb G _vKDaggerj Avcbvi `uvZ dagger`LvDaggere myrsaquo`i mvRvDaggerbv NDaggerii gDaggerZv| hLb `uvZ Zvi mwVK
AemacrrsquovDaggerb _vDaggerK bv ZLb GUv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri GeDaggerov dagger_eDaggerov GDaggerjvDaggergDaggerjv DPz-bxPz AemacrrsquovDaggerb| ZLb
Avcbvi `uvZ Avi mvRvDaggerbv myrsaquo`i AemacrrsquovDaggerb daggerbB daggerbB eDaggerjB dagger`LDaggerZ GiKg| hw` KvDaggeriv `uvZ
Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb daggerbB hv dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMDaggerQ ZvnDaggerj GKRb AfxAacute ADagger_vcopyWbwUdivide nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri Avcbvi cig eUumlz| Dwb cDaggerib mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg Avcbvi `uvZDaggerK myrsaquo`i KiDaggerZ|
ZvnDaggerj AvgvDagger`i mKDaggerji Rvbvi cOumlDaggerqvRb AvmDaggerj `uvDaggerZi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb daggerKvbwU Ges
daggerKv_vq| hvi dDaggerj Avgiv wbDaggerRivB eyDaggerS wbDaggerZ cviDaggerev AvgvDagger`i `uvZ Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerQ
wK bvB|
15
`uvDaggerZi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb wbfcopyi KDaggeri `vuDaggerZi AKnotzmb ev DcDaggerii cvwUi `uvZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi
`uvDaggerZi Kvgo Gi Dci| cOumlKhellipZ ADagger_copy `uvDaggerZi AKnotzmb gvDaggerb nDagger‛Q DcDaggerii cvwUi `uvDaggerZi mvDagger_
bxDaggerPi cvwUi `uvDaggerZi mcurrenuacuteKcopy hLb cvwUOslashq Kvgo dagger`qv ZvDagger`i c~bvcopysM msDaggerhvDaggerM (Cuspal
Occlusion) G iDaggerqDaggerQ|
hLb uvZ Ges `uvDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ Kvgo Zvi meDaggerPDaggerq mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb iDaggerqDaggerQ GgbwK mcurrenuacute~bcopy
KgcopyKZvcopy cwicyYcopy KDaggeri Ges `bdquowoacutebrsaquo`b ZvDaggerK `uvDaggerZi macr^vfvweK Kvgo ev bigvj AKnotzmb eDaggerj|
Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc 1-2wU `uvDaggerZ Aiacute Amacr^vfvweKZv _vKDaggerj I _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
`uvDaggerZi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb`uvDaggerZi macr^vfvweK Kvgo Gi kZcopycedilDaggerjv wbgœiƒc-
1| bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZ cedilDaggerjv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZ MyDaggerjvi Zzjbvq msLumlvMZ w`K w`Daggerq
GKUz mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere| Zvi Kvib nDaggerjv bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZcedilDaggerjv DcDaggerii
daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `uvDaggerZi daggerPDaggerq AvuKvDaggeri daggerQvU|
2| DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZ cedilDaggerjv GKwU wbw`copyoacute `yiZiexcl I KvgDaggeroi gvaumlDaggerg mvgDaggerb Ges wcQDaggerb
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK daggerXDaggerK ivLDaggere|
3| DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclb `uvZ (1st) Gi mvgDaggerb Ges evwnDaggerii w`DaggerK DPuy Ask wU
(Mesio Buccal Cusp) wbDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclb `uvDaggerZi mvgDaggerb Ges evwnDaggerii
gvSvgvwS daggerh uvDaggerZ bumlvq RvqMvq (Buccal Groove) Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
4| DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerQ`b `uvZ wbDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerQ`b Ges AMOumlDaggerclb (1st Premolar)
Gi gaumleZxcopy dvuKv macrrsquovDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
5| wbDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji KZcopyb `uvDaggerZi wKbviv (Incisal Edge) DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji KZcopyb `uvDaggerZi
cbdquoocircDagger`k (Zvjyi w`DaggerK) Gi gaumleZxcopy macrrsquovDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere| hv nDaggerZ nDaggere mwVK `yiZiexcl Ges
mwVK Kvgo mcurrenuacutebœ|
ZvnDaggerj dagger`ix daggerKb Gparazbx 1 wgwbU Avqbvi mvgDaggerb `vwoDaggerq dagger`DaggerL daggerbB AvgvDagger`i `uvZ Ges
`uvDaggerZi Kvgo Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb iDaggerqDaggerQ wK bv
-0-
16
GKwesk kZvatildexDaggerZ wPwKrmv weAacutevb DbœwZi Pig wkLDaggeri Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerQ| GB DbœwZi
daggerRvqvDaggerii mvDagger_ Zvj wgwjDaggerq `šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi AbumlZg cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy kvLv ADagger_vcopyWbwmqv I
GLb AvDaggeriv DbœZ| bvbvwea RwUj mgmumlvi mgvavb nDagger‛Q ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg|
Avmyb Avgiv cwiwPZ nB KZcedilDaggerjv cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy mgmumlvi mDaggerfrac12 hvi mgvavb Lye mnDaggerRB wPwKrmvi
gvaumlDaggerg Kiv hvq|
1 microvDwWs Crowding
GB aiDaggerYi mgmumlvq dagger`Lv hvq daggerPvqvDaggerj `vuZcedilDaggerjv AvuKv evuKv nDaggerq Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerQ ev
daggerPvqvDaggerj chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKvi KviDaggerY GK `vuZ Abuml `vuDaggerZi Dci DDaggerV daggerMDaggerQ|
microvDwWs Crowding
2 daggermacruacutewms (Spacing)
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS
dvuKv RvqMv _vKv|
17
3 wWmDaggercshymDaggergrsaquoU (Displacement)
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq GKwU `vuDaggerZi daggerh RvqMvq Aemacrrsquovb Kivi K_v daggermLvb dagger_DaggerK mDaggeri Abuml
RvqMvq PDaggerj hvq|
wWmDaggercshymDaggergrsaquoU
(Displacement)
4 GKDaggerUvwcK Bivcmb (Ectopic Eruption)
`vuZ Zvi wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV Abuml daggerKvb `vuDaggerZi RvqMvq ev Abuml daggerKvb
Amacr^vfvweK AemacrrsquovDaggerb DDaggerV|
GKDaggerUvwcK Bivcmb
(Ectopic Eruption)
5 Cross Bite ev DDaggereumlv Kvgo Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii daggerPqvDaggerji
mvgDaggerbi `vuZ cedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `uvZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL Ges DcDaggerii
daggerPvqvDaggerji wcQDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ mvgvbuml evBDaggerii
18
w`DaggerK _vDaggerK| GDaggerK Normal Bite ev macr^vfvweK Kvgo eDaggerj| GB Aemacrrsquovi DDaggereumlvwU hLb
NDaggerU ZLb ZvDaggerK Cross Bite ev DDaggereumlv Kvgo eDaggerj|
Cross Bite
ev DDaggereumlv Kvgo
6 (IDaggercb evBU) Open bite
Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerii cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi daggerPqvDaggerji
cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi GKwU macruacutekcopy _vDaggerK| daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` Kvgo dagger`qv Ae rsquovq DcDaggerii cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi msmacruacutekcopy bv _vDaggerK Ges Gi dDaggerj `yB cvwU `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS
dvuKv _vDaggerK ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Open bite eDaggerj|
IDaggercb evBU
(Open bite)
7 wWc evBU (Deep bite)
Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi
GK ZhellipZxqvsk daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL| wKšlsquo daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi cyDaggerivUv daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL ZLb ZvDaggerK Deep bite ev daggerewk Kvgo eDaggerj|
19
(wWc evBU) Deep bite
8 Knotvm 2 gumlvjAKnotzmb
(Class II malocclusion Division 1) GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ macr^vfvweDaggerKi daggerPDaggerq ADaggerbK mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| DcDaggerii cvwUcopyi mvgDaggerbi
`vZcedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK DuPz nq|
Knotvm 2 wWwfkb 1 gumlvjAvKnotzmb
11 Knotvm 3 gumlvjAKnotzmb (Class III Malocclusion)
20
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi cvwcopyUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL
ev DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi Inscisal Edge GDaggerK AcDaggerii DcDaggeri Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| hvDaggerK
Edge To Edge Bite eDaggerj|
Knotvm 3 gumlvjAKnotzmb
12 Zvjy KvUv I daggerVvuU KvUv t
GwU GKwU RbyenMZ mgmumlv ADaggerbDaggerK iumlay daggerVvU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv Avevi ADaggerbDaggerK Dfq
mgmumlv wbDaggerqB RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| AwfAacute wPwKrmKebdquoDaggerrsaquo`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutevi gvaumlDaggerg mwVK
mgDaggerq mwVK wPwKrmv w`Daggerq daggerVvuU I Zvjy KvUv fvDaggerjv Kiv AvRKvj daggerKvb mgmumlvB bq|
21
Zvjy KvUv
daggerVvuU KvUv
DcDaggerii AvDaggerjvPbvq Avwg wKQy mgmumlv Lye mnR fvlvq AvcbvDagger`i eySvDaggerZ daggerPoacutev KDaggeriwQ|
GmKj mgmumlvi mswparaszlig weeiY wfZDaggerii cOumlwZwU AaumlvDaggerq dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev KiwQ|
22
-0-
PROF IIDA JUN ICHI RO DR SAGOR amp
PROF TT YAMAMOTO AT KOREA
23
At IADR Seminar USA
Avcwb nqDaggerZvev Avcbvi wbDaggerRi A_ev daggerKvb wcOumlqRDaggerbi AvuKv evuKv `vuZ wbDaggerq LyeB
`ywethšmdashvMOumlmacr mdash| mywPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg Orthodontist AvcbvDaggerK GB `ywethšmdashv dagger_DaggerK gysup3 KiDaggerZ
cvDaggerib| wKšlsquo Avcwb wK RvDaggerbb daggerKb `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPz bxPz nq Avmyb bxDaggerPi AvDaggerjvPbvi
gvaumlDaggerg Avgiv cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy GB cOumlkœwUi DEumli LyuDaggerR daggerbB|
wewfbœ wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv wewfbœfvDaggere `vuZ AvuKv-evuKv nevi KviY mg~nDaggerK daggerkordfYxetimes
KDaggeriDaggerQb| AvcbvDagger`i Rvbvi myweavDagger_copy Lye mnR fvlvq `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi KviY mg~n wbDaggerP
dagger`qv njt
1| RbyenMZ KviY t K) wkiuml hw` daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| L) wkiumli
RDaggerbyeni mgq gv_vq AvNvZ daggercDaggerj| M) wewfbœ JlDaggerai cvkbrvbarcopy cOumlwZmicroqvi Rbuml|
2| eskMZ KviDaggerYt daggerPvqvj Lye daggerewk eo ev daggerQvU nDaggerj| daggerPvqvDaggerj me `vuZ aDaggeri
ivLvi gZ chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKDaggerj|
3| niDaggergvDaggerbi wewfbœ mgmumlv daggerhgbt Cretinism acromegali _vKDaggerj|
4| daggerPvqvj ev `vuDaggerZi bxDaggerP daggerKvb wUDgvi _vKDaggerj ev AvNvZ daggercDaggerj|
5| fyj ctimeswZDaggerZ Lvevi wMjDaggerj (Improper Swallowing)|
6| gyDaggerL daggerKvb `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKDaggerj|
7| `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AvKhellipwZ Amacr^vfvweK nDaggerj|
8| gyDaggerL AwZwisup3 daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj|
9| DaggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi gDaggerauml jydegvwqZ _vKDaggerj|
10| wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya `vuZ daggerdDaggerj w`Daggerj|
11| `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi ciI ADaggerbKw`b aDaggeri gyDaggerL Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerj|
12| macrrsquovqx daggerKvb `vuZ bv _vKDaggerj|
13| macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVDaggerZ dagger`ix KiDaggerj|
14| AvNvZ daggercDaggerj|
15| DaggerKvb `vuZ mnRfvDaggere DVDaggerZ euml_copy nDaggerj|
16| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv dagger`qv cOumlfbdquowZ AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi
cOumlavb KviYmg~nDaggerZv RvbDaggerjb| Avmyb bv Rvbv AacutevbUvDaggerK KvDaggerR jvMvB| DcDaggerivsup3
24
KviYmg~n hw` KvDaggeriv gvDaggerS dagger`LDaggerZ cvB ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY
KiDaggerZ ewj|
hLb KvDaggeriv gv_vq PzDaggerji cwigvb macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ Kg _vDaggerK ZLb ZvDaggerK KZB bv
`ywethšmdashv MOumlmacr mdash dagger`Lvq| gv_vi Pzjwenxb dvuKv macrrsquovb wKfvDaggere `~i Kiv hvq Zv wbDaggerq daggerhb wPšmdashvi daggerkl
_vDaggerK bv| wVK daggerZgwbfvDaggere wKQy gvbyDaggerli `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMv dagger`Lv hvq| ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcirc
Zviv Abuml gvbyDaggerli mvgDaggerb K_v ejDaggerZ GgbwK cOumlvb LyDaggerj nvmDaggerZI Amacr^wmacrmdash daggereva KDaggeri| hviv dvuKv
`vuDaggerZi mgmumlv fyMDaggerQb ZvDagger`i `ywethšmdashvi w`b daggerkl| ADagger_copyvWbwUKm wPwKrmvi KjumlvDaggerb dvuKv
`vuDaggerZi wPwKrmv GLb Avi daggerKvb mgmumlvB bq|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy
wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
25
mvaviY ADagger_copy Spacing ejDaggerZ Avgiv dvuKv macrrsquovb eywS| wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi fvlvq hLb
g yDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb daggerKvb `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMv _vDaggerK ZLb ZvDaggerK Spacing eDaggerj|
cOumlKviDaggerf` t Spacing `yB aiDaggerYi nDaggerq _vDaggerK|
1) Generalized Spacing daggerPvqvDaggerji me ev AwaKvsk `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv
_vKDaggerj|
2) Localized Spacing `yB ev ZDaggerZvwaK `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerj|
DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `ywU `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerj ZvDaggerK Median
Diastema eDaggerj|
Spacing ev dvuKvi KviY t
1 daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq `vuDaggerZi AvKvi hw` daggerQvU nq
2 RbyenMZfvDaggere daggerKvb `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKDaggerj|
3 Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj|
4 DaggerKvb `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AwZ paraz`ordf nDaggerj|
5 `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerj|
6 wmdivide wUDgvi _vKDaggerj|
7 wRnŸv eo _vKDaggerj| (macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ)
8 `vuZ wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK NyDaggeri daggerMDaggerj
9 GQvov daggerVuvU ev MvDaggerji KviDaggerY A_ev AwZwisup3 daggerKvb `vuZ gyDaggerL _vKDaggerj Zv cvDaggerki
`vuZDaggerK Pressure w`Daggerq mwiDaggerq Spacing KDaggeri|
Spacing wKfvDaggere wbYcopyq Kiv nq t
K) DaggerivMxi gyL MnŸi chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri
L) DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZiƒc ev Model dagger`DaggerL
M) x-ray dagger`DaggerL|
26
Spacing Gi Amyweav mg~nt
duvKv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI daggerivMxi Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv K_v ejvi
mgq daggerKvb daggerKvb katilde macruacuteoacutefvDaggere D‛PviDaggerY mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt
Spacing Gi wPwKrmv Kivi c~Daggerecopy daggerivMxi BwZnvm fvDaggerjvfvDaggere RvbDaggerZ nDaggere Ges
Spacing Gi mcurrencentveuml KviY mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggerZ nDaggere| hw` daggerivMxi Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK
hvi Rbuml `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMvi mbdquowoacute nDagger‛Q ZDaggere daggermB Afumlvm ev` dagger`qvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| ZviciI hw` daggerivMx Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere Habit breaking
appliance eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere| daggerKvb
TumourCyst _vKDaggerj Zv AcmviY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Spacing hw` Lye mvgvbuml cwigvDaggerY nq
Ges daggerivMxi hw` daggerKvb AwfDaggerhvM bv _vDaggerK ZDaggere wPwKrmv bv KivDaggerj I PDaggerj| ZDaggere Spacing
ADaggerbK daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontics wPwKrmv jvMDaggere| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri
wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wK aiDaggerYi wPwKrmv w`Daggereb| Spacing wVK Kivi Rbuml yB aiDaggerYi hšiquest ev
appliance use Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Removable Appliance)
Orthodontist `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ Fixed KDaggeri Appliance wU jvwMDaggerq w`Daggereb
(Fixed appliance) hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggerebv|
hw` `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mvgvbuml dvuKv _vDaggerK ZDaggere `vuDaggerZi iDaggerOi mvDagger_ wgwjDaggerq Filling Kiv
daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
GQvov gyDaggerLi Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS KhellipwIcircg `vuZ ewmDaggerq I Spacing Correction Kiv hvq| DaggerZv
Avcbvi hw` _vDaggerK dvuKv `vuDaggerZi mgmumlv ZDaggere PDaggerj Avmyb AwfAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ| wPwKrmv
KwiDaggerq `vuDaggerZi dvuKv wVK Kisbquob cOumlvY LyDaggerj nvmyb Avi nDaggerq DVyb AvKlcopyYxq|
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mvaviYfvDaggere Crowding ejDaggerZ daggerKvb wKQyi AvwaKumlDaggerK daggerevSvq| wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi
fvlvq gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKvi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi macr^vfvweK webumlvm evavMOumlmacrrsquo nDaggerq daggerh
wekbdquoldquoLjZv mbdquowoacute nq ZvDaggerK Crowding eDaggerj|
KviYmg~nt wewfbœ KviDaggerY gyDaggerL Crowding nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Zvi gDaggerauml DDaggerjshyLDaggerhvMuml
KviYmg~n bxDaggerP Dagger`qv njt
1 gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AvKhellipwZi mvgAumlmuml bv _vKDaggerj|
2 `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj|
3 `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi ADaggerbK AvDaggerM cDaggero daggerMDaggerj
4 macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVDaggerZ dagger`ix nDaggerj
5 AvNvZ daggercDaggerj
6 DaggerKvb `vuZ evowZ _vKDaggerj
7 Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj
28
8 daggerPvqvj macr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes bv daggercDaggerj
Crowding wbYcopyqt
1 daggerivMxi gyLMnŸi chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri|
2 DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Model ev cOumlwZiƒc dagger`DaggerL
3 GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL|
Crowding Gi djvdj t
`vuDaggerZi Dci cOumlfvet Gi dDaggerj `vuZ Zvi wbDaggerRi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK NyDaggeri daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri
`vuZ daggernDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri GgbwK daggerKvb daggerKvb `vuZ bvI DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Dci cOumlfve t
1 DaggerivMx mvgvwRKfvDaggere wewfbœ mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
2 DaggermŠrsaquo`hcopynvwb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
3 `vuZ wVKgZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ bv cvivi KviDaggerY `vuZ I gvwoi wewfbœ daggerivDaggerM Avmicrovšmdash
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
4 nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmv t
1 cOumlwZDaggerivag~jK eumlemacrrsquovt
hw` daggerivMxi cwievDaggeri KvDaggeriv `vuDaggerZ Crowding _vDaggerK ZDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist-Gi chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ covi mwVK mgq bv Avmv chcopyšmdash `ya `vuZDaggerK msiparaY Kivi daggerPoacutev KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggerKvb paraqDaggerivM dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerZ daggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml
boacute bv nq|
Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj ZumlvM KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ mwVK mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj Zv wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq daggerdDaggerj dagger`qvi eumlemacrrsquov KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
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gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere avivevwnKfvDaggere wbw`copyoacute wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerK
wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi fvlvq Serial extraction ejv nq|
2 msDaggerkvab g~jK eumlemacrrsquov t
K) DaggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml evovDaggerbv
DaggerPvqvjDaggerK cOumlmvwiZ Kiv
mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK wKQyUv DuPz Kiv
Daggergvjvi `vuZDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerUDaggerb Daggerbqv
vuDaggerZi AvKvi daggerQvU KDaggeri daggerdjv
`vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjv t
Crowding Gi cwigvY Lye daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontist wVK KiDaggereb daggerKvb `vuZwU
daggerdjDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
Crowding Lye daggerewk nDaggerj ev gvSvwi aiDaggerYi nDaggerj Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggerq
Removable ev Fixed daggerh daggerKvb GK aiDaggerYi appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggereb|
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Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi
msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy AvDaggerm| wKšlsquo daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` DcDaggerii cvwUcopyi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy bv
AvDaggerm Ges Gi dDaggerj DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi cvwUcopyi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mecopy`v dvuKv macrrsquovb _vDaggerK Ges gyL
mcurrenuacute~YcopyiƒDaggerc eUuml bv nq ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Open Bite eDaggerj|
mvaviYfvDaggere Open Bite ejDaggerZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi
Kvgo bv jvMvDaggerK daggerevSvq|
Open bite mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ ev wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Open Bite Gi KviY
mg~nt Avfrac12yj weDaggerkl KDaggeri ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Open bite nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
31
wRnŸv macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ eo _vKDaggerj ev hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjvavdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm
_vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS _vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi
DcDaggerii AsDaggerk (occlusal surface) -G _vDaggerK ZDaggere Open Bite nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
G Qvov daggerivMx hw` Bony Dysplasia Congenital wmwdwjm BZumlvw` daggerivDaggerM fyDaggerM
_vDaggerK ZDaggereI Open bite Gi mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt Open bite Gi wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml mecopycOuml_g daggerivMxDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOuml_Daggerg Open bite nevi KviY
mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggereb| hw` daggerivMxi Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK
ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm `~i Kivi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb
KDaggerib ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm ~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance)
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib daggerivMxDaggerK|
Open bite hw` gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj hvq ZDaggere Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontic
appliance eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri hv Fixed ev Removable daggerh daggerKvb iKgB
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
hw` daggerPvqvDaggerji nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Open bite dagger`Lv hvq Ges daggerivMxi eqm hw` 6-12 eQi
nq ZDaggere Chin cap (Chin cap bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi ev bxDaggerPi w`DaggerKi ebdquowtimes
nIqvDaggerK cOumlwZDaggeriva KDaggeri) Gi mvDagger_ High pull head gear eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nevi ci Ges macrrsquovqx `vuZ me DVvi ci daggerPvqvDaggerji Amacr^vfvweK
ebdquowtimesRwbZ KviDaggerY daggerh Open bite nq Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Surgery Kiv DaggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq KvDaggeriv Open bite Gi mgmumlv _vKDaggerj AvovDaggerj Zvi mgvDaggerjvPbv bv
KDaggeri AvgvDagger`i mKDaggerji DwPZ ZvDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ
ejv| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cieZcopyx KiYxq mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy ejDaggerZ cviDaggereb| Zvui
civgkcopy Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY KiDaggerj Open bite wbivgq Kiv mcurrencente|
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`šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv Class II Malocclusion DaggerK `yB fvDaggerM fvM KDaggeriDaggerQb|
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion
2 Class II division 2 malocclusion
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion t
hw` KvDaggeriv daggerclY `vuDaggerZi mcurrenuacuteKcopy (Molar relation) Class II _vDaggerK Ges DcDaggerii
DaggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZ cedilDaggerjv DPz _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv Class II Division 1 Gi Ašmdashfycopysup3|
Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK
(Convex profile) DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ daggerewk daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL
DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK daggerewk mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| `vuZ DuPz nevi KviDaggerY
daggerivMx ADaggerbK mgq `yB daggerVuvU eUuml KiDaggerZ cvDaggeribv|
33
2 Class II division 2 Malocclusion
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc Molar Relation Class II _vKDaggere A_copyvr DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev
Molar `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev Molar `vuDaggerZi dagger_DaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ mvgDaggerb
Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv wKQyUv wfZDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb
KiDaggere| mvaviYZ DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj GKB iKg AemacrrsquovDaggerb _vKDaggere (Straight Profile)
DcDaggerii `vuZcedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK cyDaggerivUv daggerXDaggerK ivLDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`ix bv KDaggeri GKRb Orthodontist daggerK Rvbvb|
Orthodontist wewfbœ chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri wPwKrmv ctimeswZ wVK KiDaggereb|
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Avcbvi AvDaggerk cvDaggerki gvbylcedilDaggerjvDaggerK GKUz fvDaggerjvfvDaggere jpara KiDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggereb daggerewki
fvM gvbyDaggerliB DcDaggeri daggerPvqvj Ges DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji
`vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ mvgvbuml GKUz mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK| Ges GUvB nDaggerjv macr^vfvweK| wKšlsquo wKQy gvbyDaggerli
daggerparaDaggerIcirc Gi DDaggereumlvUv dagger`Lv dagger`q| A_copyvr ZvDagger`i bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK _vDaggerK DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj ev DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ| GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi
fvlvq eDaggerj Class III malocclusion|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
`yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| 1Uv nDaggerjv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY| GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii
cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
35
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi
MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb dagger`DaggerL GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wKfvDaggere wPwKrmv KiDaggerj
daggerivMx mDaggerecopyvEumlg djvdj cvq|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion nq ZDaggere Orthodontic
Treatment A_copyvr iumlaygvIcirc Brace cwoDaggerqB wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere evošmdash ev cwiYZ daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB| ZDaggere Lye daggerewk eqDaggerm wPwKrmv KivDaggerj wPwKrmvi mgq daggereDaggero hvDaggere|
hw` evošmdash eqDaggerm nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion dagger`Lv dagger`q ZDaggere
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvjDaggerK mvgDaggerb Avbvi Rbuml ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvjDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerbqvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK wewfbœ
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aiDaggerYi hšiquest dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri eumlenvDaggerii Rbuml| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Face Mask Chin Cap DDaggerjshyL
daggerhvMuml|
hw` cwiYZ eqDaggerm gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerqi Class III malocclusion hv nvDaggerii MVDaggerbi
KviDaggerY nDaggerqDaggerQ Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ ZDaggere kjuml wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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evBgumlvmiddot
evBgvmiddot `y aiDaggerbi nq| evBgumlvwmiddotjvix cOumlUzordfmb Ges evBgumlvwmiddot jvix cOumlwKnotDaggerbmb| wK KwVb
katilde| Avmyb Lye mnDaggerR daggerRDaggerb daggerbB `uvZ I gvwoi Avi GK mgmumlv hvi bvg evBgvmiddot|
evBgumlvmiddot mgmumlvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj wKsev `uvZ wKsev DfqB mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK DPzu _vDaggerK| dDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv daggerVvU DPzu nDaggerq _vKv GgbwK gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ
cviv mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
mvavibZ `uvZ hw` Zzjbvg~jK fvDaggere eo GgbwK daggerPvqvj jcurren^v wKsev daggerXvK wMjvi mgq
wRnev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK Amacr^vfvweK fvDaggere `uvZDaggerK mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK daggerVjv w`Daggerj GB aiDaggerbi mgmumlv nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| NveovDaggerbvi wKQzB daggerbB GB mgmumlvi mgvavb Lye myrsaquo`i KDaggeri GK AwfAacute ADagger_copyDaggerWbwUdivide
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib| gDaggerb ivLDaggerZ nDaggere cOumlv_wgK Aemacrrsquovq GB mgmumlvi mgvavb KiDaggerj ZZUv RwUjZv nq
bv| eDaggerqvmwUuml KvDaggerji c~Daggere eDaggerqvmmwUuml KvDaggerji mgq Ges cDaggeri wPwKrmv eumlemacrrsquov cbdquo_K cbdquo_K nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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myrsaquo`Daggerii c~Rvix mKDaggerjB ZvB GB mgmumlv mgvavb KDaggeri
Avcwb nDaggerq DVyb myrsaquo`i `uvZ I nvwmi AwaKvix
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daggerMR `vuZ(High Canine) DPz KZcopyb `vuZ t
AvgvDagger`i gyDaggerL eqm 5 eQi chcopyšmdash daggerh 20 wU `vuZ _vDaggerK Zvi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ
_vDaggerK| eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ 20wU `ya `vuZ hLb cDaggero wMDaggerq macrrsquovqx `vuZ DDaggerV ZLbI daggergvU
32wU `vuDaggerZi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ _vDaggerK| G KZcopyb `uvZcedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi 4wU daggerKvbvq AewmacrrsquoZ| ZvB
GDagger`iDaggerK Corner Stone of mouth eDaggerj| bvg iumlbDaggerjB daggerevSv hvq G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Lv`uml`ordfeumlDaggerK
KZcopyb KiDaggerZ Ges wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri| G `vuZ cedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK kwsup3kvjx| KviY G `vuDaggerZi
GbvDaggergDaggerji cyisbquoZiexcl Daggerewk Ges mvgDaggerbi 4wU `vuDaggerZi (Pecopyb `vuZ-Incisor tooth) ciciB
AewmacrrsquoZ| daggerKvb daggerKvb mgq wewfbœ KviY ekZt G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Zvi wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK wfbœ
AemacrrsquovDaggerb dagger`Lv hvq| hw` G `vuZcedilDaggerjv gvwoi gDaggerauml ev DcDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri ZLb ZvDaggerK
High Canine ev daggerMR `vuZ ejv nq| Avevi KLDaggerbv GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv Zvjyi w`K w`Daggerq DDaggerV|
ZLb GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK Palataly placed canine eDaggerj| Avevi KLDaggerbv I gvwo ev Zvjyi wfZDaggeri
G `vuZ Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| ZLb ZvDaggerK Impacted Canine ejv nq| GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi gDaggerauml
AZxe Risbquoix PviwU `vuZ| GB `vuZ daggerhgb Lv`uml`ordfeuml KZcopyb I wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri cvkvcvwk
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daggerPvqvDaggerji bovPovDaggerK wbqšiquestY KDaggeri| GB `vuZDaggerK Beauty tooth I ejv nq| ZvB G `vuDaggerZi
mvwietimesfvDaggere webumlvm LyeB Risbquoix|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ daggerh KDaggerqKwU mgmumlv ZzDaggerj aiv nDaggerjv G mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi mgvavb LyeB Risbquoix|
hw` daggerKD GiKg daggerKvb mgmumlvq fyDaggerM _vDaggerKb ZDaggere AwfAacute Orthodontist -B nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
Avcbvi myrsaquo`i nvwm wdwiDaggerq dagger`qvi cig eUumlz|
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daggerVvuU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerki wkiumlDagger`i GKwU AbumlZg
mgmumlv| wewfbœ MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv wMDaggerqDaggerQ cOumlwZ 700 RDaggerb 1 Rb daggerVvuU KvUv Ges cOumlwZ 1000 RDaggerb
1 Rb wkiuml Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| daggerVvuU KvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggerQDaggerj wkiumlDagger`i Ges
ZvjyKvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggergDaggerq-wkiumlDagger`i gvDaggerS|
wewfbœ KviDaggerY wkiuml daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri _vDaggerK| kZKiv 25 fvM daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GUv eskMZ KviDaggerY nDaggerq _vDaggerK| hw` 1 Rb ZvjyKvUv daggerivMx 1 Rb mymacrrsquo gvbylDaggerK weDaggerq KDaggeri ZDaggere
ZvDagger`i ev‛Pvi ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kivi mcurrencentvebv kZKiv 2 fvM|
Mfcopyvemacrrsquovi cOuml_g fvDaggerM gv hw` daggerKvb fvBivj BbDaggerdKkDaggerb Avmicrovšmdash nq ev kvixwiKfvDaggere
AvNvZcOumlvszlig nq ev niDaggergvDaggerbi fvimvgumlnxbZvq fyDaggerM ev wfUvwgDaggerbi AfvDaggere fyDaggerM _vDaggerK ev
daggeriwWDaggerqkDaggerb GmiddotDaggercvR nq ev _umlvwjDaggerWvgvBW RvZxq Ilya MOumlnY KDaggeri ZDaggere wkiumli daggerVvuU ev
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| KvDaggerQi AvZyenxq macr^RDaggerbi gvDaggerS weDaggerq nDaggerjI wkiuml G mgmumlv
wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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DaggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq wkiuml RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerj cwieviDaggerK bvbv aiDaggerYi mvgvwRK I gvbwmK
mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ nq| wkiuml hLb GB mgmumlv wbDaggerq eo nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZLb daggermI gvbwmKfvDaggere
nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ _vDaggerK| G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ K_v
ejDaggerZ I iumlbDaggerZ mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| `vuDaggerZi mgmumlvi gDaggerauml hv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Zvi gDaggerauml AbumlZg
nDagger‛Q-wewfbœ `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKv `vuZ wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV gyDaggerLi Abuml daggerKvb RvqMvq
DVv evowZ wKQy `vuZ _vKv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb ksup3 bv nIqv `vuDaggerZi MVb myrsaquo`i bv nIqv
gvwoi wewfbœ mgmumlv `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPy-bxPz nIqv|
daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv daggerivMxDagger`i wPwKrmv weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmKDagger`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutev Qvov mcurrencente
bq| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Orthodontist Gi f~wgKv iumlisbquo nq ev‛Pvi RDaggerbyeni ci ciB| daggerhDaggernZz daggerVvuU I
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv nq daggermRbuml wkiumli RDaggerbyeni ci ciB
gyDaggerLi wfZi covi Rbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b daggerhb wkiumli daggerLDaggerZ
daggerKvb mgmumlv bv nq|
kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wkiumli 3-6 gvm eqDaggerm daggerVvuU I 1-2 eQi eqDaggerm Zvjy wVK KiDaggerZ
nDaggere GKRb AwfAacute kjuml wPwKrmK Oslashviv| kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg daggerVvuU I Zvjy wVK Kivi ci
wkiumli DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj hvDaggerZ msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GK aiDaggerYi
Appliance ev hšiquest bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b|
wkiumli Mixed dentition stage (6-12 eQi eqm) -G gyDaggerL daggerKvb AwZwisup3 `vuZ
_vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GQvov mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Cross bite _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuZ
AvuKv evKv _vKDaggerj ev Molar ev daggerclY `vDaggerZi Relation wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere Removable ev Fixed appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo
KiDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
me macrrsquovqx `vuZ PDaggerj Avmvi ci macrrsquovqxfvDaggere daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Kvgo (Occlusion
improve) wVK Kivi Rbuml Fixed ev Removable appliance w`Daggerq Orthodontist
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb Ges daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggereb|
GB mgDaggerq gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyDaggerK wVK Kivi Rbuml cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj Bony Graft Kiv daggerhDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| Gi dDaggerj Orthodontic treatment Gi daggerh djvdj ZvI Aparazbœ _vKDaggere|
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daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLvi ci Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere daggerivMxDaggerK
Permanent Retainer bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv daggerivMxDaggerK me mgq cDaggero _vKDaggerZ nDaggere|
Amacrlsaquovi weRqx DaggerRvqvDaggerKb wdwbmiddot RDaggerbyeni mgq daggerVvuU KvuUv wQj
daggerVvuU KuvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv daggerKvb Awfkvc bq| mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg
GDaggerK mvwiDaggerq daggerZvjv mcurrencente| `iKvi iumlay mevi mDaggerPZbZv Avi mwVK mgDaggerq weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri daggerm Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY Kiv|
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ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerKvb eqDaggerm iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ Zv AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKiB ARvbv|
ADaggerbK AwffveKB eySDaggerZ cvDaggerib bv wkiumli ADagger_copyvWbwUK mgmumlvi Rbuml daggerKvb eqDaggerm
Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| AAacutevbZvi Rbuml ev Abuml daggerKvb wOslashav-OslashDaggerrsaquo`i
KviDaggerY Zviv ADaggerbK mgqB ADaggerbK dagger`ix KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb wPwKrmvi
Rbuml| dDaggerj wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc wPwKrmvi eumlvwszligKvj daggereDaggero hvq| wKQyDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK
chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc
wPwKrmvi djvdj Avkvbyiƒc nq bv| KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv KZUv
Risbquoix| GLb Avwg ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi eqm mxgv wbDaggerq AvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri AvcbvDagger`i
wKQyUv nDaggerjI aviYv dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev Kie|
AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerk ADaggerbK wkiumlB daggerVvuU ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| Kzmsmacrlsaquoviv‛Qbœ
gvbyliv GDaggerK Awfkvc ev fvDaggerMumli wjLb gDaggerb KDaggeri nvZ cv cedilwUDaggerq eDaggerm _vDaggerK daggerKvb wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri bv| wKšlsquo gDaggerb ivLDaggereb daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumli
AwffveKDagger`i DwPZ RDaggerbyeni ci ciB GKRb AwfAacute Orhodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY Kiv|
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KviY G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i RDaggerbyeni ciB cOumlavb I cOuml_g daggerh mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q Zv nDaggerjv Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mgmumlv| Orthodontist Gmgq GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv wkiumlDaggerK Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml LyeB parawZKi GKwU Afumlvm|
mvaviYZ `yB dagger_DaggerK wZb eQi eqDaggermi gDaggerauml Avcbv Avcwb wkiuml G AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KDaggeri daggerdDaggerj|
wKšlsquo ZviciI hw` wkiuml AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere AwffveKDagger`i Gi parawZKi w`KwU
mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere Ges microgvMZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv PjDaggerZ _vKDaggerj wkiumlDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj G AfumlvmwU
`~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance) bullZwi KDaggeri w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib
hvDaggerZ KDaggeri fwelumlDaggerZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi KviDaggerY wkiumli `vuDaggerZi webumlvm AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv hvq|
mvaviYZ 5-6 eQi eqm dagger_DaggerK wkiumlDagger`i `ya `vuZ coDaggerZ iumlisbquo KDaggeri| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK mgq
dagger`Lv hvq AvNvZ RwbZ paraq RwbZ ev Abuml daggerKvb daggerivDaggerMi KviDaggerY wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya
`vuZ cDaggero hvq ev daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| `vuZ covi ci daggerh dvuKv RvqMvwU _vDaggerK daggerm RvqMvwU ZLb
`yB cvDaggerki `vuZ w`Daggerq eUuml nDaggerq hvq| dDaggerj rsquovqx `vuZ DVvi Rbuml chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv daggercDaggerq
Amacr^vfvweK daggerKvb RvqMvq `vuZ DDaggerV Ges `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi mcurrencentvebv daggereDaggero hvq| GB dvuKv
macrrsquovbwU hvDaggerZ cvDaggerki `vuZ Oslashviv eUuml bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl hšiquest bullZwi
KDaggeri w`Daggereb hvDaggerK Space maintainer eDaggerj| KvDaggerRB daggerKvb `ya`vuZ hw` Zvi wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi
AvDaggerM cDaggero hvq ZDaggere dagger`ix bv KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi mvDagger_ dagger`Lv Kisbquob|
ADaggerbK ev‛PvDagger`i dagger`Lv hvq DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj daggerewk evoDaggerQ ev hZUzKz evovi K_v
ZZUzKz evoDaggerQ bv| Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc evošmdash eqDaggerm (6-12) Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cOumlDaggerqvRb AbymvDaggeri Face
mask ev Chin cap eumlenvi KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb hv ev‛Pvi DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimesDaggerK
mwVK AmacrrsquovDaggerb wbDaggerZ mnvqZv KiDaggere|
DaggerVuvU I ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i daggerVvuU I Zvjy kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wVK
Kivi ci mwVK mgq Orthodontist Gmiddotcvbmb macrŒz (Expansion screw) ZvjyDaggerZ jvwMDaggerq
dagger`b hvDaggerZ DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq| G wkiumlDagger`i 8-10 eQi eqDaggerm bone
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grafting Kivi Rbuml kjuml wPwKrmKDaggerK cOumlDaggerqvRbxq civgkcopy I mnvqZv w`Daggerq _vDaggerKb
Orthodontist|
6-12 eQi eqDaggerm hLb wkiumli gyDaggerL `ya I macrrsquovqx Dfq cOumlKvi `vuZ we`umlgvb ZLb hw`
`vuDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo (Cross bite) daggerewk Kvgo (Deep bite) dagger`Lv hvq ZDaggere
Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRbxq eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggereb hvDaggerZ fwelumlDaggerZ KvgocedilDaggerjv AvDaggeriv Lvivc -Gi w`DaggerK
bv hvq|
`ya `vuZ me cDaggero hvevi ci I macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVvi ci AvuKv evuKv DuPz -bxPz `vuZ wVK
Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS Removable Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ
ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere) ev Fixed Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere bv) w`Daggerq
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb|
ADaggerbDaggerKiB gDaggerbB cOumlkœ _vDaggerK daggerh daggerewk eqDaggerm Orthodontic wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere wKbv|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuZ nvo I GDagger`i mvDagger_ mcurrenuacuteKcopyhysup3 structure cedilDaggerjv fvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZDaggere daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv Kiv mcurrencente|
cOumlvszlig eqDaggerm hw` DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj hw` Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes daggercDaggerq _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv
wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj kjuml wPwKrmvi Oslashvimacrrsquo nDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi mdjZv wbfcopyi KDaggeri wPwKrmDaggerKi AwfAacuteZv daggerivMx I Zvi
AwffveDaggerKi mnDaggerhvwMZv I mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi Dci|
gDaggerb ivLDaggereb mgDaggerqi GK daggerdvuo AmgDaggerqi `k daggerdvuo| mwVK mgDaggerq mwVK KvRwU KiDaggerj
Avcwb daggerh djvdj cvDaggereb dagger`ix KDaggeri KvRwU KiDaggerj daggermB djvdj Avcwb bvI daggercDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
Avcbvi daggerKvb wbKURDaggerbi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj mwVK mgDaggerq Orthodontist
Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggerZ fyjDaggereb bv daggerhb|
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Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Dci Bracket
ev Brace covDaggerbv _vDaggerK| Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq
Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv wbDagger`kcopyvejx wVKgZ daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj wPwKrmv cieZcopyx RwUjZv dagger`Lv
dagger`evi mcurrencentvebv LyeB Kg|
Fixed Orthodontic treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq gyL I `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZ weDaggerkl hZœ wbDaggerZ
nDaggere| daggerhme welDaggerqi Dci daggerewk daggerewk bRi ivLDaggerZ nDaggere Zv bxDaggerP dagger`qv nDaggerjvt
1 daggerhw`b daggerivMxi gyDaggerL Bracket emvDaggerbv nDaggere Zvici dagger_DaggerK 24 NrsaquoUv chcopyšmdash ksup3 Lvevi
LvIqv DwPZ bq| GDaggerZ Bracket LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| H 24 NrsaquoUv Lye daggerRvDaggeri daggerRvDaggeri `vuZ
eordfvk Kiv I DwPZ bq| daggerivMx Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv civgkcopy Abyhvqx `vuZ eordfvk
KiDaggere I macr^vfvweK Lvevi LvDaggere|
2 Bracket covDaggerbvi 2-3 w`b chcopyšmdash daggerivMxi GKUz Amacr^wmacrmdash nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GDaggerZ fDaggerqi wKQy
daggerbB| gyDaggerL bZzb wKQy wRwbm emvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2-3 w`b ci Zv AfumlvDaggerm cwiYZ nDaggerq
hvDaggere|
3 cOumlwZevi Lvevi LvIqvi ci AekumlB `vuZ fvDaggerjvfvDaggere eordfvk KiDaggerZ nDaggere| mKvDaggerj I ivDaggerZ
daggerdnotvivBW hysup3 Uz_Daggercdivide w`Daggerq `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggere| Abumlvbuml mgq Uz_ daggercoacute Qvov eordfvk KiDaggerjI
PjDaggere|
4 cOumlwZ wZb (3) gvm ci ci Uz_eordfvk e`j KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Uz_eordfvDaggerki weordfmampjcedilDaggerjv daggerhb big
(Medium soft) nq Zv daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
5 Bracket ev appliance -Gi Dci bxDaggerP 45 daggerKvDaggerY eordfvk aDaggeri `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
6 Lye daggerRvDaggeri Pvc w`Daggerq eordfvk Kiv hvDaggere bv| GDaggerZ KDaggeri Appliance LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
7 `vuDaggerZi daggerh cvDaggerk Appliance AvDaggerQ daggermB cvDaggerk Appliance -Gi Dci AvjDaggerZvfvDaggere
NywiDaggerq NywiDaggerq eordfvk KDaggeri `vuZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| `vuDaggerZi Abumlvbuml cvkcedilDaggerjvI daggerhb
fvDaggerjvfvDaggere cwireglsaquovi Kiv nq daggermw`DaggerK daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
48
8 cOumlwZevi Lvevi Gi ci eordfvk Kiv mcurrencente bv nDaggerj LyefvDaggerjv KDaggeri KzjKzwP KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
9 `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerSi gqjv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Dental Floss eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
DaggerKvb KvwV ev myuB w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerLvPvDaggerbv hvDaggere bv|
10 wRnŸv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Tongue Cleanser eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
11 cOumlDaggerqvRDaggerb fvDaggerjv Mouth Wash eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere ZDaggerewPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy
Abyhvqx|
12 `vuDaggerZi gvwo Avfrac12yj w`Daggerq Massage Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
13 daggerKvb appliance daggerfDaggerfrac12 daggerMDaggerj ev LyDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ev Appliance Gi KviDaggerY gyDaggerL daggerKvb
mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj dagger`ix bv KDaggeri mDaggerfrac12 mDaggerfrac12 Orthondontist-Gi civgkcopy wbDaggerZ nDaggere|
14 wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq ksup3 Lvevi (nvo AvL) LvIqv cwinvi KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
15 AvVvDaggerjv RvZxq Lvevi (PzBs Mvg) LvIqv ev` w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
16 daggercqviv AvDaggercj ev daggerh daggerKvb ksup3 Lvevi Kvgo w`Daggerq bv daggerLDaggerq daggerQvU daggerQvU UzKiv KDaggeri
daggerLDaggerZ nDaggere|
17 Orthodontist DaggerhfvDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK AvmDaggerZ ejDaggereb (1gvm ci ci) AekumlB Zv cvjb
KiDaggerZ nDaggere| bv nDaggerj daggerivMxi wPwKrmv daggerkl nDaggerZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi daggerewk jvMDaggere|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbPz `vuZ wVK Kivi Rbuml daggerhgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Oslashviv mwVK wPwKrmv daggerZgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerivMx Ges daggerivMxi AwffveDaggerKi
mnDaggerhvwMZv Ges Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy Abyhvqx Pjv| ZDaggereB DaggerivMx wPwKrmv DaggerkDaggerl cvDaggere
KvwldquoparaZ myrsaquo`i `vuZ|
49
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
50
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ dnotwms
51
daggerQvAElig GKwU evMvDaggerb hw` ADaggerbKcedilDaggerjv MvQ daggereDaggero DVDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZDaggere ADaggerbK MvDaggerQi macr^vfvweK ebdquowtimes
weboacute nq Ges evMvbwU wKQyw`b ci Nb Rfrac12Daggerj cwiYZ nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK| ZLb hw` daggermLvb
dagger_DaggerK wKQy MvQ daggerKDaggerU daggerdjv nq ZDaggere evMvbwUi evKxMvQcedilDaggerjv iparav daggercDaggerq macr^vfvweKfvDaggere daggereDaggero
DVDaggere|
daggerZgwb gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerh cwigvY RvqMv AvDaggerQ Zvi daggerPDaggerq hw` `vuDaggerZi msLumlv daggerewk wKsev
`vuZ Lye daggerekx AvuKv evKv DuPz `uvZ _vKDaggerj ZDaggere Zv wVK KDaggeri `vuZDaggerK mywebumlvmacrmdash myrsaquo`i KDaggeri
daggerZvjvi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgq daggerivMxi wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB daggerivMx ev
Zvi AwffveK `vuZ daggerZvjvi K_v iumlbDaggerj fq cvq| Zviv fvDaggere `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ ADaggerbK euml_v
jvMDaggere ev daggerPvDaggerLi daggereordfBDaggerbi hw` daggerKvb parawZ nq| Zviv Orthodontist daggerK `vuZ bv ZzDaggerj
wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml AbyDaggeriva KDaggeri _vDaggerK| wKšlsquo ZvDagger`i G mKj aviYv mcurrenuacute~Ycopy Ag~jK| `vuZ
ZzjDaggerj daggerPvDaggerLi ev daggereordfBDaggerbi daggerKvb parawZ nqbv| GKRb AwfAacute wPwKrmK ZvB KiDaggereb hv KiDaggerj
daggerivMxi wPwKrmv fvDaggerjvfvDaggere mcurrenuacutebœ nDaggere Ges daggerivMx I Zvi AwffveK mšlsquowoacute jvf KiDaggere| Avi
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM wbw copyoacute rsquovb fvDaggerjvfvDaggere Aek KDaggeri wbDaggerj Ges wPwKrmDaggerKi dagger`qv DcDagger`k `vuZ
daggerZvjvi w`b I cieZcopyx KDaggerqKw`b mwVKfvDaggere daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj `vuZ daggerZvjvi ci daggerivMxi daggerZgb daggerKvb
Amyweav nq bv ejDaggerjB PDaggerj|
52
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM
`vuZ daggerZvjvi cDaggeri
53
ADaggerbDaggerKB AvDaggerQb hviv ivDaggerZ NygvDaggerbvi AvDaggerM Ges mKvDaggerj bvmacrmdashv Lvevi ci `vuZ eordfvk
KDaggerib `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Kvj wejcurren^ bv KDaggeri `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggerib
`vuDaggerZi mymacrrsquoZvi Rbuml hv hv `iKvi Zviv Zv-B KDaggerib| GmeB nDaggerjv fvDaggerjv Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi
Rbuml LyeB DcKvix|
wKšlsquo Ggb wKQy Afumlvm AvDaggerQ hv gyL I `vuDaggerZi macr^vDaggermacrrsquoumli Rbuml LyeB parawZKi| Gme
e`AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi bvbv aiDaggerYi mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q| GB AfumlvmcedilDaggerjvi gDaggerauml Avfrac12yj
daggerPvlv wRnŸampv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv ev daggerVjv dagger`Iqv daggerKvb mgmumlv bv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI gyL w`Daggerq wbkbrvbarvm
daggerbqv daggerVvuU I bL KvgovDaggerbv AbumlZg|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK| evev gv hw` GUv daggerLqvj KDaggerib ZDaggere wkiumlDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere daggerh Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv Lvivc| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz nDaggerq hvq ADaggerbK mgq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bvI coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Open bite) bxDaggerPi
54
daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZcedilDaggerjv msKzwPZ nDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK hZUzKz daggerXDaggerK ivLv
DwPZ Zv KDaggerg daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerbvi ci I hw` Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm bv KDaggerg ZDaggere wkiumli 2-3 eQi eqm
chcopyšmdash ADaggercparav KiDaggerZ nDaggere| ADaggerbK mgq 3 eQi eqDaggermi ci wkiumli GB Afumlvm PDaggerj hvq|
ZviciI hw` wkiuml G Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere GKRb AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12
civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| wPwKrmK `iKvi gDaggerb nDaggerj daggerKvb Appliance ev hšiquest w`Daggereb hv
wkiumlDaggerK GB Afumlvm `~i KiDaggerZ mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wkiumli hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK ZDaggere DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DPuy nDaggerq hvq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bv coDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerivMx gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri
wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq Avcbvi daggermvbvgwbi hw` Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml
parawZKi ZDaggere cOuml_DaggergB ZvDaggerK eySvb| ZvDaggerZ KvR bv nDaggerj Aemacrrsquov hvDaggerZ AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv
hvq daggermRbuml AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy Kisbquob|
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55
OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
56
CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
57
KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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58
DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
59
GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
60
ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
61
daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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cig KisbquoYvgq Avjshyvni bvDaggerg Avicurrencent KiwQ-
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1| Prof Iida Junichiro Chairman Orthodontics Department
Hokkaido University Japan
2| Asst Professor Kajii S Takashi Orthodontics
Department Hokkaido University Japan
3| Prof Amirul Islam Principal Bangladesh Dental College
4| Asso Prof Lamiya Chowdhury Ex Head Orthodontics
Department Sapporo Dental College
AvDaggeriv KhellipZAacuteZv cOumlKvk KiDaggerZ PvB Avgvi kordfDaggertimesq wkparaK Prof
Emadul Haq (EX Principal Dhaka Dental College City
Dental College) mumlviDaggerK hvi Orthodontics eB cDaggero Avwg daggermB QvIcirc
eqm dagger_DaggerK eB daggerjLvi cOumlwZ AbycOumlvwbZ nDaggerqwQjvg|
mecopyDaggerkDaggerl ADaggerkl abumlev` RvbvDaggerZ PvB ZvDaggerK Ges ZvDagger`iDaggerK daggerh Ges hviv
GB eB daggerjLvi mvDagger_ IZDaggercOumlvZ fvDaggere RwoZ|
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9 IDaggercb evBU Open bite
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12 evBgumlvmiddot
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15 ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi eqm
16 ADagger_vcopyWbwUK wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgq daggerivMxi KiYxq
17 ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerparaDaggerIcirc `vuZ daggerZvjvi cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZv
18 wKQy Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml parawZKi
19 ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZv
20 daggereordfm - Avcbvi Rbuml wK Risbquoix
9
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10
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ARvbv|
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dDaggerj `vuDaggerZi G aiDaggerYi mgmumlv `~i Kiv Avi daggerKvb eumlvcviB
bv| whwb AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbuPz dvuKv `vuDaggerZi mgmumlv
wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wVK KDaggerib ZvDaggerK ejv nq Orthodontist AvcbvDagger`i myweavDagger_copy Avwg `vuDaggerZi
G aiDaggerYi wKQy mgmumlv KviY cOumlwZKvi I wPwKrmv ctimeswZ wbDaggerq mswparaszligfvDaggere AvDaggerjvPbv Kie hv
cDaggero Avcwb Lye mnDaggerRB eySDaggerZ cviDaggereb Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ daggerKvb mgmumlv AvDaggerQ wKbv hvi Rbuml
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cwiwPZRb Amyrsaquo`i `vuZ wbDaggerq daggerKvb mgmumlvq fyMDaggerj Orthodontist Gi mvDagger_ daggerhvMvDaggerhvM KDaggeri
Zvi civgcopyk Abyhvqx wPwKrmv wbDaggerq nDaggerZ cvDaggerib gysup3 Siv nvwmi AwaKvix| Avi daggermB nvwmi
wSwjDaggerK Avcbvi Pvicvk nDaggerq DVDaggere AvDaggerjvwKZ|
11
cOumlwZw`b Avwereglsaquovi nDagger‛Q bZzb bZzb wPwKrmv eumlemacrrsquov Ges
ZviB mvDagger_ dagger`Lv w`Dagger‛Q bZzb bZzb daggerivM I mgmumlv| wPwKrmv
weAacutevDaggerbi cwiwa Acwimxg| `šmdash weAacutevDaggerbi wewfbœ welDaggerqi
gDaggerauml ADagger_copyvWbwUKm GKwU AZxe Risbquoix Ges MisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy
welq| `šmdash weAacutevDaggerbi wewfbœ kvLv daggerhgb `vuZ gvwo Ges
gyLMnŸDaggerii kjuml wPwKrmv KhellipwIcircg `vuZ jvMvDaggerbv isbquoU Kumlvbvj wPwKrmv
BZumlvw` welq mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy gvbyDaggerli KgDaggerewk aviYv AvDaggerQ| wKšlsquo ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm katildewU DtradecentvweZ nDaggerqDaggerQ `yOtildewU wMOumlK katilde dagger_DaggerK|
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm = ADagger_copyvm + daggerWvbm = mwVK + `uvZ
ZvnDaggerj ADagger_copyvWbwUKm katildewUi cOumlKhellipZ evsjv cOumlwZkatilde nDagger‛Q Ocirc`vuZ wVK KivOtilde
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm `šmdash weAacutevDaggerbi Ggb GKwU kvLv hv MDaggerelY KDaggeri mvaviY bull`wnK MVb g~jZ
g~DaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerji Ges `vuDaggerZi MVb wbDaggerq Ges GwU AvDaggeriv MDaggerelYv KDaggeri gyDaggerLi mvaviY MVb Kx Kx
KviDaggerY eumlvnZ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges Gi cOumlwZDaggeriva Ges wPwKrmvi Dcvq wbDaggerq hv wbw`copyoacute Rxewe`umlvi
gDaggerauml mxwgZ|
wewfbœ MDaggerelK OcircADagger_copyvWbwUKmDaggerK AvLumlvwqZ KDaggeriDaggerQb wewfbœ fvDaggere| Ocirc`umlv weordfwUk daggermvmvBwU
di w` dividevwW Ae ADagger_copyvWbwUKmOtilde AvLumlvwqZ KDaggeriDaggerQb wbDaggeraeligvsup3fvDaggere
OcircADagger_copyvWbwUKmOtilde -G gyL I daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimes I mcurrencOumlmviY mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy weDaggerePbv I weDaggerkshylY Kiv
nq hv Oslashviv DcDaggerii I wbDaggerPi `vuDaggerZi RvqMv ev Aemacrrsquovb msDaggerkvwaZ nq|
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`vuZ Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerQ wK bv GZ me cOumlDaggerkœi DEumli Avgiv mnDaggerRB RvbDaggerZ cvwi
12
OcircADagger_copyvWbwUKmOtilde welqUv daggerRDaggerb| iumlay Rvbv daggerKb GB me mgmumlvi mvgvavb w`DaggerZ cvwi
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg| GKUv welq RvbDaggerZ PvBDaggerj ADaggerbK wKQyB Rvbv `iKvi|
ZviciI GB wPwKrmvi cOumlavb wKQy jparauml I DDaggerIumlkuml wbaeligiƒDaggerc ZzDaggerj aiv nDaggerjv-
gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopy ebdquowtimesi Rbuml
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wbDaggerq GDaggerm `vuDaggerZi Ges gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopy ebdquowtimes mcurrencente| GUv AZxe Risbquoix wbaeligiƒc KviDaggerY
gvbyl Amyrsaquo`i `vuZ wbDaggerq daggerh gvbwmK mgmumlvq _vDaggerK Zv Avi nq bv|
cieZcopyx RxeDaggerb mvgvwRK jfrac34vDaggerevDaggerai nvZ dagger_DaggerK wbregKhellipwZ cvIqv hvq|
macr^vfvweKfvDaggere Dci Ges wbDaggerPi daggerVvuDaggerUi Aemacrrsquovb wVK KiDaggerj GwU gvwoDaggerK myiparav KDaggeri Ges
bvK w`Daggerq kbrvbarvm cOumlkbrvbarvm wbDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri|
13
`vuDaggerZi MVDaggerbi Ges KvDaggerRi DbœwZi Rbuml
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg `vuDaggerZi KgcopyparagZv ebdquowtimes cvq| KviY GB wPwKrmvi
gvaumlDaggerg macr^vfvweK Kvgo (Balanced Occlusion with normal over jet amp overbite)
cOumlmacrlsquoZ Kiv nq|
AvuKv evuKv `vuZ wVK Kiv Ges `vuDaggerZi MVDaggerbi macrrsquovwqZiexcl evovDaggerbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg gvbyDaggerli AwZwisup3 `vuZ ev GKB RvqMvq daggerewk `vuZ ev
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Aemacrrsquovb wVK KiDaggerj cieZcopyxKvDaggerj `vuDaggerZ KumlvwiDaggerRi (daggercvKv LvIqv) gvwoi cOuml`vn BZumlvw` mgmumlv
nq bv|
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14
Avcbvi myrsaquo`i mvRvDaggerbv Ni hvi me wKQzB cwicvwU| wbfcopyvebvq Avcbvi emevm| hw`
Gi me wKQzB ADaggerMvQvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZvnDaggerj wK fDaggerjv jvMDaggere jvMDaggere bv| wVK daggerZgwbB AvgvDagger`i
DcDaggerii Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUDaggerZ daggergvU 32 wU macrrsquovqx `uvZ _vDaggerK GB 32 wU macrrsquovqx `uvZ Gi macr^vfvweK
Aemacrrsquovb G _vKDaggerj Avcbvi `uvZ dagger`LvDaggere myrsaquo`i mvRvDaggerbv NDaggerii gDaggerZv| hLb `uvZ Zvi mwVK
AemacrrsquovDaggerb _vDaggerK bv ZLb GUv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri GeDaggerov dagger_eDaggerov GDaggerjvDaggergDaggerjv DPz-bxPz AemacrrsquovDaggerb| ZLb
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Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb daggerbB hv dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMDaggerQ ZvnDaggerj GKRb AfxAacute ADagger_vcopyWbwUdivide nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri Avcbvi cig eUumlz| Dwb cDaggerib mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg Avcbvi `uvZDaggerK myrsaquo`i KiDaggerZ|
ZvnDaggerj AvgvDagger`i mKDaggerji Rvbvi cOumlDaggerqvRb AvmDaggerj `uvDaggerZi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb daggerKvbwU Ges
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wK bvB|
15
`uvDaggerZi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb wbfcopyi KDaggeri `vuDaggerZi AKnotzmb ev DcDaggerii cvwUi `uvZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi
`uvDaggerZi Kvgo Gi Dci| cOumlKhellipZ ADagger_copy `uvDaggerZi AKnotzmb gvDaggerb nDagger‛Q DcDaggerii cvwUi `uvDaggerZi mvDagger_
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Occlusion) G iDaggerqDaggerQ|
hLb uvZ Ges `uvDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ Kvgo Zvi meDaggerPDaggerq mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb iDaggerqDaggerQ GgbwK mcurrenuacute~bcopy
KgcopyKZvcopy cwicyYcopy KDaggeri Ges `bdquowoacutebrsaquo`b ZvDaggerK `uvDaggerZi macr^vfvweK Kvgo ev bigvj AKnotzmb eDaggerj|
Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc 1-2wU `uvDaggerZ Aiacute Amacr^vfvweKZv _vKDaggerj I _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
`uvDaggerZi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb`uvDaggerZi macr^vfvweK Kvgo Gi kZcopycedilDaggerjv wbgœiƒc-
1| bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZ cedilDaggerjv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZ MyDaggerjvi Zzjbvq msLumlvMZ w`K w`Daggerq
GKUz mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere| Zvi Kvib nDaggerjv bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZcedilDaggerjv DcDaggerii
daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `uvDaggerZi daggerPDaggerq AvuKvDaggeri daggerQvU|
2| DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZ cedilDaggerjv GKwU wbw`copyoacute `yiZiexcl I KvgDaggeroi gvaumlDaggerg mvgDaggerb Ges wcQDaggerb
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK daggerXDaggerK ivLDaggere|
3| DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclb `uvZ (1st) Gi mvgDaggerb Ges evwnDaggerii w`DaggerK DPuy Ask wU
(Mesio Buccal Cusp) wbDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclb `uvDaggerZi mvgDaggerb Ges evwnDaggerii
gvSvgvwS daggerh uvDaggerZ bumlvq RvqMvq (Buccal Groove) Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
4| DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerQ`b `uvZ wbDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerQ`b Ges AMOumlDaggerclb (1st Premolar)
Gi gaumleZxcopy dvuKv macrrsquovDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
5| wbDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji KZcopyb `uvDaggerZi wKbviv (Incisal Edge) DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji KZcopyb `uvDaggerZi
cbdquoocircDagger`k (Zvjyi w`DaggerK) Gi gaumleZxcopy macrrsquovDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere| hv nDaggerZ nDaggere mwVK `yiZiexcl Ges
mwVK Kvgo mcurrenuacutebœ|
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-0-
16
GKwesk kZvatildexDaggerZ wPwKrmv weAacutevb DbœwZi Pig wkLDaggeri Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerQ| GB DbœwZi
daggerRvqvDaggerii mvDagger_ Zvj wgwjDaggerq `šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi AbumlZg cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy kvLv ADagger_vcopyWbwmqv I
GLb AvDaggeriv DbœZ| bvbvwea RwUj mgmumlvi mgvavb nDagger‛Q ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg|
Avmyb Avgiv cwiwPZ nB KZcedilDaggerjv cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy mgmumlvi mDaggerfrac12 hvi mgvavb Lye mnDaggerRB wPwKrmvi
gvaumlDaggerg Kiv hvq|
1 microvDwWs Crowding
GB aiDaggerYi mgmumlvq dagger`Lv hvq daggerPvqvDaggerj `vuZcedilDaggerjv AvuKv evuKv nDaggerq Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerQ ev
daggerPvqvDaggerj chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKvi KviDaggerY GK `vuZ Abuml `vuDaggerZi Dci DDaggerV daggerMDaggerQ|
microvDwWs Crowding
2 daggermacruacutewms (Spacing)
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS
dvuKv RvqMv _vKv|
17
3 wWmDaggercshymDaggergrsaquoU (Displacement)
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq GKwU `vuDaggerZi daggerh RvqMvq Aemacrrsquovb Kivi K_v daggermLvb dagger_DaggerK mDaggeri Abuml
RvqMvq PDaggerj hvq|
wWmDaggercshymDaggergrsaquoU
(Displacement)
4 GKDaggerUvwcK Bivcmb (Ectopic Eruption)
`vuZ Zvi wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV Abuml daggerKvb `vuDaggerZi RvqMvq ev Abuml daggerKvb
Amacr^vfvweK AemacrrsquovDaggerb DDaggerV|
GKDaggerUvwcK Bivcmb
(Ectopic Eruption)
5 Cross Bite ev DDaggereumlv Kvgo Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii daggerPqvDaggerji
mvgDaggerbi `vuZ cedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `uvZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL Ges DcDaggerii
daggerPvqvDaggerji wcQDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ mvgvbuml evBDaggerii
18
w`DaggerK _vDaggerK| GDaggerK Normal Bite ev macr^vfvweK Kvgo eDaggerj| GB Aemacrrsquovi DDaggereumlvwU hLb
NDaggerU ZLb ZvDaggerK Cross Bite ev DDaggereumlv Kvgo eDaggerj|
Cross Bite
ev DDaggereumlv Kvgo
6 (IDaggercb evBU) Open bite
Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerii cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi daggerPqvDaggerji
cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi GKwU macruacutekcopy _vDaggerK| daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` Kvgo dagger`qv Ae rsquovq DcDaggerii cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi msmacruacutekcopy bv _vDaggerK Ges Gi dDaggerj `yB cvwU `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS
dvuKv _vDaggerK ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Open bite eDaggerj|
IDaggercb evBU
(Open bite)
7 wWc evBU (Deep bite)
Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi
GK ZhellipZxqvsk daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL| wKšlsquo daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi cyDaggerivUv daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL ZLb ZvDaggerK Deep bite ev daggerewk Kvgo eDaggerj|
19
(wWc evBU) Deep bite
8 Knotvm 2 gumlvjAKnotzmb
(Class II malocclusion Division 1) GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ macr^vfvweDaggerKi daggerPDaggerq ADaggerbK mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| DcDaggerii cvwUcopyi mvgDaggerbi
`vZcedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK DuPz nq|
Knotvm 2 wWwfkb 1 gumlvjAvKnotzmb
11 Knotvm 3 gumlvjAKnotzmb (Class III Malocclusion)
20
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi cvwcopyUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL
ev DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi Inscisal Edge GDaggerK AcDaggerii DcDaggeri Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| hvDaggerK
Edge To Edge Bite eDaggerj|
Knotvm 3 gumlvjAKnotzmb
12 Zvjy KvUv I daggerVvuU KvUv t
GwU GKwU RbyenMZ mgmumlv ADaggerbDaggerK iumlay daggerVvU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv Avevi ADaggerbDaggerK Dfq
mgmumlv wbDaggerqB RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| AwfAacute wPwKrmKebdquoDaggerrsaquo`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutevi gvaumlDaggerg mwVK
mgDaggerq mwVK wPwKrmv w`Daggerq daggerVvuU I Zvjy KvUv fvDaggerjv Kiv AvRKvj daggerKvb mgmumlvB bq|
21
Zvjy KvUv
daggerVvuU KvUv
DcDaggerii AvDaggerjvPbvq Avwg wKQy mgmumlv Lye mnR fvlvq AvcbvDagger`i eySvDaggerZ daggerPoacutev KDaggeriwQ|
GmKj mgmumlvi mswparaszlig weeiY wfZDaggerii cOumlwZwU AaumlvDaggerq dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev KiwQ|
22
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PROF IIDA JUN ICHI RO DR SAGOR amp
PROF TT YAMAMOTO AT KOREA
23
At IADR Seminar USA
Avcwb nqDaggerZvev Avcbvi wbDaggerRi A_ev daggerKvb wcOumlqRDaggerbi AvuKv evuKv `vuZ wbDaggerq LyeB
`ywethšmdashvMOumlmacr mdash| mywPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg Orthodontist AvcbvDaggerK GB `ywethšmdashv dagger_DaggerK gysup3 KiDaggerZ
cvDaggerib| wKšlsquo Avcwb wK RvDaggerbb daggerKb `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPz bxPz nq Avmyb bxDaggerPi AvDaggerjvPbvi
gvaumlDaggerg Avgiv cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy GB cOumlkœwUi DEumli LyuDaggerR daggerbB|
wewfbœ wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv wewfbœfvDaggere `vuZ AvuKv-evuKv nevi KviY mg~nDaggerK daggerkordfYxetimes
KDaggeriDaggerQb| AvcbvDagger`i Rvbvi myweavDagger_copy Lye mnR fvlvq `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi KviY mg~n wbDaggerP
dagger`qv njt
1| RbyenMZ KviY t K) wkiuml hw` daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| L) wkiumli
RDaggerbyeni mgq gv_vq AvNvZ daggercDaggerj| M) wewfbœ JlDaggerai cvkbrvbarcopy cOumlwZmicroqvi Rbuml|
2| eskMZ KviDaggerYt daggerPvqvj Lye daggerewk eo ev daggerQvU nDaggerj| daggerPvqvDaggerj me `vuZ aDaggeri
ivLvi gZ chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKDaggerj|
3| niDaggergvDaggerbi wewfbœ mgmumlv daggerhgbt Cretinism acromegali _vKDaggerj|
4| daggerPvqvj ev `vuDaggerZi bxDaggerP daggerKvb wUDgvi _vKDaggerj ev AvNvZ daggercDaggerj|
5| fyj ctimeswZDaggerZ Lvevi wMjDaggerj (Improper Swallowing)|
6| gyDaggerL daggerKvb `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKDaggerj|
7| `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AvKhellipwZ Amacr^vfvweK nDaggerj|
8| gyDaggerL AwZwisup3 daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj|
9| DaggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi gDaggerauml jydegvwqZ _vKDaggerj|
10| wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya `vuZ daggerdDaggerj w`Daggerj|
11| `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi ciI ADaggerbKw`b aDaggeri gyDaggerL Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerj|
12| macrrsquovqx daggerKvb `vuZ bv _vKDaggerj|
13| macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVDaggerZ dagger`ix KiDaggerj|
14| AvNvZ daggercDaggerj|
15| DaggerKvb `vuZ mnRfvDaggere DVDaggerZ euml_copy nDaggerj|
16| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv dagger`qv cOumlfbdquowZ AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi
cOumlavb KviYmg~nDaggerZv RvbDaggerjb| Avmyb bv Rvbv AacutevbUvDaggerK KvDaggerR jvMvB| DcDaggerivsup3
24
KviYmg~n hw` KvDaggeriv gvDaggerS dagger`LDaggerZ cvB ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY
KiDaggerZ ewj|
hLb KvDaggeriv gv_vq PzDaggerji cwigvb macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ Kg _vDaggerK ZLb ZvDaggerK KZB bv
`ywethšmdashv MOumlmacr mdash dagger`Lvq| gv_vi Pzjwenxb dvuKv macrrsquovb wKfvDaggere `~i Kiv hvq Zv wbDaggerq daggerhb wPšmdashvi daggerkl
_vDaggerK bv| wVK daggerZgwbfvDaggere wKQy gvbyDaggerli `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMv dagger`Lv hvq| ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcirc
Zviv Abuml gvbyDaggerli mvgDaggerb K_v ejDaggerZ GgbwK cOumlvb LyDaggerj nvmDaggerZI Amacr^wmacrmdash daggereva KDaggeri| hviv dvuKv
`vuDaggerZi mgmumlv fyMDaggerQb ZvDagger`i `ywethšmdashvi w`b daggerkl| ADagger_copyvWbwUKm wPwKrmvi KjumlvDaggerb dvuKv
`vuDaggerZi wPwKrmv GLb Avi daggerKvb mgmumlvB bq|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy
wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
25
mvaviY ADagger_copy Spacing ejDaggerZ Avgiv dvuKv macrrsquovb eywS| wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi fvlvq hLb
g yDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb daggerKvb `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMv _vDaggerK ZLb ZvDaggerK Spacing eDaggerj|
cOumlKviDaggerf` t Spacing `yB aiDaggerYi nDaggerq _vDaggerK|
1) Generalized Spacing daggerPvqvDaggerji me ev AwaKvsk `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv
_vKDaggerj|
2) Localized Spacing `yB ev ZDaggerZvwaK `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerj|
DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `ywU `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerj ZvDaggerK Median
Diastema eDaggerj|
Spacing ev dvuKvi KviY t
1 daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq `vuDaggerZi AvKvi hw` daggerQvU nq
2 RbyenMZfvDaggere daggerKvb `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKDaggerj|
3 Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj|
4 DaggerKvb `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AwZ paraz`ordf nDaggerj|
5 `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerj|
6 wmdivide wUDgvi _vKDaggerj|
7 wRnŸv eo _vKDaggerj| (macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ)
8 `vuZ wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK NyDaggeri daggerMDaggerj
9 GQvov daggerVuvU ev MvDaggerji KviDaggerY A_ev AwZwisup3 daggerKvb `vuZ gyDaggerL _vKDaggerj Zv cvDaggerki
`vuZDaggerK Pressure w`Daggerq mwiDaggerq Spacing KDaggeri|
Spacing wKfvDaggere wbYcopyq Kiv nq t
K) DaggerivMxi gyL MnŸi chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri
L) DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZiƒc ev Model dagger`DaggerL
M) x-ray dagger`DaggerL|
26
Spacing Gi Amyweav mg~nt
duvKv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI daggerivMxi Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv K_v ejvi
mgq daggerKvb daggerKvb katilde macruacuteoacutefvDaggere D‛PviDaggerY mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt
Spacing Gi wPwKrmv Kivi c~Daggerecopy daggerivMxi BwZnvm fvDaggerjvfvDaggere RvbDaggerZ nDaggere Ges
Spacing Gi mcurrencentveuml KviY mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggerZ nDaggere| hw` daggerivMxi Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK
hvi Rbuml `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMvi mbdquowoacute nDagger‛Q ZDaggere daggermB Afumlvm ev` dagger`qvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| ZviciI hw` daggerivMx Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere Habit breaking
appliance eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere| daggerKvb
TumourCyst _vKDaggerj Zv AcmviY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Spacing hw` Lye mvgvbuml cwigvDaggerY nq
Ges daggerivMxi hw` daggerKvb AwfDaggerhvM bv _vDaggerK ZDaggere wPwKrmv bv KivDaggerj I PDaggerj| ZDaggere Spacing
ADaggerbK daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontics wPwKrmv jvMDaggere| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri
wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wK aiDaggerYi wPwKrmv w`Daggereb| Spacing wVK Kivi Rbuml yB aiDaggerYi hšiquest ev
appliance use Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Removable Appliance)
Orthodontist `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ Fixed KDaggeri Appliance wU jvwMDaggerq w`Daggereb
(Fixed appliance) hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggerebv|
hw` `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mvgvbuml dvuKv _vDaggerK ZDaggere `vuDaggerZi iDaggerOi mvDagger_ wgwjDaggerq Filling Kiv
daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
GQvov gyDaggerLi Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS KhellipwIcircg `vuZ ewmDaggerq I Spacing Correction Kiv hvq| DaggerZv
Avcbvi hw` _vDaggerK dvuKv `vuDaggerZi mgmumlv ZDaggere PDaggerj Avmyb AwfAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ| wPwKrmv
KwiDaggerq `vuDaggerZi dvuKv wVK Kisbquob cOumlvY LyDaggerj nvmyb Avi nDaggerq DVyb AvKlcopyYxq|
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27
mvaviYfvDaggere Crowding ejDaggerZ daggerKvb wKQyi AvwaKumlDaggerK daggerevSvq| wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi
fvlvq gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKvi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi macr^vfvweK webumlvm evavMOumlmacrrsquo nDaggerq daggerh
wekbdquoldquoLjZv mbdquowoacute nq ZvDaggerK Crowding eDaggerj|
KviYmg~nt wewfbœ KviDaggerY gyDaggerL Crowding nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Zvi gDaggerauml DDaggerjshyLDaggerhvMuml
KviYmg~n bxDaggerP Dagger`qv njt
1 gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AvKhellipwZi mvgAumlmuml bv _vKDaggerj|
2 `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj|
3 `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi ADaggerbK AvDaggerM cDaggero daggerMDaggerj
4 macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVDaggerZ dagger`ix nDaggerj
5 AvNvZ daggercDaggerj
6 DaggerKvb `vuZ evowZ _vKDaggerj
7 Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj
28
8 daggerPvqvj macr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes bv daggercDaggerj
Crowding wbYcopyqt
1 daggerivMxi gyLMnŸi chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri|
2 DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Model ev cOumlwZiƒc dagger`DaggerL
3 GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL|
Crowding Gi djvdj t
`vuDaggerZi Dci cOumlfvet Gi dDaggerj `vuZ Zvi wbDaggerRi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK NyDaggeri daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri
`vuZ daggernDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri GgbwK daggerKvb daggerKvb `vuZ bvI DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Dci cOumlfve t
1 DaggerivMx mvgvwRKfvDaggere wewfbœ mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
2 DaggermŠrsaquo`hcopynvwb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
3 `vuZ wVKgZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ bv cvivi KviDaggerY `vuZ I gvwoi wewfbœ daggerivDaggerM Avmicrovšmdash
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
4 nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmv t
1 cOumlwZDaggerivag~jK eumlemacrrsquovt
hw` daggerivMxi cwievDaggeri KvDaggeriv `vuDaggerZ Crowding _vDaggerK ZDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist-Gi chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ covi mwVK mgq bv Avmv chcopyšmdash `ya `vuZDaggerK msiparaY Kivi daggerPoacutev KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggerKvb paraqDaggerivM dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerZ daggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml
boacute bv nq|
Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj ZumlvM KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ mwVK mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj Zv wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq daggerdDaggerj dagger`qvi eumlemacrrsquov KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
29
gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere avivevwnKfvDaggere wbw`copyoacute wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerK
wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi fvlvq Serial extraction ejv nq|
2 msDaggerkvab g~jK eumlemacrrsquov t
K) DaggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml evovDaggerbv
DaggerPvqvjDaggerK cOumlmvwiZ Kiv
mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK wKQyUv DuPz Kiv
Daggergvjvi `vuZDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerUDaggerb Daggerbqv
vuDaggerZi AvKvi daggerQvU KDaggeri daggerdjv
`vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjv t
Crowding Gi cwigvY Lye daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontist wVK KiDaggereb daggerKvb `vuZwU
daggerdjDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
Crowding Lye daggerewk nDaggerj ev gvSvwi aiDaggerYi nDaggerj Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggerq
Removable ev Fixed daggerh daggerKvb GK aiDaggerYi appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggereb|
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30
Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi
msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy AvDaggerm| wKšlsquo daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` DcDaggerii cvwUcopyi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy bv
AvDaggerm Ges Gi dDaggerj DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi cvwUcopyi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mecopy`v dvuKv macrrsquovb _vDaggerK Ges gyL
mcurrenuacute~YcopyiƒDaggerc eUuml bv nq ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Open Bite eDaggerj|
mvaviYfvDaggere Open Bite ejDaggerZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi
Kvgo bv jvMvDaggerK daggerevSvq|
Open bite mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ ev wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Open Bite Gi KviY
mg~nt Avfrac12yj weDaggerkl KDaggeri ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Open bite nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
31
wRnŸv macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ eo _vKDaggerj ev hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjvavdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm
_vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS _vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi
DcDaggerii AsDaggerk (occlusal surface) -G _vDaggerK ZDaggere Open Bite nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
G Qvov daggerivMx hw` Bony Dysplasia Congenital wmwdwjm BZumlvw` daggerivDaggerM fyDaggerM
_vDaggerK ZDaggereI Open bite Gi mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt Open bite Gi wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml mecopycOuml_g daggerivMxDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOuml_Daggerg Open bite nevi KviY
mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggereb| hw` daggerivMxi Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK
ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm `~i Kivi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb
KDaggerib ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm ~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance)
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib daggerivMxDaggerK|
Open bite hw` gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj hvq ZDaggere Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontic
appliance eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri hv Fixed ev Removable daggerh daggerKvb iKgB
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
hw` daggerPvqvDaggerji nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Open bite dagger`Lv hvq Ges daggerivMxi eqm hw` 6-12 eQi
nq ZDaggere Chin cap (Chin cap bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi ev bxDaggerPi w`DaggerKi ebdquowtimes
nIqvDaggerK cOumlwZDaggeriva KDaggeri) Gi mvDagger_ High pull head gear eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nevi ci Ges macrrsquovqx `vuZ me DVvi ci daggerPvqvDaggerji Amacr^vfvweK
ebdquowtimesRwbZ KviDaggerY daggerh Open bite nq Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Surgery Kiv DaggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq KvDaggeriv Open bite Gi mgmumlv _vKDaggerj AvovDaggerj Zvi mgvDaggerjvPbv bv
KDaggeri AvgvDagger`i mKDaggerji DwPZ ZvDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ
ejv| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cieZcopyx KiYxq mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy ejDaggerZ cviDaggereb| Zvui
civgkcopy Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY KiDaggerj Open bite wbivgq Kiv mcurrencente|
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`šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv Class II Malocclusion DaggerK `yB fvDaggerM fvM KDaggeriDaggerQb|
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion
2 Class II division 2 malocclusion
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion t
hw` KvDaggeriv daggerclY `vuDaggerZi mcurrenuacuteKcopy (Molar relation) Class II _vDaggerK Ges DcDaggerii
DaggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZ cedilDaggerjv DPz _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv Class II Division 1 Gi Ašmdashfycopysup3|
Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK
(Convex profile) DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ daggerewk daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL
DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK daggerewk mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| `vuZ DuPz nevi KviDaggerY
daggerivMx ADaggerbK mgq `yB daggerVuvU eUuml KiDaggerZ cvDaggeribv|
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2 Class II division 2 Malocclusion
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc Molar Relation Class II _vKDaggere A_copyvr DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev
Molar `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev Molar `vuDaggerZi dagger_DaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ mvgDaggerb
Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv wKQyUv wfZDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb
KiDaggere| mvaviYZ DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj GKB iKg AemacrrsquovDaggerb _vKDaggere (Straight Profile)
DcDaggerii `vuZcedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK cyDaggerivUv daggerXDaggerK ivLDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`ix bv KDaggeri GKRb Orthodontist daggerK Rvbvb|
Orthodontist wewfbœ chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri wPwKrmv ctimeswZ wVK KiDaggereb|
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Avcbvi AvDaggerk cvDaggerki gvbylcedilDaggerjvDaggerK GKUz fvDaggerjvfvDaggere jpara KiDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggereb daggerewki
fvM gvbyDaggerliB DcDaggeri daggerPvqvj Ges DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji
`vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ mvgvbuml GKUz mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK| Ges GUvB nDaggerjv macr^vfvweK| wKšlsquo wKQy gvbyDaggerli
daggerparaDaggerIcirc Gi DDaggereumlvUv dagger`Lv dagger`q| A_copyvr ZvDagger`i bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK _vDaggerK DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj ev DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ| GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi
fvlvq eDaggerj Class III malocclusion|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
`yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| 1Uv nDaggerjv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY| GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii
cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi
MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb dagger`DaggerL GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wKfvDaggere wPwKrmv KiDaggerj
daggerivMx mDaggerecopyvEumlg djvdj cvq|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion nq ZDaggere Orthodontic
Treatment A_copyvr iumlaygvIcirc Brace cwoDaggerqB wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere evošmdash ev cwiYZ daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB| ZDaggere Lye daggerewk eqDaggerm wPwKrmv KivDaggerj wPwKrmvi mgq daggereDaggero hvDaggere|
hw` evošmdash eqDaggerm nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion dagger`Lv dagger`q ZDaggere
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvjDaggerK mvgDaggerb Avbvi Rbuml ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvjDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerbqvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK wewfbœ
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aiDaggerYi hšiquest dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri eumlenvDaggerii Rbuml| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Face Mask Chin Cap DDaggerjshyL
daggerhvMuml|
hw` cwiYZ eqDaggerm gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerqi Class III malocclusion hv nvDaggerii MVDaggerbi
KviDaggerY nDaggerqDaggerQ Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ ZDaggere kjuml wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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evBgumlvmiddot
evBgvmiddot `y aiDaggerbi nq| evBgumlvwmiddotjvix cOumlUzordfmb Ges evBgumlvwmiddot jvix cOumlwKnotDaggerbmb| wK KwVb
katilde| Avmyb Lye mnDaggerR daggerRDaggerb daggerbB `uvZ I gvwoi Avi GK mgmumlv hvi bvg evBgvmiddot|
evBgumlvmiddot mgmumlvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj wKsev `uvZ wKsev DfqB mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK DPzu _vDaggerK| dDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv daggerVvU DPzu nDaggerq _vKv GgbwK gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ
cviv mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
mvavibZ `uvZ hw` Zzjbvg~jK fvDaggere eo GgbwK daggerPvqvj jcurren^v wKsev daggerXvK wMjvi mgq
wRnev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK Amacr^vfvweK fvDaggere `uvZDaggerK mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK daggerVjv w`Daggerj GB aiDaggerbi mgmumlv nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| NveovDaggerbvi wKQzB daggerbB GB mgmumlvi mgvavb Lye myrsaquo`i KDaggeri GK AwfAacute ADagger_copyDaggerWbwUdivide
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib| gDaggerb ivLDaggerZ nDaggere cOumlv_wgK Aemacrrsquovq GB mgmumlvi mgvavb KiDaggerj ZZUv RwUjZv nq
bv| eDaggerqvmwUuml KvDaggerji c~Daggere eDaggerqvmmwUuml KvDaggerji mgq Ges cDaggeri wPwKrmv eumlemacrrsquov cbdquo_K cbdquo_K nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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myrsaquo`Daggerii c~Rvix mKDaggerjB ZvB GB mgmumlv mgvavb KDaggeri
Avcwb nDaggerq DVyb myrsaquo`i `uvZ I nvwmi AwaKvix
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daggerMR `vuZ(High Canine) DPz KZcopyb `vuZ t
AvgvDagger`i gyDaggerL eqm 5 eQi chcopyšmdash daggerh 20 wU `vuZ _vDaggerK Zvi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ
_vDaggerK| eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ 20wU `ya `vuZ hLb cDaggero wMDaggerq macrrsquovqx `vuZ DDaggerV ZLbI daggergvU
32wU `vuDaggerZi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ _vDaggerK| G KZcopyb `uvZcedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi 4wU daggerKvbvq AewmacrrsquoZ| ZvB
GDagger`iDaggerK Corner Stone of mouth eDaggerj| bvg iumlbDaggerjB daggerevSv hvq G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Lv`uml`ordfeumlDaggerK
KZcopyb KiDaggerZ Ges wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri| G `vuZ cedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK kwsup3kvjx| KviY G `vuDaggerZi
GbvDaggergDaggerji cyisbquoZiexcl Daggerewk Ges mvgDaggerbi 4wU `vuDaggerZi (Pecopyb `vuZ-Incisor tooth) ciciB
AewmacrrsquoZ| daggerKvb daggerKvb mgq wewfbœ KviY ekZt G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Zvi wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK wfbœ
AemacrrsquovDaggerb dagger`Lv hvq| hw` G `vuZcedilDaggerjv gvwoi gDaggerauml ev DcDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri ZLb ZvDaggerK
High Canine ev daggerMR `vuZ ejv nq| Avevi KLDaggerbv GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv Zvjyi w`K w`Daggerq DDaggerV|
ZLb GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK Palataly placed canine eDaggerj| Avevi KLDaggerbv I gvwo ev Zvjyi wfZDaggeri
G `vuZ Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| ZLb ZvDaggerK Impacted Canine ejv nq| GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi gDaggerauml
AZxe Risbquoix PviwU `vuZ| GB `vuZ daggerhgb Lv`uml`ordfeuml KZcopyb I wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri cvkvcvwk
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daggerPvqvDaggerji bovPovDaggerK wbqšiquestY KDaggeri| GB `vuZDaggerK Beauty tooth I ejv nq| ZvB G `vuDaggerZi
mvwietimesfvDaggere webumlvm LyeB Risbquoix|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ daggerh KDaggerqKwU mgmumlv ZzDaggerj aiv nDaggerjv G mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi mgvavb LyeB Risbquoix|
hw` daggerKD GiKg daggerKvb mgmumlvq fyDaggerM _vDaggerKb ZDaggere AwfAacute Orthodontist -B nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
Avcbvi myrsaquo`i nvwm wdwiDaggerq dagger`qvi cig eUumlz|
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daggerVvuU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerki wkiumlDagger`i GKwU AbumlZg
mgmumlv| wewfbœ MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv wMDaggerqDaggerQ cOumlwZ 700 RDaggerb 1 Rb daggerVvuU KvUv Ges cOumlwZ 1000 RDaggerb
1 Rb wkiuml Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| daggerVvuU KvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggerQDaggerj wkiumlDagger`i Ges
ZvjyKvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggergDaggerq-wkiumlDagger`i gvDaggerS|
wewfbœ KviDaggerY wkiuml daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri _vDaggerK| kZKiv 25 fvM daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GUv eskMZ KviDaggerY nDaggerq _vDaggerK| hw` 1 Rb ZvjyKvUv daggerivMx 1 Rb mymacrrsquo gvbylDaggerK weDaggerq KDaggeri ZDaggere
ZvDagger`i ev‛Pvi ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kivi mcurrencentvebv kZKiv 2 fvM|
Mfcopyvemacrrsquovi cOuml_g fvDaggerM gv hw` daggerKvb fvBivj BbDaggerdKkDaggerb Avmicrovšmdash nq ev kvixwiKfvDaggere
AvNvZcOumlvszlig nq ev niDaggergvDaggerbi fvimvgumlnxbZvq fyDaggerM ev wfUvwgDaggerbi AfvDaggere fyDaggerM _vDaggerK ev
daggeriwWDaggerqkDaggerb GmiddotDaggercvR nq ev _umlvwjDaggerWvgvBW RvZxq Ilya MOumlnY KDaggeri ZDaggere wkiumli daggerVvuU ev
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| KvDaggerQi AvZyenxq macr^RDaggerbi gvDaggerS weDaggerq nDaggerjI wkiuml G mgmumlv
wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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DaggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq wkiuml RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerj cwieviDaggerK bvbv aiDaggerYi mvgvwRK I gvbwmK
mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ nq| wkiuml hLb GB mgmumlv wbDaggerq eo nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZLb daggermI gvbwmKfvDaggere
nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ _vDaggerK| G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ K_v
ejDaggerZ I iumlbDaggerZ mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| `vuDaggerZi mgmumlvi gDaggerauml hv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Zvi gDaggerauml AbumlZg
nDagger‛Q-wewfbœ `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKv `vuZ wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV gyDaggerLi Abuml daggerKvb RvqMvq
DVv evowZ wKQy `vuZ _vKv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb ksup3 bv nIqv `vuDaggerZi MVb myrsaquo`i bv nIqv
gvwoi wewfbœ mgmumlv `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPy-bxPz nIqv|
daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv daggerivMxDagger`i wPwKrmv weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmKDagger`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutev Qvov mcurrencente
bq| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Orthodontist Gi f~wgKv iumlisbquo nq ev‛Pvi RDaggerbyeni ci ciB| daggerhDaggernZz daggerVvuU I
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv nq daggermRbuml wkiumli RDaggerbyeni ci ciB
gyDaggerLi wfZi covi Rbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b daggerhb wkiumli daggerLDaggerZ
daggerKvb mgmumlv bv nq|
kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wkiumli 3-6 gvm eqDaggerm daggerVvuU I 1-2 eQi eqDaggerm Zvjy wVK KiDaggerZ
nDaggere GKRb AwfAacute kjuml wPwKrmK Oslashviv| kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg daggerVvuU I Zvjy wVK Kivi ci
wkiumli DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj hvDaggerZ msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GK aiDaggerYi
Appliance ev hšiquest bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b|
wkiumli Mixed dentition stage (6-12 eQi eqm) -G gyDaggerL daggerKvb AwZwisup3 `vuZ
_vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GQvov mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Cross bite _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuZ
AvuKv evKv _vKDaggerj ev Molar ev daggerclY `vDaggerZi Relation wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere Removable ev Fixed appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo
KiDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
me macrrsquovqx `vuZ PDaggerj Avmvi ci macrrsquovqxfvDaggere daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Kvgo (Occlusion
improve) wVK Kivi Rbuml Fixed ev Removable appliance w`Daggerq Orthodontist
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb Ges daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggereb|
GB mgDaggerq gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyDaggerK wVK Kivi Rbuml cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj Bony Graft Kiv daggerhDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| Gi dDaggerj Orthodontic treatment Gi daggerh djvdj ZvI Aparazbœ _vKDaggere|
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daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLvi ci Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere daggerivMxDaggerK
Permanent Retainer bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv daggerivMxDaggerK me mgq cDaggero _vKDaggerZ nDaggere|
Amacrlsaquovi weRqx DaggerRvqvDaggerKb wdwbmiddot RDaggerbyeni mgq daggerVvuU KvuUv wQj
daggerVvuU KuvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv daggerKvb Awfkvc bq| mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg
GDaggerK mvwiDaggerq daggerZvjv mcurrencente| `iKvi iumlay mevi mDaggerPZbZv Avi mwVK mgDaggerq weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri daggerm Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY Kiv|
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ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerKvb eqDaggerm iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ Zv AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKiB ARvbv|
ADaggerbK AwffveKB eySDaggerZ cvDaggerib bv wkiumli ADagger_copyvWbwUK mgmumlvi Rbuml daggerKvb eqDaggerm
Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| AAacutevbZvi Rbuml ev Abuml daggerKvb wOslashav-OslashDaggerrsaquo`i
KviDaggerY Zviv ADaggerbK mgqB ADaggerbK dagger`ix KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb wPwKrmvi
Rbuml| dDaggerj wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc wPwKrmvi eumlvwszligKvj daggereDaggero hvq| wKQyDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK
chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc
wPwKrmvi djvdj Avkvbyiƒc nq bv| KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv KZUv
Risbquoix| GLb Avwg ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi eqm mxgv wbDaggerq AvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri AvcbvDagger`i
wKQyUv nDaggerjI aviYv dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev Kie|
AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerk ADaggerbK wkiumlB daggerVvuU ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| Kzmsmacrlsaquoviv‛Qbœ
gvbyliv GDaggerK Awfkvc ev fvDaggerMumli wjLb gDaggerb KDaggeri nvZ cv cedilwUDaggerq eDaggerm _vDaggerK daggerKvb wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri bv| wKšlsquo gDaggerb ivLDaggereb daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumli
AwffveKDagger`i DwPZ RDaggerbyeni ci ciB GKRb AwfAacute Orhodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY Kiv|
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KviY G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i RDaggerbyeni ciB cOumlavb I cOuml_g daggerh mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q Zv nDaggerjv Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mgmumlv| Orthodontist Gmgq GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv wkiumlDaggerK Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml LyeB parawZKi GKwU Afumlvm|
mvaviYZ `yB dagger_DaggerK wZb eQi eqDaggermi gDaggerauml Avcbv Avcwb wkiuml G AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KDaggeri daggerdDaggerj|
wKšlsquo ZviciI hw` wkiuml AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere AwffveKDagger`i Gi parawZKi w`KwU
mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere Ges microgvMZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv PjDaggerZ _vKDaggerj wkiumlDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj G AfumlvmwU
`~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance) bullZwi KDaggeri w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib
hvDaggerZ KDaggeri fwelumlDaggerZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi KviDaggerY wkiumli `vuDaggerZi webumlvm AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv hvq|
mvaviYZ 5-6 eQi eqm dagger_DaggerK wkiumlDagger`i `ya `vuZ coDaggerZ iumlisbquo KDaggeri| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK mgq
dagger`Lv hvq AvNvZ RwbZ paraq RwbZ ev Abuml daggerKvb daggerivDaggerMi KviDaggerY wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya
`vuZ cDaggero hvq ev daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| `vuZ covi ci daggerh dvuKv RvqMvwU _vDaggerK daggerm RvqMvwU ZLb
`yB cvDaggerki `vuZ w`Daggerq eUuml nDaggerq hvq| dDaggerj rsquovqx `vuZ DVvi Rbuml chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv daggercDaggerq
Amacr^vfvweK daggerKvb RvqMvq `vuZ DDaggerV Ges `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi mcurrencentvebv daggereDaggero hvq| GB dvuKv
macrrsquovbwU hvDaggerZ cvDaggerki `vuZ Oslashviv eUuml bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl hšiquest bullZwi
KDaggeri w`Daggereb hvDaggerK Space maintainer eDaggerj| KvDaggerRB daggerKvb `ya`vuZ hw` Zvi wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi
AvDaggerM cDaggero hvq ZDaggere dagger`ix bv KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi mvDagger_ dagger`Lv Kisbquob|
ADaggerbK ev‛PvDagger`i dagger`Lv hvq DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj daggerewk evoDaggerQ ev hZUzKz evovi K_v
ZZUzKz evoDaggerQ bv| Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc evošmdash eqDaggerm (6-12) Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cOumlDaggerqvRb AbymvDaggeri Face
mask ev Chin cap eumlenvi KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb hv ev‛Pvi DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimesDaggerK
mwVK AmacrrsquovDaggerb wbDaggerZ mnvqZv KiDaggere|
DaggerVuvU I ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i daggerVvuU I Zvjy kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wVK
Kivi ci mwVK mgq Orthodontist Gmiddotcvbmb macrŒz (Expansion screw) ZvjyDaggerZ jvwMDaggerq
dagger`b hvDaggerZ DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq| G wkiumlDagger`i 8-10 eQi eqDaggerm bone
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grafting Kivi Rbuml kjuml wPwKrmKDaggerK cOumlDaggerqvRbxq civgkcopy I mnvqZv w`Daggerq _vDaggerKb
Orthodontist|
6-12 eQi eqDaggerm hLb wkiumli gyDaggerL `ya I macrrsquovqx Dfq cOumlKvi `vuZ we`umlgvb ZLb hw`
`vuDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo (Cross bite) daggerewk Kvgo (Deep bite) dagger`Lv hvq ZDaggere
Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRbxq eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggereb hvDaggerZ fwelumlDaggerZ KvgocedilDaggerjv AvDaggeriv Lvivc -Gi w`DaggerK
bv hvq|
`ya `vuZ me cDaggero hvevi ci I macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVvi ci AvuKv evuKv DuPz -bxPz `vuZ wVK
Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS Removable Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ
ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere) ev Fixed Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere bv) w`Daggerq
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb|
ADaggerbDaggerKiB gDaggerbB cOumlkœ _vDaggerK daggerh daggerewk eqDaggerm Orthodontic wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere wKbv|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuZ nvo I GDagger`i mvDagger_ mcurrenuacuteKcopyhysup3 structure cedilDaggerjv fvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZDaggere daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv Kiv mcurrencente|
cOumlvszlig eqDaggerm hw` DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj hw` Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes daggercDaggerq _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv
wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj kjuml wPwKrmvi Oslashvimacrrsquo nDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi mdjZv wbfcopyi KDaggeri wPwKrmDaggerKi AwfAacuteZv daggerivMx I Zvi
AwffveDaggerKi mnDaggerhvwMZv I mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi Dci|
gDaggerb ivLDaggereb mgDaggerqi GK daggerdvuo AmgDaggerqi `k daggerdvuo| mwVK mgDaggerq mwVK KvRwU KiDaggerj
Avcwb daggerh djvdj cvDaggereb dagger`ix KDaggeri KvRwU KiDaggerj daggermB djvdj Avcwb bvI daggercDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
Avcbvi daggerKvb wbKURDaggerbi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj mwVK mgDaggerq Orthodontist
Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggerZ fyjDaggereb bv daggerhb|
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Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Dci Bracket
ev Brace covDaggerbv _vDaggerK| Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq
Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv wbDagger`kcopyvejx wVKgZ daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj wPwKrmv cieZcopyx RwUjZv dagger`Lv
dagger`evi mcurrencentvebv LyeB Kg|
Fixed Orthodontic treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq gyL I `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZ weDaggerkl hZœ wbDaggerZ
nDaggere| daggerhme welDaggerqi Dci daggerewk daggerewk bRi ivLDaggerZ nDaggere Zv bxDaggerP dagger`qv nDaggerjvt
1 daggerhw`b daggerivMxi gyDaggerL Bracket emvDaggerbv nDaggere Zvici dagger_DaggerK 24 NrsaquoUv chcopyšmdash ksup3 Lvevi
LvIqv DwPZ bq| GDaggerZ Bracket LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| H 24 NrsaquoUv Lye daggerRvDaggeri daggerRvDaggeri `vuZ
eordfvk Kiv I DwPZ bq| daggerivMx Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv civgkcopy Abyhvqx `vuZ eordfvk
KiDaggere I macr^vfvweK Lvevi LvDaggere|
2 Bracket covDaggerbvi 2-3 w`b chcopyšmdash daggerivMxi GKUz Amacr^wmacrmdash nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GDaggerZ fDaggerqi wKQy
daggerbB| gyDaggerL bZzb wKQy wRwbm emvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2-3 w`b ci Zv AfumlvDaggerm cwiYZ nDaggerq
hvDaggere|
3 cOumlwZevi Lvevi LvIqvi ci AekumlB `vuZ fvDaggerjvfvDaggere eordfvk KiDaggerZ nDaggere| mKvDaggerj I ivDaggerZ
daggerdnotvivBW hysup3 Uz_Daggercdivide w`Daggerq `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggere| Abumlvbuml mgq Uz_ daggercoacute Qvov eordfvk KiDaggerjI
PjDaggere|
4 cOumlwZ wZb (3) gvm ci ci Uz_eordfvk e`j KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Uz_eordfvDaggerki weordfmampjcedilDaggerjv daggerhb big
(Medium soft) nq Zv daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
5 Bracket ev appliance -Gi Dci bxDaggerP 45 daggerKvDaggerY eordfvk aDaggeri `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
6 Lye daggerRvDaggeri Pvc w`Daggerq eordfvk Kiv hvDaggere bv| GDaggerZ KDaggeri Appliance LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
7 `vuDaggerZi daggerh cvDaggerk Appliance AvDaggerQ daggermB cvDaggerk Appliance -Gi Dci AvjDaggerZvfvDaggere
NywiDaggerq NywiDaggerq eordfvk KDaggeri `vuZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| `vuDaggerZi Abumlvbuml cvkcedilDaggerjvI daggerhb
fvDaggerjvfvDaggere cwireglsaquovi Kiv nq daggermw`DaggerK daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
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8 cOumlwZevi Lvevi Gi ci eordfvk Kiv mcurrencente bv nDaggerj LyefvDaggerjv KDaggeri KzjKzwP KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
9 `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerSi gqjv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Dental Floss eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
DaggerKvb KvwV ev myuB w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerLvPvDaggerbv hvDaggere bv|
10 wRnŸv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Tongue Cleanser eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
11 cOumlDaggerqvRDaggerb fvDaggerjv Mouth Wash eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere ZDaggerewPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy
Abyhvqx|
12 `vuDaggerZi gvwo Avfrac12yj w`Daggerq Massage Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
13 daggerKvb appliance daggerfDaggerfrac12 daggerMDaggerj ev LyDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ev Appliance Gi KviDaggerY gyDaggerL daggerKvb
mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj dagger`ix bv KDaggeri mDaggerfrac12 mDaggerfrac12 Orthondontist-Gi civgkcopy wbDaggerZ nDaggere|
14 wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq ksup3 Lvevi (nvo AvL) LvIqv cwinvi KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
15 AvVvDaggerjv RvZxq Lvevi (PzBs Mvg) LvIqv ev` w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
16 daggercqviv AvDaggercj ev daggerh daggerKvb ksup3 Lvevi Kvgo w`Daggerq bv daggerLDaggerq daggerQvU daggerQvU UzKiv KDaggeri
daggerLDaggerZ nDaggere|
17 Orthodontist DaggerhfvDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK AvmDaggerZ ejDaggereb (1gvm ci ci) AekumlB Zv cvjb
KiDaggerZ nDaggere| bv nDaggerj daggerivMxi wPwKrmv daggerkl nDaggerZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi daggerewk jvMDaggere|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbPz `vuZ wVK Kivi Rbuml daggerhgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Oslashviv mwVK wPwKrmv daggerZgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerivMx Ges daggerivMxi AwffveDaggerKi
mnDaggerhvwMZv Ges Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy Abyhvqx Pjv| ZDaggereB DaggerivMx wPwKrmv DaggerkDaggerl cvDaggere
KvwldquoparaZ myrsaquo`i `vuZ|
49
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
50
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ dnotwms
51
daggerQvAElig GKwU evMvDaggerb hw` ADaggerbKcedilDaggerjv MvQ daggereDaggero DVDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZDaggere ADaggerbK MvDaggerQi macr^vfvweK ebdquowtimes
weboacute nq Ges evMvbwU wKQyw`b ci Nb Rfrac12Daggerj cwiYZ nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK| ZLb hw` daggermLvb
dagger_DaggerK wKQy MvQ daggerKDaggerU daggerdjv nq ZDaggere evMvbwUi evKxMvQcedilDaggerjv iparav daggercDaggerq macr^vfvweKfvDaggere daggereDaggero
DVDaggere|
daggerZgwb gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerh cwigvY RvqMv AvDaggerQ Zvi daggerPDaggerq hw` `vuDaggerZi msLumlv daggerewk wKsev
`vuZ Lye daggerekx AvuKv evKv DuPz `uvZ _vKDaggerj ZDaggere Zv wVK KDaggeri `vuZDaggerK mywebumlvmacrmdash myrsaquo`i KDaggeri
daggerZvjvi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgq daggerivMxi wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB daggerivMx ev
Zvi AwffveK `vuZ daggerZvjvi K_v iumlbDaggerj fq cvq| Zviv fvDaggere `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ ADaggerbK euml_v
jvMDaggere ev daggerPvDaggerLi daggereordfBDaggerbi hw` daggerKvb parawZ nq| Zviv Orthodontist daggerK `vuZ bv ZzDaggerj
wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml AbyDaggeriva KDaggeri _vDaggerK| wKšlsquo ZvDagger`i G mKj aviYv mcurrenuacute~Ycopy Ag~jK| `vuZ
ZzjDaggerj daggerPvDaggerLi ev daggereordfBDaggerbi daggerKvb parawZ nqbv| GKRb AwfAacute wPwKrmK ZvB KiDaggereb hv KiDaggerj
daggerivMxi wPwKrmv fvDaggerjvfvDaggere mcurrenuacutebœ nDaggere Ges daggerivMx I Zvi AwffveK mšlsquowoacute jvf KiDaggere| Avi
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM wbw copyoacute rsquovb fvDaggerjvfvDaggere Aek KDaggeri wbDaggerj Ges wPwKrmDaggerKi dagger`qv DcDagger`k `vuZ
daggerZvjvi w`b I cieZcopyx KDaggerqKw`b mwVKfvDaggere daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj `vuZ daggerZvjvi ci daggerivMxi daggerZgb daggerKvb
Amyweav nq bv ejDaggerjB PDaggerj|
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`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM
`vuZ daggerZvjvi cDaggeri
53
ADaggerbDaggerKB AvDaggerQb hviv ivDaggerZ NygvDaggerbvi AvDaggerM Ges mKvDaggerj bvmacrmdashv Lvevi ci `vuZ eordfvk
KDaggerib `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Kvj wejcurren^ bv KDaggeri `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggerib
`vuDaggerZi mymacrrsquoZvi Rbuml hv hv `iKvi Zviv Zv-B KDaggerib| GmeB nDaggerjv fvDaggerjv Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi
Rbuml LyeB DcKvix|
wKšlsquo Ggb wKQy Afumlvm AvDaggerQ hv gyL I `vuDaggerZi macr^vDaggermacrrsquoumli Rbuml LyeB parawZKi| Gme
e`AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi bvbv aiDaggerYi mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q| GB AfumlvmcedilDaggerjvi gDaggerauml Avfrac12yj
daggerPvlv wRnŸampv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv ev daggerVjv dagger`Iqv daggerKvb mgmumlv bv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI gyL w`Daggerq wbkbrvbarvm
daggerbqv daggerVvuU I bL KvgovDaggerbv AbumlZg|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK| evev gv hw` GUv daggerLqvj KDaggerib ZDaggere wkiumlDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere daggerh Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv Lvivc| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz nDaggerq hvq ADaggerbK mgq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bvI coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Open bite) bxDaggerPi
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daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZcedilDaggerjv msKzwPZ nDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK hZUzKz daggerXDaggerK ivLv
DwPZ Zv KDaggerg daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerbvi ci I hw` Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm bv KDaggerg ZDaggere wkiumli 2-3 eQi eqm
chcopyšmdash ADaggercparav KiDaggerZ nDaggere| ADaggerbK mgq 3 eQi eqDaggermi ci wkiumli GB Afumlvm PDaggerj hvq|
ZviciI hw` wkiuml G Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere GKRb AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12
civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| wPwKrmK `iKvi gDaggerb nDaggerj daggerKvb Appliance ev hšiquest w`Daggereb hv
wkiumlDaggerK GB Afumlvm `~i KiDaggerZ mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wkiumli hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK ZDaggere DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DPuy nDaggerq hvq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bv coDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerivMx gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri
wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq Avcbvi daggermvbvgwbi hw` Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml
parawZKi ZDaggere cOuml_DaggergB ZvDaggerK eySvb| ZvDaggerZ KvR bv nDaggerj Aemacrrsquov hvDaggerZ AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv
hvq daggermRbuml AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy Kisbquob|
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OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
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CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
57
KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
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GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
60
ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
61
daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
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PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
-0-
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Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
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উৎসরগ Avgvi Avcurrensecty ও আবব hvi Rbuml Avgvi GB
Rxeb|
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dagger`LDaggerj Avgvi gb fvDaggerjv nDaggerq hvq| me Knotvwšmdash `~i
nDaggerq hvq|
6
cig KisbquoYvgq Avjshyvni bvDaggerg Avicurrencent KiwQ-
KhellipZAacuteZv cOumlKvk
KhellipZAacuteZv RvbvDaggerZ PvB Avgvi kordfDaggertimesq wkparaKDagger`i hviv AvgvDaggerK GB Ae rsquovDaggerb Avmvi
Rbuml memgq mvnvhuml mnDaggerhvwMZv I AbyDaggercOumliYv hywMDaggerqDaggerQb-
1| Prof Iida Junichiro Chairman Orthodontics Department
Hokkaido University Japan
2| Asst Professor Kajii S Takashi Orthodontics
Department Hokkaido University Japan
3| Prof Amirul Islam Principal Bangladesh Dental College
4| Asso Prof Lamiya Chowdhury Ex Head Orthodontics
Department Sapporo Dental College
AvDaggeriv KhellipZAacuteZv cOumlKvk KiDaggerZ PvB Avgvi kordfDaggertimesq wkparaK Prof
Emadul Haq (EX Principal Dhaka Dental College City
Dental College) mumlviDaggerK hvi Orthodontics eB cDaggero Avwg daggermB QvIcirc
eqm dagger_DaggerK eB daggerjLvi cOumlwZ AbycOumlvwbZ nDaggerqwQjvg|
mecopyDaggerkDaggerl ADaggerkl abumlev` RvbvDaggerZ PvB ZvDaggerK Ges ZvDagger`iDaggerK daggerh Ges hviv
GB eB daggerjLvi mvDagger_ IZDaggercOumlvZ fvDaggere RwoZ|
7
ADagger_copyvWwrsaquoUK wKnotwbK Rvcvb t
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Wvt mvMi
RvcvDaggerb ADagger_copyvWwrsaquoUK BgcshyumlvrsaquoU emvDaggerbvi mgq AcvDaggerikb w_DaggerqUvDaggeri
8
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3 ADagger_copyvWbwUKm AZxe Risbquoix I cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy
4 `uvDaggerZi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb
5 ADagger_copyvWbwUK wKQy mgmumlv `vuZ I gyDaggerLi wKQy mgmumlv
6 `vuZ AvuKv evuuKv nevi KviY mg~n
7 dvuKv `vuZ Spacing
8 microvDwWs Crowding
9 IDaggercb evBU Open bite
10 Knotvk 2 gumlvjKzDaggerjkb Class II maloclusion
11 Knotvk w_ordf gumlvjKzDaggerjkb Class III maloclusion
12 evBgumlvmiddot
13 daggerMuR `vuZ
14 daggerKnotdUamp wjc GUcirc cumlvDaggerjU Cleft lip amp palate
15 ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi eqm
16 ADagger_vcopyWbwUK wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgq daggerivMxi KiYxq
17 ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerparaDaggerIcirc `vuZ daggerZvjvi cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZv
18 wKQy Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml parawZKi
19 ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZv
20 daggereordfm - Avcbvi Rbuml wK Risbquoix
9
f~wgKv
gvbyl daggerKŠZznj wcOumlq| ARvbv daggerKvb welq wbDaggerq Rvbvi AvMOumln
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aviYv jvf KiDaggere| Avkv Kwi eBwU wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi QvIcirc-QvIcircxDagger`iI
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MOumlnY Kiv nDaggere|
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cOumlqvm AvcbvDagger`i mvgvbumlZg DcKvDaggeri GDaggerjI Avgvi cwikordfg mv_copyK
nDaggerqDaggerQ eDaggerj gDaggerb KiDaggerev| mevBDaggerK abumlev`|
10
gvbyl daggermŠrsaquo`Daggerhcopy c~Rvix daggermRbumlB myrsaquo`i gyDaggerLi Rq mecopyIcirc|
gvbyDaggerli daggermŠrsaquo`Daggerhcopyi AbumlZg AjsKvi nDaggerjv myrsaquo`i nvwm| ZvB
GB myrsaquo`i nvwm Kvi bv Kvguml| Avi GB myrsaquo`i nvwmi Rbuml
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cwiPhcopyv| Avi myrsaquo`i nvwm ADaggerbKvsDaggerk wbfcopyi KDaggeri `vuDaggerZi
mwVK webumlvDaggermi Dci| wewfbœ gvbyDaggerli AvuKv evuKv DPz-bxPz
dvuKv `vuZ Avgiv ADaggerbK mgqB daggerLqvj KDaggeri _vwK| `vuDaggerZi Gme
mgmumlv myrsaquo`i nvwmi daggerparaDaggerIcirc cOumlavb Ašmdashivq| G QvovI dagger`Lv dagger`q `vuZ I gvwoi wewfbœ daggerivM
DaggerivMxi K_v ejDaggerZ ev Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri ADaggerbDaggerKB DuPz `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY `yB daggerVvuU eUuml
KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri bv dDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ LyeB Amyrsaquo`i jvDaggerM| daggerivMx cvwievwiK mvgvwRK I gvbwmKfvDaggere
wewfbœ mgmumlvq fyMDaggerZ _vDaggerK| ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcirc daggergDaggerqDagger`i weDaggerqi daggerparaDaggerIcircI evav nDaggerq `vuovq G aiDaggerYi
Amyrsaquo`i `vuZ| wKšlsquo `vuDaggerZi Gme mgmumlv daggerKb nq Gi daggerKvb
mwVK wPwKrmv AvDaggerQ wKbv Zv AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKiB
ARvbv|
`šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi DEumlDaggerivEumli AMOumlMwZi
dDaggerj `vuDaggerZi G aiDaggerYi mgmumlv `~i Kiv Avi daggerKvb eumlvcviB
bv| whwb AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbuPz dvuKv `vuDaggerZi mgmumlv
wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wVK KDaggerib ZvDaggerK ejv nq Orthodontist AvcbvDagger`i myweavDagger_copy Avwg `vuDaggerZi
G aiDaggerYi wKQy mgmumlv KviY cOumlwZKvi I wPwKrmv ctimeswZ wbDaggerq mswparaszligfvDaggere AvDaggerjvPbv Kie hv
cDaggero Avcwb Lye mnDaggerRB eySDaggerZ cviDaggereb Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ daggerKvb mgmumlv AvDaggerQ wKbv hvi Rbuml
Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY Kiv DwPZ| KvDaggerRB ejv hvq Avcwb ev Avcbvi daggerKvb
cwiwPZRb Amyrsaquo`i `vuZ wbDaggerq daggerKvb mgmumlvq fyMDaggerj Orthodontist Gi mvDagger_ daggerhvMvDaggerhvM KDaggeri
Zvi civgcopyk Abyhvqx wPwKrmv wbDaggerq nDaggerZ cvDaggerib gysup3 Siv nvwmi AwaKvix| Avi daggermB nvwmi
wSwjDaggerK Avcbvi Pvicvk nDaggerq DVDaggere AvDaggerjvwKZ|
11
cOumlwZw`b Avwereglsaquovi nDagger‛Q bZzb bZzb wPwKrmv eumlemacrrsquov Ges
ZviB mvDagger_ dagger`Lv w`Dagger‛Q bZzb bZzb daggerivM I mgmumlv| wPwKrmv
weAacutevDaggerbi cwiwa Acwimxg| `šmdash weAacutevDaggerbi wewfbœ welDaggerqi
gDaggerauml ADagger_copyvWbwUKm GKwU AZxe Risbquoix Ges MisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy
welq| `šmdash weAacutevDaggerbi wewfbœ kvLv daggerhgb `vuZ gvwo Ges
gyLMnŸDaggerii kjuml wPwKrmv KhellipwIcircg `vuZ jvMvDaggerbv isbquoU Kumlvbvj wPwKrmv
BZumlvw` welq mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy gvbyDaggerli KgDaggerewk aviYv AvDaggerQ| wKšlsquo ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm katildewU DtradecentvweZ nDaggerqDaggerQ `yOtildewU wMOumlK katilde dagger_DaggerK|
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm = ADagger_copyvm + daggerWvbm = mwVK + `uvZ
ZvnDaggerj ADagger_copyvWbwUKm katildewUi cOumlKhellipZ evsjv cOumlwZkatilde nDagger‛Q Ocirc`vuZ wVK KivOtilde
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm `šmdash weAacutevDaggerbi Ggb GKwU kvLv hv MDaggerelY KDaggeri mvaviY bull`wnK MVb g~jZ
g~DaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerji Ges `vuDaggerZi MVb wbDaggerq Ges GwU AvDaggeriv MDaggerelYv KDaggeri gyDaggerLi mvaviY MVb Kx Kx
KviDaggerY eumlvnZ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges Gi cOumlwZDaggeriva Ges wPwKrmvi Dcvq wbDaggerq hv wbw`copyoacute Rxewe`umlvi
gDaggerauml mxwgZ|
wewfbœ MDaggerelK OcircADagger_copyvWbwUKmDaggerK AvLumlvwqZ KDaggeriDaggerQb wewfbœ fvDaggere| Ocirc`umlv weordfwUk daggermvmvBwU
di w` dividevwW Ae ADagger_copyvWbwUKmOtilde AvLumlvwqZ KDaggeriDaggerQb wbDaggeraeligvsup3fvDaggere
OcircADagger_copyvWbwUKmOtilde -G gyL I daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimes I mcurrencOumlmviY mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy weDaggerePbv I weDaggerkshylY Kiv
nq hv Oslashviv DcDaggerii I wbDaggerPi `vuDaggerZi RvqMv ev Aemacrrsquovb msDaggerkvwaZ nq|
Avgiv ADagger_copyvWbwUKm mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy RvbDaggerj mnDaggerRB eySDaggerZ cvie daggerKvb `vuZ Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere
DaggereDaggero DVDaggerQ DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj wbDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvDagger_ mvgAumlmuml c~Ycopy nDaggerq ebdquowtimes cvDagger‛Q wK bvwK
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz-wbPz dvuKv GDaggerjvDaggergjv iumlayB wK `vuZ bvwK daggerPvqvjUvI DuPz-wbPz wKsev evuKv
`vuZ Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerQ wK bv GZ me cOumlDaggerkœi DEumli Avgiv mnDaggerRB RvbDaggerZ cvwi
12
OcircADagger_copyvWbwUKmOtilde welqUv daggerRDaggerb| iumlay Rvbv daggerKb GB me mgmumlvi mvgvavb w`DaggerZ cvwi
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg| GKUv welq RvbDaggerZ PvBDaggerj ADaggerbK wKQyB Rvbv `iKvi|
ZviciI GB wPwKrmvi cOumlavb wKQy jparauml I DDaggerIumlkuml wbaeligiƒDaggerc ZzDaggerj aiv nDaggerjv-
gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopy ebdquowtimesi Rbuml
ADagger_vcopyWbwUK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopy ebdquowtimes mcurrencente| `vuZDaggerK Zvi macr^vfvweK AemacrrsquovDaggerb
wbDaggerq GDaggerm `vuDaggerZi Ges gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopy ebdquowtimes mcurrencente| GUv AZxe Risbquoix wbaeligiƒc KviDaggerY
gvbyl Amyrsaquo`i `vuZ wbDaggerq daggerh gvbwmK mgmumlvq _vDaggerK Zv Avi nq bv|
cieZcopyx RxeDaggerb mvgvwRK jfrac34vDaggerevDaggerai nvZ dagger_DaggerK wbregKhellipwZ cvIqv hvq|
macr^vfvweKfvDaggere Dci Ges wbDaggerPi daggerVvuDaggerUi Aemacrrsquovb wVK KiDaggerj GwU gvwoDaggerK myiparav KDaggeri Ges
bvK w`Daggerq kbrvbarvm cOumlkbrvbarvm wbDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri|
13
`vuDaggerZi MVDaggerbi Ges KvDaggerRi DbœwZi Rbuml
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg `vuDaggerZi KgcopyparagZv ebdquowtimes cvq| KviY GB wPwKrmvi
gvaumlDaggerg macr^vfvweK Kvgo (Balanced Occlusion with normal over jet amp overbite)
cOumlmacrlsquoZ Kiv nq|
AvuKv evuKv `vuZ wVK Kiv Ges `vuDaggerZi MVDaggerbi macrrsquovwqZiexcl evovDaggerbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg gvbyDaggerli AwZwisup3 `vuZ ev GKB RvqMvq daggerewk `vuZ ev
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Aemacrrsquovb wVK KiDaggerj cieZcopyxKvDaggerj `vuDaggerZ KumlvwiDaggerRi (daggercvKv LvIqv) gvwoi cOuml`vn BZumlvw` mgmumlv
nq bv|
Abuml `šmdash wPwKrmvi mvnvhumlKvix wnDaggermDaggere
KhellipwIcircg `vuZ emvDaggerbvi Rbuml mwVKfvDaggere RvqMv bullZwi KiDaggerZ|
paray`ordf cwimDaggeri Aiacute wKQy msLumlK DcKvixZv DaggerRDaggerb wbDaggerjb daggerZv
14
Avcbvi myrsaquo`i mvRvDaggerbv Ni hvi me wKQzB cwicvwU| wbfcopyvebvq Avcbvi emevm| hw`
Gi me wKQzB ADaggerMvQvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZvnDaggerj wK fDaggerjv jvMDaggere jvMDaggere bv| wVK daggerZgwbB AvgvDagger`i
DcDaggerii Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUDaggerZ daggergvU 32 wU macrrsquovqx `uvZ _vDaggerK GB 32 wU macrrsquovqx `uvZ Gi macr^vfvweK
Aemacrrsquovb G _vKDaggerj Avcbvi `uvZ dagger`LvDaggere myrsaquo`i mvRvDaggerbv NDaggerii gDaggerZv| hLb `uvZ Zvi mwVK
AemacrrsquovDaggerb _vDaggerK bv ZLb GUv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri GeDaggerov dagger_eDaggerov GDaggerjvDaggergDaggerjv DPz-bxPz AemacrrsquovDaggerb| ZLb
Avcbvi `uvZ Avi mvRvDaggerbv myrsaquo`i AemacrrsquovDaggerb daggerbB daggerbB eDaggerjB dagger`LDaggerZ GiKg| hw` KvDaggeriv `uvZ
Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb daggerbB hv dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMDaggerQ ZvnDaggerj GKRb AfxAacute ADagger_vcopyWbwUdivide nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri Avcbvi cig eUumlz| Dwb cDaggerib mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg Avcbvi `uvZDaggerK myrsaquo`i KiDaggerZ|
ZvnDaggerj AvgvDagger`i mKDaggerji Rvbvi cOumlDaggerqvRb AvmDaggerj `uvDaggerZi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb daggerKvbwU Ges
daggerKv_vq| hvi dDaggerj Avgiv wbDaggerRivB eyDaggerS wbDaggerZ cviDaggerev AvgvDagger`i `uvZ Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerQ
wK bvB|
15
`uvDaggerZi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb wbfcopyi KDaggeri `vuDaggerZi AKnotzmb ev DcDaggerii cvwUi `uvZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi
`uvDaggerZi Kvgo Gi Dci| cOumlKhellipZ ADagger_copy `uvDaggerZi AKnotzmb gvDaggerb nDagger‛Q DcDaggerii cvwUi `uvDaggerZi mvDagger_
bxDaggerPi cvwUi `uvDaggerZi mcurrenuacuteKcopy hLb cvwUOslashq Kvgo dagger`qv ZvDagger`i c~bvcopysM msDaggerhvDaggerM (Cuspal
Occlusion) G iDaggerqDaggerQ|
hLb uvZ Ges `uvDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ Kvgo Zvi meDaggerPDaggerq mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb iDaggerqDaggerQ GgbwK mcurrenuacute~bcopy
KgcopyKZvcopy cwicyYcopy KDaggeri Ges `bdquowoacutebrsaquo`b ZvDaggerK `uvDaggerZi macr^vfvweK Kvgo ev bigvj AKnotzmb eDaggerj|
Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc 1-2wU `uvDaggerZ Aiacute Amacr^vfvweKZv _vKDaggerj I _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
`uvDaggerZi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb`uvDaggerZi macr^vfvweK Kvgo Gi kZcopycedilDaggerjv wbgœiƒc-
1| bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZ cedilDaggerjv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZ MyDaggerjvi Zzjbvq msLumlvMZ w`K w`Daggerq
GKUz mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere| Zvi Kvib nDaggerjv bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZcedilDaggerjv DcDaggerii
daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `uvDaggerZi daggerPDaggerq AvuKvDaggeri daggerQvU|
2| DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZ cedilDaggerjv GKwU wbw`copyoacute `yiZiexcl I KvgDaggeroi gvaumlDaggerg mvgDaggerb Ges wcQDaggerb
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK daggerXDaggerK ivLDaggere|
3| DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclb `uvZ (1st) Gi mvgDaggerb Ges evwnDaggerii w`DaggerK DPuy Ask wU
(Mesio Buccal Cusp) wbDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclb `uvDaggerZi mvgDaggerb Ges evwnDaggerii
gvSvgvwS daggerh uvDaggerZ bumlvq RvqMvq (Buccal Groove) Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
4| DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerQ`b `uvZ wbDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerQ`b Ges AMOumlDaggerclb (1st Premolar)
Gi gaumleZxcopy dvuKv macrrsquovDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
5| wbDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji KZcopyb `uvDaggerZi wKbviv (Incisal Edge) DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji KZcopyb `uvDaggerZi
cbdquoocircDagger`k (Zvjyi w`DaggerK) Gi gaumleZxcopy macrrsquovDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere| hv nDaggerZ nDaggere mwVK `yiZiexcl Ges
mwVK Kvgo mcurrenuacutebœ|
ZvnDaggerj dagger`ix daggerKb Gparazbx 1 wgwbU Avqbvi mvgDaggerb `vwoDaggerq dagger`DaggerL daggerbB AvgvDagger`i `uvZ Ges
`uvDaggerZi Kvgo Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb iDaggerqDaggerQ wK bv
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16
GKwesk kZvatildexDaggerZ wPwKrmv weAacutevb DbœwZi Pig wkLDaggeri Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerQ| GB DbœwZi
daggerRvqvDaggerii mvDagger_ Zvj wgwjDaggerq `šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi AbumlZg cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy kvLv ADagger_vcopyWbwmqv I
GLb AvDaggeriv DbœZ| bvbvwea RwUj mgmumlvi mgvavb nDagger‛Q ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg|
Avmyb Avgiv cwiwPZ nB KZcedilDaggerjv cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy mgmumlvi mDaggerfrac12 hvi mgvavb Lye mnDaggerRB wPwKrmvi
gvaumlDaggerg Kiv hvq|
1 microvDwWs Crowding
GB aiDaggerYi mgmumlvq dagger`Lv hvq daggerPvqvDaggerj `vuZcedilDaggerjv AvuKv evuKv nDaggerq Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerQ ev
daggerPvqvDaggerj chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKvi KviDaggerY GK `vuZ Abuml `vuDaggerZi Dci DDaggerV daggerMDaggerQ|
microvDwWs Crowding
2 daggermacruacutewms (Spacing)
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS
dvuKv RvqMv _vKv|
17
3 wWmDaggercshymDaggergrsaquoU (Displacement)
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq GKwU `vuDaggerZi daggerh RvqMvq Aemacrrsquovb Kivi K_v daggermLvb dagger_DaggerK mDaggeri Abuml
RvqMvq PDaggerj hvq|
wWmDaggercshymDaggergrsaquoU
(Displacement)
4 GKDaggerUvwcK Bivcmb (Ectopic Eruption)
`vuZ Zvi wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV Abuml daggerKvb `vuDaggerZi RvqMvq ev Abuml daggerKvb
Amacr^vfvweK AemacrrsquovDaggerb DDaggerV|
GKDaggerUvwcK Bivcmb
(Ectopic Eruption)
5 Cross Bite ev DDaggereumlv Kvgo Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii daggerPqvDaggerji
mvgDaggerbi `vuZ cedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `uvZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL Ges DcDaggerii
daggerPvqvDaggerji wcQDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ mvgvbuml evBDaggerii
18
w`DaggerK _vDaggerK| GDaggerK Normal Bite ev macr^vfvweK Kvgo eDaggerj| GB Aemacrrsquovi DDaggereumlvwU hLb
NDaggerU ZLb ZvDaggerK Cross Bite ev DDaggereumlv Kvgo eDaggerj|
Cross Bite
ev DDaggereumlv Kvgo
6 (IDaggercb evBU) Open bite
Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerii cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi daggerPqvDaggerji
cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi GKwU macruacutekcopy _vDaggerK| daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` Kvgo dagger`qv Ae rsquovq DcDaggerii cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi msmacruacutekcopy bv _vDaggerK Ges Gi dDaggerj `yB cvwU `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS
dvuKv _vDaggerK ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Open bite eDaggerj|
IDaggercb evBU
(Open bite)
7 wWc evBU (Deep bite)
Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi
GK ZhellipZxqvsk daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL| wKšlsquo daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi cyDaggerivUv daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL ZLb ZvDaggerK Deep bite ev daggerewk Kvgo eDaggerj|
19
(wWc evBU) Deep bite
8 Knotvm 2 gumlvjAKnotzmb
(Class II malocclusion Division 1) GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ macr^vfvweDaggerKi daggerPDaggerq ADaggerbK mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| DcDaggerii cvwUcopyi mvgDaggerbi
`vZcedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK DuPz nq|
Knotvm 2 wWwfkb 1 gumlvjAvKnotzmb
11 Knotvm 3 gumlvjAKnotzmb (Class III Malocclusion)
20
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi cvwcopyUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL
ev DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi Inscisal Edge GDaggerK AcDaggerii DcDaggeri Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| hvDaggerK
Edge To Edge Bite eDaggerj|
Knotvm 3 gumlvjAKnotzmb
12 Zvjy KvUv I daggerVvuU KvUv t
GwU GKwU RbyenMZ mgmumlv ADaggerbDaggerK iumlay daggerVvU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv Avevi ADaggerbDaggerK Dfq
mgmumlv wbDaggerqB RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| AwfAacute wPwKrmKebdquoDaggerrsaquo`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutevi gvaumlDaggerg mwVK
mgDaggerq mwVK wPwKrmv w`Daggerq daggerVvuU I Zvjy KvUv fvDaggerjv Kiv AvRKvj daggerKvb mgmumlvB bq|
21
Zvjy KvUv
daggerVvuU KvUv
DcDaggerii AvDaggerjvPbvq Avwg wKQy mgmumlv Lye mnR fvlvq AvcbvDagger`i eySvDaggerZ daggerPoacutev KDaggeriwQ|
GmKj mgmumlvi mswparaszlig weeiY wfZDaggerii cOumlwZwU AaumlvDaggerq dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev KiwQ|
22
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PROF IIDA JUN ICHI RO DR SAGOR amp
PROF TT YAMAMOTO AT KOREA
23
At IADR Seminar USA
Avcwb nqDaggerZvev Avcbvi wbDaggerRi A_ev daggerKvb wcOumlqRDaggerbi AvuKv evuKv `vuZ wbDaggerq LyeB
`ywethšmdashvMOumlmacr mdash| mywPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg Orthodontist AvcbvDaggerK GB `ywethšmdashv dagger_DaggerK gysup3 KiDaggerZ
cvDaggerib| wKšlsquo Avcwb wK RvDaggerbb daggerKb `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPz bxPz nq Avmyb bxDaggerPi AvDaggerjvPbvi
gvaumlDaggerg Avgiv cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy GB cOumlkœwUi DEumli LyuDaggerR daggerbB|
wewfbœ wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv wewfbœfvDaggere `vuZ AvuKv-evuKv nevi KviY mg~nDaggerK daggerkordfYxetimes
KDaggeriDaggerQb| AvcbvDagger`i Rvbvi myweavDagger_copy Lye mnR fvlvq `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi KviY mg~n wbDaggerP
dagger`qv njt
1| RbyenMZ KviY t K) wkiuml hw` daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| L) wkiumli
RDaggerbyeni mgq gv_vq AvNvZ daggercDaggerj| M) wewfbœ JlDaggerai cvkbrvbarcopy cOumlwZmicroqvi Rbuml|
2| eskMZ KviDaggerYt daggerPvqvj Lye daggerewk eo ev daggerQvU nDaggerj| daggerPvqvDaggerj me `vuZ aDaggeri
ivLvi gZ chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKDaggerj|
3| niDaggergvDaggerbi wewfbœ mgmumlv daggerhgbt Cretinism acromegali _vKDaggerj|
4| daggerPvqvj ev `vuDaggerZi bxDaggerP daggerKvb wUDgvi _vKDaggerj ev AvNvZ daggercDaggerj|
5| fyj ctimeswZDaggerZ Lvevi wMjDaggerj (Improper Swallowing)|
6| gyDaggerL daggerKvb `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKDaggerj|
7| `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AvKhellipwZ Amacr^vfvweK nDaggerj|
8| gyDaggerL AwZwisup3 daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj|
9| DaggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi gDaggerauml jydegvwqZ _vKDaggerj|
10| wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya `vuZ daggerdDaggerj w`Daggerj|
11| `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi ciI ADaggerbKw`b aDaggeri gyDaggerL Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerj|
12| macrrsquovqx daggerKvb `vuZ bv _vKDaggerj|
13| macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVDaggerZ dagger`ix KiDaggerj|
14| AvNvZ daggercDaggerj|
15| DaggerKvb `vuZ mnRfvDaggere DVDaggerZ euml_copy nDaggerj|
16| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv dagger`qv cOumlfbdquowZ AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi
cOumlavb KviYmg~nDaggerZv RvbDaggerjb| Avmyb bv Rvbv AacutevbUvDaggerK KvDaggerR jvMvB| DcDaggerivsup3
24
KviYmg~n hw` KvDaggeriv gvDaggerS dagger`LDaggerZ cvB ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY
KiDaggerZ ewj|
hLb KvDaggeriv gv_vq PzDaggerji cwigvb macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ Kg _vDaggerK ZLb ZvDaggerK KZB bv
`ywethšmdashv MOumlmacr mdash dagger`Lvq| gv_vi Pzjwenxb dvuKv macrrsquovb wKfvDaggere `~i Kiv hvq Zv wbDaggerq daggerhb wPšmdashvi daggerkl
_vDaggerK bv| wVK daggerZgwbfvDaggere wKQy gvbyDaggerli `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMv dagger`Lv hvq| ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcirc
Zviv Abuml gvbyDaggerli mvgDaggerb K_v ejDaggerZ GgbwK cOumlvb LyDaggerj nvmDaggerZI Amacr^wmacrmdash daggereva KDaggeri| hviv dvuKv
`vuDaggerZi mgmumlv fyMDaggerQb ZvDagger`i `ywethšmdashvi w`b daggerkl| ADagger_copyvWbwUKm wPwKrmvi KjumlvDaggerb dvuKv
`vuDaggerZi wPwKrmv GLb Avi daggerKvb mgmumlvB bq|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy
wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
25
mvaviY ADagger_copy Spacing ejDaggerZ Avgiv dvuKv macrrsquovb eywS| wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi fvlvq hLb
g yDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb daggerKvb `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMv _vDaggerK ZLb ZvDaggerK Spacing eDaggerj|
cOumlKviDaggerf` t Spacing `yB aiDaggerYi nDaggerq _vDaggerK|
1) Generalized Spacing daggerPvqvDaggerji me ev AwaKvsk `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv
_vKDaggerj|
2) Localized Spacing `yB ev ZDaggerZvwaK `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerj|
DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `ywU `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerj ZvDaggerK Median
Diastema eDaggerj|
Spacing ev dvuKvi KviY t
1 daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq `vuDaggerZi AvKvi hw` daggerQvU nq
2 RbyenMZfvDaggere daggerKvb `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKDaggerj|
3 Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj|
4 DaggerKvb `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AwZ paraz`ordf nDaggerj|
5 `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerj|
6 wmdivide wUDgvi _vKDaggerj|
7 wRnŸv eo _vKDaggerj| (macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ)
8 `vuZ wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK NyDaggeri daggerMDaggerj
9 GQvov daggerVuvU ev MvDaggerji KviDaggerY A_ev AwZwisup3 daggerKvb `vuZ gyDaggerL _vKDaggerj Zv cvDaggerki
`vuZDaggerK Pressure w`Daggerq mwiDaggerq Spacing KDaggeri|
Spacing wKfvDaggere wbYcopyq Kiv nq t
K) DaggerivMxi gyL MnŸi chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri
L) DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZiƒc ev Model dagger`DaggerL
M) x-ray dagger`DaggerL|
26
Spacing Gi Amyweav mg~nt
duvKv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI daggerivMxi Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv K_v ejvi
mgq daggerKvb daggerKvb katilde macruacuteoacutefvDaggere D‛PviDaggerY mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt
Spacing Gi wPwKrmv Kivi c~Daggerecopy daggerivMxi BwZnvm fvDaggerjvfvDaggere RvbDaggerZ nDaggere Ges
Spacing Gi mcurrencentveuml KviY mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggerZ nDaggere| hw` daggerivMxi Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK
hvi Rbuml `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMvi mbdquowoacute nDagger‛Q ZDaggere daggermB Afumlvm ev` dagger`qvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| ZviciI hw` daggerivMx Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere Habit breaking
appliance eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere| daggerKvb
TumourCyst _vKDaggerj Zv AcmviY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Spacing hw` Lye mvgvbuml cwigvDaggerY nq
Ges daggerivMxi hw` daggerKvb AwfDaggerhvM bv _vDaggerK ZDaggere wPwKrmv bv KivDaggerj I PDaggerj| ZDaggere Spacing
ADaggerbK daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontics wPwKrmv jvMDaggere| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri
wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wK aiDaggerYi wPwKrmv w`Daggereb| Spacing wVK Kivi Rbuml yB aiDaggerYi hšiquest ev
appliance use Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Removable Appliance)
Orthodontist `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ Fixed KDaggeri Appliance wU jvwMDaggerq w`Daggereb
(Fixed appliance) hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggerebv|
hw` `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mvgvbuml dvuKv _vDaggerK ZDaggere `vuDaggerZi iDaggerOi mvDagger_ wgwjDaggerq Filling Kiv
daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
GQvov gyDaggerLi Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS KhellipwIcircg `vuZ ewmDaggerq I Spacing Correction Kiv hvq| DaggerZv
Avcbvi hw` _vDaggerK dvuKv `vuDaggerZi mgmumlv ZDaggere PDaggerj Avmyb AwfAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ| wPwKrmv
KwiDaggerq `vuDaggerZi dvuKv wVK Kisbquob cOumlvY LyDaggerj nvmyb Avi nDaggerq DVyb AvKlcopyYxq|
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27
mvaviYfvDaggere Crowding ejDaggerZ daggerKvb wKQyi AvwaKumlDaggerK daggerevSvq| wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi
fvlvq gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKvi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi macr^vfvweK webumlvm evavMOumlmacrrsquo nDaggerq daggerh
wekbdquoldquoLjZv mbdquowoacute nq ZvDaggerK Crowding eDaggerj|
KviYmg~nt wewfbœ KviDaggerY gyDaggerL Crowding nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Zvi gDaggerauml DDaggerjshyLDaggerhvMuml
KviYmg~n bxDaggerP Dagger`qv njt
1 gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AvKhellipwZi mvgAumlmuml bv _vKDaggerj|
2 `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj|
3 `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi ADaggerbK AvDaggerM cDaggero daggerMDaggerj
4 macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVDaggerZ dagger`ix nDaggerj
5 AvNvZ daggercDaggerj
6 DaggerKvb `vuZ evowZ _vKDaggerj
7 Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj
28
8 daggerPvqvj macr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes bv daggercDaggerj
Crowding wbYcopyqt
1 daggerivMxi gyLMnŸi chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri|
2 DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Model ev cOumlwZiƒc dagger`DaggerL
3 GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL|
Crowding Gi djvdj t
`vuDaggerZi Dci cOumlfvet Gi dDaggerj `vuZ Zvi wbDaggerRi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK NyDaggeri daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri
`vuZ daggernDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri GgbwK daggerKvb daggerKvb `vuZ bvI DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Dci cOumlfve t
1 DaggerivMx mvgvwRKfvDaggere wewfbœ mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
2 DaggermŠrsaquo`hcopynvwb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
3 `vuZ wVKgZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ bv cvivi KviDaggerY `vuZ I gvwoi wewfbœ daggerivDaggerM Avmicrovšmdash
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
4 nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmv t
1 cOumlwZDaggerivag~jK eumlemacrrsquovt
hw` daggerivMxi cwievDaggeri KvDaggeriv `vuDaggerZ Crowding _vDaggerK ZDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist-Gi chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ covi mwVK mgq bv Avmv chcopyšmdash `ya `vuZDaggerK msiparaY Kivi daggerPoacutev KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggerKvb paraqDaggerivM dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerZ daggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml
boacute bv nq|
Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj ZumlvM KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ mwVK mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj Zv wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq daggerdDaggerj dagger`qvi eumlemacrrsquov KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
29
gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere avivevwnKfvDaggere wbw`copyoacute wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerK
wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi fvlvq Serial extraction ejv nq|
2 msDaggerkvab g~jK eumlemacrrsquov t
K) DaggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml evovDaggerbv
DaggerPvqvjDaggerK cOumlmvwiZ Kiv
mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK wKQyUv DuPz Kiv
Daggergvjvi `vuZDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerUDaggerb Daggerbqv
vuDaggerZi AvKvi daggerQvU KDaggeri daggerdjv
`vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjv t
Crowding Gi cwigvY Lye daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontist wVK KiDaggereb daggerKvb `vuZwU
daggerdjDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
Crowding Lye daggerewk nDaggerj ev gvSvwi aiDaggerYi nDaggerj Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggerq
Removable ev Fixed daggerh daggerKvb GK aiDaggerYi appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggereb|
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Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi
msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy AvDaggerm| wKšlsquo daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` DcDaggerii cvwUcopyi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy bv
AvDaggerm Ges Gi dDaggerj DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi cvwUcopyi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mecopy`v dvuKv macrrsquovb _vDaggerK Ges gyL
mcurrenuacute~YcopyiƒDaggerc eUuml bv nq ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Open Bite eDaggerj|
mvaviYfvDaggere Open Bite ejDaggerZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi
Kvgo bv jvMvDaggerK daggerevSvq|
Open bite mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ ev wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Open Bite Gi KviY
mg~nt Avfrac12yj weDaggerkl KDaggeri ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Open bite nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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wRnŸv macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ eo _vKDaggerj ev hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjvavdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm
_vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS _vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi
DcDaggerii AsDaggerk (occlusal surface) -G _vDaggerK ZDaggere Open Bite nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
G Qvov daggerivMx hw` Bony Dysplasia Congenital wmwdwjm BZumlvw` daggerivDaggerM fyDaggerM
_vDaggerK ZDaggereI Open bite Gi mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt Open bite Gi wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml mecopycOuml_g daggerivMxDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOuml_Daggerg Open bite nevi KviY
mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggereb| hw` daggerivMxi Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK
ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm `~i Kivi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb
KDaggerib ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm ~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance)
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib daggerivMxDaggerK|
Open bite hw` gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj hvq ZDaggere Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontic
appliance eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri hv Fixed ev Removable daggerh daggerKvb iKgB
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
hw` daggerPvqvDaggerji nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Open bite dagger`Lv hvq Ges daggerivMxi eqm hw` 6-12 eQi
nq ZDaggere Chin cap (Chin cap bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi ev bxDaggerPi w`DaggerKi ebdquowtimes
nIqvDaggerK cOumlwZDaggeriva KDaggeri) Gi mvDagger_ High pull head gear eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nevi ci Ges macrrsquovqx `vuZ me DVvi ci daggerPvqvDaggerji Amacr^vfvweK
ebdquowtimesRwbZ KviDaggerY daggerh Open bite nq Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Surgery Kiv DaggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq KvDaggeriv Open bite Gi mgmumlv _vKDaggerj AvovDaggerj Zvi mgvDaggerjvPbv bv
KDaggeri AvgvDagger`i mKDaggerji DwPZ ZvDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ
ejv| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cieZcopyx KiYxq mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy ejDaggerZ cviDaggereb| Zvui
civgkcopy Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY KiDaggerj Open bite wbivgq Kiv mcurrencente|
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`šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv Class II Malocclusion DaggerK `yB fvDaggerM fvM KDaggeriDaggerQb|
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion
2 Class II division 2 malocclusion
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion t
hw` KvDaggeriv daggerclY `vuDaggerZi mcurrenuacuteKcopy (Molar relation) Class II _vDaggerK Ges DcDaggerii
DaggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZ cedilDaggerjv DPz _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv Class II Division 1 Gi Ašmdashfycopysup3|
Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK
(Convex profile) DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ daggerewk daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL
DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK daggerewk mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| `vuZ DuPz nevi KviDaggerY
daggerivMx ADaggerbK mgq `yB daggerVuvU eUuml KiDaggerZ cvDaggeribv|
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2 Class II division 2 Malocclusion
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc Molar Relation Class II _vKDaggere A_copyvr DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev
Molar `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev Molar `vuDaggerZi dagger_DaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ mvgDaggerb
Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv wKQyUv wfZDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb
KiDaggere| mvaviYZ DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj GKB iKg AemacrrsquovDaggerb _vKDaggere (Straight Profile)
DcDaggerii `vuZcedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK cyDaggerivUv daggerXDaggerK ivLDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`ix bv KDaggeri GKRb Orthodontist daggerK Rvbvb|
Orthodontist wewfbœ chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri wPwKrmv ctimeswZ wVK KiDaggereb|
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Avcbvi AvDaggerk cvDaggerki gvbylcedilDaggerjvDaggerK GKUz fvDaggerjvfvDaggere jpara KiDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggereb daggerewki
fvM gvbyDaggerliB DcDaggeri daggerPvqvj Ges DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji
`vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ mvgvbuml GKUz mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK| Ges GUvB nDaggerjv macr^vfvweK| wKšlsquo wKQy gvbyDaggerli
daggerparaDaggerIcirc Gi DDaggereumlvUv dagger`Lv dagger`q| A_copyvr ZvDagger`i bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK _vDaggerK DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj ev DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ| GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi
fvlvq eDaggerj Class III malocclusion|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
`yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| 1Uv nDaggerjv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY| GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii
cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi
MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb dagger`DaggerL GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wKfvDaggere wPwKrmv KiDaggerj
daggerivMx mDaggerecopyvEumlg djvdj cvq|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion nq ZDaggere Orthodontic
Treatment A_copyvr iumlaygvIcirc Brace cwoDaggerqB wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere evošmdash ev cwiYZ daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB| ZDaggere Lye daggerewk eqDaggerm wPwKrmv KivDaggerj wPwKrmvi mgq daggereDaggero hvDaggere|
hw` evošmdash eqDaggerm nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion dagger`Lv dagger`q ZDaggere
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvjDaggerK mvgDaggerb Avbvi Rbuml ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvjDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerbqvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK wewfbœ
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aiDaggerYi hšiquest dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri eumlenvDaggerii Rbuml| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Face Mask Chin Cap DDaggerjshyL
daggerhvMuml|
hw` cwiYZ eqDaggerm gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerqi Class III malocclusion hv nvDaggerii MVDaggerbi
KviDaggerY nDaggerqDaggerQ Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ ZDaggere kjuml wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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evBgumlvmiddot
evBgvmiddot `y aiDaggerbi nq| evBgumlvwmiddotjvix cOumlUzordfmb Ges evBgumlvwmiddot jvix cOumlwKnotDaggerbmb| wK KwVb
katilde| Avmyb Lye mnDaggerR daggerRDaggerb daggerbB `uvZ I gvwoi Avi GK mgmumlv hvi bvg evBgvmiddot|
evBgumlvmiddot mgmumlvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj wKsev `uvZ wKsev DfqB mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK DPzu _vDaggerK| dDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv daggerVvU DPzu nDaggerq _vKv GgbwK gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ
cviv mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
mvavibZ `uvZ hw` Zzjbvg~jK fvDaggere eo GgbwK daggerPvqvj jcurren^v wKsev daggerXvK wMjvi mgq
wRnev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK Amacr^vfvweK fvDaggere `uvZDaggerK mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK daggerVjv w`Daggerj GB aiDaggerbi mgmumlv nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| NveovDaggerbvi wKQzB daggerbB GB mgmumlvi mgvavb Lye myrsaquo`i KDaggeri GK AwfAacute ADagger_copyDaggerWbwUdivide
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib| gDaggerb ivLDaggerZ nDaggere cOumlv_wgK Aemacrrsquovq GB mgmumlvi mgvavb KiDaggerj ZZUv RwUjZv nq
bv| eDaggerqvmwUuml KvDaggerji c~Daggere eDaggerqvmmwUuml KvDaggerji mgq Ges cDaggeri wPwKrmv eumlemacrrsquov cbdquo_K cbdquo_K nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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myrsaquo`Daggerii c~Rvix mKDaggerjB ZvB GB mgmumlv mgvavb KDaggeri
Avcwb nDaggerq DVyb myrsaquo`i `uvZ I nvwmi AwaKvix
39
daggerMR `vuZ(High Canine) DPz KZcopyb `vuZ t
AvgvDagger`i gyDaggerL eqm 5 eQi chcopyšmdash daggerh 20 wU `vuZ _vDaggerK Zvi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ
_vDaggerK| eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ 20wU `ya `vuZ hLb cDaggero wMDaggerq macrrsquovqx `vuZ DDaggerV ZLbI daggergvU
32wU `vuDaggerZi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ _vDaggerK| G KZcopyb `uvZcedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi 4wU daggerKvbvq AewmacrrsquoZ| ZvB
GDagger`iDaggerK Corner Stone of mouth eDaggerj| bvg iumlbDaggerjB daggerevSv hvq G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Lv`uml`ordfeumlDaggerK
KZcopyb KiDaggerZ Ges wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri| G `vuZ cedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK kwsup3kvjx| KviY G `vuDaggerZi
GbvDaggergDaggerji cyisbquoZiexcl Daggerewk Ges mvgDaggerbi 4wU `vuDaggerZi (Pecopyb `vuZ-Incisor tooth) ciciB
AewmacrrsquoZ| daggerKvb daggerKvb mgq wewfbœ KviY ekZt G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Zvi wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK wfbœ
AemacrrsquovDaggerb dagger`Lv hvq| hw` G `vuZcedilDaggerjv gvwoi gDaggerauml ev DcDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri ZLb ZvDaggerK
High Canine ev daggerMR `vuZ ejv nq| Avevi KLDaggerbv GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv Zvjyi w`K w`Daggerq DDaggerV|
ZLb GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK Palataly placed canine eDaggerj| Avevi KLDaggerbv I gvwo ev Zvjyi wfZDaggeri
G `vuZ Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| ZLb ZvDaggerK Impacted Canine ejv nq| GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi gDaggerauml
AZxe Risbquoix PviwU `vuZ| GB `vuZ daggerhgb Lv`uml`ordfeuml KZcopyb I wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri cvkvcvwk
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daggerPvqvDaggerji bovPovDaggerK wbqšiquestY KDaggeri| GB `vuZDaggerK Beauty tooth I ejv nq| ZvB G `vuDaggerZi
mvwietimesfvDaggere webumlvm LyeB Risbquoix|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ daggerh KDaggerqKwU mgmumlv ZzDaggerj aiv nDaggerjv G mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi mgvavb LyeB Risbquoix|
hw` daggerKD GiKg daggerKvb mgmumlvq fyDaggerM _vDaggerKb ZDaggere AwfAacute Orthodontist -B nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
Avcbvi myrsaquo`i nvwm wdwiDaggerq dagger`qvi cig eUumlz|
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daggerVvuU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerki wkiumlDagger`i GKwU AbumlZg
mgmumlv| wewfbœ MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv wMDaggerqDaggerQ cOumlwZ 700 RDaggerb 1 Rb daggerVvuU KvUv Ges cOumlwZ 1000 RDaggerb
1 Rb wkiuml Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| daggerVvuU KvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggerQDaggerj wkiumlDagger`i Ges
ZvjyKvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggergDaggerq-wkiumlDagger`i gvDaggerS|
wewfbœ KviDaggerY wkiuml daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri _vDaggerK| kZKiv 25 fvM daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GUv eskMZ KviDaggerY nDaggerq _vDaggerK| hw` 1 Rb ZvjyKvUv daggerivMx 1 Rb mymacrrsquo gvbylDaggerK weDaggerq KDaggeri ZDaggere
ZvDagger`i ev‛Pvi ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kivi mcurrencentvebv kZKiv 2 fvM|
Mfcopyvemacrrsquovi cOuml_g fvDaggerM gv hw` daggerKvb fvBivj BbDaggerdKkDaggerb Avmicrovšmdash nq ev kvixwiKfvDaggere
AvNvZcOumlvszlig nq ev niDaggergvDaggerbi fvimvgumlnxbZvq fyDaggerM ev wfUvwgDaggerbi AfvDaggere fyDaggerM _vDaggerK ev
daggeriwWDaggerqkDaggerb GmiddotDaggercvR nq ev _umlvwjDaggerWvgvBW RvZxq Ilya MOumlnY KDaggeri ZDaggere wkiumli daggerVvuU ev
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| KvDaggerQi AvZyenxq macr^RDaggerbi gvDaggerS weDaggerq nDaggerjI wkiuml G mgmumlv
wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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DaggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq wkiuml RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerj cwieviDaggerK bvbv aiDaggerYi mvgvwRK I gvbwmK
mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ nq| wkiuml hLb GB mgmumlv wbDaggerq eo nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZLb daggermI gvbwmKfvDaggere
nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ _vDaggerK| G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ K_v
ejDaggerZ I iumlbDaggerZ mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| `vuDaggerZi mgmumlvi gDaggerauml hv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Zvi gDaggerauml AbumlZg
nDagger‛Q-wewfbœ `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKv `vuZ wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV gyDaggerLi Abuml daggerKvb RvqMvq
DVv evowZ wKQy `vuZ _vKv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb ksup3 bv nIqv `vuDaggerZi MVb myrsaquo`i bv nIqv
gvwoi wewfbœ mgmumlv `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPy-bxPz nIqv|
daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv daggerivMxDagger`i wPwKrmv weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmKDagger`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutev Qvov mcurrencente
bq| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Orthodontist Gi f~wgKv iumlisbquo nq ev‛Pvi RDaggerbyeni ci ciB| daggerhDaggernZz daggerVvuU I
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv nq daggermRbuml wkiumli RDaggerbyeni ci ciB
gyDaggerLi wfZi covi Rbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b daggerhb wkiumli daggerLDaggerZ
daggerKvb mgmumlv bv nq|
kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wkiumli 3-6 gvm eqDaggerm daggerVvuU I 1-2 eQi eqDaggerm Zvjy wVK KiDaggerZ
nDaggere GKRb AwfAacute kjuml wPwKrmK Oslashviv| kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg daggerVvuU I Zvjy wVK Kivi ci
wkiumli DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj hvDaggerZ msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GK aiDaggerYi
Appliance ev hšiquest bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b|
wkiumli Mixed dentition stage (6-12 eQi eqm) -G gyDaggerL daggerKvb AwZwisup3 `vuZ
_vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GQvov mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Cross bite _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuZ
AvuKv evKv _vKDaggerj ev Molar ev daggerclY `vDaggerZi Relation wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere Removable ev Fixed appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo
KiDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
me macrrsquovqx `vuZ PDaggerj Avmvi ci macrrsquovqxfvDaggere daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Kvgo (Occlusion
improve) wVK Kivi Rbuml Fixed ev Removable appliance w`Daggerq Orthodontist
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb Ges daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggereb|
GB mgDaggerq gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyDaggerK wVK Kivi Rbuml cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj Bony Graft Kiv daggerhDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| Gi dDaggerj Orthodontic treatment Gi daggerh djvdj ZvI Aparazbœ _vKDaggere|
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daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLvi ci Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere daggerivMxDaggerK
Permanent Retainer bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv daggerivMxDaggerK me mgq cDaggero _vKDaggerZ nDaggere|
Amacrlsaquovi weRqx DaggerRvqvDaggerKb wdwbmiddot RDaggerbyeni mgq daggerVvuU KvuUv wQj
daggerVvuU KuvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv daggerKvb Awfkvc bq| mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg
GDaggerK mvwiDaggerq daggerZvjv mcurrencente| `iKvi iumlay mevi mDaggerPZbZv Avi mwVK mgDaggerq weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri daggerm Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY Kiv|
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ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerKvb eqDaggerm iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ Zv AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKiB ARvbv|
ADaggerbK AwffveKB eySDaggerZ cvDaggerib bv wkiumli ADagger_copyvWbwUK mgmumlvi Rbuml daggerKvb eqDaggerm
Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| AAacutevbZvi Rbuml ev Abuml daggerKvb wOslashav-OslashDaggerrsaquo`i
KviDaggerY Zviv ADaggerbK mgqB ADaggerbK dagger`ix KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb wPwKrmvi
Rbuml| dDaggerj wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc wPwKrmvi eumlvwszligKvj daggereDaggero hvq| wKQyDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK
chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc
wPwKrmvi djvdj Avkvbyiƒc nq bv| KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv KZUv
Risbquoix| GLb Avwg ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi eqm mxgv wbDaggerq AvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri AvcbvDagger`i
wKQyUv nDaggerjI aviYv dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev Kie|
AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerk ADaggerbK wkiumlB daggerVvuU ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| Kzmsmacrlsaquoviv‛Qbœ
gvbyliv GDaggerK Awfkvc ev fvDaggerMumli wjLb gDaggerb KDaggeri nvZ cv cedilwUDaggerq eDaggerm _vDaggerK daggerKvb wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri bv| wKšlsquo gDaggerb ivLDaggereb daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumli
AwffveKDagger`i DwPZ RDaggerbyeni ci ciB GKRb AwfAacute Orhodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY Kiv|
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KviY G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i RDaggerbyeni ciB cOumlavb I cOuml_g daggerh mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q Zv nDaggerjv Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mgmumlv| Orthodontist Gmgq GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv wkiumlDaggerK Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml LyeB parawZKi GKwU Afumlvm|
mvaviYZ `yB dagger_DaggerK wZb eQi eqDaggermi gDaggerauml Avcbv Avcwb wkiuml G AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KDaggeri daggerdDaggerj|
wKšlsquo ZviciI hw` wkiuml AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere AwffveKDagger`i Gi parawZKi w`KwU
mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere Ges microgvMZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv PjDaggerZ _vKDaggerj wkiumlDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj G AfumlvmwU
`~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance) bullZwi KDaggeri w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib
hvDaggerZ KDaggeri fwelumlDaggerZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi KviDaggerY wkiumli `vuDaggerZi webumlvm AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv hvq|
mvaviYZ 5-6 eQi eqm dagger_DaggerK wkiumlDagger`i `ya `vuZ coDaggerZ iumlisbquo KDaggeri| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK mgq
dagger`Lv hvq AvNvZ RwbZ paraq RwbZ ev Abuml daggerKvb daggerivDaggerMi KviDaggerY wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya
`vuZ cDaggero hvq ev daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| `vuZ covi ci daggerh dvuKv RvqMvwU _vDaggerK daggerm RvqMvwU ZLb
`yB cvDaggerki `vuZ w`Daggerq eUuml nDaggerq hvq| dDaggerj rsquovqx `vuZ DVvi Rbuml chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv daggercDaggerq
Amacr^vfvweK daggerKvb RvqMvq `vuZ DDaggerV Ges `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi mcurrencentvebv daggereDaggero hvq| GB dvuKv
macrrsquovbwU hvDaggerZ cvDaggerki `vuZ Oslashviv eUuml bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl hšiquest bullZwi
KDaggeri w`Daggereb hvDaggerK Space maintainer eDaggerj| KvDaggerRB daggerKvb `ya`vuZ hw` Zvi wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi
AvDaggerM cDaggero hvq ZDaggere dagger`ix bv KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi mvDagger_ dagger`Lv Kisbquob|
ADaggerbK ev‛PvDagger`i dagger`Lv hvq DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj daggerewk evoDaggerQ ev hZUzKz evovi K_v
ZZUzKz evoDaggerQ bv| Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc evošmdash eqDaggerm (6-12) Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cOumlDaggerqvRb AbymvDaggeri Face
mask ev Chin cap eumlenvi KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb hv ev‛Pvi DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimesDaggerK
mwVK AmacrrsquovDaggerb wbDaggerZ mnvqZv KiDaggere|
DaggerVuvU I ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i daggerVvuU I Zvjy kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wVK
Kivi ci mwVK mgq Orthodontist Gmiddotcvbmb macrŒz (Expansion screw) ZvjyDaggerZ jvwMDaggerq
dagger`b hvDaggerZ DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq| G wkiumlDagger`i 8-10 eQi eqDaggerm bone
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grafting Kivi Rbuml kjuml wPwKrmKDaggerK cOumlDaggerqvRbxq civgkcopy I mnvqZv w`Daggerq _vDaggerKb
Orthodontist|
6-12 eQi eqDaggerm hLb wkiumli gyDaggerL `ya I macrrsquovqx Dfq cOumlKvi `vuZ we`umlgvb ZLb hw`
`vuDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo (Cross bite) daggerewk Kvgo (Deep bite) dagger`Lv hvq ZDaggere
Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRbxq eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggereb hvDaggerZ fwelumlDaggerZ KvgocedilDaggerjv AvDaggeriv Lvivc -Gi w`DaggerK
bv hvq|
`ya `vuZ me cDaggero hvevi ci I macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVvi ci AvuKv evuKv DuPz -bxPz `vuZ wVK
Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS Removable Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ
ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere) ev Fixed Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere bv) w`Daggerq
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb|
ADaggerbDaggerKiB gDaggerbB cOumlkœ _vDaggerK daggerh daggerewk eqDaggerm Orthodontic wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere wKbv|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuZ nvo I GDagger`i mvDagger_ mcurrenuacuteKcopyhysup3 structure cedilDaggerjv fvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZDaggere daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv Kiv mcurrencente|
cOumlvszlig eqDaggerm hw` DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj hw` Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes daggercDaggerq _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv
wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj kjuml wPwKrmvi Oslashvimacrrsquo nDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi mdjZv wbfcopyi KDaggeri wPwKrmDaggerKi AwfAacuteZv daggerivMx I Zvi
AwffveDaggerKi mnDaggerhvwMZv I mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi Dci|
gDaggerb ivLDaggereb mgDaggerqi GK daggerdvuo AmgDaggerqi `k daggerdvuo| mwVK mgDaggerq mwVK KvRwU KiDaggerj
Avcwb daggerh djvdj cvDaggereb dagger`ix KDaggeri KvRwU KiDaggerj daggermB djvdj Avcwb bvI daggercDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
Avcbvi daggerKvb wbKURDaggerbi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj mwVK mgDaggerq Orthodontist
Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggerZ fyjDaggereb bv daggerhb|
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Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Dci Bracket
ev Brace covDaggerbv _vDaggerK| Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq
Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv wbDagger`kcopyvejx wVKgZ daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj wPwKrmv cieZcopyx RwUjZv dagger`Lv
dagger`evi mcurrencentvebv LyeB Kg|
Fixed Orthodontic treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq gyL I `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZ weDaggerkl hZœ wbDaggerZ
nDaggere| daggerhme welDaggerqi Dci daggerewk daggerewk bRi ivLDaggerZ nDaggere Zv bxDaggerP dagger`qv nDaggerjvt
1 daggerhw`b daggerivMxi gyDaggerL Bracket emvDaggerbv nDaggere Zvici dagger_DaggerK 24 NrsaquoUv chcopyšmdash ksup3 Lvevi
LvIqv DwPZ bq| GDaggerZ Bracket LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| H 24 NrsaquoUv Lye daggerRvDaggeri daggerRvDaggeri `vuZ
eordfvk Kiv I DwPZ bq| daggerivMx Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv civgkcopy Abyhvqx `vuZ eordfvk
KiDaggere I macr^vfvweK Lvevi LvDaggere|
2 Bracket covDaggerbvi 2-3 w`b chcopyšmdash daggerivMxi GKUz Amacr^wmacrmdash nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GDaggerZ fDaggerqi wKQy
daggerbB| gyDaggerL bZzb wKQy wRwbm emvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2-3 w`b ci Zv AfumlvDaggerm cwiYZ nDaggerq
hvDaggere|
3 cOumlwZevi Lvevi LvIqvi ci AekumlB `vuZ fvDaggerjvfvDaggere eordfvk KiDaggerZ nDaggere| mKvDaggerj I ivDaggerZ
daggerdnotvivBW hysup3 Uz_Daggercdivide w`Daggerq `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggere| Abumlvbuml mgq Uz_ daggercoacute Qvov eordfvk KiDaggerjI
PjDaggere|
4 cOumlwZ wZb (3) gvm ci ci Uz_eordfvk e`j KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Uz_eordfvDaggerki weordfmampjcedilDaggerjv daggerhb big
(Medium soft) nq Zv daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
5 Bracket ev appliance -Gi Dci bxDaggerP 45 daggerKvDaggerY eordfvk aDaggeri `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
6 Lye daggerRvDaggeri Pvc w`Daggerq eordfvk Kiv hvDaggere bv| GDaggerZ KDaggeri Appliance LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
7 `vuDaggerZi daggerh cvDaggerk Appliance AvDaggerQ daggermB cvDaggerk Appliance -Gi Dci AvjDaggerZvfvDaggere
NywiDaggerq NywiDaggerq eordfvk KDaggeri `vuZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| `vuDaggerZi Abumlvbuml cvkcedilDaggerjvI daggerhb
fvDaggerjvfvDaggere cwireglsaquovi Kiv nq daggermw`DaggerK daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
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8 cOumlwZevi Lvevi Gi ci eordfvk Kiv mcurrencente bv nDaggerj LyefvDaggerjv KDaggeri KzjKzwP KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
9 `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerSi gqjv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Dental Floss eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
DaggerKvb KvwV ev myuB w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerLvPvDaggerbv hvDaggere bv|
10 wRnŸv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Tongue Cleanser eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
11 cOumlDaggerqvRDaggerb fvDaggerjv Mouth Wash eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere ZDaggerewPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy
Abyhvqx|
12 `vuDaggerZi gvwo Avfrac12yj w`Daggerq Massage Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
13 daggerKvb appliance daggerfDaggerfrac12 daggerMDaggerj ev LyDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ev Appliance Gi KviDaggerY gyDaggerL daggerKvb
mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj dagger`ix bv KDaggeri mDaggerfrac12 mDaggerfrac12 Orthondontist-Gi civgkcopy wbDaggerZ nDaggere|
14 wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq ksup3 Lvevi (nvo AvL) LvIqv cwinvi KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
15 AvVvDaggerjv RvZxq Lvevi (PzBs Mvg) LvIqv ev` w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
16 daggercqviv AvDaggercj ev daggerh daggerKvb ksup3 Lvevi Kvgo w`Daggerq bv daggerLDaggerq daggerQvU daggerQvU UzKiv KDaggeri
daggerLDaggerZ nDaggere|
17 Orthodontist DaggerhfvDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK AvmDaggerZ ejDaggereb (1gvm ci ci) AekumlB Zv cvjb
KiDaggerZ nDaggere| bv nDaggerj daggerivMxi wPwKrmv daggerkl nDaggerZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi daggerewk jvMDaggere|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbPz `vuZ wVK Kivi Rbuml daggerhgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Oslashviv mwVK wPwKrmv daggerZgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerivMx Ges daggerivMxi AwffveDaggerKi
mnDaggerhvwMZv Ges Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy Abyhvqx Pjv| ZDaggereB DaggerivMx wPwKrmv DaggerkDaggerl cvDaggere
KvwldquoparaZ myrsaquo`i `vuZ|
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mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
50
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ dnotwms
51
daggerQvAElig GKwU evMvDaggerb hw` ADaggerbKcedilDaggerjv MvQ daggereDaggero DVDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZDaggere ADaggerbK MvDaggerQi macr^vfvweK ebdquowtimes
weboacute nq Ges evMvbwU wKQyw`b ci Nb Rfrac12Daggerj cwiYZ nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK| ZLb hw` daggermLvb
dagger_DaggerK wKQy MvQ daggerKDaggerU daggerdjv nq ZDaggere evMvbwUi evKxMvQcedilDaggerjv iparav daggercDaggerq macr^vfvweKfvDaggere daggereDaggero
DVDaggere|
daggerZgwb gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerh cwigvY RvqMv AvDaggerQ Zvi daggerPDaggerq hw` `vuDaggerZi msLumlv daggerewk wKsev
`vuZ Lye daggerekx AvuKv evKv DuPz `uvZ _vKDaggerj ZDaggere Zv wVK KDaggeri `vuZDaggerK mywebumlvmacrmdash myrsaquo`i KDaggeri
daggerZvjvi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgq daggerivMxi wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB daggerivMx ev
Zvi AwffveK `vuZ daggerZvjvi K_v iumlbDaggerj fq cvq| Zviv fvDaggere `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ ADaggerbK euml_v
jvMDaggere ev daggerPvDaggerLi daggereordfBDaggerbi hw` daggerKvb parawZ nq| Zviv Orthodontist daggerK `vuZ bv ZzDaggerj
wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml AbyDaggeriva KDaggeri _vDaggerK| wKšlsquo ZvDagger`i G mKj aviYv mcurrenuacute~Ycopy Ag~jK| `vuZ
ZzjDaggerj daggerPvDaggerLi ev daggereordfBDaggerbi daggerKvb parawZ nqbv| GKRb AwfAacute wPwKrmK ZvB KiDaggereb hv KiDaggerj
daggerivMxi wPwKrmv fvDaggerjvfvDaggere mcurrenuacutebœ nDaggere Ges daggerivMx I Zvi AwffveK mšlsquowoacute jvf KiDaggere| Avi
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM wbw copyoacute rsquovb fvDaggerjvfvDaggere Aek KDaggeri wbDaggerj Ges wPwKrmDaggerKi dagger`qv DcDagger`k `vuZ
daggerZvjvi w`b I cieZcopyx KDaggerqKw`b mwVKfvDaggere daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj `vuZ daggerZvjvi ci daggerivMxi daggerZgb daggerKvb
Amyweav nq bv ejDaggerjB PDaggerj|
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`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM
`vuZ daggerZvjvi cDaggeri
53
ADaggerbDaggerKB AvDaggerQb hviv ivDaggerZ NygvDaggerbvi AvDaggerM Ges mKvDaggerj bvmacrmdashv Lvevi ci `vuZ eordfvk
KDaggerib `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Kvj wejcurren^ bv KDaggeri `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggerib
`vuDaggerZi mymacrrsquoZvi Rbuml hv hv `iKvi Zviv Zv-B KDaggerib| GmeB nDaggerjv fvDaggerjv Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi
Rbuml LyeB DcKvix|
wKšlsquo Ggb wKQy Afumlvm AvDaggerQ hv gyL I `vuDaggerZi macr^vDaggermacrrsquoumli Rbuml LyeB parawZKi| Gme
e`AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi bvbv aiDaggerYi mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q| GB AfumlvmcedilDaggerjvi gDaggerauml Avfrac12yj
daggerPvlv wRnŸampv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv ev daggerVjv dagger`Iqv daggerKvb mgmumlv bv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI gyL w`Daggerq wbkbrvbarvm
daggerbqv daggerVvuU I bL KvgovDaggerbv AbumlZg|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK| evev gv hw` GUv daggerLqvj KDaggerib ZDaggere wkiumlDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere daggerh Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv Lvivc| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz nDaggerq hvq ADaggerbK mgq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bvI coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Open bite) bxDaggerPi
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daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZcedilDaggerjv msKzwPZ nDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK hZUzKz daggerXDaggerK ivLv
DwPZ Zv KDaggerg daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerbvi ci I hw` Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm bv KDaggerg ZDaggere wkiumli 2-3 eQi eqm
chcopyšmdash ADaggercparav KiDaggerZ nDaggere| ADaggerbK mgq 3 eQi eqDaggermi ci wkiumli GB Afumlvm PDaggerj hvq|
ZviciI hw` wkiuml G Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere GKRb AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12
civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| wPwKrmK `iKvi gDaggerb nDaggerj daggerKvb Appliance ev hšiquest w`Daggereb hv
wkiumlDaggerK GB Afumlvm `~i KiDaggerZ mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wkiumli hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK ZDaggere DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DPuy nDaggerq hvq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bv coDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerivMx gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri
wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq Avcbvi daggermvbvgwbi hw` Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml
parawZKi ZDaggere cOuml_DaggergB ZvDaggerK eySvb| ZvDaggerZ KvR bv nDaggerj Aemacrrsquov hvDaggerZ AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv
hvq daggermRbuml AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy Kisbquob|
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OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
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CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
57
KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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58
DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
59
GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
60
ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
61
daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
6
cig KisbquoYvgq Avjshyvni bvDaggerg Avicurrencent KiwQ-
KhellipZAacuteZv cOumlKvk
KhellipZAacuteZv RvbvDaggerZ PvB Avgvi kordfDaggertimesq wkparaKDagger`i hviv AvgvDaggerK GB Ae rsquovDaggerb Avmvi
Rbuml memgq mvnvhuml mnDaggerhvwMZv I AbyDaggercOumliYv hywMDaggerqDaggerQb-
1| Prof Iida Junichiro Chairman Orthodontics Department
Hokkaido University Japan
2| Asst Professor Kajii S Takashi Orthodontics
Department Hokkaido University Japan
3| Prof Amirul Islam Principal Bangladesh Dental College
4| Asso Prof Lamiya Chowdhury Ex Head Orthodontics
Department Sapporo Dental College
AvDaggeriv KhellipZAacuteZv cOumlKvk KiDaggerZ PvB Avgvi kordfDaggertimesq wkparaK Prof
Emadul Haq (EX Principal Dhaka Dental College City
Dental College) mumlviDaggerK hvi Orthodontics eB cDaggero Avwg daggermB QvIcirc
eqm dagger_DaggerK eB daggerjLvi cOumlwZ AbycOumlvwbZ nDaggerqwQjvg|
mecopyDaggerkDaggerl ADaggerkl abumlev` RvbvDaggerZ PvB ZvDaggerK Ges ZvDagger`iDaggerK daggerh Ges hviv
GB eB daggerjLvi mvDagger_ IZDaggercOumlvZ fvDaggere RwoZ|
7
ADagger_copyvWwrsaquoUK wKnotwbK Rvcvb t
AvuKv evuKv `vuDaggerZi wbLyuZ wPwKrmviZ Wvt mvMi
Wvt mvMi
RvcvDaggerb ADagger_copyvWwrsaquoUK BgcshyumlvrsaquoU emvDaggerbvi mgq AcvDaggerikb w_DaggerqUvDaggeri
8
myPxcIcirc
myPxcIcirc
1 f~wgKv
2 myrsaquo`i nvwm AvgvDagger`i mevi Kvguml
3 ADagger_copyvWbwUKm AZxe Risbquoix I cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy
4 `uvDaggerZi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb
5 ADagger_copyvWbwUK wKQy mgmumlv `vuZ I gyDaggerLi wKQy mgmumlv
6 `vuZ AvuKv evuuKv nevi KviY mg~n
7 dvuKv `vuZ Spacing
8 microvDwWs Crowding
9 IDaggercb evBU Open bite
10 Knotvk 2 gumlvjKzDaggerjkb Class II maloclusion
11 Knotvk w_ordf gumlvjKzDaggerjkb Class III maloclusion
12 evBgumlvmiddot
13 daggerMuR `vuZ
14 daggerKnotdUamp wjc GUcirc cumlvDaggerjU Cleft lip amp palate
15 ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi eqm
16 ADagger_vcopyWbwUK wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgq daggerivMxi KiYxq
17 ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerparaDaggerIcirc `vuZ daggerZvjvi cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZv
18 wKQy Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml parawZKi
19 ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZv
20 daggereordfm - Avcbvi Rbuml wK Risbquoix
9
f~wgKv
gvbyl daggerKŠZznj wcOumlq| ARvbv daggerKvb welq wbDaggerq Rvbvi AvMOumln
gvbyDaggerli cOumlej| hyDaggerMi mvDagger_ Zvj wgwjDaggerq Zviv daggerek mDaggerPZbI| wPwKrmv
weAacutevDaggerbi wewfbœ w`K mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy RvbDaggerZ Zviv LyeB AvMOumlnx| mvaviY
gvbyDaggerli Gme AvMOumlDaggerni K_v gv_vq daggeriDaggerLB G eBwU daggerjLvi eumlvcvDaggeri
Avwg AbycOumlvwYZ nDaggerqwQ| G eBwU coDaggerj daggerh daggerKvb gvbyl `šmdash weAacutevDaggerbi
GKwU AbumlZg cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy kvLv ADagger_copyvWbwUKm mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy wKQyUv nDaggerjI
aviYv jvf KiDaggere| Avkv Kwi eBwU wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi QvIcirc-QvIcircxDagger`iI
KvDaggerR AvmDaggere|
eBwU mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy daggerh daggerKvb g~jumlevb gZvgZ mywPwšmdashZ civgkcopy mv`Daggeri
MOumlnY Kiv nDaggere|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejDaggerZ PvB mvgvbuml GB cwimDaggeri ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi gZ
wekvj GKwU welqDaggerK mcurrenuacute~YcopyiƒDaggerc ZzDaggerj aiv mcurrencente bq| Avgvi GB paraz ordf
cOumlqvm AvcbvDagger`i mvgvbumlZg DcKvDaggeri GDaggerjI Avgvi cwikordfg mv_copyK
nDaggerqDaggerQ eDaggerj gDaggerb KiDaggerev| mevBDaggerK abumlev`|
10
gvbyl daggermŠrsaquo`Daggerhcopy c~Rvix daggermRbumlB myrsaquo`i gyDaggerLi Rq mecopyIcirc|
gvbyDaggerli daggermŠrsaquo`Daggerhcopyi AbumlZg AjsKvi nDaggerjv myrsaquo`i nvwm| ZvB
GB myrsaquo`i nvwm Kvi bv Kvguml| Avi GB myrsaquo`i nvwmi Rbuml
PvB mymacrrsquo-myrsaquo`i `vuZ| `vuZDaggerK mymacrrsquo ivLvi Rbuml PvB mwVK
cwiPhcopyv| Avi myrsaquo`i nvwm ADaggerbKvsDaggerk wbfcopyi KDaggeri `vuDaggerZi
mwVK webumlvDaggermi Dci| wewfbœ gvbyDaggerli AvuKv evuKv DPz-bxPz
dvuKv `vuZ Avgiv ADaggerbK mgqB daggerLqvj KDaggeri _vwK| `vuDaggerZi Gme
mgmumlv myrsaquo`i nvwmi daggerparaDaggerIcirc cOumlavb Ašmdashivq| G QvovI dagger`Lv dagger`q `vuZ I gvwoi wewfbœ daggerivM
DaggerivMxi K_v ejDaggerZ ev Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri ADaggerbDaggerKB DuPz `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY `yB daggerVvuU eUuml
KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri bv dDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ LyeB Amyrsaquo`i jvDaggerM| daggerivMx cvwievwiK mvgvwRK I gvbwmKfvDaggere
wewfbœ mgmumlvq fyMDaggerZ _vDaggerK| ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcirc daggergDaggerqDagger`i weDaggerqi daggerparaDaggerIcircI evav nDaggerq `vuovq G aiDaggerYi
Amyrsaquo`i `vuZ| wKšlsquo `vuDaggerZi Gme mgmumlv daggerKb nq Gi daggerKvb
mwVK wPwKrmv AvDaggerQ wKbv Zv AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKiB
ARvbv|
`šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi DEumlDaggerivEumli AMOumlMwZi
dDaggerj `vuDaggerZi G aiDaggerYi mgmumlv `~i Kiv Avi daggerKvb eumlvcviB
bv| whwb AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbuPz dvuKv `vuDaggerZi mgmumlv
wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wVK KDaggerib ZvDaggerK ejv nq Orthodontist AvcbvDagger`i myweavDagger_copy Avwg `vuDaggerZi
G aiDaggerYi wKQy mgmumlv KviY cOumlwZKvi I wPwKrmv ctimeswZ wbDaggerq mswparaszligfvDaggere AvDaggerjvPbv Kie hv
cDaggero Avcwb Lye mnDaggerRB eySDaggerZ cviDaggereb Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ daggerKvb mgmumlv AvDaggerQ wKbv hvi Rbuml
Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY Kiv DwPZ| KvDaggerRB ejv hvq Avcwb ev Avcbvi daggerKvb
cwiwPZRb Amyrsaquo`i `vuZ wbDaggerq daggerKvb mgmumlvq fyMDaggerj Orthodontist Gi mvDagger_ daggerhvMvDaggerhvM KDaggeri
Zvi civgcopyk Abyhvqx wPwKrmv wbDaggerq nDaggerZ cvDaggerib gysup3 Siv nvwmi AwaKvix| Avi daggermB nvwmi
wSwjDaggerK Avcbvi Pvicvk nDaggerq DVDaggere AvDaggerjvwKZ|
11
cOumlwZw`b Avwereglsaquovi nDagger‛Q bZzb bZzb wPwKrmv eumlemacrrsquov Ges
ZviB mvDagger_ dagger`Lv w`Dagger‛Q bZzb bZzb daggerivM I mgmumlv| wPwKrmv
weAacutevDaggerbi cwiwa Acwimxg| `šmdash weAacutevDaggerbi wewfbœ welDaggerqi
gDaggerauml ADagger_copyvWbwUKm GKwU AZxe Risbquoix Ges MisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy
welq| `šmdash weAacutevDaggerbi wewfbœ kvLv daggerhgb `vuZ gvwo Ges
gyLMnŸDaggerii kjuml wPwKrmv KhellipwIcircg `vuZ jvMvDaggerbv isbquoU Kumlvbvj wPwKrmv
BZumlvw` welq mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy gvbyDaggerli KgDaggerewk aviYv AvDaggerQ| wKšlsquo ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm katildewU DtradecentvweZ nDaggerqDaggerQ `yOtildewU wMOumlK katilde dagger_DaggerK|
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm = ADagger_copyvm + daggerWvbm = mwVK + `uvZ
ZvnDaggerj ADagger_copyvWbwUKm katildewUi cOumlKhellipZ evsjv cOumlwZkatilde nDagger‛Q Ocirc`vuZ wVK KivOtilde
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm `šmdash weAacutevDaggerbi Ggb GKwU kvLv hv MDaggerelY KDaggeri mvaviY bull`wnK MVb g~jZ
g~DaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerji Ges `vuDaggerZi MVb wbDaggerq Ges GwU AvDaggeriv MDaggerelYv KDaggeri gyDaggerLi mvaviY MVb Kx Kx
KviDaggerY eumlvnZ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges Gi cOumlwZDaggeriva Ges wPwKrmvi Dcvq wbDaggerq hv wbw`copyoacute Rxewe`umlvi
gDaggerauml mxwgZ|
wewfbœ MDaggerelK OcircADagger_copyvWbwUKmDaggerK AvLumlvwqZ KDaggeriDaggerQb wewfbœ fvDaggere| Ocirc`umlv weordfwUk daggermvmvBwU
di w` dividevwW Ae ADagger_copyvWbwUKmOtilde AvLumlvwqZ KDaggeriDaggerQb wbDaggeraeligvsup3fvDaggere
OcircADagger_copyvWbwUKmOtilde -G gyL I daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimes I mcurrencOumlmviY mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy weDaggerePbv I weDaggerkshylY Kiv
nq hv Oslashviv DcDaggerii I wbDaggerPi `vuDaggerZi RvqMv ev Aemacrrsquovb msDaggerkvwaZ nq|
Avgiv ADagger_copyvWbwUKm mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy RvbDaggerj mnDaggerRB eySDaggerZ cvie daggerKvb `vuZ Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere
DaggereDaggero DVDaggerQ DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj wbDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvDagger_ mvgAumlmuml c~Ycopy nDaggerq ebdquowtimes cvDagger‛Q wK bvwK
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz-wbPz dvuKv GDaggerjvDaggergjv iumlayB wK `vuZ bvwK daggerPvqvjUvI DuPz-wbPz wKsev evuKv
`vuZ Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerQ wK bv GZ me cOumlDaggerkœi DEumli Avgiv mnDaggerRB RvbDaggerZ cvwi
12
OcircADagger_copyvWbwUKmOtilde welqUv daggerRDaggerb| iumlay Rvbv daggerKb GB me mgmumlvi mvgvavb w`DaggerZ cvwi
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg| GKUv welq RvbDaggerZ PvBDaggerj ADaggerbK wKQyB Rvbv `iKvi|
ZviciI GB wPwKrmvi cOumlavb wKQy jparauml I DDaggerIumlkuml wbaeligiƒDaggerc ZzDaggerj aiv nDaggerjv-
gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopy ebdquowtimesi Rbuml
ADagger_vcopyWbwUK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopy ebdquowtimes mcurrencente| `vuZDaggerK Zvi macr^vfvweK AemacrrsquovDaggerb
wbDaggerq GDaggerm `vuDaggerZi Ges gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopy ebdquowtimes mcurrencente| GUv AZxe Risbquoix wbaeligiƒc KviDaggerY
gvbyl Amyrsaquo`i `vuZ wbDaggerq daggerh gvbwmK mgmumlvq _vDaggerK Zv Avi nq bv|
cieZcopyx RxeDaggerb mvgvwRK jfrac34vDaggerevDaggerai nvZ dagger_DaggerK wbregKhellipwZ cvIqv hvq|
macr^vfvweKfvDaggere Dci Ges wbDaggerPi daggerVvuDaggerUi Aemacrrsquovb wVK KiDaggerj GwU gvwoDaggerK myiparav KDaggeri Ges
bvK w`Daggerq kbrvbarvm cOumlkbrvbarvm wbDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri|
13
`vuDaggerZi MVDaggerbi Ges KvDaggerRi DbœwZi Rbuml
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg `vuDaggerZi KgcopyparagZv ebdquowtimes cvq| KviY GB wPwKrmvi
gvaumlDaggerg macr^vfvweK Kvgo (Balanced Occlusion with normal over jet amp overbite)
cOumlmacrlsquoZ Kiv nq|
AvuKv evuKv `vuZ wVK Kiv Ges `vuDaggerZi MVDaggerbi macrrsquovwqZiexcl evovDaggerbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg gvbyDaggerli AwZwisup3 `vuZ ev GKB RvqMvq daggerewk `vuZ ev
daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Zvi dDaggerj `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb IjUcvjU G meB wVK Kiv mcurrencente| `vuDaggerZi GB myrsaquo`i
Aemacrrsquovb wVK KiDaggerj cieZcopyxKvDaggerj `vuDaggerZ KumlvwiDaggerRi (daggercvKv LvIqv) gvwoi cOuml`vn BZumlvw` mgmumlv
nq bv|
Abuml `šmdash wPwKrmvi mvnvhumlKvix wnDaggermDaggere
KhellipwIcircg `vuZ emvDaggerbvi Rbuml mwVKfvDaggere RvqMv bullZwi KiDaggerZ|
paray`ordf cwimDaggeri Aiacute wKQy msLumlK DcKvixZv DaggerRDaggerb wbDaggerjb daggerZv
14
Avcbvi myrsaquo`i mvRvDaggerbv Ni hvi me wKQzB cwicvwU| wbfcopyvebvq Avcbvi emevm| hw`
Gi me wKQzB ADaggerMvQvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZvnDaggerj wK fDaggerjv jvMDaggere jvMDaggere bv| wVK daggerZgwbB AvgvDagger`i
DcDaggerii Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUDaggerZ daggergvU 32 wU macrrsquovqx `uvZ _vDaggerK GB 32 wU macrrsquovqx `uvZ Gi macr^vfvweK
Aemacrrsquovb G _vKDaggerj Avcbvi `uvZ dagger`LvDaggere myrsaquo`i mvRvDaggerbv NDaggerii gDaggerZv| hLb `uvZ Zvi mwVK
AemacrrsquovDaggerb _vDaggerK bv ZLb GUv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri GeDaggerov dagger_eDaggerov GDaggerjvDaggergDaggerjv DPz-bxPz AemacrrsquovDaggerb| ZLb
Avcbvi `uvZ Avi mvRvDaggerbv myrsaquo`i AemacrrsquovDaggerb daggerbB daggerbB eDaggerjB dagger`LDaggerZ GiKg| hw` KvDaggeriv `uvZ
Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb daggerbB hv dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMDaggerQ ZvnDaggerj GKRb AfxAacute ADagger_vcopyWbwUdivide nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri Avcbvi cig eUumlz| Dwb cDaggerib mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg Avcbvi `uvZDaggerK myrsaquo`i KiDaggerZ|
ZvnDaggerj AvgvDagger`i mKDaggerji Rvbvi cOumlDaggerqvRb AvmDaggerj `uvDaggerZi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb daggerKvbwU Ges
daggerKv_vq| hvi dDaggerj Avgiv wbDaggerRivB eyDaggerS wbDaggerZ cviDaggerev AvgvDagger`i `uvZ Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerQ
wK bvB|
15
`uvDaggerZi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb wbfcopyi KDaggeri `vuDaggerZi AKnotzmb ev DcDaggerii cvwUi `uvZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi
`uvDaggerZi Kvgo Gi Dci| cOumlKhellipZ ADagger_copy `uvDaggerZi AKnotzmb gvDaggerb nDagger‛Q DcDaggerii cvwUi `uvDaggerZi mvDagger_
bxDaggerPi cvwUi `uvDaggerZi mcurrenuacuteKcopy hLb cvwUOslashq Kvgo dagger`qv ZvDagger`i c~bvcopysM msDaggerhvDaggerM (Cuspal
Occlusion) G iDaggerqDaggerQ|
hLb uvZ Ges `uvDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ Kvgo Zvi meDaggerPDaggerq mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb iDaggerqDaggerQ GgbwK mcurrenuacute~bcopy
KgcopyKZvcopy cwicyYcopy KDaggeri Ges `bdquowoacutebrsaquo`b ZvDaggerK `uvDaggerZi macr^vfvweK Kvgo ev bigvj AKnotzmb eDaggerj|
Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc 1-2wU `uvDaggerZ Aiacute Amacr^vfvweKZv _vKDaggerj I _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
`uvDaggerZi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb`uvDaggerZi macr^vfvweK Kvgo Gi kZcopycedilDaggerjv wbgœiƒc-
1| bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZ cedilDaggerjv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZ MyDaggerjvi Zzjbvq msLumlvMZ w`K w`Daggerq
GKUz mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere| Zvi Kvib nDaggerjv bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZcedilDaggerjv DcDaggerii
daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `uvDaggerZi daggerPDaggerq AvuKvDaggeri daggerQvU|
2| DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZ cedilDaggerjv GKwU wbw`copyoacute `yiZiexcl I KvgDaggeroi gvaumlDaggerg mvgDaggerb Ges wcQDaggerb
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK daggerXDaggerK ivLDaggere|
3| DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclb `uvZ (1st) Gi mvgDaggerb Ges evwnDaggerii w`DaggerK DPuy Ask wU
(Mesio Buccal Cusp) wbDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclb `uvDaggerZi mvgDaggerb Ges evwnDaggerii
gvSvgvwS daggerh uvDaggerZ bumlvq RvqMvq (Buccal Groove) Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
4| DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerQ`b `uvZ wbDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerQ`b Ges AMOumlDaggerclb (1st Premolar)
Gi gaumleZxcopy dvuKv macrrsquovDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
5| wbDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji KZcopyb `uvDaggerZi wKbviv (Incisal Edge) DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji KZcopyb `uvDaggerZi
cbdquoocircDagger`k (Zvjyi w`DaggerK) Gi gaumleZxcopy macrrsquovDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere| hv nDaggerZ nDaggere mwVK `yiZiexcl Ges
mwVK Kvgo mcurrenuacutebœ|
ZvnDaggerj dagger`ix daggerKb Gparazbx 1 wgwbU Avqbvi mvgDaggerb `vwoDaggerq dagger`DaggerL daggerbB AvgvDagger`i `uvZ Ges
`uvDaggerZi Kvgo Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb iDaggerqDaggerQ wK bv
-0-
16
GKwesk kZvatildexDaggerZ wPwKrmv weAacutevb DbœwZi Pig wkLDaggeri Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerQ| GB DbœwZi
daggerRvqvDaggerii mvDagger_ Zvj wgwjDaggerq `šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi AbumlZg cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy kvLv ADagger_vcopyWbwmqv I
GLb AvDaggeriv DbœZ| bvbvwea RwUj mgmumlvi mgvavb nDagger‛Q ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg|
Avmyb Avgiv cwiwPZ nB KZcedilDaggerjv cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy mgmumlvi mDaggerfrac12 hvi mgvavb Lye mnDaggerRB wPwKrmvi
gvaumlDaggerg Kiv hvq|
1 microvDwWs Crowding
GB aiDaggerYi mgmumlvq dagger`Lv hvq daggerPvqvDaggerj `vuZcedilDaggerjv AvuKv evuKv nDaggerq Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerQ ev
daggerPvqvDaggerj chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKvi KviDaggerY GK `vuZ Abuml `vuDaggerZi Dci DDaggerV daggerMDaggerQ|
microvDwWs Crowding
2 daggermacruacutewms (Spacing)
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS
dvuKv RvqMv _vKv|
17
3 wWmDaggercshymDaggergrsaquoU (Displacement)
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq GKwU `vuDaggerZi daggerh RvqMvq Aemacrrsquovb Kivi K_v daggermLvb dagger_DaggerK mDaggeri Abuml
RvqMvq PDaggerj hvq|
wWmDaggercshymDaggergrsaquoU
(Displacement)
4 GKDaggerUvwcK Bivcmb (Ectopic Eruption)
`vuZ Zvi wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV Abuml daggerKvb `vuDaggerZi RvqMvq ev Abuml daggerKvb
Amacr^vfvweK AemacrrsquovDaggerb DDaggerV|
GKDaggerUvwcK Bivcmb
(Ectopic Eruption)
5 Cross Bite ev DDaggereumlv Kvgo Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii daggerPqvDaggerji
mvgDaggerbi `vuZ cedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `uvZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL Ges DcDaggerii
daggerPvqvDaggerji wcQDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ mvgvbuml evBDaggerii
18
w`DaggerK _vDaggerK| GDaggerK Normal Bite ev macr^vfvweK Kvgo eDaggerj| GB Aemacrrsquovi DDaggereumlvwU hLb
NDaggerU ZLb ZvDaggerK Cross Bite ev DDaggereumlv Kvgo eDaggerj|
Cross Bite
ev DDaggereumlv Kvgo
6 (IDaggercb evBU) Open bite
Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerii cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi daggerPqvDaggerji
cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi GKwU macruacutekcopy _vDaggerK| daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` Kvgo dagger`qv Ae rsquovq DcDaggerii cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi msmacruacutekcopy bv _vDaggerK Ges Gi dDaggerj `yB cvwU `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS
dvuKv _vDaggerK ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Open bite eDaggerj|
IDaggercb evBU
(Open bite)
7 wWc evBU (Deep bite)
Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi
GK ZhellipZxqvsk daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL| wKšlsquo daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi cyDaggerivUv daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL ZLb ZvDaggerK Deep bite ev daggerewk Kvgo eDaggerj|
19
(wWc evBU) Deep bite
8 Knotvm 2 gumlvjAKnotzmb
(Class II malocclusion Division 1) GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ macr^vfvweDaggerKi daggerPDaggerq ADaggerbK mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| DcDaggerii cvwUcopyi mvgDaggerbi
`vZcedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK DuPz nq|
Knotvm 2 wWwfkb 1 gumlvjAvKnotzmb
11 Knotvm 3 gumlvjAKnotzmb (Class III Malocclusion)
20
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi cvwcopyUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL
ev DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi Inscisal Edge GDaggerK AcDaggerii DcDaggeri Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| hvDaggerK
Edge To Edge Bite eDaggerj|
Knotvm 3 gumlvjAKnotzmb
12 Zvjy KvUv I daggerVvuU KvUv t
GwU GKwU RbyenMZ mgmumlv ADaggerbDaggerK iumlay daggerVvU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv Avevi ADaggerbDaggerK Dfq
mgmumlv wbDaggerqB RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| AwfAacute wPwKrmKebdquoDaggerrsaquo`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutevi gvaumlDaggerg mwVK
mgDaggerq mwVK wPwKrmv w`Daggerq daggerVvuU I Zvjy KvUv fvDaggerjv Kiv AvRKvj daggerKvb mgmumlvB bq|
21
Zvjy KvUv
daggerVvuU KvUv
DcDaggerii AvDaggerjvPbvq Avwg wKQy mgmumlv Lye mnR fvlvq AvcbvDagger`i eySvDaggerZ daggerPoacutev KDaggeriwQ|
GmKj mgmumlvi mswparaszlig weeiY wfZDaggerii cOumlwZwU AaumlvDaggerq dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev KiwQ|
22
-0-
PROF IIDA JUN ICHI RO DR SAGOR amp
PROF TT YAMAMOTO AT KOREA
23
At IADR Seminar USA
Avcwb nqDaggerZvev Avcbvi wbDaggerRi A_ev daggerKvb wcOumlqRDaggerbi AvuKv evuKv `vuZ wbDaggerq LyeB
`ywethšmdashvMOumlmacr mdash| mywPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg Orthodontist AvcbvDaggerK GB `ywethšmdashv dagger_DaggerK gysup3 KiDaggerZ
cvDaggerib| wKšlsquo Avcwb wK RvDaggerbb daggerKb `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPz bxPz nq Avmyb bxDaggerPi AvDaggerjvPbvi
gvaumlDaggerg Avgiv cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy GB cOumlkœwUi DEumli LyuDaggerR daggerbB|
wewfbœ wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv wewfbœfvDaggere `vuZ AvuKv-evuKv nevi KviY mg~nDaggerK daggerkordfYxetimes
KDaggeriDaggerQb| AvcbvDagger`i Rvbvi myweavDagger_copy Lye mnR fvlvq `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi KviY mg~n wbDaggerP
dagger`qv njt
1| RbyenMZ KviY t K) wkiuml hw` daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| L) wkiumli
RDaggerbyeni mgq gv_vq AvNvZ daggercDaggerj| M) wewfbœ JlDaggerai cvkbrvbarcopy cOumlwZmicroqvi Rbuml|
2| eskMZ KviDaggerYt daggerPvqvj Lye daggerewk eo ev daggerQvU nDaggerj| daggerPvqvDaggerj me `vuZ aDaggeri
ivLvi gZ chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKDaggerj|
3| niDaggergvDaggerbi wewfbœ mgmumlv daggerhgbt Cretinism acromegali _vKDaggerj|
4| daggerPvqvj ev `vuDaggerZi bxDaggerP daggerKvb wUDgvi _vKDaggerj ev AvNvZ daggercDaggerj|
5| fyj ctimeswZDaggerZ Lvevi wMjDaggerj (Improper Swallowing)|
6| gyDaggerL daggerKvb `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKDaggerj|
7| `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AvKhellipwZ Amacr^vfvweK nDaggerj|
8| gyDaggerL AwZwisup3 daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj|
9| DaggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi gDaggerauml jydegvwqZ _vKDaggerj|
10| wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya `vuZ daggerdDaggerj w`Daggerj|
11| `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi ciI ADaggerbKw`b aDaggeri gyDaggerL Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerj|
12| macrrsquovqx daggerKvb `vuZ bv _vKDaggerj|
13| macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVDaggerZ dagger`ix KiDaggerj|
14| AvNvZ daggercDaggerj|
15| DaggerKvb `vuZ mnRfvDaggere DVDaggerZ euml_copy nDaggerj|
16| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv dagger`qv cOumlfbdquowZ AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi
cOumlavb KviYmg~nDaggerZv RvbDaggerjb| Avmyb bv Rvbv AacutevbUvDaggerK KvDaggerR jvMvB| DcDaggerivsup3
24
KviYmg~n hw` KvDaggeriv gvDaggerS dagger`LDaggerZ cvB ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY
KiDaggerZ ewj|
hLb KvDaggeriv gv_vq PzDaggerji cwigvb macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ Kg _vDaggerK ZLb ZvDaggerK KZB bv
`ywethšmdashv MOumlmacr mdash dagger`Lvq| gv_vi Pzjwenxb dvuKv macrrsquovb wKfvDaggere `~i Kiv hvq Zv wbDaggerq daggerhb wPšmdashvi daggerkl
_vDaggerK bv| wVK daggerZgwbfvDaggere wKQy gvbyDaggerli `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMv dagger`Lv hvq| ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcirc
Zviv Abuml gvbyDaggerli mvgDaggerb K_v ejDaggerZ GgbwK cOumlvb LyDaggerj nvmDaggerZI Amacr^wmacrmdash daggereva KDaggeri| hviv dvuKv
`vuDaggerZi mgmumlv fyMDaggerQb ZvDagger`i `ywethšmdashvi w`b daggerkl| ADagger_copyvWbwUKm wPwKrmvi KjumlvDaggerb dvuKv
`vuDaggerZi wPwKrmv GLb Avi daggerKvb mgmumlvB bq|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy
wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
25
mvaviY ADagger_copy Spacing ejDaggerZ Avgiv dvuKv macrrsquovb eywS| wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi fvlvq hLb
g yDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb daggerKvb `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMv _vDaggerK ZLb ZvDaggerK Spacing eDaggerj|
cOumlKviDaggerf` t Spacing `yB aiDaggerYi nDaggerq _vDaggerK|
1) Generalized Spacing daggerPvqvDaggerji me ev AwaKvsk `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv
_vKDaggerj|
2) Localized Spacing `yB ev ZDaggerZvwaK `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerj|
DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `ywU `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerj ZvDaggerK Median
Diastema eDaggerj|
Spacing ev dvuKvi KviY t
1 daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq `vuDaggerZi AvKvi hw` daggerQvU nq
2 RbyenMZfvDaggere daggerKvb `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKDaggerj|
3 Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj|
4 DaggerKvb `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AwZ paraz`ordf nDaggerj|
5 `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerj|
6 wmdivide wUDgvi _vKDaggerj|
7 wRnŸv eo _vKDaggerj| (macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ)
8 `vuZ wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK NyDaggeri daggerMDaggerj
9 GQvov daggerVuvU ev MvDaggerji KviDaggerY A_ev AwZwisup3 daggerKvb `vuZ gyDaggerL _vKDaggerj Zv cvDaggerki
`vuZDaggerK Pressure w`Daggerq mwiDaggerq Spacing KDaggeri|
Spacing wKfvDaggere wbYcopyq Kiv nq t
K) DaggerivMxi gyL MnŸi chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri
L) DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZiƒc ev Model dagger`DaggerL
M) x-ray dagger`DaggerL|
26
Spacing Gi Amyweav mg~nt
duvKv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI daggerivMxi Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv K_v ejvi
mgq daggerKvb daggerKvb katilde macruacuteoacutefvDaggere D‛PviDaggerY mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt
Spacing Gi wPwKrmv Kivi c~Daggerecopy daggerivMxi BwZnvm fvDaggerjvfvDaggere RvbDaggerZ nDaggere Ges
Spacing Gi mcurrencentveuml KviY mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggerZ nDaggere| hw` daggerivMxi Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK
hvi Rbuml `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMvi mbdquowoacute nDagger‛Q ZDaggere daggermB Afumlvm ev` dagger`qvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| ZviciI hw` daggerivMx Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere Habit breaking
appliance eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere| daggerKvb
TumourCyst _vKDaggerj Zv AcmviY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Spacing hw` Lye mvgvbuml cwigvDaggerY nq
Ges daggerivMxi hw` daggerKvb AwfDaggerhvM bv _vDaggerK ZDaggere wPwKrmv bv KivDaggerj I PDaggerj| ZDaggere Spacing
ADaggerbK daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontics wPwKrmv jvMDaggere| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri
wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wK aiDaggerYi wPwKrmv w`Daggereb| Spacing wVK Kivi Rbuml yB aiDaggerYi hšiquest ev
appliance use Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Removable Appliance)
Orthodontist `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ Fixed KDaggeri Appliance wU jvwMDaggerq w`Daggereb
(Fixed appliance) hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggerebv|
hw` `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mvgvbuml dvuKv _vDaggerK ZDaggere `vuDaggerZi iDaggerOi mvDagger_ wgwjDaggerq Filling Kiv
daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
GQvov gyDaggerLi Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS KhellipwIcircg `vuZ ewmDaggerq I Spacing Correction Kiv hvq| DaggerZv
Avcbvi hw` _vDaggerK dvuKv `vuDaggerZi mgmumlv ZDaggere PDaggerj Avmyb AwfAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ| wPwKrmv
KwiDaggerq `vuDaggerZi dvuKv wVK Kisbquob cOumlvY LyDaggerj nvmyb Avi nDaggerq DVyb AvKlcopyYxq|
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27
mvaviYfvDaggere Crowding ejDaggerZ daggerKvb wKQyi AvwaKumlDaggerK daggerevSvq| wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi
fvlvq gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKvi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi macr^vfvweK webumlvm evavMOumlmacrrsquo nDaggerq daggerh
wekbdquoldquoLjZv mbdquowoacute nq ZvDaggerK Crowding eDaggerj|
KviYmg~nt wewfbœ KviDaggerY gyDaggerL Crowding nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Zvi gDaggerauml DDaggerjshyLDaggerhvMuml
KviYmg~n bxDaggerP Dagger`qv njt
1 gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AvKhellipwZi mvgAumlmuml bv _vKDaggerj|
2 `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj|
3 `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi ADaggerbK AvDaggerM cDaggero daggerMDaggerj
4 macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVDaggerZ dagger`ix nDaggerj
5 AvNvZ daggercDaggerj
6 DaggerKvb `vuZ evowZ _vKDaggerj
7 Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj
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8 daggerPvqvj macr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes bv daggercDaggerj
Crowding wbYcopyqt
1 daggerivMxi gyLMnŸi chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri|
2 DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Model ev cOumlwZiƒc dagger`DaggerL
3 GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL|
Crowding Gi djvdj t
`vuDaggerZi Dci cOumlfvet Gi dDaggerj `vuZ Zvi wbDaggerRi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK NyDaggeri daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri
`vuZ daggernDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri GgbwK daggerKvb daggerKvb `vuZ bvI DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Dci cOumlfve t
1 DaggerivMx mvgvwRKfvDaggere wewfbœ mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
2 DaggermŠrsaquo`hcopynvwb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
3 `vuZ wVKgZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ bv cvivi KviDaggerY `vuZ I gvwoi wewfbœ daggerivDaggerM Avmicrovšmdash
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
4 nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmv t
1 cOumlwZDaggerivag~jK eumlemacrrsquovt
hw` daggerivMxi cwievDaggeri KvDaggeriv `vuDaggerZ Crowding _vDaggerK ZDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist-Gi chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ covi mwVK mgq bv Avmv chcopyšmdash `ya `vuZDaggerK msiparaY Kivi daggerPoacutev KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggerKvb paraqDaggerivM dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerZ daggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml
boacute bv nq|
Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj ZumlvM KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ mwVK mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj Zv wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq daggerdDaggerj dagger`qvi eumlemacrrsquov KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
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gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere avivevwnKfvDaggere wbw`copyoacute wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerK
wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi fvlvq Serial extraction ejv nq|
2 msDaggerkvab g~jK eumlemacrrsquov t
K) DaggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml evovDaggerbv
DaggerPvqvjDaggerK cOumlmvwiZ Kiv
mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK wKQyUv DuPz Kiv
Daggergvjvi `vuZDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerUDaggerb Daggerbqv
vuDaggerZi AvKvi daggerQvU KDaggeri daggerdjv
`vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjv t
Crowding Gi cwigvY Lye daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontist wVK KiDaggereb daggerKvb `vuZwU
daggerdjDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
Crowding Lye daggerewk nDaggerj ev gvSvwi aiDaggerYi nDaggerj Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggerq
Removable ev Fixed daggerh daggerKvb GK aiDaggerYi appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggereb|
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Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi
msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy AvDaggerm| wKšlsquo daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` DcDaggerii cvwUcopyi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy bv
AvDaggerm Ges Gi dDaggerj DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi cvwUcopyi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mecopy`v dvuKv macrrsquovb _vDaggerK Ges gyL
mcurrenuacute~YcopyiƒDaggerc eUuml bv nq ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Open Bite eDaggerj|
mvaviYfvDaggere Open Bite ejDaggerZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi
Kvgo bv jvMvDaggerK daggerevSvq|
Open bite mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ ev wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Open Bite Gi KviY
mg~nt Avfrac12yj weDaggerkl KDaggeri ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Open bite nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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wRnŸv macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ eo _vKDaggerj ev hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjvavdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm
_vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS _vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi
DcDaggerii AsDaggerk (occlusal surface) -G _vDaggerK ZDaggere Open Bite nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
G Qvov daggerivMx hw` Bony Dysplasia Congenital wmwdwjm BZumlvw` daggerivDaggerM fyDaggerM
_vDaggerK ZDaggereI Open bite Gi mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt Open bite Gi wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml mecopycOuml_g daggerivMxDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOuml_Daggerg Open bite nevi KviY
mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggereb| hw` daggerivMxi Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK
ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm `~i Kivi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb
KDaggerib ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm ~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance)
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib daggerivMxDaggerK|
Open bite hw` gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj hvq ZDaggere Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontic
appliance eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri hv Fixed ev Removable daggerh daggerKvb iKgB
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
hw` daggerPvqvDaggerji nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Open bite dagger`Lv hvq Ges daggerivMxi eqm hw` 6-12 eQi
nq ZDaggere Chin cap (Chin cap bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi ev bxDaggerPi w`DaggerKi ebdquowtimes
nIqvDaggerK cOumlwZDaggeriva KDaggeri) Gi mvDagger_ High pull head gear eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nevi ci Ges macrrsquovqx `vuZ me DVvi ci daggerPvqvDaggerji Amacr^vfvweK
ebdquowtimesRwbZ KviDaggerY daggerh Open bite nq Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Surgery Kiv DaggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq KvDaggeriv Open bite Gi mgmumlv _vKDaggerj AvovDaggerj Zvi mgvDaggerjvPbv bv
KDaggeri AvgvDagger`i mKDaggerji DwPZ ZvDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ
ejv| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cieZcopyx KiYxq mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy ejDaggerZ cviDaggereb| Zvui
civgkcopy Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY KiDaggerj Open bite wbivgq Kiv mcurrencente|
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`šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv Class II Malocclusion DaggerK `yB fvDaggerM fvM KDaggeriDaggerQb|
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion
2 Class II division 2 malocclusion
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion t
hw` KvDaggeriv daggerclY `vuDaggerZi mcurrenuacuteKcopy (Molar relation) Class II _vDaggerK Ges DcDaggerii
DaggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZ cedilDaggerjv DPz _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv Class II Division 1 Gi Ašmdashfycopysup3|
Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK
(Convex profile) DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ daggerewk daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL
DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK daggerewk mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| `vuZ DuPz nevi KviDaggerY
daggerivMx ADaggerbK mgq `yB daggerVuvU eUuml KiDaggerZ cvDaggeribv|
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2 Class II division 2 Malocclusion
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc Molar Relation Class II _vKDaggere A_copyvr DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev
Molar `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev Molar `vuDaggerZi dagger_DaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ mvgDaggerb
Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv wKQyUv wfZDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb
KiDaggere| mvaviYZ DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj GKB iKg AemacrrsquovDaggerb _vKDaggere (Straight Profile)
DcDaggerii `vuZcedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK cyDaggerivUv daggerXDaggerK ivLDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`ix bv KDaggeri GKRb Orthodontist daggerK Rvbvb|
Orthodontist wewfbœ chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri wPwKrmv ctimeswZ wVK KiDaggereb|
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Avcbvi AvDaggerk cvDaggerki gvbylcedilDaggerjvDaggerK GKUz fvDaggerjvfvDaggere jpara KiDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggereb daggerewki
fvM gvbyDaggerliB DcDaggeri daggerPvqvj Ges DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji
`vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ mvgvbuml GKUz mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK| Ges GUvB nDaggerjv macr^vfvweK| wKšlsquo wKQy gvbyDaggerli
daggerparaDaggerIcirc Gi DDaggereumlvUv dagger`Lv dagger`q| A_copyvr ZvDagger`i bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK _vDaggerK DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj ev DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ| GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi
fvlvq eDaggerj Class III malocclusion|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
`yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| 1Uv nDaggerjv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY| GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii
cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
35
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi
MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb dagger`DaggerL GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wKfvDaggere wPwKrmv KiDaggerj
daggerivMx mDaggerecopyvEumlg djvdj cvq|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion nq ZDaggere Orthodontic
Treatment A_copyvr iumlaygvIcirc Brace cwoDaggerqB wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere evošmdash ev cwiYZ daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB| ZDaggere Lye daggerewk eqDaggerm wPwKrmv KivDaggerj wPwKrmvi mgq daggereDaggero hvDaggere|
hw` evošmdash eqDaggerm nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion dagger`Lv dagger`q ZDaggere
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvjDaggerK mvgDaggerb Avbvi Rbuml ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvjDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerbqvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK wewfbœ
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aiDaggerYi hšiquest dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri eumlenvDaggerii Rbuml| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Face Mask Chin Cap DDaggerjshyL
daggerhvMuml|
hw` cwiYZ eqDaggerm gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerqi Class III malocclusion hv nvDaggerii MVDaggerbi
KviDaggerY nDaggerqDaggerQ Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ ZDaggere kjuml wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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evBgumlvmiddot
evBgvmiddot `y aiDaggerbi nq| evBgumlvwmiddotjvix cOumlUzordfmb Ges evBgumlvwmiddot jvix cOumlwKnotDaggerbmb| wK KwVb
katilde| Avmyb Lye mnDaggerR daggerRDaggerb daggerbB `uvZ I gvwoi Avi GK mgmumlv hvi bvg evBgvmiddot|
evBgumlvmiddot mgmumlvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj wKsev `uvZ wKsev DfqB mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK DPzu _vDaggerK| dDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv daggerVvU DPzu nDaggerq _vKv GgbwK gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ
cviv mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
mvavibZ `uvZ hw` Zzjbvg~jK fvDaggere eo GgbwK daggerPvqvj jcurren^v wKsev daggerXvK wMjvi mgq
wRnev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK Amacr^vfvweK fvDaggere `uvZDaggerK mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK daggerVjv w`Daggerj GB aiDaggerbi mgmumlv nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| NveovDaggerbvi wKQzB daggerbB GB mgmumlvi mgvavb Lye myrsaquo`i KDaggeri GK AwfAacute ADagger_copyDaggerWbwUdivide
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib| gDaggerb ivLDaggerZ nDaggere cOumlv_wgK Aemacrrsquovq GB mgmumlvi mgvavb KiDaggerj ZZUv RwUjZv nq
bv| eDaggerqvmwUuml KvDaggerji c~Daggere eDaggerqvmmwUuml KvDaggerji mgq Ges cDaggeri wPwKrmv eumlemacrrsquov cbdquo_K cbdquo_K nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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myrsaquo`Daggerii c~Rvix mKDaggerjB ZvB GB mgmumlv mgvavb KDaggeri
Avcwb nDaggerq DVyb myrsaquo`i `uvZ I nvwmi AwaKvix
39
daggerMR `vuZ(High Canine) DPz KZcopyb `vuZ t
AvgvDagger`i gyDaggerL eqm 5 eQi chcopyšmdash daggerh 20 wU `vuZ _vDaggerK Zvi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ
_vDaggerK| eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ 20wU `ya `vuZ hLb cDaggero wMDaggerq macrrsquovqx `vuZ DDaggerV ZLbI daggergvU
32wU `vuDaggerZi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ _vDaggerK| G KZcopyb `uvZcedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi 4wU daggerKvbvq AewmacrrsquoZ| ZvB
GDagger`iDaggerK Corner Stone of mouth eDaggerj| bvg iumlbDaggerjB daggerevSv hvq G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Lv`uml`ordfeumlDaggerK
KZcopyb KiDaggerZ Ges wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri| G `vuZ cedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK kwsup3kvjx| KviY G `vuDaggerZi
GbvDaggergDaggerji cyisbquoZiexcl Daggerewk Ges mvgDaggerbi 4wU `vuDaggerZi (Pecopyb `vuZ-Incisor tooth) ciciB
AewmacrrsquoZ| daggerKvb daggerKvb mgq wewfbœ KviY ekZt G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Zvi wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK wfbœ
AemacrrsquovDaggerb dagger`Lv hvq| hw` G `vuZcedilDaggerjv gvwoi gDaggerauml ev DcDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri ZLb ZvDaggerK
High Canine ev daggerMR `vuZ ejv nq| Avevi KLDaggerbv GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv Zvjyi w`K w`Daggerq DDaggerV|
ZLb GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK Palataly placed canine eDaggerj| Avevi KLDaggerbv I gvwo ev Zvjyi wfZDaggeri
G `vuZ Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| ZLb ZvDaggerK Impacted Canine ejv nq| GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi gDaggerauml
AZxe Risbquoix PviwU `vuZ| GB `vuZ daggerhgb Lv`uml`ordfeuml KZcopyb I wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri cvkvcvwk
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daggerPvqvDaggerji bovPovDaggerK wbqšiquestY KDaggeri| GB `vuZDaggerK Beauty tooth I ejv nq| ZvB G `vuDaggerZi
mvwietimesfvDaggere webumlvm LyeB Risbquoix|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ daggerh KDaggerqKwU mgmumlv ZzDaggerj aiv nDaggerjv G mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi mgvavb LyeB Risbquoix|
hw` daggerKD GiKg daggerKvb mgmumlvq fyDaggerM _vDaggerKb ZDaggere AwfAacute Orthodontist -B nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
Avcbvi myrsaquo`i nvwm wdwiDaggerq dagger`qvi cig eUumlz|
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daggerVvuU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerki wkiumlDagger`i GKwU AbumlZg
mgmumlv| wewfbœ MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv wMDaggerqDaggerQ cOumlwZ 700 RDaggerb 1 Rb daggerVvuU KvUv Ges cOumlwZ 1000 RDaggerb
1 Rb wkiuml Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| daggerVvuU KvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggerQDaggerj wkiumlDagger`i Ges
ZvjyKvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggergDaggerq-wkiumlDagger`i gvDaggerS|
wewfbœ KviDaggerY wkiuml daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri _vDaggerK| kZKiv 25 fvM daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GUv eskMZ KviDaggerY nDaggerq _vDaggerK| hw` 1 Rb ZvjyKvUv daggerivMx 1 Rb mymacrrsquo gvbylDaggerK weDaggerq KDaggeri ZDaggere
ZvDagger`i ev‛Pvi ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kivi mcurrencentvebv kZKiv 2 fvM|
Mfcopyvemacrrsquovi cOuml_g fvDaggerM gv hw` daggerKvb fvBivj BbDaggerdKkDaggerb Avmicrovšmdash nq ev kvixwiKfvDaggere
AvNvZcOumlvszlig nq ev niDaggergvDaggerbi fvimvgumlnxbZvq fyDaggerM ev wfUvwgDaggerbi AfvDaggere fyDaggerM _vDaggerK ev
daggeriwWDaggerqkDaggerb GmiddotDaggercvR nq ev _umlvwjDaggerWvgvBW RvZxq Ilya MOumlnY KDaggeri ZDaggere wkiumli daggerVvuU ev
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| KvDaggerQi AvZyenxq macr^RDaggerbi gvDaggerS weDaggerq nDaggerjI wkiuml G mgmumlv
wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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DaggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq wkiuml RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerj cwieviDaggerK bvbv aiDaggerYi mvgvwRK I gvbwmK
mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ nq| wkiuml hLb GB mgmumlv wbDaggerq eo nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZLb daggermI gvbwmKfvDaggere
nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ _vDaggerK| G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ K_v
ejDaggerZ I iumlbDaggerZ mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| `vuDaggerZi mgmumlvi gDaggerauml hv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Zvi gDaggerauml AbumlZg
nDagger‛Q-wewfbœ `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKv `vuZ wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV gyDaggerLi Abuml daggerKvb RvqMvq
DVv evowZ wKQy `vuZ _vKv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb ksup3 bv nIqv `vuDaggerZi MVb myrsaquo`i bv nIqv
gvwoi wewfbœ mgmumlv `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPy-bxPz nIqv|
daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv daggerivMxDagger`i wPwKrmv weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmKDagger`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutev Qvov mcurrencente
bq| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Orthodontist Gi f~wgKv iumlisbquo nq ev‛Pvi RDaggerbyeni ci ciB| daggerhDaggernZz daggerVvuU I
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv nq daggermRbuml wkiumli RDaggerbyeni ci ciB
gyDaggerLi wfZi covi Rbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b daggerhb wkiumli daggerLDaggerZ
daggerKvb mgmumlv bv nq|
kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wkiumli 3-6 gvm eqDaggerm daggerVvuU I 1-2 eQi eqDaggerm Zvjy wVK KiDaggerZ
nDaggere GKRb AwfAacute kjuml wPwKrmK Oslashviv| kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg daggerVvuU I Zvjy wVK Kivi ci
wkiumli DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj hvDaggerZ msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GK aiDaggerYi
Appliance ev hšiquest bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b|
wkiumli Mixed dentition stage (6-12 eQi eqm) -G gyDaggerL daggerKvb AwZwisup3 `vuZ
_vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GQvov mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Cross bite _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuZ
AvuKv evKv _vKDaggerj ev Molar ev daggerclY `vDaggerZi Relation wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere Removable ev Fixed appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo
KiDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
me macrrsquovqx `vuZ PDaggerj Avmvi ci macrrsquovqxfvDaggere daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Kvgo (Occlusion
improve) wVK Kivi Rbuml Fixed ev Removable appliance w`Daggerq Orthodontist
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb Ges daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggereb|
GB mgDaggerq gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyDaggerK wVK Kivi Rbuml cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj Bony Graft Kiv daggerhDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| Gi dDaggerj Orthodontic treatment Gi daggerh djvdj ZvI Aparazbœ _vKDaggere|
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daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLvi ci Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere daggerivMxDaggerK
Permanent Retainer bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv daggerivMxDaggerK me mgq cDaggero _vKDaggerZ nDaggere|
Amacrlsaquovi weRqx DaggerRvqvDaggerKb wdwbmiddot RDaggerbyeni mgq daggerVvuU KvuUv wQj
daggerVvuU KuvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv daggerKvb Awfkvc bq| mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg
GDaggerK mvwiDaggerq daggerZvjv mcurrencente| `iKvi iumlay mevi mDaggerPZbZv Avi mwVK mgDaggerq weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri daggerm Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY Kiv|
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ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerKvb eqDaggerm iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ Zv AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKiB ARvbv|
ADaggerbK AwffveKB eySDaggerZ cvDaggerib bv wkiumli ADagger_copyvWbwUK mgmumlvi Rbuml daggerKvb eqDaggerm
Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| AAacutevbZvi Rbuml ev Abuml daggerKvb wOslashav-OslashDaggerrsaquo`i
KviDaggerY Zviv ADaggerbK mgqB ADaggerbK dagger`ix KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb wPwKrmvi
Rbuml| dDaggerj wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc wPwKrmvi eumlvwszligKvj daggereDaggero hvq| wKQyDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK
chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc
wPwKrmvi djvdj Avkvbyiƒc nq bv| KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv KZUv
Risbquoix| GLb Avwg ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi eqm mxgv wbDaggerq AvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri AvcbvDagger`i
wKQyUv nDaggerjI aviYv dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev Kie|
AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerk ADaggerbK wkiumlB daggerVvuU ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| Kzmsmacrlsaquoviv‛Qbœ
gvbyliv GDaggerK Awfkvc ev fvDaggerMumli wjLb gDaggerb KDaggeri nvZ cv cedilwUDaggerq eDaggerm _vDaggerK daggerKvb wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri bv| wKšlsquo gDaggerb ivLDaggereb daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumli
AwffveKDagger`i DwPZ RDaggerbyeni ci ciB GKRb AwfAacute Orhodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY Kiv|
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KviY G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i RDaggerbyeni ciB cOumlavb I cOuml_g daggerh mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q Zv nDaggerjv Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mgmumlv| Orthodontist Gmgq GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv wkiumlDaggerK Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml LyeB parawZKi GKwU Afumlvm|
mvaviYZ `yB dagger_DaggerK wZb eQi eqDaggermi gDaggerauml Avcbv Avcwb wkiuml G AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KDaggeri daggerdDaggerj|
wKšlsquo ZviciI hw` wkiuml AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere AwffveKDagger`i Gi parawZKi w`KwU
mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere Ges microgvMZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv PjDaggerZ _vKDaggerj wkiumlDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj G AfumlvmwU
`~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance) bullZwi KDaggeri w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib
hvDaggerZ KDaggeri fwelumlDaggerZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi KviDaggerY wkiumli `vuDaggerZi webumlvm AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv hvq|
mvaviYZ 5-6 eQi eqm dagger_DaggerK wkiumlDagger`i `ya `vuZ coDaggerZ iumlisbquo KDaggeri| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK mgq
dagger`Lv hvq AvNvZ RwbZ paraq RwbZ ev Abuml daggerKvb daggerivDaggerMi KviDaggerY wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya
`vuZ cDaggero hvq ev daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| `vuZ covi ci daggerh dvuKv RvqMvwU _vDaggerK daggerm RvqMvwU ZLb
`yB cvDaggerki `vuZ w`Daggerq eUuml nDaggerq hvq| dDaggerj rsquovqx `vuZ DVvi Rbuml chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv daggercDaggerq
Amacr^vfvweK daggerKvb RvqMvq `vuZ DDaggerV Ges `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi mcurrencentvebv daggereDaggero hvq| GB dvuKv
macrrsquovbwU hvDaggerZ cvDaggerki `vuZ Oslashviv eUuml bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl hšiquest bullZwi
KDaggeri w`Daggereb hvDaggerK Space maintainer eDaggerj| KvDaggerRB daggerKvb `ya`vuZ hw` Zvi wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi
AvDaggerM cDaggero hvq ZDaggere dagger`ix bv KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi mvDagger_ dagger`Lv Kisbquob|
ADaggerbK ev‛PvDagger`i dagger`Lv hvq DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj daggerewk evoDaggerQ ev hZUzKz evovi K_v
ZZUzKz evoDaggerQ bv| Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc evošmdash eqDaggerm (6-12) Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cOumlDaggerqvRb AbymvDaggeri Face
mask ev Chin cap eumlenvi KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb hv ev‛Pvi DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimesDaggerK
mwVK AmacrrsquovDaggerb wbDaggerZ mnvqZv KiDaggere|
DaggerVuvU I ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i daggerVvuU I Zvjy kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wVK
Kivi ci mwVK mgq Orthodontist Gmiddotcvbmb macrŒz (Expansion screw) ZvjyDaggerZ jvwMDaggerq
dagger`b hvDaggerZ DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq| G wkiumlDagger`i 8-10 eQi eqDaggerm bone
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grafting Kivi Rbuml kjuml wPwKrmKDaggerK cOumlDaggerqvRbxq civgkcopy I mnvqZv w`Daggerq _vDaggerKb
Orthodontist|
6-12 eQi eqDaggerm hLb wkiumli gyDaggerL `ya I macrrsquovqx Dfq cOumlKvi `vuZ we`umlgvb ZLb hw`
`vuDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo (Cross bite) daggerewk Kvgo (Deep bite) dagger`Lv hvq ZDaggere
Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRbxq eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggereb hvDaggerZ fwelumlDaggerZ KvgocedilDaggerjv AvDaggeriv Lvivc -Gi w`DaggerK
bv hvq|
`ya `vuZ me cDaggero hvevi ci I macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVvi ci AvuKv evuKv DuPz -bxPz `vuZ wVK
Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS Removable Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ
ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere) ev Fixed Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere bv) w`Daggerq
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb|
ADaggerbDaggerKiB gDaggerbB cOumlkœ _vDaggerK daggerh daggerewk eqDaggerm Orthodontic wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere wKbv|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuZ nvo I GDagger`i mvDagger_ mcurrenuacuteKcopyhysup3 structure cedilDaggerjv fvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZDaggere daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv Kiv mcurrencente|
cOumlvszlig eqDaggerm hw` DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj hw` Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes daggercDaggerq _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv
wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj kjuml wPwKrmvi Oslashvimacrrsquo nDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi mdjZv wbfcopyi KDaggeri wPwKrmDaggerKi AwfAacuteZv daggerivMx I Zvi
AwffveDaggerKi mnDaggerhvwMZv I mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi Dci|
gDaggerb ivLDaggereb mgDaggerqi GK daggerdvuo AmgDaggerqi `k daggerdvuo| mwVK mgDaggerq mwVK KvRwU KiDaggerj
Avcwb daggerh djvdj cvDaggereb dagger`ix KDaggeri KvRwU KiDaggerj daggermB djvdj Avcwb bvI daggercDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
Avcbvi daggerKvb wbKURDaggerbi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj mwVK mgDaggerq Orthodontist
Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggerZ fyjDaggereb bv daggerhb|
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Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Dci Bracket
ev Brace covDaggerbv _vDaggerK| Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq
Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv wbDagger`kcopyvejx wVKgZ daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj wPwKrmv cieZcopyx RwUjZv dagger`Lv
dagger`evi mcurrencentvebv LyeB Kg|
Fixed Orthodontic treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq gyL I `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZ weDaggerkl hZœ wbDaggerZ
nDaggere| daggerhme welDaggerqi Dci daggerewk daggerewk bRi ivLDaggerZ nDaggere Zv bxDaggerP dagger`qv nDaggerjvt
1 daggerhw`b daggerivMxi gyDaggerL Bracket emvDaggerbv nDaggere Zvici dagger_DaggerK 24 NrsaquoUv chcopyšmdash ksup3 Lvevi
LvIqv DwPZ bq| GDaggerZ Bracket LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| H 24 NrsaquoUv Lye daggerRvDaggeri daggerRvDaggeri `vuZ
eordfvk Kiv I DwPZ bq| daggerivMx Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv civgkcopy Abyhvqx `vuZ eordfvk
KiDaggere I macr^vfvweK Lvevi LvDaggere|
2 Bracket covDaggerbvi 2-3 w`b chcopyšmdash daggerivMxi GKUz Amacr^wmacrmdash nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GDaggerZ fDaggerqi wKQy
daggerbB| gyDaggerL bZzb wKQy wRwbm emvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2-3 w`b ci Zv AfumlvDaggerm cwiYZ nDaggerq
hvDaggere|
3 cOumlwZevi Lvevi LvIqvi ci AekumlB `vuZ fvDaggerjvfvDaggere eordfvk KiDaggerZ nDaggere| mKvDaggerj I ivDaggerZ
daggerdnotvivBW hysup3 Uz_Daggercdivide w`Daggerq `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggere| Abumlvbuml mgq Uz_ daggercoacute Qvov eordfvk KiDaggerjI
PjDaggere|
4 cOumlwZ wZb (3) gvm ci ci Uz_eordfvk e`j KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Uz_eordfvDaggerki weordfmampjcedilDaggerjv daggerhb big
(Medium soft) nq Zv daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
5 Bracket ev appliance -Gi Dci bxDaggerP 45 daggerKvDaggerY eordfvk aDaggeri `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
6 Lye daggerRvDaggeri Pvc w`Daggerq eordfvk Kiv hvDaggere bv| GDaggerZ KDaggeri Appliance LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
7 `vuDaggerZi daggerh cvDaggerk Appliance AvDaggerQ daggermB cvDaggerk Appliance -Gi Dci AvjDaggerZvfvDaggere
NywiDaggerq NywiDaggerq eordfvk KDaggeri `vuZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| `vuDaggerZi Abumlvbuml cvkcedilDaggerjvI daggerhb
fvDaggerjvfvDaggere cwireglsaquovi Kiv nq daggermw`DaggerK daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
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8 cOumlwZevi Lvevi Gi ci eordfvk Kiv mcurrencente bv nDaggerj LyefvDaggerjv KDaggeri KzjKzwP KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
9 `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerSi gqjv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Dental Floss eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
DaggerKvb KvwV ev myuB w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerLvPvDaggerbv hvDaggere bv|
10 wRnŸv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Tongue Cleanser eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
11 cOumlDaggerqvRDaggerb fvDaggerjv Mouth Wash eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere ZDaggerewPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy
Abyhvqx|
12 `vuDaggerZi gvwo Avfrac12yj w`Daggerq Massage Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
13 daggerKvb appliance daggerfDaggerfrac12 daggerMDaggerj ev LyDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ev Appliance Gi KviDaggerY gyDaggerL daggerKvb
mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj dagger`ix bv KDaggeri mDaggerfrac12 mDaggerfrac12 Orthondontist-Gi civgkcopy wbDaggerZ nDaggere|
14 wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq ksup3 Lvevi (nvo AvL) LvIqv cwinvi KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
15 AvVvDaggerjv RvZxq Lvevi (PzBs Mvg) LvIqv ev` w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
16 daggercqviv AvDaggercj ev daggerh daggerKvb ksup3 Lvevi Kvgo w`Daggerq bv daggerLDaggerq daggerQvU daggerQvU UzKiv KDaggeri
daggerLDaggerZ nDaggere|
17 Orthodontist DaggerhfvDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK AvmDaggerZ ejDaggereb (1gvm ci ci) AekumlB Zv cvjb
KiDaggerZ nDaggere| bv nDaggerj daggerivMxi wPwKrmv daggerkl nDaggerZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi daggerewk jvMDaggere|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbPz `vuZ wVK Kivi Rbuml daggerhgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Oslashviv mwVK wPwKrmv daggerZgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerivMx Ges daggerivMxi AwffveDaggerKi
mnDaggerhvwMZv Ges Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy Abyhvqx Pjv| ZDaggereB DaggerivMx wPwKrmv DaggerkDaggerl cvDaggere
KvwldquoparaZ myrsaquo`i `vuZ|
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mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
50
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ dnotwms
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daggerQvAElig GKwU evMvDaggerb hw` ADaggerbKcedilDaggerjv MvQ daggereDaggero DVDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZDaggere ADaggerbK MvDaggerQi macr^vfvweK ebdquowtimes
weboacute nq Ges evMvbwU wKQyw`b ci Nb Rfrac12Daggerj cwiYZ nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK| ZLb hw` daggermLvb
dagger_DaggerK wKQy MvQ daggerKDaggerU daggerdjv nq ZDaggere evMvbwUi evKxMvQcedilDaggerjv iparav daggercDaggerq macr^vfvweKfvDaggere daggereDaggero
DVDaggere|
daggerZgwb gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerh cwigvY RvqMv AvDaggerQ Zvi daggerPDaggerq hw` `vuDaggerZi msLumlv daggerewk wKsev
`vuZ Lye daggerekx AvuKv evKv DuPz `uvZ _vKDaggerj ZDaggere Zv wVK KDaggeri `vuZDaggerK mywebumlvmacrmdash myrsaquo`i KDaggeri
daggerZvjvi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgq daggerivMxi wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB daggerivMx ev
Zvi AwffveK `vuZ daggerZvjvi K_v iumlbDaggerj fq cvq| Zviv fvDaggere `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ ADaggerbK euml_v
jvMDaggere ev daggerPvDaggerLi daggereordfBDaggerbi hw` daggerKvb parawZ nq| Zviv Orthodontist daggerK `vuZ bv ZzDaggerj
wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml AbyDaggeriva KDaggeri _vDaggerK| wKšlsquo ZvDagger`i G mKj aviYv mcurrenuacute~Ycopy Ag~jK| `vuZ
ZzjDaggerj daggerPvDaggerLi ev daggereordfBDaggerbi daggerKvb parawZ nqbv| GKRb AwfAacute wPwKrmK ZvB KiDaggereb hv KiDaggerj
daggerivMxi wPwKrmv fvDaggerjvfvDaggere mcurrenuacutebœ nDaggere Ges daggerivMx I Zvi AwffveK mšlsquowoacute jvf KiDaggere| Avi
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM wbw copyoacute rsquovb fvDaggerjvfvDaggere Aek KDaggeri wbDaggerj Ges wPwKrmDaggerKi dagger`qv DcDagger`k `vuZ
daggerZvjvi w`b I cieZcopyx KDaggerqKw`b mwVKfvDaggere daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj `vuZ daggerZvjvi ci daggerivMxi daggerZgb daggerKvb
Amyweav nq bv ejDaggerjB PDaggerj|
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`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM
`vuZ daggerZvjvi cDaggeri
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ADaggerbDaggerKB AvDaggerQb hviv ivDaggerZ NygvDaggerbvi AvDaggerM Ges mKvDaggerj bvmacrmdashv Lvevi ci `vuZ eordfvk
KDaggerib `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Kvj wejcurren^ bv KDaggeri `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggerib
`vuDaggerZi mymacrrsquoZvi Rbuml hv hv `iKvi Zviv Zv-B KDaggerib| GmeB nDaggerjv fvDaggerjv Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi
Rbuml LyeB DcKvix|
wKšlsquo Ggb wKQy Afumlvm AvDaggerQ hv gyL I `vuDaggerZi macr^vDaggermacrrsquoumli Rbuml LyeB parawZKi| Gme
e`AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi bvbv aiDaggerYi mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q| GB AfumlvmcedilDaggerjvi gDaggerauml Avfrac12yj
daggerPvlv wRnŸampv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv ev daggerVjv dagger`Iqv daggerKvb mgmumlv bv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI gyL w`Daggerq wbkbrvbarvm
daggerbqv daggerVvuU I bL KvgovDaggerbv AbumlZg|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK| evev gv hw` GUv daggerLqvj KDaggerib ZDaggere wkiumlDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere daggerh Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv Lvivc| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz nDaggerq hvq ADaggerbK mgq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bvI coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Open bite) bxDaggerPi
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daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZcedilDaggerjv msKzwPZ nDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK hZUzKz daggerXDaggerK ivLv
DwPZ Zv KDaggerg daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerbvi ci I hw` Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm bv KDaggerg ZDaggere wkiumli 2-3 eQi eqm
chcopyšmdash ADaggercparav KiDaggerZ nDaggere| ADaggerbK mgq 3 eQi eqDaggermi ci wkiumli GB Afumlvm PDaggerj hvq|
ZviciI hw` wkiuml G Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere GKRb AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12
civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| wPwKrmK `iKvi gDaggerb nDaggerj daggerKvb Appliance ev hšiquest w`Daggereb hv
wkiumlDaggerK GB Afumlvm `~i KiDaggerZ mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wkiumli hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK ZDaggere DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DPuy nDaggerq hvq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bv coDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerivMx gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri
wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq Avcbvi daggermvbvgwbi hw` Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml
parawZKi ZDaggere cOuml_DaggergB ZvDaggerK eySvb| ZvDaggerZ KvR bv nDaggerj Aemacrrsquov hvDaggerZ AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv
hvq daggermRbuml AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy Kisbquob|
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OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
56
CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
57
KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
59
GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
60
ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
61
daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
7
ADagger_copyvWwrsaquoUK wKnotwbK Rvcvb t
AvuKv evuKv `vuDaggerZi wbLyuZ wPwKrmviZ Wvt mvMi
Wvt mvMi
RvcvDaggerb ADagger_copyvWwrsaquoUK BgcshyumlvrsaquoU emvDaggerbvi mgq AcvDaggerikb w_DaggerqUvDaggeri
8
myPxcIcirc
myPxcIcirc
1 f~wgKv
2 myrsaquo`i nvwm AvgvDagger`i mevi Kvguml
3 ADagger_copyvWbwUKm AZxe Risbquoix I cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy
4 `uvDaggerZi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb
5 ADagger_copyvWbwUK wKQy mgmumlv `vuZ I gyDaggerLi wKQy mgmumlv
6 `vuZ AvuKv evuuKv nevi KviY mg~n
7 dvuKv `vuZ Spacing
8 microvDwWs Crowding
9 IDaggercb evBU Open bite
10 Knotvk 2 gumlvjKzDaggerjkb Class II maloclusion
11 Knotvk w_ordf gumlvjKzDaggerjkb Class III maloclusion
12 evBgumlvmiddot
13 daggerMuR `vuZ
14 daggerKnotdUamp wjc GUcirc cumlvDaggerjU Cleft lip amp palate
15 ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi eqm
16 ADagger_vcopyWbwUK wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgq daggerivMxi KiYxq
17 ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerparaDaggerIcirc `vuZ daggerZvjvi cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZv
18 wKQy Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml parawZKi
19 ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZv
20 daggereordfm - Avcbvi Rbuml wK Risbquoix
9
f~wgKv
gvbyl daggerKŠZznj wcOumlq| ARvbv daggerKvb welq wbDaggerq Rvbvi AvMOumln
gvbyDaggerli cOumlej| hyDaggerMi mvDagger_ Zvj wgwjDaggerq Zviv daggerek mDaggerPZbI| wPwKrmv
weAacutevDaggerbi wewfbœ w`K mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy RvbDaggerZ Zviv LyeB AvMOumlnx| mvaviY
gvbyDaggerli Gme AvMOumlDaggerni K_v gv_vq daggeriDaggerLB G eBwU daggerjLvi eumlvcvDaggeri
Avwg AbycOumlvwYZ nDaggerqwQ| G eBwU coDaggerj daggerh daggerKvb gvbyl `šmdash weAacutevDaggerbi
GKwU AbumlZg cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy kvLv ADagger_copyvWbwUKm mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy wKQyUv nDaggerjI
aviYv jvf KiDaggere| Avkv Kwi eBwU wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi QvIcirc-QvIcircxDagger`iI
KvDaggerR AvmDaggere|
eBwU mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy daggerh daggerKvb g~jumlevb gZvgZ mywPwšmdashZ civgkcopy mv`Daggeri
MOumlnY Kiv nDaggere|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejDaggerZ PvB mvgvbuml GB cwimDaggeri ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi gZ
wekvj GKwU welqDaggerK mcurrenuacute~YcopyiƒDaggerc ZzDaggerj aiv mcurrencente bq| Avgvi GB paraz ordf
cOumlqvm AvcbvDagger`i mvgvbumlZg DcKvDaggeri GDaggerjI Avgvi cwikordfg mv_copyK
nDaggerqDaggerQ eDaggerj gDaggerb KiDaggerev| mevBDaggerK abumlev`|
10
gvbyl daggermŠrsaquo`Daggerhcopy c~Rvix daggermRbumlB myrsaquo`i gyDaggerLi Rq mecopyIcirc|
gvbyDaggerli daggermŠrsaquo`Daggerhcopyi AbumlZg AjsKvi nDaggerjv myrsaquo`i nvwm| ZvB
GB myrsaquo`i nvwm Kvi bv Kvguml| Avi GB myrsaquo`i nvwmi Rbuml
PvB mymacrrsquo-myrsaquo`i `vuZ| `vuZDaggerK mymacrrsquo ivLvi Rbuml PvB mwVK
cwiPhcopyv| Avi myrsaquo`i nvwm ADaggerbKvsDaggerk wbfcopyi KDaggeri `vuDaggerZi
mwVK webumlvDaggermi Dci| wewfbœ gvbyDaggerli AvuKv evuKv DPz-bxPz
dvuKv `vuZ Avgiv ADaggerbK mgqB daggerLqvj KDaggeri _vwK| `vuDaggerZi Gme
mgmumlv myrsaquo`i nvwmi daggerparaDaggerIcirc cOumlavb Ašmdashivq| G QvovI dagger`Lv dagger`q `vuZ I gvwoi wewfbœ daggerivM
DaggerivMxi K_v ejDaggerZ ev Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri ADaggerbDaggerKB DuPz `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY `yB daggerVvuU eUuml
KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri bv dDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ LyeB Amyrsaquo`i jvDaggerM| daggerivMx cvwievwiK mvgvwRK I gvbwmKfvDaggere
wewfbœ mgmumlvq fyMDaggerZ _vDaggerK| ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcirc daggergDaggerqDagger`i weDaggerqi daggerparaDaggerIcircI evav nDaggerq `vuovq G aiDaggerYi
Amyrsaquo`i `vuZ| wKšlsquo `vuDaggerZi Gme mgmumlv daggerKb nq Gi daggerKvb
mwVK wPwKrmv AvDaggerQ wKbv Zv AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKiB
ARvbv|
`šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi DEumlDaggerivEumli AMOumlMwZi
dDaggerj `vuDaggerZi G aiDaggerYi mgmumlv `~i Kiv Avi daggerKvb eumlvcviB
bv| whwb AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbuPz dvuKv `vuDaggerZi mgmumlv
wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wVK KDaggerib ZvDaggerK ejv nq Orthodontist AvcbvDagger`i myweavDagger_copy Avwg `vuDaggerZi
G aiDaggerYi wKQy mgmumlv KviY cOumlwZKvi I wPwKrmv ctimeswZ wbDaggerq mswparaszligfvDaggere AvDaggerjvPbv Kie hv
cDaggero Avcwb Lye mnDaggerRB eySDaggerZ cviDaggereb Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ daggerKvb mgmumlv AvDaggerQ wKbv hvi Rbuml
Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY Kiv DwPZ| KvDaggerRB ejv hvq Avcwb ev Avcbvi daggerKvb
cwiwPZRb Amyrsaquo`i `vuZ wbDaggerq daggerKvb mgmumlvq fyMDaggerj Orthodontist Gi mvDagger_ daggerhvMvDaggerhvM KDaggeri
Zvi civgcopyk Abyhvqx wPwKrmv wbDaggerq nDaggerZ cvDaggerib gysup3 Siv nvwmi AwaKvix| Avi daggermB nvwmi
wSwjDaggerK Avcbvi Pvicvk nDaggerq DVDaggere AvDaggerjvwKZ|
11
cOumlwZw`b Avwereglsaquovi nDagger‛Q bZzb bZzb wPwKrmv eumlemacrrsquov Ges
ZviB mvDagger_ dagger`Lv w`Dagger‛Q bZzb bZzb daggerivM I mgmumlv| wPwKrmv
weAacutevDaggerbi cwiwa Acwimxg| `šmdash weAacutevDaggerbi wewfbœ welDaggerqi
gDaggerauml ADagger_copyvWbwUKm GKwU AZxe Risbquoix Ges MisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy
welq| `šmdash weAacutevDaggerbi wewfbœ kvLv daggerhgb `vuZ gvwo Ges
gyLMnŸDaggerii kjuml wPwKrmv KhellipwIcircg `vuZ jvMvDaggerbv isbquoU Kumlvbvj wPwKrmv
BZumlvw` welq mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy gvbyDaggerli KgDaggerewk aviYv AvDaggerQ| wKšlsquo ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm katildewU DtradecentvweZ nDaggerqDaggerQ `yOtildewU wMOumlK katilde dagger_DaggerK|
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm = ADagger_copyvm + daggerWvbm = mwVK + `uvZ
ZvnDaggerj ADagger_copyvWbwUKm katildewUi cOumlKhellipZ evsjv cOumlwZkatilde nDagger‛Q Ocirc`vuZ wVK KivOtilde
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm `šmdash weAacutevDaggerbi Ggb GKwU kvLv hv MDaggerelY KDaggeri mvaviY bull`wnK MVb g~jZ
g~DaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerji Ges `vuDaggerZi MVb wbDaggerq Ges GwU AvDaggeriv MDaggerelYv KDaggeri gyDaggerLi mvaviY MVb Kx Kx
KviDaggerY eumlvnZ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges Gi cOumlwZDaggeriva Ges wPwKrmvi Dcvq wbDaggerq hv wbw`copyoacute Rxewe`umlvi
gDaggerauml mxwgZ|
wewfbœ MDaggerelK OcircADagger_copyvWbwUKmDaggerK AvLumlvwqZ KDaggeriDaggerQb wewfbœ fvDaggere| Ocirc`umlv weordfwUk daggermvmvBwU
di w` dividevwW Ae ADagger_copyvWbwUKmOtilde AvLumlvwqZ KDaggeriDaggerQb wbDaggeraeligvsup3fvDaggere
OcircADagger_copyvWbwUKmOtilde -G gyL I daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimes I mcurrencOumlmviY mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy weDaggerePbv I weDaggerkshylY Kiv
nq hv Oslashviv DcDaggerii I wbDaggerPi `vuDaggerZi RvqMv ev Aemacrrsquovb msDaggerkvwaZ nq|
Avgiv ADagger_copyvWbwUKm mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy RvbDaggerj mnDaggerRB eySDaggerZ cvie daggerKvb `vuZ Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere
DaggereDaggero DVDaggerQ DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj wbDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvDagger_ mvgAumlmuml c~Ycopy nDaggerq ebdquowtimes cvDagger‛Q wK bvwK
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz-wbPz dvuKv GDaggerjvDaggergjv iumlayB wK `vuZ bvwK daggerPvqvjUvI DuPz-wbPz wKsev evuKv
`vuZ Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerQ wK bv GZ me cOumlDaggerkœi DEumli Avgiv mnDaggerRB RvbDaggerZ cvwi
12
OcircADagger_copyvWbwUKmOtilde welqUv daggerRDaggerb| iumlay Rvbv daggerKb GB me mgmumlvi mvgvavb w`DaggerZ cvwi
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg| GKUv welq RvbDaggerZ PvBDaggerj ADaggerbK wKQyB Rvbv `iKvi|
ZviciI GB wPwKrmvi cOumlavb wKQy jparauml I DDaggerIumlkuml wbaeligiƒDaggerc ZzDaggerj aiv nDaggerjv-
gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopy ebdquowtimesi Rbuml
ADagger_vcopyWbwUK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopy ebdquowtimes mcurrencente| `vuZDaggerK Zvi macr^vfvweK AemacrrsquovDaggerb
wbDaggerq GDaggerm `vuDaggerZi Ges gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopy ebdquowtimes mcurrencente| GUv AZxe Risbquoix wbaeligiƒc KviDaggerY
gvbyl Amyrsaquo`i `vuZ wbDaggerq daggerh gvbwmK mgmumlvq _vDaggerK Zv Avi nq bv|
cieZcopyx RxeDaggerb mvgvwRK jfrac34vDaggerevDaggerai nvZ dagger_DaggerK wbregKhellipwZ cvIqv hvq|
macr^vfvweKfvDaggere Dci Ges wbDaggerPi daggerVvuDaggerUi Aemacrrsquovb wVK KiDaggerj GwU gvwoDaggerK myiparav KDaggeri Ges
bvK w`Daggerq kbrvbarvm cOumlkbrvbarvm wbDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri|
13
`vuDaggerZi MVDaggerbi Ges KvDaggerRi DbœwZi Rbuml
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg `vuDaggerZi KgcopyparagZv ebdquowtimes cvq| KviY GB wPwKrmvi
gvaumlDaggerg macr^vfvweK Kvgo (Balanced Occlusion with normal over jet amp overbite)
cOumlmacrlsquoZ Kiv nq|
AvuKv evuKv `vuZ wVK Kiv Ges `vuDaggerZi MVDaggerbi macrrsquovwqZiexcl evovDaggerbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg gvbyDaggerli AwZwisup3 `vuZ ev GKB RvqMvq daggerewk `vuZ ev
daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Zvi dDaggerj `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb IjUcvjU G meB wVK Kiv mcurrencente| `vuDaggerZi GB myrsaquo`i
Aemacrrsquovb wVK KiDaggerj cieZcopyxKvDaggerj `vuDaggerZ KumlvwiDaggerRi (daggercvKv LvIqv) gvwoi cOuml`vn BZumlvw` mgmumlv
nq bv|
Abuml `šmdash wPwKrmvi mvnvhumlKvix wnDaggermDaggere
KhellipwIcircg `vuZ emvDaggerbvi Rbuml mwVKfvDaggere RvqMv bullZwi KiDaggerZ|
paray`ordf cwimDaggeri Aiacute wKQy msLumlK DcKvixZv DaggerRDaggerb wbDaggerjb daggerZv
14
Avcbvi myrsaquo`i mvRvDaggerbv Ni hvi me wKQzB cwicvwU| wbfcopyvebvq Avcbvi emevm| hw`
Gi me wKQzB ADaggerMvQvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZvnDaggerj wK fDaggerjv jvMDaggere jvMDaggere bv| wVK daggerZgwbB AvgvDagger`i
DcDaggerii Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUDaggerZ daggergvU 32 wU macrrsquovqx `uvZ _vDaggerK GB 32 wU macrrsquovqx `uvZ Gi macr^vfvweK
Aemacrrsquovb G _vKDaggerj Avcbvi `uvZ dagger`LvDaggere myrsaquo`i mvRvDaggerbv NDaggerii gDaggerZv| hLb `uvZ Zvi mwVK
AemacrrsquovDaggerb _vDaggerK bv ZLb GUv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri GeDaggerov dagger_eDaggerov GDaggerjvDaggergDaggerjv DPz-bxPz AemacrrsquovDaggerb| ZLb
Avcbvi `uvZ Avi mvRvDaggerbv myrsaquo`i AemacrrsquovDaggerb daggerbB daggerbB eDaggerjB dagger`LDaggerZ GiKg| hw` KvDaggeriv `uvZ
Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb daggerbB hv dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMDaggerQ ZvnDaggerj GKRb AfxAacute ADagger_vcopyWbwUdivide nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri Avcbvi cig eUumlz| Dwb cDaggerib mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg Avcbvi `uvZDaggerK myrsaquo`i KiDaggerZ|
ZvnDaggerj AvgvDagger`i mKDaggerji Rvbvi cOumlDaggerqvRb AvmDaggerj `uvDaggerZi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb daggerKvbwU Ges
daggerKv_vq| hvi dDaggerj Avgiv wbDaggerRivB eyDaggerS wbDaggerZ cviDaggerev AvgvDagger`i `uvZ Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerQ
wK bvB|
15
`uvDaggerZi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb wbfcopyi KDaggeri `vuDaggerZi AKnotzmb ev DcDaggerii cvwUi `uvZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi
`uvDaggerZi Kvgo Gi Dci| cOumlKhellipZ ADagger_copy `uvDaggerZi AKnotzmb gvDaggerb nDagger‛Q DcDaggerii cvwUi `uvDaggerZi mvDagger_
bxDaggerPi cvwUi `uvDaggerZi mcurrenuacuteKcopy hLb cvwUOslashq Kvgo dagger`qv ZvDagger`i c~bvcopysM msDaggerhvDaggerM (Cuspal
Occlusion) G iDaggerqDaggerQ|
hLb uvZ Ges `uvDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ Kvgo Zvi meDaggerPDaggerq mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb iDaggerqDaggerQ GgbwK mcurrenuacute~bcopy
KgcopyKZvcopy cwicyYcopy KDaggeri Ges `bdquowoacutebrsaquo`b ZvDaggerK `uvDaggerZi macr^vfvweK Kvgo ev bigvj AKnotzmb eDaggerj|
Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc 1-2wU `uvDaggerZ Aiacute Amacr^vfvweKZv _vKDaggerj I _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
`uvDaggerZi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb`uvDaggerZi macr^vfvweK Kvgo Gi kZcopycedilDaggerjv wbgœiƒc-
1| bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZ cedilDaggerjv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZ MyDaggerjvi Zzjbvq msLumlvMZ w`K w`Daggerq
GKUz mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere| Zvi Kvib nDaggerjv bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZcedilDaggerjv DcDaggerii
daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `uvDaggerZi daggerPDaggerq AvuKvDaggeri daggerQvU|
2| DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZ cedilDaggerjv GKwU wbw`copyoacute `yiZiexcl I KvgDaggeroi gvaumlDaggerg mvgDaggerb Ges wcQDaggerb
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK daggerXDaggerK ivLDaggere|
3| DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclb `uvZ (1st) Gi mvgDaggerb Ges evwnDaggerii w`DaggerK DPuy Ask wU
(Mesio Buccal Cusp) wbDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclb `uvDaggerZi mvgDaggerb Ges evwnDaggerii
gvSvgvwS daggerh uvDaggerZ bumlvq RvqMvq (Buccal Groove) Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
4| DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerQ`b `uvZ wbDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerQ`b Ges AMOumlDaggerclb (1st Premolar)
Gi gaumleZxcopy dvuKv macrrsquovDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
5| wbDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji KZcopyb `uvDaggerZi wKbviv (Incisal Edge) DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji KZcopyb `uvDaggerZi
cbdquoocircDagger`k (Zvjyi w`DaggerK) Gi gaumleZxcopy macrrsquovDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere| hv nDaggerZ nDaggere mwVK `yiZiexcl Ges
mwVK Kvgo mcurrenuacutebœ|
ZvnDaggerj dagger`ix daggerKb Gparazbx 1 wgwbU Avqbvi mvgDaggerb `vwoDaggerq dagger`DaggerL daggerbB AvgvDagger`i `uvZ Ges
`uvDaggerZi Kvgo Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb iDaggerqDaggerQ wK bv
-0-
16
GKwesk kZvatildexDaggerZ wPwKrmv weAacutevb DbœwZi Pig wkLDaggeri Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerQ| GB DbœwZi
daggerRvqvDaggerii mvDagger_ Zvj wgwjDaggerq `šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi AbumlZg cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy kvLv ADagger_vcopyWbwmqv I
GLb AvDaggeriv DbœZ| bvbvwea RwUj mgmumlvi mgvavb nDagger‛Q ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg|
Avmyb Avgiv cwiwPZ nB KZcedilDaggerjv cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy mgmumlvi mDaggerfrac12 hvi mgvavb Lye mnDaggerRB wPwKrmvi
gvaumlDaggerg Kiv hvq|
1 microvDwWs Crowding
GB aiDaggerYi mgmumlvq dagger`Lv hvq daggerPvqvDaggerj `vuZcedilDaggerjv AvuKv evuKv nDaggerq Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerQ ev
daggerPvqvDaggerj chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKvi KviDaggerY GK `vuZ Abuml `vuDaggerZi Dci DDaggerV daggerMDaggerQ|
microvDwWs Crowding
2 daggermacruacutewms (Spacing)
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS
dvuKv RvqMv _vKv|
17
3 wWmDaggercshymDaggergrsaquoU (Displacement)
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq GKwU `vuDaggerZi daggerh RvqMvq Aemacrrsquovb Kivi K_v daggermLvb dagger_DaggerK mDaggeri Abuml
RvqMvq PDaggerj hvq|
wWmDaggercshymDaggergrsaquoU
(Displacement)
4 GKDaggerUvwcK Bivcmb (Ectopic Eruption)
`vuZ Zvi wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV Abuml daggerKvb `vuDaggerZi RvqMvq ev Abuml daggerKvb
Amacr^vfvweK AemacrrsquovDaggerb DDaggerV|
GKDaggerUvwcK Bivcmb
(Ectopic Eruption)
5 Cross Bite ev DDaggereumlv Kvgo Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii daggerPqvDaggerji
mvgDaggerbi `vuZ cedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `uvZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL Ges DcDaggerii
daggerPvqvDaggerji wcQDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ mvgvbuml evBDaggerii
18
w`DaggerK _vDaggerK| GDaggerK Normal Bite ev macr^vfvweK Kvgo eDaggerj| GB Aemacrrsquovi DDaggereumlvwU hLb
NDaggerU ZLb ZvDaggerK Cross Bite ev DDaggereumlv Kvgo eDaggerj|
Cross Bite
ev DDaggereumlv Kvgo
6 (IDaggercb evBU) Open bite
Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerii cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi daggerPqvDaggerji
cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi GKwU macruacutekcopy _vDaggerK| daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` Kvgo dagger`qv Ae rsquovq DcDaggerii cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi msmacruacutekcopy bv _vDaggerK Ges Gi dDaggerj `yB cvwU `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS
dvuKv _vDaggerK ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Open bite eDaggerj|
IDaggercb evBU
(Open bite)
7 wWc evBU (Deep bite)
Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi
GK ZhellipZxqvsk daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL| wKšlsquo daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi cyDaggerivUv daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL ZLb ZvDaggerK Deep bite ev daggerewk Kvgo eDaggerj|
19
(wWc evBU) Deep bite
8 Knotvm 2 gumlvjAKnotzmb
(Class II malocclusion Division 1) GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ macr^vfvweDaggerKi daggerPDaggerq ADaggerbK mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| DcDaggerii cvwUcopyi mvgDaggerbi
`vZcedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK DuPz nq|
Knotvm 2 wWwfkb 1 gumlvjAvKnotzmb
11 Knotvm 3 gumlvjAKnotzmb (Class III Malocclusion)
20
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi cvwcopyUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL
ev DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi Inscisal Edge GDaggerK AcDaggerii DcDaggeri Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| hvDaggerK
Edge To Edge Bite eDaggerj|
Knotvm 3 gumlvjAKnotzmb
12 Zvjy KvUv I daggerVvuU KvUv t
GwU GKwU RbyenMZ mgmumlv ADaggerbDaggerK iumlay daggerVvU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv Avevi ADaggerbDaggerK Dfq
mgmumlv wbDaggerqB RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| AwfAacute wPwKrmKebdquoDaggerrsaquo`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutevi gvaumlDaggerg mwVK
mgDaggerq mwVK wPwKrmv w`Daggerq daggerVvuU I Zvjy KvUv fvDaggerjv Kiv AvRKvj daggerKvb mgmumlvB bq|
21
Zvjy KvUv
daggerVvuU KvUv
DcDaggerii AvDaggerjvPbvq Avwg wKQy mgmumlv Lye mnR fvlvq AvcbvDagger`i eySvDaggerZ daggerPoacutev KDaggeriwQ|
GmKj mgmumlvi mswparaszlig weeiY wfZDaggerii cOumlwZwU AaumlvDaggerq dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev KiwQ|
22
-0-
PROF IIDA JUN ICHI RO DR SAGOR amp
PROF TT YAMAMOTO AT KOREA
23
At IADR Seminar USA
Avcwb nqDaggerZvev Avcbvi wbDaggerRi A_ev daggerKvb wcOumlqRDaggerbi AvuKv evuKv `vuZ wbDaggerq LyeB
`ywethšmdashvMOumlmacr mdash| mywPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg Orthodontist AvcbvDaggerK GB `ywethšmdashv dagger_DaggerK gysup3 KiDaggerZ
cvDaggerib| wKšlsquo Avcwb wK RvDaggerbb daggerKb `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPz bxPz nq Avmyb bxDaggerPi AvDaggerjvPbvi
gvaumlDaggerg Avgiv cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy GB cOumlkœwUi DEumli LyuDaggerR daggerbB|
wewfbœ wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv wewfbœfvDaggere `vuZ AvuKv-evuKv nevi KviY mg~nDaggerK daggerkordfYxetimes
KDaggeriDaggerQb| AvcbvDagger`i Rvbvi myweavDagger_copy Lye mnR fvlvq `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi KviY mg~n wbDaggerP
dagger`qv njt
1| RbyenMZ KviY t K) wkiuml hw` daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| L) wkiumli
RDaggerbyeni mgq gv_vq AvNvZ daggercDaggerj| M) wewfbœ JlDaggerai cvkbrvbarcopy cOumlwZmicroqvi Rbuml|
2| eskMZ KviDaggerYt daggerPvqvj Lye daggerewk eo ev daggerQvU nDaggerj| daggerPvqvDaggerj me `vuZ aDaggeri
ivLvi gZ chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKDaggerj|
3| niDaggergvDaggerbi wewfbœ mgmumlv daggerhgbt Cretinism acromegali _vKDaggerj|
4| daggerPvqvj ev `vuDaggerZi bxDaggerP daggerKvb wUDgvi _vKDaggerj ev AvNvZ daggercDaggerj|
5| fyj ctimeswZDaggerZ Lvevi wMjDaggerj (Improper Swallowing)|
6| gyDaggerL daggerKvb `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKDaggerj|
7| `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AvKhellipwZ Amacr^vfvweK nDaggerj|
8| gyDaggerL AwZwisup3 daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj|
9| DaggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi gDaggerauml jydegvwqZ _vKDaggerj|
10| wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya `vuZ daggerdDaggerj w`Daggerj|
11| `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi ciI ADaggerbKw`b aDaggeri gyDaggerL Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerj|
12| macrrsquovqx daggerKvb `vuZ bv _vKDaggerj|
13| macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVDaggerZ dagger`ix KiDaggerj|
14| AvNvZ daggercDaggerj|
15| DaggerKvb `vuZ mnRfvDaggere DVDaggerZ euml_copy nDaggerj|
16| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv dagger`qv cOumlfbdquowZ AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi
cOumlavb KviYmg~nDaggerZv RvbDaggerjb| Avmyb bv Rvbv AacutevbUvDaggerK KvDaggerR jvMvB| DcDaggerivsup3
24
KviYmg~n hw` KvDaggeriv gvDaggerS dagger`LDaggerZ cvB ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY
KiDaggerZ ewj|
hLb KvDaggeriv gv_vq PzDaggerji cwigvb macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ Kg _vDaggerK ZLb ZvDaggerK KZB bv
`ywethšmdashv MOumlmacr mdash dagger`Lvq| gv_vi Pzjwenxb dvuKv macrrsquovb wKfvDaggere `~i Kiv hvq Zv wbDaggerq daggerhb wPšmdashvi daggerkl
_vDaggerK bv| wVK daggerZgwbfvDaggere wKQy gvbyDaggerli `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMv dagger`Lv hvq| ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcirc
Zviv Abuml gvbyDaggerli mvgDaggerb K_v ejDaggerZ GgbwK cOumlvb LyDaggerj nvmDaggerZI Amacr^wmacrmdash daggereva KDaggeri| hviv dvuKv
`vuDaggerZi mgmumlv fyMDaggerQb ZvDagger`i `ywethšmdashvi w`b daggerkl| ADagger_copyvWbwUKm wPwKrmvi KjumlvDaggerb dvuKv
`vuDaggerZi wPwKrmv GLb Avi daggerKvb mgmumlvB bq|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy
wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
25
mvaviY ADagger_copy Spacing ejDaggerZ Avgiv dvuKv macrrsquovb eywS| wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi fvlvq hLb
g yDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb daggerKvb `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMv _vDaggerK ZLb ZvDaggerK Spacing eDaggerj|
cOumlKviDaggerf` t Spacing `yB aiDaggerYi nDaggerq _vDaggerK|
1) Generalized Spacing daggerPvqvDaggerji me ev AwaKvsk `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv
_vKDaggerj|
2) Localized Spacing `yB ev ZDaggerZvwaK `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerj|
DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `ywU `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerj ZvDaggerK Median
Diastema eDaggerj|
Spacing ev dvuKvi KviY t
1 daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq `vuDaggerZi AvKvi hw` daggerQvU nq
2 RbyenMZfvDaggere daggerKvb `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKDaggerj|
3 Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj|
4 DaggerKvb `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AwZ paraz`ordf nDaggerj|
5 `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerj|
6 wmdivide wUDgvi _vKDaggerj|
7 wRnŸv eo _vKDaggerj| (macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ)
8 `vuZ wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK NyDaggeri daggerMDaggerj
9 GQvov daggerVuvU ev MvDaggerji KviDaggerY A_ev AwZwisup3 daggerKvb `vuZ gyDaggerL _vKDaggerj Zv cvDaggerki
`vuZDaggerK Pressure w`Daggerq mwiDaggerq Spacing KDaggeri|
Spacing wKfvDaggere wbYcopyq Kiv nq t
K) DaggerivMxi gyL MnŸi chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri
L) DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZiƒc ev Model dagger`DaggerL
M) x-ray dagger`DaggerL|
26
Spacing Gi Amyweav mg~nt
duvKv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI daggerivMxi Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv K_v ejvi
mgq daggerKvb daggerKvb katilde macruacuteoacutefvDaggere D‛PviDaggerY mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt
Spacing Gi wPwKrmv Kivi c~Daggerecopy daggerivMxi BwZnvm fvDaggerjvfvDaggere RvbDaggerZ nDaggere Ges
Spacing Gi mcurrencentveuml KviY mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggerZ nDaggere| hw` daggerivMxi Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK
hvi Rbuml `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMvi mbdquowoacute nDagger‛Q ZDaggere daggermB Afumlvm ev` dagger`qvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| ZviciI hw` daggerivMx Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere Habit breaking
appliance eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere| daggerKvb
TumourCyst _vKDaggerj Zv AcmviY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Spacing hw` Lye mvgvbuml cwigvDaggerY nq
Ges daggerivMxi hw` daggerKvb AwfDaggerhvM bv _vDaggerK ZDaggere wPwKrmv bv KivDaggerj I PDaggerj| ZDaggere Spacing
ADaggerbK daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontics wPwKrmv jvMDaggere| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri
wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wK aiDaggerYi wPwKrmv w`Daggereb| Spacing wVK Kivi Rbuml yB aiDaggerYi hšiquest ev
appliance use Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Removable Appliance)
Orthodontist `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ Fixed KDaggeri Appliance wU jvwMDaggerq w`Daggereb
(Fixed appliance) hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggerebv|
hw` `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mvgvbuml dvuKv _vDaggerK ZDaggere `vuDaggerZi iDaggerOi mvDagger_ wgwjDaggerq Filling Kiv
daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
GQvov gyDaggerLi Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS KhellipwIcircg `vuZ ewmDaggerq I Spacing Correction Kiv hvq| DaggerZv
Avcbvi hw` _vDaggerK dvuKv `vuDaggerZi mgmumlv ZDaggere PDaggerj Avmyb AwfAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ| wPwKrmv
KwiDaggerq `vuDaggerZi dvuKv wVK Kisbquob cOumlvY LyDaggerj nvmyb Avi nDaggerq DVyb AvKlcopyYxq|
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mvaviYfvDaggere Crowding ejDaggerZ daggerKvb wKQyi AvwaKumlDaggerK daggerevSvq| wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi
fvlvq gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKvi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi macr^vfvweK webumlvm evavMOumlmacrrsquo nDaggerq daggerh
wekbdquoldquoLjZv mbdquowoacute nq ZvDaggerK Crowding eDaggerj|
KviYmg~nt wewfbœ KviDaggerY gyDaggerL Crowding nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Zvi gDaggerauml DDaggerjshyLDaggerhvMuml
KviYmg~n bxDaggerP Dagger`qv njt
1 gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AvKhellipwZi mvgAumlmuml bv _vKDaggerj|
2 `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj|
3 `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi ADaggerbK AvDaggerM cDaggero daggerMDaggerj
4 macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVDaggerZ dagger`ix nDaggerj
5 AvNvZ daggercDaggerj
6 DaggerKvb `vuZ evowZ _vKDaggerj
7 Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj
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8 daggerPvqvj macr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes bv daggercDaggerj
Crowding wbYcopyqt
1 daggerivMxi gyLMnŸi chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri|
2 DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Model ev cOumlwZiƒc dagger`DaggerL
3 GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL|
Crowding Gi djvdj t
`vuDaggerZi Dci cOumlfvet Gi dDaggerj `vuZ Zvi wbDaggerRi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK NyDaggeri daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri
`vuZ daggernDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri GgbwK daggerKvb daggerKvb `vuZ bvI DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Dci cOumlfve t
1 DaggerivMx mvgvwRKfvDaggere wewfbœ mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
2 DaggermŠrsaquo`hcopynvwb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
3 `vuZ wVKgZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ bv cvivi KviDaggerY `vuZ I gvwoi wewfbœ daggerivDaggerM Avmicrovšmdash
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
4 nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmv t
1 cOumlwZDaggerivag~jK eumlemacrrsquovt
hw` daggerivMxi cwievDaggeri KvDaggeriv `vuDaggerZ Crowding _vDaggerK ZDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist-Gi chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ covi mwVK mgq bv Avmv chcopyšmdash `ya `vuZDaggerK msiparaY Kivi daggerPoacutev KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggerKvb paraqDaggerivM dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerZ daggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml
boacute bv nq|
Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj ZumlvM KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ mwVK mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj Zv wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq daggerdDaggerj dagger`qvi eumlemacrrsquov KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
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gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere avivevwnKfvDaggere wbw`copyoacute wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerK
wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi fvlvq Serial extraction ejv nq|
2 msDaggerkvab g~jK eumlemacrrsquov t
K) DaggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml evovDaggerbv
DaggerPvqvjDaggerK cOumlmvwiZ Kiv
mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK wKQyUv DuPz Kiv
Daggergvjvi `vuZDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerUDaggerb Daggerbqv
vuDaggerZi AvKvi daggerQvU KDaggeri daggerdjv
`vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjv t
Crowding Gi cwigvY Lye daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontist wVK KiDaggereb daggerKvb `vuZwU
daggerdjDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
Crowding Lye daggerewk nDaggerj ev gvSvwi aiDaggerYi nDaggerj Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggerq
Removable ev Fixed daggerh daggerKvb GK aiDaggerYi appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggereb|
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Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi
msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy AvDaggerm| wKšlsquo daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` DcDaggerii cvwUcopyi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy bv
AvDaggerm Ges Gi dDaggerj DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi cvwUcopyi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mecopy`v dvuKv macrrsquovb _vDaggerK Ges gyL
mcurrenuacute~YcopyiƒDaggerc eUuml bv nq ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Open Bite eDaggerj|
mvaviYfvDaggere Open Bite ejDaggerZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi
Kvgo bv jvMvDaggerK daggerevSvq|
Open bite mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ ev wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Open Bite Gi KviY
mg~nt Avfrac12yj weDaggerkl KDaggeri ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Open bite nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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wRnŸv macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ eo _vKDaggerj ev hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjvavdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm
_vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS _vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi
DcDaggerii AsDaggerk (occlusal surface) -G _vDaggerK ZDaggere Open Bite nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
G Qvov daggerivMx hw` Bony Dysplasia Congenital wmwdwjm BZumlvw` daggerivDaggerM fyDaggerM
_vDaggerK ZDaggereI Open bite Gi mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt Open bite Gi wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml mecopycOuml_g daggerivMxDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOuml_Daggerg Open bite nevi KviY
mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggereb| hw` daggerivMxi Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK
ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm `~i Kivi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb
KDaggerib ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm ~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance)
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib daggerivMxDaggerK|
Open bite hw` gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj hvq ZDaggere Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontic
appliance eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri hv Fixed ev Removable daggerh daggerKvb iKgB
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
hw` daggerPvqvDaggerji nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Open bite dagger`Lv hvq Ges daggerivMxi eqm hw` 6-12 eQi
nq ZDaggere Chin cap (Chin cap bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi ev bxDaggerPi w`DaggerKi ebdquowtimes
nIqvDaggerK cOumlwZDaggeriva KDaggeri) Gi mvDagger_ High pull head gear eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nevi ci Ges macrrsquovqx `vuZ me DVvi ci daggerPvqvDaggerji Amacr^vfvweK
ebdquowtimesRwbZ KviDaggerY daggerh Open bite nq Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Surgery Kiv DaggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq KvDaggeriv Open bite Gi mgmumlv _vKDaggerj AvovDaggerj Zvi mgvDaggerjvPbv bv
KDaggeri AvgvDagger`i mKDaggerji DwPZ ZvDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ
ejv| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cieZcopyx KiYxq mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy ejDaggerZ cviDaggereb| Zvui
civgkcopy Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY KiDaggerj Open bite wbivgq Kiv mcurrencente|
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`šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv Class II Malocclusion DaggerK `yB fvDaggerM fvM KDaggeriDaggerQb|
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion
2 Class II division 2 malocclusion
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion t
hw` KvDaggeriv daggerclY `vuDaggerZi mcurrenuacuteKcopy (Molar relation) Class II _vDaggerK Ges DcDaggerii
DaggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZ cedilDaggerjv DPz _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv Class II Division 1 Gi Ašmdashfycopysup3|
Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK
(Convex profile) DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ daggerewk daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL
DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK daggerewk mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| `vuZ DuPz nevi KviDaggerY
daggerivMx ADaggerbK mgq `yB daggerVuvU eUuml KiDaggerZ cvDaggeribv|
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2 Class II division 2 Malocclusion
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc Molar Relation Class II _vKDaggere A_copyvr DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev
Molar `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev Molar `vuDaggerZi dagger_DaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ mvgDaggerb
Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv wKQyUv wfZDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb
KiDaggere| mvaviYZ DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj GKB iKg AemacrrsquovDaggerb _vKDaggere (Straight Profile)
DcDaggerii `vuZcedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK cyDaggerivUv daggerXDaggerK ivLDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`ix bv KDaggeri GKRb Orthodontist daggerK Rvbvb|
Orthodontist wewfbœ chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri wPwKrmv ctimeswZ wVK KiDaggereb|
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Avcbvi AvDaggerk cvDaggerki gvbylcedilDaggerjvDaggerK GKUz fvDaggerjvfvDaggere jpara KiDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggereb daggerewki
fvM gvbyDaggerliB DcDaggeri daggerPvqvj Ges DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji
`vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ mvgvbuml GKUz mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK| Ges GUvB nDaggerjv macr^vfvweK| wKšlsquo wKQy gvbyDaggerli
daggerparaDaggerIcirc Gi DDaggereumlvUv dagger`Lv dagger`q| A_copyvr ZvDagger`i bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK _vDaggerK DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj ev DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ| GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi
fvlvq eDaggerj Class III malocclusion|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
`yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| 1Uv nDaggerjv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY| GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii
cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
35
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi
MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb dagger`DaggerL GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wKfvDaggere wPwKrmv KiDaggerj
daggerivMx mDaggerecopyvEumlg djvdj cvq|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion nq ZDaggere Orthodontic
Treatment A_copyvr iumlaygvIcirc Brace cwoDaggerqB wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere evošmdash ev cwiYZ daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB| ZDaggere Lye daggerewk eqDaggerm wPwKrmv KivDaggerj wPwKrmvi mgq daggereDaggero hvDaggere|
hw` evošmdash eqDaggerm nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion dagger`Lv dagger`q ZDaggere
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvjDaggerK mvgDaggerb Avbvi Rbuml ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvjDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerbqvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK wewfbœ
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aiDaggerYi hšiquest dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri eumlenvDaggerii Rbuml| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Face Mask Chin Cap DDaggerjshyL
daggerhvMuml|
hw` cwiYZ eqDaggerm gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerqi Class III malocclusion hv nvDaggerii MVDaggerbi
KviDaggerY nDaggerqDaggerQ Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ ZDaggere kjuml wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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evBgumlvmiddot
evBgvmiddot `y aiDaggerbi nq| evBgumlvwmiddotjvix cOumlUzordfmb Ges evBgumlvwmiddot jvix cOumlwKnotDaggerbmb| wK KwVb
katilde| Avmyb Lye mnDaggerR daggerRDaggerb daggerbB `uvZ I gvwoi Avi GK mgmumlv hvi bvg evBgvmiddot|
evBgumlvmiddot mgmumlvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj wKsev `uvZ wKsev DfqB mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK DPzu _vDaggerK| dDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv daggerVvU DPzu nDaggerq _vKv GgbwK gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ
cviv mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
mvavibZ `uvZ hw` Zzjbvg~jK fvDaggere eo GgbwK daggerPvqvj jcurren^v wKsev daggerXvK wMjvi mgq
wRnev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK Amacr^vfvweK fvDaggere `uvZDaggerK mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK daggerVjv w`Daggerj GB aiDaggerbi mgmumlv nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| NveovDaggerbvi wKQzB daggerbB GB mgmumlvi mgvavb Lye myrsaquo`i KDaggeri GK AwfAacute ADagger_copyDaggerWbwUdivide
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib| gDaggerb ivLDaggerZ nDaggere cOumlv_wgK Aemacrrsquovq GB mgmumlvi mgvavb KiDaggerj ZZUv RwUjZv nq
bv| eDaggerqvmwUuml KvDaggerji c~Daggere eDaggerqvmmwUuml KvDaggerji mgq Ges cDaggeri wPwKrmv eumlemacrrsquov cbdquo_K cbdquo_K nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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myrsaquo`Daggerii c~Rvix mKDaggerjB ZvB GB mgmumlv mgvavb KDaggeri
Avcwb nDaggerq DVyb myrsaquo`i `uvZ I nvwmi AwaKvix
39
daggerMR `vuZ(High Canine) DPz KZcopyb `vuZ t
AvgvDagger`i gyDaggerL eqm 5 eQi chcopyšmdash daggerh 20 wU `vuZ _vDaggerK Zvi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ
_vDaggerK| eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ 20wU `ya `vuZ hLb cDaggero wMDaggerq macrrsquovqx `vuZ DDaggerV ZLbI daggergvU
32wU `vuDaggerZi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ _vDaggerK| G KZcopyb `uvZcedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi 4wU daggerKvbvq AewmacrrsquoZ| ZvB
GDagger`iDaggerK Corner Stone of mouth eDaggerj| bvg iumlbDaggerjB daggerevSv hvq G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Lv`uml`ordfeumlDaggerK
KZcopyb KiDaggerZ Ges wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri| G `vuZ cedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK kwsup3kvjx| KviY G `vuDaggerZi
GbvDaggergDaggerji cyisbquoZiexcl Daggerewk Ges mvgDaggerbi 4wU `vuDaggerZi (Pecopyb `vuZ-Incisor tooth) ciciB
AewmacrrsquoZ| daggerKvb daggerKvb mgq wewfbœ KviY ekZt G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Zvi wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK wfbœ
AemacrrsquovDaggerb dagger`Lv hvq| hw` G `vuZcedilDaggerjv gvwoi gDaggerauml ev DcDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri ZLb ZvDaggerK
High Canine ev daggerMR `vuZ ejv nq| Avevi KLDaggerbv GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv Zvjyi w`K w`Daggerq DDaggerV|
ZLb GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK Palataly placed canine eDaggerj| Avevi KLDaggerbv I gvwo ev Zvjyi wfZDaggeri
G `vuZ Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| ZLb ZvDaggerK Impacted Canine ejv nq| GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi gDaggerauml
AZxe Risbquoix PviwU `vuZ| GB `vuZ daggerhgb Lv`uml`ordfeuml KZcopyb I wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri cvkvcvwk
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daggerPvqvDaggerji bovPovDaggerK wbqšiquestY KDaggeri| GB `vuZDaggerK Beauty tooth I ejv nq| ZvB G `vuDaggerZi
mvwietimesfvDaggere webumlvm LyeB Risbquoix|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ daggerh KDaggerqKwU mgmumlv ZzDaggerj aiv nDaggerjv G mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi mgvavb LyeB Risbquoix|
hw` daggerKD GiKg daggerKvb mgmumlvq fyDaggerM _vDaggerKb ZDaggere AwfAacute Orthodontist -B nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
Avcbvi myrsaquo`i nvwm wdwiDaggerq dagger`qvi cig eUumlz|
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daggerVvuU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerki wkiumlDagger`i GKwU AbumlZg
mgmumlv| wewfbœ MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv wMDaggerqDaggerQ cOumlwZ 700 RDaggerb 1 Rb daggerVvuU KvUv Ges cOumlwZ 1000 RDaggerb
1 Rb wkiuml Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| daggerVvuU KvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggerQDaggerj wkiumlDagger`i Ges
ZvjyKvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggergDaggerq-wkiumlDagger`i gvDaggerS|
wewfbœ KviDaggerY wkiuml daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri _vDaggerK| kZKiv 25 fvM daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GUv eskMZ KviDaggerY nDaggerq _vDaggerK| hw` 1 Rb ZvjyKvUv daggerivMx 1 Rb mymacrrsquo gvbylDaggerK weDaggerq KDaggeri ZDaggere
ZvDagger`i ev‛Pvi ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kivi mcurrencentvebv kZKiv 2 fvM|
Mfcopyvemacrrsquovi cOuml_g fvDaggerM gv hw` daggerKvb fvBivj BbDaggerdKkDaggerb Avmicrovšmdash nq ev kvixwiKfvDaggere
AvNvZcOumlvszlig nq ev niDaggergvDaggerbi fvimvgumlnxbZvq fyDaggerM ev wfUvwgDaggerbi AfvDaggere fyDaggerM _vDaggerK ev
daggeriwWDaggerqkDaggerb GmiddotDaggercvR nq ev _umlvwjDaggerWvgvBW RvZxq Ilya MOumlnY KDaggeri ZDaggere wkiumli daggerVvuU ev
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| KvDaggerQi AvZyenxq macr^RDaggerbi gvDaggerS weDaggerq nDaggerjI wkiuml G mgmumlv
wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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DaggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq wkiuml RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerj cwieviDaggerK bvbv aiDaggerYi mvgvwRK I gvbwmK
mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ nq| wkiuml hLb GB mgmumlv wbDaggerq eo nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZLb daggermI gvbwmKfvDaggere
nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ _vDaggerK| G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ K_v
ejDaggerZ I iumlbDaggerZ mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| `vuDaggerZi mgmumlvi gDaggerauml hv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Zvi gDaggerauml AbumlZg
nDagger‛Q-wewfbœ `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKv `vuZ wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV gyDaggerLi Abuml daggerKvb RvqMvq
DVv evowZ wKQy `vuZ _vKv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb ksup3 bv nIqv `vuDaggerZi MVb myrsaquo`i bv nIqv
gvwoi wewfbœ mgmumlv `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPy-bxPz nIqv|
daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv daggerivMxDagger`i wPwKrmv weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmKDagger`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutev Qvov mcurrencente
bq| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Orthodontist Gi f~wgKv iumlisbquo nq ev‛Pvi RDaggerbyeni ci ciB| daggerhDaggernZz daggerVvuU I
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv nq daggermRbuml wkiumli RDaggerbyeni ci ciB
gyDaggerLi wfZi covi Rbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b daggerhb wkiumli daggerLDaggerZ
daggerKvb mgmumlv bv nq|
kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wkiumli 3-6 gvm eqDaggerm daggerVvuU I 1-2 eQi eqDaggerm Zvjy wVK KiDaggerZ
nDaggere GKRb AwfAacute kjuml wPwKrmK Oslashviv| kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg daggerVvuU I Zvjy wVK Kivi ci
wkiumli DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj hvDaggerZ msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GK aiDaggerYi
Appliance ev hšiquest bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b|
wkiumli Mixed dentition stage (6-12 eQi eqm) -G gyDaggerL daggerKvb AwZwisup3 `vuZ
_vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GQvov mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Cross bite _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuZ
AvuKv evKv _vKDaggerj ev Molar ev daggerclY `vDaggerZi Relation wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere Removable ev Fixed appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo
KiDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
me macrrsquovqx `vuZ PDaggerj Avmvi ci macrrsquovqxfvDaggere daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Kvgo (Occlusion
improve) wVK Kivi Rbuml Fixed ev Removable appliance w`Daggerq Orthodontist
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb Ges daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggereb|
GB mgDaggerq gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyDaggerK wVK Kivi Rbuml cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj Bony Graft Kiv daggerhDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| Gi dDaggerj Orthodontic treatment Gi daggerh djvdj ZvI Aparazbœ _vKDaggere|
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daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLvi ci Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere daggerivMxDaggerK
Permanent Retainer bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv daggerivMxDaggerK me mgq cDaggero _vKDaggerZ nDaggere|
Amacrlsaquovi weRqx DaggerRvqvDaggerKb wdwbmiddot RDaggerbyeni mgq daggerVvuU KvuUv wQj
daggerVvuU KuvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv daggerKvb Awfkvc bq| mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg
GDaggerK mvwiDaggerq daggerZvjv mcurrencente| `iKvi iumlay mevi mDaggerPZbZv Avi mwVK mgDaggerq weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri daggerm Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY Kiv|
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ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerKvb eqDaggerm iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ Zv AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKiB ARvbv|
ADaggerbK AwffveKB eySDaggerZ cvDaggerib bv wkiumli ADagger_copyvWbwUK mgmumlvi Rbuml daggerKvb eqDaggerm
Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| AAacutevbZvi Rbuml ev Abuml daggerKvb wOslashav-OslashDaggerrsaquo`i
KviDaggerY Zviv ADaggerbK mgqB ADaggerbK dagger`ix KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb wPwKrmvi
Rbuml| dDaggerj wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc wPwKrmvi eumlvwszligKvj daggereDaggero hvq| wKQyDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK
chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc
wPwKrmvi djvdj Avkvbyiƒc nq bv| KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv KZUv
Risbquoix| GLb Avwg ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi eqm mxgv wbDaggerq AvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri AvcbvDagger`i
wKQyUv nDaggerjI aviYv dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev Kie|
AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerk ADaggerbK wkiumlB daggerVvuU ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| Kzmsmacrlsaquoviv‛Qbœ
gvbyliv GDaggerK Awfkvc ev fvDaggerMumli wjLb gDaggerb KDaggeri nvZ cv cedilwUDaggerq eDaggerm _vDaggerK daggerKvb wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri bv| wKšlsquo gDaggerb ivLDaggereb daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumli
AwffveKDagger`i DwPZ RDaggerbyeni ci ciB GKRb AwfAacute Orhodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY Kiv|
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KviY G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i RDaggerbyeni ciB cOumlavb I cOuml_g daggerh mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q Zv nDaggerjv Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mgmumlv| Orthodontist Gmgq GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv wkiumlDaggerK Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml LyeB parawZKi GKwU Afumlvm|
mvaviYZ `yB dagger_DaggerK wZb eQi eqDaggermi gDaggerauml Avcbv Avcwb wkiuml G AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KDaggeri daggerdDaggerj|
wKšlsquo ZviciI hw` wkiuml AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere AwffveKDagger`i Gi parawZKi w`KwU
mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere Ges microgvMZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv PjDaggerZ _vKDaggerj wkiumlDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj G AfumlvmwU
`~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance) bullZwi KDaggeri w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib
hvDaggerZ KDaggeri fwelumlDaggerZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi KviDaggerY wkiumli `vuDaggerZi webumlvm AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv hvq|
mvaviYZ 5-6 eQi eqm dagger_DaggerK wkiumlDagger`i `ya `vuZ coDaggerZ iumlisbquo KDaggeri| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK mgq
dagger`Lv hvq AvNvZ RwbZ paraq RwbZ ev Abuml daggerKvb daggerivDaggerMi KviDaggerY wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya
`vuZ cDaggero hvq ev daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| `vuZ covi ci daggerh dvuKv RvqMvwU _vDaggerK daggerm RvqMvwU ZLb
`yB cvDaggerki `vuZ w`Daggerq eUuml nDaggerq hvq| dDaggerj rsquovqx `vuZ DVvi Rbuml chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv daggercDaggerq
Amacr^vfvweK daggerKvb RvqMvq `vuZ DDaggerV Ges `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi mcurrencentvebv daggereDaggero hvq| GB dvuKv
macrrsquovbwU hvDaggerZ cvDaggerki `vuZ Oslashviv eUuml bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl hšiquest bullZwi
KDaggeri w`Daggereb hvDaggerK Space maintainer eDaggerj| KvDaggerRB daggerKvb `ya`vuZ hw` Zvi wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi
AvDaggerM cDaggero hvq ZDaggere dagger`ix bv KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi mvDagger_ dagger`Lv Kisbquob|
ADaggerbK ev‛PvDagger`i dagger`Lv hvq DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj daggerewk evoDaggerQ ev hZUzKz evovi K_v
ZZUzKz evoDaggerQ bv| Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc evošmdash eqDaggerm (6-12) Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cOumlDaggerqvRb AbymvDaggeri Face
mask ev Chin cap eumlenvi KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb hv ev‛Pvi DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimesDaggerK
mwVK AmacrrsquovDaggerb wbDaggerZ mnvqZv KiDaggere|
DaggerVuvU I ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i daggerVvuU I Zvjy kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wVK
Kivi ci mwVK mgq Orthodontist Gmiddotcvbmb macrŒz (Expansion screw) ZvjyDaggerZ jvwMDaggerq
dagger`b hvDaggerZ DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq| G wkiumlDagger`i 8-10 eQi eqDaggerm bone
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grafting Kivi Rbuml kjuml wPwKrmKDaggerK cOumlDaggerqvRbxq civgkcopy I mnvqZv w`Daggerq _vDaggerKb
Orthodontist|
6-12 eQi eqDaggerm hLb wkiumli gyDaggerL `ya I macrrsquovqx Dfq cOumlKvi `vuZ we`umlgvb ZLb hw`
`vuDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo (Cross bite) daggerewk Kvgo (Deep bite) dagger`Lv hvq ZDaggere
Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRbxq eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggereb hvDaggerZ fwelumlDaggerZ KvgocedilDaggerjv AvDaggeriv Lvivc -Gi w`DaggerK
bv hvq|
`ya `vuZ me cDaggero hvevi ci I macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVvi ci AvuKv evuKv DuPz -bxPz `vuZ wVK
Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS Removable Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ
ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere) ev Fixed Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere bv) w`Daggerq
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb|
ADaggerbDaggerKiB gDaggerbB cOumlkœ _vDaggerK daggerh daggerewk eqDaggerm Orthodontic wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere wKbv|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuZ nvo I GDagger`i mvDagger_ mcurrenuacuteKcopyhysup3 structure cedilDaggerjv fvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZDaggere daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv Kiv mcurrencente|
cOumlvszlig eqDaggerm hw` DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj hw` Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes daggercDaggerq _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv
wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj kjuml wPwKrmvi Oslashvimacrrsquo nDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi mdjZv wbfcopyi KDaggeri wPwKrmDaggerKi AwfAacuteZv daggerivMx I Zvi
AwffveDaggerKi mnDaggerhvwMZv I mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi Dci|
gDaggerb ivLDaggereb mgDaggerqi GK daggerdvuo AmgDaggerqi `k daggerdvuo| mwVK mgDaggerq mwVK KvRwU KiDaggerj
Avcwb daggerh djvdj cvDaggereb dagger`ix KDaggeri KvRwU KiDaggerj daggermB djvdj Avcwb bvI daggercDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
Avcbvi daggerKvb wbKURDaggerbi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj mwVK mgDaggerq Orthodontist
Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggerZ fyjDaggereb bv daggerhb|
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Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Dci Bracket
ev Brace covDaggerbv _vDaggerK| Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq
Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv wbDagger`kcopyvejx wVKgZ daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj wPwKrmv cieZcopyx RwUjZv dagger`Lv
dagger`evi mcurrencentvebv LyeB Kg|
Fixed Orthodontic treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq gyL I `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZ weDaggerkl hZœ wbDaggerZ
nDaggere| daggerhme welDaggerqi Dci daggerewk daggerewk bRi ivLDaggerZ nDaggere Zv bxDaggerP dagger`qv nDaggerjvt
1 daggerhw`b daggerivMxi gyDaggerL Bracket emvDaggerbv nDaggere Zvici dagger_DaggerK 24 NrsaquoUv chcopyšmdash ksup3 Lvevi
LvIqv DwPZ bq| GDaggerZ Bracket LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| H 24 NrsaquoUv Lye daggerRvDaggeri daggerRvDaggeri `vuZ
eordfvk Kiv I DwPZ bq| daggerivMx Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv civgkcopy Abyhvqx `vuZ eordfvk
KiDaggere I macr^vfvweK Lvevi LvDaggere|
2 Bracket covDaggerbvi 2-3 w`b chcopyšmdash daggerivMxi GKUz Amacr^wmacrmdash nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GDaggerZ fDaggerqi wKQy
daggerbB| gyDaggerL bZzb wKQy wRwbm emvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2-3 w`b ci Zv AfumlvDaggerm cwiYZ nDaggerq
hvDaggere|
3 cOumlwZevi Lvevi LvIqvi ci AekumlB `vuZ fvDaggerjvfvDaggere eordfvk KiDaggerZ nDaggere| mKvDaggerj I ivDaggerZ
daggerdnotvivBW hysup3 Uz_Daggercdivide w`Daggerq `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggere| Abumlvbuml mgq Uz_ daggercoacute Qvov eordfvk KiDaggerjI
PjDaggere|
4 cOumlwZ wZb (3) gvm ci ci Uz_eordfvk e`j KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Uz_eordfvDaggerki weordfmampjcedilDaggerjv daggerhb big
(Medium soft) nq Zv daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
5 Bracket ev appliance -Gi Dci bxDaggerP 45 daggerKvDaggerY eordfvk aDaggeri `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
6 Lye daggerRvDaggeri Pvc w`Daggerq eordfvk Kiv hvDaggere bv| GDaggerZ KDaggeri Appliance LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
7 `vuDaggerZi daggerh cvDaggerk Appliance AvDaggerQ daggermB cvDaggerk Appliance -Gi Dci AvjDaggerZvfvDaggere
NywiDaggerq NywiDaggerq eordfvk KDaggeri `vuZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| `vuDaggerZi Abumlvbuml cvkcedilDaggerjvI daggerhb
fvDaggerjvfvDaggere cwireglsaquovi Kiv nq daggermw`DaggerK daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
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8 cOumlwZevi Lvevi Gi ci eordfvk Kiv mcurrencente bv nDaggerj LyefvDaggerjv KDaggeri KzjKzwP KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
9 `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerSi gqjv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Dental Floss eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
DaggerKvb KvwV ev myuB w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerLvPvDaggerbv hvDaggere bv|
10 wRnŸv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Tongue Cleanser eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
11 cOumlDaggerqvRDaggerb fvDaggerjv Mouth Wash eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere ZDaggerewPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy
Abyhvqx|
12 `vuDaggerZi gvwo Avfrac12yj w`Daggerq Massage Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
13 daggerKvb appliance daggerfDaggerfrac12 daggerMDaggerj ev LyDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ev Appliance Gi KviDaggerY gyDaggerL daggerKvb
mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj dagger`ix bv KDaggeri mDaggerfrac12 mDaggerfrac12 Orthondontist-Gi civgkcopy wbDaggerZ nDaggere|
14 wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq ksup3 Lvevi (nvo AvL) LvIqv cwinvi KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
15 AvVvDaggerjv RvZxq Lvevi (PzBs Mvg) LvIqv ev` w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
16 daggercqviv AvDaggercj ev daggerh daggerKvb ksup3 Lvevi Kvgo w`Daggerq bv daggerLDaggerq daggerQvU daggerQvU UzKiv KDaggeri
daggerLDaggerZ nDaggere|
17 Orthodontist DaggerhfvDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK AvmDaggerZ ejDaggereb (1gvm ci ci) AekumlB Zv cvjb
KiDaggerZ nDaggere| bv nDaggerj daggerivMxi wPwKrmv daggerkl nDaggerZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi daggerewk jvMDaggere|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbPz `vuZ wVK Kivi Rbuml daggerhgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Oslashviv mwVK wPwKrmv daggerZgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerivMx Ges daggerivMxi AwffveDaggerKi
mnDaggerhvwMZv Ges Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy Abyhvqx Pjv| ZDaggereB DaggerivMx wPwKrmv DaggerkDaggerl cvDaggere
KvwldquoparaZ myrsaquo`i `vuZ|
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mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
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mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ dnotwms
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daggerQvAElig GKwU evMvDaggerb hw` ADaggerbKcedilDaggerjv MvQ daggereDaggero DVDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZDaggere ADaggerbK MvDaggerQi macr^vfvweK ebdquowtimes
weboacute nq Ges evMvbwU wKQyw`b ci Nb Rfrac12Daggerj cwiYZ nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK| ZLb hw` daggermLvb
dagger_DaggerK wKQy MvQ daggerKDaggerU daggerdjv nq ZDaggere evMvbwUi evKxMvQcedilDaggerjv iparav daggercDaggerq macr^vfvweKfvDaggere daggereDaggero
DVDaggere|
daggerZgwb gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerh cwigvY RvqMv AvDaggerQ Zvi daggerPDaggerq hw` `vuDaggerZi msLumlv daggerewk wKsev
`vuZ Lye daggerekx AvuKv evKv DuPz `uvZ _vKDaggerj ZDaggere Zv wVK KDaggeri `vuZDaggerK mywebumlvmacrmdash myrsaquo`i KDaggeri
daggerZvjvi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgq daggerivMxi wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB daggerivMx ev
Zvi AwffveK `vuZ daggerZvjvi K_v iumlbDaggerj fq cvq| Zviv fvDaggere `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ ADaggerbK euml_v
jvMDaggere ev daggerPvDaggerLi daggereordfBDaggerbi hw` daggerKvb parawZ nq| Zviv Orthodontist daggerK `vuZ bv ZzDaggerj
wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml AbyDaggeriva KDaggeri _vDaggerK| wKšlsquo ZvDagger`i G mKj aviYv mcurrenuacute~Ycopy Ag~jK| `vuZ
ZzjDaggerj daggerPvDaggerLi ev daggereordfBDaggerbi daggerKvb parawZ nqbv| GKRb AwfAacute wPwKrmK ZvB KiDaggereb hv KiDaggerj
daggerivMxi wPwKrmv fvDaggerjvfvDaggere mcurrenuacutebœ nDaggere Ges daggerivMx I Zvi AwffveK mšlsquowoacute jvf KiDaggere| Avi
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM wbw copyoacute rsquovb fvDaggerjvfvDaggere Aek KDaggeri wbDaggerj Ges wPwKrmDaggerKi dagger`qv DcDagger`k `vuZ
daggerZvjvi w`b I cieZcopyx KDaggerqKw`b mwVKfvDaggere daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj `vuZ daggerZvjvi ci daggerivMxi daggerZgb daggerKvb
Amyweav nq bv ejDaggerjB PDaggerj|
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`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM
`vuZ daggerZvjvi cDaggeri
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ADaggerbDaggerKB AvDaggerQb hviv ivDaggerZ NygvDaggerbvi AvDaggerM Ges mKvDaggerj bvmacrmdashv Lvevi ci `vuZ eordfvk
KDaggerib `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Kvj wejcurren^ bv KDaggeri `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggerib
`vuDaggerZi mymacrrsquoZvi Rbuml hv hv `iKvi Zviv Zv-B KDaggerib| GmeB nDaggerjv fvDaggerjv Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi
Rbuml LyeB DcKvix|
wKšlsquo Ggb wKQy Afumlvm AvDaggerQ hv gyL I `vuDaggerZi macr^vDaggermacrrsquoumli Rbuml LyeB parawZKi| Gme
e`AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi bvbv aiDaggerYi mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q| GB AfumlvmcedilDaggerjvi gDaggerauml Avfrac12yj
daggerPvlv wRnŸampv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv ev daggerVjv dagger`Iqv daggerKvb mgmumlv bv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI gyL w`Daggerq wbkbrvbarvm
daggerbqv daggerVvuU I bL KvgovDaggerbv AbumlZg|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK| evev gv hw` GUv daggerLqvj KDaggerib ZDaggere wkiumlDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere daggerh Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv Lvivc| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz nDaggerq hvq ADaggerbK mgq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bvI coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Open bite) bxDaggerPi
54
daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZcedilDaggerjv msKzwPZ nDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK hZUzKz daggerXDaggerK ivLv
DwPZ Zv KDaggerg daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerbvi ci I hw` Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm bv KDaggerg ZDaggere wkiumli 2-3 eQi eqm
chcopyšmdash ADaggercparav KiDaggerZ nDaggere| ADaggerbK mgq 3 eQi eqDaggermi ci wkiumli GB Afumlvm PDaggerj hvq|
ZviciI hw` wkiuml G Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere GKRb AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12
civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| wPwKrmK `iKvi gDaggerb nDaggerj daggerKvb Appliance ev hšiquest w`Daggereb hv
wkiumlDaggerK GB Afumlvm `~i KiDaggerZ mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wkiumli hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK ZDaggere DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DPuy nDaggerq hvq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bv coDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerivMx gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri
wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq Avcbvi daggermvbvgwbi hw` Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml
parawZKi ZDaggere cOuml_DaggergB ZvDaggerK eySvb| ZvDaggerZ KvR bv nDaggerj Aemacrrsquov hvDaggerZ AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv
hvq daggermRbuml AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy Kisbquob|
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OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
56
CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
57
KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
59
GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
60
ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
61
daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
8
myPxcIcirc
myPxcIcirc
1 f~wgKv
2 myrsaquo`i nvwm AvgvDagger`i mevi Kvguml
3 ADagger_copyvWbwUKm AZxe Risbquoix I cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy
4 `uvDaggerZi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb
5 ADagger_copyvWbwUK wKQy mgmumlv `vuZ I gyDaggerLi wKQy mgmumlv
6 `vuZ AvuKv evuuKv nevi KviY mg~n
7 dvuKv `vuZ Spacing
8 microvDwWs Crowding
9 IDaggercb evBU Open bite
10 Knotvk 2 gumlvjKzDaggerjkb Class II maloclusion
11 Knotvk w_ordf gumlvjKzDaggerjkb Class III maloclusion
12 evBgumlvmiddot
13 daggerMuR `vuZ
14 daggerKnotdUamp wjc GUcirc cumlvDaggerjU Cleft lip amp palate
15 ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi eqm
16 ADagger_vcopyWbwUK wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgq daggerivMxi KiYxq
17 ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerparaDaggerIcirc `vuZ daggerZvjvi cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZv
18 wKQy Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml parawZKi
19 ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cOumlDaggerqvRbxqZv
20 daggereordfm - Avcbvi Rbuml wK Risbquoix
9
f~wgKv
gvbyl daggerKŠZznj wcOumlq| ARvbv daggerKvb welq wbDaggerq Rvbvi AvMOumln
gvbyDaggerli cOumlej| hyDaggerMi mvDagger_ Zvj wgwjDaggerq Zviv daggerek mDaggerPZbI| wPwKrmv
weAacutevDaggerbi wewfbœ w`K mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy RvbDaggerZ Zviv LyeB AvMOumlnx| mvaviY
gvbyDaggerli Gme AvMOumlDaggerni K_v gv_vq daggeriDaggerLB G eBwU daggerjLvi eumlvcvDaggeri
Avwg AbycOumlvwYZ nDaggerqwQ| G eBwU coDaggerj daggerh daggerKvb gvbyl `šmdash weAacutevDaggerbi
GKwU AbumlZg cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy kvLv ADagger_copyvWbwUKm mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy wKQyUv nDaggerjI
aviYv jvf KiDaggere| Avkv Kwi eBwU wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi QvIcirc-QvIcircxDagger`iI
KvDaggerR AvmDaggere|
eBwU mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy daggerh daggerKvb g~jumlevb gZvgZ mywPwšmdashZ civgkcopy mv`Daggeri
MOumlnY Kiv nDaggere|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejDaggerZ PvB mvgvbuml GB cwimDaggeri ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi gZ
wekvj GKwU welqDaggerK mcurrenuacute~YcopyiƒDaggerc ZzDaggerj aiv mcurrencente bq| Avgvi GB paraz ordf
cOumlqvm AvcbvDagger`i mvgvbumlZg DcKvDaggeri GDaggerjI Avgvi cwikordfg mv_copyK
nDaggerqDaggerQ eDaggerj gDaggerb KiDaggerev| mevBDaggerK abumlev`|
10
gvbyl daggermŠrsaquo`Daggerhcopy c~Rvix daggermRbumlB myrsaquo`i gyDaggerLi Rq mecopyIcirc|
gvbyDaggerli daggermŠrsaquo`Daggerhcopyi AbumlZg AjsKvi nDaggerjv myrsaquo`i nvwm| ZvB
GB myrsaquo`i nvwm Kvi bv Kvguml| Avi GB myrsaquo`i nvwmi Rbuml
PvB mymacrrsquo-myrsaquo`i `vuZ| `vuZDaggerK mymacrrsquo ivLvi Rbuml PvB mwVK
cwiPhcopyv| Avi myrsaquo`i nvwm ADaggerbKvsDaggerk wbfcopyi KDaggeri `vuDaggerZi
mwVK webumlvDaggermi Dci| wewfbœ gvbyDaggerli AvuKv evuKv DPz-bxPz
dvuKv `vuZ Avgiv ADaggerbK mgqB daggerLqvj KDaggeri _vwK| `vuDaggerZi Gme
mgmumlv myrsaquo`i nvwmi daggerparaDaggerIcirc cOumlavb Ašmdashivq| G QvovI dagger`Lv dagger`q `vuZ I gvwoi wewfbœ daggerivM
DaggerivMxi K_v ejDaggerZ ev Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri ADaggerbDaggerKB DuPz `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY `yB daggerVvuU eUuml
KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri bv dDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ LyeB Amyrsaquo`i jvDaggerM| daggerivMx cvwievwiK mvgvwRK I gvbwmKfvDaggere
wewfbœ mgmumlvq fyMDaggerZ _vDaggerK| ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcirc daggergDaggerqDagger`i weDaggerqi daggerparaDaggerIcircI evav nDaggerq `vuovq G aiDaggerYi
Amyrsaquo`i `vuZ| wKšlsquo `vuDaggerZi Gme mgmumlv daggerKb nq Gi daggerKvb
mwVK wPwKrmv AvDaggerQ wKbv Zv AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKiB
ARvbv|
`šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi DEumlDaggerivEumli AMOumlMwZi
dDaggerj `vuDaggerZi G aiDaggerYi mgmumlv `~i Kiv Avi daggerKvb eumlvcviB
bv| whwb AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbuPz dvuKv `vuDaggerZi mgmumlv
wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wVK KDaggerib ZvDaggerK ejv nq Orthodontist AvcbvDagger`i myweavDagger_copy Avwg `vuDaggerZi
G aiDaggerYi wKQy mgmumlv KviY cOumlwZKvi I wPwKrmv ctimeswZ wbDaggerq mswparaszligfvDaggere AvDaggerjvPbv Kie hv
cDaggero Avcwb Lye mnDaggerRB eySDaggerZ cviDaggereb Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ daggerKvb mgmumlv AvDaggerQ wKbv hvi Rbuml
Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY Kiv DwPZ| KvDaggerRB ejv hvq Avcwb ev Avcbvi daggerKvb
cwiwPZRb Amyrsaquo`i `vuZ wbDaggerq daggerKvb mgmumlvq fyMDaggerj Orthodontist Gi mvDagger_ daggerhvMvDaggerhvM KDaggeri
Zvi civgcopyk Abyhvqx wPwKrmv wbDaggerq nDaggerZ cvDaggerib gysup3 Siv nvwmi AwaKvix| Avi daggermB nvwmi
wSwjDaggerK Avcbvi Pvicvk nDaggerq DVDaggere AvDaggerjvwKZ|
11
cOumlwZw`b Avwereglsaquovi nDagger‛Q bZzb bZzb wPwKrmv eumlemacrrsquov Ges
ZviB mvDagger_ dagger`Lv w`Dagger‛Q bZzb bZzb daggerivM I mgmumlv| wPwKrmv
weAacutevDaggerbi cwiwa Acwimxg| `šmdash weAacutevDaggerbi wewfbœ welDaggerqi
gDaggerauml ADagger_copyvWbwUKm GKwU AZxe Risbquoix Ges MisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy
welq| `šmdash weAacutevDaggerbi wewfbœ kvLv daggerhgb `vuZ gvwo Ges
gyLMnŸDaggerii kjuml wPwKrmv KhellipwIcircg `vuZ jvMvDaggerbv isbquoU Kumlvbvj wPwKrmv
BZumlvw` welq mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy gvbyDaggerli KgDaggerewk aviYv AvDaggerQ| wKšlsquo ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm katildewU DtradecentvweZ nDaggerqDaggerQ `yOtildewU wMOumlK katilde dagger_DaggerK|
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm = ADagger_copyvm + daggerWvbm = mwVK + `uvZ
ZvnDaggerj ADagger_copyvWbwUKm katildewUi cOumlKhellipZ evsjv cOumlwZkatilde nDagger‛Q Ocirc`vuZ wVK KivOtilde
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm `šmdash weAacutevDaggerbi Ggb GKwU kvLv hv MDaggerelY KDaggeri mvaviY bull`wnK MVb g~jZ
g~DaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerji Ges `vuDaggerZi MVb wbDaggerq Ges GwU AvDaggeriv MDaggerelYv KDaggeri gyDaggerLi mvaviY MVb Kx Kx
KviDaggerY eumlvnZ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges Gi cOumlwZDaggeriva Ges wPwKrmvi Dcvq wbDaggerq hv wbw`copyoacute Rxewe`umlvi
gDaggerauml mxwgZ|
wewfbœ MDaggerelK OcircADagger_copyvWbwUKmDaggerK AvLumlvwqZ KDaggeriDaggerQb wewfbœ fvDaggere| Ocirc`umlv weordfwUk daggermvmvBwU
di w` dividevwW Ae ADagger_copyvWbwUKmOtilde AvLumlvwqZ KDaggeriDaggerQb wbDaggeraeligvsup3fvDaggere
OcircADagger_copyvWbwUKmOtilde -G gyL I daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimes I mcurrencOumlmviY mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy weDaggerePbv I weDaggerkshylY Kiv
nq hv Oslashviv DcDaggerii I wbDaggerPi `vuDaggerZi RvqMv ev Aemacrrsquovb msDaggerkvwaZ nq|
Avgiv ADagger_copyvWbwUKm mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy RvbDaggerj mnDaggerRB eySDaggerZ cvie daggerKvb `vuZ Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere
DaggereDaggero DVDaggerQ DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj wbDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvDagger_ mvgAumlmuml c~Ycopy nDaggerq ebdquowtimes cvDagger‛Q wK bvwK
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz-wbPz dvuKv GDaggerjvDaggergjv iumlayB wK `vuZ bvwK daggerPvqvjUvI DuPz-wbPz wKsev evuKv
`vuZ Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerQ wK bv GZ me cOumlDaggerkœi DEumli Avgiv mnDaggerRB RvbDaggerZ cvwi
12
OcircADagger_copyvWbwUKmOtilde welqUv daggerRDaggerb| iumlay Rvbv daggerKb GB me mgmumlvi mvgvavb w`DaggerZ cvwi
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg| GKUv welq RvbDaggerZ PvBDaggerj ADaggerbK wKQyB Rvbv `iKvi|
ZviciI GB wPwKrmvi cOumlavb wKQy jparauml I DDaggerIumlkuml wbaeligiƒDaggerc ZzDaggerj aiv nDaggerjv-
gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopy ebdquowtimesi Rbuml
ADagger_vcopyWbwUK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopy ebdquowtimes mcurrencente| `vuZDaggerK Zvi macr^vfvweK AemacrrsquovDaggerb
wbDaggerq GDaggerm `vuDaggerZi Ges gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopy ebdquowtimes mcurrencente| GUv AZxe Risbquoix wbaeligiƒc KviDaggerY
gvbyl Amyrsaquo`i `vuZ wbDaggerq daggerh gvbwmK mgmumlvq _vDaggerK Zv Avi nq bv|
cieZcopyx RxeDaggerb mvgvwRK jfrac34vDaggerevDaggerai nvZ dagger_DaggerK wbregKhellipwZ cvIqv hvq|
macr^vfvweKfvDaggere Dci Ges wbDaggerPi daggerVvuDaggerUi Aemacrrsquovb wVK KiDaggerj GwU gvwoDaggerK myiparav KDaggeri Ges
bvK w`Daggerq kbrvbarvm cOumlkbrvbarvm wbDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri|
13
`vuDaggerZi MVDaggerbi Ges KvDaggerRi DbœwZi Rbuml
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg `vuDaggerZi KgcopyparagZv ebdquowtimes cvq| KviY GB wPwKrmvi
gvaumlDaggerg macr^vfvweK Kvgo (Balanced Occlusion with normal over jet amp overbite)
cOumlmacrlsquoZ Kiv nq|
AvuKv evuKv `vuZ wVK Kiv Ges `vuDaggerZi MVDaggerbi macrrsquovwqZiexcl evovDaggerbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg gvbyDaggerli AwZwisup3 `vuZ ev GKB RvqMvq daggerewk `vuZ ev
daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Zvi dDaggerj `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb IjUcvjU G meB wVK Kiv mcurrencente| `vuDaggerZi GB myrsaquo`i
Aemacrrsquovb wVK KiDaggerj cieZcopyxKvDaggerj `vuDaggerZ KumlvwiDaggerRi (daggercvKv LvIqv) gvwoi cOuml`vn BZumlvw` mgmumlv
nq bv|
Abuml `šmdash wPwKrmvi mvnvhumlKvix wnDaggermDaggere
KhellipwIcircg `vuZ emvDaggerbvi Rbuml mwVKfvDaggere RvqMv bullZwi KiDaggerZ|
paray`ordf cwimDaggeri Aiacute wKQy msLumlK DcKvixZv DaggerRDaggerb wbDaggerjb daggerZv
14
Avcbvi myrsaquo`i mvRvDaggerbv Ni hvi me wKQzB cwicvwU| wbfcopyvebvq Avcbvi emevm| hw`
Gi me wKQzB ADaggerMvQvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZvnDaggerj wK fDaggerjv jvMDaggere jvMDaggere bv| wVK daggerZgwbB AvgvDagger`i
DcDaggerii Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUDaggerZ daggergvU 32 wU macrrsquovqx `uvZ _vDaggerK GB 32 wU macrrsquovqx `uvZ Gi macr^vfvweK
Aemacrrsquovb G _vKDaggerj Avcbvi `uvZ dagger`LvDaggere myrsaquo`i mvRvDaggerbv NDaggerii gDaggerZv| hLb `uvZ Zvi mwVK
AemacrrsquovDaggerb _vDaggerK bv ZLb GUv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri GeDaggerov dagger_eDaggerov GDaggerjvDaggergDaggerjv DPz-bxPz AemacrrsquovDaggerb| ZLb
Avcbvi `uvZ Avi mvRvDaggerbv myrsaquo`i AemacrrsquovDaggerb daggerbB daggerbB eDaggerjB dagger`LDaggerZ GiKg| hw` KvDaggeriv `uvZ
Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb daggerbB hv dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMDaggerQ ZvnDaggerj GKRb AfxAacute ADagger_vcopyWbwUdivide nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri Avcbvi cig eUumlz| Dwb cDaggerib mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg Avcbvi `uvZDaggerK myrsaquo`i KiDaggerZ|
ZvnDaggerj AvgvDagger`i mKDaggerji Rvbvi cOumlDaggerqvRb AvmDaggerj `uvDaggerZi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb daggerKvbwU Ges
daggerKv_vq| hvi dDaggerj Avgiv wbDaggerRivB eyDaggerS wbDaggerZ cviDaggerev AvgvDagger`i `uvZ Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerQ
wK bvB|
15
`uvDaggerZi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb wbfcopyi KDaggeri `vuDaggerZi AKnotzmb ev DcDaggerii cvwUi `uvZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi
`uvDaggerZi Kvgo Gi Dci| cOumlKhellipZ ADagger_copy `uvDaggerZi AKnotzmb gvDaggerb nDagger‛Q DcDaggerii cvwUi `uvDaggerZi mvDagger_
bxDaggerPi cvwUi `uvDaggerZi mcurrenuacuteKcopy hLb cvwUOslashq Kvgo dagger`qv ZvDagger`i c~bvcopysM msDaggerhvDaggerM (Cuspal
Occlusion) G iDaggerqDaggerQ|
hLb uvZ Ges `uvDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ Kvgo Zvi meDaggerPDaggerq mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb iDaggerqDaggerQ GgbwK mcurrenuacute~bcopy
KgcopyKZvcopy cwicyYcopy KDaggeri Ges `bdquowoacutebrsaquo`b ZvDaggerK `uvDaggerZi macr^vfvweK Kvgo ev bigvj AKnotzmb eDaggerj|
Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc 1-2wU `uvDaggerZ Aiacute Amacr^vfvweKZv _vKDaggerj I _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
`uvDaggerZi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb`uvDaggerZi macr^vfvweK Kvgo Gi kZcopycedilDaggerjv wbgœiƒc-
1| bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZ cedilDaggerjv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZ MyDaggerjvi Zzjbvq msLumlvMZ w`K w`Daggerq
GKUz mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere| Zvi Kvib nDaggerjv bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZcedilDaggerjv DcDaggerii
daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `uvDaggerZi daggerPDaggerq AvuKvDaggeri daggerQvU|
2| DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZ cedilDaggerjv GKwU wbw`copyoacute `yiZiexcl I KvgDaggeroi gvaumlDaggerg mvgDaggerb Ges wcQDaggerb
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK daggerXDaggerK ivLDaggere|
3| DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclb `uvZ (1st) Gi mvgDaggerb Ges evwnDaggerii w`DaggerK DPuy Ask wU
(Mesio Buccal Cusp) wbDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclb `uvDaggerZi mvgDaggerb Ges evwnDaggerii
gvSvgvwS daggerh uvDaggerZ bumlvq RvqMvq (Buccal Groove) Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
4| DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerQ`b `uvZ wbDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerQ`b Ges AMOumlDaggerclb (1st Premolar)
Gi gaumleZxcopy dvuKv macrrsquovDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
5| wbDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji KZcopyb `uvDaggerZi wKbviv (Incisal Edge) DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji KZcopyb `uvDaggerZi
cbdquoocircDagger`k (Zvjyi w`DaggerK) Gi gaumleZxcopy macrrsquovDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere| hv nDaggerZ nDaggere mwVK `yiZiexcl Ges
mwVK Kvgo mcurrenuacutebœ|
ZvnDaggerj dagger`ix daggerKb Gparazbx 1 wgwbU Avqbvi mvgDaggerb `vwoDaggerq dagger`DaggerL daggerbB AvgvDagger`i `uvZ Ges
`uvDaggerZi Kvgo Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb iDaggerqDaggerQ wK bv
-0-
16
GKwesk kZvatildexDaggerZ wPwKrmv weAacutevb DbœwZi Pig wkLDaggeri Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerQ| GB DbœwZi
daggerRvqvDaggerii mvDagger_ Zvj wgwjDaggerq `šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi AbumlZg cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy kvLv ADagger_vcopyWbwmqv I
GLb AvDaggeriv DbœZ| bvbvwea RwUj mgmumlvi mgvavb nDagger‛Q ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg|
Avmyb Avgiv cwiwPZ nB KZcedilDaggerjv cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy mgmumlvi mDaggerfrac12 hvi mgvavb Lye mnDaggerRB wPwKrmvi
gvaumlDaggerg Kiv hvq|
1 microvDwWs Crowding
GB aiDaggerYi mgmumlvq dagger`Lv hvq daggerPvqvDaggerj `vuZcedilDaggerjv AvuKv evuKv nDaggerq Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerQ ev
daggerPvqvDaggerj chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKvi KviDaggerY GK `vuZ Abuml `vuDaggerZi Dci DDaggerV daggerMDaggerQ|
microvDwWs Crowding
2 daggermacruacutewms (Spacing)
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS
dvuKv RvqMv _vKv|
17
3 wWmDaggercshymDaggergrsaquoU (Displacement)
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq GKwU `vuDaggerZi daggerh RvqMvq Aemacrrsquovb Kivi K_v daggermLvb dagger_DaggerK mDaggeri Abuml
RvqMvq PDaggerj hvq|
wWmDaggercshymDaggergrsaquoU
(Displacement)
4 GKDaggerUvwcK Bivcmb (Ectopic Eruption)
`vuZ Zvi wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV Abuml daggerKvb `vuDaggerZi RvqMvq ev Abuml daggerKvb
Amacr^vfvweK AemacrrsquovDaggerb DDaggerV|
GKDaggerUvwcK Bivcmb
(Ectopic Eruption)
5 Cross Bite ev DDaggereumlv Kvgo Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii daggerPqvDaggerji
mvgDaggerbi `vuZ cedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `uvZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL Ges DcDaggerii
daggerPvqvDaggerji wcQDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ mvgvbuml evBDaggerii
18
w`DaggerK _vDaggerK| GDaggerK Normal Bite ev macr^vfvweK Kvgo eDaggerj| GB Aemacrrsquovi DDaggereumlvwU hLb
NDaggerU ZLb ZvDaggerK Cross Bite ev DDaggereumlv Kvgo eDaggerj|
Cross Bite
ev DDaggereumlv Kvgo
6 (IDaggercb evBU) Open bite
Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerii cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi daggerPqvDaggerji
cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi GKwU macruacutekcopy _vDaggerK| daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` Kvgo dagger`qv Ae rsquovq DcDaggerii cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi msmacruacutekcopy bv _vDaggerK Ges Gi dDaggerj `yB cvwU `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS
dvuKv _vDaggerK ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Open bite eDaggerj|
IDaggercb evBU
(Open bite)
7 wWc evBU (Deep bite)
Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi
GK ZhellipZxqvsk daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL| wKšlsquo daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi cyDaggerivUv daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL ZLb ZvDaggerK Deep bite ev daggerewk Kvgo eDaggerj|
19
(wWc evBU) Deep bite
8 Knotvm 2 gumlvjAKnotzmb
(Class II malocclusion Division 1) GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ macr^vfvweDaggerKi daggerPDaggerq ADaggerbK mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| DcDaggerii cvwUcopyi mvgDaggerbi
`vZcedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK DuPz nq|
Knotvm 2 wWwfkb 1 gumlvjAvKnotzmb
11 Knotvm 3 gumlvjAKnotzmb (Class III Malocclusion)
20
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi cvwcopyUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL
ev DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi Inscisal Edge GDaggerK AcDaggerii DcDaggeri Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| hvDaggerK
Edge To Edge Bite eDaggerj|
Knotvm 3 gumlvjAKnotzmb
12 Zvjy KvUv I daggerVvuU KvUv t
GwU GKwU RbyenMZ mgmumlv ADaggerbDaggerK iumlay daggerVvU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv Avevi ADaggerbDaggerK Dfq
mgmumlv wbDaggerqB RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| AwfAacute wPwKrmKebdquoDaggerrsaquo`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutevi gvaumlDaggerg mwVK
mgDaggerq mwVK wPwKrmv w`Daggerq daggerVvuU I Zvjy KvUv fvDaggerjv Kiv AvRKvj daggerKvb mgmumlvB bq|
21
Zvjy KvUv
daggerVvuU KvUv
DcDaggerii AvDaggerjvPbvq Avwg wKQy mgmumlv Lye mnR fvlvq AvcbvDagger`i eySvDaggerZ daggerPoacutev KDaggeriwQ|
GmKj mgmumlvi mswparaszlig weeiY wfZDaggerii cOumlwZwU AaumlvDaggerq dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev KiwQ|
22
-0-
PROF IIDA JUN ICHI RO DR SAGOR amp
PROF TT YAMAMOTO AT KOREA
23
At IADR Seminar USA
Avcwb nqDaggerZvev Avcbvi wbDaggerRi A_ev daggerKvb wcOumlqRDaggerbi AvuKv evuKv `vuZ wbDaggerq LyeB
`ywethšmdashvMOumlmacr mdash| mywPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg Orthodontist AvcbvDaggerK GB `ywethšmdashv dagger_DaggerK gysup3 KiDaggerZ
cvDaggerib| wKšlsquo Avcwb wK RvDaggerbb daggerKb `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPz bxPz nq Avmyb bxDaggerPi AvDaggerjvPbvi
gvaumlDaggerg Avgiv cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy GB cOumlkœwUi DEumli LyuDaggerR daggerbB|
wewfbœ wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv wewfbœfvDaggere `vuZ AvuKv-evuKv nevi KviY mg~nDaggerK daggerkordfYxetimes
KDaggeriDaggerQb| AvcbvDagger`i Rvbvi myweavDagger_copy Lye mnR fvlvq `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi KviY mg~n wbDaggerP
dagger`qv njt
1| RbyenMZ KviY t K) wkiuml hw` daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| L) wkiumli
RDaggerbyeni mgq gv_vq AvNvZ daggercDaggerj| M) wewfbœ JlDaggerai cvkbrvbarcopy cOumlwZmicroqvi Rbuml|
2| eskMZ KviDaggerYt daggerPvqvj Lye daggerewk eo ev daggerQvU nDaggerj| daggerPvqvDaggerj me `vuZ aDaggeri
ivLvi gZ chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKDaggerj|
3| niDaggergvDaggerbi wewfbœ mgmumlv daggerhgbt Cretinism acromegali _vKDaggerj|
4| daggerPvqvj ev `vuDaggerZi bxDaggerP daggerKvb wUDgvi _vKDaggerj ev AvNvZ daggercDaggerj|
5| fyj ctimeswZDaggerZ Lvevi wMjDaggerj (Improper Swallowing)|
6| gyDaggerL daggerKvb `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKDaggerj|
7| `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AvKhellipwZ Amacr^vfvweK nDaggerj|
8| gyDaggerL AwZwisup3 daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj|
9| DaggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi gDaggerauml jydegvwqZ _vKDaggerj|
10| wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya `vuZ daggerdDaggerj w`Daggerj|
11| `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi ciI ADaggerbKw`b aDaggeri gyDaggerL Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerj|
12| macrrsquovqx daggerKvb `vuZ bv _vKDaggerj|
13| macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVDaggerZ dagger`ix KiDaggerj|
14| AvNvZ daggercDaggerj|
15| DaggerKvb `vuZ mnRfvDaggere DVDaggerZ euml_copy nDaggerj|
16| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv dagger`qv cOumlfbdquowZ AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi
cOumlavb KviYmg~nDaggerZv RvbDaggerjb| Avmyb bv Rvbv AacutevbUvDaggerK KvDaggerR jvMvB| DcDaggerivsup3
24
KviYmg~n hw` KvDaggeriv gvDaggerS dagger`LDaggerZ cvB ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY
KiDaggerZ ewj|
hLb KvDaggeriv gv_vq PzDaggerji cwigvb macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ Kg _vDaggerK ZLb ZvDaggerK KZB bv
`ywethšmdashv MOumlmacr mdash dagger`Lvq| gv_vi Pzjwenxb dvuKv macrrsquovb wKfvDaggere `~i Kiv hvq Zv wbDaggerq daggerhb wPšmdashvi daggerkl
_vDaggerK bv| wVK daggerZgwbfvDaggere wKQy gvbyDaggerli `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMv dagger`Lv hvq| ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcirc
Zviv Abuml gvbyDaggerli mvgDaggerb K_v ejDaggerZ GgbwK cOumlvb LyDaggerj nvmDaggerZI Amacr^wmacrmdash daggereva KDaggeri| hviv dvuKv
`vuDaggerZi mgmumlv fyMDaggerQb ZvDagger`i `ywethšmdashvi w`b daggerkl| ADagger_copyvWbwUKm wPwKrmvi KjumlvDaggerb dvuKv
`vuDaggerZi wPwKrmv GLb Avi daggerKvb mgmumlvB bq|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy
wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
25
mvaviY ADagger_copy Spacing ejDaggerZ Avgiv dvuKv macrrsquovb eywS| wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi fvlvq hLb
g yDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb daggerKvb `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMv _vDaggerK ZLb ZvDaggerK Spacing eDaggerj|
cOumlKviDaggerf` t Spacing `yB aiDaggerYi nDaggerq _vDaggerK|
1) Generalized Spacing daggerPvqvDaggerji me ev AwaKvsk `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv
_vKDaggerj|
2) Localized Spacing `yB ev ZDaggerZvwaK `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerj|
DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `ywU `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerj ZvDaggerK Median
Diastema eDaggerj|
Spacing ev dvuKvi KviY t
1 daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq `vuDaggerZi AvKvi hw` daggerQvU nq
2 RbyenMZfvDaggere daggerKvb `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKDaggerj|
3 Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj|
4 DaggerKvb `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AwZ paraz`ordf nDaggerj|
5 `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerj|
6 wmdivide wUDgvi _vKDaggerj|
7 wRnŸv eo _vKDaggerj| (macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ)
8 `vuZ wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK NyDaggeri daggerMDaggerj
9 GQvov daggerVuvU ev MvDaggerji KviDaggerY A_ev AwZwisup3 daggerKvb `vuZ gyDaggerL _vKDaggerj Zv cvDaggerki
`vuZDaggerK Pressure w`Daggerq mwiDaggerq Spacing KDaggeri|
Spacing wKfvDaggere wbYcopyq Kiv nq t
K) DaggerivMxi gyL MnŸi chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri
L) DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZiƒc ev Model dagger`DaggerL
M) x-ray dagger`DaggerL|
26
Spacing Gi Amyweav mg~nt
duvKv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI daggerivMxi Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv K_v ejvi
mgq daggerKvb daggerKvb katilde macruacuteoacutefvDaggere D‛PviDaggerY mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt
Spacing Gi wPwKrmv Kivi c~Daggerecopy daggerivMxi BwZnvm fvDaggerjvfvDaggere RvbDaggerZ nDaggere Ges
Spacing Gi mcurrencentveuml KviY mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggerZ nDaggere| hw` daggerivMxi Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK
hvi Rbuml `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMvi mbdquowoacute nDagger‛Q ZDaggere daggermB Afumlvm ev` dagger`qvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| ZviciI hw` daggerivMx Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere Habit breaking
appliance eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere| daggerKvb
TumourCyst _vKDaggerj Zv AcmviY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Spacing hw` Lye mvgvbuml cwigvDaggerY nq
Ges daggerivMxi hw` daggerKvb AwfDaggerhvM bv _vDaggerK ZDaggere wPwKrmv bv KivDaggerj I PDaggerj| ZDaggere Spacing
ADaggerbK daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontics wPwKrmv jvMDaggere| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri
wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wK aiDaggerYi wPwKrmv w`Daggereb| Spacing wVK Kivi Rbuml yB aiDaggerYi hšiquest ev
appliance use Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Removable Appliance)
Orthodontist `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ Fixed KDaggeri Appliance wU jvwMDaggerq w`Daggereb
(Fixed appliance) hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggerebv|
hw` `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mvgvbuml dvuKv _vDaggerK ZDaggere `vuDaggerZi iDaggerOi mvDagger_ wgwjDaggerq Filling Kiv
daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
GQvov gyDaggerLi Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS KhellipwIcircg `vuZ ewmDaggerq I Spacing Correction Kiv hvq| DaggerZv
Avcbvi hw` _vDaggerK dvuKv `vuDaggerZi mgmumlv ZDaggere PDaggerj Avmyb AwfAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ| wPwKrmv
KwiDaggerq `vuDaggerZi dvuKv wVK Kisbquob cOumlvY LyDaggerj nvmyb Avi nDaggerq DVyb AvKlcopyYxq|
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mvaviYfvDaggere Crowding ejDaggerZ daggerKvb wKQyi AvwaKumlDaggerK daggerevSvq| wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi
fvlvq gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKvi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi macr^vfvweK webumlvm evavMOumlmacrrsquo nDaggerq daggerh
wekbdquoldquoLjZv mbdquowoacute nq ZvDaggerK Crowding eDaggerj|
KviYmg~nt wewfbœ KviDaggerY gyDaggerL Crowding nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Zvi gDaggerauml DDaggerjshyLDaggerhvMuml
KviYmg~n bxDaggerP Dagger`qv njt
1 gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AvKhellipwZi mvgAumlmuml bv _vKDaggerj|
2 `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj|
3 `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi ADaggerbK AvDaggerM cDaggero daggerMDaggerj
4 macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVDaggerZ dagger`ix nDaggerj
5 AvNvZ daggercDaggerj
6 DaggerKvb `vuZ evowZ _vKDaggerj
7 Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj
28
8 daggerPvqvj macr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes bv daggercDaggerj
Crowding wbYcopyqt
1 daggerivMxi gyLMnŸi chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri|
2 DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Model ev cOumlwZiƒc dagger`DaggerL
3 GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL|
Crowding Gi djvdj t
`vuDaggerZi Dci cOumlfvet Gi dDaggerj `vuZ Zvi wbDaggerRi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK NyDaggeri daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri
`vuZ daggernDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri GgbwK daggerKvb daggerKvb `vuZ bvI DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Dci cOumlfve t
1 DaggerivMx mvgvwRKfvDaggere wewfbœ mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
2 DaggermŠrsaquo`hcopynvwb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
3 `vuZ wVKgZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ bv cvivi KviDaggerY `vuZ I gvwoi wewfbœ daggerivDaggerM Avmicrovšmdash
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
4 nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmv t
1 cOumlwZDaggerivag~jK eumlemacrrsquovt
hw` daggerivMxi cwievDaggeri KvDaggeriv `vuDaggerZ Crowding _vDaggerK ZDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist-Gi chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ covi mwVK mgq bv Avmv chcopyšmdash `ya `vuZDaggerK msiparaY Kivi daggerPoacutev KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggerKvb paraqDaggerivM dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerZ daggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml
boacute bv nq|
Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj ZumlvM KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ mwVK mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj Zv wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq daggerdDaggerj dagger`qvi eumlemacrrsquov KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
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gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere avivevwnKfvDaggere wbw`copyoacute wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerK
wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi fvlvq Serial extraction ejv nq|
2 msDaggerkvab g~jK eumlemacrrsquov t
K) DaggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml evovDaggerbv
DaggerPvqvjDaggerK cOumlmvwiZ Kiv
mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK wKQyUv DuPz Kiv
Daggergvjvi `vuZDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerUDaggerb Daggerbqv
vuDaggerZi AvKvi daggerQvU KDaggeri daggerdjv
`vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjv t
Crowding Gi cwigvY Lye daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontist wVK KiDaggereb daggerKvb `vuZwU
daggerdjDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
Crowding Lye daggerewk nDaggerj ev gvSvwi aiDaggerYi nDaggerj Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggerq
Removable ev Fixed daggerh daggerKvb GK aiDaggerYi appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggereb|
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Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi
msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy AvDaggerm| wKšlsquo daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` DcDaggerii cvwUcopyi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy bv
AvDaggerm Ges Gi dDaggerj DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi cvwUcopyi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mecopy`v dvuKv macrrsquovb _vDaggerK Ges gyL
mcurrenuacute~YcopyiƒDaggerc eUuml bv nq ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Open Bite eDaggerj|
mvaviYfvDaggere Open Bite ejDaggerZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi
Kvgo bv jvMvDaggerK daggerevSvq|
Open bite mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ ev wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Open Bite Gi KviY
mg~nt Avfrac12yj weDaggerkl KDaggeri ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Open bite nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
31
wRnŸv macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ eo _vKDaggerj ev hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjvavdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm
_vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS _vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi
DcDaggerii AsDaggerk (occlusal surface) -G _vDaggerK ZDaggere Open Bite nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
G Qvov daggerivMx hw` Bony Dysplasia Congenital wmwdwjm BZumlvw` daggerivDaggerM fyDaggerM
_vDaggerK ZDaggereI Open bite Gi mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt Open bite Gi wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml mecopycOuml_g daggerivMxDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOuml_Daggerg Open bite nevi KviY
mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggereb| hw` daggerivMxi Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK
ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm `~i Kivi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb
KDaggerib ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm ~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance)
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib daggerivMxDaggerK|
Open bite hw` gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj hvq ZDaggere Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontic
appliance eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri hv Fixed ev Removable daggerh daggerKvb iKgB
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
hw` daggerPvqvDaggerji nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Open bite dagger`Lv hvq Ges daggerivMxi eqm hw` 6-12 eQi
nq ZDaggere Chin cap (Chin cap bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi ev bxDaggerPi w`DaggerKi ebdquowtimes
nIqvDaggerK cOumlwZDaggeriva KDaggeri) Gi mvDagger_ High pull head gear eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nevi ci Ges macrrsquovqx `vuZ me DVvi ci daggerPvqvDaggerji Amacr^vfvweK
ebdquowtimesRwbZ KviDaggerY daggerh Open bite nq Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Surgery Kiv DaggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq KvDaggeriv Open bite Gi mgmumlv _vKDaggerj AvovDaggerj Zvi mgvDaggerjvPbv bv
KDaggeri AvgvDagger`i mKDaggerji DwPZ ZvDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ
ejv| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cieZcopyx KiYxq mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy ejDaggerZ cviDaggereb| Zvui
civgkcopy Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY KiDaggerj Open bite wbivgq Kiv mcurrencente|
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`šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv Class II Malocclusion DaggerK `yB fvDaggerM fvM KDaggeriDaggerQb|
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion
2 Class II division 2 malocclusion
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion t
hw` KvDaggeriv daggerclY `vuDaggerZi mcurrenuacuteKcopy (Molar relation) Class II _vDaggerK Ges DcDaggerii
DaggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZ cedilDaggerjv DPz _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv Class II Division 1 Gi Ašmdashfycopysup3|
Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK
(Convex profile) DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ daggerewk daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL
DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK daggerewk mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| `vuZ DuPz nevi KviDaggerY
daggerivMx ADaggerbK mgq `yB daggerVuvU eUuml KiDaggerZ cvDaggeribv|
33
2 Class II division 2 Malocclusion
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc Molar Relation Class II _vKDaggere A_copyvr DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev
Molar `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev Molar `vuDaggerZi dagger_DaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ mvgDaggerb
Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv wKQyUv wfZDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb
KiDaggere| mvaviYZ DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj GKB iKg AemacrrsquovDaggerb _vKDaggere (Straight Profile)
DcDaggerii `vuZcedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK cyDaggerivUv daggerXDaggerK ivLDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`ix bv KDaggeri GKRb Orthodontist daggerK Rvbvb|
Orthodontist wewfbœ chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri wPwKrmv ctimeswZ wVK KiDaggereb|
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Avcbvi AvDaggerk cvDaggerki gvbylcedilDaggerjvDaggerK GKUz fvDaggerjvfvDaggere jpara KiDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggereb daggerewki
fvM gvbyDaggerliB DcDaggeri daggerPvqvj Ges DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji
`vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ mvgvbuml GKUz mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK| Ges GUvB nDaggerjv macr^vfvweK| wKšlsquo wKQy gvbyDaggerli
daggerparaDaggerIcirc Gi DDaggereumlvUv dagger`Lv dagger`q| A_copyvr ZvDagger`i bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK _vDaggerK DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj ev DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ| GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi
fvlvq eDaggerj Class III malocclusion|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
`yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| 1Uv nDaggerjv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY| GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii
cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
35
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi
MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb dagger`DaggerL GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wKfvDaggere wPwKrmv KiDaggerj
daggerivMx mDaggerecopyvEumlg djvdj cvq|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion nq ZDaggere Orthodontic
Treatment A_copyvr iumlaygvIcirc Brace cwoDaggerqB wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere evošmdash ev cwiYZ daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB| ZDaggere Lye daggerewk eqDaggerm wPwKrmv KivDaggerj wPwKrmvi mgq daggereDaggero hvDaggere|
hw` evošmdash eqDaggerm nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion dagger`Lv dagger`q ZDaggere
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvjDaggerK mvgDaggerb Avbvi Rbuml ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvjDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerbqvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK wewfbœ
36
aiDaggerYi hšiquest dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri eumlenvDaggerii Rbuml| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Face Mask Chin Cap DDaggerjshyL
daggerhvMuml|
hw` cwiYZ eqDaggerm gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerqi Class III malocclusion hv nvDaggerii MVDaggerbi
KviDaggerY nDaggerqDaggerQ Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ ZDaggere kjuml wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
37
evBgumlvmiddot
evBgvmiddot `y aiDaggerbi nq| evBgumlvwmiddotjvix cOumlUzordfmb Ges evBgumlvwmiddot jvix cOumlwKnotDaggerbmb| wK KwVb
katilde| Avmyb Lye mnDaggerR daggerRDaggerb daggerbB `uvZ I gvwoi Avi GK mgmumlv hvi bvg evBgvmiddot|
evBgumlvmiddot mgmumlvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj wKsev `uvZ wKsev DfqB mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK DPzu _vDaggerK| dDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv daggerVvU DPzu nDaggerq _vKv GgbwK gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ
cviv mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
mvavibZ `uvZ hw` Zzjbvg~jK fvDaggere eo GgbwK daggerPvqvj jcurren^v wKsev daggerXvK wMjvi mgq
wRnev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK Amacr^vfvweK fvDaggere `uvZDaggerK mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK daggerVjv w`Daggerj GB aiDaggerbi mgmumlv nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| NveovDaggerbvi wKQzB daggerbB GB mgmumlvi mgvavb Lye myrsaquo`i KDaggeri GK AwfAacute ADagger_copyDaggerWbwUdivide
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib| gDaggerb ivLDaggerZ nDaggere cOumlv_wgK Aemacrrsquovq GB mgmumlvi mgvavb KiDaggerj ZZUv RwUjZv nq
bv| eDaggerqvmwUuml KvDaggerji c~Daggere eDaggerqvmmwUuml KvDaggerji mgq Ges cDaggeri wPwKrmv eumlemacrrsquov cbdquo_K cbdquo_K nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
38
myrsaquo`Daggerii c~Rvix mKDaggerjB ZvB GB mgmumlv mgvavb KDaggeri
Avcwb nDaggerq DVyb myrsaquo`i `uvZ I nvwmi AwaKvix
39
daggerMR `vuZ(High Canine) DPz KZcopyb `vuZ t
AvgvDagger`i gyDaggerL eqm 5 eQi chcopyšmdash daggerh 20 wU `vuZ _vDaggerK Zvi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ
_vDaggerK| eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ 20wU `ya `vuZ hLb cDaggero wMDaggerq macrrsquovqx `vuZ DDaggerV ZLbI daggergvU
32wU `vuDaggerZi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ _vDaggerK| G KZcopyb `uvZcedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi 4wU daggerKvbvq AewmacrrsquoZ| ZvB
GDagger`iDaggerK Corner Stone of mouth eDaggerj| bvg iumlbDaggerjB daggerevSv hvq G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Lv`uml`ordfeumlDaggerK
KZcopyb KiDaggerZ Ges wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri| G `vuZ cedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK kwsup3kvjx| KviY G `vuDaggerZi
GbvDaggergDaggerji cyisbquoZiexcl Daggerewk Ges mvgDaggerbi 4wU `vuDaggerZi (Pecopyb `vuZ-Incisor tooth) ciciB
AewmacrrsquoZ| daggerKvb daggerKvb mgq wewfbœ KviY ekZt G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Zvi wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK wfbœ
AemacrrsquovDaggerb dagger`Lv hvq| hw` G `vuZcedilDaggerjv gvwoi gDaggerauml ev DcDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri ZLb ZvDaggerK
High Canine ev daggerMR `vuZ ejv nq| Avevi KLDaggerbv GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv Zvjyi w`K w`Daggerq DDaggerV|
ZLb GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK Palataly placed canine eDaggerj| Avevi KLDaggerbv I gvwo ev Zvjyi wfZDaggeri
G `vuZ Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| ZLb ZvDaggerK Impacted Canine ejv nq| GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi gDaggerauml
AZxe Risbquoix PviwU `vuZ| GB `vuZ daggerhgb Lv`uml`ordfeuml KZcopyb I wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri cvkvcvwk
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daggerPvqvDaggerji bovPovDaggerK wbqšiquestY KDaggeri| GB `vuZDaggerK Beauty tooth I ejv nq| ZvB G `vuDaggerZi
mvwietimesfvDaggere webumlvm LyeB Risbquoix|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ daggerh KDaggerqKwU mgmumlv ZzDaggerj aiv nDaggerjv G mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi mgvavb LyeB Risbquoix|
hw` daggerKD GiKg daggerKvb mgmumlvq fyDaggerM _vDaggerKb ZDaggere AwfAacute Orthodontist -B nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
Avcbvi myrsaquo`i nvwm wdwiDaggerq dagger`qvi cig eUumlz|
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daggerVvuU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerki wkiumlDagger`i GKwU AbumlZg
mgmumlv| wewfbœ MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv wMDaggerqDaggerQ cOumlwZ 700 RDaggerb 1 Rb daggerVvuU KvUv Ges cOumlwZ 1000 RDaggerb
1 Rb wkiuml Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| daggerVvuU KvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggerQDaggerj wkiumlDagger`i Ges
ZvjyKvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggergDaggerq-wkiumlDagger`i gvDaggerS|
wewfbœ KviDaggerY wkiuml daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri _vDaggerK| kZKiv 25 fvM daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GUv eskMZ KviDaggerY nDaggerq _vDaggerK| hw` 1 Rb ZvjyKvUv daggerivMx 1 Rb mymacrrsquo gvbylDaggerK weDaggerq KDaggeri ZDaggere
ZvDagger`i ev‛Pvi ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kivi mcurrencentvebv kZKiv 2 fvM|
Mfcopyvemacrrsquovi cOuml_g fvDaggerM gv hw` daggerKvb fvBivj BbDaggerdKkDaggerb Avmicrovšmdash nq ev kvixwiKfvDaggere
AvNvZcOumlvszlig nq ev niDaggergvDaggerbi fvimvgumlnxbZvq fyDaggerM ev wfUvwgDaggerbi AfvDaggere fyDaggerM _vDaggerK ev
daggeriwWDaggerqkDaggerb GmiddotDaggercvR nq ev _umlvwjDaggerWvgvBW RvZxq Ilya MOumlnY KDaggeri ZDaggere wkiumli daggerVvuU ev
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| KvDaggerQi AvZyenxq macr^RDaggerbi gvDaggerS weDaggerq nDaggerjI wkiuml G mgmumlv
wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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DaggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq wkiuml RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerj cwieviDaggerK bvbv aiDaggerYi mvgvwRK I gvbwmK
mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ nq| wkiuml hLb GB mgmumlv wbDaggerq eo nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZLb daggermI gvbwmKfvDaggere
nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ _vDaggerK| G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ K_v
ejDaggerZ I iumlbDaggerZ mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| `vuDaggerZi mgmumlvi gDaggerauml hv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Zvi gDaggerauml AbumlZg
nDagger‛Q-wewfbœ `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKv `vuZ wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV gyDaggerLi Abuml daggerKvb RvqMvq
DVv evowZ wKQy `vuZ _vKv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb ksup3 bv nIqv `vuDaggerZi MVb myrsaquo`i bv nIqv
gvwoi wewfbœ mgmumlv `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPy-bxPz nIqv|
daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv daggerivMxDagger`i wPwKrmv weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmKDagger`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutev Qvov mcurrencente
bq| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Orthodontist Gi f~wgKv iumlisbquo nq ev‛Pvi RDaggerbyeni ci ciB| daggerhDaggernZz daggerVvuU I
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv nq daggermRbuml wkiumli RDaggerbyeni ci ciB
gyDaggerLi wfZi covi Rbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b daggerhb wkiumli daggerLDaggerZ
daggerKvb mgmumlv bv nq|
kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wkiumli 3-6 gvm eqDaggerm daggerVvuU I 1-2 eQi eqDaggerm Zvjy wVK KiDaggerZ
nDaggere GKRb AwfAacute kjuml wPwKrmK Oslashviv| kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg daggerVvuU I Zvjy wVK Kivi ci
wkiumli DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj hvDaggerZ msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GK aiDaggerYi
Appliance ev hšiquest bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b|
wkiumli Mixed dentition stage (6-12 eQi eqm) -G gyDaggerL daggerKvb AwZwisup3 `vuZ
_vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GQvov mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Cross bite _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuZ
AvuKv evKv _vKDaggerj ev Molar ev daggerclY `vDaggerZi Relation wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere Removable ev Fixed appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo
KiDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
me macrrsquovqx `vuZ PDaggerj Avmvi ci macrrsquovqxfvDaggere daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Kvgo (Occlusion
improve) wVK Kivi Rbuml Fixed ev Removable appliance w`Daggerq Orthodontist
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb Ges daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggereb|
GB mgDaggerq gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyDaggerK wVK Kivi Rbuml cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj Bony Graft Kiv daggerhDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| Gi dDaggerj Orthodontic treatment Gi daggerh djvdj ZvI Aparazbœ _vKDaggere|
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daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLvi ci Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere daggerivMxDaggerK
Permanent Retainer bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv daggerivMxDaggerK me mgq cDaggero _vKDaggerZ nDaggere|
Amacrlsaquovi weRqx DaggerRvqvDaggerKb wdwbmiddot RDaggerbyeni mgq daggerVvuU KvuUv wQj
daggerVvuU KuvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv daggerKvb Awfkvc bq| mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg
GDaggerK mvwiDaggerq daggerZvjv mcurrencente| `iKvi iumlay mevi mDaggerPZbZv Avi mwVK mgDaggerq weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri daggerm Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY Kiv|
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ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerKvb eqDaggerm iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ Zv AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKiB ARvbv|
ADaggerbK AwffveKB eySDaggerZ cvDaggerib bv wkiumli ADagger_copyvWbwUK mgmumlvi Rbuml daggerKvb eqDaggerm
Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| AAacutevbZvi Rbuml ev Abuml daggerKvb wOslashav-OslashDaggerrsaquo`i
KviDaggerY Zviv ADaggerbK mgqB ADaggerbK dagger`ix KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb wPwKrmvi
Rbuml| dDaggerj wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc wPwKrmvi eumlvwszligKvj daggereDaggero hvq| wKQyDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK
chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc
wPwKrmvi djvdj Avkvbyiƒc nq bv| KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv KZUv
Risbquoix| GLb Avwg ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi eqm mxgv wbDaggerq AvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri AvcbvDagger`i
wKQyUv nDaggerjI aviYv dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev Kie|
AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerk ADaggerbK wkiumlB daggerVvuU ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| Kzmsmacrlsaquoviv‛Qbœ
gvbyliv GDaggerK Awfkvc ev fvDaggerMumli wjLb gDaggerb KDaggeri nvZ cv cedilwUDaggerq eDaggerm _vDaggerK daggerKvb wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri bv| wKšlsquo gDaggerb ivLDaggereb daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumli
AwffveKDagger`i DwPZ RDaggerbyeni ci ciB GKRb AwfAacute Orhodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY Kiv|
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KviY G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i RDaggerbyeni ciB cOumlavb I cOuml_g daggerh mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q Zv nDaggerjv Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mgmumlv| Orthodontist Gmgq GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv wkiumlDaggerK Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml LyeB parawZKi GKwU Afumlvm|
mvaviYZ `yB dagger_DaggerK wZb eQi eqDaggermi gDaggerauml Avcbv Avcwb wkiuml G AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KDaggeri daggerdDaggerj|
wKšlsquo ZviciI hw` wkiuml AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere AwffveKDagger`i Gi parawZKi w`KwU
mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere Ges microgvMZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv PjDaggerZ _vKDaggerj wkiumlDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj G AfumlvmwU
`~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance) bullZwi KDaggeri w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib
hvDaggerZ KDaggeri fwelumlDaggerZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi KviDaggerY wkiumli `vuDaggerZi webumlvm AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv hvq|
mvaviYZ 5-6 eQi eqm dagger_DaggerK wkiumlDagger`i `ya `vuZ coDaggerZ iumlisbquo KDaggeri| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK mgq
dagger`Lv hvq AvNvZ RwbZ paraq RwbZ ev Abuml daggerKvb daggerivDaggerMi KviDaggerY wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya
`vuZ cDaggero hvq ev daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| `vuZ covi ci daggerh dvuKv RvqMvwU _vDaggerK daggerm RvqMvwU ZLb
`yB cvDaggerki `vuZ w`Daggerq eUuml nDaggerq hvq| dDaggerj rsquovqx `vuZ DVvi Rbuml chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv daggercDaggerq
Amacr^vfvweK daggerKvb RvqMvq `vuZ DDaggerV Ges `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi mcurrencentvebv daggereDaggero hvq| GB dvuKv
macrrsquovbwU hvDaggerZ cvDaggerki `vuZ Oslashviv eUuml bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl hšiquest bullZwi
KDaggeri w`Daggereb hvDaggerK Space maintainer eDaggerj| KvDaggerRB daggerKvb `ya`vuZ hw` Zvi wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi
AvDaggerM cDaggero hvq ZDaggere dagger`ix bv KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi mvDagger_ dagger`Lv Kisbquob|
ADaggerbK ev‛PvDagger`i dagger`Lv hvq DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj daggerewk evoDaggerQ ev hZUzKz evovi K_v
ZZUzKz evoDaggerQ bv| Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc evošmdash eqDaggerm (6-12) Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cOumlDaggerqvRb AbymvDaggeri Face
mask ev Chin cap eumlenvi KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb hv ev‛Pvi DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimesDaggerK
mwVK AmacrrsquovDaggerb wbDaggerZ mnvqZv KiDaggere|
DaggerVuvU I ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i daggerVvuU I Zvjy kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wVK
Kivi ci mwVK mgq Orthodontist Gmiddotcvbmb macrŒz (Expansion screw) ZvjyDaggerZ jvwMDaggerq
dagger`b hvDaggerZ DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq| G wkiumlDagger`i 8-10 eQi eqDaggerm bone
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grafting Kivi Rbuml kjuml wPwKrmKDaggerK cOumlDaggerqvRbxq civgkcopy I mnvqZv w`Daggerq _vDaggerKb
Orthodontist|
6-12 eQi eqDaggerm hLb wkiumli gyDaggerL `ya I macrrsquovqx Dfq cOumlKvi `vuZ we`umlgvb ZLb hw`
`vuDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo (Cross bite) daggerewk Kvgo (Deep bite) dagger`Lv hvq ZDaggere
Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRbxq eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggereb hvDaggerZ fwelumlDaggerZ KvgocedilDaggerjv AvDaggeriv Lvivc -Gi w`DaggerK
bv hvq|
`ya `vuZ me cDaggero hvevi ci I macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVvi ci AvuKv evuKv DuPz -bxPz `vuZ wVK
Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS Removable Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ
ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere) ev Fixed Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere bv) w`Daggerq
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb|
ADaggerbDaggerKiB gDaggerbB cOumlkœ _vDaggerK daggerh daggerewk eqDaggerm Orthodontic wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere wKbv|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuZ nvo I GDagger`i mvDagger_ mcurrenuacuteKcopyhysup3 structure cedilDaggerjv fvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZDaggere daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv Kiv mcurrencente|
cOumlvszlig eqDaggerm hw` DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj hw` Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes daggercDaggerq _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv
wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj kjuml wPwKrmvi Oslashvimacrrsquo nDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi mdjZv wbfcopyi KDaggeri wPwKrmDaggerKi AwfAacuteZv daggerivMx I Zvi
AwffveDaggerKi mnDaggerhvwMZv I mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi Dci|
gDaggerb ivLDaggereb mgDaggerqi GK daggerdvuo AmgDaggerqi `k daggerdvuo| mwVK mgDaggerq mwVK KvRwU KiDaggerj
Avcwb daggerh djvdj cvDaggereb dagger`ix KDaggeri KvRwU KiDaggerj daggermB djvdj Avcwb bvI daggercDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
Avcbvi daggerKvb wbKURDaggerbi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj mwVK mgDaggerq Orthodontist
Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggerZ fyjDaggereb bv daggerhb|
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Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Dci Bracket
ev Brace covDaggerbv _vDaggerK| Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq
Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv wbDagger`kcopyvejx wVKgZ daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj wPwKrmv cieZcopyx RwUjZv dagger`Lv
dagger`evi mcurrencentvebv LyeB Kg|
Fixed Orthodontic treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq gyL I `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZ weDaggerkl hZœ wbDaggerZ
nDaggere| daggerhme welDaggerqi Dci daggerewk daggerewk bRi ivLDaggerZ nDaggere Zv bxDaggerP dagger`qv nDaggerjvt
1 daggerhw`b daggerivMxi gyDaggerL Bracket emvDaggerbv nDaggere Zvici dagger_DaggerK 24 NrsaquoUv chcopyšmdash ksup3 Lvevi
LvIqv DwPZ bq| GDaggerZ Bracket LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| H 24 NrsaquoUv Lye daggerRvDaggeri daggerRvDaggeri `vuZ
eordfvk Kiv I DwPZ bq| daggerivMx Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv civgkcopy Abyhvqx `vuZ eordfvk
KiDaggere I macr^vfvweK Lvevi LvDaggere|
2 Bracket covDaggerbvi 2-3 w`b chcopyšmdash daggerivMxi GKUz Amacr^wmacrmdash nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GDaggerZ fDaggerqi wKQy
daggerbB| gyDaggerL bZzb wKQy wRwbm emvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2-3 w`b ci Zv AfumlvDaggerm cwiYZ nDaggerq
hvDaggere|
3 cOumlwZevi Lvevi LvIqvi ci AekumlB `vuZ fvDaggerjvfvDaggere eordfvk KiDaggerZ nDaggere| mKvDaggerj I ivDaggerZ
daggerdnotvivBW hysup3 Uz_Daggercdivide w`Daggerq `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggere| Abumlvbuml mgq Uz_ daggercoacute Qvov eordfvk KiDaggerjI
PjDaggere|
4 cOumlwZ wZb (3) gvm ci ci Uz_eordfvk e`j KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Uz_eordfvDaggerki weordfmampjcedilDaggerjv daggerhb big
(Medium soft) nq Zv daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
5 Bracket ev appliance -Gi Dci bxDaggerP 45 daggerKvDaggerY eordfvk aDaggeri `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
6 Lye daggerRvDaggeri Pvc w`Daggerq eordfvk Kiv hvDaggere bv| GDaggerZ KDaggeri Appliance LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
7 `vuDaggerZi daggerh cvDaggerk Appliance AvDaggerQ daggermB cvDaggerk Appliance -Gi Dci AvjDaggerZvfvDaggere
NywiDaggerq NywiDaggerq eordfvk KDaggeri `vuZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| `vuDaggerZi Abumlvbuml cvkcedilDaggerjvI daggerhb
fvDaggerjvfvDaggere cwireglsaquovi Kiv nq daggermw`DaggerK daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
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8 cOumlwZevi Lvevi Gi ci eordfvk Kiv mcurrencente bv nDaggerj LyefvDaggerjv KDaggeri KzjKzwP KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
9 `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerSi gqjv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Dental Floss eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
DaggerKvb KvwV ev myuB w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerLvPvDaggerbv hvDaggere bv|
10 wRnŸv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Tongue Cleanser eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
11 cOumlDaggerqvRDaggerb fvDaggerjv Mouth Wash eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere ZDaggerewPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy
Abyhvqx|
12 `vuDaggerZi gvwo Avfrac12yj w`Daggerq Massage Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
13 daggerKvb appliance daggerfDaggerfrac12 daggerMDaggerj ev LyDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ev Appliance Gi KviDaggerY gyDaggerL daggerKvb
mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj dagger`ix bv KDaggeri mDaggerfrac12 mDaggerfrac12 Orthondontist-Gi civgkcopy wbDaggerZ nDaggere|
14 wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq ksup3 Lvevi (nvo AvL) LvIqv cwinvi KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
15 AvVvDaggerjv RvZxq Lvevi (PzBs Mvg) LvIqv ev` w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
16 daggercqviv AvDaggercj ev daggerh daggerKvb ksup3 Lvevi Kvgo w`Daggerq bv daggerLDaggerq daggerQvU daggerQvU UzKiv KDaggeri
daggerLDaggerZ nDaggere|
17 Orthodontist DaggerhfvDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK AvmDaggerZ ejDaggereb (1gvm ci ci) AekumlB Zv cvjb
KiDaggerZ nDaggere| bv nDaggerj daggerivMxi wPwKrmv daggerkl nDaggerZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi daggerewk jvMDaggere|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbPz `vuZ wVK Kivi Rbuml daggerhgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Oslashviv mwVK wPwKrmv daggerZgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerivMx Ges daggerivMxi AwffveDaggerKi
mnDaggerhvwMZv Ges Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy Abyhvqx Pjv| ZDaggereB DaggerivMx wPwKrmv DaggerkDaggerl cvDaggere
KvwldquoparaZ myrsaquo`i `vuZ|
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mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
50
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ dnotwms
51
daggerQvAElig GKwU evMvDaggerb hw` ADaggerbKcedilDaggerjv MvQ daggereDaggero DVDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZDaggere ADaggerbK MvDaggerQi macr^vfvweK ebdquowtimes
weboacute nq Ges evMvbwU wKQyw`b ci Nb Rfrac12Daggerj cwiYZ nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK| ZLb hw` daggermLvb
dagger_DaggerK wKQy MvQ daggerKDaggerU daggerdjv nq ZDaggere evMvbwUi evKxMvQcedilDaggerjv iparav daggercDaggerq macr^vfvweKfvDaggere daggereDaggero
DVDaggere|
daggerZgwb gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerh cwigvY RvqMv AvDaggerQ Zvi daggerPDaggerq hw` `vuDaggerZi msLumlv daggerewk wKsev
`vuZ Lye daggerekx AvuKv evKv DuPz `uvZ _vKDaggerj ZDaggere Zv wVK KDaggeri `vuZDaggerK mywebumlvmacrmdash myrsaquo`i KDaggeri
daggerZvjvi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgq daggerivMxi wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB daggerivMx ev
Zvi AwffveK `vuZ daggerZvjvi K_v iumlbDaggerj fq cvq| Zviv fvDaggere `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ ADaggerbK euml_v
jvMDaggere ev daggerPvDaggerLi daggereordfBDaggerbi hw` daggerKvb parawZ nq| Zviv Orthodontist daggerK `vuZ bv ZzDaggerj
wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml AbyDaggeriva KDaggeri _vDaggerK| wKšlsquo ZvDagger`i G mKj aviYv mcurrenuacute~Ycopy Ag~jK| `vuZ
ZzjDaggerj daggerPvDaggerLi ev daggereordfBDaggerbi daggerKvb parawZ nqbv| GKRb AwfAacute wPwKrmK ZvB KiDaggereb hv KiDaggerj
daggerivMxi wPwKrmv fvDaggerjvfvDaggere mcurrenuacutebœ nDaggere Ges daggerivMx I Zvi AwffveK mšlsquowoacute jvf KiDaggere| Avi
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM wbw copyoacute rsquovb fvDaggerjvfvDaggere Aek KDaggeri wbDaggerj Ges wPwKrmDaggerKi dagger`qv DcDagger`k `vuZ
daggerZvjvi w`b I cieZcopyx KDaggerqKw`b mwVKfvDaggere daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj `vuZ daggerZvjvi ci daggerivMxi daggerZgb daggerKvb
Amyweav nq bv ejDaggerjB PDaggerj|
52
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM
`vuZ daggerZvjvi cDaggeri
53
ADaggerbDaggerKB AvDaggerQb hviv ivDaggerZ NygvDaggerbvi AvDaggerM Ges mKvDaggerj bvmacrmdashv Lvevi ci `vuZ eordfvk
KDaggerib `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Kvj wejcurren^ bv KDaggeri `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggerib
`vuDaggerZi mymacrrsquoZvi Rbuml hv hv `iKvi Zviv Zv-B KDaggerib| GmeB nDaggerjv fvDaggerjv Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi
Rbuml LyeB DcKvix|
wKšlsquo Ggb wKQy Afumlvm AvDaggerQ hv gyL I `vuDaggerZi macr^vDaggermacrrsquoumli Rbuml LyeB parawZKi| Gme
e`AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi bvbv aiDaggerYi mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q| GB AfumlvmcedilDaggerjvi gDaggerauml Avfrac12yj
daggerPvlv wRnŸampv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv ev daggerVjv dagger`Iqv daggerKvb mgmumlv bv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI gyL w`Daggerq wbkbrvbarvm
daggerbqv daggerVvuU I bL KvgovDaggerbv AbumlZg|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK| evev gv hw` GUv daggerLqvj KDaggerib ZDaggere wkiumlDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere daggerh Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv Lvivc| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz nDaggerq hvq ADaggerbK mgq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bvI coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Open bite) bxDaggerPi
54
daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZcedilDaggerjv msKzwPZ nDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK hZUzKz daggerXDaggerK ivLv
DwPZ Zv KDaggerg daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerbvi ci I hw` Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm bv KDaggerg ZDaggere wkiumli 2-3 eQi eqm
chcopyšmdash ADaggercparav KiDaggerZ nDaggere| ADaggerbK mgq 3 eQi eqDaggermi ci wkiumli GB Afumlvm PDaggerj hvq|
ZviciI hw` wkiuml G Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere GKRb AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12
civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| wPwKrmK `iKvi gDaggerb nDaggerj daggerKvb Appliance ev hšiquest w`Daggereb hv
wkiumlDaggerK GB Afumlvm `~i KiDaggerZ mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wkiumli hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK ZDaggere DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DPuy nDaggerq hvq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bv coDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerivMx gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri
wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq Avcbvi daggermvbvgwbi hw` Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml
parawZKi ZDaggere cOuml_DaggergB ZvDaggerK eySvb| ZvDaggerZ KvR bv nDaggerj Aemacrrsquov hvDaggerZ AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv
hvq daggermRbuml AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy Kisbquob|
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OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
56
CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
57
KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
59
GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
60
ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
61
daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
9
f~wgKv
gvbyl daggerKŠZznj wcOumlq| ARvbv daggerKvb welq wbDaggerq Rvbvi AvMOumln
gvbyDaggerli cOumlej| hyDaggerMi mvDagger_ Zvj wgwjDaggerq Zviv daggerek mDaggerPZbI| wPwKrmv
weAacutevDaggerbi wewfbœ w`K mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy RvbDaggerZ Zviv LyeB AvMOumlnx| mvaviY
gvbyDaggerli Gme AvMOumlDaggerni K_v gv_vq daggeriDaggerLB G eBwU daggerjLvi eumlvcvDaggeri
Avwg AbycOumlvwYZ nDaggerqwQ| G eBwU coDaggerj daggerh daggerKvb gvbyl `šmdash weAacutevDaggerbi
GKwU AbumlZg cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy kvLv ADagger_copyvWbwUKm mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy wKQyUv nDaggerjI
aviYv jvf KiDaggere| Avkv Kwi eBwU wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi QvIcirc-QvIcircxDagger`iI
KvDaggerR AvmDaggere|
eBwU mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy daggerh daggerKvb g~jumlevb gZvgZ mywPwšmdashZ civgkcopy mv`Daggeri
MOumlnY Kiv nDaggere|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejDaggerZ PvB mvgvbuml GB cwimDaggeri ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi gZ
wekvj GKwU welqDaggerK mcurrenuacute~YcopyiƒDaggerc ZzDaggerj aiv mcurrencente bq| Avgvi GB paraz ordf
cOumlqvm AvcbvDagger`i mvgvbumlZg DcKvDaggeri GDaggerjI Avgvi cwikordfg mv_copyK
nDaggerqDaggerQ eDaggerj gDaggerb KiDaggerev| mevBDaggerK abumlev`|
10
gvbyl daggermŠrsaquo`Daggerhcopy c~Rvix daggermRbumlB myrsaquo`i gyDaggerLi Rq mecopyIcirc|
gvbyDaggerli daggermŠrsaquo`Daggerhcopyi AbumlZg AjsKvi nDaggerjv myrsaquo`i nvwm| ZvB
GB myrsaquo`i nvwm Kvi bv Kvguml| Avi GB myrsaquo`i nvwmi Rbuml
PvB mymacrrsquo-myrsaquo`i `vuZ| `vuZDaggerK mymacrrsquo ivLvi Rbuml PvB mwVK
cwiPhcopyv| Avi myrsaquo`i nvwm ADaggerbKvsDaggerk wbfcopyi KDaggeri `vuDaggerZi
mwVK webumlvDaggermi Dci| wewfbœ gvbyDaggerli AvuKv evuKv DPz-bxPz
dvuKv `vuZ Avgiv ADaggerbK mgqB daggerLqvj KDaggeri _vwK| `vuDaggerZi Gme
mgmumlv myrsaquo`i nvwmi daggerparaDaggerIcirc cOumlavb Ašmdashivq| G QvovI dagger`Lv dagger`q `vuZ I gvwoi wewfbœ daggerivM
DaggerivMxi K_v ejDaggerZ ev Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri ADaggerbDaggerKB DuPz `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY `yB daggerVvuU eUuml
KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri bv dDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ LyeB Amyrsaquo`i jvDaggerM| daggerivMx cvwievwiK mvgvwRK I gvbwmKfvDaggere
wewfbœ mgmumlvq fyMDaggerZ _vDaggerK| ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcirc daggergDaggerqDagger`i weDaggerqi daggerparaDaggerIcircI evav nDaggerq `vuovq G aiDaggerYi
Amyrsaquo`i `vuZ| wKšlsquo `vuDaggerZi Gme mgmumlv daggerKb nq Gi daggerKvb
mwVK wPwKrmv AvDaggerQ wKbv Zv AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKiB
ARvbv|
`šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi DEumlDaggerivEumli AMOumlMwZi
dDaggerj `vuDaggerZi G aiDaggerYi mgmumlv `~i Kiv Avi daggerKvb eumlvcviB
bv| whwb AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbuPz dvuKv `vuDaggerZi mgmumlv
wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wVK KDaggerib ZvDaggerK ejv nq Orthodontist AvcbvDagger`i myweavDagger_copy Avwg `vuDaggerZi
G aiDaggerYi wKQy mgmumlv KviY cOumlwZKvi I wPwKrmv ctimeswZ wbDaggerq mswparaszligfvDaggere AvDaggerjvPbv Kie hv
cDaggero Avcwb Lye mnDaggerRB eySDaggerZ cviDaggereb Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ daggerKvb mgmumlv AvDaggerQ wKbv hvi Rbuml
Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY Kiv DwPZ| KvDaggerRB ejv hvq Avcwb ev Avcbvi daggerKvb
cwiwPZRb Amyrsaquo`i `vuZ wbDaggerq daggerKvb mgmumlvq fyMDaggerj Orthodontist Gi mvDagger_ daggerhvMvDaggerhvM KDaggeri
Zvi civgcopyk Abyhvqx wPwKrmv wbDaggerq nDaggerZ cvDaggerib gysup3 Siv nvwmi AwaKvix| Avi daggermB nvwmi
wSwjDaggerK Avcbvi Pvicvk nDaggerq DVDaggere AvDaggerjvwKZ|
11
cOumlwZw`b Avwereglsaquovi nDagger‛Q bZzb bZzb wPwKrmv eumlemacrrsquov Ges
ZviB mvDagger_ dagger`Lv w`Dagger‛Q bZzb bZzb daggerivM I mgmumlv| wPwKrmv
weAacutevDaggerbi cwiwa Acwimxg| `šmdash weAacutevDaggerbi wewfbœ welDaggerqi
gDaggerauml ADagger_copyvWbwUKm GKwU AZxe Risbquoix Ges MisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy
welq| `šmdash weAacutevDaggerbi wewfbœ kvLv daggerhgb `vuZ gvwo Ges
gyLMnŸDaggerii kjuml wPwKrmv KhellipwIcircg `vuZ jvMvDaggerbv isbquoU Kumlvbvj wPwKrmv
BZumlvw` welq mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy gvbyDaggerli KgDaggerewk aviYv AvDaggerQ| wKšlsquo ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm katildewU DtradecentvweZ nDaggerqDaggerQ `yOtildewU wMOumlK katilde dagger_DaggerK|
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm = ADagger_copyvm + daggerWvbm = mwVK + `uvZ
ZvnDaggerj ADagger_copyvWbwUKm katildewUi cOumlKhellipZ evsjv cOumlwZkatilde nDagger‛Q Ocirc`vuZ wVK KivOtilde
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm `šmdash weAacutevDaggerbi Ggb GKwU kvLv hv MDaggerelY KDaggeri mvaviY bull`wnK MVb g~jZ
g~DaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerji Ges `vuDaggerZi MVb wbDaggerq Ges GwU AvDaggeriv MDaggerelYv KDaggeri gyDaggerLi mvaviY MVb Kx Kx
KviDaggerY eumlvnZ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges Gi cOumlwZDaggeriva Ges wPwKrmvi Dcvq wbDaggerq hv wbw`copyoacute Rxewe`umlvi
gDaggerauml mxwgZ|
wewfbœ MDaggerelK OcircADagger_copyvWbwUKmDaggerK AvLumlvwqZ KDaggeriDaggerQb wewfbœ fvDaggere| Ocirc`umlv weordfwUk daggermvmvBwU
di w` dividevwW Ae ADagger_copyvWbwUKmOtilde AvLumlvwqZ KDaggeriDaggerQb wbDaggeraeligvsup3fvDaggere
OcircADagger_copyvWbwUKmOtilde -G gyL I daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimes I mcurrencOumlmviY mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy weDaggerePbv I weDaggerkshylY Kiv
nq hv Oslashviv DcDaggerii I wbDaggerPi `vuDaggerZi RvqMv ev Aemacrrsquovb msDaggerkvwaZ nq|
Avgiv ADagger_copyvWbwUKm mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy RvbDaggerj mnDaggerRB eySDaggerZ cvie daggerKvb `vuZ Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere
DaggereDaggero DVDaggerQ DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj wbDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvDagger_ mvgAumlmuml c~Ycopy nDaggerq ebdquowtimes cvDagger‛Q wK bvwK
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz-wbPz dvuKv GDaggerjvDaggergjv iumlayB wK `vuZ bvwK daggerPvqvjUvI DuPz-wbPz wKsev evuKv
`vuZ Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerQ wK bv GZ me cOumlDaggerkœi DEumli Avgiv mnDaggerRB RvbDaggerZ cvwi
12
OcircADagger_copyvWbwUKmOtilde welqUv daggerRDaggerb| iumlay Rvbv daggerKb GB me mgmumlvi mvgvavb w`DaggerZ cvwi
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg| GKUv welq RvbDaggerZ PvBDaggerj ADaggerbK wKQyB Rvbv `iKvi|
ZviciI GB wPwKrmvi cOumlavb wKQy jparauml I DDaggerIumlkuml wbaeligiƒDaggerc ZzDaggerj aiv nDaggerjv-
gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopy ebdquowtimesi Rbuml
ADagger_vcopyWbwUK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopy ebdquowtimes mcurrencente| `vuZDaggerK Zvi macr^vfvweK AemacrrsquovDaggerb
wbDaggerq GDaggerm `vuDaggerZi Ges gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopy ebdquowtimes mcurrencente| GUv AZxe Risbquoix wbaeligiƒc KviDaggerY
gvbyl Amyrsaquo`i `vuZ wbDaggerq daggerh gvbwmK mgmumlvq _vDaggerK Zv Avi nq bv|
cieZcopyx RxeDaggerb mvgvwRK jfrac34vDaggerevDaggerai nvZ dagger_DaggerK wbregKhellipwZ cvIqv hvq|
macr^vfvweKfvDaggere Dci Ges wbDaggerPi daggerVvuDaggerUi Aemacrrsquovb wVK KiDaggerj GwU gvwoDaggerK myiparav KDaggeri Ges
bvK w`Daggerq kbrvbarvm cOumlkbrvbarvm wbDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri|
13
`vuDaggerZi MVDaggerbi Ges KvDaggerRi DbœwZi Rbuml
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg `vuDaggerZi KgcopyparagZv ebdquowtimes cvq| KviY GB wPwKrmvi
gvaumlDaggerg macr^vfvweK Kvgo (Balanced Occlusion with normal over jet amp overbite)
cOumlmacrlsquoZ Kiv nq|
AvuKv evuKv `vuZ wVK Kiv Ges `vuDaggerZi MVDaggerbi macrrsquovwqZiexcl evovDaggerbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg gvbyDaggerli AwZwisup3 `vuZ ev GKB RvqMvq daggerewk `vuZ ev
daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Zvi dDaggerj `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb IjUcvjU G meB wVK Kiv mcurrencente| `vuDaggerZi GB myrsaquo`i
Aemacrrsquovb wVK KiDaggerj cieZcopyxKvDaggerj `vuDaggerZ KumlvwiDaggerRi (daggercvKv LvIqv) gvwoi cOuml`vn BZumlvw` mgmumlv
nq bv|
Abuml `šmdash wPwKrmvi mvnvhumlKvix wnDaggermDaggere
KhellipwIcircg `vuZ emvDaggerbvi Rbuml mwVKfvDaggere RvqMv bullZwi KiDaggerZ|
paray`ordf cwimDaggeri Aiacute wKQy msLumlK DcKvixZv DaggerRDaggerb wbDaggerjb daggerZv
14
Avcbvi myrsaquo`i mvRvDaggerbv Ni hvi me wKQzB cwicvwU| wbfcopyvebvq Avcbvi emevm| hw`
Gi me wKQzB ADaggerMvQvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZvnDaggerj wK fDaggerjv jvMDaggere jvMDaggere bv| wVK daggerZgwbB AvgvDagger`i
DcDaggerii Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUDaggerZ daggergvU 32 wU macrrsquovqx `uvZ _vDaggerK GB 32 wU macrrsquovqx `uvZ Gi macr^vfvweK
Aemacrrsquovb G _vKDaggerj Avcbvi `uvZ dagger`LvDaggere myrsaquo`i mvRvDaggerbv NDaggerii gDaggerZv| hLb `uvZ Zvi mwVK
AemacrrsquovDaggerb _vDaggerK bv ZLb GUv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri GeDaggerov dagger_eDaggerov GDaggerjvDaggergDaggerjv DPz-bxPz AemacrrsquovDaggerb| ZLb
Avcbvi `uvZ Avi mvRvDaggerbv myrsaquo`i AemacrrsquovDaggerb daggerbB daggerbB eDaggerjB dagger`LDaggerZ GiKg| hw` KvDaggeriv `uvZ
Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb daggerbB hv dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMDaggerQ ZvnDaggerj GKRb AfxAacute ADagger_vcopyWbwUdivide nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri Avcbvi cig eUumlz| Dwb cDaggerib mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg Avcbvi `uvZDaggerK myrsaquo`i KiDaggerZ|
ZvnDaggerj AvgvDagger`i mKDaggerji Rvbvi cOumlDaggerqvRb AvmDaggerj `uvDaggerZi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb daggerKvbwU Ges
daggerKv_vq| hvi dDaggerj Avgiv wbDaggerRivB eyDaggerS wbDaggerZ cviDaggerev AvgvDagger`i `uvZ Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerQ
wK bvB|
15
`uvDaggerZi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb wbfcopyi KDaggeri `vuDaggerZi AKnotzmb ev DcDaggerii cvwUi `uvZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi
`uvDaggerZi Kvgo Gi Dci| cOumlKhellipZ ADagger_copy `uvDaggerZi AKnotzmb gvDaggerb nDagger‛Q DcDaggerii cvwUi `uvDaggerZi mvDagger_
bxDaggerPi cvwUi `uvDaggerZi mcurrenuacuteKcopy hLb cvwUOslashq Kvgo dagger`qv ZvDagger`i c~bvcopysM msDaggerhvDaggerM (Cuspal
Occlusion) G iDaggerqDaggerQ|
hLb uvZ Ges `uvDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ Kvgo Zvi meDaggerPDaggerq mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb iDaggerqDaggerQ GgbwK mcurrenuacute~bcopy
KgcopyKZvcopy cwicyYcopy KDaggeri Ges `bdquowoacutebrsaquo`b ZvDaggerK `uvDaggerZi macr^vfvweK Kvgo ev bigvj AKnotzmb eDaggerj|
Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc 1-2wU `uvDaggerZ Aiacute Amacr^vfvweKZv _vKDaggerj I _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
`uvDaggerZi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb`uvDaggerZi macr^vfvweK Kvgo Gi kZcopycedilDaggerjv wbgœiƒc-
1| bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZ cedilDaggerjv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZ MyDaggerjvi Zzjbvq msLumlvMZ w`K w`Daggerq
GKUz mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere| Zvi Kvib nDaggerjv bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZcedilDaggerjv DcDaggerii
daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `uvDaggerZi daggerPDaggerq AvuKvDaggeri daggerQvU|
2| DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZ cedilDaggerjv GKwU wbw`copyoacute `yiZiexcl I KvgDaggeroi gvaumlDaggerg mvgDaggerb Ges wcQDaggerb
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK daggerXDaggerK ivLDaggere|
3| DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclb `uvZ (1st) Gi mvgDaggerb Ges evwnDaggerii w`DaggerK DPuy Ask wU
(Mesio Buccal Cusp) wbDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclb `uvDaggerZi mvgDaggerb Ges evwnDaggerii
gvSvgvwS daggerh uvDaggerZ bumlvq RvqMvq (Buccal Groove) Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
4| DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerQ`b `uvZ wbDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerQ`b Ges AMOumlDaggerclb (1st Premolar)
Gi gaumleZxcopy dvuKv macrrsquovDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
5| wbDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji KZcopyb `uvDaggerZi wKbviv (Incisal Edge) DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji KZcopyb `uvDaggerZi
cbdquoocircDagger`k (Zvjyi w`DaggerK) Gi gaumleZxcopy macrrsquovDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere| hv nDaggerZ nDaggere mwVK `yiZiexcl Ges
mwVK Kvgo mcurrenuacutebœ|
ZvnDaggerj dagger`ix daggerKb Gparazbx 1 wgwbU Avqbvi mvgDaggerb `vwoDaggerq dagger`DaggerL daggerbB AvgvDagger`i `uvZ Ges
`uvDaggerZi Kvgo Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb iDaggerqDaggerQ wK bv
-0-
16
GKwesk kZvatildexDaggerZ wPwKrmv weAacutevb DbœwZi Pig wkLDaggeri Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerQ| GB DbœwZi
daggerRvqvDaggerii mvDagger_ Zvj wgwjDaggerq `šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi AbumlZg cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy kvLv ADagger_vcopyWbwmqv I
GLb AvDaggeriv DbœZ| bvbvwea RwUj mgmumlvi mgvavb nDagger‛Q ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg|
Avmyb Avgiv cwiwPZ nB KZcedilDaggerjv cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy mgmumlvi mDaggerfrac12 hvi mgvavb Lye mnDaggerRB wPwKrmvi
gvaumlDaggerg Kiv hvq|
1 microvDwWs Crowding
GB aiDaggerYi mgmumlvq dagger`Lv hvq daggerPvqvDaggerj `vuZcedilDaggerjv AvuKv evuKv nDaggerq Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerQ ev
daggerPvqvDaggerj chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKvi KviDaggerY GK `vuZ Abuml `vuDaggerZi Dci DDaggerV daggerMDaggerQ|
microvDwWs Crowding
2 daggermacruacutewms (Spacing)
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS
dvuKv RvqMv _vKv|
17
3 wWmDaggercshymDaggergrsaquoU (Displacement)
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq GKwU `vuDaggerZi daggerh RvqMvq Aemacrrsquovb Kivi K_v daggermLvb dagger_DaggerK mDaggeri Abuml
RvqMvq PDaggerj hvq|
wWmDaggercshymDaggergrsaquoU
(Displacement)
4 GKDaggerUvwcK Bivcmb (Ectopic Eruption)
`vuZ Zvi wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV Abuml daggerKvb `vuDaggerZi RvqMvq ev Abuml daggerKvb
Amacr^vfvweK AemacrrsquovDaggerb DDaggerV|
GKDaggerUvwcK Bivcmb
(Ectopic Eruption)
5 Cross Bite ev DDaggereumlv Kvgo Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii daggerPqvDaggerji
mvgDaggerbi `vuZ cedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `uvZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL Ges DcDaggerii
daggerPvqvDaggerji wcQDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ mvgvbuml evBDaggerii
18
w`DaggerK _vDaggerK| GDaggerK Normal Bite ev macr^vfvweK Kvgo eDaggerj| GB Aemacrrsquovi DDaggereumlvwU hLb
NDaggerU ZLb ZvDaggerK Cross Bite ev DDaggereumlv Kvgo eDaggerj|
Cross Bite
ev DDaggereumlv Kvgo
6 (IDaggercb evBU) Open bite
Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerii cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi daggerPqvDaggerji
cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi GKwU macruacutekcopy _vDaggerK| daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` Kvgo dagger`qv Ae rsquovq DcDaggerii cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi msmacruacutekcopy bv _vDaggerK Ges Gi dDaggerj `yB cvwU `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS
dvuKv _vDaggerK ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Open bite eDaggerj|
IDaggercb evBU
(Open bite)
7 wWc evBU (Deep bite)
Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi
GK ZhellipZxqvsk daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL| wKšlsquo daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi cyDaggerivUv daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL ZLb ZvDaggerK Deep bite ev daggerewk Kvgo eDaggerj|
19
(wWc evBU) Deep bite
8 Knotvm 2 gumlvjAKnotzmb
(Class II malocclusion Division 1) GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ macr^vfvweDaggerKi daggerPDaggerq ADaggerbK mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| DcDaggerii cvwUcopyi mvgDaggerbi
`vZcedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK DuPz nq|
Knotvm 2 wWwfkb 1 gumlvjAvKnotzmb
11 Knotvm 3 gumlvjAKnotzmb (Class III Malocclusion)
20
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi cvwcopyUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL
ev DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi Inscisal Edge GDaggerK AcDaggerii DcDaggeri Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| hvDaggerK
Edge To Edge Bite eDaggerj|
Knotvm 3 gumlvjAKnotzmb
12 Zvjy KvUv I daggerVvuU KvUv t
GwU GKwU RbyenMZ mgmumlv ADaggerbDaggerK iumlay daggerVvU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv Avevi ADaggerbDaggerK Dfq
mgmumlv wbDaggerqB RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| AwfAacute wPwKrmKebdquoDaggerrsaquo`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutevi gvaumlDaggerg mwVK
mgDaggerq mwVK wPwKrmv w`Daggerq daggerVvuU I Zvjy KvUv fvDaggerjv Kiv AvRKvj daggerKvb mgmumlvB bq|
21
Zvjy KvUv
daggerVvuU KvUv
DcDaggerii AvDaggerjvPbvq Avwg wKQy mgmumlv Lye mnR fvlvq AvcbvDagger`i eySvDaggerZ daggerPoacutev KDaggeriwQ|
GmKj mgmumlvi mswparaszlig weeiY wfZDaggerii cOumlwZwU AaumlvDaggerq dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev KiwQ|
22
-0-
PROF IIDA JUN ICHI RO DR SAGOR amp
PROF TT YAMAMOTO AT KOREA
23
At IADR Seminar USA
Avcwb nqDaggerZvev Avcbvi wbDaggerRi A_ev daggerKvb wcOumlqRDaggerbi AvuKv evuKv `vuZ wbDaggerq LyeB
`ywethšmdashvMOumlmacr mdash| mywPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg Orthodontist AvcbvDaggerK GB `ywethšmdashv dagger_DaggerK gysup3 KiDaggerZ
cvDaggerib| wKšlsquo Avcwb wK RvDaggerbb daggerKb `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPz bxPz nq Avmyb bxDaggerPi AvDaggerjvPbvi
gvaumlDaggerg Avgiv cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy GB cOumlkœwUi DEumli LyuDaggerR daggerbB|
wewfbœ wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv wewfbœfvDaggere `vuZ AvuKv-evuKv nevi KviY mg~nDaggerK daggerkordfYxetimes
KDaggeriDaggerQb| AvcbvDagger`i Rvbvi myweavDagger_copy Lye mnR fvlvq `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi KviY mg~n wbDaggerP
dagger`qv njt
1| RbyenMZ KviY t K) wkiuml hw` daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| L) wkiumli
RDaggerbyeni mgq gv_vq AvNvZ daggercDaggerj| M) wewfbœ JlDaggerai cvkbrvbarcopy cOumlwZmicroqvi Rbuml|
2| eskMZ KviDaggerYt daggerPvqvj Lye daggerewk eo ev daggerQvU nDaggerj| daggerPvqvDaggerj me `vuZ aDaggeri
ivLvi gZ chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKDaggerj|
3| niDaggergvDaggerbi wewfbœ mgmumlv daggerhgbt Cretinism acromegali _vKDaggerj|
4| daggerPvqvj ev `vuDaggerZi bxDaggerP daggerKvb wUDgvi _vKDaggerj ev AvNvZ daggercDaggerj|
5| fyj ctimeswZDaggerZ Lvevi wMjDaggerj (Improper Swallowing)|
6| gyDaggerL daggerKvb `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKDaggerj|
7| `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AvKhellipwZ Amacr^vfvweK nDaggerj|
8| gyDaggerL AwZwisup3 daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj|
9| DaggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi gDaggerauml jydegvwqZ _vKDaggerj|
10| wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya `vuZ daggerdDaggerj w`Daggerj|
11| `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi ciI ADaggerbKw`b aDaggeri gyDaggerL Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerj|
12| macrrsquovqx daggerKvb `vuZ bv _vKDaggerj|
13| macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVDaggerZ dagger`ix KiDaggerj|
14| AvNvZ daggercDaggerj|
15| DaggerKvb `vuZ mnRfvDaggere DVDaggerZ euml_copy nDaggerj|
16| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv dagger`qv cOumlfbdquowZ AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi
cOumlavb KviYmg~nDaggerZv RvbDaggerjb| Avmyb bv Rvbv AacutevbUvDaggerK KvDaggerR jvMvB| DcDaggerivsup3
24
KviYmg~n hw` KvDaggeriv gvDaggerS dagger`LDaggerZ cvB ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY
KiDaggerZ ewj|
hLb KvDaggeriv gv_vq PzDaggerji cwigvb macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ Kg _vDaggerK ZLb ZvDaggerK KZB bv
`ywethšmdashv MOumlmacr mdash dagger`Lvq| gv_vi Pzjwenxb dvuKv macrrsquovb wKfvDaggere `~i Kiv hvq Zv wbDaggerq daggerhb wPšmdashvi daggerkl
_vDaggerK bv| wVK daggerZgwbfvDaggere wKQy gvbyDaggerli `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMv dagger`Lv hvq| ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcirc
Zviv Abuml gvbyDaggerli mvgDaggerb K_v ejDaggerZ GgbwK cOumlvb LyDaggerj nvmDaggerZI Amacr^wmacrmdash daggereva KDaggeri| hviv dvuKv
`vuDaggerZi mgmumlv fyMDaggerQb ZvDagger`i `ywethšmdashvi w`b daggerkl| ADagger_copyvWbwUKm wPwKrmvi KjumlvDaggerb dvuKv
`vuDaggerZi wPwKrmv GLb Avi daggerKvb mgmumlvB bq|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy
wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
25
mvaviY ADagger_copy Spacing ejDaggerZ Avgiv dvuKv macrrsquovb eywS| wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi fvlvq hLb
g yDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb daggerKvb `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMv _vDaggerK ZLb ZvDaggerK Spacing eDaggerj|
cOumlKviDaggerf` t Spacing `yB aiDaggerYi nDaggerq _vDaggerK|
1) Generalized Spacing daggerPvqvDaggerji me ev AwaKvsk `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv
_vKDaggerj|
2) Localized Spacing `yB ev ZDaggerZvwaK `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerj|
DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `ywU `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerj ZvDaggerK Median
Diastema eDaggerj|
Spacing ev dvuKvi KviY t
1 daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq `vuDaggerZi AvKvi hw` daggerQvU nq
2 RbyenMZfvDaggere daggerKvb `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKDaggerj|
3 Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj|
4 DaggerKvb `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AwZ paraz`ordf nDaggerj|
5 `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerj|
6 wmdivide wUDgvi _vKDaggerj|
7 wRnŸv eo _vKDaggerj| (macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ)
8 `vuZ wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK NyDaggeri daggerMDaggerj
9 GQvov daggerVuvU ev MvDaggerji KviDaggerY A_ev AwZwisup3 daggerKvb `vuZ gyDaggerL _vKDaggerj Zv cvDaggerki
`vuZDaggerK Pressure w`Daggerq mwiDaggerq Spacing KDaggeri|
Spacing wKfvDaggere wbYcopyq Kiv nq t
K) DaggerivMxi gyL MnŸi chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri
L) DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZiƒc ev Model dagger`DaggerL
M) x-ray dagger`DaggerL|
26
Spacing Gi Amyweav mg~nt
duvKv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI daggerivMxi Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv K_v ejvi
mgq daggerKvb daggerKvb katilde macruacuteoacutefvDaggere D‛PviDaggerY mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt
Spacing Gi wPwKrmv Kivi c~Daggerecopy daggerivMxi BwZnvm fvDaggerjvfvDaggere RvbDaggerZ nDaggere Ges
Spacing Gi mcurrencentveuml KviY mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggerZ nDaggere| hw` daggerivMxi Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK
hvi Rbuml `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMvi mbdquowoacute nDagger‛Q ZDaggere daggermB Afumlvm ev` dagger`qvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| ZviciI hw` daggerivMx Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere Habit breaking
appliance eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere| daggerKvb
TumourCyst _vKDaggerj Zv AcmviY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Spacing hw` Lye mvgvbuml cwigvDaggerY nq
Ges daggerivMxi hw` daggerKvb AwfDaggerhvM bv _vDaggerK ZDaggere wPwKrmv bv KivDaggerj I PDaggerj| ZDaggere Spacing
ADaggerbK daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontics wPwKrmv jvMDaggere| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri
wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wK aiDaggerYi wPwKrmv w`Daggereb| Spacing wVK Kivi Rbuml yB aiDaggerYi hšiquest ev
appliance use Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Removable Appliance)
Orthodontist `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ Fixed KDaggeri Appliance wU jvwMDaggerq w`Daggereb
(Fixed appliance) hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggerebv|
hw` `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mvgvbuml dvuKv _vDaggerK ZDaggere `vuDaggerZi iDaggerOi mvDagger_ wgwjDaggerq Filling Kiv
daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
GQvov gyDaggerLi Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS KhellipwIcircg `vuZ ewmDaggerq I Spacing Correction Kiv hvq| DaggerZv
Avcbvi hw` _vDaggerK dvuKv `vuDaggerZi mgmumlv ZDaggere PDaggerj Avmyb AwfAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ| wPwKrmv
KwiDaggerq `vuDaggerZi dvuKv wVK Kisbquob cOumlvY LyDaggerj nvmyb Avi nDaggerq DVyb AvKlcopyYxq|
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mvaviYfvDaggere Crowding ejDaggerZ daggerKvb wKQyi AvwaKumlDaggerK daggerevSvq| wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi
fvlvq gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKvi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi macr^vfvweK webumlvm evavMOumlmacrrsquo nDaggerq daggerh
wekbdquoldquoLjZv mbdquowoacute nq ZvDaggerK Crowding eDaggerj|
KviYmg~nt wewfbœ KviDaggerY gyDaggerL Crowding nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Zvi gDaggerauml DDaggerjshyLDaggerhvMuml
KviYmg~n bxDaggerP Dagger`qv njt
1 gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AvKhellipwZi mvgAumlmuml bv _vKDaggerj|
2 `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj|
3 `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi ADaggerbK AvDaggerM cDaggero daggerMDaggerj
4 macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVDaggerZ dagger`ix nDaggerj
5 AvNvZ daggercDaggerj
6 DaggerKvb `vuZ evowZ _vKDaggerj
7 Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj
28
8 daggerPvqvj macr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes bv daggercDaggerj
Crowding wbYcopyqt
1 daggerivMxi gyLMnŸi chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri|
2 DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Model ev cOumlwZiƒc dagger`DaggerL
3 GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL|
Crowding Gi djvdj t
`vuDaggerZi Dci cOumlfvet Gi dDaggerj `vuZ Zvi wbDaggerRi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK NyDaggeri daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri
`vuZ daggernDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri GgbwK daggerKvb daggerKvb `vuZ bvI DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Dci cOumlfve t
1 DaggerivMx mvgvwRKfvDaggere wewfbœ mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
2 DaggermŠrsaquo`hcopynvwb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
3 `vuZ wVKgZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ bv cvivi KviDaggerY `vuZ I gvwoi wewfbœ daggerivDaggerM Avmicrovšmdash
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
4 nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmv t
1 cOumlwZDaggerivag~jK eumlemacrrsquovt
hw` daggerivMxi cwievDaggeri KvDaggeriv `vuDaggerZ Crowding _vDaggerK ZDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist-Gi chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ covi mwVK mgq bv Avmv chcopyšmdash `ya `vuZDaggerK msiparaY Kivi daggerPoacutev KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggerKvb paraqDaggerivM dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerZ daggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml
boacute bv nq|
Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj ZumlvM KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ mwVK mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj Zv wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq daggerdDaggerj dagger`qvi eumlemacrrsquov KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
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gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere avivevwnKfvDaggere wbw`copyoacute wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerK
wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi fvlvq Serial extraction ejv nq|
2 msDaggerkvab g~jK eumlemacrrsquov t
K) DaggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml evovDaggerbv
DaggerPvqvjDaggerK cOumlmvwiZ Kiv
mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK wKQyUv DuPz Kiv
Daggergvjvi `vuZDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerUDaggerb Daggerbqv
vuDaggerZi AvKvi daggerQvU KDaggeri daggerdjv
`vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjv t
Crowding Gi cwigvY Lye daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontist wVK KiDaggereb daggerKvb `vuZwU
daggerdjDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
Crowding Lye daggerewk nDaggerj ev gvSvwi aiDaggerYi nDaggerj Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggerq
Removable ev Fixed daggerh daggerKvb GK aiDaggerYi appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggereb|
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Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi
msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy AvDaggerm| wKšlsquo daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` DcDaggerii cvwUcopyi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy bv
AvDaggerm Ges Gi dDaggerj DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi cvwUcopyi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mecopy`v dvuKv macrrsquovb _vDaggerK Ges gyL
mcurrenuacute~YcopyiƒDaggerc eUuml bv nq ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Open Bite eDaggerj|
mvaviYfvDaggere Open Bite ejDaggerZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi
Kvgo bv jvMvDaggerK daggerevSvq|
Open bite mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ ev wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Open Bite Gi KviY
mg~nt Avfrac12yj weDaggerkl KDaggeri ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Open bite nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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wRnŸv macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ eo _vKDaggerj ev hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjvavdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm
_vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS _vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi
DcDaggerii AsDaggerk (occlusal surface) -G _vDaggerK ZDaggere Open Bite nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
G Qvov daggerivMx hw` Bony Dysplasia Congenital wmwdwjm BZumlvw` daggerivDaggerM fyDaggerM
_vDaggerK ZDaggereI Open bite Gi mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt Open bite Gi wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml mecopycOuml_g daggerivMxDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOuml_Daggerg Open bite nevi KviY
mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggereb| hw` daggerivMxi Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK
ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm `~i Kivi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb
KDaggerib ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm ~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance)
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib daggerivMxDaggerK|
Open bite hw` gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj hvq ZDaggere Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontic
appliance eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri hv Fixed ev Removable daggerh daggerKvb iKgB
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
hw` daggerPvqvDaggerji nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Open bite dagger`Lv hvq Ges daggerivMxi eqm hw` 6-12 eQi
nq ZDaggere Chin cap (Chin cap bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi ev bxDaggerPi w`DaggerKi ebdquowtimes
nIqvDaggerK cOumlwZDaggeriva KDaggeri) Gi mvDagger_ High pull head gear eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nevi ci Ges macrrsquovqx `vuZ me DVvi ci daggerPvqvDaggerji Amacr^vfvweK
ebdquowtimesRwbZ KviDaggerY daggerh Open bite nq Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Surgery Kiv DaggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq KvDaggeriv Open bite Gi mgmumlv _vKDaggerj AvovDaggerj Zvi mgvDaggerjvPbv bv
KDaggeri AvgvDagger`i mKDaggerji DwPZ ZvDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ
ejv| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cieZcopyx KiYxq mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy ejDaggerZ cviDaggereb| Zvui
civgkcopy Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY KiDaggerj Open bite wbivgq Kiv mcurrencente|
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`šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv Class II Malocclusion DaggerK `yB fvDaggerM fvM KDaggeriDaggerQb|
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion
2 Class II division 2 malocclusion
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion t
hw` KvDaggeriv daggerclY `vuDaggerZi mcurrenuacuteKcopy (Molar relation) Class II _vDaggerK Ges DcDaggerii
DaggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZ cedilDaggerjv DPz _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv Class II Division 1 Gi Ašmdashfycopysup3|
Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK
(Convex profile) DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ daggerewk daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL
DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK daggerewk mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| `vuZ DuPz nevi KviDaggerY
daggerivMx ADaggerbK mgq `yB daggerVuvU eUuml KiDaggerZ cvDaggeribv|
33
2 Class II division 2 Malocclusion
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc Molar Relation Class II _vKDaggere A_copyvr DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev
Molar `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev Molar `vuDaggerZi dagger_DaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ mvgDaggerb
Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv wKQyUv wfZDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb
KiDaggere| mvaviYZ DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj GKB iKg AemacrrsquovDaggerb _vKDaggere (Straight Profile)
DcDaggerii `vuZcedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK cyDaggerivUv daggerXDaggerK ivLDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`ix bv KDaggeri GKRb Orthodontist daggerK Rvbvb|
Orthodontist wewfbœ chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri wPwKrmv ctimeswZ wVK KiDaggereb|
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Avcbvi AvDaggerk cvDaggerki gvbylcedilDaggerjvDaggerK GKUz fvDaggerjvfvDaggere jpara KiDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggereb daggerewki
fvM gvbyDaggerliB DcDaggeri daggerPvqvj Ges DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji
`vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ mvgvbuml GKUz mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK| Ges GUvB nDaggerjv macr^vfvweK| wKšlsquo wKQy gvbyDaggerli
daggerparaDaggerIcirc Gi DDaggereumlvUv dagger`Lv dagger`q| A_copyvr ZvDagger`i bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK _vDaggerK DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj ev DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ| GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi
fvlvq eDaggerj Class III malocclusion|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
`yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| 1Uv nDaggerjv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY| GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii
cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
35
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi
MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb dagger`DaggerL GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wKfvDaggere wPwKrmv KiDaggerj
daggerivMx mDaggerecopyvEumlg djvdj cvq|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion nq ZDaggere Orthodontic
Treatment A_copyvr iumlaygvIcirc Brace cwoDaggerqB wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere evošmdash ev cwiYZ daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB| ZDaggere Lye daggerewk eqDaggerm wPwKrmv KivDaggerj wPwKrmvi mgq daggereDaggero hvDaggere|
hw` evošmdash eqDaggerm nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion dagger`Lv dagger`q ZDaggere
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvjDaggerK mvgDaggerb Avbvi Rbuml ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvjDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerbqvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK wewfbœ
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aiDaggerYi hšiquest dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri eumlenvDaggerii Rbuml| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Face Mask Chin Cap DDaggerjshyL
daggerhvMuml|
hw` cwiYZ eqDaggerm gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerqi Class III malocclusion hv nvDaggerii MVDaggerbi
KviDaggerY nDaggerqDaggerQ Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ ZDaggere kjuml wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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evBgumlvmiddot
evBgvmiddot `y aiDaggerbi nq| evBgumlvwmiddotjvix cOumlUzordfmb Ges evBgumlvwmiddot jvix cOumlwKnotDaggerbmb| wK KwVb
katilde| Avmyb Lye mnDaggerR daggerRDaggerb daggerbB `uvZ I gvwoi Avi GK mgmumlv hvi bvg evBgvmiddot|
evBgumlvmiddot mgmumlvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj wKsev `uvZ wKsev DfqB mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK DPzu _vDaggerK| dDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv daggerVvU DPzu nDaggerq _vKv GgbwK gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ
cviv mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
mvavibZ `uvZ hw` Zzjbvg~jK fvDaggere eo GgbwK daggerPvqvj jcurren^v wKsev daggerXvK wMjvi mgq
wRnev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK Amacr^vfvweK fvDaggere `uvZDaggerK mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK daggerVjv w`Daggerj GB aiDaggerbi mgmumlv nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| NveovDaggerbvi wKQzB daggerbB GB mgmumlvi mgvavb Lye myrsaquo`i KDaggeri GK AwfAacute ADagger_copyDaggerWbwUdivide
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib| gDaggerb ivLDaggerZ nDaggere cOumlv_wgK Aemacrrsquovq GB mgmumlvi mgvavb KiDaggerj ZZUv RwUjZv nq
bv| eDaggerqvmwUuml KvDaggerji c~Daggere eDaggerqvmmwUuml KvDaggerji mgq Ges cDaggeri wPwKrmv eumlemacrrsquov cbdquo_K cbdquo_K nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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myrsaquo`Daggerii c~Rvix mKDaggerjB ZvB GB mgmumlv mgvavb KDaggeri
Avcwb nDaggerq DVyb myrsaquo`i `uvZ I nvwmi AwaKvix
39
daggerMR `vuZ(High Canine) DPz KZcopyb `vuZ t
AvgvDagger`i gyDaggerL eqm 5 eQi chcopyšmdash daggerh 20 wU `vuZ _vDaggerK Zvi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ
_vDaggerK| eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ 20wU `ya `vuZ hLb cDaggero wMDaggerq macrrsquovqx `vuZ DDaggerV ZLbI daggergvU
32wU `vuDaggerZi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ _vDaggerK| G KZcopyb `uvZcedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi 4wU daggerKvbvq AewmacrrsquoZ| ZvB
GDagger`iDaggerK Corner Stone of mouth eDaggerj| bvg iumlbDaggerjB daggerevSv hvq G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Lv`uml`ordfeumlDaggerK
KZcopyb KiDaggerZ Ges wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri| G `vuZ cedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK kwsup3kvjx| KviY G `vuDaggerZi
GbvDaggergDaggerji cyisbquoZiexcl Daggerewk Ges mvgDaggerbi 4wU `vuDaggerZi (Pecopyb `vuZ-Incisor tooth) ciciB
AewmacrrsquoZ| daggerKvb daggerKvb mgq wewfbœ KviY ekZt G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Zvi wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK wfbœ
AemacrrsquovDaggerb dagger`Lv hvq| hw` G `vuZcedilDaggerjv gvwoi gDaggerauml ev DcDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri ZLb ZvDaggerK
High Canine ev daggerMR `vuZ ejv nq| Avevi KLDaggerbv GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv Zvjyi w`K w`Daggerq DDaggerV|
ZLb GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK Palataly placed canine eDaggerj| Avevi KLDaggerbv I gvwo ev Zvjyi wfZDaggeri
G `vuZ Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| ZLb ZvDaggerK Impacted Canine ejv nq| GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi gDaggerauml
AZxe Risbquoix PviwU `vuZ| GB `vuZ daggerhgb Lv`uml`ordfeuml KZcopyb I wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri cvkvcvwk
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daggerPvqvDaggerji bovPovDaggerK wbqšiquestY KDaggeri| GB `vuZDaggerK Beauty tooth I ejv nq| ZvB G `vuDaggerZi
mvwietimesfvDaggere webumlvm LyeB Risbquoix|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ daggerh KDaggerqKwU mgmumlv ZzDaggerj aiv nDaggerjv G mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi mgvavb LyeB Risbquoix|
hw` daggerKD GiKg daggerKvb mgmumlvq fyDaggerM _vDaggerKb ZDaggere AwfAacute Orthodontist -B nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
Avcbvi myrsaquo`i nvwm wdwiDaggerq dagger`qvi cig eUumlz|
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daggerVvuU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerki wkiumlDagger`i GKwU AbumlZg
mgmumlv| wewfbœ MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv wMDaggerqDaggerQ cOumlwZ 700 RDaggerb 1 Rb daggerVvuU KvUv Ges cOumlwZ 1000 RDaggerb
1 Rb wkiuml Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| daggerVvuU KvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggerQDaggerj wkiumlDagger`i Ges
ZvjyKvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggergDaggerq-wkiumlDagger`i gvDaggerS|
wewfbœ KviDaggerY wkiuml daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri _vDaggerK| kZKiv 25 fvM daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GUv eskMZ KviDaggerY nDaggerq _vDaggerK| hw` 1 Rb ZvjyKvUv daggerivMx 1 Rb mymacrrsquo gvbylDaggerK weDaggerq KDaggeri ZDaggere
ZvDagger`i ev‛Pvi ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kivi mcurrencentvebv kZKiv 2 fvM|
Mfcopyvemacrrsquovi cOuml_g fvDaggerM gv hw` daggerKvb fvBivj BbDaggerdKkDaggerb Avmicrovšmdash nq ev kvixwiKfvDaggere
AvNvZcOumlvszlig nq ev niDaggergvDaggerbi fvimvgumlnxbZvq fyDaggerM ev wfUvwgDaggerbi AfvDaggere fyDaggerM _vDaggerK ev
daggeriwWDaggerqkDaggerb GmiddotDaggercvR nq ev _umlvwjDaggerWvgvBW RvZxq Ilya MOumlnY KDaggeri ZDaggere wkiumli daggerVvuU ev
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| KvDaggerQi AvZyenxq macr^RDaggerbi gvDaggerS weDaggerq nDaggerjI wkiuml G mgmumlv
wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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DaggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq wkiuml RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerj cwieviDaggerK bvbv aiDaggerYi mvgvwRK I gvbwmK
mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ nq| wkiuml hLb GB mgmumlv wbDaggerq eo nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZLb daggermI gvbwmKfvDaggere
nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ _vDaggerK| G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ K_v
ejDaggerZ I iumlbDaggerZ mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| `vuDaggerZi mgmumlvi gDaggerauml hv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Zvi gDaggerauml AbumlZg
nDagger‛Q-wewfbœ `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKv `vuZ wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV gyDaggerLi Abuml daggerKvb RvqMvq
DVv evowZ wKQy `vuZ _vKv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb ksup3 bv nIqv `vuDaggerZi MVb myrsaquo`i bv nIqv
gvwoi wewfbœ mgmumlv `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPy-bxPz nIqv|
daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv daggerivMxDagger`i wPwKrmv weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmKDagger`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutev Qvov mcurrencente
bq| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Orthodontist Gi f~wgKv iumlisbquo nq ev‛Pvi RDaggerbyeni ci ciB| daggerhDaggernZz daggerVvuU I
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv nq daggermRbuml wkiumli RDaggerbyeni ci ciB
gyDaggerLi wfZi covi Rbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b daggerhb wkiumli daggerLDaggerZ
daggerKvb mgmumlv bv nq|
kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wkiumli 3-6 gvm eqDaggerm daggerVvuU I 1-2 eQi eqDaggerm Zvjy wVK KiDaggerZ
nDaggere GKRb AwfAacute kjuml wPwKrmK Oslashviv| kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg daggerVvuU I Zvjy wVK Kivi ci
wkiumli DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj hvDaggerZ msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GK aiDaggerYi
Appliance ev hšiquest bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b|
wkiumli Mixed dentition stage (6-12 eQi eqm) -G gyDaggerL daggerKvb AwZwisup3 `vuZ
_vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GQvov mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Cross bite _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuZ
AvuKv evKv _vKDaggerj ev Molar ev daggerclY `vDaggerZi Relation wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere Removable ev Fixed appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo
KiDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
me macrrsquovqx `vuZ PDaggerj Avmvi ci macrrsquovqxfvDaggere daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Kvgo (Occlusion
improve) wVK Kivi Rbuml Fixed ev Removable appliance w`Daggerq Orthodontist
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb Ges daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggereb|
GB mgDaggerq gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyDaggerK wVK Kivi Rbuml cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj Bony Graft Kiv daggerhDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| Gi dDaggerj Orthodontic treatment Gi daggerh djvdj ZvI Aparazbœ _vKDaggere|
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daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLvi ci Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere daggerivMxDaggerK
Permanent Retainer bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv daggerivMxDaggerK me mgq cDaggero _vKDaggerZ nDaggere|
Amacrlsaquovi weRqx DaggerRvqvDaggerKb wdwbmiddot RDaggerbyeni mgq daggerVvuU KvuUv wQj
daggerVvuU KuvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv daggerKvb Awfkvc bq| mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg
GDaggerK mvwiDaggerq daggerZvjv mcurrencente| `iKvi iumlay mevi mDaggerPZbZv Avi mwVK mgDaggerq weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri daggerm Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY Kiv|
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ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerKvb eqDaggerm iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ Zv AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKiB ARvbv|
ADaggerbK AwffveKB eySDaggerZ cvDaggerib bv wkiumli ADagger_copyvWbwUK mgmumlvi Rbuml daggerKvb eqDaggerm
Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| AAacutevbZvi Rbuml ev Abuml daggerKvb wOslashav-OslashDaggerrsaquo`i
KviDaggerY Zviv ADaggerbK mgqB ADaggerbK dagger`ix KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb wPwKrmvi
Rbuml| dDaggerj wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc wPwKrmvi eumlvwszligKvj daggereDaggero hvq| wKQyDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK
chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc
wPwKrmvi djvdj Avkvbyiƒc nq bv| KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv KZUv
Risbquoix| GLb Avwg ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi eqm mxgv wbDaggerq AvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri AvcbvDagger`i
wKQyUv nDaggerjI aviYv dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev Kie|
AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerk ADaggerbK wkiumlB daggerVvuU ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| Kzmsmacrlsaquoviv‛Qbœ
gvbyliv GDaggerK Awfkvc ev fvDaggerMumli wjLb gDaggerb KDaggeri nvZ cv cedilwUDaggerq eDaggerm _vDaggerK daggerKvb wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri bv| wKšlsquo gDaggerb ivLDaggereb daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumli
AwffveKDagger`i DwPZ RDaggerbyeni ci ciB GKRb AwfAacute Orhodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY Kiv|
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KviY G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i RDaggerbyeni ciB cOumlavb I cOuml_g daggerh mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q Zv nDaggerjv Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mgmumlv| Orthodontist Gmgq GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv wkiumlDaggerK Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml LyeB parawZKi GKwU Afumlvm|
mvaviYZ `yB dagger_DaggerK wZb eQi eqDaggermi gDaggerauml Avcbv Avcwb wkiuml G AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KDaggeri daggerdDaggerj|
wKšlsquo ZviciI hw` wkiuml AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere AwffveKDagger`i Gi parawZKi w`KwU
mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere Ges microgvMZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv PjDaggerZ _vKDaggerj wkiumlDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj G AfumlvmwU
`~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance) bullZwi KDaggeri w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib
hvDaggerZ KDaggeri fwelumlDaggerZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi KviDaggerY wkiumli `vuDaggerZi webumlvm AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv hvq|
mvaviYZ 5-6 eQi eqm dagger_DaggerK wkiumlDagger`i `ya `vuZ coDaggerZ iumlisbquo KDaggeri| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK mgq
dagger`Lv hvq AvNvZ RwbZ paraq RwbZ ev Abuml daggerKvb daggerivDaggerMi KviDaggerY wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya
`vuZ cDaggero hvq ev daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| `vuZ covi ci daggerh dvuKv RvqMvwU _vDaggerK daggerm RvqMvwU ZLb
`yB cvDaggerki `vuZ w`Daggerq eUuml nDaggerq hvq| dDaggerj rsquovqx `vuZ DVvi Rbuml chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv daggercDaggerq
Amacr^vfvweK daggerKvb RvqMvq `vuZ DDaggerV Ges `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi mcurrencentvebv daggereDaggero hvq| GB dvuKv
macrrsquovbwU hvDaggerZ cvDaggerki `vuZ Oslashviv eUuml bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl hšiquest bullZwi
KDaggeri w`Daggereb hvDaggerK Space maintainer eDaggerj| KvDaggerRB daggerKvb `ya`vuZ hw` Zvi wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi
AvDaggerM cDaggero hvq ZDaggere dagger`ix bv KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi mvDagger_ dagger`Lv Kisbquob|
ADaggerbK ev‛PvDagger`i dagger`Lv hvq DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj daggerewk evoDaggerQ ev hZUzKz evovi K_v
ZZUzKz evoDaggerQ bv| Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc evošmdash eqDaggerm (6-12) Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cOumlDaggerqvRb AbymvDaggeri Face
mask ev Chin cap eumlenvi KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb hv ev‛Pvi DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimesDaggerK
mwVK AmacrrsquovDaggerb wbDaggerZ mnvqZv KiDaggere|
DaggerVuvU I ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i daggerVvuU I Zvjy kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wVK
Kivi ci mwVK mgq Orthodontist Gmiddotcvbmb macrŒz (Expansion screw) ZvjyDaggerZ jvwMDaggerq
dagger`b hvDaggerZ DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq| G wkiumlDagger`i 8-10 eQi eqDaggerm bone
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grafting Kivi Rbuml kjuml wPwKrmKDaggerK cOumlDaggerqvRbxq civgkcopy I mnvqZv w`Daggerq _vDaggerKb
Orthodontist|
6-12 eQi eqDaggerm hLb wkiumli gyDaggerL `ya I macrrsquovqx Dfq cOumlKvi `vuZ we`umlgvb ZLb hw`
`vuDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo (Cross bite) daggerewk Kvgo (Deep bite) dagger`Lv hvq ZDaggere
Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRbxq eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggereb hvDaggerZ fwelumlDaggerZ KvgocedilDaggerjv AvDaggeriv Lvivc -Gi w`DaggerK
bv hvq|
`ya `vuZ me cDaggero hvevi ci I macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVvi ci AvuKv evuKv DuPz -bxPz `vuZ wVK
Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS Removable Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ
ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere) ev Fixed Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere bv) w`Daggerq
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb|
ADaggerbDaggerKiB gDaggerbB cOumlkœ _vDaggerK daggerh daggerewk eqDaggerm Orthodontic wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere wKbv|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuZ nvo I GDagger`i mvDagger_ mcurrenuacuteKcopyhysup3 structure cedilDaggerjv fvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZDaggere daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv Kiv mcurrencente|
cOumlvszlig eqDaggerm hw` DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj hw` Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes daggercDaggerq _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv
wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj kjuml wPwKrmvi Oslashvimacrrsquo nDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi mdjZv wbfcopyi KDaggeri wPwKrmDaggerKi AwfAacuteZv daggerivMx I Zvi
AwffveDaggerKi mnDaggerhvwMZv I mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi Dci|
gDaggerb ivLDaggereb mgDaggerqi GK daggerdvuo AmgDaggerqi `k daggerdvuo| mwVK mgDaggerq mwVK KvRwU KiDaggerj
Avcwb daggerh djvdj cvDaggereb dagger`ix KDaggeri KvRwU KiDaggerj daggermB djvdj Avcwb bvI daggercDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
Avcbvi daggerKvb wbKURDaggerbi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj mwVK mgDaggerq Orthodontist
Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggerZ fyjDaggereb bv daggerhb|
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Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Dci Bracket
ev Brace covDaggerbv _vDaggerK| Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq
Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv wbDagger`kcopyvejx wVKgZ daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj wPwKrmv cieZcopyx RwUjZv dagger`Lv
dagger`evi mcurrencentvebv LyeB Kg|
Fixed Orthodontic treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq gyL I `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZ weDaggerkl hZœ wbDaggerZ
nDaggere| daggerhme welDaggerqi Dci daggerewk daggerewk bRi ivLDaggerZ nDaggere Zv bxDaggerP dagger`qv nDaggerjvt
1 daggerhw`b daggerivMxi gyDaggerL Bracket emvDaggerbv nDaggere Zvici dagger_DaggerK 24 NrsaquoUv chcopyšmdash ksup3 Lvevi
LvIqv DwPZ bq| GDaggerZ Bracket LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| H 24 NrsaquoUv Lye daggerRvDaggeri daggerRvDaggeri `vuZ
eordfvk Kiv I DwPZ bq| daggerivMx Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv civgkcopy Abyhvqx `vuZ eordfvk
KiDaggere I macr^vfvweK Lvevi LvDaggere|
2 Bracket covDaggerbvi 2-3 w`b chcopyšmdash daggerivMxi GKUz Amacr^wmacrmdash nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GDaggerZ fDaggerqi wKQy
daggerbB| gyDaggerL bZzb wKQy wRwbm emvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2-3 w`b ci Zv AfumlvDaggerm cwiYZ nDaggerq
hvDaggere|
3 cOumlwZevi Lvevi LvIqvi ci AekumlB `vuZ fvDaggerjvfvDaggere eordfvk KiDaggerZ nDaggere| mKvDaggerj I ivDaggerZ
daggerdnotvivBW hysup3 Uz_Daggercdivide w`Daggerq `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggere| Abumlvbuml mgq Uz_ daggercoacute Qvov eordfvk KiDaggerjI
PjDaggere|
4 cOumlwZ wZb (3) gvm ci ci Uz_eordfvk e`j KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Uz_eordfvDaggerki weordfmampjcedilDaggerjv daggerhb big
(Medium soft) nq Zv daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
5 Bracket ev appliance -Gi Dci bxDaggerP 45 daggerKvDaggerY eordfvk aDaggeri `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
6 Lye daggerRvDaggeri Pvc w`Daggerq eordfvk Kiv hvDaggere bv| GDaggerZ KDaggeri Appliance LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
7 `vuDaggerZi daggerh cvDaggerk Appliance AvDaggerQ daggermB cvDaggerk Appliance -Gi Dci AvjDaggerZvfvDaggere
NywiDaggerq NywiDaggerq eordfvk KDaggeri `vuZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| `vuDaggerZi Abumlvbuml cvkcedilDaggerjvI daggerhb
fvDaggerjvfvDaggere cwireglsaquovi Kiv nq daggermw`DaggerK daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
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8 cOumlwZevi Lvevi Gi ci eordfvk Kiv mcurrencente bv nDaggerj LyefvDaggerjv KDaggeri KzjKzwP KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
9 `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerSi gqjv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Dental Floss eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
DaggerKvb KvwV ev myuB w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerLvPvDaggerbv hvDaggere bv|
10 wRnŸv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Tongue Cleanser eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
11 cOumlDaggerqvRDaggerb fvDaggerjv Mouth Wash eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere ZDaggerewPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy
Abyhvqx|
12 `vuDaggerZi gvwo Avfrac12yj w`Daggerq Massage Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
13 daggerKvb appliance daggerfDaggerfrac12 daggerMDaggerj ev LyDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ev Appliance Gi KviDaggerY gyDaggerL daggerKvb
mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj dagger`ix bv KDaggeri mDaggerfrac12 mDaggerfrac12 Orthondontist-Gi civgkcopy wbDaggerZ nDaggere|
14 wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq ksup3 Lvevi (nvo AvL) LvIqv cwinvi KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
15 AvVvDaggerjv RvZxq Lvevi (PzBs Mvg) LvIqv ev` w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
16 daggercqviv AvDaggercj ev daggerh daggerKvb ksup3 Lvevi Kvgo w`Daggerq bv daggerLDaggerq daggerQvU daggerQvU UzKiv KDaggeri
daggerLDaggerZ nDaggere|
17 Orthodontist DaggerhfvDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK AvmDaggerZ ejDaggereb (1gvm ci ci) AekumlB Zv cvjb
KiDaggerZ nDaggere| bv nDaggerj daggerivMxi wPwKrmv daggerkl nDaggerZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi daggerewk jvMDaggere|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbPz `vuZ wVK Kivi Rbuml daggerhgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Oslashviv mwVK wPwKrmv daggerZgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerivMx Ges daggerivMxi AwffveDaggerKi
mnDaggerhvwMZv Ges Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy Abyhvqx Pjv| ZDaggereB DaggerivMx wPwKrmv DaggerkDaggerl cvDaggere
KvwldquoparaZ myrsaquo`i `vuZ|
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mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
50
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ dnotwms
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daggerQvAElig GKwU evMvDaggerb hw` ADaggerbKcedilDaggerjv MvQ daggereDaggero DVDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZDaggere ADaggerbK MvDaggerQi macr^vfvweK ebdquowtimes
weboacute nq Ges evMvbwU wKQyw`b ci Nb Rfrac12Daggerj cwiYZ nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK| ZLb hw` daggermLvb
dagger_DaggerK wKQy MvQ daggerKDaggerU daggerdjv nq ZDaggere evMvbwUi evKxMvQcedilDaggerjv iparav daggercDaggerq macr^vfvweKfvDaggere daggereDaggero
DVDaggere|
daggerZgwb gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerh cwigvY RvqMv AvDaggerQ Zvi daggerPDaggerq hw` `vuDaggerZi msLumlv daggerewk wKsev
`vuZ Lye daggerekx AvuKv evKv DuPz `uvZ _vKDaggerj ZDaggere Zv wVK KDaggeri `vuZDaggerK mywebumlvmacrmdash myrsaquo`i KDaggeri
daggerZvjvi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgq daggerivMxi wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB daggerivMx ev
Zvi AwffveK `vuZ daggerZvjvi K_v iumlbDaggerj fq cvq| Zviv fvDaggere `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ ADaggerbK euml_v
jvMDaggere ev daggerPvDaggerLi daggereordfBDaggerbi hw` daggerKvb parawZ nq| Zviv Orthodontist daggerK `vuZ bv ZzDaggerj
wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml AbyDaggeriva KDaggeri _vDaggerK| wKšlsquo ZvDagger`i G mKj aviYv mcurrenuacute~Ycopy Ag~jK| `vuZ
ZzjDaggerj daggerPvDaggerLi ev daggereordfBDaggerbi daggerKvb parawZ nqbv| GKRb AwfAacute wPwKrmK ZvB KiDaggereb hv KiDaggerj
daggerivMxi wPwKrmv fvDaggerjvfvDaggere mcurrenuacutebœ nDaggere Ges daggerivMx I Zvi AwffveK mšlsquowoacute jvf KiDaggere| Avi
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM wbw copyoacute rsquovb fvDaggerjvfvDaggere Aek KDaggeri wbDaggerj Ges wPwKrmDaggerKi dagger`qv DcDagger`k `vuZ
daggerZvjvi w`b I cieZcopyx KDaggerqKw`b mwVKfvDaggere daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj `vuZ daggerZvjvi ci daggerivMxi daggerZgb daggerKvb
Amyweav nq bv ejDaggerjB PDaggerj|
52
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM
`vuZ daggerZvjvi cDaggeri
53
ADaggerbDaggerKB AvDaggerQb hviv ivDaggerZ NygvDaggerbvi AvDaggerM Ges mKvDaggerj bvmacrmdashv Lvevi ci `vuZ eordfvk
KDaggerib `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Kvj wejcurren^ bv KDaggeri `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggerib
`vuDaggerZi mymacrrsquoZvi Rbuml hv hv `iKvi Zviv Zv-B KDaggerib| GmeB nDaggerjv fvDaggerjv Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi
Rbuml LyeB DcKvix|
wKšlsquo Ggb wKQy Afumlvm AvDaggerQ hv gyL I `vuDaggerZi macr^vDaggermacrrsquoumli Rbuml LyeB parawZKi| Gme
e`AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi bvbv aiDaggerYi mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q| GB AfumlvmcedilDaggerjvi gDaggerauml Avfrac12yj
daggerPvlv wRnŸampv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv ev daggerVjv dagger`Iqv daggerKvb mgmumlv bv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI gyL w`Daggerq wbkbrvbarvm
daggerbqv daggerVvuU I bL KvgovDaggerbv AbumlZg|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK| evev gv hw` GUv daggerLqvj KDaggerib ZDaggere wkiumlDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere daggerh Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv Lvivc| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz nDaggerq hvq ADaggerbK mgq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bvI coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Open bite) bxDaggerPi
54
daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZcedilDaggerjv msKzwPZ nDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK hZUzKz daggerXDaggerK ivLv
DwPZ Zv KDaggerg daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerbvi ci I hw` Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm bv KDaggerg ZDaggere wkiumli 2-3 eQi eqm
chcopyšmdash ADaggercparav KiDaggerZ nDaggere| ADaggerbK mgq 3 eQi eqDaggermi ci wkiumli GB Afumlvm PDaggerj hvq|
ZviciI hw` wkiuml G Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere GKRb AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12
civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| wPwKrmK `iKvi gDaggerb nDaggerj daggerKvb Appliance ev hšiquest w`Daggereb hv
wkiumlDaggerK GB Afumlvm `~i KiDaggerZ mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wkiumli hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK ZDaggere DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DPuy nDaggerq hvq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bv coDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerivMx gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri
wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq Avcbvi daggermvbvgwbi hw` Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml
parawZKi ZDaggere cOuml_DaggergB ZvDaggerK eySvb| ZvDaggerZ KvR bv nDaggerj Aemacrrsquov hvDaggerZ AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv
hvq daggermRbuml AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy Kisbquob|
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OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
56
CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
57
KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
59
GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
60
ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
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daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
10
gvbyl daggermŠrsaquo`Daggerhcopy c~Rvix daggermRbumlB myrsaquo`i gyDaggerLi Rq mecopyIcirc|
gvbyDaggerli daggermŠrsaquo`Daggerhcopyi AbumlZg AjsKvi nDaggerjv myrsaquo`i nvwm| ZvB
GB myrsaquo`i nvwm Kvi bv Kvguml| Avi GB myrsaquo`i nvwmi Rbuml
PvB mymacrrsquo-myrsaquo`i `vuZ| `vuZDaggerK mymacrrsquo ivLvi Rbuml PvB mwVK
cwiPhcopyv| Avi myrsaquo`i nvwm ADaggerbKvsDaggerk wbfcopyi KDaggeri `vuDaggerZi
mwVK webumlvDaggermi Dci| wewfbœ gvbyDaggerli AvuKv evuKv DPz-bxPz
dvuKv `vuZ Avgiv ADaggerbK mgqB daggerLqvj KDaggeri _vwK| `vuDaggerZi Gme
mgmumlv myrsaquo`i nvwmi daggerparaDaggerIcirc cOumlavb Ašmdashivq| G QvovI dagger`Lv dagger`q `vuZ I gvwoi wewfbœ daggerivM
DaggerivMxi K_v ejDaggerZ ev Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri ADaggerbDaggerKB DuPz `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY `yB daggerVvuU eUuml
KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri bv dDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ LyeB Amyrsaquo`i jvDaggerM| daggerivMx cvwievwiK mvgvwRK I gvbwmKfvDaggere
wewfbœ mgmumlvq fyMDaggerZ _vDaggerK| ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcirc daggergDaggerqDagger`i weDaggerqi daggerparaDaggerIcircI evav nDaggerq `vuovq G aiDaggerYi
Amyrsaquo`i `vuZ| wKšlsquo `vuDaggerZi Gme mgmumlv daggerKb nq Gi daggerKvb
mwVK wPwKrmv AvDaggerQ wKbv Zv AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKiB
ARvbv|
`šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi DEumlDaggerivEumli AMOumlMwZi
dDaggerj `vuDaggerZi G aiDaggerYi mgmumlv `~i Kiv Avi daggerKvb eumlvcviB
bv| whwb AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbuPz dvuKv `vuDaggerZi mgmumlv
wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wVK KDaggerib ZvDaggerK ejv nq Orthodontist AvcbvDagger`i myweavDagger_copy Avwg `vuDaggerZi
G aiDaggerYi wKQy mgmumlv KviY cOumlwZKvi I wPwKrmv ctimeswZ wbDaggerq mswparaszligfvDaggere AvDaggerjvPbv Kie hv
cDaggero Avcwb Lye mnDaggerRB eySDaggerZ cviDaggereb Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ daggerKvb mgmumlv AvDaggerQ wKbv hvi Rbuml
Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY Kiv DwPZ| KvDaggerRB ejv hvq Avcwb ev Avcbvi daggerKvb
cwiwPZRb Amyrsaquo`i `vuZ wbDaggerq daggerKvb mgmumlvq fyMDaggerj Orthodontist Gi mvDagger_ daggerhvMvDaggerhvM KDaggeri
Zvi civgcopyk Abyhvqx wPwKrmv wbDaggerq nDaggerZ cvDaggerib gysup3 Siv nvwmi AwaKvix| Avi daggermB nvwmi
wSwjDaggerK Avcbvi Pvicvk nDaggerq DVDaggere AvDaggerjvwKZ|
11
cOumlwZw`b Avwereglsaquovi nDagger‛Q bZzb bZzb wPwKrmv eumlemacrrsquov Ges
ZviB mvDagger_ dagger`Lv w`Dagger‛Q bZzb bZzb daggerivM I mgmumlv| wPwKrmv
weAacutevDaggerbi cwiwa Acwimxg| `šmdash weAacutevDaggerbi wewfbœ welDaggerqi
gDaggerauml ADagger_copyvWbwUKm GKwU AZxe Risbquoix Ges MisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy
welq| `šmdash weAacutevDaggerbi wewfbœ kvLv daggerhgb `vuZ gvwo Ges
gyLMnŸDaggerii kjuml wPwKrmv KhellipwIcircg `vuZ jvMvDaggerbv isbquoU Kumlvbvj wPwKrmv
BZumlvw` welq mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy gvbyDaggerli KgDaggerewk aviYv AvDaggerQ| wKšlsquo ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm katildewU DtradecentvweZ nDaggerqDaggerQ `yOtildewU wMOumlK katilde dagger_DaggerK|
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm = ADagger_copyvm + daggerWvbm = mwVK + `uvZ
ZvnDaggerj ADagger_copyvWbwUKm katildewUi cOumlKhellipZ evsjv cOumlwZkatilde nDagger‛Q Ocirc`vuZ wVK KivOtilde
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm `šmdash weAacutevDaggerbi Ggb GKwU kvLv hv MDaggerelY KDaggeri mvaviY bull`wnK MVb g~jZ
g~DaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerji Ges `vuDaggerZi MVb wbDaggerq Ges GwU AvDaggeriv MDaggerelYv KDaggeri gyDaggerLi mvaviY MVb Kx Kx
KviDaggerY eumlvnZ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges Gi cOumlwZDaggeriva Ges wPwKrmvi Dcvq wbDaggerq hv wbw`copyoacute Rxewe`umlvi
gDaggerauml mxwgZ|
wewfbœ MDaggerelK OcircADagger_copyvWbwUKmDaggerK AvLumlvwqZ KDaggeriDaggerQb wewfbœ fvDaggere| Ocirc`umlv weordfwUk daggermvmvBwU
di w` dividevwW Ae ADagger_copyvWbwUKmOtilde AvLumlvwqZ KDaggeriDaggerQb wbDaggeraeligvsup3fvDaggere
OcircADagger_copyvWbwUKmOtilde -G gyL I daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimes I mcurrencOumlmviY mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy weDaggerePbv I weDaggerkshylY Kiv
nq hv Oslashviv DcDaggerii I wbDaggerPi `vuDaggerZi RvqMv ev Aemacrrsquovb msDaggerkvwaZ nq|
Avgiv ADagger_copyvWbwUKm mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy RvbDaggerj mnDaggerRB eySDaggerZ cvie daggerKvb `vuZ Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere
DaggereDaggero DVDaggerQ DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj wbDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvDagger_ mvgAumlmuml c~Ycopy nDaggerq ebdquowtimes cvDagger‛Q wK bvwK
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz-wbPz dvuKv GDaggerjvDaggergjv iumlayB wK `vuZ bvwK daggerPvqvjUvI DuPz-wbPz wKsev evuKv
`vuZ Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerQ wK bv GZ me cOumlDaggerkœi DEumli Avgiv mnDaggerRB RvbDaggerZ cvwi
12
OcircADagger_copyvWbwUKmOtilde welqUv daggerRDaggerb| iumlay Rvbv daggerKb GB me mgmumlvi mvgvavb w`DaggerZ cvwi
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg| GKUv welq RvbDaggerZ PvBDaggerj ADaggerbK wKQyB Rvbv `iKvi|
ZviciI GB wPwKrmvi cOumlavb wKQy jparauml I DDaggerIumlkuml wbaeligiƒDaggerc ZzDaggerj aiv nDaggerjv-
gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopy ebdquowtimesi Rbuml
ADagger_vcopyWbwUK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopy ebdquowtimes mcurrencente| `vuZDaggerK Zvi macr^vfvweK AemacrrsquovDaggerb
wbDaggerq GDaggerm `vuDaggerZi Ges gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopy ebdquowtimes mcurrencente| GUv AZxe Risbquoix wbaeligiƒc KviDaggerY
gvbyl Amyrsaquo`i `vuZ wbDaggerq daggerh gvbwmK mgmumlvq _vDaggerK Zv Avi nq bv|
cieZcopyx RxeDaggerb mvgvwRK jfrac34vDaggerevDaggerai nvZ dagger_DaggerK wbregKhellipwZ cvIqv hvq|
macr^vfvweKfvDaggere Dci Ges wbDaggerPi daggerVvuDaggerUi Aemacrrsquovb wVK KiDaggerj GwU gvwoDaggerK myiparav KDaggeri Ges
bvK w`Daggerq kbrvbarvm cOumlkbrvbarvm wbDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri|
13
`vuDaggerZi MVDaggerbi Ges KvDaggerRi DbœwZi Rbuml
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg `vuDaggerZi KgcopyparagZv ebdquowtimes cvq| KviY GB wPwKrmvi
gvaumlDaggerg macr^vfvweK Kvgo (Balanced Occlusion with normal over jet amp overbite)
cOumlmacrlsquoZ Kiv nq|
AvuKv evuKv `vuZ wVK Kiv Ges `vuDaggerZi MVDaggerbi macrrsquovwqZiexcl evovDaggerbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg gvbyDaggerli AwZwisup3 `vuZ ev GKB RvqMvq daggerewk `vuZ ev
daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Zvi dDaggerj `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb IjUcvjU G meB wVK Kiv mcurrencente| `vuDaggerZi GB myrsaquo`i
Aemacrrsquovb wVK KiDaggerj cieZcopyxKvDaggerj `vuDaggerZ KumlvwiDaggerRi (daggercvKv LvIqv) gvwoi cOuml`vn BZumlvw` mgmumlv
nq bv|
Abuml `šmdash wPwKrmvi mvnvhumlKvix wnDaggermDaggere
KhellipwIcircg `vuZ emvDaggerbvi Rbuml mwVKfvDaggere RvqMv bullZwi KiDaggerZ|
paray`ordf cwimDaggeri Aiacute wKQy msLumlK DcKvixZv DaggerRDaggerb wbDaggerjb daggerZv
14
Avcbvi myrsaquo`i mvRvDaggerbv Ni hvi me wKQzB cwicvwU| wbfcopyvebvq Avcbvi emevm| hw`
Gi me wKQzB ADaggerMvQvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZvnDaggerj wK fDaggerjv jvMDaggere jvMDaggere bv| wVK daggerZgwbB AvgvDagger`i
DcDaggerii Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUDaggerZ daggergvU 32 wU macrrsquovqx `uvZ _vDaggerK GB 32 wU macrrsquovqx `uvZ Gi macr^vfvweK
Aemacrrsquovb G _vKDaggerj Avcbvi `uvZ dagger`LvDaggere myrsaquo`i mvRvDaggerbv NDaggerii gDaggerZv| hLb `uvZ Zvi mwVK
AemacrrsquovDaggerb _vDaggerK bv ZLb GUv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri GeDaggerov dagger_eDaggerov GDaggerjvDaggergDaggerjv DPz-bxPz AemacrrsquovDaggerb| ZLb
Avcbvi `uvZ Avi mvRvDaggerbv myrsaquo`i AemacrrsquovDaggerb daggerbB daggerbB eDaggerjB dagger`LDaggerZ GiKg| hw` KvDaggeriv `uvZ
Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb daggerbB hv dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMDaggerQ ZvnDaggerj GKRb AfxAacute ADagger_vcopyWbwUdivide nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri Avcbvi cig eUumlz| Dwb cDaggerib mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg Avcbvi `uvZDaggerK myrsaquo`i KiDaggerZ|
ZvnDaggerj AvgvDagger`i mKDaggerji Rvbvi cOumlDaggerqvRb AvmDaggerj `uvDaggerZi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb daggerKvbwU Ges
daggerKv_vq| hvi dDaggerj Avgiv wbDaggerRivB eyDaggerS wbDaggerZ cviDaggerev AvgvDagger`i `uvZ Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerQ
wK bvB|
15
`uvDaggerZi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb wbfcopyi KDaggeri `vuDaggerZi AKnotzmb ev DcDaggerii cvwUi `uvZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi
`uvDaggerZi Kvgo Gi Dci| cOumlKhellipZ ADagger_copy `uvDaggerZi AKnotzmb gvDaggerb nDagger‛Q DcDaggerii cvwUi `uvDaggerZi mvDagger_
bxDaggerPi cvwUi `uvDaggerZi mcurrenuacuteKcopy hLb cvwUOslashq Kvgo dagger`qv ZvDagger`i c~bvcopysM msDaggerhvDaggerM (Cuspal
Occlusion) G iDaggerqDaggerQ|
hLb uvZ Ges `uvDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ Kvgo Zvi meDaggerPDaggerq mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb iDaggerqDaggerQ GgbwK mcurrenuacute~bcopy
KgcopyKZvcopy cwicyYcopy KDaggeri Ges `bdquowoacutebrsaquo`b ZvDaggerK `uvDaggerZi macr^vfvweK Kvgo ev bigvj AKnotzmb eDaggerj|
Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc 1-2wU `uvDaggerZ Aiacute Amacr^vfvweKZv _vKDaggerj I _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
`uvDaggerZi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb`uvDaggerZi macr^vfvweK Kvgo Gi kZcopycedilDaggerjv wbgœiƒc-
1| bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZ cedilDaggerjv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZ MyDaggerjvi Zzjbvq msLumlvMZ w`K w`Daggerq
GKUz mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere| Zvi Kvib nDaggerjv bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZcedilDaggerjv DcDaggerii
daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `uvDaggerZi daggerPDaggerq AvuKvDaggeri daggerQvU|
2| DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZ cedilDaggerjv GKwU wbw`copyoacute `yiZiexcl I KvgDaggeroi gvaumlDaggerg mvgDaggerb Ges wcQDaggerb
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK daggerXDaggerK ivLDaggere|
3| DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclb `uvZ (1st) Gi mvgDaggerb Ges evwnDaggerii w`DaggerK DPuy Ask wU
(Mesio Buccal Cusp) wbDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclb `uvDaggerZi mvgDaggerb Ges evwnDaggerii
gvSvgvwS daggerh uvDaggerZ bumlvq RvqMvq (Buccal Groove) Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
4| DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerQ`b `uvZ wbDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerQ`b Ges AMOumlDaggerclb (1st Premolar)
Gi gaumleZxcopy dvuKv macrrsquovDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
5| wbDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji KZcopyb `uvDaggerZi wKbviv (Incisal Edge) DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji KZcopyb `uvDaggerZi
cbdquoocircDagger`k (Zvjyi w`DaggerK) Gi gaumleZxcopy macrrsquovDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere| hv nDaggerZ nDaggere mwVK `yiZiexcl Ges
mwVK Kvgo mcurrenuacutebœ|
ZvnDaggerj dagger`ix daggerKb Gparazbx 1 wgwbU Avqbvi mvgDaggerb `vwoDaggerq dagger`DaggerL daggerbB AvgvDagger`i `uvZ Ges
`uvDaggerZi Kvgo Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb iDaggerqDaggerQ wK bv
-0-
16
GKwesk kZvatildexDaggerZ wPwKrmv weAacutevb DbœwZi Pig wkLDaggeri Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerQ| GB DbœwZi
daggerRvqvDaggerii mvDagger_ Zvj wgwjDaggerq `šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi AbumlZg cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy kvLv ADagger_vcopyWbwmqv I
GLb AvDaggeriv DbœZ| bvbvwea RwUj mgmumlvi mgvavb nDagger‛Q ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg|
Avmyb Avgiv cwiwPZ nB KZcedilDaggerjv cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy mgmumlvi mDaggerfrac12 hvi mgvavb Lye mnDaggerRB wPwKrmvi
gvaumlDaggerg Kiv hvq|
1 microvDwWs Crowding
GB aiDaggerYi mgmumlvq dagger`Lv hvq daggerPvqvDaggerj `vuZcedilDaggerjv AvuKv evuKv nDaggerq Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerQ ev
daggerPvqvDaggerj chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKvi KviDaggerY GK `vuZ Abuml `vuDaggerZi Dci DDaggerV daggerMDaggerQ|
microvDwWs Crowding
2 daggermacruacutewms (Spacing)
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS
dvuKv RvqMv _vKv|
17
3 wWmDaggercshymDaggergrsaquoU (Displacement)
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq GKwU `vuDaggerZi daggerh RvqMvq Aemacrrsquovb Kivi K_v daggermLvb dagger_DaggerK mDaggeri Abuml
RvqMvq PDaggerj hvq|
wWmDaggercshymDaggergrsaquoU
(Displacement)
4 GKDaggerUvwcK Bivcmb (Ectopic Eruption)
`vuZ Zvi wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV Abuml daggerKvb `vuDaggerZi RvqMvq ev Abuml daggerKvb
Amacr^vfvweK AemacrrsquovDaggerb DDaggerV|
GKDaggerUvwcK Bivcmb
(Ectopic Eruption)
5 Cross Bite ev DDaggereumlv Kvgo Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii daggerPqvDaggerji
mvgDaggerbi `vuZ cedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `uvZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL Ges DcDaggerii
daggerPvqvDaggerji wcQDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ mvgvbuml evBDaggerii
18
w`DaggerK _vDaggerK| GDaggerK Normal Bite ev macr^vfvweK Kvgo eDaggerj| GB Aemacrrsquovi DDaggereumlvwU hLb
NDaggerU ZLb ZvDaggerK Cross Bite ev DDaggereumlv Kvgo eDaggerj|
Cross Bite
ev DDaggereumlv Kvgo
6 (IDaggercb evBU) Open bite
Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerii cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi daggerPqvDaggerji
cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi GKwU macruacutekcopy _vDaggerK| daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` Kvgo dagger`qv Ae rsquovq DcDaggerii cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi msmacruacutekcopy bv _vDaggerK Ges Gi dDaggerj `yB cvwU `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS
dvuKv _vDaggerK ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Open bite eDaggerj|
IDaggercb evBU
(Open bite)
7 wWc evBU (Deep bite)
Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi
GK ZhellipZxqvsk daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL| wKšlsquo daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi cyDaggerivUv daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL ZLb ZvDaggerK Deep bite ev daggerewk Kvgo eDaggerj|
19
(wWc evBU) Deep bite
8 Knotvm 2 gumlvjAKnotzmb
(Class II malocclusion Division 1) GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ macr^vfvweDaggerKi daggerPDaggerq ADaggerbK mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| DcDaggerii cvwUcopyi mvgDaggerbi
`vZcedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK DuPz nq|
Knotvm 2 wWwfkb 1 gumlvjAvKnotzmb
11 Knotvm 3 gumlvjAKnotzmb (Class III Malocclusion)
20
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi cvwcopyUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL
ev DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi Inscisal Edge GDaggerK AcDaggerii DcDaggeri Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| hvDaggerK
Edge To Edge Bite eDaggerj|
Knotvm 3 gumlvjAKnotzmb
12 Zvjy KvUv I daggerVvuU KvUv t
GwU GKwU RbyenMZ mgmumlv ADaggerbDaggerK iumlay daggerVvU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv Avevi ADaggerbDaggerK Dfq
mgmumlv wbDaggerqB RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| AwfAacute wPwKrmKebdquoDaggerrsaquo`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutevi gvaumlDaggerg mwVK
mgDaggerq mwVK wPwKrmv w`Daggerq daggerVvuU I Zvjy KvUv fvDaggerjv Kiv AvRKvj daggerKvb mgmumlvB bq|
21
Zvjy KvUv
daggerVvuU KvUv
DcDaggerii AvDaggerjvPbvq Avwg wKQy mgmumlv Lye mnR fvlvq AvcbvDagger`i eySvDaggerZ daggerPoacutev KDaggeriwQ|
GmKj mgmumlvi mswparaszlig weeiY wfZDaggerii cOumlwZwU AaumlvDaggerq dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev KiwQ|
22
-0-
PROF IIDA JUN ICHI RO DR SAGOR amp
PROF TT YAMAMOTO AT KOREA
23
At IADR Seminar USA
Avcwb nqDaggerZvev Avcbvi wbDaggerRi A_ev daggerKvb wcOumlqRDaggerbi AvuKv evuKv `vuZ wbDaggerq LyeB
`ywethšmdashvMOumlmacr mdash| mywPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg Orthodontist AvcbvDaggerK GB `ywethšmdashv dagger_DaggerK gysup3 KiDaggerZ
cvDaggerib| wKšlsquo Avcwb wK RvDaggerbb daggerKb `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPz bxPz nq Avmyb bxDaggerPi AvDaggerjvPbvi
gvaumlDaggerg Avgiv cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy GB cOumlkœwUi DEumli LyuDaggerR daggerbB|
wewfbœ wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv wewfbœfvDaggere `vuZ AvuKv-evuKv nevi KviY mg~nDaggerK daggerkordfYxetimes
KDaggeriDaggerQb| AvcbvDagger`i Rvbvi myweavDagger_copy Lye mnR fvlvq `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi KviY mg~n wbDaggerP
dagger`qv njt
1| RbyenMZ KviY t K) wkiuml hw` daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| L) wkiumli
RDaggerbyeni mgq gv_vq AvNvZ daggercDaggerj| M) wewfbœ JlDaggerai cvkbrvbarcopy cOumlwZmicroqvi Rbuml|
2| eskMZ KviDaggerYt daggerPvqvj Lye daggerewk eo ev daggerQvU nDaggerj| daggerPvqvDaggerj me `vuZ aDaggeri
ivLvi gZ chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKDaggerj|
3| niDaggergvDaggerbi wewfbœ mgmumlv daggerhgbt Cretinism acromegali _vKDaggerj|
4| daggerPvqvj ev `vuDaggerZi bxDaggerP daggerKvb wUDgvi _vKDaggerj ev AvNvZ daggercDaggerj|
5| fyj ctimeswZDaggerZ Lvevi wMjDaggerj (Improper Swallowing)|
6| gyDaggerL daggerKvb `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKDaggerj|
7| `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AvKhellipwZ Amacr^vfvweK nDaggerj|
8| gyDaggerL AwZwisup3 daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj|
9| DaggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi gDaggerauml jydegvwqZ _vKDaggerj|
10| wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya `vuZ daggerdDaggerj w`Daggerj|
11| `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi ciI ADaggerbKw`b aDaggeri gyDaggerL Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerj|
12| macrrsquovqx daggerKvb `vuZ bv _vKDaggerj|
13| macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVDaggerZ dagger`ix KiDaggerj|
14| AvNvZ daggercDaggerj|
15| DaggerKvb `vuZ mnRfvDaggere DVDaggerZ euml_copy nDaggerj|
16| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv dagger`qv cOumlfbdquowZ AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi
cOumlavb KviYmg~nDaggerZv RvbDaggerjb| Avmyb bv Rvbv AacutevbUvDaggerK KvDaggerR jvMvB| DcDaggerivsup3
24
KviYmg~n hw` KvDaggeriv gvDaggerS dagger`LDaggerZ cvB ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY
KiDaggerZ ewj|
hLb KvDaggeriv gv_vq PzDaggerji cwigvb macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ Kg _vDaggerK ZLb ZvDaggerK KZB bv
`ywethšmdashv MOumlmacr mdash dagger`Lvq| gv_vi Pzjwenxb dvuKv macrrsquovb wKfvDaggere `~i Kiv hvq Zv wbDaggerq daggerhb wPšmdashvi daggerkl
_vDaggerK bv| wVK daggerZgwbfvDaggere wKQy gvbyDaggerli `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMv dagger`Lv hvq| ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcirc
Zviv Abuml gvbyDaggerli mvgDaggerb K_v ejDaggerZ GgbwK cOumlvb LyDaggerj nvmDaggerZI Amacr^wmacrmdash daggereva KDaggeri| hviv dvuKv
`vuDaggerZi mgmumlv fyMDaggerQb ZvDagger`i `ywethšmdashvi w`b daggerkl| ADagger_copyvWbwUKm wPwKrmvi KjumlvDaggerb dvuKv
`vuDaggerZi wPwKrmv GLb Avi daggerKvb mgmumlvB bq|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy
wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
25
mvaviY ADagger_copy Spacing ejDaggerZ Avgiv dvuKv macrrsquovb eywS| wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi fvlvq hLb
g yDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb daggerKvb `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMv _vDaggerK ZLb ZvDaggerK Spacing eDaggerj|
cOumlKviDaggerf` t Spacing `yB aiDaggerYi nDaggerq _vDaggerK|
1) Generalized Spacing daggerPvqvDaggerji me ev AwaKvsk `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv
_vKDaggerj|
2) Localized Spacing `yB ev ZDaggerZvwaK `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerj|
DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `ywU `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerj ZvDaggerK Median
Diastema eDaggerj|
Spacing ev dvuKvi KviY t
1 daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq `vuDaggerZi AvKvi hw` daggerQvU nq
2 RbyenMZfvDaggere daggerKvb `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKDaggerj|
3 Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj|
4 DaggerKvb `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AwZ paraz`ordf nDaggerj|
5 `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerj|
6 wmdivide wUDgvi _vKDaggerj|
7 wRnŸv eo _vKDaggerj| (macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ)
8 `vuZ wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK NyDaggeri daggerMDaggerj
9 GQvov daggerVuvU ev MvDaggerji KviDaggerY A_ev AwZwisup3 daggerKvb `vuZ gyDaggerL _vKDaggerj Zv cvDaggerki
`vuZDaggerK Pressure w`Daggerq mwiDaggerq Spacing KDaggeri|
Spacing wKfvDaggere wbYcopyq Kiv nq t
K) DaggerivMxi gyL MnŸi chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri
L) DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZiƒc ev Model dagger`DaggerL
M) x-ray dagger`DaggerL|
26
Spacing Gi Amyweav mg~nt
duvKv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI daggerivMxi Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv K_v ejvi
mgq daggerKvb daggerKvb katilde macruacuteoacutefvDaggere D‛PviDaggerY mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt
Spacing Gi wPwKrmv Kivi c~Daggerecopy daggerivMxi BwZnvm fvDaggerjvfvDaggere RvbDaggerZ nDaggere Ges
Spacing Gi mcurrencentveuml KviY mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggerZ nDaggere| hw` daggerivMxi Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK
hvi Rbuml `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMvi mbdquowoacute nDagger‛Q ZDaggere daggermB Afumlvm ev` dagger`qvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| ZviciI hw` daggerivMx Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere Habit breaking
appliance eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere| daggerKvb
TumourCyst _vKDaggerj Zv AcmviY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Spacing hw` Lye mvgvbuml cwigvDaggerY nq
Ges daggerivMxi hw` daggerKvb AwfDaggerhvM bv _vDaggerK ZDaggere wPwKrmv bv KivDaggerj I PDaggerj| ZDaggere Spacing
ADaggerbK daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontics wPwKrmv jvMDaggere| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri
wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wK aiDaggerYi wPwKrmv w`Daggereb| Spacing wVK Kivi Rbuml yB aiDaggerYi hšiquest ev
appliance use Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Removable Appliance)
Orthodontist `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ Fixed KDaggeri Appliance wU jvwMDaggerq w`Daggereb
(Fixed appliance) hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggerebv|
hw` `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mvgvbuml dvuKv _vDaggerK ZDaggere `vuDaggerZi iDaggerOi mvDagger_ wgwjDaggerq Filling Kiv
daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
GQvov gyDaggerLi Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS KhellipwIcircg `vuZ ewmDaggerq I Spacing Correction Kiv hvq| DaggerZv
Avcbvi hw` _vDaggerK dvuKv `vuDaggerZi mgmumlv ZDaggere PDaggerj Avmyb AwfAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ| wPwKrmv
KwiDaggerq `vuDaggerZi dvuKv wVK Kisbquob cOumlvY LyDaggerj nvmyb Avi nDaggerq DVyb AvKlcopyYxq|
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mvaviYfvDaggere Crowding ejDaggerZ daggerKvb wKQyi AvwaKumlDaggerK daggerevSvq| wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi
fvlvq gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKvi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi macr^vfvweK webumlvm evavMOumlmacrrsquo nDaggerq daggerh
wekbdquoldquoLjZv mbdquowoacute nq ZvDaggerK Crowding eDaggerj|
KviYmg~nt wewfbœ KviDaggerY gyDaggerL Crowding nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Zvi gDaggerauml DDaggerjshyLDaggerhvMuml
KviYmg~n bxDaggerP Dagger`qv njt
1 gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AvKhellipwZi mvgAumlmuml bv _vKDaggerj|
2 `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj|
3 `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi ADaggerbK AvDaggerM cDaggero daggerMDaggerj
4 macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVDaggerZ dagger`ix nDaggerj
5 AvNvZ daggercDaggerj
6 DaggerKvb `vuZ evowZ _vKDaggerj
7 Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj
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8 daggerPvqvj macr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes bv daggercDaggerj
Crowding wbYcopyqt
1 daggerivMxi gyLMnŸi chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri|
2 DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Model ev cOumlwZiƒc dagger`DaggerL
3 GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL|
Crowding Gi djvdj t
`vuDaggerZi Dci cOumlfvet Gi dDaggerj `vuZ Zvi wbDaggerRi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK NyDaggeri daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri
`vuZ daggernDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri GgbwK daggerKvb daggerKvb `vuZ bvI DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Dci cOumlfve t
1 DaggerivMx mvgvwRKfvDaggere wewfbœ mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
2 DaggermŠrsaquo`hcopynvwb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
3 `vuZ wVKgZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ bv cvivi KviDaggerY `vuZ I gvwoi wewfbœ daggerivDaggerM Avmicrovšmdash
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
4 nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmv t
1 cOumlwZDaggerivag~jK eumlemacrrsquovt
hw` daggerivMxi cwievDaggeri KvDaggeriv `vuDaggerZ Crowding _vDaggerK ZDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist-Gi chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ covi mwVK mgq bv Avmv chcopyšmdash `ya `vuZDaggerK msiparaY Kivi daggerPoacutev KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggerKvb paraqDaggerivM dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerZ daggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml
boacute bv nq|
Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj ZumlvM KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ mwVK mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj Zv wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq daggerdDaggerj dagger`qvi eumlemacrrsquov KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
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gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere avivevwnKfvDaggere wbw`copyoacute wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerK
wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi fvlvq Serial extraction ejv nq|
2 msDaggerkvab g~jK eumlemacrrsquov t
K) DaggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml evovDaggerbv
DaggerPvqvjDaggerK cOumlmvwiZ Kiv
mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK wKQyUv DuPz Kiv
Daggergvjvi `vuZDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerUDaggerb Daggerbqv
vuDaggerZi AvKvi daggerQvU KDaggeri daggerdjv
`vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjv t
Crowding Gi cwigvY Lye daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontist wVK KiDaggereb daggerKvb `vuZwU
daggerdjDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
Crowding Lye daggerewk nDaggerj ev gvSvwi aiDaggerYi nDaggerj Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggerq
Removable ev Fixed daggerh daggerKvb GK aiDaggerYi appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggereb|
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Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi
msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy AvDaggerm| wKšlsquo daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` DcDaggerii cvwUcopyi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy bv
AvDaggerm Ges Gi dDaggerj DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi cvwUcopyi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mecopy`v dvuKv macrrsquovb _vDaggerK Ges gyL
mcurrenuacute~YcopyiƒDaggerc eUuml bv nq ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Open Bite eDaggerj|
mvaviYfvDaggere Open Bite ejDaggerZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi
Kvgo bv jvMvDaggerK daggerevSvq|
Open bite mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ ev wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Open Bite Gi KviY
mg~nt Avfrac12yj weDaggerkl KDaggeri ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Open bite nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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wRnŸv macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ eo _vKDaggerj ev hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjvavdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm
_vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS _vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi
DcDaggerii AsDaggerk (occlusal surface) -G _vDaggerK ZDaggere Open Bite nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
G Qvov daggerivMx hw` Bony Dysplasia Congenital wmwdwjm BZumlvw` daggerivDaggerM fyDaggerM
_vDaggerK ZDaggereI Open bite Gi mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt Open bite Gi wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml mecopycOuml_g daggerivMxDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOuml_Daggerg Open bite nevi KviY
mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggereb| hw` daggerivMxi Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK
ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm `~i Kivi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb
KDaggerib ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm ~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance)
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib daggerivMxDaggerK|
Open bite hw` gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj hvq ZDaggere Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontic
appliance eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri hv Fixed ev Removable daggerh daggerKvb iKgB
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
hw` daggerPvqvDaggerji nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Open bite dagger`Lv hvq Ges daggerivMxi eqm hw` 6-12 eQi
nq ZDaggere Chin cap (Chin cap bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi ev bxDaggerPi w`DaggerKi ebdquowtimes
nIqvDaggerK cOumlwZDaggeriva KDaggeri) Gi mvDagger_ High pull head gear eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nevi ci Ges macrrsquovqx `vuZ me DVvi ci daggerPvqvDaggerji Amacr^vfvweK
ebdquowtimesRwbZ KviDaggerY daggerh Open bite nq Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Surgery Kiv DaggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq KvDaggeriv Open bite Gi mgmumlv _vKDaggerj AvovDaggerj Zvi mgvDaggerjvPbv bv
KDaggeri AvgvDagger`i mKDaggerji DwPZ ZvDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ
ejv| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cieZcopyx KiYxq mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy ejDaggerZ cviDaggereb| Zvui
civgkcopy Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY KiDaggerj Open bite wbivgq Kiv mcurrencente|
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`šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv Class II Malocclusion DaggerK `yB fvDaggerM fvM KDaggeriDaggerQb|
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion
2 Class II division 2 malocclusion
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion t
hw` KvDaggeriv daggerclY `vuDaggerZi mcurrenuacuteKcopy (Molar relation) Class II _vDaggerK Ges DcDaggerii
DaggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZ cedilDaggerjv DPz _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv Class II Division 1 Gi Ašmdashfycopysup3|
Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK
(Convex profile) DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ daggerewk daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL
DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK daggerewk mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| `vuZ DuPz nevi KviDaggerY
daggerivMx ADaggerbK mgq `yB daggerVuvU eUuml KiDaggerZ cvDaggeribv|
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2 Class II division 2 Malocclusion
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc Molar Relation Class II _vKDaggere A_copyvr DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev
Molar `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev Molar `vuDaggerZi dagger_DaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ mvgDaggerb
Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv wKQyUv wfZDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb
KiDaggere| mvaviYZ DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj GKB iKg AemacrrsquovDaggerb _vKDaggere (Straight Profile)
DcDaggerii `vuZcedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK cyDaggerivUv daggerXDaggerK ivLDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`ix bv KDaggeri GKRb Orthodontist daggerK Rvbvb|
Orthodontist wewfbœ chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri wPwKrmv ctimeswZ wVK KiDaggereb|
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Avcbvi AvDaggerk cvDaggerki gvbylcedilDaggerjvDaggerK GKUz fvDaggerjvfvDaggere jpara KiDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggereb daggerewki
fvM gvbyDaggerliB DcDaggeri daggerPvqvj Ges DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji
`vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ mvgvbuml GKUz mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK| Ges GUvB nDaggerjv macr^vfvweK| wKšlsquo wKQy gvbyDaggerli
daggerparaDaggerIcirc Gi DDaggereumlvUv dagger`Lv dagger`q| A_copyvr ZvDagger`i bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK _vDaggerK DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj ev DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ| GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi
fvlvq eDaggerj Class III malocclusion|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
`yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| 1Uv nDaggerjv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY| GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii
cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
35
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi
MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb dagger`DaggerL GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wKfvDaggere wPwKrmv KiDaggerj
daggerivMx mDaggerecopyvEumlg djvdj cvq|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion nq ZDaggere Orthodontic
Treatment A_copyvr iumlaygvIcirc Brace cwoDaggerqB wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere evošmdash ev cwiYZ daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB| ZDaggere Lye daggerewk eqDaggerm wPwKrmv KivDaggerj wPwKrmvi mgq daggereDaggero hvDaggere|
hw` evošmdash eqDaggerm nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion dagger`Lv dagger`q ZDaggere
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvjDaggerK mvgDaggerb Avbvi Rbuml ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvjDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerbqvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK wewfbœ
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aiDaggerYi hšiquest dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri eumlenvDaggerii Rbuml| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Face Mask Chin Cap DDaggerjshyL
daggerhvMuml|
hw` cwiYZ eqDaggerm gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerqi Class III malocclusion hv nvDaggerii MVDaggerbi
KviDaggerY nDaggerqDaggerQ Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ ZDaggere kjuml wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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evBgumlvmiddot
evBgvmiddot `y aiDaggerbi nq| evBgumlvwmiddotjvix cOumlUzordfmb Ges evBgumlvwmiddot jvix cOumlwKnotDaggerbmb| wK KwVb
katilde| Avmyb Lye mnDaggerR daggerRDaggerb daggerbB `uvZ I gvwoi Avi GK mgmumlv hvi bvg evBgvmiddot|
evBgumlvmiddot mgmumlvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj wKsev `uvZ wKsev DfqB mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK DPzu _vDaggerK| dDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv daggerVvU DPzu nDaggerq _vKv GgbwK gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ
cviv mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
mvavibZ `uvZ hw` Zzjbvg~jK fvDaggere eo GgbwK daggerPvqvj jcurren^v wKsev daggerXvK wMjvi mgq
wRnev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK Amacr^vfvweK fvDaggere `uvZDaggerK mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK daggerVjv w`Daggerj GB aiDaggerbi mgmumlv nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| NveovDaggerbvi wKQzB daggerbB GB mgmumlvi mgvavb Lye myrsaquo`i KDaggeri GK AwfAacute ADagger_copyDaggerWbwUdivide
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib| gDaggerb ivLDaggerZ nDaggere cOumlv_wgK Aemacrrsquovq GB mgmumlvi mgvavb KiDaggerj ZZUv RwUjZv nq
bv| eDaggerqvmwUuml KvDaggerji c~Daggere eDaggerqvmmwUuml KvDaggerji mgq Ges cDaggeri wPwKrmv eumlemacrrsquov cbdquo_K cbdquo_K nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
38
myrsaquo`Daggerii c~Rvix mKDaggerjB ZvB GB mgmumlv mgvavb KDaggeri
Avcwb nDaggerq DVyb myrsaquo`i `uvZ I nvwmi AwaKvix
39
daggerMR `vuZ(High Canine) DPz KZcopyb `vuZ t
AvgvDagger`i gyDaggerL eqm 5 eQi chcopyšmdash daggerh 20 wU `vuZ _vDaggerK Zvi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ
_vDaggerK| eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ 20wU `ya `vuZ hLb cDaggero wMDaggerq macrrsquovqx `vuZ DDaggerV ZLbI daggergvU
32wU `vuDaggerZi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ _vDaggerK| G KZcopyb `uvZcedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi 4wU daggerKvbvq AewmacrrsquoZ| ZvB
GDagger`iDaggerK Corner Stone of mouth eDaggerj| bvg iumlbDaggerjB daggerevSv hvq G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Lv`uml`ordfeumlDaggerK
KZcopyb KiDaggerZ Ges wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri| G `vuZ cedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK kwsup3kvjx| KviY G `vuDaggerZi
GbvDaggergDaggerji cyisbquoZiexcl Daggerewk Ges mvgDaggerbi 4wU `vuDaggerZi (Pecopyb `vuZ-Incisor tooth) ciciB
AewmacrrsquoZ| daggerKvb daggerKvb mgq wewfbœ KviY ekZt G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Zvi wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK wfbœ
AemacrrsquovDaggerb dagger`Lv hvq| hw` G `vuZcedilDaggerjv gvwoi gDaggerauml ev DcDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri ZLb ZvDaggerK
High Canine ev daggerMR `vuZ ejv nq| Avevi KLDaggerbv GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv Zvjyi w`K w`Daggerq DDaggerV|
ZLb GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK Palataly placed canine eDaggerj| Avevi KLDaggerbv I gvwo ev Zvjyi wfZDaggeri
G `vuZ Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| ZLb ZvDaggerK Impacted Canine ejv nq| GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi gDaggerauml
AZxe Risbquoix PviwU `vuZ| GB `vuZ daggerhgb Lv`uml`ordfeuml KZcopyb I wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri cvkvcvwk
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daggerPvqvDaggerji bovPovDaggerK wbqšiquestY KDaggeri| GB `vuZDaggerK Beauty tooth I ejv nq| ZvB G `vuDaggerZi
mvwietimesfvDaggere webumlvm LyeB Risbquoix|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ daggerh KDaggerqKwU mgmumlv ZzDaggerj aiv nDaggerjv G mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi mgvavb LyeB Risbquoix|
hw` daggerKD GiKg daggerKvb mgmumlvq fyDaggerM _vDaggerKb ZDaggere AwfAacute Orthodontist -B nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
Avcbvi myrsaquo`i nvwm wdwiDaggerq dagger`qvi cig eUumlz|
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daggerVvuU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerki wkiumlDagger`i GKwU AbumlZg
mgmumlv| wewfbœ MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv wMDaggerqDaggerQ cOumlwZ 700 RDaggerb 1 Rb daggerVvuU KvUv Ges cOumlwZ 1000 RDaggerb
1 Rb wkiuml Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| daggerVvuU KvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggerQDaggerj wkiumlDagger`i Ges
ZvjyKvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggergDaggerq-wkiumlDagger`i gvDaggerS|
wewfbœ KviDaggerY wkiuml daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri _vDaggerK| kZKiv 25 fvM daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GUv eskMZ KviDaggerY nDaggerq _vDaggerK| hw` 1 Rb ZvjyKvUv daggerivMx 1 Rb mymacrrsquo gvbylDaggerK weDaggerq KDaggeri ZDaggere
ZvDagger`i ev‛Pvi ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kivi mcurrencentvebv kZKiv 2 fvM|
Mfcopyvemacrrsquovi cOuml_g fvDaggerM gv hw` daggerKvb fvBivj BbDaggerdKkDaggerb Avmicrovšmdash nq ev kvixwiKfvDaggere
AvNvZcOumlvszlig nq ev niDaggergvDaggerbi fvimvgumlnxbZvq fyDaggerM ev wfUvwgDaggerbi AfvDaggere fyDaggerM _vDaggerK ev
daggeriwWDaggerqkDaggerb GmiddotDaggercvR nq ev _umlvwjDaggerWvgvBW RvZxq Ilya MOumlnY KDaggeri ZDaggere wkiumli daggerVvuU ev
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| KvDaggerQi AvZyenxq macr^RDaggerbi gvDaggerS weDaggerq nDaggerjI wkiuml G mgmumlv
wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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DaggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq wkiuml RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerj cwieviDaggerK bvbv aiDaggerYi mvgvwRK I gvbwmK
mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ nq| wkiuml hLb GB mgmumlv wbDaggerq eo nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZLb daggermI gvbwmKfvDaggere
nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ _vDaggerK| G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ K_v
ejDaggerZ I iumlbDaggerZ mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| `vuDaggerZi mgmumlvi gDaggerauml hv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Zvi gDaggerauml AbumlZg
nDagger‛Q-wewfbœ `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKv `vuZ wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV gyDaggerLi Abuml daggerKvb RvqMvq
DVv evowZ wKQy `vuZ _vKv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb ksup3 bv nIqv `vuDaggerZi MVb myrsaquo`i bv nIqv
gvwoi wewfbœ mgmumlv `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPy-bxPz nIqv|
daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv daggerivMxDagger`i wPwKrmv weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmKDagger`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutev Qvov mcurrencente
bq| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Orthodontist Gi f~wgKv iumlisbquo nq ev‛Pvi RDaggerbyeni ci ciB| daggerhDaggernZz daggerVvuU I
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv nq daggermRbuml wkiumli RDaggerbyeni ci ciB
gyDaggerLi wfZi covi Rbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b daggerhb wkiumli daggerLDaggerZ
daggerKvb mgmumlv bv nq|
kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wkiumli 3-6 gvm eqDaggerm daggerVvuU I 1-2 eQi eqDaggerm Zvjy wVK KiDaggerZ
nDaggere GKRb AwfAacute kjuml wPwKrmK Oslashviv| kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg daggerVvuU I Zvjy wVK Kivi ci
wkiumli DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj hvDaggerZ msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GK aiDaggerYi
Appliance ev hšiquest bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b|
wkiumli Mixed dentition stage (6-12 eQi eqm) -G gyDaggerL daggerKvb AwZwisup3 `vuZ
_vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GQvov mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Cross bite _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuZ
AvuKv evKv _vKDaggerj ev Molar ev daggerclY `vDaggerZi Relation wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere Removable ev Fixed appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo
KiDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
me macrrsquovqx `vuZ PDaggerj Avmvi ci macrrsquovqxfvDaggere daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Kvgo (Occlusion
improve) wVK Kivi Rbuml Fixed ev Removable appliance w`Daggerq Orthodontist
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb Ges daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggereb|
GB mgDaggerq gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyDaggerK wVK Kivi Rbuml cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj Bony Graft Kiv daggerhDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| Gi dDaggerj Orthodontic treatment Gi daggerh djvdj ZvI Aparazbœ _vKDaggere|
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daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLvi ci Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere daggerivMxDaggerK
Permanent Retainer bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv daggerivMxDaggerK me mgq cDaggero _vKDaggerZ nDaggere|
Amacrlsaquovi weRqx DaggerRvqvDaggerKb wdwbmiddot RDaggerbyeni mgq daggerVvuU KvuUv wQj
daggerVvuU KuvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv daggerKvb Awfkvc bq| mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg
GDaggerK mvwiDaggerq daggerZvjv mcurrencente| `iKvi iumlay mevi mDaggerPZbZv Avi mwVK mgDaggerq weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri daggerm Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY Kiv|
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ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerKvb eqDaggerm iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ Zv AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKiB ARvbv|
ADaggerbK AwffveKB eySDaggerZ cvDaggerib bv wkiumli ADagger_copyvWbwUK mgmumlvi Rbuml daggerKvb eqDaggerm
Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| AAacutevbZvi Rbuml ev Abuml daggerKvb wOslashav-OslashDaggerrsaquo`i
KviDaggerY Zviv ADaggerbK mgqB ADaggerbK dagger`ix KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb wPwKrmvi
Rbuml| dDaggerj wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc wPwKrmvi eumlvwszligKvj daggereDaggero hvq| wKQyDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK
chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc
wPwKrmvi djvdj Avkvbyiƒc nq bv| KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv KZUv
Risbquoix| GLb Avwg ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi eqm mxgv wbDaggerq AvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri AvcbvDagger`i
wKQyUv nDaggerjI aviYv dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev Kie|
AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerk ADaggerbK wkiumlB daggerVvuU ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| Kzmsmacrlsaquoviv‛Qbœ
gvbyliv GDaggerK Awfkvc ev fvDaggerMumli wjLb gDaggerb KDaggeri nvZ cv cedilwUDaggerq eDaggerm _vDaggerK daggerKvb wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri bv| wKšlsquo gDaggerb ivLDaggereb daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumli
AwffveKDagger`i DwPZ RDaggerbyeni ci ciB GKRb AwfAacute Orhodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY Kiv|
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KviY G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i RDaggerbyeni ciB cOumlavb I cOuml_g daggerh mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q Zv nDaggerjv Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mgmumlv| Orthodontist Gmgq GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv wkiumlDaggerK Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml LyeB parawZKi GKwU Afumlvm|
mvaviYZ `yB dagger_DaggerK wZb eQi eqDaggermi gDaggerauml Avcbv Avcwb wkiuml G AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KDaggeri daggerdDaggerj|
wKšlsquo ZviciI hw` wkiuml AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere AwffveKDagger`i Gi parawZKi w`KwU
mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere Ges microgvMZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv PjDaggerZ _vKDaggerj wkiumlDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj G AfumlvmwU
`~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance) bullZwi KDaggeri w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib
hvDaggerZ KDaggeri fwelumlDaggerZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi KviDaggerY wkiumli `vuDaggerZi webumlvm AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv hvq|
mvaviYZ 5-6 eQi eqm dagger_DaggerK wkiumlDagger`i `ya `vuZ coDaggerZ iumlisbquo KDaggeri| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK mgq
dagger`Lv hvq AvNvZ RwbZ paraq RwbZ ev Abuml daggerKvb daggerivDaggerMi KviDaggerY wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya
`vuZ cDaggero hvq ev daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| `vuZ covi ci daggerh dvuKv RvqMvwU _vDaggerK daggerm RvqMvwU ZLb
`yB cvDaggerki `vuZ w`Daggerq eUuml nDaggerq hvq| dDaggerj rsquovqx `vuZ DVvi Rbuml chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv daggercDaggerq
Amacr^vfvweK daggerKvb RvqMvq `vuZ DDaggerV Ges `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi mcurrencentvebv daggereDaggero hvq| GB dvuKv
macrrsquovbwU hvDaggerZ cvDaggerki `vuZ Oslashviv eUuml bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl hšiquest bullZwi
KDaggeri w`Daggereb hvDaggerK Space maintainer eDaggerj| KvDaggerRB daggerKvb `ya`vuZ hw` Zvi wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi
AvDaggerM cDaggero hvq ZDaggere dagger`ix bv KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi mvDagger_ dagger`Lv Kisbquob|
ADaggerbK ev‛PvDagger`i dagger`Lv hvq DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj daggerewk evoDaggerQ ev hZUzKz evovi K_v
ZZUzKz evoDaggerQ bv| Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc evošmdash eqDaggerm (6-12) Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cOumlDaggerqvRb AbymvDaggeri Face
mask ev Chin cap eumlenvi KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb hv ev‛Pvi DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimesDaggerK
mwVK AmacrrsquovDaggerb wbDaggerZ mnvqZv KiDaggere|
DaggerVuvU I ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i daggerVvuU I Zvjy kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wVK
Kivi ci mwVK mgq Orthodontist Gmiddotcvbmb macrŒz (Expansion screw) ZvjyDaggerZ jvwMDaggerq
dagger`b hvDaggerZ DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq| G wkiumlDagger`i 8-10 eQi eqDaggerm bone
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grafting Kivi Rbuml kjuml wPwKrmKDaggerK cOumlDaggerqvRbxq civgkcopy I mnvqZv w`Daggerq _vDaggerKb
Orthodontist|
6-12 eQi eqDaggerm hLb wkiumli gyDaggerL `ya I macrrsquovqx Dfq cOumlKvi `vuZ we`umlgvb ZLb hw`
`vuDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo (Cross bite) daggerewk Kvgo (Deep bite) dagger`Lv hvq ZDaggere
Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRbxq eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggereb hvDaggerZ fwelumlDaggerZ KvgocedilDaggerjv AvDaggeriv Lvivc -Gi w`DaggerK
bv hvq|
`ya `vuZ me cDaggero hvevi ci I macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVvi ci AvuKv evuKv DuPz -bxPz `vuZ wVK
Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS Removable Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ
ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere) ev Fixed Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere bv) w`Daggerq
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb|
ADaggerbDaggerKiB gDaggerbB cOumlkœ _vDaggerK daggerh daggerewk eqDaggerm Orthodontic wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere wKbv|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuZ nvo I GDagger`i mvDagger_ mcurrenuacuteKcopyhysup3 structure cedilDaggerjv fvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZDaggere daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv Kiv mcurrencente|
cOumlvszlig eqDaggerm hw` DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj hw` Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes daggercDaggerq _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv
wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj kjuml wPwKrmvi Oslashvimacrrsquo nDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi mdjZv wbfcopyi KDaggeri wPwKrmDaggerKi AwfAacuteZv daggerivMx I Zvi
AwffveDaggerKi mnDaggerhvwMZv I mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi Dci|
gDaggerb ivLDaggereb mgDaggerqi GK daggerdvuo AmgDaggerqi `k daggerdvuo| mwVK mgDaggerq mwVK KvRwU KiDaggerj
Avcwb daggerh djvdj cvDaggereb dagger`ix KDaggeri KvRwU KiDaggerj daggermB djvdj Avcwb bvI daggercDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
Avcbvi daggerKvb wbKURDaggerbi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj mwVK mgDaggerq Orthodontist
Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggerZ fyjDaggereb bv daggerhb|
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Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Dci Bracket
ev Brace covDaggerbv _vDaggerK| Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq
Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv wbDagger`kcopyvejx wVKgZ daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj wPwKrmv cieZcopyx RwUjZv dagger`Lv
dagger`evi mcurrencentvebv LyeB Kg|
Fixed Orthodontic treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq gyL I `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZ weDaggerkl hZœ wbDaggerZ
nDaggere| daggerhme welDaggerqi Dci daggerewk daggerewk bRi ivLDaggerZ nDaggere Zv bxDaggerP dagger`qv nDaggerjvt
1 daggerhw`b daggerivMxi gyDaggerL Bracket emvDaggerbv nDaggere Zvici dagger_DaggerK 24 NrsaquoUv chcopyšmdash ksup3 Lvevi
LvIqv DwPZ bq| GDaggerZ Bracket LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| H 24 NrsaquoUv Lye daggerRvDaggeri daggerRvDaggeri `vuZ
eordfvk Kiv I DwPZ bq| daggerivMx Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv civgkcopy Abyhvqx `vuZ eordfvk
KiDaggere I macr^vfvweK Lvevi LvDaggere|
2 Bracket covDaggerbvi 2-3 w`b chcopyšmdash daggerivMxi GKUz Amacr^wmacrmdash nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GDaggerZ fDaggerqi wKQy
daggerbB| gyDaggerL bZzb wKQy wRwbm emvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2-3 w`b ci Zv AfumlvDaggerm cwiYZ nDaggerq
hvDaggere|
3 cOumlwZevi Lvevi LvIqvi ci AekumlB `vuZ fvDaggerjvfvDaggere eordfvk KiDaggerZ nDaggere| mKvDaggerj I ivDaggerZ
daggerdnotvivBW hysup3 Uz_Daggercdivide w`Daggerq `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggere| Abumlvbuml mgq Uz_ daggercoacute Qvov eordfvk KiDaggerjI
PjDaggere|
4 cOumlwZ wZb (3) gvm ci ci Uz_eordfvk e`j KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Uz_eordfvDaggerki weordfmampjcedilDaggerjv daggerhb big
(Medium soft) nq Zv daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
5 Bracket ev appliance -Gi Dci bxDaggerP 45 daggerKvDaggerY eordfvk aDaggeri `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
6 Lye daggerRvDaggeri Pvc w`Daggerq eordfvk Kiv hvDaggere bv| GDaggerZ KDaggeri Appliance LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
7 `vuDaggerZi daggerh cvDaggerk Appliance AvDaggerQ daggermB cvDaggerk Appliance -Gi Dci AvjDaggerZvfvDaggere
NywiDaggerq NywiDaggerq eordfvk KDaggeri `vuZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| `vuDaggerZi Abumlvbuml cvkcedilDaggerjvI daggerhb
fvDaggerjvfvDaggere cwireglsaquovi Kiv nq daggermw`DaggerK daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
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8 cOumlwZevi Lvevi Gi ci eordfvk Kiv mcurrencente bv nDaggerj LyefvDaggerjv KDaggeri KzjKzwP KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
9 `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerSi gqjv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Dental Floss eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
DaggerKvb KvwV ev myuB w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerLvPvDaggerbv hvDaggere bv|
10 wRnŸv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Tongue Cleanser eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
11 cOumlDaggerqvRDaggerb fvDaggerjv Mouth Wash eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere ZDaggerewPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy
Abyhvqx|
12 `vuDaggerZi gvwo Avfrac12yj w`Daggerq Massage Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
13 daggerKvb appliance daggerfDaggerfrac12 daggerMDaggerj ev LyDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ev Appliance Gi KviDaggerY gyDaggerL daggerKvb
mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj dagger`ix bv KDaggeri mDaggerfrac12 mDaggerfrac12 Orthondontist-Gi civgkcopy wbDaggerZ nDaggere|
14 wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq ksup3 Lvevi (nvo AvL) LvIqv cwinvi KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
15 AvVvDaggerjv RvZxq Lvevi (PzBs Mvg) LvIqv ev` w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
16 daggercqviv AvDaggercj ev daggerh daggerKvb ksup3 Lvevi Kvgo w`Daggerq bv daggerLDaggerq daggerQvU daggerQvU UzKiv KDaggeri
daggerLDaggerZ nDaggere|
17 Orthodontist DaggerhfvDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK AvmDaggerZ ejDaggereb (1gvm ci ci) AekumlB Zv cvjb
KiDaggerZ nDaggere| bv nDaggerj daggerivMxi wPwKrmv daggerkl nDaggerZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi daggerewk jvMDaggere|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbPz `vuZ wVK Kivi Rbuml daggerhgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Oslashviv mwVK wPwKrmv daggerZgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerivMx Ges daggerivMxi AwffveDaggerKi
mnDaggerhvwMZv Ges Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy Abyhvqx Pjv| ZDaggereB DaggerivMx wPwKrmv DaggerkDaggerl cvDaggere
KvwldquoparaZ myrsaquo`i `vuZ|
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mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
50
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ dnotwms
51
daggerQvAElig GKwU evMvDaggerb hw` ADaggerbKcedilDaggerjv MvQ daggereDaggero DVDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZDaggere ADaggerbK MvDaggerQi macr^vfvweK ebdquowtimes
weboacute nq Ges evMvbwU wKQyw`b ci Nb Rfrac12Daggerj cwiYZ nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK| ZLb hw` daggermLvb
dagger_DaggerK wKQy MvQ daggerKDaggerU daggerdjv nq ZDaggere evMvbwUi evKxMvQcedilDaggerjv iparav daggercDaggerq macr^vfvweKfvDaggere daggereDaggero
DVDaggere|
daggerZgwb gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerh cwigvY RvqMv AvDaggerQ Zvi daggerPDaggerq hw` `vuDaggerZi msLumlv daggerewk wKsev
`vuZ Lye daggerekx AvuKv evKv DuPz `uvZ _vKDaggerj ZDaggere Zv wVK KDaggeri `vuZDaggerK mywebumlvmacrmdash myrsaquo`i KDaggeri
daggerZvjvi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgq daggerivMxi wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB daggerivMx ev
Zvi AwffveK `vuZ daggerZvjvi K_v iumlbDaggerj fq cvq| Zviv fvDaggere `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ ADaggerbK euml_v
jvMDaggere ev daggerPvDaggerLi daggereordfBDaggerbi hw` daggerKvb parawZ nq| Zviv Orthodontist daggerK `vuZ bv ZzDaggerj
wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml AbyDaggeriva KDaggeri _vDaggerK| wKšlsquo ZvDagger`i G mKj aviYv mcurrenuacute~Ycopy Ag~jK| `vuZ
ZzjDaggerj daggerPvDaggerLi ev daggereordfBDaggerbi daggerKvb parawZ nqbv| GKRb AwfAacute wPwKrmK ZvB KiDaggereb hv KiDaggerj
daggerivMxi wPwKrmv fvDaggerjvfvDaggere mcurrenuacutebœ nDaggere Ges daggerivMx I Zvi AwffveK mšlsquowoacute jvf KiDaggere| Avi
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM wbw copyoacute rsquovb fvDaggerjvfvDaggere Aek KDaggeri wbDaggerj Ges wPwKrmDaggerKi dagger`qv DcDagger`k `vuZ
daggerZvjvi w`b I cieZcopyx KDaggerqKw`b mwVKfvDaggere daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj `vuZ daggerZvjvi ci daggerivMxi daggerZgb daggerKvb
Amyweav nq bv ejDaggerjB PDaggerj|
52
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM
`vuZ daggerZvjvi cDaggeri
53
ADaggerbDaggerKB AvDaggerQb hviv ivDaggerZ NygvDaggerbvi AvDaggerM Ges mKvDaggerj bvmacrmdashv Lvevi ci `vuZ eordfvk
KDaggerib `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Kvj wejcurren^ bv KDaggeri `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggerib
`vuDaggerZi mymacrrsquoZvi Rbuml hv hv `iKvi Zviv Zv-B KDaggerib| GmeB nDaggerjv fvDaggerjv Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi
Rbuml LyeB DcKvix|
wKšlsquo Ggb wKQy Afumlvm AvDaggerQ hv gyL I `vuDaggerZi macr^vDaggermacrrsquoumli Rbuml LyeB parawZKi| Gme
e`AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi bvbv aiDaggerYi mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q| GB AfumlvmcedilDaggerjvi gDaggerauml Avfrac12yj
daggerPvlv wRnŸampv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv ev daggerVjv dagger`Iqv daggerKvb mgmumlv bv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI gyL w`Daggerq wbkbrvbarvm
daggerbqv daggerVvuU I bL KvgovDaggerbv AbumlZg|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK| evev gv hw` GUv daggerLqvj KDaggerib ZDaggere wkiumlDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere daggerh Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv Lvivc| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz nDaggerq hvq ADaggerbK mgq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bvI coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Open bite) bxDaggerPi
54
daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZcedilDaggerjv msKzwPZ nDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK hZUzKz daggerXDaggerK ivLv
DwPZ Zv KDaggerg daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerbvi ci I hw` Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm bv KDaggerg ZDaggere wkiumli 2-3 eQi eqm
chcopyšmdash ADaggercparav KiDaggerZ nDaggere| ADaggerbK mgq 3 eQi eqDaggermi ci wkiumli GB Afumlvm PDaggerj hvq|
ZviciI hw` wkiuml G Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere GKRb AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12
civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| wPwKrmK `iKvi gDaggerb nDaggerj daggerKvb Appliance ev hšiquest w`Daggereb hv
wkiumlDaggerK GB Afumlvm `~i KiDaggerZ mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wkiumli hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK ZDaggere DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DPuy nDaggerq hvq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bv coDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerivMx gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri
wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq Avcbvi daggermvbvgwbi hw` Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml
parawZKi ZDaggere cOuml_DaggergB ZvDaggerK eySvb| ZvDaggerZ KvR bv nDaggerj Aemacrrsquov hvDaggerZ AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv
hvq daggermRbuml AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy Kisbquob|
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OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
56
CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
57
KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
59
GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
60
ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
61
daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
11
cOumlwZw`b Avwereglsaquovi nDagger‛Q bZzb bZzb wPwKrmv eumlemacrrsquov Ges
ZviB mvDagger_ dagger`Lv w`Dagger‛Q bZzb bZzb daggerivM I mgmumlv| wPwKrmv
weAacutevDaggerbi cwiwa Acwimxg| `šmdash weAacutevDaggerbi wewfbœ welDaggerqi
gDaggerauml ADagger_copyvWbwUKm GKwU AZxe Risbquoix Ges MisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy
welq| `šmdash weAacutevDaggerbi wewfbœ kvLv daggerhgb `vuZ gvwo Ges
gyLMnŸDaggerii kjuml wPwKrmv KhellipwIcircg `vuZ jvMvDaggerbv isbquoU Kumlvbvj wPwKrmv
BZumlvw` welq mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy gvbyDaggerli KgDaggerewk aviYv AvDaggerQ| wKšlsquo ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm katildewU DtradecentvweZ nDaggerqDaggerQ `yOtildewU wMOumlK katilde dagger_DaggerK|
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm = ADagger_copyvm + daggerWvbm = mwVK + `uvZ
ZvnDaggerj ADagger_copyvWbwUKm katildewUi cOumlKhellipZ evsjv cOumlwZkatilde nDagger‛Q Ocirc`vuZ wVK KivOtilde
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm `šmdash weAacutevDaggerbi Ggb GKwU kvLv hv MDaggerelY KDaggeri mvaviY bull`wnK MVb g~jZ
g~DaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerji Ges `vuDaggerZi MVb wbDaggerq Ges GwU AvDaggeriv MDaggerelYv KDaggeri gyDaggerLi mvaviY MVb Kx Kx
KviDaggerY eumlvnZ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges Gi cOumlwZDaggeriva Ges wPwKrmvi Dcvq wbDaggerq hv wbw`copyoacute Rxewe`umlvi
gDaggerauml mxwgZ|
wewfbœ MDaggerelK OcircADagger_copyvWbwUKmDaggerK AvLumlvwqZ KDaggeriDaggerQb wewfbœ fvDaggere| Ocirc`umlv weordfwUk daggermvmvBwU
di w` dividevwW Ae ADagger_copyvWbwUKmOtilde AvLumlvwqZ KDaggeriDaggerQb wbDaggeraeligvsup3fvDaggere
OcircADagger_copyvWbwUKmOtilde -G gyL I daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimes I mcurrencOumlmviY mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy weDaggerePbv I weDaggerkshylY Kiv
nq hv Oslashviv DcDaggerii I wbDaggerPi `vuDaggerZi RvqMv ev Aemacrrsquovb msDaggerkvwaZ nq|
Avgiv ADagger_copyvWbwUKm mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy RvbDaggerj mnDaggerRB eySDaggerZ cvie daggerKvb `vuZ Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere
DaggereDaggero DVDaggerQ DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj wbDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvDagger_ mvgAumlmuml c~Ycopy nDaggerq ebdquowtimes cvDagger‛Q wK bvwK
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz-wbPz dvuKv GDaggerjvDaggergjv iumlayB wK `vuZ bvwK daggerPvqvjUvI DuPz-wbPz wKsev evuKv
`vuZ Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerQ wK bv GZ me cOumlDaggerkœi DEumli Avgiv mnDaggerRB RvbDaggerZ cvwi
12
OcircADagger_copyvWbwUKmOtilde welqUv daggerRDaggerb| iumlay Rvbv daggerKb GB me mgmumlvi mvgvavb w`DaggerZ cvwi
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg| GKUv welq RvbDaggerZ PvBDaggerj ADaggerbK wKQyB Rvbv `iKvi|
ZviciI GB wPwKrmvi cOumlavb wKQy jparauml I DDaggerIumlkuml wbaeligiƒDaggerc ZzDaggerj aiv nDaggerjv-
gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopy ebdquowtimesi Rbuml
ADagger_vcopyWbwUK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopy ebdquowtimes mcurrencente| `vuZDaggerK Zvi macr^vfvweK AemacrrsquovDaggerb
wbDaggerq GDaggerm `vuDaggerZi Ges gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopy ebdquowtimes mcurrencente| GUv AZxe Risbquoix wbaeligiƒc KviDaggerY
gvbyl Amyrsaquo`i `vuZ wbDaggerq daggerh gvbwmK mgmumlvq _vDaggerK Zv Avi nq bv|
cieZcopyx RxeDaggerb mvgvwRK jfrac34vDaggerevDaggerai nvZ dagger_DaggerK wbregKhellipwZ cvIqv hvq|
macr^vfvweKfvDaggere Dci Ges wbDaggerPi daggerVvuDaggerUi Aemacrrsquovb wVK KiDaggerj GwU gvwoDaggerK myiparav KDaggeri Ges
bvK w`Daggerq kbrvbarvm cOumlkbrvbarvm wbDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri|
13
`vuDaggerZi MVDaggerbi Ges KvDaggerRi DbœwZi Rbuml
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg `vuDaggerZi KgcopyparagZv ebdquowtimes cvq| KviY GB wPwKrmvi
gvaumlDaggerg macr^vfvweK Kvgo (Balanced Occlusion with normal over jet amp overbite)
cOumlmacrlsquoZ Kiv nq|
AvuKv evuKv `vuZ wVK Kiv Ges `vuDaggerZi MVDaggerbi macrrsquovwqZiexcl evovDaggerbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg gvbyDaggerli AwZwisup3 `vuZ ev GKB RvqMvq daggerewk `vuZ ev
daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Zvi dDaggerj `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb IjUcvjU G meB wVK Kiv mcurrencente| `vuDaggerZi GB myrsaquo`i
Aemacrrsquovb wVK KiDaggerj cieZcopyxKvDaggerj `vuDaggerZ KumlvwiDaggerRi (daggercvKv LvIqv) gvwoi cOuml`vn BZumlvw` mgmumlv
nq bv|
Abuml `šmdash wPwKrmvi mvnvhumlKvix wnDaggermDaggere
KhellipwIcircg `vuZ emvDaggerbvi Rbuml mwVKfvDaggere RvqMv bullZwi KiDaggerZ|
paray`ordf cwimDaggeri Aiacute wKQy msLumlK DcKvixZv DaggerRDaggerb wbDaggerjb daggerZv
14
Avcbvi myrsaquo`i mvRvDaggerbv Ni hvi me wKQzB cwicvwU| wbfcopyvebvq Avcbvi emevm| hw`
Gi me wKQzB ADaggerMvQvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZvnDaggerj wK fDaggerjv jvMDaggere jvMDaggere bv| wVK daggerZgwbB AvgvDagger`i
DcDaggerii Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUDaggerZ daggergvU 32 wU macrrsquovqx `uvZ _vDaggerK GB 32 wU macrrsquovqx `uvZ Gi macr^vfvweK
Aemacrrsquovb G _vKDaggerj Avcbvi `uvZ dagger`LvDaggere myrsaquo`i mvRvDaggerbv NDaggerii gDaggerZv| hLb `uvZ Zvi mwVK
AemacrrsquovDaggerb _vDaggerK bv ZLb GUv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri GeDaggerov dagger_eDaggerov GDaggerjvDaggergDaggerjv DPz-bxPz AemacrrsquovDaggerb| ZLb
Avcbvi `uvZ Avi mvRvDaggerbv myrsaquo`i AemacrrsquovDaggerb daggerbB daggerbB eDaggerjB dagger`LDaggerZ GiKg| hw` KvDaggeriv `uvZ
Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb daggerbB hv dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMDaggerQ ZvnDaggerj GKRb AfxAacute ADagger_vcopyWbwUdivide nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri Avcbvi cig eUumlz| Dwb cDaggerib mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg Avcbvi `uvZDaggerK myrsaquo`i KiDaggerZ|
ZvnDaggerj AvgvDagger`i mKDaggerji Rvbvi cOumlDaggerqvRb AvmDaggerj `uvDaggerZi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb daggerKvbwU Ges
daggerKv_vq| hvi dDaggerj Avgiv wbDaggerRivB eyDaggerS wbDaggerZ cviDaggerev AvgvDagger`i `uvZ Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerQ
wK bvB|
15
`uvDaggerZi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb wbfcopyi KDaggeri `vuDaggerZi AKnotzmb ev DcDaggerii cvwUi `uvZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi
`uvDaggerZi Kvgo Gi Dci| cOumlKhellipZ ADagger_copy `uvDaggerZi AKnotzmb gvDaggerb nDagger‛Q DcDaggerii cvwUi `uvDaggerZi mvDagger_
bxDaggerPi cvwUi `uvDaggerZi mcurrenuacuteKcopy hLb cvwUOslashq Kvgo dagger`qv ZvDagger`i c~bvcopysM msDaggerhvDaggerM (Cuspal
Occlusion) G iDaggerqDaggerQ|
hLb uvZ Ges `uvDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ Kvgo Zvi meDaggerPDaggerq mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb iDaggerqDaggerQ GgbwK mcurrenuacute~bcopy
KgcopyKZvcopy cwicyYcopy KDaggeri Ges `bdquowoacutebrsaquo`b ZvDaggerK `uvDaggerZi macr^vfvweK Kvgo ev bigvj AKnotzmb eDaggerj|
Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc 1-2wU `uvDaggerZ Aiacute Amacr^vfvweKZv _vKDaggerj I _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
`uvDaggerZi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb`uvDaggerZi macr^vfvweK Kvgo Gi kZcopycedilDaggerjv wbgœiƒc-
1| bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZ cedilDaggerjv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZ MyDaggerjvi Zzjbvq msLumlvMZ w`K w`Daggerq
GKUz mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere| Zvi Kvib nDaggerjv bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZcedilDaggerjv DcDaggerii
daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `uvDaggerZi daggerPDaggerq AvuKvDaggeri daggerQvU|
2| DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZ cedilDaggerjv GKwU wbw`copyoacute `yiZiexcl I KvgDaggeroi gvaumlDaggerg mvgDaggerb Ges wcQDaggerb
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK daggerXDaggerK ivLDaggere|
3| DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclb `uvZ (1st) Gi mvgDaggerb Ges evwnDaggerii w`DaggerK DPuy Ask wU
(Mesio Buccal Cusp) wbDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclb `uvDaggerZi mvgDaggerb Ges evwnDaggerii
gvSvgvwS daggerh uvDaggerZ bumlvq RvqMvq (Buccal Groove) Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
4| DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerQ`b `uvZ wbDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerQ`b Ges AMOumlDaggerclb (1st Premolar)
Gi gaumleZxcopy dvuKv macrrsquovDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
5| wbDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji KZcopyb `uvDaggerZi wKbviv (Incisal Edge) DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji KZcopyb `uvDaggerZi
cbdquoocircDagger`k (Zvjyi w`DaggerK) Gi gaumleZxcopy macrrsquovDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere| hv nDaggerZ nDaggere mwVK `yiZiexcl Ges
mwVK Kvgo mcurrenuacutebœ|
ZvnDaggerj dagger`ix daggerKb Gparazbx 1 wgwbU Avqbvi mvgDaggerb `vwoDaggerq dagger`DaggerL daggerbB AvgvDagger`i `uvZ Ges
`uvDaggerZi Kvgo Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb iDaggerqDaggerQ wK bv
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16
GKwesk kZvatildexDaggerZ wPwKrmv weAacutevb DbœwZi Pig wkLDaggeri Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerQ| GB DbœwZi
daggerRvqvDaggerii mvDagger_ Zvj wgwjDaggerq `šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi AbumlZg cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy kvLv ADagger_vcopyWbwmqv I
GLb AvDaggeriv DbœZ| bvbvwea RwUj mgmumlvi mgvavb nDagger‛Q ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg|
Avmyb Avgiv cwiwPZ nB KZcedilDaggerjv cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy mgmumlvi mDaggerfrac12 hvi mgvavb Lye mnDaggerRB wPwKrmvi
gvaumlDaggerg Kiv hvq|
1 microvDwWs Crowding
GB aiDaggerYi mgmumlvq dagger`Lv hvq daggerPvqvDaggerj `vuZcedilDaggerjv AvuKv evuKv nDaggerq Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerQ ev
daggerPvqvDaggerj chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKvi KviDaggerY GK `vuZ Abuml `vuDaggerZi Dci DDaggerV daggerMDaggerQ|
microvDwWs Crowding
2 daggermacruacutewms (Spacing)
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS
dvuKv RvqMv _vKv|
17
3 wWmDaggercshymDaggergrsaquoU (Displacement)
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq GKwU `vuDaggerZi daggerh RvqMvq Aemacrrsquovb Kivi K_v daggermLvb dagger_DaggerK mDaggeri Abuml
RvqMvq PDaggerj hvq|
wWmDaggercshymDaggergrsaquoU
(Displacement)
4 GKDaggerUvwcK Bivcmb (Ectopic Eruption)
`vuZ Zvi wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV Abuml daggerKvb `vuDaggerZi RvqMvq ev Abuml daggerKvb
Amacr^vfvweK AemacrrsquovDaggerb DDaggerV|
GKDaggerUvwcK Bivcmb
(Ectopic Eruption)
5 Cross Bite ev DDaggereumlv Kvgo Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii daggerPqvDaggerji
mvgDaggerbi `vuZ cedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `uvZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL Ges DcDaggerii
daggerPvqvDaggerji wcQDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ mvgvbuml evBDaggerii
18
w`DaggerK _vDaggerK| GDaggerK Normal Bite ev macr^vfvweK Kvgo eDaggerj| GB Aemacrrsquovi DDaggereumlvwU hLb
NDaggerU ZLb ZvDaggerK Cross Bite ev DDaggereumlv Kvgo eDaggerj|
Cross Bite
ev DDaggereumlv Kvgo
6 (IDaggercb evBU) Open bite
Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerii cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi daggerPqvDaggerji
cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi GKwU macruacutekcopy _vDaggerK| daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` Kvgo dagger`qv Ae rsquovq DcDaggerii cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi msmacruacutekcopy bv _vDaggerK Ges Gi dDaggerj `yB cvwU `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS
dvuKv _vDaggerK ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Open bite eDaggerj|
IDaggercb evBU
(Open bite)
7 wWc evBU (Deep bite)
Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi
GK ZhellipZxqvsk daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL| wKšlsquo daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi cyDaggerivUv daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL ZLb ZvDaggerK Deep bite ev daggerewk Kvgo eDaggerj|
19
(wWc evBU) Deep bite
8 Knotvm 2 gumlvjAKnotzmb
(Class II malocclusion Division 1) GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ macr^vfvweDaggerKi daggerPDaggerq ADaggerbK mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| DcDaggerii cvwUcopyi mvgDaggerbi
`vZcedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK DuPz nq|
Knotvm 2 wWwfkb 1 gumlvjAvKnotzmb
11 Knotvm 3 gumlvjAKnotzmb (Class III Malocclusion)
20
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi cvwcopyUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL
ev DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi Inscisal Edge GDaggerK AcDaggerii DcDaggeri Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| hvDaggerK
Edge To Edge Bite eDaggerj|
Knotvm 3 gumlvjAKnotzmb
12 Zvjy KvUv I daggerVvuU KvUv t
GwU GKwU RbyenMZ mgmumlv ADaggerbDaggerK iumlay daggerVvU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv Avevi ADaggerbDaggerK Dfq
mgmumlv wbDaggerqB RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| AwfAacute wPwKrmKebdquoDaggerrsaquo`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutevi gvaumlDaggerg mwVK
mgDaggerq mwVK wPwKrmv w`Daggerq daggerVvuU I Zvjy KvUv fvDaggerjv Kiv AvRKvj daggerKvb mgmumlvB bq|
21
Zvjy KvUv
daggerVvuU KvUv
DcDaggerii AvDaggerjvPbvq Avwg wKQy mgmumlv Lye mnR fvlvq AvcbvDagger`i eySvDaggerZ daggerPoacutev KDaggeriwQ|
GmKj mgmumlvi mswparaszlig weeiY wfZDaggerii cOumlwZwU AaumlvDaggerq dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev KiwQ|
22
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PROF IIDA JUN ICHI RO DR SAGOR amp
PROF TT YAMAMOTO AT KOREA
23
At IADR Seminar USA
Avcwb nqDaggerZvev Avcbvi wbDaggerRi A_ev daggerKvb wcOumlqRDaggerbi AvuKv evuKv `vuZ wbDaggerq LyeB
`ywethšmdashvMOumlmacr mdash| mywPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg Orthodontist AvcbvDaggerK GB `ywethšmdashv dagger_DaggerK gysup3 KiDaggerZ
cvDaggerib| wKšlsquo Avcwb wK RvDaggerbb daggerKb `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPz bxPz nq Avmyb bxDaggerPi AvDaggerjvPbvi
gvaumlDaggerg Avgiv cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy GB cOumlkœwUi DEumli LyuDaggerR daggerbB|
wewfbœ wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv wewfbœfvDaggere `vuZ AvuKv-evuKv nevi KviY mg~nDaggerK daggerkordfYxetimes
KDaggeriDaggerQb| AvcbvDagger`i Rvbvi myweavDagger_copy Lye mnR fvlvq `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi KviY mg~n wbDaggerP
dagger`qv njt
1| RbyenMZ KviY t K) wkiuml hw` daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| L) wkiumli
RDaggerbyeni mgq gv_vq AvNvZ daggercDaggerj| M) wewfbœ JlDaggerai cvkbrvbarcopy cOumlwZmicroqvi Rbuml|
2| eskMZ KviDaggerYt daggerPvqvj Lye daggerewk eo ev daggerQvU nDaggerj| daggerPvqvDaggerj me `vuZ aDaggeri
ivLvi gZ chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKDaggerj|
3| niDaggergvDaggerbi wewfbœ mgmumlv daggerhgbt Cretinism acromegali _vKDaggerj|
4| daggerPvqvj ev `vuDaggerZi bxDaggerP daggerKvb wUDgvi _vKDaggerj ev AvNvZ daggercDaggerj|
5| fyj ctimeswZDaggerZ Lvevi wMjDaggerj (Improper Swallowing)|
6| gyDaggerL daggerKvb `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKDaggerj|
7| `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AvKhellipwZ Amacr^vfvweK nDaggerj|
8| gyDaggerL AwZwisup3 daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj|
9| DaggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi gDaggerauml jydegvwqZ _vKDaggerj|
10| wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya `vuZ daggerdDaggerj w`Daggerj|
11| `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi ciI ADaggerbKw`b aDaggeri gyDaggerL Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerj|
12| macrrsquovqx daggerKvb `vuZ bv _vKDaggerj|
13| macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVDaggerZ dagger`ix KiDaggerj|
14| AvNvZ daggercDaggerj|
15| DaggerKvb `vuZ mnRfvDaggere DVDaggerZ euml_copy nDaggerj|
16| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv dagger`qv cOumlfbdquowZ AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi
cOumlavb KviYmg~nDaggerZv RvbDaggerjb| Avmyb bv Rvbv AacutevbUvDaggerK KvDaggerR jvMvB| DcDaggerivsup3
24
KviYmg~n hw` KvDaggeriv gvDaggerS dagger`LDaggerZ cvB ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY
KiDaggerZ ewj|
hLb KvDaggeriv gv_vq PzDaggerji cwigvb macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ Kg _vDaggerK ZLb ZvDaggerK KZB bv
`ywethšmdashv MOumlmacr mdash dagger`Lvq| gv_vi Pzjwenxb dvuKv macrrsquovb wKfvDaggere `~i Kiv hvq Zv wbDaggerq daggerhb wPšmdashvi daggerkl
_vDaggerK bv| wVK daggerZgwbfvDaggere wKQy gvbyDaggerli `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMv dagger`Lv hvq| ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcirc
Zviv Abuml gvbyDaggerli mvgDaggerb K_v ejDaggerZ GgbwK cOumlvb LyDaggerj nvmDaggerZI Amacr^wmacrmdash daggereva KDaggeri| hviv dvuKv
`vuDaggerZi mgmumlv fyMDaggerQb ZvDagger`i `ywethšmdashvi w`b daggerkl| ADagger_copyvWbwUKm wPwKrmvi KjumlvDaggerb dvuKv
`vuDaggerZi wPwKrmv GLb Avi daggerKvb mgmumlvB bq|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy
wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
25
mvaviY ADagger_copy Spacing ejDaggerZ Avgiv dvuKv macrrsquovb eywS| wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi fvlvq hLb
g yDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb daggerKvb `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMv _vDaggerK ZLb ZvDaggerK Spacing eDaggerj|
cOumlKviDaggerf` t Spacing `yB aiDaggerYi nDaggerq _vDaggerK|
1) Generalized Spacing daggerPvqvDaggerji me ev AwaKvsk `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv
_vKDaggerj|
2) Localized Spacing `yB ev ZDaggerZvwaK `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerj|
DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `ywU `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerj ZvDaggerK Median
Diastema eDaggerj|
Spacing ev dvuKvi KviY t
1 daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq `vuDaggerZi AvKvi hw` daggerQvU nq
2 RbyenMZfvDaggere daggerKvb `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKDaggerj|
3 Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj|
4 DaggerKvb `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AwZ paraz`ordf nDaggerj|
5 `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerj|
6 wmdivide wUDgvi _vKDaggerj|
7 wRnŸv eo _vKDaggerj| (macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ)
8 `vuZ wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK NyDaggeri daggerMDaggerj
9 GQvov daggerVuvU ev MvDaggerji KviDaggerY A_ev AwZwisup3 daggerKvb `vuZ gyDaggerL _vKDaggerj Zv cvDaggerki
`vuZDaggerK Pressure w`Daggerq mwiDaggerq Spacing KDaggeri|
Spacing wKfvDaggere wbYcopyq Kiv nq t
K) DaggerivMxi gyL MnŸi chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri
L) DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZiƒc ev Model dagger`DaggerL
M) x-ray dagger`DaggerL|
26
Spacing Gi Amyweav mg~nt
duvKv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI daggerivMxi Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv K_v ejvi
mgq daggerKvb daggerKvb katilde macruacuteoacutefvDaggere D‛PviDaggerY mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt
Spacing Gi wPwKrmv Kivi c~Daggerecopy daggerivMxi BwZnvm fvDaggerjvfvDaggere RvbDaggerZ nDaggere Ges
Spacing Gi mcurrencentveuml KviY mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggerZ nDaggere| hw` daggerivMxi Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK
hvi Rbuml `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMvi mbdquowoacute nDagger‛Q ZDaggere daggermB Afumlvm ev` dagger`qvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| ZviciI hw` daggerivMx Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere Habit breaking
appliance eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere| daggerKvb
TumourCyst _vKDaggerj Zv AcmviY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Spacing hw` Lye mvgvbuml cwigvDaggerY nq
Ges daggerivMxi hw` daggerKvb AwfDaggerhvM bv _vDaggerK ZDaggere wPwKrmv bv KivDaggerj I PDaggerj| ZDaggere Spacing
ADaggerbK daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontics wPwKrmv jvMDaggere| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri
wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wK aiDaggerYi wPwKrmv w`Daggereb| Spacing wVK Kivi Rbuml yB aiDaggerYi hšiquest ev
appliance use Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Removable Appliance)
Orthodontist `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ Fixed KDaggeri Appliance wU jvwMDaggerq w`Daggereb
(Fixed appliance) hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggerebv|
hw` `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mvgvbuml dvuKv _vDaggerK ZDaggere `vuDaggerZi iDaggerOi mvDagger_ wgwjDaggerq Filling Kiv
daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
GQvov gyDaggerLi Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS KhellipwIcircg `vuZ ewmDaggerq I Spacing Correction Kiv hvq| DaggerZv
Avcbvi hw` _vDaggerK dvuKv `vuDaggerZi mgmumlv ZDaggere PDaggerj Avmyb AwfAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ| wPwKrmv
KwiDaggerq `vuDaggerZi dvuKv wVK Kisbquob cOumlvY LyDaggerj nvmyb Avi nDaggerq DVyb AvKlcopyYxq|
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27
mvaviYfvDaggere Crowding ejDaggerZ daggerKvb wKQyi AvwaKumlDaggerK daggerevSvq| wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi
fvlvq gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKvi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi macr^vfvweK webumlvm evavMOumlmacrrsquo nDaggerq daggerh
wekbdquoldquoLjZv mbdquowoacute nq ZvDaggerK Crowding eDaggerj|
KviYmg~nt wewfbœ KviDaggerY gyDaggerL Crowding nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Zvi gDaggerauml DDaggerjshyLDaggerhvMuml
KviYmg~n bxDaggerP Dagger`qv njt
1 gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AvKhellipwZi mvgAumlmuml bv _vKDaggerj|
2 `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj|
3 `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi ADaggerbK AvDaggerM cDaggero daggerMDaggerj
4 macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVDaggerZ dagger`ix nDaggerj
5 AvNvZ daggercDaggerj
6 DaggerKvb `vuZ evowZ _vKDaggerj
7 Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj
28
8 daggerPvqvj macr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes bv daggercDaggerj
Crowding wbYcopyqt
1 daggerivMxi gyLMnŸi chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri|
2 DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Model ev cOumlwZiƒc dagger`DaggerL
3 GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL|
Crowding Gi djvdj t
`vuDaggerZi Dci cOumlfvet Gi dDaggerj `vuZ Zvi wbDaggerRi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK NyDaggeri daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri
`vuZ daggernDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri GgbwK daggerKvb daggerKvb `vuZ bvI DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Dci cOumlfve t
1 DaggerivMx mvgvwRKfvDaggere wewfbœ mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
2 DaggermŠrsaquo`hcopynvwb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
3 `vuZ wVKgZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ bv cvivi KviDaggerY `vuZ I gvwoi wewfbœ daggerivDaggerM Avmicrovšmdash
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
4 nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmv t
1 cOumlwZDaggerivag~jK eumlemacrrsquovt
hw` daggerivMxi cwievDaggeri KvDaggeriv `vuDaggerZ Crowding _vDaggerK ZDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist-Gi chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ covi mwVK mgq bv Avmv chcopyšmdash `ya `vuZDaggerK msiparaY Kivi daggerPoacutev KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggerKvb paraqDaggerivM dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerZ daggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml
boacute bv nq|
Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj ZumlvM KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ mwVK mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj Zv wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq daggerdDaggerj dagger`qvi eumlemacrrsquov KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
29
gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere avivevwnKfvDaggere wbw`copyoacute wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerK
wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi fvlvq Serial extraction ejv nq|
2 msDaggerkvab g~jK eumlemacrrsquov t
K) DaggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml evovDaggerbv
DaggerPvqvjDaggerK cOumlmvwiZ Kiv
mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK wKQyUv DuPz Kiv
Daggergvjvi `vuZDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerUDaggerb Daggerbqv
vuDaggerZi AvKvi daggerQvU KDaggeri daggerdjv
`vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjv t
Crowding Gi cwigvY Lye daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontist wVK KiDaggereb daggerKvb `vuZwU
daggerdjDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
Crowding Lye daggerewk nDaggerj ev gvSvwi aiDaggerYi nDaggerj Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggerq
Removable ev Fixed daggerh daggerKvb GK aiDaggerYi appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggereb|
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Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi
msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy AvDaggerm| wKšlsquo daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` DcDaggerii cvwUcopyi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy bv
AvDaggerm Ges Gi dDaggerj DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi cvwUcopyi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mecopy`v dvuKv macrrsquovb _vDaggerK Ges gyL
mcurrenuacute~YcopyiƒDaggerc eUuml bv nq ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Open Bite eDaggerj|
mvaviYfvDaggere Open Bite ejDaggerZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi
Kvgo bv jvMvDaggerK daggerevSvq|
Open bite mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ ev wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Open Bite Gi KviY
mg~nt Avfrac12yj weDaggerkl KDaggeri ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Open bite nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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wRnŸv macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ eo _vKDaggerj ev hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjvavdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm
_vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS _vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi
DcDaggerii AsDaggerk (occlusal surface) -G _vDaggerK ZDaggere Open Bite nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
G Qvov daggerivMx hw` Bony Dysplasia Congenital wmwdwjm BZumlvw` daggerivDaggerM fyDaggerM
_vDaggerK ZDaggereI Open bite Gi mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt Open bite Gi wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml mecopycOuml_g daggerivMxDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOuml_Daggerg Open bite nevi KviY
mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggereb| hw` daggerivMxi Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK
ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm `~i Kivi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb
KDaggerib ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm ~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance)
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib daggerivMxDaggerK|
Open bite hw` gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj hvq ZDaggere Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontic
appliance eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri hv Fixed ev Removable daggerh daggerKvb iKgB
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
hw` daggerPvqvDaggerji nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Open bite dagger`Lv hvq Ges daggerivMxi eqm hw` 6-12 eQi
nq ZDaggere Chin cap (Chin cap bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi ev bxDaggerPi w`DaggerKi ebdquowtimes
nIqvDaggerK cOumlwZDaggeriva KDaggeri) Gi mvDagger_ High pull head gear eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nevi ci Ges macrrsquovqx `vuZ me DVvi ci daggerPvqvDaggerji Amacr^vfvweK
ebdquowtimesRwbZ KviDaggerY daggerh Open bite nq Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Surgery Kiv DaggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq KvDaggeriv Open bite Gi mgmumlv _vKDaggerj AvovDaggerj Zvi mgvDaggerjvPbv bv
KDaggeri AvgvDagger`i mKDaggerji DwPZ ZvDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ
ejv| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cieZcopyx KiYxq mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy ejDaggerZ cviDaggereb| Zvui
civgkcopy Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY KiDaggerj Open bite wbivgq Kiv mcurrencente|
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`šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv Class II Malocclusion DaggerK `yB fvDaggerM fvM KDaggeriDaggerQb|
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion
2 Class II division 2 malocclusion
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion t
hw` KvDaggeriv daggerclY `vuDaggerZi mcurrenuacuteKcopy (Molar relation) Class II _vDaggerK Ges DcDaggerii
DaggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZ cedilDaggerjv DPz _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv Class II Division 1 Gi Ašmdashfycopysup3|
Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK
(Convex profile) DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ daggerewk daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL
DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK daggerewk mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| `vuZ DuPz nevi KviDaggerY
daggerivMx ADaggerbK mgq `yB daggerVuvU eUuml KiDaggerZ cvDaggeribv|
33
2 Class II division 2 Malocclusion
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc Molar Relation Class II _vKDaggere A_copyvr DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev
Molar `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev Molar `vuDaggerZi dagger_DaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ mvgDaggerb
Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv wKQyUv wfZDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb
KiDaggere| mvaviYZ DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj GKB iKg AemacrrsquovDaggerb _vKDaggere (Straight Profile)
DcDaggerii `vuZcedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK cyDaggerivUv daggerXDaggerK ivLDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`ix bv KDaggeri GKRb Orthodontist daggerK Rvbvb|
Orthodontist wewfbœ chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri wPwKrmv ctimeswZ wVK KiDaggereb|
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Avcbvi AvDaggerk cvDaggerki gvbylcedilDaggerjvDaggerK GKUz fvDaggerjvfvDaggere jpara KiDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggereb daggerewki
fvM gvbyDaggerliB DcDaggeri daggerPvqvj Ges DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji
`vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ mvgvbuml GKUz mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK| Ges GUvB nDaggerjv macr^vfvweK| wKšlsquo wKQy gvbyDaggerli
daggerparaDaggerIcirc Gi DDaggereumlvUv dagger`Lv dagger`q| A_copyvr ZvDagger`i bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK _vDaggerK DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj ev DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ| GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi
fvlvq eDaggerj Class III malocclusion|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
`yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| 1Uv nDaggerjv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY| GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii
cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
35
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi
MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb dagger`DaggerL GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wKfvDaggere wPwKrmv KiDaggerj
daggerivMx mDaggerecopyvEumlg djvdj cvq|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion nq ZDaggere Orthodontic
Treatment A_copyvr iumlaygvIcirc Brace cwoDaggerqB wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere evošmdash ev cwiYZ daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB| ZDaggere Lye daggerewk eqDaggerm wPwKrmv KivDaggerj wPwKrmvi mgq daggereDaggero hvDaggere|
hw` evošmdash eqDaggerm nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion dagger`Lv dagger`q ZDaggere
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvjDaggerK mvgDaggerb Avbvi Rbuml ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvjDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerbqvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK wewfbœ
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aiDaggerYi hšiquest dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri eumlenvDaggerii Rbuml| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Face Mask Chin Cap DDaggerjshyL
daggerhvMuml|
hw` cwiYZ eqDaggerm gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerqi Class III malocclusion hv nvDaggerii MVDaggerbi
KviDaggerY nDaggerqDaggerQ Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ ZDaggere kjuml wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
37
evBgumlvmiddot
evBgvmiddot `y aiDaggerbi nq| evBgumlvwmiddotjvix cOumlUzordfmb Ges evBgumlvwmiddot jvix cOumlwKnotDaggerbmb| wK KwVb
katilde| Avmyb Lye mnDaggerR daggerRDaggerb daggerbB `uvZ I gvwoi Avi GK mgmumlv hvi bvg evBgvmiddot|
evBgumlvmiddot mgmumlvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj wKsev `uvZ wKsev DfqB mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK DPzu _vDaggerK| dDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv daggerVvU DPzu nDaggerq _vKv GgbwK gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ
cviv mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
mvavibZ `uvZ hw` Zzjbvg~jK fvDaggere eo GgbwK daggerPvqvj jcurren^v wKsev daggerXvK wMjvi mgq
wRnev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK Amacr^vfvweK fvDaggere `uvZDaggerK mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK daggerVjv w`Daggerj GB aiDaggerbi mgmumlv nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| NveovDaggerbvi wKQzB daggerbB GB mgmumlvi mgvavb Lye myrsaquo`i KDaggeri GK AwfAacute ADagger_copyDaggerWbwUdivide
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib| gDaggerb ivLDaggerZ nDaggere cOumlv_wgK Aemacrrsquovq GB mgmumlvi mgvavb KiDaggerj ZZUv RwUjZv nq
bv| eDaggerqvmwUuml KvDaggerji c~Daggere eDaggerqvmmwUuml KvDaggerji mgq Ges cDaggeri wPwKrmv eumlemacrrsquov cbdquo_K cbdquo_K nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
38
myrsaquo`Daggerii c~Rvix mKDaggerjB ZvB GB mgmumlv mgvavb KDaggeri
Avcwb nDaggerq DVyb myrsaquo`i `uvZ I nvwmi AwaKvix
39
daggerMR `vuZ(High Canine) DPz KZcopyb `vuZ t
AvgvDagger`i gyDaggerL eqm 5 eQi chcopyšmdash daggerh 20 wU `vuZ _vDaggerK Zvi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ
_vDaggerK| eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ 20wU `ya `vuZ hLb cDaggero wMDaggerq macrrsquovqx `vuZ DDaggerV ZLbI daggergvU
32wU `vuDaggerZi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ _vDaggerK| G KZcopyb `uvZcedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi 4wU daggerKvbvq AewmacrrsquoZ| ZvB
GDagger`iDaggerK Corner Stone of mouth eDaggerj| bvg iumlbDaggerjB daggerevSv hvq G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Lv`uml`ordfeumlDaggerK
KZcopyb KiDaggerZ Ges wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri| G `vuZ cedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK kwsup3kvjx| KviY G `vuDaggerZi
GbvDaggergDaggerji cyisbquoZiexcl Daggerewk Ges mvgDaggerbi 4wU `vuDaggerZi (Pecopyb `vuZ-Incisor tooth) ciciB
AewmacrrsquoZ| daggerKvb daggerKvb mgq wewfbœ KviY ekZt G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Zvi wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK wfbœ
AemacrrsquovDaggerb dagger`Lv hvq| hw` G `vuZcedilDaggerjv gvwoi gDaggerauml ev DcDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri ZLb ZvDaggerK
High Canine ev daggerMR `vuZ ejv nq| Avevi KLDaggerbv GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv Zvjyi w`K w`Daggerq DDaggerV|
ZLb GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK Palataly placed canine eDaggerj| Avevi KLDaggerbv I gvwo ev Zvjyi wfZDaggeri
G `vuZ Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| ZLb ZvDaggerK Impacted Canine ejv nq| GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi gDaggerauml
AZxe Risbquoix PviwU `vuZ| GB `vuZ daggerhgb Lv`uml`ordfeuml KZcopyb I wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri cvkvcvwk
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daggerPvqvDaggerji bovPovDaggerK wbqšiquestY KDaggeri| GB `vuZDaggerK Beauty tooth I ejv nq| ZvB G `vuDaggerZi
mvwietimesfvDaggere webumlvm LyeB Risbquoix|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ daggerh KDaggerqKwU mgmumlv ZzDaggerj aiv nDaggerjv G mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi mgvavb LyeB Risbquoix|
hw` daggerKD GiKg daggerKvb mgmumlvq fyDaggerM _vDaggerKb ZDaggere AwfAacute Orthodontist -B nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
Avcbvi myrsaquo`i nvwm wdwiDaggerq dagger`qvi cig eUumlz|
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daggerVvuU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerki wkiumlDagger`i GKwU AbumlZg
mgmumlv| wewfbœ MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv wMDaggerqDaggerQ cOumlwZ 700 RDaggerb 1 Rb daggerVvuU KvUv Ges cOumlwZ 1000 RDaggerb
1 Rb wkiuml Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| daggerVvuU KvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggerQDaggerj wkiumlDagger`i Ges
ZvjyKvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggergDaggerq-wkiumlDagger`i gvDaggerS|
wewfbœ KviDaggerY wkiuml daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri _vDaggerK| kZKiv 25 fvM daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GUv eskMZ KviDaggerY nDaggerq _vDaggerK| hw` 1 Rb ZvjyKvUv daggerivMx 1 Rb mymacrrsquo gvbylDaggerK weDaggerq KDaggeri ZDaggere
ZvDagger`i ev‛Pvi ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kivi mcurrencentvebv kZKiv 2 fvM|
Mfcopyvemacrrsquovi cOuml_g fvDaggerM gv hw` daggerKvb fvBivj BbDaggerdKkDaggerb Avmicrovšmdash nq ev kvixwiKfvDaggere
AvNvZcOumlvszlig nq ev niDaggergvDaggerbi fvimvgumlnxbZvq fyDaggerM ev wfUvwgDaggerbi AfvDaggere fyDaggerM _vDaggerK ev
daggeriwWDaggerqkDaggerb GmiddotDaggercvR nq ev _umlvwjDaggerWvgvBW RvZxq Ilya MOumlnY KDaggeri ZDaggere wkiumli daggerVvuU ev
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| KvDaggerQi AvZyenxq macr^RDaggerbi gvDaggerS weDaggerq nDaggerjI wkiuml G mgmumlv
wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
42
DaggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq wkiuml RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerj cwieviDaggerK bvbv aiDaggerYi mvgvwRK I gvbwmK
mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ nq| wkiuml hLb GB mgmumlv wbDaggerq eo nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZLb daggermI gvbwmKfvDaggere
nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ _vDaggerK| G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ K_v
ejDaggerZ I iumlbDaggerZ mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| `vuDaggerZi mgmumlvi gDaggerauml hv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Zvi gDaggerauml AbumlZg
nDagger‛Q-wewfbœ `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKv `vuZ wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV gyDaggerLi Abuml daggerKvb RvqMvq
DVv evowZ wKQy `vuZ _vKv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb ksup3 bv nIqv `vuDaggerZi MVb myrsaquo`i bv nIqv
gvwoi wewfbœ mgmumlv `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPy-bxPz nIqv|
daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv daggerivMxDagger`i wPwKrmv weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmKDagger`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutev Qvov mcurrencente
bq| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Orthodontist Gi f~wgKv iumlisbquo nq ev‛Pvi RDaggerbyeni ci ciB| daggerhDaggernZz daggerVvuU I
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv nq daggermRbuml wkiumli RDaggerbyeni ci ciB
gyDaggerLi wfZi covi Rbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b daggerhb wkiumli daggerLDaggerZ
daggerKvb mgmumlv bv nq|
kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wkiumli 3-6 gvm eqDaggerm daggerVvuU I 1-2 eQi eqDaggerm Zvjy wVK KiDaggerZ
nDaggere GKRb AwfAacute kjuml wPwKrmK Oslashviv| kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg daggerVvuU I Zvjy wVK Kivi ci
wkiumli DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj hvDaggerZ msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GK aiDaggerYi
Appliance ev hšiquest bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b|
wkiumli Mixed dentition stage (6-12 eQi eqm) -G gyDaggerL daggerKvb AwZwisup3 `vuZ
_vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GQvov mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Cross bite _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuZ
AvuKv evKv _vKDaggerj ev Molar ev daggerclY `vDaggerZi Relation wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere Removable ev Fixed appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo
KiDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
me macrrsquovqx `vuZ PDaggerj Avmvi ci macrrsquovqxfvDaggere daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Kvgo (Occlusion
improve) wVK Kivi Rbuml Fixed ev Removable appliance w`Daggerq Orthodontist
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb Ges daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggereb|
GB mgDaggerq gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyDaggerK wVK Kivi Rbuml cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj Bony Graft Kiv daggerhDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| Gi dDaggerj Orthodontic treatment Gi daggerh djvdj ZvI Aparazbœ _vKDaggere|
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daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLvi ci Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere daggerivMxDaggerK
Permanent Retainer bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv daggerivMxDaggerK me mgq cDaggero _vKDaggerZ nDaggere|
Amacrlsaquovi weRqx DaggerRvqvDaggerKb wdwbmiddot RDaggerbyeni mgq daggerVvuU KvuUv wQj
daggerVvuU KuvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv daggerKvb Awfkvc bq| mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg
GDaggerK mvwiDaggerq daggerZvjv mcurrencente| `iKvi iumlay mevi mDaggerPZbZv Avi mwVK mgDaggerq weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri daggerm Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY Kiv|
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ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerKvb eqDaggerm iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ Zv AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKiB ARvbv|
ADaggerbK AwffveKB eySDaggerZ cvDaggerib bv wkiumli ADagger_copyvWbwUK mgmumlvi Rbuml daggerKvb eqDaggerm
Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| AAacutevbZvi Rbuml ev Abuml daggerKvb wOslashav-OslashDaggerrsaquo`i
KviDaggerY Zviv ADaggerbK mgqB ADaggerbK dagger`ix KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb wPwKrmvi
Rbuml| dDaggerj wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc wPwKrmvi eumlvwszligKvj daggereDaggero hvq| wKQyDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK
chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc
wPwKrmvi djvdj Avkvbyiƒc nq bv| KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv KZUv
Risbquoix| GLb Avwg ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi eqm mxgv wbDaggerq AvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri AvcbvDagger`i
wKQyUv nDaggerjI aviYv dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev Kie|
AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerk ADaggerbK wkiumlB daggerVvuU ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| Kzmsmacrlsaquoviv‛Qbœ
gvbyliv GDaggerK Awfkvc ev fvDaggerMumli wjLb gDaggerb KDaggeri nvZ cv cedilwUDaggerq eDaggerm _vDaggerK daggerKvb wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri bv| wKšlsquo gDaggerb ivLDaggereb daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumli
AwffveKDagger`i DwPZ RDaggerbyeni ci ciB GKRb AwfAacute Orhodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY Kiv|
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KviY G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i RDaggerbyeni ciB cOumlavb I cOuml_g daggerh mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q Zv nDaggerjv Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mgmumlv| Orthodontist Gmgq GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv wkiumlDaggerK Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml LyeB parawZKi GKwU Afumlvm|
mvaviYZ `yB dagger_DaggerK wZb eQi eqDaggermi gDaggerauml Avcbv Avcwb wkiuml G AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KDaggeri daggerdDaggerj|
wKšlsquo ZviciI hw` wkiuml AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere AwffveKDagger`i Gi parawZKi w`KwU
mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere Ges microgvMZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv PjDaggerZ _vKDaggerj wkiumlDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj G AfumlvmwU
`~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance) bullZwi KDaggeri w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib
hvDaggerZ KDaggeri fwelumlDaggerZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi KviDaggerY wkiumli `vuDaggerZi webumlvm AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv hvq|
mvaviYZ 5-6 eQi eqm dagger_DaggerK wkiumlDagger`i `ya `vuZ coDaggerZ iumlisbquo KDaggeri| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK mgq
dagger`Lv hvq AvNvZ RwbZ paraq RwbZ ev Abuml daggerKvb daggerivDaggerMi KviDaggerY wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya
`vuZ cDaggero hvq ev daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| `vuZ covi ci daggerh dvuKv RvqMvwU _vDaggerK daggerm RvqMvwU ZLb
`yB cvDaggerki `vuZ w`Daggerq eUuml nDaggerq hvq| dDaggerj rsquovqx `vuZ DVvi Rbuml chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv daggercDaggerq
Amacr^vfvweK daggerKvb RvqMvq `vuZ DDaggerV Ges `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi mcurrencentvebv daggereDaggero hvq| GB dvuKv
macrrsquovbwU hvDaggerZ cvDaggerki `vuZ Oslashviv eUuml bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl hšiquest bullZwi
KDaggeri w`Daggereb hvDaggerK Space maintainer eDaggerj| KvDaggerRB daggerKvb `ya`vuZ hw` Zvi wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi
AvDaggerM cDaggero hvq ZDaggere dagger`ix bv KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi mvDagger_ dagger`Lv Kisbquob|
ADaggerbK ev‛PvDagger`i dagger`Lv hvq DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj daggerewk evoDaggerQ ev hZUzKz evovi K_v
ZZUzKz evoDaggerQ bv| Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc evošmdash eqDaggerm (6-12) Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cOumlDaggerqvRb AbymvDaggeri Face
mask ev Chin cap eumlenvi KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb hv ev‛Pvi DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimesDaggerK
mwVK AmacrrsquovDaggerb wbDaggerZ mnvqZv KiDaggere|
DaggerVuvU I ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i daggerVvuU I Zvjy kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wVK
Kivi ci mwVK mgq Orthodontist Gmiddotcvbmb macrŒz (Expansion screw) ZvjyDaggerZ jvwMDaggerq
dagger`b hvDaggerZ DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq| G wkiumlDagger`i 8-10 eQi eqDaggerm bone
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grafting Kivi Rbuml kjuml wPwKrmKDaggerK cOumlDaggerqvRbxq civgkcopy I mnvqZv w`Daggerq _vDaggerKb
Orthodontist|
6-12 eQi eqDaggerm hLb wkiumli gyDaggerL `ya I macrrsquovqx Dfq cOumlKvi `vuZ we`umlgvb ZLb hw`
`vuDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo (Cross bite) daggerewk Kvgo (Deep bite) dagger`Lv hvq ZDaggere
Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRbxq eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggereb hvDaggerZ fwelumlDaggerZ KvgocedilDaggerjv AvDaggeriv Lvivc -Gi w`DaggerK
bv hvq|
`ya `vuZ me cDaggero hvevi ci I macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVvi ci AvuKv evuKv DuPz -bxPz `vuZ wVK
Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS Removable Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ
ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere) ev Fixed Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere bv) w`Daggerq
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb|
ADaggerbDaggerKiB gDaggerbB cOumlkœ _vDaggerK daggerh daggerewk eqDaggerm Orthodontic wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere wKbv|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuZ nvo I GDagger`i mvDagger_ mcurrenuacuteKcopyhysup3 structure cedilDaggerjv fvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZDaggere daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv Kiv mcurrencente|
cOumlvszlig eqDaggerm hw` DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj hw` Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes daggercDaggerq _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv
wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj kjuml wPwKrmvi Oslashvimacrrsquo nDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi mdjZv wbfcopyi KDaggeri wPwKrmDaggerKi AwfAacuteZv daggerivMx I Zvi
AwffveDaggerKi mnDaggerhvwMZv I mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi Dci|
gDaggerb ivLDaggereb mgDaggerqi GK daggerdvuo AmgDaggerqi `k daggerdvuo| mwVK mgDaggerq mwVK KvRwU KiDaggerj
Avcwb daggerh djvdj cvDaggereb dagger`ix KDaggeri KvRwU KiDaggerj daggermB djvdj Avcwb bvI daggercDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
Avcbvi daggerKvb wbKURDaggerbi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj mwVK mgDaggerq Orthodontist
Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggerZ fyjDaggereb bv daggerhb|
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Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Dci Bracket
ev Brace covDaggerbv _vDaggerK| Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq
Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv wbDagger`kcopyvejx wVKgZ daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj wPwKrmv cieZcopyx RwUjZv dagger`Lv
dagger`evi mcurrencentvebv LyeB Kg|
Fixed Orthodontic treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq gyL I `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZ weDaggerkl hZœ wbDaggerZ
nDaggere| daggerhme welDaggerqi Dci daggerewk daggerewk bRi ivLDaggerZ nDaggere Zv bxDaggerP dagger`qv nDaggerjvt
1 daggerhw`b daggerivMxi gyDaggerL Bracket emvDaggerbv nDaggere Zvici dagger_DaggerK 24 NrsaquoUv chcopyšmdash ksup3 Lvevi
LvIqv DwPZ bq| GDaggerZ Bracket LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| H 24 NrsaquoUv Lye daggerRvDaggeri daggerRvDaggeri `vuZ
eordfvk Kiv I DwPZ bq| daggerivMx Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv civgkcopy Abyhvqx `vuZ eordfvk
KiDaggere I macr^vfvweK Lvevi LvDaggere|
2 Bracket covDaggerbvi 2-3 w`b chcopyšmdash daggerivMxi GKUz Amacr^wmacrmdash nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GDaggerZ fDaggerqi wKQy
daggerbB| gyDaggerL bZzb wKQy wRwbm emvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2-3 w`b ci Zv AfumlvDaggerm cwiYZ nDaggerq
hvDaggere|
3 cOumlwZevi Lvevi LvIqvi ci AekumlB `vuZ fvDaggerjvfvDaggere eordfvk KiDaggerZ nDaggere| mKvDaggerj I ivDaggerZ
daggerdnotvivBW hysup3 Uz_Daggercdivide w`Daggerq `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggere| Abumlvbuml mgq Uz_ daggercoacute Qvov eordfvk KiDaggerjI
PjDaggere|
4 cOumlwZ wZb (3) gvm ci ci Uz_eordfvk e`j KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Uz_eordfvDaggerki weordfmampjcedilDaggerjv daggerhb big
(Medium soft) nq Zv daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
5 Bracket ev appliance -Gi Dci bxDaggerP 45 daggerKvDaggerY eordfvk aDaggeri `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
6 Lye daggerRvDaggeri Pvc w`Daggerq eordfvk Kiv hvDaggere bv| GDaggerZ KDaggeri Appliance LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
7 `vuDaggerZi daggerh cvDaggerk Appliance AvDaggerQ daggermB cvDaggerk Appliance -Gi Dci AvjDaggerZvfvDaggere
NywiDaggerq NywiDaggerq eordfvk KDaggeri `vuZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| `vuDaggerZi Abumlvbuml cvkcedilDaggerjvI daggerhb
fvDaggerjvfvDaggere cwireglsaquovi Kiv nq daggermw`DaggerK daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
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8 cOumlwZevi Lvevi Gi ci eordfvk Kiv mcurrencente bv nDaggerj LyefvDaggerjv KDaggeri KzjKzwP KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
9 `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerSi gqjv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Dental Floss eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
DaggerKvb KvwV ev myuB w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerLvPvDaggerbv hvDaggere bv|
10 wRnŸv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Tongue Cleanser eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
11 cOumlDaggerqvRDaggerb fvDaggerjv Mouth Wash eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere ZDaggerewPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy
Abyhvqx|
12 `vuDaggerZi gvwo Avfrac12yj w`Daggerq Massage Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
13 daggerKvb appliance daggerfDaggerfrac12 daggerMDaggerj ev LyDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ev Appliance Gi KviDaggerY gyDaggerL daggerKvb
mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj dagger`ix bv KDaggeri mDaggerfrac12 mDaggerfrac12 Orthondontist-Gi civgkcopy wbDaggerZ nDaggere|
14 wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq ksup3 Lvevi (nvo AvL) LvIqv cwinvi KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
15 AvVvDaggerjv RvZxq Lvevi (PzBs Mvg) LvIqv ev` w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
16 daggercqviv AvDaggercj ev daggerh daggerKvb ksup3 Lvevi Kvgo w`Daggerq bv daggerLDaggerq daggerQvU daggerQvU UzKiv KDaggeri
daggerLDaggerZ nDaggere|
17 Orthodontist DaggerhfvDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK AvmDaggerZ ejDaggereb (1gvm ci ci) AekumlB Zv cvjb
KiDaggerZ nDaggere| bv nDaggerj daggerivMxi wPwKrmv daggerkl nDaggerZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi daggerewk jvMDaggere|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbPz `vuZ wVK Kivi Rbuml daggerhgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Oslashviv mwVK wPwKrmv daggerZgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerivMx Ges daggerivMxi AwffveDaggerKi
mnDaggerhvwMZv Ges Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy Abyhvqx Pjv| ZDaggereB DaggerivMx wPwKrmv DaggerkDaggerl cvDaggere
KvwldquoparaZ myrsaquo`i `vuZ|
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mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
50
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ dnotwms
51
daggerQvAElig GKwU evMvDaggerb hw` ADaggerbKcedilDaggerjv MvQ daggereDaggero DVDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZDaggere ADaggerbK MvDaggerQi macr^vfvweK ebdquowtimes
weboacute nq Ges evMvbwU wKQyw`b ci Nb Rfrac12Daggerj cwiYZ nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK| ZLb hw` daggermLvb
dagger_DaggerK wKQy MvQ daggerKDaggerU daggerdjv nq ZDaggere evMvbwUi evKxMvQcedilDaggerjv iparav daggercDaggerq macr^vfvweKfvDaggere daggereDaggero
DVDaggere|
daggerZgwb gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerh cwigvY RvqMv AvDaggerQ Zvi daggerPDaggerq hw` `vuDaggerZi msLumlv daggerewk wKsev
`vuZ Lye daggerekx AvuKv evKv DuPz `uvZ _vKDaggerj ZDaggere Zv wVK KDaggeri `vuZDaggerK mywebumlvmacrmdash myrsaquo`i KDaggeri
daggerZvjvi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgq daggerivMxi wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB daggerivMx ev
Zvi AwffveK `vuZ daggerZvjvi K_v iumlbDaggerj fq cvq| Zviv fvDaggere `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ ADaggerbK euml_v
jvMDaggere ev daggerPvDaggerLi daggereordfBDaggerbi hw` daggerKvb parawZ nq| Zviv Orthodontist daggerK `vuZ bv ZzDaggerj
wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml AbyDaggeriva KDaggeri _vDaggerK| wKšlsquo ZvDagger`i G mKj aviYv mcurrenuacute~Ycopy Ag~jK| `vuZ
ZzjDaggerj daggerPvDaggerLi ev daggereordfBDaggerbi daggerKvb parawZ nqbv| GKRb AwfAacute wPwKrmK ZvB KiDaggereb hv KiDaggerj
daggerivMxi wPwKrmv fvDaggerjvfvDaggere mcurrenuacutebœ nDaggere Ges daggerivMx I Zvi AwffveK mšlsquowoacute jvf KiDaggere| Avi
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM wbw copyoacute rsquovb fvDaggerjvfvDaggere Aek KDaggeri wbDaggerj Ges wPwKrmDaggerKi dagger`qv DcDagger`k `vuZ
daggerZvjvi w`b I cieZcopyx KDaggerqKw`b mwVKfvDaggere daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj `vuZ daggerZvjvi ci daggerivMxi daggerZgb daggerKvb
Amyweav nq bv ejDaggerjB PDaggerj|
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`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM
`vuZ daggerZvjvi cDaggeri
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ADaggerbDaggerKB AvDaggerQb hviv ivDaggerZ NygvDaggerbvi AvDaggerM Ges mKvDaggerj bvmacrmdashv Lvevi ci `vuZ eordfvk
KDaggerib `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Kvj wejcurren^ bv KDaggeri `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggerib
`vuDaggerZi mymacrrsquoZvi Rbuml hv hv `iKvi Zviv Zv-B KDaggerib| GmeB nDaggerjv fvDaggerjv Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi
Rbuml LyeB DcKvix|
wKšlsquo Ggb wKQy Afumlvm AvDaggerQ hv gyL I `vuDaggerZi macr^vDaggermacrrsquoumli Rbuml LyeB parawZKi| Gme
e`AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi bvbv aiDaggerYi mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q| GB AfumlvmcedilDaggerjvi gDaggerauml Avfrac12yj
daggerPvlv wRnŸampv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv ev daggerVjv dagger`Iqv daggerKvb mgmumlv bv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI gyL w`Daggerq wbkbrvbarvm
daggerbqv daggerVvuU I bL KvgovDaggerbv AbumlZg|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK| evev gv hw` GUv daggerLqvj KDaggerib ZDaggere wkiumlDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere daggerh Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv Lvivc| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz nDaggerq hvq ADaggerbK mgq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bvI coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Open bite) bxDaggerPi
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daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZcedilDaggerjv msKzwPZ nDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK hZUzKz daggerXDaggerK ivLv
DwPZ Zv KDaggerg daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerbvi ci I hw` Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm bv KDaggerg ZDaggere wkiumli 2-3 eQi eqm
chcopyšmdash ADaggercparav KiDaggerZ nDaggere| ADaggerbK mgq 3 eQi eqDaggermi ci wkiumli GB Afumlvm PDaggerj hvq|
ZviciI hw` wkiuml G Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere GKRb AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12
civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| wPwKrmK `iKvi gDaggerb nDaggerj daggerKvb Appliance ev hšiquest w`Daggereb hv
wkiumlDaggerK GB Afumlvm `~i KiDaggerZ mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wkiumli hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK ZDaggere DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DPuy nDaggerq hvq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bv coDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerivMx gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri
wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq Avcbvi daggermvbvgwbi hw` Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml
parawZKi ZDaggere cOuml_DaggergB ZvDaggerK eySvb| ZvDaggerZ KvR bv nDaggerj Aemacrrsquov hvDaggerZ AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv
hvq daggermRbuml AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy Kisbquob|
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OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
56
CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
57
KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
59
GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
60
ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
61
daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
12
OcircADagger_copyvWbwUKmOtilde welqUv daggerRDaggerb| iumlay Rvbv daggerKb GB me mgmumlvi mvgvavb w`DaggerZ cvwi
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg| GKUv welq RvbDaggerZ PvBDaggerj ADaggerbK wKQyB Rvbv `iKvi|
ZviciI GB wPwKrmvi cOumlavb wKQy jparauml I DDaggerIumlkuml wbaeligiƒDaggerc ZzDaggerj aiv nDaggerjv-
gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopy ebdquowtimesi Rbuml
ADagger_vcopyWbwUK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopy ebdquowtimes mcurrencente| `vuZDaggerK Zvi macr^vfvweK AemacrrsquovDaggerb
wbDaggerq GDaggerm `vuDaggerZi Ges gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopy ebdquowtimes mcurrencente| GUv AZxe Risbquoix wbaeligiƒc KviDaggerY
gvbyl Amyrsaquo`i `vuZ wbDaggerq daggerh gvbwmK mgmumlvq _vDaggerK Zv Avi nq bv|
cieZcopyx RxeDaggerb mvgvwRK jfrac34vDaggerevDaggerai nvZ dagger_DaggerK wbregKhellipwZ cvIqv hvq|
macr^vfvweKfvDaggere Dci Ges wbDaggerPi daggerVvuDaggerUi Aemacrrsquovb wVK KiDaggerj GwU gvwoDaggerK myiparav KDaggeri Ges
bvK w`Daggerq kbrvbarvm cOumlkbrvbarvm wbDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri|
13
`vuDaggerZi MVDaggerbi Ges KvDaggerRi DbœwZi Rbuml
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg `vuDaggerZi KgcopyparagZv ebdquowtimes cvq| KviY GB wPwKrmvi
gvaumlDaggerg macr^vfvweK Kvgo (Balanced Occlusion with normal over jet amp overbite)
cOumlmacrlsquoZ Kiv nq|
AvuKv evuKv `vuZ wVK Kiv Ges `vuDaggerZi MVDaggerbi macrrsquovwqZiexcl evovDaggerbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg gvbyDaggerli AwZwisup3 `vuZ ev GKB RvqMvq daggerewk `vuZ ev
daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Zvi dDaggerj `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb IjUcvjU G meB wVK Kiv mcurrencente| `vuDaggerZi GB myrsaquo`i
Aemacrrsquovb wVK KiDaggerj cieZcopyxKvDaggerj `vuDaggerZ KumlvwiDaggerRi (daggercvKv LvIqv) gvwoi cOuml`vn BZumlvw` mgmumlv
nq bv|
Abuml `šmdash wPwKrmvi mvnvhumlKvix wnDaggermDaggere
KhellipwIcircg `vuZ emvDaggerbvi Rbuml mwVKfvDaggere RvqMv bullZwi KiDaggerZ|
paray`ordf cwimDaggeri Aiacute wKQy msLumlK DcKvixZv DaggerRDaggerb wbDaggerjb daggerZv
14
Avcbvi myrsaquo`i mvRvDaggerbv Ni hvi me wKQzB cwicvwU| wbfcopyvebvq Avcbvi emevm| hw`
Gi me wKQzB ADaggerMvQvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZvnDaggerj wK fDaggerjv jvMDaggere jvMDaggere bv| wVK daggerZgwbB AvgvDagger`i
DcDaggerii Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUDaggerZ daggergvU 32 wU macrrsquovqx `uvZ _vDaggerK GB 32 wU macrrsquovqx `uvZ Gi macr^vfvweK
Aemacrrsquovb G _vKDaggerj Avcbvi `uvZ dagger`LvDaggere myrsaquo`i mvRvDaggerbv NDaggerii gDaggerZv| hLb `uvZ Zvi mwVK
AemacrrsquovDaggerb _vDaggerK bv ZLb GUv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri GeDaggerov dagger_eDaggerov GDaggerjvDaggergDaggerjv DPz-bxPz AemacrrsquovDaggerb| ZLb
Avcbvi `uvZ Avi mvRvDaggerbv myrsaquo`i AemacrrsquovDaggerb daggerbB daggerbB eDaggerjB dagger`LDaggerZ GiKg| hw` KvDaggeriv `uvZ
Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb daggerbB hv dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMDaggerQ ZvnDaggerj GKRb AfxAacute ADagger_vcopyWbwUdivide nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri Avcbvi cig eUumlz| Dwb cDaggerib mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg Avcbvi `uvZDaggerK myrsaquo`i KiDaggerZ|
ZvnDaggerj AvgvDagger`i mKDaggerji Rvbvi cOumlDaggerqvRb AvmDaggerj `uvDaggerZi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb daggerKvbwU Ges
daggerKv_vq| hvi dDaggerj Avgiv wbDaggerRivB eyDaggerS wbDaggerZ cviDaggerev AvgvDagger`i `uvZ Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerQ
wK bvB|
15
`uvDaggerZi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb wbfcopyi KDaggeri `vuDaggerZi AKnotzmb ev DcDaggerii cvwUi `uvZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi
`uvDaggerZi Kvgo Gi Dci| cOumlKhellipZ ADagger_copy `uvDaggerZi AKnotzmb gvDaggerb nDagger‛Q DcDaggerii cvwUi `uvDaggerZi mvDagger_
bxDaggerPi cvwUi `uvDaggerZi mcurrenuacuteKcopy hLb cvwUOslashq Kvgo dagger`qv ZvDagger`i c~bvcopysM msDaggerhvDaggerM (Cuspal
Occlusion) G iDaggerqDaggerQ|
hLb uvZ Ges `uvDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ Kvgo Zvi meDaggerPDaggerq mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb iDaggerqDaggerQ GgbwK mcurrenuacute~bcopy
KgcopyKZvcopy cwicyYcopy KDaggeri Ges `bdquowoacutebrsaquo`b ZvDaggerK `uvDaggerZi macr^vfvweK Kvgo ev bigvj AKnotzmb eDaggerj|
Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc 1-2wU `uvDaggerZ Aiacute Amacr^vfvweKZv _vKDaggerj I _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
`uvDaggerZi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb`uvDaggerZi macr^vfvweK Kvgo Gi kZcopycedilDaggerjv wbgœiƒc-
1| bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZ cedilDaggerjv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZ MyDaggerjvi Zzjbvq msLumlvMZ w`K w`Daggerq
GKUz mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere| Zvi Kvib nDaggerjv bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZcedilDaggerjv DcDaggerii
daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `uvDaggerZi daggerPDaggerq AvuKvDaggeri daggerQvU|
2| DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZ cedilDaggerjv GKwU wbw`copyoacute `yiZiexcl I KvgDaggeroi gvaumlDaggerg mvgDaggerb Ges wcQDaggerb
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK daggerXDaggerK ivLDaggere|
3| DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclb `uvZ (1st) Gi mvgDaggerb Ges evwnDaggerii w`DaggerK DPuy Ask wU
(Mesio Buccal Cusp) wbDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclb `uvDaggerZi mvgDaggerb Ges evwnDaggerii
gvSvgvwS daggerh uvDaggerZ bumlvq RvqMvq (Buccal Groove) Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
4| DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerQ`b `uvZ wbDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerQ`b Ges AMOumlDaggerclb (1st Premolar)
Gi gaumleZxcopy dvuKv macrrsquovDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
5| wbDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji KZcopyb `uvDaggerZi wKbviv (Incisal Edge) DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji KZcopyb `uvDaggerZi
cbdquoocircDagger`k (Zvjyi w`DaggerK) Gi gaumleZxcopy macrrsquovDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere| hv nDaggerZ nDaggere mwVK `yiZiexcl Ges
mwVK Kvgo mcurrenuacutebœ|
ZvnDaggerj dagger`ix daggerKb Gparazbx 1 wgwbU Avqbvi mvgDaggerb `vwoDaggerq dagger`DaggerL daggerbB AvgvDagger`i `uvZ Ges
`uvDaggerZi Kvgo Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb iDaggerqDaggerQ wK bv
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16
GKwesk kZvatildexDaggerZ wPwKrmv weAacutevb DbœwZi Pig wkLDaggeri Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerQ| GB DbœwZi
daggerRvqvDaggerii mvDagger_ Zvj wgwjDaggerq `šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi AbumlZg cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy kvLv ADagger_vcopyWbwmqv I
GLb AvDaggeriv DbœZ| bvbvwea RwUj mgmumlvi mgvavb nDagger‛Q ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg|
Avmyb Avgiv cwiwPZ nB KZcedilDaggerjv cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy mgmumlvi mDaggerfrac12 hvi mgvavb Lye mnDaggerRB wPwKrmvi
gvaumlDaggerg Kiv hvq|
1 microvDwWs Crowding
GB aiDaggerYi mgmumlvq dagger`Lv hvq daggerPvqvDaggerj `vuZcedilDaggerjv AvuKv evuKv nDaggerq Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerQ ev
daggerPvqvDaggerj chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKvi KviDaggerY GK `vuZ Abuml `vuDaggerZi Dci DDaggerV daggerMDaggerQ|
microvDwWs Crowding
2 daggermacruacutewms (Spacing)
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS
dvuKv RvqMv _vKv|
17
3 wWmDaggercshymDaggergrsaquoU (Displacement)
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq GKwU `vuDaggerZi daggerh RvqMvq Aemacrrsquovb Kivi K_v daggermLvb dagger_DaggerK mDaggeri Abuml
RvqMvq PDaggerj hvq|
wWmDaggercshymDaggergrsaquoU
(Displacement)
4 GKDaggerUvwcK Bivcmb (Ectopic Eruption)
`vuZ Zvi wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV Abuml daggerKvb `vuDaggerZi RvqMvq ev Abuml daggerKvb
Amacr^vfvweK AemacrrsquovDaggerb DDaggerV|
GKDaggerUvwcK Bivcmb
(Ectopic Eruption)
5 Cross Bite ev DDaggereumlv Kvgo Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii daggerPqvDaggerji
mvgDaggerbi `vuZ cedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `uvZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL Ges DcDaggerii
daggerPvqvDaggerji wcQDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ mvgvbuml evBDaggerii
18
w`DaggerK _vDaggerK| GDaggerK Normal Bite ev macr^vfvweK Kvgo eDaggerj| GB Aemacrrsquovi DDaggereumlvwU hLb
NDaggerU ZLb ZvDaggerK Cross Bite ev DDaggereumlv Kvgo eDaggerj|
Cross Bite
ev DDaggereumlv Kvgo
6 (IDaggercb evBU) Open bite
Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerii cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi daggerPqvDaggerji
cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi GKwU macruacutekcopy _vDaggerK| daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` Kvgo dagger`qv Ae rsquovq DcDaggerii cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi msmacruacutekcopy bv _vDaggerK Ges Gi dDaggerj `yB cvwU `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS
dvuKv _vDaggerK ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Open bite eDaggerj|
IDaggercb evBU
(Open bite)
7 wWc evBU (Deep bite)
Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi
GK ZhellipZxqvsk daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL| wKšlsquo daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi cyDaggerivUv daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL ZLb ZvDaggerK Deep bite ev daggerewk Kvgo eDaggerj|
19
(wWc evBU) Deep bite
8 Knotvm 2 gumlvjAKnotzmb
(Class II malocclusion Division 1) GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ macr^vfvweDaggerKi daggerPDaggerq ADaggerbK mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| DcDaggerii cvwUcopyi mvgDaggerbi
`vZcedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK DuPz nq|
Knotvm 2 wWwfkb 1 gumlvjAvKnotzmb
11 Knotvm 3 gumlvjAKnotzmb (Class III Malocclusion)
20
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi cvwcopyUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL
ev DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi Inscisal Edge GDaggerK AcDaggerii DcDaggeri Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| hvDaggerK
Edge To Edge Bite eDaggerj|
Knotvm 3 gumlvjAKnotzmb
12 Zvjy KvUv I daggerVvuU KvUv t
GwU GKwU RbyenMZ mgmumlv ADaggerbDaggerK iumlay daggerVvU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv Avevi ADaggerbDaggerK Dfq
mgmumlv wbDaggerqB RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| AwfAacute wPwKrmKebdquoDaggerrsaquo`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutevi gvaumlDaggerg mwVK
mgDaggerq mwVK wPwKrmv w`Daggerq daggerVvuU I Zvjy KvUv fvDaggerjv Kiv AvRKvj daggerKvb mgmumlvB bq|
21
Zvjy KvUv
daggerVvuU KvUv
DcDaggerii AvDaggerjvPbvq Avwg wKQy mgmumlv Lye mnR fvlvq AvcbvDagger`i eySvDaggerZ daggerPoacutev KDaggeriwQ|
GmKj mgmumlvi mswparaszlig weeiY wfZDaggerii cOumlwZwU AaumlvDaggerq dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev KiwQ|
22
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PROF IIDA JUN ICHI RO DR SAGOR amp
PROF TT YAMAMOTO AT KOREA
23
At IADR Seminar USA
Avcwb nqDaggerZvev Avcbvi wbDaggerRi A_ev daggerKvb wcOumlqRDaggerbi AvuKv evuKv `vuZ wbDaggerq LyeB
`ywethšmdashvMOumlmacr mdash| mywPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg Orthodontist AvcbvDaggerK GB `ywethšmdashv dagger_DaggerK gysup3 KiDaggerZ
cvDaggerib| wKšlsquo Avcwb wK RvDaggerbb daggerKb `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPz bxPz nq Avmyb bxDaggerPi AvDaggerjvPbvi
gvaumlDaggerg Avgiv cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy GB cOumlkœwUi DEumli LyuDaggerR daggerbB|
wewfbœ wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv wewfbœfvDaggere `vuZ AvuKv-evuKv nevi KviY mg~nDaggerK daggerkordfYxetimes
KDaggeriDaggerQb| AvcbvDagger`i Rvbvi myweavDagger_copy Lye mnR fvlvq `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi KviY mg~n wbDaggerP
dagger`qv njt
1| RbyenMZ KviY t K) wkiuml hw` daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| L) wkiumli
RDaggerbyeni mgq gv_vq AvNvZ daggercDaggerj| M) wewfbœ JlDaggerai cvkbrvbarcopy cOumlwZmicroqvi Rbuml|
2| eskMZ KviDaggerYt daggerPvqvj Lye daggerewk eo ev daggerQvU nDaggerj| daggerPvqvDaggerj me `vuZ aDaggeri
ivLvi gZ chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKDaggerj|
3| niDaggergvDaggerbi wewfbœ mgmumlv daggerhgbt Cretinism acromegali _vKDaggerj|
4| daggerPvqvj ev `vuDaggerZi bxDaggerP daggerKvb wUDgvi _vKDaggerj ev AvNvZ daggercDaggerj|
5| fyj ctimeswZDaggerZ Lvevi wMjDaggerj (Improper Swallowing)|
6| gyDaggerL daggerKvb `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKDaggerj|
7| `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AvKhellipwZ Amacr^vfvweK nDaggerj|
8| gyDaggerL AwZwisup3 daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj|
9| DaggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi gDaggerauml jydegvwqZ _vKDaggerj|
10| wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya `vuZ daggerdDaggerj w`Daggerj|
11| `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi ciI ADaggerbKw`b aDaggeri gyDaggerL Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerj|
12| macrrsquovqx daggerKvb `vuZ bv _vKDaggerj|
13| macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVDaggerZ dagger`ix KiDaggerj|
14| AvNvZ daggercDaggerj|
15| DaggerKvb `vuZ mnRfvDaggere DVDaggerZ euml_copy nDaggerj|
16| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv dagger`qv cOumlfbdquowZ AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi
cOumlavb KviYmg~nDaggerZv RvbDaggerjb| Avmyb bv Rvbv AacutevbUvDaggerK KvDaggerR jvMvB| DcDaggerivsup3
24
KviYmg~n hw` KvDaggeriv gvDaggerS dagger`LDaggerZ cvB ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY
KiDaggerZ ewj|
hLb KvDaggeriv gv_vq PzDaggerji cwigvb macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ Kg _vDaggerK ZLb ZvDaggerK KZB bv
`ywethšmdashv MOumlmacr mdash dagger`Lvq| gv_vi Pzjwenxb dvuKv macrrsquovb wKfvDaggere `~i Kiv hvq Zv wbDaggerq daggerhb wPšmdashvi daggerkl
_vDaggerK bv| wVK daggerZgwbfvDaggere wKQy gvbyDaggerli `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMv dagger`Lv hvq| ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcirc
Zviv Abuml gvbyDaggerli mvgDaggerb K_v ejDaggerZ GgbwK cOumlvb LyDaggerj nvmDaggerZI Amacr^wmacrmdash daggereva KDaggeri| hviv dvuKv
`vuDaggerZi mgmumlv fyMDaggerQb ZvDagger`i `ywethšmdashvi w`b daggerkl| ADagger_copyvWbwUKm wPwKrmvi KjumlvDaggerb dvuKv
`vuDaggerZi wPwKrmv GLb Avi daggerKvb mgmumlvB bq|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy
wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
25
mvaviY ADagger_copy Spacing ejDaggerZ Avgiv dvuKv macrrsquovb eywS| wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi fvlvq hLb
g yDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb daggerKvb `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMv _vDaggerK ZLb ZvDaggerK Spacing eDaggerj|
cOumlKviDaggerf` t Spacing `yB aiDaggerYi nDaggerq _vDaggerK|
1) Generalized Spacing daggerPvqvDaggerji me ev AwaKvsk `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv
_vKDaggerj|
2) Localized Spacing `yB ev ZDaggerZvwaK `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerj|
DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `ywU `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerj ZvDaggerK Median
Diastema eDaggerj|
Spacing ev dvuKvi KviY t
1 daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq `vuDaggerZi AvKvi hw` daggerQvU nq
2 RbyenMZfvDaggere daggerKvb `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKDaggerj|
3 Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj|
4 DaggerKvb `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AwZ paraz`ordf nDaggerj|
5 `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerj|
6 wmdivide wUDgvi _vKDaggerj|
7 wRnŸv eo _vKDaggerj| (macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ)
8 `vuZ wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK NyDaggeri daggerMDaggerj
9 GQvov daggerVuvU ev MvDaggerji KviDaggerY A_ev AwZwisup3 daggerKvb `vuZ gyDaggerL _vKDaggerj Zv cvDaggerki
`vuZDaggerK Pressure w`Daggerq mwiDaggerq Spacing KDaggeri|
Spacing wKfvDaggere wbYcopyq Kiv nq t
K) DaggerivMxi gyL MnŸi chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri
L) DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZiƒc ev Model dagger`DaggerL
M) x-ray dagger`DaggerL|
26
Spacing Gi Amyweav mg~nt
duvKv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI daggerivMxi Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv K_v ejvi
mgq daggerKvb daggerKvb katilde macruacuteoacutefvDaggere D‛PviDaggerY mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt
Spacing Gi wPwKrmv Kivi c~Daggerecopy daggerivMxi BwZnvm fvDaggerjvfvDaggere RvbDaggerZ nDaggere Ges
Spacing Gi mcurrencentveuml KviY mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggerZ nDaggere| hw` daggerivMxi Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK
hvi Rbuml `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMvi mbdquowoacute nDagger‛Q ZDaggere daggermB Afumlvm ev` dagger`qvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| ZviciI hw` daggerivMx Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere Habit breaking
appliance eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere| daggerKvb
TumourCyst _vKDaggerj Zv AcmviY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Spacing hw` Lye mvgvbuml cwigvDaggerY nq
Ges daggerivMxi hw` daggerKvb AwfDaggerhvM bv _vDaggerK ZDaggere wPwKrmv bv KivDaggerj I PDaggerj| ZDaggere Spacing
ADaggerbK daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontics wPwKrmv jvMDaggere| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri
wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wK aiDaggerYi wPwKrmv w`Daggereb| Spacing wVK Kivi Rbuml yB aiDaggerYi hšiquest ev
appliance use Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Removable Appliance)
Orthodontist `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ Fixed KDaggeri Appliance wU jvwMDaggerq w`Daggereb
(Fixed appliance) hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggerebv|
hw` `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mvgvbuml dvuKv _vDaggerK ZDaggere `vuDaggerZi iDaggerOi mvDagger_ wgwjDaggerq Filling Kiv
daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
GQvov gyDaggerLi Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS KhellipwIcircg `vuZ ewmDaggerq I Spacing Correction Kiv hvq| DaggerZv
Avcbvi hw` _vDaggerK dvuKv `vuDaggerZi mgmumlv ZDaggere PDaggerj Avmyb AwfAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ| wPwKrmv
KwiDaggerq `vuDaggerZi dvuKv wVK Kisbquob cOumlvY LyDaggerj nvmyb Avi nDaggerq DVyb AvKlcopyYxq|
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mvaviYfvDaggere Crowding ejDaggerZ daggerKvb wKQyi AvwaKumlDaggerK daggerevSvq| wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi
fvlvq gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKvi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi macr^vfvweK webumlvm evavMOumlmacrrsquo nDaggerq daggerh
wekbdquoldquoLjZv mbdquowoacute nq ZvDaggerK Crowding eDaggerj|
KviYmg~nt wewfbœ KviDaggerY gyDaggerL Crowding nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Zvi gDaggerauml DDaggerjshyLDaggerhvMuml
KviYmg~n bxDaggerP Dagger`qv njt
1 gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AvKhellipwZi mvgAumlmuml bv _vKDaggerj|
2 `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj|
3 `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi ADaggerbK AvDaggerM cDaggero daggerMDaggerj
4 macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVDaggerZ dagger`ix nDaggerj
5 AvNvZ daggercDaggerj
6 DaggerKvb `vuZ evowZ _vKDaggerj
7 Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj
28
8 daggerPvqvj macr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes bv daggercDaggerj
Crowding wbYcopyqt
1 daggerivMxi gyLMnŸi chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri|
2 DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Model ev cOumlwZiƒc dagger`DaggerL
3 GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL|
Crowding Gi djvdj t
`vuDaggerZi Dci cOumlfvet Gi dDaggerj `vuZ Zvi wbDaggerRi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK NyDaggeri daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri
`vuZ daggernDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri GgbwK daggerKvb daggerKvb `vuZ bvI DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Dci cOumlfve t
1 DaggerivMx mvgvwRKfvDaggere wewfbœ mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
2 DaggermŠrsaquo`hcopynvwb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
3 `vuZ wVKgZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ bv cvivi KviDaggerY `vuZ I gvwoi wewfbœ daggerivDaggerM Avmicrovšmdash
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
4 nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmv t
1 cOumlwZDaggerivag~jK eumlemacrrsquovt
hw` daggerivMxi cwievDaggeri KvDaggeriv `vuDaggerZ Crowding _vDaggerK ZDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist-Gi chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ covi mwVK mgq bv Avmv chcopyšmdash `ya `vuZDaggerK msiparaY Kivi daggerPoacutev KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggerKvb paraqDaggerivM dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerZ daggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml
boacute bv nq|
Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj ZumlvM KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ mwVK mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj Zv wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq daggerdDaggerj dagger`qvi eumlemacrrsquov KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
29
gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere avivevwnKfvDaggere wbw`copyoacute wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerK
wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi fvlvq Serial extraction ejv nq|
2 msDaggerkvab g~jK eumlemacrrsquov t
K) DaggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml evovDaggerbv
DaggerPvqvjDaggerK cOumlmvwiZ Kiv
mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK wKQyUv DuPz Kiv
Daggergvjvi `vuZDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerUDaggerb Daggerbqv
vuDaggerZi AvKvi daggerQvU KDaggeri daggerdjv
`vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjv t
Crowding Gi cwigvY Lye daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontist wVK KiDaggereb daggerKvb `vuZwU
daggerdjDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
Crowding Lye daggerewk nDaggerj ev gvSvwi aiDaggerYi nDaggerj Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggerq
Removable ev Fixed daggerh daggerKvb GK aiDaggerYi appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggereb|
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30
Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi
msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy AvDaggerm| wKšlsquo daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` DcDaggerii cvwUcopyi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy bv
AvDaggerm Ges Gi dDaggerj DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi cvwUcopyi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mecopy`v dvuKv macrrsquovb _vDaggerK Ges gyL
mcurrenuacute~YcopyiƒDaggerc eUuml bv nq ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Open Bite eDaggerj|
mvaviYfvDaggere Open Bite ejDaggerZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi
Kvgo bv jvMvDaggerK daggerevSvq|
Open bite mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ ev wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Open Bite Gi KviY
mg~nt Avfrac12yj weDaggerkl KDaggeri ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Open bite nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
31
wRnŸv macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ eo _vKDaggerj ev hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjvavdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm
_vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS _vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi
DcDaggerii AsDaggerk (occlusal surface) -G _vDaggerK ZDaggere Open Bite nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
G Qvov daggerivMx hw` Bony Dysplasia Congenital wmwdwjm BZumlvw` daggerivDaggerM fyDaggerM
_vDaggerK ZDaggereI Open bite Gi mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt Open bite Gi wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml mecopycOuml_g daggerivMxDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOuml_Daggerg Open bite nevi KviY
mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggereb| hw` daggerivMxi Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK
ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm `~i Kivi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb
KDaggerib ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm ~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance)
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib daggerivMxDaggerK|
Open bite hw` gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj hvq ZDaggere Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontic
appliance eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri hv Fixed ev Removable daggerh daggerKvb iKgB
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
hw` daggerPvqvDaggerji nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Open bite dagger`Lv hvq Ges daggerivMxi eqm hw` 6-12 eQi
nq ZDaggere Chin cap (Chin cap bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi ev bxDaggerPi w`DaggerKi ebdquowtimes
nIqvDaggerK cOumlwZDaggeriva KDaggeri) Gi mvDagger_ High pull head gear eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nevi ci Ges macrrsquovqx `vuZ me DVvi ci daggerPvqvDaggerji Amacr^vfvweK
ebdquowtimesRwbZ KviDaggerY daggerh Open bite nq Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Surgery Kiv DaggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq KvDaggeriv Open bite Gi mgmumlv _vKDaggerj AvovDaggerj Zvi mgvDaggerjvPbv bv
KDaggeri AvgvDagger`i mKDaggerji DwPZ ZvDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ
ejv| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cieZcopyx KiYxq mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy ejDaggerZ cviDaggereb| Zvui
civgkcopy Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY KiDaggerj Open bite wbivgq Kiv mcurrencente|
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32
`šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv Class II Malocclusion DaggerK `yB fvDaggerM fvM KDaggeriDaggerQb|
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion
2 Class II division 2 malocclusion
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion t
hw` KvDaggeriv daggerclY `vuDaggerZi mcurrenuacuteKcopy (Molar relation) Class II _vDaggerK Ges DcDaggerii
DaggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZ cedilDaggerjv DPz _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv Class II Division 1 Gi Ašmdashfycopysup3|
Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK
(Convex profile) DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ daggerewk daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL
DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK daggerewk mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| `vuZ DuPz nevi KviDaggerY
daggerivMx ADaggerbK mgq `yB daggerVuvU eUuml KiDaggerZ cvDaggeribv|
33
2 Class II division 2 Malocclusion
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc Molar Relation Class II _vKDaggere A_copyvr DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev
Molar `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev Molar `vuDaggerZi dagger_DaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ mvgDaggerb
Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv wKQyUv wfZDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb
KiDaggere| mvaviYZ DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj GKB iKg AemacrrsquovDaggerb _vKDaggere (Straight Profile)
DcDaggerii `vuZcedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK cyDaggerivUv daggerXDaggerK ivLDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`ix bv KDaggeri GKRb Orthodontist daggerK Rvbvb|
Orthodontist wewfbœ chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri wPwKrmv ctimeswZ wVK KiDaggereb|
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Avcbvi AvDaggerk cvDaggerki gvbylcedilDaggerjvDaggerK GKUz fvDaggerjvfvDaggere jpara KiDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggereb daggerewki
fvM gvbyDaggerliB DcDaggeri daggerPvqvj Ges DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji
`vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ mvgvbuml GKUz mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK| Ges GUvB nDaggerjv macr^vfvweK| wKšlsquo wKQy gvbyDaggerli
daggerparaDaggerIcirc Gi DDaggereumlvUv dagger`Lv dagger`q| A_copyvr ZvDagger`i bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK _vDaggerK DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj ev DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ| GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi
fvlvq eDaggerj Class III malocclusion|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
`yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| 1Uv nDaggerjv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY| GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii
cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi
MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb dagger`DaggerL GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wKfvDaggere wPwKrmv KiDaggerj
daggerivMx mDaggerecopyvEumlg djvdj cvq|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion nq ZDaggere Orthodontic
Treatment A_copyvr iumlaygvIcirc Brace cwoDaggerqB wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere evošmdash ev cwiYZ daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB| ZDaggere Lye daggerewk eqDaggerm wPwKrmv KivDaggerj wPwKrmvi mgq daggereDaggero hvDaggere|
hw` evošmdash eqDaggerm nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion dagger`Lv dagger`q ZDaggere
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvjDaggerK mvgDaggerb Avbvi Rbuml ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvjDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerbqvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK wewfbœ
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aiDaggerYi hšiquest dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri eumlenvDaggerii Rbuml| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Face Mask Chin Cap DDaggerjshyL
daggerhvMuml|
hw` cwiYZ eqDaggerm gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerqi Class III malocclusion hv nvDaggerii MVDaggerbi
KviDaggerY nDaggerqDaggerQ Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ ZDaggere kjuml wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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evBgumlvmiddot
evBgvmiddot `y aiDaggerbi nq| evBgumlvwmiddotjvix cOumlUzordfmb Ges evBgumlvwmiddot jvix cOumlwKnotDaggerbmb| wK KwVb
katilde| Avmyb Lye mnDaggerR daggerRDaggerb daggerbB `uvZ I gvwoi Avi GK mgmumlv hvi bvg evBgvmiddot|
evBgumlvmiddot mgmumlvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj wKsev `uvZ wKsev DfqB mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK DPzu _vDaggerK| dDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv daggerVvU DPzu nDaggerq _vKv GgbwK gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ
cviv mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
mvavibZ `uvZ hw` Zzjbvg~jK fvDaggere eo GgbwK daggerPvqvj jcurren^v wKsev daggerXvK wMjvi mgq
wRnev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK Amacr^vfvweK fvDaggere `uvZDaggerK mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK daggerVjv w`Daggerj GB aiDaggerbi mgmumlv nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| NveovDaggerbvi wKQzB daggerbB GB mgmumlvi mgvavb Lye myrsaquo`i KDaggeri GK AwfAacute ADagger_copyDaggerWbwUdivide
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib| gDaggerb ivLDaggerZ nDaggere cOumlv_wgK Aemacrrsquovq GB mgmumlvi mgvavb KiDaggerj ZZUv RwUjZv nq
bv| eDaggerqvmwUuml KvDaggerji c~Daggere eDaggerqvmmwUuml KvDaggerji mgq Ges cDaggeri wPwKrmv eumlemacrrsquov cbdquo_K cbdquo_K nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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myrsaquo`Daggerii c~Rvix mKDaggerjB ZvB GB mgmumlv mgvavb KDaggeri
Avcwb nDaggerq DVyb myrsaquo`i `uvZ I nvwmi AwaKvix
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daggerMR `vuZ(High Canine) DPz KZcopyb `vuZ t
AvgvDagger`i gyDaggerL eqm 5 eQi chcopyšmdash daggerh 20 wU `vuZ _vDaggerK Zvi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ
_vDaggerK| eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ 20wU `ya `vuZ hLb cDaggero wMDaggerq macrrsquovqx `vuZ DDaggerV ZLbI daggergvU
32wU `vuDaggerZi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ _vDaggerK| G KZcopyb `uvZcedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi 4wU daggerKvbvq AewmacrrsquoZ| ZvB
GDagger`iDaggerK Corner Stone of mouth eDaggerj| bvg iumlbDaggerjB daggerevSv hvq G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Lv`uml`ordfeumlDaggerK
KZcopyb KiDaggerZ Ges wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri| G `vuZ cedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK kwsup3kvjx| KviY G `vuDaggerZi
GbvDaggergDaggerji cyisbquoZiexcl Daggerewk Ges mvgDaggerbi 4wU `vuDaggerZi (Pecopyb `vuZ-Incisor tooth) ciciB
AewmacrrsquoZ| daggerKvb daggerKvb mgq wewfbœ KviY ekZt G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Zvi wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK wfbœ
AemacrrsquovDaggerb dagger`Lv hvq| hw` G `vuZcedilDaggerjv gvwoi gDaggerauml ev DcDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri ZLb ZvDaggerK
High Canine ev daggerMR `vuZ ejv nq| Avevi KLDaggerbv GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv Zvjyi w`K w`Daggerq DDaggerV|
ZLb GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK Palataly placed canine eDaggerj| Avevi KLDaggerbv I gvwo ev Zvjyi wfZDaggeri
G `vuZ Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| ZLb ZvDaggerK Impacted Canine ejv nq| GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi gDaggerauml
AZxe Risbquoix PviwU `vuZ| GB `vuZ daggerhgb Lv`uml`ordfeuml KZcopyb I wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri cvkvcvwk
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daggerPvqvDaggerji bovPovDaggerK wbqšiquestY KDaggeri| GB `vuZDaggerK Beauty tooth I ejv nq| ZvB G `vuDaggerZi
mvwietimesfvDaggere webumlvm LyeB Risbquoix|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ daggerh KDaggerqKwU mgmumlv ZzDaggerj aiv nDaggerjv G mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi mgvavb LyeB Risbquoix|
hw` daggerKD GiKg daggerKvb mgmumlvq fyDaggerM _vDaggerKb ZDaggere AwfAacute Orthodontist -B nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
Avcbvi myrsaquo`i nvwm wdwiDaggerq dagger`qvi cig eUumlz|
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daggerVvuU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerki wkiumlDagger`i GKwU AbumlZg
mgmumlv| wewfbœ MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv wMDaggerqDaggerQ cOumlwZ 700 RDaggerb 1 Rb daggerVvuU KvUv Ges cOumlwZ 1000 RDaggerb
1 Rb wkiuml Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| daggerVvuU KvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggerQDaggerj wkiumlDagger`i Ges
ZvjyKvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggergDaggerq-wkiumlDagger`i gvDaggerS|
wewfbœ KviDaggerY wkiuml daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri _vDaggerK| kZKiv 25 fvM daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GUv eskMZ KviDaggerY nDaggerq _vDaggerK| hw` 1 Rb ZvjyKvUv daggerivMx 1 Rb mymacrrsquo gvbylDaggerK weDaggerq KDaggeri ZDaggere
ZvDagger`i ev‛Pvi ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kivi mcurrencentvebv kZKiv 2 fvM|
Mfcopyvemacrrsquovi cOuml_g fvDaggerM gv hw` daggerKvb fvBivj BbDaggerdKkDaggerb Avmicrovšmdash nq ev kvixwiKfvDaggere
AvNvZcOumlvszlig nq ev niDaggergvDaggerbi fvimvgumlnxbZvq fyDaggerM ev wfUvwgDaggerbi AfvDaggere fyDaggerM _vDaggerK ev
daggeriwWDaggerqkDaggerb GmiddotDaggercvR nq ev _umlvwjDaggerWvgvBW RvZxq Ilya MOumlnY KDaggeri ZDaggere wkiumli daggerVvuU ev
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| KvDaggerQi AvZyenxq macr^RDaggerbi gvDaggerS weDaggerq nDaggerjI wkiuml G mgmumlv
wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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DaggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq wkiuml RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerj cwieviDaggerK bvbv aiDaggerYi mvgvwRK I gvbwmK
mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ nq| wkiuml hLb GB mgmumlv wbDaggerq eo nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZLb daggermI gvbwmKfvDaggere
nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ _vDaggerK| G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ K_v
ejDaggerZ I iumlbDaggerZ mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| `vuDaggerZi mgmumlvi gDaggerauml hv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Zvi gDaggerauml AbumlZg
nDagger‛Q-wewfbœ `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKv `vuZ wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV gyDaggerLi Abuml daggerKvb RvqMvq
DVv evowZ wKQy `vuZ _vKv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb ksup3 bv nIqv `vuDaggerZi MVb myrsaquo`i bv nIqv
gvwoi wewfbœ mgmumlv `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPy-bxPz nIqv|
daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv daggerivMxDagger`i wPwKrmv weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmKDagger`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutev Qvov mcurrencente
bq| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Orthodontist Gi f~wgKv iumlisbquo nq ev‛Pvi RDaggerbyeni ci ciB| daggerhDaggernZz daggerVvuU I
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv nq daggermRbuml wkiumli RDaggerbyeni ci ciB
gyDaggerLi wfZi covi Rbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b daggerhb wkiumli daggerLDaggerZ
daggerKvb mgmumlv bv nq|
kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wkiumli 3-6 gvm eqDaggerm daggerVvuU I 1-2 eQi eqDaggerm Zvjy wVK KiDaggerZ
nDaggere GKRb AwfAacute kjuml wPwKrmK Oslashviv| kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg daggerVvuU I Zvjy wVK Kivi ci
wkiumli DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj hvDaggerZ msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GK aiDaggerYi
Appliance ev hšiquest bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b|
wkiumli Mixed dentition stage (6-12 eQi eqm) -G gyDaggerL daggerKvb AwZwisup3 `vuZ
_vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GQvov mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Cross bite _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuZ
AvuKv evKv _vKDaggerj ev Molar ev daggerclY `vDaggerZi Relation wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere Removable ev Fixed appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo
KiDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
me macrrsquovqx `vuZ PDaggerj Avmvi ci macrrsquovqxfvDaggere daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Kvgo (Occlusion
improve) wVK Kivi Rbuml Fixed ev Removable appliance w`Daggerq Orthodontist
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb Ges daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggereb|
GB mgDaggerq gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyDaggerK wVK Kivi Rbuml cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj Bony Graft Kiv daggerhDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| Gi dDaggerj Orthodontic treatment Gi daggerh djvdj ZvI Aparazbœ _vKDaggere|
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daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLvi ci Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere daggerivMxDaggerK
Permanent Retainer bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv daggerivMxDaggerK me mgq cDaggero _vKDaggerZ nDaggere|
Amacrlsaquovi weRqx DaggerRvqvDaggerKb wdwbmiddot RDaggerbyeni mgq daggerVvuU KvuUv wQj
daggerVvuU KuvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv daggerKvb Awfkvc bq| mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg
GDaggerK mvwiDaggerq daggerZvjv mcurrencente| `iKvi iumlay mevi mDaggerPZbZv Avi mwVK mgDaggerq weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri daggerm Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY Kiv|
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ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerKvb eqDaggerm iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ Zv AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKiB ARvbv|
ADaggerbK AwffveKB eySDaggerZ cvDaggerib bv wkiumli ADagger_copyvWbwUK mgmumlvi Rbuml daggerKvb eqDaggerm
Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| AAacutevbZvi Rbuml ev Abuml daggerKvb wOslashav-OslashDaggerrsaquo`i
KviDaggerY Zviv ADaggerbK mgqB ADaggerbK dagger`ix KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb wPwKrmvi
Rbuml| dDaggerj wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc wPwKrmvi eumlvwszligKvj daggereDaggero hvq| wKQyDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK
chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc
wPwKrmvi djvdj Avkvbyiƒc nq bv| KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv KZUv
Risbquoix| GLb Avwg ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi eqm mxgv wbDaggerq AvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri AvcbvDagger`i
wKQyUv nDaggerjI aviYv dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev Kie|
AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerk ADaggerbK wkiumlB daggerVvuU ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| Kzmsmacrlsaquoviv‛Qbœ
gvbyliv GDaggerK Awfkvc ev fvDaggerMumli wjLb gDaggerb KDaggeri nvZ cv cedilwUDaggerq eDaggerm _vDaggerK daggerKvb wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri bv| wKšlsquo gDaggerb ivLDaggereb daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumli
AwffveKDagger`i DwPZ RDaggerbyeni ci ciB GKRb AwfAacute Orhodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY Kiv|
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KviY G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i RDaggerbyeni ciB cOumlavb I cOuml_g daggerh mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q Zv nDaggerjv Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mgmumlv| Orthodontist Gmgq GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv wkiumlDaggerK Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml LyeB parawZKi GKwU Afumlvm|
mvaviYZ `yB dagger_DaggerK wZb eQi eqDaggermi gDaggerauml Avcbv Avcwb wkiuml G AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KDaggeri daggerdDaggerj|
wKšlsquo ZviciI hw` wkiuml AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere AwffveKDagger`i Gi parawZKi w`KwU
mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere Ges microgvMZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv PjDaggerZ _vKDaggerj wkiumlDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj G AfumlvmwU
`~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance) bullZwi KDaggeri w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib
hvDaggerZ KDaggeri fwelumlDaggerZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi KviDaggerY wkiumli `vuDaggerZi webumlvm AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv hvq|
mvaviYZ 5-6 eQi eqm dagger_DaggerK wkiumlDagger`i `ya `vuZ coDaggerZ iumlisbquo KDaggeri| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK mgq
dagger`Lv hvq AvNvZ RwbZ paraq RwbZ ev Abuml daggerKvb daggerivDaggerMi KviDaggerY wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya
`vuZ cDaggero hvq ev daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| `vuZ covi ci daggerh dvuKv RvqMvwU _vDaggerK daggerm RvqMvwU ZLb
`yB cvDaggerki `vuZ w`Daggerq eUuml nDaggerq hvq| dDaggerj rsquovqx `vuZ DVvi Rbuml chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv daggercDaggerq
Amacr^vfvweK daggerKvb RvqMvq `vuZ DDaggerV Ges `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi mcurrencentvebv daggereDaggero hvq| GB dvuKv
macrrsquovbwU hvDaggerZ cvDaggerki `vuZ Oslashviv eUuml bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl hšiquest bullZwi
KDaggeri w`Daggereb hvDaggerK Space maintainer eDaggerj| KvDaggerRB daggerKvb `ya`vuZ hw` Zvi wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi
AvDaggerM cDaggero hvq ZDaggere dagger`ix bv KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi mvDagger_ dagger`Lv Kisbquob|
ADaggerbK ev‛PvDagger`i dagger`Lv hvq DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj daggerewk evoDaggerQ ev hZUzKz evovi K_v
ZZUzKz evoDaggerQ bv| Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc evošmdash eqDaggerm (6-12) Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cOumlDaggerqvRb AbymvDaggeri Face
mask ev Chin cap eumlenvi KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb hv ev‛Pvi DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimesDaggerK
mwVK AmacrrsquovDaggerb wbDaggerZ mnvqZv KiDaggere|
DaggerVuvU I ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i daggerVvuU I Zvjy kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wVK
Kivi ci mwVK mgq Orthodontist Gmiddotcvbmb macrŒz (Expansion screw) ZvjyDaggerZ jvwMDaggerq
dagger`b hvDaggerZ DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq| G wkiumlDagger`i 8-10 eQi eqDaggerm bone
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grafting Kivi Rbuml kjuml wPwKrmKDaggerK cOumlDaggerqvRbxq civgkcopy I mnvqZv w`Daggerq _vDaggerKb
Orthodontist|
6-12 eQi eqDaggerm hLb wkiumli gyDaggerL `ya I macrrsquovqx Dfq cOumlKvi `vuZ we`umlgvb ZLb hw`
`vuDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo (Cross bite) daggerewk Kvgo (Deep bite) dagger`Lv hvq ZDaggere
Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRbxq eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggereb hvDaggerZ fwelumlDaggerZ KvgocedilDaggerjv AvDaggeriv Lvivc -Gi w`DaggerK
bv hvq|
`ya `vuZ me cDaggero hvevi ci I macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVvi ci AvuKv evuKv DuPz -bxPz `vuZ wVK
Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS Removable Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ
ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere) ev Fixed Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere bv) w`Daggerq
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb|
ADaggerbDaggerKiB gDaggerbB cOumlkœ _vDaggerK daggerh daggerewk eqDaggerm Orthodontic wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere wKbv|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuZ nvo I GDagger`i mvDagger_ mcurrenuacuteKcopyhysup3 structure cedilDaggerjv fvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZDaggere daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv Kiv mcurrencente|
cOumlvszlig eqDaggerm hw` DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj hw` Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes daggercDaggerq _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv
wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj kjuml wPwKrmvi Oslashvimacrrsquo nDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi mdjZv wbfcopyi KDaggeri wPwKrmDaggerKi AwfAacuteZv daggerivMx I Zvi
AwffveDaggerKi mnDaggerhvwMZv I mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi Dci|
gDaggerb ivLDaggereb mgDaggerqi GK daggerdvuo AmgDaggerqi `k daggerdvuo| mwVK mgDaggerq mwVK KvRwU KiDaggerj
Avcwb daggerh djvdj cvDaggereb dagger`ix KDaggeri KvRwU KiDaggerj daggermB djvdj Avcwb bvI daggercDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
Avcbvi daggerKvb wbKURDaggerbi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj mwVK mgDaggerq Orthodontist
Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggerZ fyjDaggereb bv daggerhb|
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Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Dci Bracket
ev Brace covDaggerbv _vDaggerK| Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq
Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv wbDagger`kcopyvejx wVKgZ daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj wPwKrmv cieZcopyx RwUjZv dagger`Lv
dagger`evi mcurrencentvebv LyeB Kg|
Fixed Orthodontic treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq gyL I `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZ weDaggerkl hZœ wbDaggerZ
nDaggere| daggerhme welDaggerqi Dci daggerewk daggerewk bRi ivLDaggerZ nDaggere Zv bxDaggerP dagger`qv nDaggerjvt
1 daggerhw`b daggerivMxi gyDaggerL Bracket emvDaggerbv nDaggere Zvici dagger_DaggerK 24 NrsaquoUv chcopyšmdash ksup3 Lvevi
LvIqv DwPZ bq| GDaggerZ Bracket LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| H 24 NrsaquoUv Lye daggerRvDaggeri daggerRvDaggeri `vuZ
eordfvk Kiv I DwPZ bq| daggerivMx Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv civgkcopy Abyhvqx `vuZ eordfvk
KiDaggere I macr^vfvweK Lvevi LvDaggere|
2 Bracket covDaggerbvi 2-3 w`b chcopyšmdash daggerivMxi GKUz Amacr^wmacrmdash nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GDaggerZ fDaggerqi wKQy
daggerbB| gyDaggerL bZzb wKQy wRwbm emvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2-3 w`b ci Zv AfumlvDaggerm cwiYZ nDaggerq
hvDaggere|
3 cOumlwZevi Lvevi LvIqvi ci AekumlB `vuZ fvDaggerjvfvDaggere eordfvk KiDaggerZ nDaggere| mKvDaggerj I ivDaggerZ
daggerdnotvivBW hysup3 Uz_Daggercdivide w`Daggerq `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggere| Abumlvbuml mgq Uz_ daggercoacute Qvov eordfvk KiDaggerjI
PjDaggere|
4 cOumlwZ wZb (3) gvm ci ci Uz_eordfvk e`j KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Uz_eordfvDaggerki weordfmampjcedilDaggerjv daggerhb big
(Medium soft) nq Zv daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
5 Bracket ev appliance -Gi Dci bxDaggerP 45 daggerKvDaggerY eordfvk aDaggeri `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
6 Lye daggerRvDaggeri Pvc w`Daggerq eordfvk Kiv hvDaggere bv| GDaggerZ KDaggeri Appliance LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
7 `vuDaggerZi daggerh cvDaggerk Appliance AvDaggerQ daggermB cvDaggerk Appliance -Gi Dci AvjDaggerZvfvDaggere
NywiDaggerq NywiDaggerq eordfvk KDaggeri `vuZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| `vuDaggerZi Abumlvbuml cvkcedilDaggerjvI daggerhb
fvDaggerjvfvDaggere cwireglsaquovi Kiv nq daggermw`DaggerK daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
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8 cOumlwZevi Lvevi Gi ci eordfvk Kiv mcurrencente bv nDaggerj LyefvDaggerjv KDaggeri KzjKzwP KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
9 `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerSi gqjv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Dental Floss eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
DaggerKvb KvwV ev myuB w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerLvPvDaggerbv hvDaggere bv|
10 wRnŸv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Tongue Cleanser eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
11 cOumlDaggerqvRDaggerb fvDaggerjv Mouth Wash eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere ZDaggerewPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy
Abyhvqx|
12 `vuDaggerZi gvwo Avfrac12yj w`Daggerq Massage Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
13 daggerKvb appliance daggerfDaggerfrac12 daggerMDaggerj ev LyDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ev Appliance Gi KviDaggerY gyDaggerL daggerKvb
mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj dagger`ix bv KDaggeri mDaggerfrac12 mDaggerfrac12 Orthondontist-Gi civgkcopy wbDaggerZ nDaggere|
14 wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq ksup3 Lvevi (nvo AvL) LvIqv cwinvi KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
15 AvVvDaggerjv RvZxq Lvevi (PzBs Mvg) LvIqv ev` w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
16 daggercqviv AvDaggercj ev daggerh daggerKvb ksup3 Lvevi Kvgo w`Daggerq bv daggerLDaggerq daggerQvU daggerQvU UzKiv KDaggeri
daggerLDaggerZ nDaggere|
17 Orthodontist DaggerhfvDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK AvmDaggerZ ejDaggereb (1gvm ci ci) AekumlB Zv cvjb
KiDaggerZ nDaggere| bv nDaggerj daggerivMxi wPwKrmv daggerkl nDaggerZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi daggerewk jvMDaggere|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbPz `vuZ wVK Kivi Rbuml daggerhgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Oslashviv mwVK wPwKrmv daggerZgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerivMx Ges daggerivMxi AwffveDaggerKi
mnDaggerhvwMZv Ges Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy Abyhvqx Pjv| ZDaggereB DaggerivMx wPwKrmv DaggerkDaggerl cvDaggere
KvwldquoparaZ myrsaquo`i `vuZ|
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mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
50
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ dnotwms
51
daggerQvAElig GKwU evMvDaggerb hw` ADaggerbKcedilDaggerjv MvQ daggereDaggero DVDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZDaggere ADaggerbK MvDaggerQi macr^vfvweK ebdquowtimes
weboacute nq Ges evMvbwU wKQyw`b ci Nb Rfrac12Daggerj cwiYZ nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK| ZLb hw` daggermLvb
dagger_DaggerK wKQy MvQ daggerKDaggerU daggerdjv nq ZDaggere evMvbwUi evKxMvQcedilDaggerjv iparav daggercDaggerq macr^vfvweKfvDaggere daggereDaggero
DVDaggere|
daggerZgwb gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerh cwigvY RvqMv AvDaggerQ Zvi daggerPDaggerq hw` `vuDaggerZi msLumlv daggerewk wKsev
`vuZ Lye daggerekx AvuKv evKv DuPz `uvZ _vKDaggerj ZDaggere Zv wVK KDaggeri `vuZDaggerK mywebumlvmacrmdash myrsaquo`i KDaggeri
daggerZvjvi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgq daggerivMxi wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB daggerivMx ev
Zvi AwffveK `vuZ daggerZvjvi K_v iumlbDaggerj fq cvq| Zviv fvDaggere `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ ADaggerbK euml_v
jvMDaggere ev daggerPvDaggerLi daggereordfBDaggerbi hw` daggerKvb parawZ nq| Zviv Orthodontist daggerK `vuZ bv ZzDaggerj
wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml AbyDaggeriva KDaggeri _vDaggerK| wKšlsquo ZvDagger`i G mKj aviYv mcurrenuacute~Ycopy Ag~jK| `vuZ
ZzjDaggerj daggerPvDaggerLi ev daggereordfBDaggerbi daggerKvb parawZ nqbv| GKRb AwfAacute wPwKrmK ZvB KiDaggereb hv KiDaggerj
daggerivMxi wPwKrmv fvDaggerjvfvDaggere mcurrenuacutebœ nDaggere Ges daggerivMx I Zvi AwffveK mšlsquowoacute jvf KiDaggere| Avi
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM wbw copyoacute rsquovb fvDaggerjvfvDaggere Aek KDaggeri wbDaggerj Ges wPwKrmDaggerKi dagger`qv DcDagger`k `vuZ
daggerZvjvi w`b I cieZcopyx KDaggerqKw`b mwVKfvDaggere daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj `vuZ daggerZvjvi ci daggerivMxi daggerZgb daggerKvb
Amyweav nq bv ejDaggerjB PDaggerj|
52
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM
`vuZ daggerZvjvi cDaggeri
53
ADaggerbDaggerKB AvDaggerQb hviv ivDaggerZ NygvDaggerbvi AvDaggerM Ges mKvDaggerj bvmacrmdashv Lvevi ci `vuZ eordfvk
KDaggerib `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Kvj wejcurren^ bv KDaggeri `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggerib
`vuDaggerZi mymacrrsquoZvi Rbuml hv hv `iKvi Zviv Zv-B KDaggerib| GmeB nDaggerjv fvDaggerjv Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi
Rbuml LyeB DcKvix|
wKšlsquo Ggb wKQy Afumlvm AvDaggerQ hv gyL I `vuDaggerZi macr^vDaggermacrrsquoumli Rbuml LyeB parawZKi| Gme
e`AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi bvbv aiDaggerYi mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q| GB AfumlvmcedilDaggerjvi gDaggerauml Avfrac12yj
daggerPvlv wRnŸampv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv ev daggerVjv dagger`Iqv daggerKvb mgmumlv bv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI gyL w`Daggerq wbkbrvbarvm
daggerbqv daggerVvuU I bL KvgovDaggerbv AbumlZg|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK| evev gv hw` GUv daggerLqvj KDaggerib ZDaggere wkiumlDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere daggerh Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv Lvivc| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz nDaggerq hvq ADaggerbK mgq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bvI coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Open bite) bxDaggerPi
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daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZcedilDaggerjv msKzwPZ nDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK hZUzKz daggerXDaggerK ivLv
DwPZ Zv KDaggerg daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerbvi ci I hw` Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm bv KDaggerg ZDaggere wkiumli 2-3 eQi eqm
chcopyšmdash ADaggercparav KiDaggerZ nDaggere| ADaggerbK mgq 3 eQi eqDaggermi ci wkiumli GB Afumlvm PDaggerj hvq|
ZviciI hw` wkiuml G Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere GKRb AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12
civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| wPwKrmK `iKvi gDaggerb nDaggerj daggerKvb Appliance ev hšiquest w`Daggereb hv
wkiumlDaggerK GB Afumlvm `~i KiDaggerZ mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wkiumli hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK ZDaggere DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DPuy nDaggerq hvq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bv coDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerivMx gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri
wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq Avcbvi daggermvbvgwbi hw` Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml
parawZKi ZDaggere cOuml_DaggergB ZvDaggerK eySvb| ZvDaggerZ KvR bv nDaggerj Aemacrrsquov hvDaggerZ AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv
hvq daggermRbuml AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy Kisbquob|
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OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
56
CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
57
KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
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GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
60
ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
61
daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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62
cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
13
`vuDaggerZi MVDaggerbi Ges KvDaggerRi DbœwZi Rbuml
ADagger_copyvWbwUKm wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg `vuDaggerZi KgcopyparagZv ebdquowtimes cvq| KviY GB wPwKrmvi
gvaumlDaggerg macr^vfvweK Kvgo (Balanced Occlusion with normal over jet amp overbite)
cOumlmacrlsquoZ Kiv nq|
AvuKv evuKv `vuZ wVK Kiv Ges `vuDaggerZi MVDaggerbi macrrsquovwqZiexcl evovDaggerbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg gvbyDaggerli AwZwisup3 `vuZ ev GKB RvqMvq daggerewk `vuZ ev
daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Zvi dDaggerj `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb IjUcvjU G meB wVK Kiv mcurrencente| `vuDaggerZi GB myrsaquo`i
Aemacrrsquovb wVK KiDaggerj cieZcopyxKvDaggerj `vuDaggerZ KumlvwiDaggerRi (daggercvKv LvIqv) gvwoi cOuml`vn BZumlvw` mgmumlv
nq bv|
Abuml `šmdash wPwKrmvi mvnvhumlKvix wnDaggermDaggere
KhellipwIcircg `vuZ emvDaggerbvi Rbuml mwVKfvDaggere RvqMv bullZwi KiDaggerZ|
paray`ordf cwimDaggeri Aiacute wKQy msLumlK DcKvixZv DaggerRDaggerb wbDaggerjb daggerZv
14
Avcbvi myrsaquo`i mvRvDaggerbv Ni hvi me wKQzB cwicvwU| wbfcopyvebvq Avcbvi emevm| hw`
Gi me wKQzB ADaggerMvQvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZvnDaggerj wK fDaggerjv jvMDaggere jvMDaggere bv| wVK daggerZgwbB AvgvDagger`i
DcDaggerii Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUDaggerZ daggergvU 32 wU macrrsquovqx `uvZ _vDaggerK GB 32 wU macrrsquovqx `uvZ Gi macr^vfvweK
Aemacrrsquovb G _vKDaggerj Avcbvi `uvZ dagger`LvDaggere myrsaquo`i mvRvDaggerbv NDaggerii gDaggerZv| hLb `uvZ Zvi mwVK
AemacrrsquovDaggerb _vDaggerK bv ZLb GUv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri GeDaggerov dagger_eDaggerov GDaggerjvDaggergDaggerjv DPz-bxPz AemacrrsquovDaggerb| ZLb
Avcbvi `uvZ Avi mvRvDaggerbv myrsaquo`i AemacrrsquovDaggerb daggerbB daggerbB eDaggerjB dagger`LDaggerZ GiKg| hw` KvDaggeriv `uvZ
Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb daggerbB hv dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMDaggerQ ZvnDaggerj GKRb AfxAacute ADagger_vcopyWbwUdivide nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri Avcbvi cig eUumlz| Dwb cDaggerib mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg Avcbvi `uvZDaggerK myrsaquo`i KiDaggerZ|
ZvnDaggerj AvgvDagger`i mKDaggerji Rvbvi cOumlDaggerqvRb AvmDaggerj `uvDaggerZi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb daggerKvbwU Ges
daggerKv_vq| hvi dDaggerj Avgiv wbDaggerRivB eyDaggerS wbDaggerZ cviDaggerev AvgvDagger`i `uvZ Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerQ
wK bvB|
15
`uvDaggerZi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb wbfcopyi KDaggeri `vuDaggerZi AKnotzmb ev DcDaggerii cvwUi `uvZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi
`uvDaggerZi Kvgo Gi Dci| cOumlKhellipZ ADagger_copy `uvDaggerZi AKnotzmb gvDaggerb nDagger‛Q DcDaggerii cvwUi `uvDaggerZi mvDagger_
bxDaggerPi cvwUi `uvDaggerZi mcurrenuacuteKcopy hLb cvwUOslashq Kvgo dagger`qv ZvDagger`i c~bvcopysM msDaggerhvDaggerM (Cuspal
Occlusion) G iDaggerqDaggerQ|
hLb uvZ Ges `uvDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ Kvgo Zvi meDaggerPDaggerq mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb iDaggerqDaggerQ GgbwK mcurrenuacute~bcopy
KgcopyKZvcopy cwicyYcopy KDaggeri Ges `bdquowoacutebrsaquo`b ZvDaggerK `uvDaggerZi macr^vfvweK Kvgo ev bigvj AKnotzmb eDaggerj|
Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc 1-2wU `uvDaggerZ Aiacute Amacr^vfvweKZv _vKDaggerj I _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
`uvDaggerZi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb`uvDaggerZi macr^vfvweK Kvgo Gi kZcopycedilDaggerjv wbgœiƒc-
1| bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZ cedilDaggerjv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZ MyDaggerjvi Zzjbvq msLumlvMZ w`K w`Daggerq
GKUz mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere| Zvi Kvib nDaggerjv bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZcedilDaggerjv DcDaggerii
daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `uvDaggerZi daggerPDaggerq AvuKvDaggeri daggerQvU|
2| DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZ cedilDaggerjv GKwU wbw`copyoacute `yiZiexcl I KvgDaggeroi gvaumlDaggerg mvgDaggerb Ges wcQDaggerb
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK daggerXDaggerK ivLDaggere|
3| DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclb `uvZ (1st) Gi mvgDaggerb Ges evwnDaggerii w`DaggerK DPuy Ask wU
(Mesio Buccal Cusp) wbDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclb `uvDaggerZi mvgDaggerb Ges evwnDaggerii
gvSvgvwS daggerh uvDaggerZ bumlvq RvqMvq (Buccal Groove) Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
4| DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerQ`b `uvZ wbDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerQ`b Ges AMOumlDaggerclb (1st Premolar)
Gi gaumleZxcopy dvuKv macrrsquovDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
5| wbDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji KZcopyb `uvDaggerZi wKbviv (Incisal Edge) DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji KZcopyb `uvDaggerZi
cbdquoocircDagger`k (Zvjyi w`DaggerK) Gi gaumleZxcopy macrrsquovDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere| hv nDaggerZ nDaggere mwVK `yiZiexcl Ges
mwVK Kvgo mcurrenuacutebœ|
ZvnDaggerj dagger`ix daggerKb Gparazbx 1 wgwbU Avqbvi mvgDaggerb `vwoDaggerq dagger`DaggerL daggerbB AvgvDagger`i `uvZ Ges
`uvDaggerZi Kvgo Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb iDaggerqDaggerQ wK bv
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16
GKwesk kZvatildexDaggerZ wPwKrmv weAacutevb DbœwZi Pig wkLDaggeri Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerQ| GB DbœwZi
daggerRvqvDaggerii mvDagger_ Zvj wgwjDaggerq `šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi AbumlZg cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy kvLv ADagger_vcopyWbwmqv I
GLb AvDaggeriv DbœZ| bvbvwea RwUj mgmumlvi mgvavb nDagger‛Q ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg|
Avmyb Avgiv cwiwPZ nB KZcedilDaggerjv cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy mgmumlvi mDaggerfrac12 hvi mgvavb Lye mnDaggerRB wPwKrmvi
gvaumlDaggerg Kiv hvq|
1 microvDwWs Crowding
GB aiDaggerYi mgmumlvq dagger`Lv hvq daggerPvqvDaggerj `vuZcedilDaggerjv AvuKv evuKv nDaggerq Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerQ ev
daggerPvqvDaggerj chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKvi KviDaggerY GK `vuZ Abuml `vuDaggerZi Dci DDaggerV daggerMDaggerQ|
microvDwWs Crowding
2 daggermacruacutewms (Spacing)
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS
dvuKv RvqMv _vKv|
17
3 wWmDaggercshymDaggergrsaquoU (Displacement)
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq GKwU `vuDaggerZi daggerh RvqMvq Aemacrrsquovb Kivi K_v daggermLvb dagger_DaggerK mDaggeri Abuml
RvqMvq PDaggerj hvq|
wWmDaggercshymDaggergrsaquoU
(Displacement)
4 GKDaggerUvwcK Bivcmb (Ectopic Eruption)
`vuZ Zvi wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV Abuml daggerKvb `vuDaggerZi RvqMvq ev Abuml daggerKvb
Amacr^vfvweK AemacrrsquovDaggerb DDaggerV|
GKDaggerUvwcK Bivcmb
(Ectopic Eruption)
5 Cross Bite ev DDaggereumlv Kvgo Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii daggerPqvDaggerji
mvgDaggerbi `vuZ cedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `uvZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL Ges DcDaggerii
daggerPvqvDaggerji wcQDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ mvgvbuml evBDaggerii
18
w`DaggerK _vDaggerK| GDaggerK Normal Bite ev macr^vfvweK Kvgo eDaggerj| GB Aemacrrsquovi DDaggereumlvwU hLb
NDaggerU ZLb ZvDaggerK Cross Bite ev DDaggereumlv Kvgo eDaggerj|
Cross Bite
ev DDaggereumlv Kvgo
6 (IDaggercb evBU) Open bite
Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerii cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi daggerPqvDaggerji
cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi GKwU macruacutekcopy _vDaggerK| daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` Kvgo dagger`qv Ae rsquovq DcDaggerii cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi msmacruacutekcopy bv _vDaggerK Ges Gi dDaggerj `yB cvwU `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS
dvuKv _vDaggerK ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Open bite eDaggerj|
IDaggercb evBU
(Open bite)
7 wWc evBU (Deep bite)
Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi
GK ZhellipZxqvsk daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL| wKšlsquo daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi cyDaggerivUv daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL ZLb ZvDaggerK Deep bite ev daggerewk Kvgo eDaggerj|
19
(wWc evBU) Deep bite
8 Knotvm 2 gumlvjAKnotzmb
(Class II malocclusion Division 1) GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ macr^vfvweDaggerKi daggerPDaggerq ADaggerbK mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| DcDaggerii cvwUcopyi mvgDaggerbi
`vZcedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK DuPz nq|
Knotvm 2 wWwfkb 1 gumlvjAvKnotzmb
11 Knotvm 3 gumlvjAKnotzmb (Class III Malocclusion)
20
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi cvwcopyUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL
ev DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi Inscisal Edge GDaggerK AcDaggerii DcDaggeri Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| hvDaggerK
Edge To Edge Bite eDaggerj|
Knotvm 3 gumlvjAKnotzmb
12 Zvjy KvUv I daggerVvuU KvUv t
GwU GKwU RbyenMZ mgmumlv ADaggerbDaggerK iumlay daggerVvU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv Avevi ADaggerbDaggerK Dfq
mgmumlv wbDaggerqB RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| AwfAacute wPwKrmKebdquoDaggerrsaquo`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutevi gvaumlDaggerg mwVK
mgDaggerq mwVK wPwKrmv w`Daggerq daggerVvuU I Zvjy KvUv fvDaggerjv Kiv AvRKvj daggerKvb mgmumlvB bq|
21
Zvjy KvUv
daggerVvuU KvUv
DcDaggerii AvDaggerjvPbvq Avwg wKQy mgmumlv Lye mnR fvlvq AvcbvDagger`i eySvDaggerZ daggerPoacutev KDaggeriwQ|
GmKj mgmumlvi mswparaszlig weeiY wfZDaggerii cOumlwZwU AaumlvDaggerq dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev KiwQ|
22
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PROF IIDA JUN ICHI RO DR SAGOR amp
PROF TT YAMAMOTO AT KOREA
23
At IADR Seminar USA
Avcwb nqDaggerZvev Avcbvi wbDaggerRi A_ev daggerKvb wcOumlqRDaggerbi AvuKv evuKv `vuZ wbDaggerq LyeB
`ywethšmdashvMOumlmacr mdash| mywPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg Orthodontist AvcbvDaggerK GB `ywethšmdashv dagger_DaggerK gysup3 KiDaggerZ
cvDaggerib| wKšlsquo Avcwb wK RvDaggerbb daggerKb `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPz bxPz nq Avmyb bxDaggerPi AvDaggerjvPbvi
gvaumlDaggerg Avgiv cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy GB cOumlkœwUi DEumli LyuDaggerR daggerbB|
wewfbœ wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv wewfbœfvDaggere `vuZ AvuKv-evuKv nevi KviY mg~nDaggerK daggerkordfYxetimes
KDaggeriDaggerQb| AvcbvDagger`i Rvbvi myweavDagger_copy Lye mnR fvlvq `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi KviY mg~n wbDaggerP
dagger`qv njt
1| RbyenMZ KviY t K) wkiuml hw` daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| L) wkiumli
RDaggerbyeni mgq gv_vq AvNvZ daggercDaggerj| M) wewfbœ JlDaggerai cvkbrvbarcopy cOumlwZmicroqvi Rbuml|
2| eskMZ KviDaggerYt daggerPvqvj Lye daggerewk eo ev daggerQvU nDaggerj| daggerPvqvDaggerj me `vuZ aDaggeri
ivLvi gZ chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKDaggerj|
3| niDaggergvDaggerbi wewfbœ mgmumlv daggerhgbt Cretinism acromegali _vKDaggerj|
4| daggerPvqvj ev `vuDaggerZi bxDaggerP daggerKvb wUDgvi _vKDaggerj ev AvNvZ daggercDaggerj|
5| fyj ctimeswZDaggerZ Lvevi wMjDaggerj (Improper Swallowing)|
6| gyDaggerL daggerKvb `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKDaggerj|
7| `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AvKhellipwZ Amacr^vfvweK nDaggerj|
8| gyDaggerL AwZwisup3 daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj|
9| DaggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi gDaggerauml jydegvwqZ _vKDaggerj|
10| wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya `vuZ daggerdDaggerj w`Daggerj|
11| `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi ciI ADaggerbKw`b aDaggeri gyDaggerL Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerj|
12| macrrsquovqx daggerKvb `vuZ bv _vKDaggerj|
13| macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVDaggerZ dagger`ix KiDaggerj|
14| AvNvZ daggercDaggerj|
15| DaggerKvb `vuZ mnRfvDaggere DVDaggerZ euml_copy nDaggerj|
16| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv dagger`qv cOumlfbdquowZ AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi
cOumlavb KviYmg~nDaggerZv RvbDaggerjb| Avmyb bv Rvbv AacutevbUvDaggerK KvDaggerR jvMvB| DcDaggerivsup3
24
KviYmg~n hw` KvDaggeriv gvDaggerS dagger`LDaggerZ cvB ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY
KiDaggerZ ewj|
hLb KvDaggeriv gv_vq PzDaggerji cwigvb macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ Kg _vDaggerK ZLb ZvDaggerK KZB bv
`ywethšmdashv MOumlmacr mdash dagger`Lvq| gv_vi Pzjwenxb dvuKv macrrsquovb wKfvDaggere `~i Kiv hvq Zv wbDaggerq daggerhb wPšmdashvi daggerkl
_vDaggerK bv| wVK daggerZgwbfvDaggere wKQy gvbyDaggerli `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMv dagger`Lv hvq| ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcirc
Zviv Abuml gvbyDaggerli mvgDaggerb K_v ejDaggerZ GgbwK cOumlvb LyDaggerj nvmDaggerZI Amacr^wmacrmdash daggereva KDaggeri| hviv dvuKv
`vuDaggerZi mgmumlv fyMDaggerQb ZvDagger`i `ywethšmdashvi w`b daggerkl| ADagger_copyvWbwUKm wPwKrmvi KjumlvDaggerb dvuKv
`vuDaggerZi wPwKrmv GLb Avi daggerKvb mgmumlvB bq|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy
wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
25
mvaviY ADagger_copy Spacing ejDaggerZ Avgiv dvuKv macrrsquovb eywS| wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi fvlvq hLb
g yDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb daggerKvb `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMv _vDaggerK ZLb ZvDaggerK Spacing eDaggerj|
cOumlKviDaggerf` t Spacing `yB aiDaggerYi nDaggerq _vDaggerK|
1) Generalized Spacing daggerPvqvDaggerji me ev AwaKvsk `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv
_vKDaggerj|
2) Localized Spacing `yB ev ZDaggerZvwaK `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerj|
DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `ywU `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerj ZvDaggerK Median
Diastema eDaggerj|
Spacing ev dvuKvi KviY t
1 daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq `vuDaggerZi AvKvi hw` daggerQvU nq
2 RbyenMZfvDaggere daggerKvb `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKDaggerj|
3 Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj|
4 DaggerKvb `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AwZ paraz`ordf nDaggerj|
5 `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerj|
6 wmdivide wUDgvi _vKDaggerj|
7 wRnŸv eo _vKDaggerj| (macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ)
8 `vuZ wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK NyDaggeri daggerMDaggerj
9 GQvov daggerVuvU ev MvDaggerji KviDaggerY A_ev AwZwisup3 daggerKvb `vuZ gyDaggerL _vKDaggerj Zv cvDaggerki
`vuZDaggerK Pressure w`Daggerq mwiDaggerq Spacing KDaggeri|
Spacing wKfvDaggere wbYcopyq Kiv nq t
K) DaggerivMxi gyL MnŸi chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri
L) DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZiƒc ev Model dagger`DaggerL
M) x-ray dagger`DaggerL|
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Spacing Gi Amyweav mg~nt
duvKv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI daggerivMxi Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv K_v ejvi
mgq daggerKvb daggerKvb katilde macruacuteoacutefvDaggere D‛PviDaggerY mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt
Spacing Gi wPwKrmv Kivi c~Daggerecopy daggerivMxi BwZnvm fvDaggerjvfvDaggere RvbDaggerZ nDaggere Ges
Spacing Gi mcurrencentveuml KviY mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggerZ nDaggere| hw` daggerivMxi Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK
hvi Rbuml `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMvi mbdquowoacute nDagger‛Q ZDaggere daggermB Afumlvm ev` dagger`qvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| ZviciI hw` daggerivMx Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere Habit breaking
appliance eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere| daggerKvb
TumourCyst _vKDaggerj Zv AcmviY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Spacing hw` Lye mvgvbuml cwigvDaggerY nq
Ges daggerivMxi hw` daggerKvb AwfDaggerhvM bv _vDaggerK ZDaggere wPwKrmv bv KivDaggerj I PDaggerj| ZDaggere Spacing
ADaggerbK daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontics wPwKrmv jvMDaggere| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri
wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wK aiDaggerYi wPwKrmv w`Daggereb| Spacing wVK Kivi Rbuml yB aiDaggerYi hšiquest ev
appliance use Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Removable Appliance)
Orthodontist `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ Fixed KDaggeri Appliance wU jvwMDaggerq w`Daggereb
(Fixed appliance) hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggerebv|
hw` `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mvgvbuml dvuKv _vDaggerK ZDaggere `vuDaggerZi iDaggerOi mvDagger_ wgwjDaggerq Filling Kiv
daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
GQvov gyDaggerLi Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS KhellipwIcircg `vuZ ewmDaggerq I Spacing Correction Kiv hvq| DaggerZv
Avcbvi hw` _vDaggerK dvuKv `vuDaggerZi mgmumlv ZDaggere PDaggerj Avmyb AwfAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ| wPwKrmv
KwiDaggerq `vuDaggerZi dvuKv wVK Kisbquob cOumlvY LyDaggerj nvmyb Avi nDaggerq DVyb AvKlcopyYxq|
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mvaviYfvDaggere Crowding ejDaggerZ daggerKvb wKQyi AvwaKumlDaggerK daggerevSvq| wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi
fvlvq gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKvi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi macr^vfvweK webumlvm evavMOumlmacrrsquo nDaggerq daggerh
wekbdquoldquoLjZv mbdquowoacute nq ZvDaggerK Crowding eDaggerj|
KviYmg~nt wewfbœ KviDaggerY gyDaggerL Crowding nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Zvi gDaggerauml DDaggerjshyLDaggerhvMuml
KviYmg~n bxDaggerP Dagger`qv njt
1 gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AvKhellipwZi mvgAumlmuml bv _vKDaggerj|
2 `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj|
3 `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi ADaggerbK AvDaggerM cDaggero daggerMDaggerj
4 macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVDaggerZ dagger`ix nDaggerj
5 AvNvZ daggercDaggerj
6 DaggerKvb `vuZ evowZ _vKDaggerj
7 Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj
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8 daggerPvqvj macr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes bv daggercDaggerj
Crowding wbYcopyqt
1 daggerivMxi gyLMnŸi chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri|
2 DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Model ev cOumlwZiƒc dagger`DaggerL
3 GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL|
Crowding Gi djvdj t
`vuDaggerZi Dci cOumlfvet Gi dDaggerj `vuZ Zvi wbDaggerRi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK NyDaggeri daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri
`vuZ daggernDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri GgbwK daggerKvb daggerKvb `vuZ bvI DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Dci cOumlfve t
1 DaggerivMx mvgvwRKfvDaggere wewfbœ mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
2 DaggermŠrsaquo`hcopynvwb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
3 `vuZ wVKgZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ bv cvivi KviDaggerY `vuZ I gvwoi wewfbœ daggerivDaggerM Avmicrovšmdash
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
4 nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmv t
1 cOumlwZDaggerivag~jK eumlemacrrsquovt
hw` daggerivMxi cwievDaggeri KvDaggeriv `vuDaggerZ Crowding _vDaggerK ZDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist-Gi chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ covi mwVK mgq bv Avmv chcopyšmdash `ya `vuZDaggerK msiparaY Kivi daggerPoacutev KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggerKvb paraqDaggerivM dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerZ daggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml
boacute bv nq|
Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj ZumlvM KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ mwVK mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj Zv wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq daggerdDaggerj dagger`qvi eumlemacrrsquov KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
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gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere avivevwnKfvDaggere wbw`copyoacute wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerK
wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi fvlvq Serial extraction ejv nq|
2 msDaggerkvab g~jK eumlemacrrsquov t
K) DaggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml evovDaggerbv
DaggerPvqvjDaggerK cOumlmvwiZ Kiv
mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK wKQyUv DuPz Kiv
Daggergvjvi `vuZDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerUDaggerb Daggerbqv
vuDaggerZi AvKvi daggerQvU KDaggeri daggerdjv
`vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjv t
Crowding Gi cwigvY Lye daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontist wVK KiDaggereb daggerKvb `vuZwU
daggerdjDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
Crowding Lye daggerewk nDaggerj ev gvSvwi aiDaggerYi nDaggerj Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggerq
Removable ev Fixed daggerh daggerKvb GK aiDaggerYi appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggereb|
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Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi
msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy AvDaggerm| wKšlsquo daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` DcDaggerii cvwUcopyi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy bv
AvDaggerm Ges Gi dDaggerj DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi cvwUcopyi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mecopy`v dvuKv macrrsquovb _vDaggerK Ges gyL
mcurrenuacute~YcopyiƒDaggerc eUuml bv nq ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Open Bite eDaggerj|
mvaviYfvDaggere Open Bite ejDaggerZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi
Kvgo bv jvMvDaggerK daggerevSvq|
Open bite mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ ev wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Open Bite Gi KviY
mg~nt Avfrac12yj weDaggerkl KDaggeri ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Open bite nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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wRnŸv macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ eo _vKDaggerj ev hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjvavdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm
_vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS _vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi
DcDaggerii AsDaggerk (occlusal surface) -G _vDaggerK ZDaggere Open Bite nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
G Qvov daggerivMx hw` Bony Dysplasia Congenital wmwdwjm BZumlvw` daggerivDaggerM fyDaggerM
_vDaggerK ZDaggereI Open bite Gi mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt Open bite Gi wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml mecopycOuml_g daggerivMxDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOuml_Daggerg Open bite nevi KviY
mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggereb| hw` daggerivMxi Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK
ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm `~i Kivi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb
KDaggerib ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm ~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance)
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib daggerivMxDaggerK|
Open bite hw` gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj hvq ZDaggere Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontic
appliance eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri hv Fixed ev Removable daggerh daggerKvb iKgB
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
hw` daggerPvqvDaggerji nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Open bite dagger`Lv hvq Ges daggerivMxi eqm hw` 6-12 eQi
nq ZDaggere Chin cap (Chin cap bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi ev bxDaggerPi w`DaggerKi ebdquowtimes
nIqvDaggerK cOumlwZDaggeriva KDaggeri) Gi mvDagger_ High pull head gear eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nevi ci Ges macrrsquovqx `vuZ me DVvi ci daggerPvqvDaggerji Amacr^vfvweK
ebdquowtimesRwbZ KviDaggerY daggerh Open bite nq Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Surgery Kiv DaggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq KvDaggeriv Open bite Gi mgmumlv _vKDaggerj AvovDaggerj Zvi mgvDaggerjvPbv bv
KDaggeri AvgvDagger`i mKDaggerji DwPZ ZvDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ
ejv| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cieZcopyx KiYxq mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy ejDaggerZ cviDaggereb| Zvui
civgkcopy Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY KiDaggerj Open bite wbivgq Kiv mcurrencente|
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`šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv Class II Malocclusion DaggerK `yB fvDaggerM fvM KDaggeriDaggerQb|
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion
2 Class II division 2 malocclusion
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion t
hw` KvDaggeriv daggerclY `vuDaggerZi mcurrenuacuteKcopy (Molar relation) Class II _vDaggerK Ges DcDaggerii
DaggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZ cedilDaggerjv DPz _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv Class II Division 1 Gi Ašmdashfycopysup3|
Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK
(Convex profile) DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ daggerewk daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL
DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK daggerewk mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| `vuZ DuPz nevi KviDaggerY
daggerivMx ADaggerbK mgq `yB daggerVuvU eUuml KiDaggerZ cvDaggeribv|
33
2 Class II division 2 Malocclusion
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc Molar Relation Class II _vKDaggere A_copyvr DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev
Molar `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev Molar `vuDaggerZi dagger_DaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ mvgDaggerb
Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv wKQyUv wfZDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb
KiDaggere| mvaviYZ DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj GKB iKg AemacrrsquovDaggerb _vKDaggere (Straight Profile)
DcDaggerii `vuZcedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK cyDaggerivUv daggerXDaggerK ivLDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`ix bv KDaggeri GKRb Orthodontist daggerK Rvbvb|
Orthodontist wewfbœ chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri wPwKrmv ctimeswZ wVK KiDaggereb|
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Avcbvi AvDaggerk cvDaggerki gvbylcedilDaggerjvDaggerK GKUz fvDaggerjvfvDaggere jpara KiDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggereb daggerewki
fvM gvbyDaggerliB DcDaggeri daggerPvqvj Ges DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji
`vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ mvgvbuml GKUz mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK| Ges GUvB nDaggerjv macr^vfvweK| wKšlsquo wKQy gvbyDaggerli
daggerparaDaggerIcirc Gi DDaggereumlvUv dagger`Lv dagger`q| A_copyvr ZvDagger`i bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK _vDaggerK DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj ev DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ| GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi
fvlvq eDaggerj Class III malocclusion|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
`yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| 1Uv nDaggerjv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY| GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii
cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
35
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi
MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb dagger`DaggerL GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wKfvDaggere wPwKrmv KiDaggerj
daggerivMx mDaggerecopyvEumlg djvdj cvq|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion nq ZDaggere Orthodontic
Treatment A_copyvr iumlaygvIcirc Brace cwoDaggerqB wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere evošmdash ev cwiYZ daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB| ZDaggere Lye daggerewk eqDaggerm wPwKrmv KivDaggerj wPwKrmvi mgq daggereDaggero hvDaggere|
hw` evošmdash eqDaggerm nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion dagger`Lv dagger`q ZDaggere
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvjDaggerK mvgDaggerb Avbvi Rbuml ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvjDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerbqvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK wewfbœ
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aiDaggerYi hšiquest dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri eumlenvDaggerii Rbuml| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Face Mask Chin Cap DDaggerjshyL
daggerhvMuml|
hw` cwiYZ eqDaggerm gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerqi Class III malocclusion hv nvDaggerii MVDaggerbi
KviDaggerY nDaggerqDaggerQ Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ ZDaggere kjuml wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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evBgumlvmiddot
evBgvmiddot `y aiDaggerbi nq| evBgumlvwmiddotjvix cOumlUzordfmb Ges evBgumlvwmiddot jvix cOumlwKnotDaggerbmb| wK KwVb
katilde| Avmyb Lye mnDaggerR daggerRDaggerb daggerbB `uvZ I gvwoi Avi GK mgmumlv hvi bvg evBgvmiddot|
evBgumlvmiddot mgmumlvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj wKsev `uvZ wKsev DfqB mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK DPzu _vDaggerK| dDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv daggerVvU DPzu nDaggerq _vKv GgbwK gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ
cviv mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
mvavibZ `uvZ hw` Zzjbvg~jK fvDaggere eo GgbwK daggerPvqvj jcurren^v wKsev daggerXvK wMjvi mgq
wRnev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK Amacr^vfvweK fvDaggere `uvZDaggerK mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK daggerVjv w`Daggerj GB aiDaggerbi mgmumlv nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| NveovDaggerbvi wKQzB daggerbB GB mgmumlvi mgvavb Lye myrsaquo`i KDaggeri GK AwfAacute ADagger_copyDaggerWbwUdivide
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib| gDaggerb ivLDaggerZ nDaggere cOumlv_wgK Aemacrrsquovq GB mgmumlvi mgvavb KiDaggerj ZZUv RwUjZv nq
bv| eDaggerqvmwUuml KvDaggerji c~Daggere eDaggerqvmmwUuml KvDaggerji mgq Ges cDaggeri wPwKrmv eumlemacrrsquov cbdquo_K cbdquo_K nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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myrsaquo`Daggerii c~Rvix mKDaggerjB ZvB GB mgmumlv mgvavb KDaggeri
Avcwb nDaggerq DVyb myrsaquo`i `uvZ I nvwmi AwaKvix
39
daggerMR `vuZ(High Canine) DPz KZcopyb `vuZ t
AvgvDagger`i gyDaggerL eqm 5 eQi chcopyšmdash daggerh 20 wU `vuZ _vDaggerK Zvi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ
_vDaggerK| eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ 20wU `ya `vuZ hLb cDaggero wMDaggerq macrrsquovqx `vuZ DDaggerV ZLbI daggergvU
32wU `vuDaggerZi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ _vDaggerK| G KZcopyb `uvZcedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi 4wU daggerKvbvq AewmacrrsquoZ| ZvB
GDagger`iDaggerK Corner Stone of mouth eDaggerj| bvg iumlbDaggerjB daggerevSv hvq G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Lv`uml`ordfeumlDaggerK
KZcopyb KiDaggerZ Ges wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri| G `vuZ cedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK kwsup3kvjx| KviY G `vuDaggerZi
GbvDaggergDaggerji cyisbquoZiexcl Daggerewk Ges mvgDaggerbi 4wU `vuDaggerZi (Pecopyb `vuZ-Incisor tooth) ciciB
AewmacrrsquoZ| daggerKvb daggerKvb mgq wewfbœ KviY ekZt G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Zvi wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK wfbœ
AemacrrsquovDaggerb dagger`Lv hvq| hw` G `vuZcedilDaggerjv gvwoi gDaggerauml ev DcDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri ZLb ZvDaggerK
High Canine ev daggerMR `vuZ ejv nq| Avevi KLDaggerbv GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv Zvjyi w`K w`Daggerq DDaggerV|
ZLb GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK Palataly placed canine eDaggerj| Avevi KLDaggerbv I gvwo ev Zvjyi wfZDaggeri
G `vuZ Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| ZLb ZvDaggerK Impacted Canine ejv nq| GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi gDaggerauml
AZxe Risbquoix PviwU `vuZ| GB `vuZ daggerhgb Lv`uml`ordfeuml KZcopyb I wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri cvkvcvwk
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daggerPvqvDaggerji bovPovDaggerK wbqšiquestY KDaggeri| GB `vuZDaggerK Beauty tooth I ejv nq| ZvB G `vuDaggerZi
mvwietimesfvDaggere webumlvm LyeB Risbquoix|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ daggerh KDaggerqKwU mgmumlv ZzDaggerj aiv nDaggerjv G mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi mgvavb LyeB Risbquoix|
hw` daggerKD GiKg daggerKvb mgmumlvq fyDaggerM _vDaggerKb ZDaggere AwfAacute Orthodontist -B nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
Avcbvi myrsaquo`i nvwm wdwiDaggerq dagger`qvi cig eUumlz|
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daggerVvuU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerki wkiumlDagger`i GKwU AbumlZg
mgmumlv| wewfbœ MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv wMDaggerqDaggerQ cOumlwZ 700 RDaggerb 1 Rb daggerVvuU KvUv Ges cOumlwZ 1000 RDaggerb
1 Rb wkiuml Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| daggerVvuU KvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggerQDaggerj wkiumlDagger`i Ges
ZvjyKvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggergDaggerq-wkiumlDagger`i gvDaggerS|
wewfbœ KviDaggerY wkiuml daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri _vDaggerK| kZKiv 25 fvM daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GUv eskMZ KviDaggerY nDaggerq _vDaggerK| hw` 1 Rb ZvjyKvUv daggerivMx 1 Rb mymacrrsquo gvbylDaggerK weDaggerq KDaggeri ZDaggere
ZvDagger`i ev‛Pvi ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kivi mcurrencentvebv kZKiv 2 fvM|
Mfcopyvemacrrsquovi cOuml_g fvDaggerM gv hw` daggerKvb fvBivj BbDaggerdKkDaggerb Avmicrovšmdash nq ev kvixwiKfvDaggere
AvNvZcOumlvszlig nq ev niDaggergvDaggerbi fvimvgumlnxbZvq fyDaggerM ev wfUvwgDaggerbi AfvDaggere fyDaggerM _vDaggerK ev
daggeriwWDaggerqkDaggerb GmiddotDaggercvR nq ev _umlvwjDaggerWvgvBW RvZxq Ilya MOumlnY KDaggeri ZDaggere wkiumli daggerVvuU ev
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| KvDaggerQi AvZyenxq macr^RDaggerbi gvDaggerS weDaggerq nDaggerjI wkiuml G mgmumlv
wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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DaggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq wkiuml RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerj cwieviDaggerK bvbv aiDaggerYi mvgvwRK I gvbwmK
mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ nq| wkiuml hLb GB mgmumlv wbDaggerq eo nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZLb daggermI gvbwmKfvDaggere
nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ _vDaggerK| G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ K_v
ejDaggerZ I iumlbDaggerZ mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| `vuDaggerZi mgmumlvi gDaggerauml hv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Zvi gDaggerauml AbumlZg
nDagger‛Q-wewfbœ `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKv `vuZ wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV gyDaggerLi Abuml daggerKvb RvqMvq
DVv evowZ wKQy `vuZ _vKv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb ksup3 bv nIqv `vuDaggerZi MVb myrsaquo`i bv nIqv
gvwoi wewfbœ mgmumlv `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPy-bxPz nIqv|
daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv daggerivMxDagger`i wPwKrmv weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmKDagger`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutev Qvov mcurrencente
bq| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Orthodontist Gi f~wgKv iumlisbquo nq ev‛Pvi RDaggerbyeni ci ciB| daggerhDaggernZz daggerVvuU I
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv nq daggermRbuml wkiumli RDaggerbyeni ci ciB
gyDaggerLi wfZi covi Rbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b daggerhb wkiumli daggerLDaggerZ
daggerKvb mgmumlv bv nq|
kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wkiumli 3-6 gvm eqDaggerm daggerVvuU I 1-2 eQi eqDaggerm Zvjy wVK KiDaggerZ
nDaggere GKRb AwfAacute kjuml wPwKrmK Oslashviv| kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg daggerVvuU I Zvjy wVK Kivi ci
wkiumli DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj hvDaggerZ msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GK aiDaggerYi
Appliance ev hšiquest bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b|
wkiumli Mixed dentition stage (6-12 eQi eqm) -G gyDaggerL daggerKvb AwZwisup3 `vuZ
_vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GQvov mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Cross bite _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuZ
AvuKv evKv _vKDaggerj ev Molar ev daggerclY `vDaggerZi Relation wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere Removable ev Fixed appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo
KiDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
me macrrsquovqx `vuZ PDaggerj Avmvi ci macrrsquovqxfvDaggere daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Kvgo (Occlusion
improve) wVK Kivi Rbuml Fixed ev Removable appliance w`Daggerq Orthodontist
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb Ges daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggereb|
GB mgDaggerq gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyDaggerK wVK Kivi Rbuml cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj Bony Graft Kiv daggerhDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| Gi dDaggerj Orthodontic treatment Gi daggerh djvdj ZvI Aparazbœ _vKDaggere|
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daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLvi ci Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere daggerivMxDaggerK
Permanent Retainer bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv daggerivMxDaggerK me mgq cDaggero _vKDaggerZ nDaggere|
Amacrlsaquovi weRqx DaggerRvqvDaggerKb wdwbmiddot RDaggerbyeni mgq daggerVvuU KvuUv wQj
daggerVvuU KuvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv daggerKvb Awfkvc bq| mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg
GDaggerK mvwiDaggerq daggerZvjv mcurrencente| `iKvi iumlay mevi mDaggerPZbZv Avi mwVK mgDaggerq weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri daggerm Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY Kiv|
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ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerKvb eqDaggerm iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ Zv AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKiB ARvbv|
ADaggerbK AwffveKB eySDaggerZ cvDaggerib bv wkiumli ADagger_copyvWbwUK mgmumlvi Rbuml daggerKvb eqDaggerm
Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| AAacutevbZvi Rbuml ev Abuml daggerKvb wOslashav-OslashDaggerrsaquo`i
KviDaggerY Zviv ADaggerbK mgqB ADaggerbK dagger`ix KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb wPwKrmvi
Rbuml| dDaggerj wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc wPwKrmvi eumlvwszligKvj daggereDaggero hvq| wKQyDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK
chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc
wPwKrmvi djvdj Avkvbyiƒc nq bv| KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv KZUv
Risbquoix| GLb Avwg ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi eqm mxgv wbDaggerq AvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri AvcbvDagger`i
wKQyUv nDaggerjI aviYv dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev Kie|
AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerk ADaggerbK wkiumlB daggerVvuU ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| Kzmsmacrlsaquoviv‛Qbœ
gvbyliv GDaggerK Awfkvc ev fvDaggerMumli wjLb gDaggerb KDaggeri nvZ cv cedilwUDaggerq eDaggerm _vDaggerK daggerKvb wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri bv| wKšlsquo gDaggerb ivLDaggereb daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumli
AwffveKDagger`i DwPZ RDaggerbyeni ci ciB GKRb AwfAacute Orhodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY Kiv|
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KviY G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i RDaggerbyeni ciB cOumlavb I cOuml_g daggerh mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q Zv nDaggerjv Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mgmumlv| Orthodontist Gmgq GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv wkiumlDaggerK Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml LyeB parawZKi GKwU Afumlvm|
mvaviYZ `yB dagger_DaggerK wZb eQi eqDaggermi gDaggerauml Avcbv Avcwb wkiuml G AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KDaggeri daggerdDaggerj|
wKšlsquo ZviciI hw` wkiuml AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere AwffveKDagger`i Gi parawZKi w`KwU
mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere Ges microgvMZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv PjDaggerZ _vKDaggerj wkiumlDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj G AfumlvmwU
`~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance) bullZwi KDaggeri w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib
hvDaggerZ KDaggeri fwelumlDaggerZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi KviDaggerY wkiumli `vuDaggerZi webumlvm AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv hvq|
mvaviYZ 5-6 eQi eqm dagger_DaggerK wkiumlDagger`i `ya `vuZ coDaggerZ iumlisbquo KDaggeri| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK mgq
dagger`Lv hvq AvNvZ RwbZ paraq RwbZ ev Abuml daggerKvb daggerivDaggerMi KviDaggerY wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya
`vuZ cDaggero hvq ev daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| `vuZ covi ci daggerh dvuKv RvqMvwU _vDaggerK daggerm RvqMvwU ZLb
`yB cvDaggerki `vuZ w`Daggerq eUuml nDaggerq hvq| dDaggerj rsquovqx `vuZ DVvi Rbuml chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv daggercDaggerq
Amacr^vfvweK daggerKvb RvqMvq `vuZ DDaggerV Ges `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi mcurrencentvebv daggereDaggero hvq| GB dvuKv
macrrsquovbwU hvDaggerZ cvDaggerki `vuZ Oslashviv eUuml bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl hšiquest bullZwi
KDaggeri w`Daggereb hvDaggerK Space maintainer eDaggerj| KvDaggerRB daggerKvb `ya`vuZ hw` Zvi wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi
AvDaggerM cDaggero hvq ZDaggere dagger`ix bv KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi mvDagger_ dagger`Lv Kisbquob|
ADaggerbK ev‛PvDagger`i dagger`Lv hvq DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj daggerewk evoDaggerQ ev hZUzKz evovi K_v
ZZUzKz evoDaggerQ bv| Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc evošmdash eqDaggerm (6-12) Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cOumlDaggerqvRb AbymvDaggeri Face
mask ev Chin cap eumlenvi KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb hv ev‛Pvi DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimesDaggerK
mwVK AmacrrsquovDaggerb wbDaggerZ mnvqZv KiDaggere|
DaggerVuvU I ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i daggerVvuU I Zvjy kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wVK
Kivi ci mwVK mgq Orthodontist Gmiddotcvbmb macrŒz (Expansion screw) ZvjyDaggerZ jvwMDaggerq
dagger`b hvDaggerZ DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq| G wkiumlDagger`i 8-10 eQi eqDaggerm bone
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grafting Kivi Rbuml kjuml wPwKrmKDaggerK cOumlDaggerqvRbxq civgkcopy I mnvqZv w`Daggerq _vDaggerKb
Orthodontist|
6-12 eQi eqDaggerm hLb wkiumli gyDaggerL `ya I macrrsquovqx Dfq cOumlKvi `vuZ we`umlgvb ZLb hw`
`vuDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo (Cross bite) daggerewk Kvgo (Deep bite) dagger`Lv hvq ZDaggere
Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRbxq eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggereb hvDaggerZ fwelumlDaggerZ KvgocedilDaggerjv AvDaggeriv Lvivc -Gi w`DaggerK
bv hvq|
`ya `vuZ me cDaggero hvevi ci I macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVvi ci AvuKv evuKv DuPz -bxPz `vuZ wVK
Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS Removable Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ
ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere) ev Fixed Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere bv) w`Daggerq
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb|
ADaggerbDaggerKiB gDaggerbB cOumlkœ _vDaggerK daggerh daggerewk eqDaggerm Orthodontic wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere wKbv|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuZ nvo I GDagger`i mvDagger_ mcurrenuacuteKcopyhysup3 structure cedilDaggerjv fvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZDaggere daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv Kiv mcurrencente|
cOumlvszlig eqDaggerm hw` DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj hw` Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes daggercDaggerq _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv
wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj kjuml wPwKrmvi Oslashvimacrrsquo nDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi mdjZv wbfcopyi KDaggeri wPwKrmDaggerKi AwfAacuteZv daggerivMx I Zvi
AwffveDaggerKi mnDaggerhvwMZv I mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi Dci|
gDaggerb ivLDaggereb mgDaggerqi GK daggerdvuo AmgDaggerqi `k daggerdvuo| mwVK mgDaggerq mwVK KvRwU KiDaggerj
Avcwb daggerh djvdj cvDaggereb dagger`ix KDaggeri KvRwU KiDaggerj daggermB djvdj Avcwb bvI daggercDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
Avcbvi daggerKvb wbKURDaggerbi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj mwVK mgDaggerq Orthodontist
Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggerZ fyjDaggereb bv daggerhb|
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Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Dci Bracket
ev Brace covDaggerbv _vDaggerK| Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq
Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv wbDagger`kcopyvejx wVKgZ daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj wPwKrmv cieZcopyx RwUjZv dagger`Lv
dagger`evi mcurrencentvebv LyeB Kg|
Fixed Orthodontic treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq gyL I `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZ weDaggerkl hZœ wbDaggerZ
nDaggere| daggerhme welDaggerqi Dci daggerewk daggerewk bRi ivLDaggerZ nDaggere Zv bxDaggerP dagger`qv nDaggerjvt
1 daggerhw`b daggerivMxi gyDaggerL Bracket emvDaggerbv nDaggere Zvici dagger_DaggerK 24 NrsaquoUv chcopyšmdash ksup3 Lvevi
LvIqv DwPZ bq| GDaggerZ Bracket LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| H 24 NrsaquoUv Lye daggerRvDaggeri daggerRvDaggeri `vuZ
eordfvk Kiv I DwPZ bq| daggerivMx Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv civgkcopy Abyhvqx `vuZ eordfvk
KiDaggere I macr^vfvweK Lvevi LvDaggere|
2 Bracket covDaggerbvi 2-3 w`b chcopyšmdash daggerivMxi GKUz Amacr^wmacrmdash nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GDaggerZ fDaggerqi wKQy
daggerbB| gyDaggerL bZzb wKQy wRwbm emvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2-3 w`b ci Zv AfumlvDaggerm cwiYZ nDaggerq
hvDaggere|
3 cOumlwZevi Lvevi LvIqvi ci AekumlB `vuZ fvDaggerjvfvDaggere eordfvk KiDaggerZ nDaggere| mKvDaggerj I ivDaggerZ
daggerdnotvivBW hysup3 Uz_Daggercdivide w`Daggerq `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggere| Abumlvbuml mgq Uz_ daggercoacute Qvov eordfvk KiDaggerjI
PjDaggere|
4 cOumlwZ wZb (3) gvm ci ci Uz_eordfvk e`j KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Uz_eordfvDaggerki weordfmampjcedilDaggerjv daggerhb big
(Medium soft) nq Zv daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
5 Bracket ev appliance -Gi Dci bxDaggerP 45 daggerKvDaggerY eordfvk aDaggeri `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
6 Lye daggerRvDaggeri Pvc w`Daggerq eordfvk Kiv hvDaggere bv| GDaggerZ KDaggeri Appliance LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
7 `vuDaggerZi daggerh cvDaggerk Appliance AvDaggerQ daggermB cvDaggerk Appliance -Gi Dci AvjDaggerZvfvDaggere
NywiDaggerq NywiDaggerq eordfvk KDaggeri `vuZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| `vuDaggerZi Abumlvbuml cvkcedilDaggerjvI daggerhb
fvDaggerjvfvDaggere cwireglsaquovi Kiv nq daggermw`DaggerK daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
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8 cOumlwZevi Lvevi Gi ci eordfvk Kiv mcurrencente bv nDaggerj LyefvDaggerjv KDaggeri KzjKzwP KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
9 `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerSi gqjv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Dental Floss eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
DaggerKvb KvwV ev myuB w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerLvPvDaggerbv hvDaggere bv|
10 wRnŸv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Tongue Cleanser eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
11 cOumlDaggerqvRDaggerb fvDaggerjv Mouth Wash eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere ZDaggerewPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy
Abyhvqx|
12 `vuDaggerZi gvwo Avfrac12yj w`Daggerq Massage Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
13 daggerKvb appliance daggerfDaggerfrac12 daggerMDaggerj ev LyDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ev Appliance Gi KviDaggerY gyDaggerL daggerKvb
mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj dagger`ix bv KDaggeri mDaggerfrac12 mDaggerfrac12 Orthondontist-Gi civgkcopy wbDaggerZ nDaggere|
14 wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq ksup3 Lvevi (nvo AvL) LvIqv cwinvi KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
15 AvVvDaggerjv RvZxq Lvevi (PzBs Mvg) LvIqv ev` w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
16 daggercqviv AvDaggercj ev daggerh daggerKvb ksup3 Lvevi Kvgo w`Daggerq bv daggerLDaggerq daggerQvU daggerQvU UzKiv KDaggeri
daggerLDaggerZ nDaggere|
17 Orthodontist DaggerhfvDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK AvmDaggerZ ejDaggereb (1gvm ci ci) AekumlB Zv cvjb
KiDaggerZ nDaggere| bv nDaggerj daggerivMxi wPwKrmv daggerkl nDaggerZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi daggerewk jvMDaggere|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbPz `vuZ wVK Kivi Rbuml daggerhgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Oslashviv mwVK wPwKrmv daggerZgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerivMx Ges daggerivMxi AwffveDaggerKi
mnDaggerhvwMZv Ges Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy Abyhvqx Pjv| ZDaggereB DaggerivMx wPwKrmv DaggerkDaggerl cvDaggere
KvwldquoparaZ myrsaquo`i `vuZ|
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mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
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mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ dnotwms
51
daggerQvAElig GKwU evMvDaggerb hw` ADaggerbKcedilDaggerjv MvQ daggereDaggero DVDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZDaggere ADaggerbK MvDaggerQi macr^vfvweK ebdquowtimes
weboacute nq Ges evMvbwU wKQyw`b ci Nb Rfrac12Daggerj cwiYZ nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK| ZLb hw` daggermLvb
dagger_DaggerK wKQy MvQ daggerKDaggerU daggerdjv nq ZDaggere evMvbwUi evKxMvQcedilDaggerjv iparav daggercDaggerq macr^vfvweKfvDaggere daggereDaggero
DVDaggere|
daggerZgwb gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerh cwigvY RvqMv AvDaggerQ Zvi daggerPDaggerq hw` `vuDaggerZi msLumlv daggerewk wKsev
`vuZ Lye daggerekx AvuKv evKv DuPz `uvZ _vKDaggerj ZDaggere Zv wVK KDaggeri `vuZDaggerK mywebumlvmacrmdash myrsaquo`i KDaggeri
daggerZvjvi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgq daggerivMxi wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB daggerivMx ev
Zvi AwffveK `vuZ daggerZvjvi K_v iumlbDaggerj fq cvq| Zviv fvDaggere `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ ADaggerbK euml_v
jvMDaggere ev daggerPvDaggerLi daggereordfBDaggerbi hw` daggerKvb parawZ nq| Zviv Orthodontist daggerK `vuZ bv ZzDaggerj
wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml AbyDaggeriva KDaggeri _vDaggerK| wKšlsquo ZvDagger`i G mKj aviYv mcurrenuacute~Ycopy Ag~jK| `vuZ
ZzjDaggerj daggerPvDaggerLi ev daggereordfBDaggerbi daggerKvb parawZ nqbv| GKRb AwfAacute wPwKrmK ZvB KiDaggereb hv KiDaggerj
daggerivMxi wPwKrmv fvDaggerjvfvDaggere mcurrenuacutebœ nDaggere Ges daggerivMx I Zvi AwffveK mšlsquowoacute jvf KiDaggere| Avi
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM wbw copyoacute rsquovb fvDaggerjvfvDaggere Aek KDaggeri wbDaggerj Ges wPwKrmDaggerKi dagger`qv DcDagger`k `vuZ
daggerZvjvi w`b I cieZcopyx KDaggerqKw`b mwVKfvDaggere daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj `vuZ daggerZvjvi ci daggerivMxi daggerZgb daggerKvb
Amyweav nq bv ejDaggerjB PDaggerj|
52
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM
`vuZ daggerZvjvi cDaggeri
53
ADaggerbDaggerKB AvDaggerQb hviv ivDaggerZ NygvDaggerbvi AvDaggerM Ges mKvDaggerj bvmacrmdashv Lvevi ci `vuZ eordfvk
KDaggerib `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Kvj wejcurren^ bv KDaggeri `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggerib
`vuDaggerZi mymacrrsquoZvi Rbuml hv hv `iKvi Zviv Zv-B KDaggerib| GmeB nDaggerjv fvDaggerjv Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi
Rbuml LyeB DcKvix|
wKšlsquo Ggb wKQy Afumlvm AvDaggerQ hv gyL I `vuDaggerZi macr^vDaggermacrrsquoumli Rbuml LyeB parawZKi| Gme
e`AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi bvbv aiDaggerYi mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q| GB AfumlvmcedilDaggerjvi gDaggerauml Avfrac12yj
daggerPvlv wRnŸampv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv ev daggerVjv dagger`Iqv daggerKvb mgmumlv bv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI gyL w`Daggerq wbkbrvbarvm
daggerbqv daggerVvuU I bL KvgovDaggerbv AbumlZg|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK| evev gv hw` GUv daggerLqvj KDaggerib ZDaggere wkiumlDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere daggerh Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv Lvivc| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz nDaggerq hvq ADaggerbK mgq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bvI coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Open bite) bxDaggerPi
54
daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZcedilDaggerjv msKzwPZ nDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK hZUzKz daggerXDaggerK ivLv
DwPZ Zv KDaggerg daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerbvi ci I hw` Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm bv KDaggerg ZDaggere wkiumli 2-3 eQi eqm
chcopyšmdash ADaggercparav KiDaggerZ nDaggere| ADaggerbK mgq 3 eQi eqDaggermi ci wkiumli GB Afumlvm PDaggerj hvq|
ZviciI hw` wkiuml G Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere GKRb AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12
civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| wPwKrmK `iKvi gDaggerb nDaggerj daggerKvb Appliance ev hšiquest w`Daggereb hv
wkiumlDaggerK GB Afumlvm `~i KiDaggerZ mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wkiumli hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK ZDaggere DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DPuy nDaggerq hvq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bv coDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerivMx gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri
wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq Avcbvi daggermvbvgwbi hw` Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml
parawZKi ZDaggere cOuml_DaggergB ZvDaggerK eySvb| ZvDaggerZ KvR bv nDaggerj Aemacrrsquov hvDaggerZ AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv
hvq daggermRbuml AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy Kisbquob|
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OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
56
CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
57
KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
59
GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
60
ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
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daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
14
Avcbvi myrsaquo`i mvRvDaggerbv Ni hvi me wKQzB cwicvwU| wbfcopyvebvq Avcbvi emevm| hw`
Gi me wKQzB ADaggerMvQvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZvnDaggerj wK fDaggerjv jvMDaggere jvMDaggere bv| wVK daggerZgwbB AvgvDagger`i
DcDaggerii Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUDaggerZ daggergvU 32 wU macrrsquovqx `uvZ _vDaggerK GB 32 wU macrrsquovqx `uvZ Gi macr^vfvweK
Aemacrrsquovb G _vKDaggerj Avcbvi `uvZ dagger`LvDaggere myrsaquo`i mvRvDaggerbv NDaggerii gDaggerZv| hLb `uvZ Zvi mwVK
AemacrrsquovDaggerb _vDaggerK bv ZLb GUv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri GeDaggerov dagger_eDaggerov GDaggerjvDaggergDaggerjv DPz-bxPz AemacrrsquovDaggerb| ZLb
Avcbvi `uvZ Avi mvRvDaggerbv myrsaquo`i AemacrrsquovDaggerb daggerbB daggerbB eDaggerjB dagger`LDaggerZ GiKg| hw` KvDaggeriv `uvZ
Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb daggerbB hv dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMDaggerQ ZvnDaggerj GKRb AfxAacute ADagger_vcopyWbwUdivide nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri Avcbvi cig eUumlz| Dwb cDaggerib mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg Avcbvi `uvZDaggerK myrsaquo`i KiDaggerZ|
ZvnDaggerj AvgvDagger`i mKDaggerji Rvbvi cOumlDaggerqvRb AvmDaggerj `uvDaggerZi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb daggerKvbwU Ges
daggerKv_vq| hvi dDaggerj Avgiv wbDaggerRivB eyDaggerS wbDaggerZ cviDaggerev AvgvDagger`i `uvZ Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerQ
wK bvB|
15
`uvDaggerZi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb wbfcopyi KDaggeri `vuDaggerZi AKnotzmb ev DcDaggerii cvwUi `uvZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi
`uvDaggerZi Kvgo Gi Dci| cOumlKhellipZ ADagger_copy `uvDaggerZi AKnotzmb gvDaggerb nDagger‛Q DcDaggerii cvwUi `uvDaggerZi mvDagger_
bxDaggerPi cvwUi `uvDaggerZi mcurrenuacuteKcopy hLb cvwUOslashq Kvgo dagger`qv ZvDagger`i c~bvcopysM msDaggerhvDaggerM (Cuspal
Occlusion) G iDaggerqDaggerQ|
hLb uvZ Ges `uvDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ Kvgo Zvi meDaggerPDaggerq mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb iDaggerqDaggerQ GgbwK mcurrenuacute~bcopy
KgcopyKZvcopy cwicyYcopy KDaggeri Ges `bdquowoacutebrsaquo`b ZvDaggerK `uvDaggerZi macr^vfvweK Kvgo ev bigvj AKnotzmb eDaggerj|
Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc 1-2wU `uvDaggerZ Aiacute Amacr^vfvweKZv _vKDaggerj I _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
`uvDaggerZi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb`uvDaggerZi macr^vfvweK Kvgo Gi kZcopycedilDaggerjv wbgœiƒc-
1| bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZ cedilDaggerjv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZ MyDaggerjvi Zzjbvq msLumlvMZ w`K w`Daggerq
GKUz mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere| Zvi Kvib nDaggerjv bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZcedilDaggerjv DcDaggerii
daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `uvDaggerZi daggerPDaggerq AvuKvDaggeri daggerQvU|
2| DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZ cedilDaggerjv GKwU wbw`copyoacute `yiZiexcl I KvgDaggeroi gvaumlDaggerg mvgDaggerb Ges wcQDaggerb
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK daggerXDaggerK ivLDaggere|
3| DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclb `uvZ (1st) Gi mvgDaggerb Ges evwnDaggerii w`DaggerK DPuy Ask wU
(Mesio Buccal Cusp) wbDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclb `uvDaggerZi mvgDaggerb Ges evwnDaggerii
gvSvgvwS daggerh uvDaggerZ bumlvq RvqMvq (Buccal Groove) Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
4| DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerQ`b `uvZ wbDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerQ`b Ges AMOumlDaggerclb (1st Premolar)
Gi gaumleZxcopy dvuKv macrrsquovDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
5| wbDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji KZcopyb `uvDaggerZi wKbviv (Incisal Edge) DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji KZcopyb `uvDaggerZi
cbdquoocircDagger`k (Zvjyi w`DaggerK) Gi gaumleZxcopy macrrsquovDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere| hv nDaggerZ nDaggere mwVK `yiZiexcl Ges
mwVK Kvgo mcurrenuacutebœ|
ZvnDaggerj dagger`ix daggerKb Gparazbx 1 wgwbU Avqbvi mvgDaggerb `vwoDaggerq dagger`DaggerL daggerbB AvgvDagger`i `uvZ Ges
`uvDaggerZi Kvgo Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb iDaggerqDaggerQ wK bv
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16
GKwesk kZvatildexDaggerZ wPwKrmv weAacutevb DbœwZi Pig wkLDaggeri Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerQ| GB DbœwZi
daggerRvqvDaggerii mvDagger_ Zvj wgwjDaggerq `šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi AbumlZg cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy kvLv ADagger_vcopyWbwmqv I
GLb AvDaggeriv DbœZ| bvbvwea RwUj mgmumlvi mgvavb nDagger‛Q ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg|
Avmyb Avgiv cwiwPZ nB KZcedilDaggerjv cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy mgmumlvi mDaggerfrac12 hvi mgvavb Lye mnDaggerRB wPwKrmvi
gvaumlDaggerg Kiv hvq|
1 microvDwWs Crowding
GB aiDaggerYi mgmumlvq dagger`Lv hvq daggerPvqvDaggerj `vuZcedilDaggerjv AvuKv evuKv nDaggerq Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerQ ev
daggerPvqvDaggerj chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKvi KviDaggerY GK `vuZ Abuml `vuDaggerZi Dci DDaggerV daggerMDaggerQ|
microvDwWs Crowding
2 daggermacruacutewms (Spacing)
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS
dvuKv RvqMv _vKv|
17
3 wWmDaggercshymDaggergrsaquoU (Displacement)
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq GKwU `vuDaggerZi daggerh RvqMvq Aemacrrsquovb Kivi K_v daggermLvb dagger_DaggerK mDaggeri Abuml
RvqMvq PDaggerj hvq|
wWmDaggercshymDaggergrsaquoU
(Displacement)
4 GKDaggerUvwcK Bivcmb (Ectopic Eruption)
`vuZ Zvi wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV Abuml daggerKvb `vuDaggerZi RvqMvq ev Abuml daggerKvb
Amacr^vfvweK AemacrrsquovDaggerb DDaggerV|
GKDaggerUvwcK Bivcmb
(Ectopic Eruption)
5 Cross Bite ev DDaggereumlv Kvgo Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii daggerPqvDaggerji
mvgDaggerbi `vuZ cedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `uvZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL Ges DcDaggerii
daggerPvqvDaggerji wcQDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ mvgvbuml evBDaggerii
18
w`DaggerK _vDaggerK| GDaggerK Normal Bite ev macr^vfvweK Kvgo eDaggerj| GB Aemacrrsquovi DDaggereumlvwU hLb
NDaggerU ZLb ZvDaggerK Cross Bite ev DDaggereumlv Kvgo eDaggerj|
Cross Bite
ev DDaggereumlv Kvgo
6 (IDaggercb evBU) Open bite
Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerii cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi daggerPqvDaggerji
cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi GKwU macruacutekcopy _vDaggerK| daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` Kvgo dagger`qv Ae rsquovq DcDaggerii cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi msmacruacutekcopy bv _vDaggerK Ges Gi dDaggerj `yB cvwU `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS
dvuKv _vDaggerK ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Open bite eDaggerj|
IDaggercb evBU
(Open bite)
7 wWc evBU (Deep bite)
Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi
GK ZhellipZxqvsk daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL| wKšlsquo daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi cyDaggerivUv daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL ZLb ZvDaggerK Deep bite ev daggerewk Kvgo eDaggerj|
19
(wWc evBU) Deep bite
8 Knotvm 2 gumlvjAKnotzmb
(Class II malocclusion Division 1) GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ macr^vfvweDaggerKi daggerPDaggerq ADaggerbK mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| DcDaggerii cvwUcopyi mvgDaggerbi
`vZcedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK DuPz nq|
Knotvm 2 wWwfkb 1 gumlvjAvKnotzmb
11 Knotvm 3 gumlvjAKnotzmb (Class III Malocclusion)
20
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi cvwcopyUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL
ev DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi Inscisal Edge GDaggerK AcDaggerii DcDaggeri Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| hvDaggerK
Edge To Edge Bite eDaggerj|
Knotvm 3 gumlvjAKnotzmb
12 Zvjy KvUv I daggerVvuU KvUv t
GwU GKwU RbyenMZ mgmumlv ADaggerbDaggerK iumlay daggerVvU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv Avevi ADaggerbDaggerK Dfq
mgmumlv wbDaggerqB RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| AwfAacute wPwKrmKebdquoDaggerrsaquo`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutevi gvaumlDaggerg mwVK
mgDaggerq mwVK wPwKrmv w`Daggerq daggerVvuU I Zvjy KvUv fvDaggerjv Kiv AvRKvj daggerKvb mgmumlvB bq|
21
Zvjy KvUv
daggerVvuU KvUv
DcDaggerii AvDaggerjvPbvq Avwg wKQy mgmumlv Lye mnR fvlvq AvcbvDagger`i eySvDaggerZ daggerPoacutev KDaggeriwQ|
GmKj mgmumlvi mswparaszlig weeiY wfZDaggerii cOumlwZwU AaumlvDaggerq dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev KiwQ|
22
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PROF IIDA JUN ICHI RO DR SAGOR amp
PROF TT YAMAMOTO AT KOREA
23
At IADR Seminar USA
Avcwb nqDaggerZvev Avcbvi wbDaggerRi A_ev daggerKvb wcOumlqRDaggerbi AvuKv evuKv `vuZ wbDaggerq LyeB
`ywethšmdashvMOumlmacr mdash| mywPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg Orthodontist AvcbvDaggerK GB `ywethšmdashv dagger_DaggerK gysup3 KiDaggerZ
cvDaggerib| wKšlsquo Avcwb wK RvDaggerbb daggerKb `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPz bxPz nq Avmyb bxDaggerPi AvDaggerjvPbvi
gvaumlDaggerg Avgiv cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy GB cOumlkœwUi DEumli LyuDaggerR daggerbB|
wewfbœ wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv wewfbœfvDaggere `vuZ AvuKv-evuKv nevi KviY mg~nDaggerK daggerkordfYxetimes
KDaggeriDaggerQb| AvcbvDagger`i Rvbvi myweavDagger_copy Lye mnR fvlvq `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi KviY mg~n wbDaggerP
dagger`qv njt
1| RbyenMZ KviY t K) wkiuml hw` daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| L) wkiumli
RDaggerbyeni mgq gv_vq AvNvZ daggercDaggerj| M) wewfbœ JlDaggerai cvkbrvbarcopy cOumlwZmicroqvi Rbuml|
2| eskMZ KviDaggerYt daggerPvqvj Lye daggerewk eo ev daggerQvU nDaggerj| daggerPvqvDaggerj me `vuZ aDaggeri
ivLvi gZ chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKDaggerj|
3| niDaggergvDaggerbi wewfbœ mgmumlv daggerhgbt Cretinism acromegali _vKDaggerj|
4| daggerPvqvj ev `vuDaggerZi bxDaggerP daggerKvb wUDgvi _vKDaggerj ev AvNvZ daggercDaggerj|
5| fyj ctimeswZDaggerZ Lvevi wMjDaggerj (Improper Swallowing)|
6| gyDaggerL daggerKvb `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKDaggerj|
7| `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AvKhellipwZ Amacr^vfvweK nDaggerj|
8| gyDaggerL AwZwisup3 daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj|
9| DaggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi gDaggerauml jydegvwqZ _vKDaggerj|
10| wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya `vuZ daggerdDaggerj w`Daggerj|
11| `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi ciI ADaggerbKw`b aDaggeri gyDaggerL Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerj|
12| macrrsquovqx daggerKvb `vuZ bv _vKDaggerj|
13| macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVDaggerZ dagger`ix KiDaggerj|
14| AvNvZ daggercDaggerj|
15| DaggerKvb `vuZ mnRfvDaggere DVDaggerZ euml_copy nDaggerj|
16| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv dagger`qv cOumlfbdquowZ AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi
cOumlavb KviYmg~nDaggerZv RvbDaggerjb| Avmyb bv Rvbv AacutevbUvDaggerK KvDaggerR jvMvB| DcDaggerivsup3
24
KviYmg~n hw` KvDaggeriv gvDaggerS dagger`LDaggerZ cvB ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY
KiDaggerZ ewj|
hLb KvDaggeriv gv_vq PzDaggerji cwigvb macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ Kg _vDaggerK ZLb ZvDaggerK KZB bv
`ywethšmdashv MOumlmacr mdash dagger`Lvq| gv_vi Pzjwenxb dvuKv macrrsquovb wKfvDaggere `~i Kiv hvq Zv wbDaggerq daggerhb wPšmdashvi daggerkl
_vDaggerK bv| wVK daggerZgwbfvDaggere wKQy gvbyDaggerli `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMv dagger`Lv hvq| ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcirc
Zviv Abuml gvbyDaggerli mvgDaggerb K_v ejDaggerZ GgbwK cOumlvb LyDaggerj nvmDaggerZI Amacr^wmacrmdash daggereva KDaggeri| hviv dvuKv
`vuDaggerZi mgmumlv fyMDaggerQb ZvDagger`i `ywethšmdashvi w`b daggerkl| ADagger_copyvWbwUKm wPwKrmvi KjumlvDaggerb dvuKv
`vuDaggerZi wPwKrmv GLb Avi daggerKvb mgmumlvB bq|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy
wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
25
mvaviY ADagger_copy Spacing ejDaggerZ Avgiv dvuKv macrrsquovb eywS| wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi fvlvq hLb
g yDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb daggerKvb `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMv _vDaggerK ZLb ZvDaggerK Spacing eDaggerj|
cOumlKviDaggerf` t Spacing `yB aiDaggerYi nDaggerq _vDaggerK|
1) Generalized Spacing daggerPvqvDaggerji me ev AwaKvsk `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv
_vKDaggerj|
2) Localized Spacing `yB ev ZDaggerZvwaK `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerj|
DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `ywU `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerj ZvDaggerK Median
Diastema eDaggerj|
Spacing ev dvuKvi KviY t
1 daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq `vuDaggerZi AvKvi hw` daggerQvU nq
2 RbyenMZfvDaggere daggerKvb `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKDaggerj|
3 Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj|
4 DaggerKvb `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AwZ paraz`ordf nDaggerj|
5 `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerj|
6 wmdivide wUDgvi _vKDaggerj|
7 wRnŸv eo _vKDaggerj| (macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ)
8 `vuZ wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK NyDaggeri daggerMDaggerj
9 GQvov daggerVuvU ev MvDaggerji KviDaggerY A_ev AwZwisup3 daggerKvb `vuZ gyDaggerL _vKDaggerj Zv cvDaggerki
`vuZDaggerK Pressure w`Daggerq mwiDaggerq Spacing KDaggeri|
Spacing wKfvDaggere wbYcopyq Kiv nq t
K) DaggerivMxi gyL MnŸi chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri
L) DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZiƒc ev Model dagger`DaggerL
M) x-ray dagger`DaggerL|
26
Spacing Gi Amyweav mg~nt
duvKv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI daggerivMxi Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv K_v ejvi
mgq daggerKvb daggerKvb katilde macruacuteoacutefvDaggere D‛PviDaggerY mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt
Spacing Gi wPwKrmv Kivi c~Daggerecopy daggerivMxi BwZnvm fvDaggerjvfvDaggere RvbDaggerZ nDaggere Ges
Spacing Gi mcurrencentveuml KviY mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggerZ nDaggere| hw` daggerivMxi Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK
hvi Rbuml `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMvi mbdquowoacute nDagger‛Q ZDaggere daggermB Afumlvm ev` dagger`qvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| ZviciI hw` daggerivMx Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere Habit breaking
appliance eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere| daggerKvb
TumourCyst _vKDaggerj Zv AcmviY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Spacing hw` Lye mvgvbuml cwigvDaggerY nq
Ges daggerivMxi hw` daggerKvb AwfDaggerhvM bv _vDaggerK ZDaggere wPwKrmv bv KivDaggerj I PDaggerj| ZDaggere Spacing
ADaggerbK daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontics wPwKrmv jvMDaggere| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri
wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wK aiDaggerYi wPwKrmv w`Daggereb| Spacing wVK Kivi Rbuml yB aiDaggerYi hšiquest ev
appliance use Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Removable Appliance)
Orthodontist `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ Fixed KDaggeri Appliance wU jvwMDaggerq w`Daggereb
(Fixed appliance) hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggerebv|
hw` `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mvgvbuml dvuKv _vDaggerK ZDaggere `vuDaggerZi iDaggerOi mvDagger_ wgwjDaggerq Filling Kiv
daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
GQvov gyDaggerLi Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS KhellipwIcircg `vuZ ewmDaggerq I Spacing Correction Kiv hvq| DaggerZv
Avcbvi hw` _vDaggerK dvuKv `vuDaggerZi mgmumlv ZDaggere PDaggerj Avmyb AwfAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ| wPwKrmv
KwiDaggerq `vuDaggerZi dvuKv wVK Kisbquob cOumlvY LyDaggerj nvmyb Avi nDaggerq DVyb AvKlcopyYxq|
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mvaviYfvDaggere Crowding ejDaggerZ daggerKvb wKQyi AvwaKumlDaggerK daggerevSvq| wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi
fvlvq gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKvi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi macr^vfvweK webumlvm evavMOumlmacrrsquo nDaggerq daggerh
wekbdquoldquoLjZv mbdquowoacute nq ZvDaggerK Crowding eDaggerj|
KviYmg~nt wewfbœ KviDaggerY gyDaggerL Crowding nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Zvi gDaggerauml DDaggerjshyLDaggerhvMuml
KviYmg~n bxDaggerP Dagger`qv njt
1 gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AvKhellipwZi mvgAumlmuml bv _vKDaggerj|
2 `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj|
3 `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi ADaggerbK AvDaggerM cDaggero daggerMDaggerj
4 macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVDaggerZ dagger`ix nDaggerj
5 AvNvZ daggercDaggerj
6 DaggerKvb `vuZ evowZ _vKDaggerj
7 Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj
28
8 daggerPvqvj macr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes bv daggercDaggerj
Crowding wbYcopyqt
1 daggerivMxi gyLMnŸi chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri|
2 DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Model ev cOumlwZiƒc dagger`DaggerL
3 GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL|
Crowding Gi djvdj t
`vuDaggerZi Dci cOumlfvet Gi dDaggerj `vuZ Zvi wbDaggerRi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK NyDaggeri daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri
`vuZ daggernDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri GgbwK daggerKvb daggerKvb `vuZ bvI DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Dci cOumlfve t
1 DaggerivMx mvgvwRKfvDaggere wewfbœ mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
2 DaggermŠrsaquo`hcopynvwb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
3 `vuZ wVKgZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ bv cvivi KviDaggerY `vuZ I gvwoi wewfbœ daggerivDaggerM Avmicrovšmdash
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
4 nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmv t
1 cOumlwZDaggerivag~jK eumlemacrrsquovt
hw` daggerivMxi cwievDaggeri KvDaggeriv `vuDaggerZ Crowding _vDaggerK ZDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist-Gi chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ covi mwVK mgq bv Avmv chcopyšmdash `ya `vuZDaggerK msiparaY Kivi daggerPoacutev KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggerKvb paraqDaggerivM dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerZ daggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml
boacute bv nq|
Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj ZumlvM KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ mwVK mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj Zv wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq daggerdDaggerj dagger`qvi eumlemacrrsquov KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
29
gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere avivevwnKfvDaggere wbw`copyoacute wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerK
wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi fvlvq Serial extraction ejv nq|
2 msDaggerkvab g~jK eumlemacrrsquov t
K) DaggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml evovDaggerbv
DaggerPvqvjDaggerK cOumlmvwiZ Kiv
mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK wKQyUv DuPz Kiv
Daggergvjvi `vuZDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerUDaggerb Daggerbqv
vuDaggerZi AvKvi daggerQvU KDaggeri daggerdjv
`vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjv t
Crowding Gi cwigvY Lye daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontist wVK KiDaggereb daggerKvb `vuZwU
daggerdjDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
Crowding Lye daggerewk nDaggerj ev gvSvwi aiDaggerYi nDaggerj Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggerq
Removable ev Fixed daggerh daggerKvb GK aiDaggerYi appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggereb|
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30
Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi
msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy AvDaggerm| wKšlsquo daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` DcDaggerii cvwUcopyi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy bv
AvDaggerm Ges Gi dDaggerj DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi cvwUcopyi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mecopy`v dvuKv macrrsquovb _vDaggerK Ges gyL
mcurrenuacute~YcopyiƒDaggerc eUuml bv nq ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Open Bite eDaggerj|
mvaviYfvDaggere Open Bite ejDaggerZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi
Kvgo bv jvMvDaggerK daggerevSvq|
Open bite mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ ev wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Open Bite Gi KviY
mg~nt Avfrac12yj weDaggerkl KDaggeri ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Open bite nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
31
wRnŸv macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ eo _vKDaggerj ev hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjvavdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm
_vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS _vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi
DcDaggerii AsDaggerk (occlusal surface) -G _vDaggerK ZDaggere Open Bite nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
G Qvov daggerivMx hw` Bony Dysplasia Congenital wmwdwjm BZumlvw` daggerivDaggerM fyDaggerM
_vDaggerK ZDaggereI Open bite Gi mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt Open bite Gi wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml mecopycOuml_g daggerivMxDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOuml_Daggerg Open bite nevi KviY
mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggereb| hw` daggerivMxi Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK
ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm `~i Kivi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb
KDaggerib ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm ~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance)
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib daggerivMxDaggerK|
Open bite hw` gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj hvq ZDaggere Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontic
appliance eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri hv Fixed ev Removable daggerh daggerKvb iKgB
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
hw` daggerPvqvDaggerji nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Open bite dagger`Lv hvq Ges daggerivMxi eqm hw` 6-12 eQi
nq ZDaggere Chin cap (Chin cap bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi ev bxDaggerPi w`DaggerKi ebdquowtimes
nIqvDaggerK cOumlwZDaggeriva KDaggeri) Gi mvDagger_ High pull head gear eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nevi ci Ges macrrsquovqx `vuZ me DVvi ci daggerPvqvDaggerji Amacr^vfvweK
ebdquowtimesRwbZ KviDaggerY daggerh Open bite nq Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Surgery Kiv DaggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq KvDaggeriv Open bite Gi mgmumlv _vKDaggerj AvovDaggerj Zvi mgvDaggerjvPbv bv
KDaggeri AvgvDagger`i mKDaggerji DwPZ ZvDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ
ejv| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cieZcopyx KiYxq mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy ejDaggerZ cviDaggereb| Zvui
civgkcopy Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY KiDaggerj Open bite wbivgq Kiv mcurrencente|
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`šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv Class II Malocclusion DaggerK `yB fvDaggerM fvM KDaggeriDaggerQb|
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion
2 Class II division 2 malocclusion
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion t
hw` KvDaggeriv daggerclY `vuDaggerZi mcurrenuacuteKcopy (Molar relation) Class II _vDaggerK Ges DcDaggerii
DaggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZ cedilDaggerjv DPz _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv Class II Division 1 Gi Ašmdashfycopysup3|
Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK
(Convex profile) DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ daggerewk daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL
DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK daggerewk mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| `vuZ DuPz nevi KviDaggerY
daggerivMx ADaggerbK mgq `yB daggerVuvU eUuml KiDaggerZ cvDaggeribv|
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2 Class II division 2 Malocclusion
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc Molar Relation Class II _vKDaggere A_copyvr DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev
Molar `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev Molar `vuDaggerZi dagger_DaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ mvgDaggerb
Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv wKQyUv wfZDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb
KiDaggere| mvaviYZ DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj GKB iKg AemacrrsquovDaggerb _vKDaggere (Straight Profile)
DcDaggerii `vuZcedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK cyDaggerivUv daggerXDaggerK ivLDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`ix bv KDaggeri GKRb Orthodontist daggerK Rvbvb|
Orthodontist wewfbœ chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri wPwKrmv ctimeswZ wVK KiDaggereb|
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Avcbvi AvDaggerk cvDaggerki gvbylcedilDaggerjvDaggerK GKUz fvDaggerjvfvDaggere jpara KiDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggereb daggerewki
fvM gvbyDaggerliB DcDaggeri daggerPvqvj Ges DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji
`vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ mvgvbuml GKUz mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK| Ges GUvB nDaggerjv macr^vfvweK| wKšlsquo wKQy gvbyDaggerli
daggerparaDaggerIcirc Gi DDaggereumlvUv dagger`Lv dagger`q| A_copyvr ZvDagger`i bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK _vDaggerK DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj ev DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ| GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi
fvlvq eDaggerj Class III malocclusion|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
`yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| 1Uv nDaggerjv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY| GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii
cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi
MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb dagger`DaggerL GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wKfvDaggere wPwKrmv KiDaggerj
daggerivMx mDaggerecopyvEumlg djvdj cvq|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion nq ZDaggere Orthodontic
Treatment A_copyvr iumlaygvIcirc Brace cwoDaggerqB wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere evošmdash ev cwiYZ daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB| ZDaggere Lye daggerewk eqDaggerm wPwKrmv KivDaggerj wPwKrmvi mgq daggereDaggero hvDaggere|
hw` evošmdash eqDaggerm nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion dagger`Lv dagger`q ZDaggere
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvjDaggerK mvgDaggerb Avbvi Rbuml ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvjDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerbqvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK wewfbœ
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aiDaggerYi hšiquest dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri eumlenvDaggerii Rbuml| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Face Mask Chin Cap DDaggerjshyL
daggerhvMuml|
hw` cwiYZ eqDaggerm gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerqi Class III malocclusion hv nvDaggerii MVDaggerbi
KviDaggerY nDaggerqDaggerQ Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ ZDaggere kjuml wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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evBgumlvmiddot
evBgvmiddot `y aiDaggerbi nq| evBgumlvwmiddotjvix cOumlUzordfmb Ges evBgumlvwmiddot jvix cOumlwKnotDaggerbmb| wK KwVb
katilde| Avmyb Lye mnDaggerR daggerRDaggerb daggerbB `uvZ I gvwoi Avi GK mgmumlv hvi bvg evBgvmiddot|
evBgumlvmiddot mgmumlvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj wKsev `uvZ wKsev DfqB mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK DPzu _vDaggerK| dDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv daggerVvU DPzu nDaggerq _vKv GgbwK gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ
cviv mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
mvavibZ `uvZ hw` Zzjbvg~jK fvDaggere eo GgbwK daggerPvqvj jcurren^v wKsev daggerXvK wMjvi mgq
wRnev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK Amacr^vfvweK fvDaggere `uvZDaggerK mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK daggerVjv w`Daggerj GB aiDaggerbi mgmumlv nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| NveovDaggerbvi wKQzB daggerbB GB mgmumlvi mgvavb Lye myrsaquo`i KDaggeri GK AwfAacute ADagger_copyDaggerWbwUdivide
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib| gDaggerb ivLDaggerZ nDaggere cOumlv_wgK Aemacrrsquovq GB mgmumlvi mgvavb KiDaggerj ZZUv RwUjZv nq
bv| eDaggerqvmwUuml KvDaggerji c~Daggere eDaggerqvmmwUuml KvDaggerji mgq Ges cDaggeri wPwKrmv eumlemacrrsquov cbdquo_K cbdquo_K nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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myrsaquo`Daggerii c~Rvix mKDaggerjB ZvB GB mgmumlv mgvavb KDaggeri
Avcwb nDaggerq DVyb myrsaquo`i `uvZ I nvwmi AwaKvix
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daggerMR `vuZ(High Canine) DPz KZcopyb `vuZ t
AvgvDagger`i gyDaggerL eqm 5 eQi chcopyšmdash daggerh 20 wU `vuZ _vDaggerK Zvi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ
_vDaggerK| eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ 20wU `ya `vuZ hLb cDaggero wMDaggerq macrrsquovqx `vuZ DDaggerV ZLbI daggergvU
32wU `vuDaggerZi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ _vDaggerK| G KZcopyb `uvZcedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi 4wU daggerKvbvq AewmacrrsquoZ| ZvB
GDagger`iDaggerK Corner Stone of mouth eDaggerj| bvg iumlbDaggerjB daggerevSv hvq G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Lv`uml`ordfeumlDaggerK
KZcopyb KiDaggerZ Ges wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri| G `vuZ cedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK kwsup3kvjx| KviY G `vuDaggerZi
GbvDaggergDaggerji cyisbquoZiexcl Daggerewk Ges mvgDaggerbi 4wU `vuDaggerZi (Pecopyb `vuZ-Incisor tooth) ciciB
AewmacrrsquoZ| daggerKvb daggerKvb mgq wewfbœ KviY ekZt G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Zvi wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK wfbœ
AemacrrsquovDaggerb dagger`Lv hvq| hw` G `vuZcedilDaggerjv gvwoi gDaggerauml ev DcDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri ZLb ZvDaggerK
High Canine ev daggerMR `vuZ ejv nq| Avevi KLDaggerbv GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv Zvjyi w`K w`Daggerq DDaggerV|
ZLb GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK Palataly placed canine eDaggerj| Avevi KLDaggerbv I gvwo ev Zvjyi wfZDaggeri
G `vuZ Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| ZLb ZvDaggerK Impacted Canine ejv nq| GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi gDaggerauml
AZxe Risbquoix PviwU `vuZ| GB `vuZ daggerhgb Lv`uml`ordfeuml KZcopyb I wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri cvkvcvwk
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daggerPvqvDaggerji bovPovDaggerK wbqšiquestY KDaggeri| GB `vuZDaggerK Beauty tooth I ejv nq| ZvB G `vuDaggerZi
mvwietimesfvDaggere webumlvm LyeB Risbquoix|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ daggerh KDaggerqKwU mgmumlv ZzDaggerj aiv nDaggerjv G mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi mgvavb LyeB Risbquoix|
hw` daggerKD GiKg daggerKvb mgmumlvq fyDaggerM _vDaggerKb ZDaggere AwfAacute Orthodontist -B nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
Avcbvi myrsaquo`i nvwm wdwiDaggerq dagger`qvi cig eUumlz|
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daggerVvuU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerki wkiumlDagger`i GKwU AbumlZg
mgmumlv| wewfbœ MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv wMDaggerqDaggerQ cOumlwZ 700 RDaggerb 1 Rb daggerVvuU KvUv Ges cOumlwZ 1000 RDaggerb
1 Rb wkiuml Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| daggerVvuU KvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggerQDaggerj wkiumlDagger`i Ges
ZvjyKvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggergDaggerq-wkiumlDagger`i gvDaggerS|
wewfbœ KviDaggerY wkiuml daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri _vDaggerK| kZKiv 25 fvM daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GUv eskMZ KviDaggerY nDaggerq _vDaggerK| hw` 1 Rb ZvjyKvUv daggerivMx 1 Rb mymacrrsquo gvbylDaggerK weDaggerq KDaggeri ZDaggere
ZvDagger`i ev‛Pvi ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kivi mcurrencentvebv kZKiv 2 fvM|
Mfcopyvemacrrsquovi cOuml_g fvDaggerM gv hw` daggerKvb fvBivj BbDaggerdKkDaggerb Avmicrovšmdash nq ev kvixwiKfvDaggere
AvNvZcOumlvszlig nq ev niDaggergvDaggerbi fvimvgumlnxbZvq fyDaggerM ev wfUvwgDaggerbi AfvDaggere fyDaggerM _vDaggerK ev
daggeriwWDaggerqkDaggerb GmiddotDaggercvR nq ev _umlvwjDaggerWvgvBW RvZxq Ilya MOumlnY KDaggeri ZDaggere wkiumli daggerVvuU ev
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| KvDaggerQi AvZyenxq macr^RDaggerbi gvDaggerS weDaggerq nDaggerjI wkiuml G mgmumlv
wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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DaggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq wkiuml RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerj cwieviDaggerK bvbv aiDaggerYi mvgvwRK I gvbwmK
mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ nq| wkiuml hLb GB mgmumlv wbDaggerq eo nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZLb daggermI gvbwmKfvDaggere
nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ _vDaggerK| G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ K_v
ejDaggerZ I iumlbDaggerZ mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| `vuDaggerZi mgmumlvi gDaggerauml hv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Zvi gDaggerauml AbumlZg
nDagger‛Q-wewfbœ `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKv `vuZ wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV gyDaggerLi Abuml daggerKvb RvqMvq
DVv evowZ wKQy `vuZ _vKv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb ksup3 bv nIqv `vuDaggerZi MVb myrsaquo`i bv nIqv
gvwoi wewfbœ mgmumlv `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPy-bxPz nIqv|
daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv daggerivMxDagger`i wPwKrmv weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmKDagger`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutev Qvov mcurrencente
bq| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Orthodontist Gi f~wgKv iumlisbquo nq ev‛Pvi RDaggerbyeni ci ciB| daggerhDaggernZz daggerVvuU I
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv nq daggermRbuml wkiumli RDaggerbyeni ci ciB
gyDaggerLi wfZi covi Rbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b daggerhb wkiumli daggerLDaggerZ
daggerKvb mgmumlv bv nq|
kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wkiumli 3-6 gvm eqDaggerm daggerVvuU I 1-2 eQi eqDaggerm Zvjy wVK KiDaggerZ
nDaggere GKRb AwfAacute kjuml wPwKrmK Oslashviv| kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg daggerVvuU I Zvjy wVK Kivi ci
wkiumli DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj hvDaggerZ msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GK aiDaggerYi
Appliance ev hšiquest bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b|
wkiumli Mixed dentition stage (6-12 eQi eqm) -G gyDaggerL daggerKvb AwZwisup3 `vuZ
_vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GQvov mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Cross bite _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuZ
AvuKv evKv _vKDaggerj ev Molar ev daggerclY `vDaggerZi Relation wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere Removable ev Fixed appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo
KiDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
me macrrsquovqx `vuZ PDaggerj Avmvi ci macrrsquovqxfvDaggere daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Kvgo (Occlusion
improve) wVK Kivi Rbuml Fixed ev Removable appliance w`Daggerq Orthodontist
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb Ges daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggereb|
GB mgDaggerq gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyDaggerK wVK Kivi Rbuml cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj Bony Graft Kiv daggerhDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| Gi dDaggerj Orthodontic treatment Gi daggerh djvdj ZvI Aparazbœ _vKDaggere|
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daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLvi ci Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere daggerivMxDaggerK
Permanent Retainer bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv daggerivMxDaggerK me mgq cDaggero _vKDaggerZ nDaggere|
Amacrlsaquovi weRqx DaggerRvqvDaggerKb wdwbmiddot RDaggerbyeni mgq daggerVvuU KvuUv wQj
daggerVvuU KuvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv daggerKvb Awfkvc bq| mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg
GDaggerK mvwiDaggerq daggerZvjv mcurrencente| `iKvi iumlay mevi mDaggerPZbZv Avi mwVK mgDaggerq weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri daggerm Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY Kiv|
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ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerKvb eqDaggerm iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ Zv AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKiB ARvbv|
ADaggerbK AwffveKB eySDaggerZ cvDaggerib bv wkiumli ADagger_copyvWbwUK mgmumlvi Rbuml daggerKvb eqDaggerm
Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| AAacutevbZvi Rbuml ev Abuml daggerKvb wOslashav-OslashDaggerrsaquo`i
KviDaggerY Zviv ADaggerbK mgqB ADaggerbK dagger`ix KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb wPwKrmvi
Rbuml| dDaggerj wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc wPwKrmvi eumlvwszligKvj daggereDaggero hvq| wKQyDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK
chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc
wPwKrmvi djvdj Avkvbyiƒc nq bv| KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv KZUv
Risbquoix| GLb Avwg ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi eqm mxgv wbDaggerq AvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri AvcbvDagger`i
wKQyUv nDaggerjI aviYv dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev Kie|
AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerk ADaggerbK wkiumlB daggerVvuU ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| Kzmsmacrlsaquoviv‛Qbœ
gvbyliv GDaggerK Awfkvc ev fvDaggerMumli wjLb gDaggerb KDaggeri nvZ cv cedilwUDaggerq eDaggerm _vDaggerK daggerKvb wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri bv| wKšlsquo gDaggerb ivLDaggereb daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumli
AwffveKDagger`i DwPZ RDaggerbyeni ci ciB GKRb AwfAacute Orhodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY Kiv|
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KviY G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i RDaggerbyeni ciB cOumlavb I cOuml_g daggerh mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q Zv nDaggerjv Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mgmumlv| Orthodontist Gmgq GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv wkiumlDaggerK Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml LyeB parawZKi GKwU Afumlvm|
mvaviYZ `yB dagger_DaggerK wZb eQi eqDaggermi gDaggerauml Avcbv Avcwb wkiuml G AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KDaggeri daggerdDaggerj|
wKšlsquo ZviciI hw` wkiuml AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere AwffveKDagger`i Gi parawZKi w`KwU
mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere Ges microgvMZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv PjDaggerZ _vKDaggerj wkiumlDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj G AfumlvmwU
`~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance) bullZwi KDaggeri w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib
hvDaggerZ KDaggeri fwelumlDaggerZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi KviDaggerY wkiumli `vuDaggerZi webumlvm AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv hvq|
mvaviYZ 5-6 eQi eqm dagger_DaggerK wkiumlDagger`i `ya `vuZ coDaggerZ iumlisbquo KDaggeri| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK mgq
dagger`Lv hvq AvNvZ RwbZ paraq RwbZ ev Abuml daggerKvb daggerivDaggerMi KviDaggerY wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya
`vuZ cDaggero hvq ev daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| `vuZ covi ci daggerh dvuKv RvqMvwU _vDaggerK daggerm RvqMvwU ZLb
`yB cvDaggerki `vuZ w`Daggerq eUuml nDaggerq hvq| dDaggerj rsquovqx `vuZ DVvi Rbuml chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv daggercDaggerq
Amacr^vfvweK daggerKvb RvqMvq `vuZ DDaggerV Ges `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi mcurrencentvebv daggereDaggero hvq| GB dvuKv
macrrsquovbwU hvDaggerZ cvDaggerki `vuZ Oslashviv eUuml bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl hšiquest bullZwi
KDaggeri w`Daggereb hvDaggerK Space maintainer eDaggerj| KvDaggerRB daggerKvb `ya`vuZ hw` Zvi wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi
AvDaggerM cDaggero hvq ZDaggere dagger`ix bv KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi mvDagger_ dagger`Lv Kisbquob|
ADaggerbK ev‛PvDagger`i dagger`Lv hvq DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj daggerewk evoDaggerQ ev hZUzKz evovi K_v
ZZUzKz evoDaggerQ bv| Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc evošmdash eqDaggerm (6-12) Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cOumlDaggerqvRb AbymvDaggeri Face
mask ev Chin cap eumlenvi KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb hv ev‛Pvi DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimesDaggerK
mwVK AmacrrsquovDaggerb wbDaggerZ mnvqZv KiDaggere|
DaggerVuvU I ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i daggerVvuU I Zvjy kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wVK
Kivi ci mwVK mgq Orthodontist Gmiddotcvbmb macrŒz (Expansion screw) ZvjyDaggerZ jvwMDaggerq
dagger`b hvDaggerZ DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq| G wkiumlDagger`i 8-10 eQi eqDaggerm bone
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grafting Kivi Rbuml kjuml wPwKrmKDaggerK cOumlDaggerqvRbxq civgkcopy I mnvqZv w`Daggerq _vDaggerKb
Orthodontist|
6-12 eQi eqDaggerm hLb wkiumli gyDaggerL `ya I macrrsquovqx Dfq cOumlKvi `vuZ we`umlgvb ZLb hw`
`vuDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo (Cross bite) daggerewk Kvgo (Deep bite) dagger`Lv hvq ZDaggere
Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRbxq eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggereb hvDaggerZ fwelumlDaggerZ KvgocedilDaggerjv AvDaggeriv Lvivc -Gi w`DaggerK
bv hvq|
`ya `vuZ me cDaggero hvevi ci I macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVvi ci AvuKv evuKv DuPz -bxPz `vuZ wVK
Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS Removable Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ
ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere) ev Fixed Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere bv) w`Daggerq
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb|
ADaggerbDaggerKiB gDaggerbB cOumlkœ _vDaggerK daggerh daggerewk eqDaggerm Orthodontic wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere wKbv|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuZ nvo I GDagger`i mvDagger_ mcurrenuacuteKcopyhysup3 structure cedilDaggerjv fvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZDaggere daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv Kiv mcurrencente|
cOumlvszlig eqDaggerm hw` DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj hw` Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes daggercDaggerq _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv
wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj kjuml wPwKrmvi Oslashvimacrrsquo nDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi mdjZv wbfcopyi KDaggeri wPwKrmDaggerKi AwfAacuteZv daggerivMx I Zvi
AwffveDaggerKi mnDaggerhvwMZv I mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi Dci|
gDaggerb ivLDaggereb mgDaggerqi GK daggerdvuo AmgDaggerqi `k daggerdvuo| mwVK mgDaggerq mwVK KvRwU KiDaggerj
Avcwb daggerh djvdj cvDaggereb dagger`ix KDaggeri KvRwU KiDaggerj daggermB djvdj Avcwb bvI daggercDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
Avcbvi daggerKvb wbKURDaggerbi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj mwVK mgDaggerq Orthodontist
Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggerZ fyjDaggereb bv daggerhb|
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Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Dci Bracket
ev Brace covDaggerbv _vDaggerK| Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq
Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv wbDagger`kcopyvejx wVKgZ daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj wPwKrmv cieZcopyx RwUjZv dagger`Lv
dagger`evi mcurrencentvebv LyeB Kg|
Fixed Orthodontic treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq gyL I `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZ weDaggerkl hZœ wbDaggerZ
nDaggere| daggerhme welDaggerqi Dci daggerewk daggerewk bRi ivLDaggerZ nDaggere Zv bxDaggerP dagger`qv nDaggerjvt
1 daggerhw`b daggerivMxi gyDaggerL Bracket emvDaggerbv nDaggere Zvici dagger_DaggerK 24 NrsaquoUv chcopyšmdash ksup3 Lvevi
LvIqv DwPZ bq| GDaggerZ Bracket LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| H 24 NrsaquoUv Lye daggerRvDaggeri daggerRvDaggeri `vuZ
eordfvk Kiv I DwPZ bq| daggerivMx Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv civgkcopy Abyhvqx `vuZ eordfvk
KiDaggere I macr^vfvweK Lvevi LvDaggere|
2 Bracket covDaggerbvi 2-3 w`b chcopyšmdash daggerivMxi GKUz Amacr^wmacrmdash nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GDaggerZ fDaggerqi wKQy
daggerbB| gyDaggerL bZzb wKQy wRwbm emvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2-3 w`b ci Zv AfumlvDaggerm cwiYZ nDaggerq
hvDaggere|
3 cOumlwZevi Lvevi LvIqvi ci AekumlB `vuZ fvDaggerjvfvDaggere eordfvk KiDaggerZ nDaggere| mKvDaggerj I ivDaggerZ
daggerdnotvivBW hysup3 Uz_Daggercdivide w`Daggerq `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggere| Abumlvbuml mgq Uz_ daggercoacute Qvov eordfvk KiDaggerjI
PjDaggere|
4 cOumlwZ wZb (3) gvm ci ci Uz_eordfvk e`j KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Uz_eordfvDaggerki weordfmampjcedilDaggerjv daggerhb big
(Medium soft) nq Zv daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
5 Bracket ev appliance -Gi Dci bxDaggerP 45 daggerKvDaggerY eordfvk aDaggeri `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
6 Lye daggerRvDaggeri Pvc w`Daggerq eordfvk Kiv hvDaggere bv| GDaggerZ KDaggeri Appliance LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
7 `vuDaggerZi daggerh cvDaggerk Appliance AvDaggerQ daggermB cvDaggerk Appliance -Gi Dci AvjDaggerZvfvDaggere
NywiDaggerq NywiDaggerq eordfvk KDaggeri `vuZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| `vuDaggerZi Abumlvbuml cvkcedilDaggerjvI daggerhb
fvDaggerjvfvDaggere cwireglsaquovi Kiv nq daggermw`DaggerK daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
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8 cOumlwZevi Lvevi Gi ci eordfvk Kiv mcurrencente bv nDaggerj LyefvDaggerjv KDaggeri KzjKzwP KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
9 `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerSi gqjv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Dental Floss eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
DaggerKvb KvwV ev myuB w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerLvPvDaggerbv hvDaggere bv|
10 wRnŸv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Tongue Cleanser eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
11 cOumlDaggerqvRDaggerb fvDaggerjv Mouth Wash eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere ZDaggerewPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy
Abyhvqx|
12 `vuDaggerZi gvwo Avfrac12yj w`Daggerq Massage Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
13 daggerKvb appliance daggerfDaggerfrac12 daggerMDaggerj ev LyDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ev Appliance Gi KviDaggerY gyDaggerL daggerKvb
mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj dagger`ix bv KDaggeri mDaggerfrac12 mDaggerfrac12 Orthondontist-Gi civgkcopy wbDaggerZ nDaggere|
14 wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq ksup3 Lvevi (nvo AvL) LvIqv cwinvi KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
15 AvVvDaggerjv RvZxq Lvevi (PzBs Mvg) LvIqv ev` w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
16 daggercqviv AvDaggercj ev daggerh daggerKvb ksup3 Lvevi Kvgo w`Daggerq bv daggerLDaggerq daggerQvU daggerQvU UzKiv KDaggeri
daggerLDaggerZ nDaggere|
17 Orthodontist DaggerhfvDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK AvmDaggerZ ejDaggereb (1gvm ci ci) AekumlB Zv cvjb
KiDaggerZ nDaggere| bv nDaggerj daggerivMxi wPwKrmv daggerkl nDaggerZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi daggerewk jvMDaggere|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbPz `vuZ wVK Kivi Rbuml daggerhgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Oslashviv mwVK wPwKrmv daggerZgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerivMx Ges daggerivMxi AwffveDaggerKi
mnDaggerhvwMZv Ges Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy Abyhvqx Pjv| ZDaggereB DaggerivMx wPwKrmv DaggerkDaggerl cvDaggere
KvwldquoparaZ myrsaquo`i `vuZ|
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mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
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mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ dnotwms
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daggerQvAElig GKwU evMvDaggerb hw` ADaggerbKcedilDaggerjv MvQ daggereDaggero DVDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZDaggere ADaggerbK MvDaggerQi macr^vfvweK ebdquowtimes
weboacute nq Ges evMvbwU wKQyw`b ci Nb Rfrac12Daggerj cwiYZ nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK| ZLb hw` daggermLvb
dagger_DaggerK wKQy MvQ daggerKDaggerU daggerdjv nq ZDaggere evMvbwUi evKxMvQcedilDaggerjv iparav daggercDaggerq macr^vfvweKfvDaggere daggereDaggero
DVDaggere|
daggerZgwb gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerh cwigvY RvqMv AvDaggerQ Zvi daggerPDaggerq hw` `vuDaggerZi msLumlv daggerewk wKsev
`vuZ Lye daggerekx AvuKv evKv DuPz `uvZ _vKDaggerj ZDaggere Zv wVK KDaggeri `vuZDaggerK mywebumlvmacrmdash myrsaquo`i KDaggeri
daggerZvjvi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgq daggerivMxi wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB daggerivMx ev
Zvi AwffveK `vuZ daggerZvjvi K_v iumlbDaggerj fq cvq| Zviv fvDaggere `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ ADaggerbK euml_v
jvMDaggere ev daggerPvDaggerLi daggereordfBDaggerbi hw` daggerKvb parawZ nq| Zviv Orthodontist daggerK `vuZ bv ZzDaggerj
wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml AbyDaggeriva KDaggeri _vDaggerK| wKšlsquo ZvDagger`i G mKj aviYv mcurrenuacute~Ycopy Ag~jK| `vuZ
ZzjDaggerj daggerPvDaggerLi ev daggereordfBDaggerbi daggerKvb parawZ nqbv| GKRb AwfAacute wPwKrmK ZvB KiDaggereb hv KiDaggerj
daggerivMxi wPwKrmv fvDaggerjvfvDaggere mcurrenuacutebœ nDaggere Ges daggerivMx I Zvi AwffveK mšlsquowoacute jvf KiDaggere| Avi
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM wbw copyoacute rsquovb fvDaggerjvfvDaggere Aek KDaggeri wbDaggerj Ges wPwKrmDaggerKi dagger`qv DcDagger`k `vuZ
daggerZvjvi w`b I cieZcopyx KDaggerqKw`b mwVKfvDaggere daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj `vuZ daggerZvjvi ci daggerivMxi daggerZgb daggerKvb
Amyweav nq bv ejDaggerjB PDaggerj|
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`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM
`vuZ daggerZvjvi cDaggeri
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ADaggerbDaggerKB AvDaggerQb hviv ivDaggerZ NygvDaggerbvi AvDaggerM Ges mKvDaggerj bvmacrmdashv Lvevi ci `vuZ eordfvk
KDaggerib `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Kvj wejcurren^ bv KDaggeri `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggerib
`vuDaggerZi mymacrrsquoZvi Rbuml hv hv `iKvi Zviv Zv-B KDaggerib| GmeB nDaggerjv fvDaggerjv Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi
Rbuml LyeB DcKvix|
wKšlsquo Ggb wKQy Afumlvm AvDaggerQ hv gyL I `vuDaggerZi macr^vDaggermacrrsquoumli Rbuml LyeB parawZKi| Gme
e`AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi bvbv aiDaggerYi mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q| GB AfumlvmcedilDaggerjvi gDaggerauml Avfrac12yj
daggerPvlv wRnŸampv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv ev daggerVjv dagger`Iqv daggerKvb mgmumlv bv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI gyL w`Daggerq wbkbrvbarvm
daggerbqv daggerVvuU I bL KvgovDaggerbv AbumlZg|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK| evev gv hw` GUv daggerLqvj KDaggerib ZDaggere wkiumlDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere daggerh Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv Lvivc| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz nDaggerq hvq ADaggerbK mgq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bvI coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Open bite) bxDaggerPi
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daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZcedilDaggerjv msKzwPZ nDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK hZUzKz daggerXDaggerK ivLv
DwPZ Zv KDaggerg daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerbvi ci I hw` Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm bv KDaggerg ZDaggere wkiumli 2-3 eQi eqm
chcopyšmdash ADaggercparav KiDaggerZ nDaggere| ADaggerbK mgq 3 eQi eqDaggermi ci wkiumli GB Afumlvm PDaggerj hvq|
ZviciI hw` wkiuml G Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere GKRb AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12
civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| wPwKrmK `iKvi gDaggerb nDaggerj daggerKvb Appliance ev hšiquest w`Daggereb hv
wkiumlDaggerK GB Afumlvm `~i KiDaggerZ mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wkiumli hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK ZDaggere DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DPuy nDaggerq hvq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bv coDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerivMx gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri
wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq Avcbvi daggermvbvgwbi hw` Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml
parawZKi ZDaggere cOuml_DaggergB ZvDaggerK eySvb| ZvDaggerZ KvR bv nDaggerj Aemacrrsquov hvDaggerZ AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv
hvq daggermRbuml AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy Kisbquob|
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OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
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CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
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KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
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GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
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ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
61
daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
15
`uvDaggerZi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb wbfcopyi KDaggeri `vuDaggerZi AKnotzmb ev DcDaggerii cvwUi `uvZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi
`uvDaggerZi Kvgo Gi Dci| cOumlKhellipZ ADagger_copy `uvDaggerZi AKnotzmb gvDaggerb nDagger‛Q DcDaggerii cvwUi `uvDaggerZi mvDagger_
bxDaggerPi cvwUi `uvDaggerZi mcurrenuacuteKcopy hLb cvwUOslashq Kvgo dagger`qv ZvDagger`i c~bvcopysM msDaggerhvDaggerM (Cuspal
Occlusion) G iDaggerqDaggerQ|
hLb uvZ Ges `uvDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ Kvgo Zvi meDaggerPDaggerq mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb iDaggerqDaggerQ GgbwK mcurrenuacute~bcopy
KgcopyKZvcopy cwicyYcopy KDaggeri Ges `bdquowoacutebrsaquo`b ZvDaggerK `uvDaggerZi macr^vfvweK Kvgo ev bigvj AKnotzmb eDaggerj|
Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc 1-2wU `uvDaggerZ Aiacute Amacr^vfvweKZv _vKDaggerj I _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
`uvDaggerZi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb`uvDaggerZi macr^vfvweK Kvgo Gi kZcopycedilDaggerjv wbgœiƒc-
1| bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZ cedilDaggerjv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZ MyDaggerjvi Zzjbvq msLumlvMZ w`K w`Daggerq
GKUz mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere| Zvi Kvib nDaggerjv bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZcedilDaggerjv DcDaggerii
daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `uvDaggerZi daggerPDaggerq AvuKvDaggeri daggerQvU|
2| DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZ cedilDaggerjv GKwU wbw`copyoacute `yiZiexcl I KvgDaggeroi gvaumlDaggerg mvgDaggerb Ges wcQDaggerb
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `uvZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK daggerXDaggerK ivLDaggere|
3| DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclb `uvZ (1st) Gi mvgDaggerb Ges evwnDaggerii w`DaggerK DPuy Ask wU
(Mesio Buccal Cusp) wbDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclb `uvDaggerZi mvgDaggerb Ges evwnDaggerii
gvSvgvwS daggerh uvDaggerZ bumlvq RvqMvq (Buccal Groove) Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
4| DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerQ`b `uvZ wbDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerQ`b Ges AMOumlDaggerclb (1st Premolar)
Gi gaumleZxcopy dvuKv macrrsquovDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
5| wbDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji KZcopyb `uvDaggerZi wKbviv (Incisal Edge) DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji KZcopyb `uvDaggerZi
cbdquoocircDagger`k (Zvjyi w`DaggerK) Gi gaumleZxcopy macrrsquovDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere| hv nDaggerZ nDaggere mwVK `yiZiexcl Ges
mwVK Kvgo mcurrenuacutebœ|
ZvnDaggerj dagger`ix daggerKb Gparazbx 1 wgwbU Avqbvi mvgDaggerb `vwoDaggerq dagger`DaggerL daggerbB AvgvDagger`i `uvZ Ges
`uvDaggerZi Kvgo Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb iDaggerqDaggerQ wK bv
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GKwesk kZvatildexDaggerZ wPwKrmv weAacutevb DbœwZi Pig wkLDaggeri Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerQ| GB DbœwZi
daggerRvqvDaggerii mvDagger_ Zvj wgwjDaggerq `šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi AbumlZg cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy kvLv ADagger_vcopyWbwmqv I
GLb AvDaggeriv DbœZ| bvbvwea RwUj mgmumlvi mgvavb nDagger‛Q ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg|
Avmyb Avgiv cwiwPZ nB KZcedilDaggerjv cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy mgmumlvi mDaggerfrac12 hvi mgvavb Lye mnDaggerRB wPwKrmvi
gvaumlDaggerg Kiv hvq|
1 microvDwWs Crowding
GB aiDaggerYi mgmumlvq dagger`Lv hvq daggerPvqvDaggerj `vuZcedilDaggerjv AvuKv evuKv nDaggerq Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerQ ev
daggerPvqvDaggerj chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKvi KviDaggerY GK `vuZ Abuml `vuDaggerZi Dci DDaggerV daggerMDaggerQ|
microvDwWs Crowding
2 daggermacruacutewms (Spacing)
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS
dvuKv RvqMv _vKv|
17
3 wWmDaggercshymDaggergrsaquoU (Displacement)
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq GKwU `vuDaggerZi daggerh RvqMvq Aemacrrsquovb Kivi K_v daggermLvb dagger_DaggerK mDaggeri Abuml
RvqMvq PDaggerj hvq|
wWmDaggercshymDaggergrsaquoU
(Displacement)
4 GKDaggerUvwcK Bivcmb (Ectopic Eruption)
`vuZ Zvi wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV Abuml daggerKvb `vuDaggerZi RvqMvq ev Abuml daggerKvb
Amacr^vfvweK AemacrrsquovDaggerb DDaggerV|
GKDaggerUvwcK Bivcmb
(Ectopic Eruption)
5 Cross Bite ev DDaggereumlv Kvgo Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii daggerPqvDaggerji
mvgDaggerbi `vuZ cedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `uvZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL Ges DcDaggerii
daggerPvqvDaggerji wcQDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ mvgvbuml evBDaggerii
18
w`DaggerK _vDaggerK| GDaggerK Normal Bite ev macr^vfvweK Kvgo eDaggerj| GB Aemacrrsquovi DDaggereumlvwU hLb
NDaggerU ZLb ZvDaggerK Cross Bite ev DDaggereumlv Kvgo eDaggerj|
Cross Bite
ev DDaggereumlv Kvgo
6 (IDaggercb evBU) Open bite
Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerii cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi daggerPqvDaggerji
cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi GKwU macruacutekcopy _vDaggerK| daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` Kvgo dagger`qv Ae rsquovq DcDaggerii cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi msmacruacutekcopy bv _vDaggerK Ges Gi dDaggerj `yB cvwU `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS
dvuKv _vDaggerK ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Open bite eDaggerj|
IDaggercb evBU
(Open bite)
7 wWc evBU (Deep bite)
Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi
GK ZhellipZxqvsk daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL| wKšlsquo daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi cyDaggerivUv daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL ZLb ZvDaggerK Deep bite ev daggerewk Kvgo eDaggerj|
19
(wWc evBU) Deep bite
8 Knotvm 2 gumlvjAKnotzmb
(Class II malocclusion Division 1) GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ macr^vfvweDaggerKi daggerPDaggerq ADaggerbK mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| DcDaggerii cvwUcopyi mvgDaggerbi
`vZcedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK DuPz nq|
Knotvm 2 wWwfkb 1 gumlvjAvKnotzmb
11 Knotvm 3 gumlvjAKnotzmb (Class III Malocclusion)
20
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi cvwcopyUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL
ev DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi Inscisal Edge GDaggerK AcDaggerii DcDaggeri Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| hvDaggerK
Edge To Edge Bite eDaggerj|
Knotvm 3 gumlvjAKnotzmb
12 Zvjy KvUv I daggerVvuU KvUv t
GwU GKwU RbyenMZ mgmumlv ADaggerbDaggerK iumlay daggerVvU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv Avevi ADaggerbDaggerK Dfq
mgmumlv wbDaggerqB RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| AwfAacute wPwKrmKebdquoDaggerrsaquo`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutevi gvaumlDaggerg mwVK
mgDaggerq mwVK wPwKrmv w`Daggerq daggerVvuU I Zvjy KvUv fvDaggerjv Kiv AvRKvj daggerKvb mgmumlvB bq|
21
Zvjy KvUv
daggerVvuU KvUv
DcDaggerii AvDaggerjvPbvq Avwg wKQy mgmumlv Lye mnR fvlvq AvcbvDagger`i eySvDaggerZ daggerPoacutev KDaggeriwQ|
GmKj mgmumlvi mswparaszlig weeiY wfZDaggerii cOumlwZwU AaumlvDaggerq dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev KiwQ|
22
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PROF IIDA JUN ICHI RO DR SAGOR amp
PROF TT YAMAMOTO AT KOREA
23
At IADR Seminar USA
Avcwb nqDaggerZvev Avcbvi wbDaggerRi A_ev daggerKvb wcOumlqRDaggerbi AvuKv evuKv `vuZ wbDaggerq LyeB
`ywethšmdashvMOumlmacr mdash| mywPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg Orthodontist AvcbvDaggerK GB `ywethšmdashv dagger_DaggerK gysup3 KiDaggerZ
cvDaggerib| wKšlsquo Avcwb wK RvDaggerbb daggerKb `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPz bxPz nq Avmyb bxDaggerPi AvDaggerjvPbvi
gvaumlDaggerg Avgiv cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy GB cOumlkœwUi DEumli LyuDaggerR daggerbB|
wewfbœ wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv wewfbœfvDaggere `vuZ AvuKv-evuKv nevi KviY mg~nDaggerK daggerkordfYxetimes
KDaggeriDaggerQb| AvcbvDagger`i Rvbvi myweavDagger_copy Lye mnR fvlvq `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi KviY mg~n wbDaggerP
dagger`qv njt
1| RbyenMZ KviY t K) wkiuml hw` daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| L) wkiumli
RDaggerbyeni mgq gv_vq AvNvZ daggercDaggerj| M) wewfbœ JlDaggerai cvkbrvbarcopy cOumlwZmicroqvi Rbuml|
2| eskMZ KviDaggerYt daggerPvqvj Lye daggerewk eo ev daggerQvU nDaggerj| daggerPvqvDaggerj me `vuZ aDaggeri
ivLvi gZ chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKDaggerj|
3| niDaggergvDaggerbi wewfbœ mgmumlv daggerhgbt Cretinism acromegali _vKDaggerj|
4| daggerPvqvj ev `vuDaggerZi bxDaggerP daggerKvb wUDgvi _vKDaggerj ev AvNvZ daggercDaggerj|
5| fyj ctimeswZDaggerZ Lvevi wMjDaggerj (Improper Swallowing)|
6| gyDaggerL daggerKvb `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKDaggerj|
7| `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AvKhellipwZ Amacr^vfvweK nDaggerj|
8| gyDaggerL AwZwisup3 daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj|
9| DaggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi gDaggerauml jydegvwqZ _vKDaggerj|
10| wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya `vuZ daggerdDaggerj w`Daggerj|
11| `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi ciI ADaggerbKw`b aDaggeri gyDaggerL Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerj|
12| macrrsquovqx daggerKvb `vuZ bv _vKDaggerj|
13| macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVDaggerZ dagger`ix KiDaggerj|
14| AvNvZ daggercDaggerj|
15| DaggerKvb `vuZ mnRfvDaggere DVDaggerZ euml_copy nDaggerj|
16| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv dagger`qv cOumlfbdquowZ AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi
cOumlavb KviYmg~nDaggerZv RvbDaggerjb| Avmyb bv Rvbv AacutevbUvDaggerK KvDaggerR jvMvB| DcDaggerivsup3
24
KviYmg~n hw` KvDaggeriv gvDaggerS dagger`LDaggerZ cvB ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY
KiDaggerZ ewj|
hLb KvDaggeriv gv_vq PzDaggerji cwigvb macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ Kg _vDaggerK ZLb ZvDaggerK KZB bv
`ywethšmdashv MOumlmacr mdash dagger`Lvq| gv_vi Pzjwenxb dvuKv macrrsquovb wKfvDaggere `~i Kiv hvq Zv wbDaggerq daggerhb wPšmdashvi daggerkl
_vDaggerK bv| wVK daggerZgwbfvDaggere wKQy gvbyDaggerli `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMv dagger`Lv hvq| ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcirc
Zviv Abuml gvbyDaggerli mvgDaggerb K_v ejDaggerZ GgbwK cOumlvb LyDaggerj nvmDaggerZI Amacr^wmacrmdash daggereva KDaggeri| hviv dvuKv
`vuDaggerZi mgmumlv fyMDaggerQb ZvDagger`i `ywethšmdashvi w`b daggerkl| ADagger_copyvWbwUKm wPwKrmvi KjumlvDaggerb dvuKv
`vuDaggerZi wPwKrmv GLb Avi daggerKvb mgmumlvB bq|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy
wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
25
mvaviY ADagger_copy Spacing ejDaggerZ Avgiv dvuKv macrrsquovb eywS| wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi fvlvq hLb
g yDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb daggerKvb `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMv _vDaggerK ZLb ZvDaggerK Spacing eDaggerj|
cOumlKviDaggerf` t Spacing `yB aiDaggerYi nDaggerq _vDaggerK|
1) Generalized Spacing daggerPvqvDaggerji me ev AwaKvsk `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv
_vKDaggerj|
2) Localized Spacing `yB ev ZDaggerZvwaK `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerj|
DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `ywU `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerj ZvDaggerK Median
Diastema eDaggerj|
Spacing ev dvuKvi KviY t
1 daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq `vuDaggerZi AvKvi hw` daggerQvU nq
2 RbyenMZfvDaggere daggerKvb `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKDaggerj|
3 Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj|
4 DaggerKvb `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AwZ paraz`ordf nDaggerj|
5 `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerj|
6 wmdivide wUDgvi _vKDaggerj|
7 wRnŸv eo _vKDaggerj| (macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ)
8 `vuZ wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK NyDaggeri daggerMDaggerj
9 GQvov daggerVuvU ev MvDaggerji KviDaggerY A_ev AwZwisup3 daggerKvb `vuZ gyDaggerL _vKDaggerj Zv cvDaggerki
`vuZDaggerK Pressure w`Daggerq mwiDaggerq Spacing KDaggeri|
Spacing wKfvDaggere wbYcopyq Kiv nq t
K) DaggerivMxi gyL MnŸi chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri
L) DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZiƒc ev Model dagger`DaggerL
M) x-ray dagger`DaggerL|
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Spacing Gi Amyweav mg~nt
duvKv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI daggerivMxi Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv K_v ejvi
mgq daggerKvb daggerKvb katilde macruacuteoacutefvDaggere D‛PviDaggerY mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt
Spacing Gi wPwKrmv Kivi c~Daggerecopy daggerivMxi BwZnvm fvDaggerjvfvDaggere RvbDaggerZ nDaggere Ges
Spacing Gi mcurrencentveuml KviY mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggerZ nDaggere| hw` daggerivMxi Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK
hvi Rbuml `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMvi mbdquowoacute nDagger‛Q ZDaggere daggermB Afumlvm ev` dagger`qvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| ZviciI hw` daggerivMx Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere Habit breaking
appliance eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere| daggerKvb
TumourCyst _vKDaggerj Zv AcmviY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Spacing hw` Lye mvgvbuml cwigvDaggerY nq
Ges daggerivMxi hw` daggerKvb AwfDaggerhvM bv _vDaggerK ZDaggere wPwKrmv bv KivDaggerj I PDaggerj| ZDaggere Spacing
ADaggerbK daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontics wPwKrmv jvMDaggere| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri
wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wK aiDaggerYi wPwKrmv w`Daggereb| Spacing wVK Kivi Rbuml yB aiDaggerYi hšiquest ev
appliance use Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Removable Appliance)
Orthodontist `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ Fixed KDaggeri Appliance wU jvwMDaggerq w`Daggereb
(Fixed appliance) hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggerebv|
hw` `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mvgvbuml dvuKv _vDaggerK ZDaggere `vuDaggerZi iDaggerOi mvDagger_ wgwjDaggerq Filling Kiv
daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
GQvov gyDaggerLi Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS KhellipwIcircg `vuZ ewmDaggerq I Spacing Correction Kiv hvq| DaggerZv
Avcbvi hw` _vDaggerK dvuKv `vuDaggerZi mgmumlv ZDaggere PDaggerj Avmyb AwfAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ| wPwKrmv
KwiDaggerq `vuDaggerZi dvuKv wVK Kisbquob cOumlvY LyDaggerj nvmyb Avi nDaggerq DVyb AvKlcopyYxq|
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mvaviYfvDaggere Crowding ejDaggerZ daggerKvb wKQyi AvwaKumlDaggerK daggerevSvq| wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi
fvlvq gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKvi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi macr^vfvweK webumlvm evavMOumlmacrrsquo nDaggerq daggerh
wekbdquoldquoLjZv mbdquowoacute nq ZvDaggerK Crowding eDaggerj|
KviYmg~nt wewfbœ KviDaggerY gyDaggerL Crowding nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Zvi gDaggerauml DDaggerjshyLDaggerhvMuml
KviYmg~n bxDaggerP Dagger`qv njt
1 gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AvKhellipwZi mvgAumlmuml bv _vKDaggerj|
2 `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj|
3 `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi ADaggerbK AvDaggerM cDaggero daggerMDaggerj
4 macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVDaggerZ dagger`ix nDaggerj
5 AvNvZ daggercDaggerj
6 DaggerKvb `vuZ evowZ _vKDaggerj
7 Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj
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8 daggerPvqvj macr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes bv daggercDaggerj
Crowding wbYcopyqt
1 daggerivMxi gyLMnŸi chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri|
2 DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Model ev cOumlwZiƒc dagger`DaggerL
3 GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL|
Crowding Gi djvdj t
`vuDaggerZi Dci cOumlfvet Gi dDaggerj `vuZ Zvi wbDaggerRi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK NyDaggeri daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri
`vuZ daggernDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri GgbwK daggerKvb daggerKvb `vuZ bvI DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Dci cOumlfve t
1 DaggerivMx mvgvwRKfvDaggere wewfbœ mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
2 DaggermŠrsaquo`hcopynvwb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
3 `vuZ wVKgZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ bv cvivi KviDaggerY `vuZ I gvwoi wewfbœ daggerivDaggerM Avmicrovšmdash
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
4 nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmv t
1 cOumlwZDaggerivag~jK eumlemacrrsquovt
hw` daggerivMxi cwievDaggeri KvDaggeriv `vuDaggerZ Crowding _vDaggerK ZDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist-Gi chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ covi mwVK mgq bv Avmv chcopyšmdash `ya `vuZDaggerK msiparaY Kivi daggerPoacutev KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggerKvb paraqDaggerivM dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerZ daggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml
boacute bv nq|
Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj ZumlvM KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ mwVK mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj Zv wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq daggerdDaggerj dagger`qvi eumlemacrrsquov KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
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gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere avivevwnKfvDaggere wbw`copyoacute wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerK
wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi fvlvq Serial extraction ejv nq|
2 msDaggerkvab g~jK eumlemacrrsquov t
K) DaggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml evovDaggerbv
DaggerPvqvjDaggerK cOumlmvwiZ Kiv
mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK wKQyUv DuPz Kiv
Daggergvjvi `vuZDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerUDaggerb Daggerbqv
vuDaggerZi AvKvi daggerQvU KDaggeri daggerdjv
`vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjv t
Crowding Gi cwigvY Lye daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontist wVK KiDaggereb daggerKvb `vuZwU
daggerdjDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
Crowding Lye daggerewk nDaggerj ev gvSvwi aiDaggerYi nDaggerj Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggerq
Removable ev Fixed daggerh daggerKvb GK aiDaggerYi appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggereb|
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Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi
msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy AvDaggerm| wKšlsquo daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` DcDaggerii cvwUcopyi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy bv
AvDaggerm Ges Gi dDaggerj DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi cvwUcopyi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mecopy`v dvuKv macrrsquovb _vDaggerK Ges gyL
mcurrenuacute~YcopyiƒDaggerc eUuml bv nq ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Open Bite eDaggerj|
mvaviYfvDaggere Open Bite ejDaggerZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi
Kvgo bv jvMvDaggerK daggerevSvq|
Open bite mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ ev wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Open Bite Gi KviY
mg~nt Avfrac12yj weDaggerkl KDaggeri ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Open bite nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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wRnŸv macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ eo _vKDaggerj ev hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjvavdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm
_vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS _vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi
DcDaggerii AsDaggerk (occlusal surface) -G _vDaggerK ZDaggere Open Bite nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
G Qvov daggerivMx hw` Bony Dysplasia Congenital wmwdwjm BZumlvw` daggerivDaggerM fyDaggerM
_vDaggerK ZDaggereI Open bite Gi mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt Open bite Gi wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml mecopycOuml_g daggerivMxDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOuml_Daggerg Open bite nevi KviY
mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggereb| hw` daggerivMxi Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK
ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm `~i Kivi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb
KDaggerib ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm ~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance)
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib daggerivMxDaggerK|
Open bite hw` gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj hvq ZDaggere Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontic
appliance eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri hv Fixed ev Removable daggerh daggerKvb iKgB
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
hw` daggerPvqvDaggerji nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Open bite dagger`Lv hvq Ges daggerivMxi eqm hw` 6-12 eQi
nq ZDaggere Chin cap (Chin cap bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi ev bxDaggerPi w`DaggerKi ebdquowtimes
nIqvDaggerK cOumlwZDaggeriva KDaggeri) Gi mvDagger_ High pull head gear eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nevi ci Ges macrrsquovqx `vuZ me DVvi ci daggerPvqvDaggerji Amacr^vfvweK
ebdquowtimesRwbZ KviDaggerY daggerh Open bite nq Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Surgery Kiv DaggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq KvDaggeriv Open bite Gi mgmumlv _vKDaggerj AvovDaggerj Zvi mgvDaggerjvPbv bv
KDaggeri AvgvDagger`i mKDaggerji DwPZ ZvDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ
ejv| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cieZcopyx KiYxq mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy ejDaggerZ cviDaggereb| Zvui
civgkcopy Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY KiDaggerj Open bite wbivgq Kiv mcurrencente|
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`šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv Class II Malocclusion DaggerK `yB fvDaggerM fvM KDaggeriDaggerQb|
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion
2 Class II division 2 malocclusion
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion t
hw` KvDaggeriv daggerclY `vuDaggerZi mcurrenuacuteKcopy (Molar relation) Class II _vDaggerK Ges DcDaggerii
DaggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZ cedilDaggerjv DPz _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv Class II Division 1 Gi Ašmdashfycopysup3|
Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK
(Convex profile) DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ daggerewk daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL
DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK daggerewk mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| `vuZ DuPz nevi KviDaggerY
daggerivMx ADaggerbK mgq `yB daggerVuvU eUuml KiDaggerZ cvDaggeribv|
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2 Class II division 2 Malocclusion
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc Molar Relation Class II _vKDaggere A_copyvr DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev
Molar `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev Molar `vuDaggerZi dagger_DaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ mvgDaggerb
Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv wKQyUv wfZDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb
KiDaggere| mvaviYZ DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj GKB iKg AemacrrsquovDaggerb _vKDaggere (Straight Profile)
DcDaggerii `vuZcedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK cyDaggerivUv daggerXDaggerK ivLDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`ix bv KDaggeri GKRb Orthodontist daggerK Rvbvb|
Orthodontist wewfbœ chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri wPwKrmv ctimeswZ wVK KiDaggereb|
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Avcbvi AvDaggerk cvDaggerki gvbylcedilDaggerjvDaggerK GKUz fvDaggerjvfvDaggere jpara KiDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggereb daggerewki
fvM gvbyDaggerliB DcDaggeri daggerPvqvj Ges DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji
`vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ mvgvbuml GKUz mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK| Ges GUvB nDaggerjv macr^vfvweK| wKšlsquo wKQy gvbyDaggerli
daggerparaDaggerIcirc Gi DDaggereumlvUv dagger`Lv dagger`q| A_copyvr ZvDagger`i bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK _vDaggerK DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj ev DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ| GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi
fvlvq eDaggerj Class III malocclusion|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
`yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| 1Uv nDaggerjv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY| GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii
cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
35
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi
MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb dagger`DaggerL GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wKfvDaggere wPwKrmv KiDaggerj
daggerivMx mDaggerecopyvEumlg djvdj cvq|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion nq ZDaggere Orthodontic
Treatment A_copyvr iumlaygvIcirc Brace cwoDaggerqB wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere evošmdash ev cwiYZ daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB| ZDaggere Lye daggerewk eqDaggerm wPwKrmv KivDaggerj wPwKrmvi mgq daggereDaggero hvDaggere|
hw` evošmdash eqDaggerm nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion dagger`Lv dagger`q ZDaggere
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvjDaggerK mvgDaggerb Avbvi Rbuml ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvjDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerbqvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK wewfbœ
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aiDaggerYi hšiquest dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri eumlenvDaggerii Rbuml| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Face Mask Chin Cap DDaggerjshyL
daggerhvMuml|
hw` cwiYZ eqDaggerm gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerqi Class III malocclusion hv nvDaggerii MVDaggerbi
KviDaggerY nDaggerqDaggerQ Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ ZDaggere kjuml wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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evBgumlvmiddot
evBgvmiddot `y aiDaggerbi nq| evBgumlvwmiddotjvix cOumlUzordfmb Ges evBgumlvwmiddot jvix cOumlwKnotDaggerbmb| wK KwVb
katilde| Avmyb Lye mnDaggerR daggerRDaggerb daggerbB `uvZ I gvwoi Avi GK mgmumlv hvi bvg evBgvmiddot|
evBgumlvmiddot mgmumlvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj wKsev `uvZ wKsev DfqB mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK DPzu _vDaggerK| dDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv daggerVvU DPzu nDaggerq _vKv GgbwK gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ
cviv mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
mvavibZ `uvZ hw` Zzjbvg~jK fvDaggere eo GgbwK daggerPvqvj jcurren^v wKsev daggerXvK wMjvi mgq
wRnev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK Amacr^vfvweK fvDaggere `uvZDaggerK mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK daggerVjv w`Daggerj GB aiDaggerbi mgmumlv nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| NveovDaggerbvi wKQzB daggerbB GB mgmumlvi mgvavb Lye myrsaquo`i KDaggeri GK AwfAacute ADagger_copyDaggerWbwUdivide
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib| gDaggerb ivLDaggerZ nDaggere cOumlv_wgK Aemacrrsquovq GB mgmumlvi mgvavb KiDaggerj ZZUv RwUjZv nq
bv| eDaggerqvmwUuml KvDaggerji c~Daggere eDaggerqvmmwUuml KvDaggerji mgq Ges cDaggeri wPwKrmv eumlemacrrsquov cbdquo_K cbdquo_K nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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myrsaquo`Daggerii c~Rvix mKDaggerjB ZvB GB mgmumlv mgvavb KDaggeri
Avcwb nDaggerq DVyb myrsaquo`i `uvZ I nvwmi AwaKvix
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daggerMR `vuZ(High Canine) DPz KZcopyb `vuZ t
AvgvDagger`i gyDaggerL eqm 5 eQi chcopyšmdash daggerh 20 wU `vuZ _vDaggerK Zvi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ
_vDaggerK| eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ 20wU `ya `vuZ hLb cDaggero wMDaggerq macrrsquovqx `vuZ DDaggerV ZLbI daggergvU
32wU `vuDaggerZi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ _vDaggerK| G KZcopyb `uvZcedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi 4wU daggerKvbvq AewmacrrsquoZ| ZvB
GDagger`iDaggerK Corner Stone of mouth eDaggerj| bvg iumlbDaggerjB daggerevSv hvq G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Lv`uml`ordfeumlDaggerK
KZcopyb KiDaggerZ Ges wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri| G `vuZ cedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK kwsup3kvjx| KviY G `vuDaggerZi
GbvDaggergDaggerji cyisbquoZiexcl Daggerewk Ges mvgDaggerbi 4wU `vuDaggerZi (Pecopyb `vuZ-Incisor tooth) ciciB
AewmacrrsquoZ| daggerKvb daggerKvb mgq wewfbœ KviY ekZt G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Zvi wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK wfbœ
AemacrrsquovDaggerb dagger`Lv hvq| hw` G `vuZcedilDaggerjv gvwoi gDaggerauml ev DcDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri ZLb ZvDaggerK
High Canine ev daggerMR `vuZ ejv nq| Avevi KLDaggerbv GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv Zvjyi w`K w`Daggerq DDaggerV|
ZLb GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK Palataly placed canine eDaggerj| Avevi KLDaggerbv I gvwo ev Zvjyi wfZDaggeri
G `vuZ Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| ZLb ZvDaggerK Impacted Canine ejv nq| GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi gDaggerauml
AZxe Risbquoix PviwU `vuZ| GB `vuZ daggerhgb Lv`uml`ordfeuml KZcopyb I wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri cvkvcvwk
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daggerPvqvDaggerji bovPovDaggerK wbqšiquestY KDaggeri| GB `vuZDaggerK Beauty tooth I ejv nq| ZvB G `vuDaggerZi
mvwietimesfvDaggere webumlvm LyeB Risbquoix|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ daggerh KDaggerqKwU mgmumlv ZzDaggerj aiv nDaggerjv G mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi mgvavb LyeB Risbquoix|
hw` daggerKD GiKg daggerKvb mgmumlvq fyDaggerM _vDaggerKb ZDaggere AwfAacute Orthodontist -B nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
Avcbvi myrsaquo`i nvwm wdwiDaggerq dagger`qvi cig eUumlz|
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daggerVvuU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerki wkiumlDagger`i GKwU AbumlZg
mgmumlv| wewfbœ MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv wMDaggerqDaggerQ cOumlwZ 700 RDaggerb 1 Rb daggerVvuU KvUv Ges cOumlwZ 1000 RDaggerb
1 Rb wkiuml Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| daggerVvuU KvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggerQDaggerj wkiumlDagger`i Ges
ZvjyKvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggergDaggerq-wkiumlDagger`i gvDaggerS|
wewfbœ KviDaggerY wkiuml daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri _vDaggerK| kZKiv 25 fvM daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GUv eskMZ KviDaggerY nDaggerq _vDaggerK| hw` 1 Rb ZvjyKvUv daggerivMx 1 Rb mymacrrsquo gvbylDaggerK weDaggerq KDaggeri ZDaggere
ZvDagger`i ev‛Pvi ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kivi mcurrencentvebv kZKiv 2 fvM|
Mfcopyvemacrrsquovi cOuml_g fvDaggerM gv hw` daggerKvb fvBivj BbDaggerdKkDaggerb Avmicrovšmdash nq ev kvixwiKfvDaggere
AvNvZcOumlvszlig nq ev niDaggergvDaggerbi fvimvgumlnxbZvq fyDaggerM ev wfUvwgDaggerbi AfvDaggere fyDaggerM _vDaggerK ev
daggeriwWDaggerqkDaggerb GmiddotDaggercvR nq ev _umlvwjDaggerWvgvBW RvZxq Ilya MOumlnY KDaggeri ZDaggere wkiumli daggerVvuU ev
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| KvDaggerQi AvZyenxq macr^RDaggerbi gvDaggerS weDaggerq nDaggerjI wkiuml G mgmumlv
wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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DaggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq wkiuml RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerj cwieviDaggerK bvbv aiDaggerYi mvgvwRK I gvbwmK
mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ nq| wkiuml hLb GB mgmumlv wbDaggerq eo nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZLb daggermI gvbwmKfvDaggere
nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ _vDaggerK| G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ K_v
ejDaggerZ I iumlbDaggerZ mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| `vuDaggerZi mgmumlvi gDaggerauml hv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Zvi gDaggerauml AbumlZg
nDagger‛Q-wewfbœ `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKv `vuZ wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV gyDaggerLi Abuml daggerKvb RvqMvq
DVv evowZ wKQy `vuZ _vKv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb ksup3 bv nIqv `vuDaggerZi MVb myrsaquo`i bv nIqv
gvwoi wewfbœ mgmumlv `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPy-bxPz nIqv|
daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv daggerivMxDagger`i wPwKrmv weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmKDagger`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutev Qvov mcurrencente
bq| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Orthodontist Gi f~wgKv iumlisbquo nq ev‛Pvi RDaggerbyeni ci ciB| daggerhDaggernZz daggerVvuU I
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv nq daggermRbuml wkiumli RDaggerbyeni ci ciB
gyDaggerLi wfZi covi Rbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b daggerhb wkiumli daggerLDaggerZ
daggerKvb mgmumlv bv nq|
kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wkiumli 3-6 gvm eqDaggerm daggerVvuU I 1-2 eQi eqDaggerm Zvjy wVK KiDaggerZ
nDaggere GKRb AwfAacute kjuml wPwKrmK Oslashviv| kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg daggerVvuU I Zvjy wVK Kivi ci
wkiumli DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj hvDaggerZ msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GK aiDaggerYi
Appliance ev hšiquest bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b|
wkiumli Mixed dentition stage (6-12 eQi eqm) -G gyDaggerL daggerKvb AwZwisup3 `vuZ
_vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GQvov mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Cross bite _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuZ
AvuKv evKv _vKDaggerj ev Molar ev daggerclY `vDaggerZi Relation wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere Removable ev Fixed appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo
KiDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
me macrrsquovqx `vuZ PDaggerj Avmvi ci macrrsquovqxfvDaggere daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Kvgo (Occlusion
improve) wVK Kivi Rbuml Fixed ev Removable appliance w`Daggerq Orthodontist
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb Ges daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggereb|
GB mgDaggerq gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyDaggerK wVK Kivi Rbuml cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj Bony Graft Kiv daggerhDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| Gi dDaggerj Orthodontic treatment Gi daggerh djvdj ZvI Aparazbœ _vKDaggere|
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daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLvi ci Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere daggerivMxDaggerK
Permanent Retainer bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv daggerivMxDaggerK me mgq cDaggero _vKDaggerZ nDaggere|
Amacrlsaquovi weRqx DaggerRvqvDaggerKb wdwbmiddot RDaggerbyeni mgq daggerVvuU KvuUv wQj
daggerVvuU KuvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv daggerKvb Awfkvc bq| mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg
GDaggerK mvwiDaggerq daggerZvjv mcurrencente| `iKvi iumlay mevi mDaggerPZbZv Avi mwVK mgDaggerq weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri daggerm Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY Kiv|
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ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerKvb eqDaggerm iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ Zv AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKiB ARvbv|
ADaggerbK AwffveKB eySDaggerZ cvDaggerib bv wkiumli ADagger_copyvWbwUK mgmumlvi Rbuml daggerKvb eqDaggerm
Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| AAacutevbZvi Rbuml ev Abuml daggerKvb wOslashav-OslashDaggerrsaquo`i
KviDaggerY Zviv ADaggerbK mgqB ADaggerbK dagger`ix KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb wPwKrmvi
Rbuml| dDaggerj wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc wPwKrmvi eumlvwszligKvj daggereDaggero hvq| wKQyDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK
chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc
wPwKrmvi djvdj Avkvbyiƒc nq bv| KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv KZUv
Risbquoix| GLb Avwg ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi eqm mxgv wbDaggerq AvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri AvcbvDagger`i
wKQyUv nDaggerjI aviYv dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev Kie|
AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerk ADaggerbK wkiumlB daggerVvuU ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| Kzmsmacrlsaquoviv‛Qbœ
gvbyliv GDaggerK Awfkvc ev fvDaggerMumli wjLb gDaggerb KDaggeri nvZ cv cedilwUDaggerq eDaggerm _vDaggerK daggerKvb wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri bv| wKšlsquo gDaggerb ivLDaggereb daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumli
AwffveKDagger`i DwPZ RDaggerbyeni ci ciB GKRb AwfAacute Orhodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY Kiv|
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KviY G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i RDaggerbyeni ciB cOumlavb I cOuml_g daggerh mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q Zv nDaggerjv Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mgmumlv| Orthodontist Gmgq GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv wkiumlDaggerK Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml LyeB parawZKi GKwU Afumlvm|
mvaviYZ `yB dagger_DaggerK wZb eQi eqDaggermi gDaggerauml Avcbv Avcwb wkiuml G AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KDaggeri daggerdDaggerj|
wKšlsquo ZviciI hw` wkiuml AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere AwffveKDagger`i Gi parawZKi w`KwU
mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere Ges microgvMZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv PjDaggerZ _vKDaggerj wkiumlDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj G AfumlvmwU
`~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance) bullZwi KDaggeri w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib
hvDaggerZ KDaggeri fwelumlDaggerZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi KviDaggerY wkiumli `vuDaggerZi webumlvm AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv hvq|
mvaviYZ 5-6 eQi eqm dagger_DaggerK wkiumlDagger`i `ya `vuZ coDaggerZ iumlisbquo KDaggeri| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK mgq
dagger`Lv hvq AvNvZ RwbZ paraq RwbZ ev Abuml daggerKvb daggerivDaggerMi KviDaggerY wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya
`vuZ cDaggero hvq ev daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| `vuZ covi ci daggerh dvuKv RvqMvwU _vDaggerK daggerm RvqMvwU ZLb
`yB cvDaggerki `vuZ w`Daggerq eUuml nDaggerq hvq| dDaggerj rsquovqx `vuZ DVvi Rbuml chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv daggercDaggerq
Amacr^vfvweK daggerKvb RvqMvq `vuZ DDaggerV Ges `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi mcurrencentvebv daggereDaggero hvq| GB dvuKv
macrrsquovbwU hvDaggerZ cvDaggerki `vuZ Oslashviv eUuml bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl hšiquest bullZwi
KDaggeri w`Daggereb hvDaggerK Space maintainer eDaggerj| KvDaggerRB daggerKvb `ya`vuZ hw` Zvi wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi
AvDaggerM cDaggero hvq ZDaggere dagger`ix bv KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi mvDagger_ dagger`Lv Kisbquob|
ADaggerbK ev‛PvDagger`i dagger`Lv hvq DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj daggerewk evoDaggerQ ev hZUzKz evovi K_v
ZZUzKz evoDaggerQ bv| Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc evošmdash eqDaggerm (6-12) Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cOumlDaggerqvRb AbymvDaggeri Face
mask ev Chin cap eumlenvi KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb hv ev‛Pvi DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimesDaggerK
mwVK AmacrrsquovDaggerb wbDaggerZ mnvqZv KiDaggere|
DaggerVuvU I ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i daggerVvuU I Zvjy kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wVK
Kivi ci mwVK mgq Orthodontist Gmiddotcvbmb macrŒz (Expansion screw) ZvjyDaggerZ jvwMDaggerq
dagger`b hvDaggerZ DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq| G wkiumlDagger`i 8-10 eQi eqDaggerm bone
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grafting Kivi Rbuml kjuml wPwKrmKDaggerK cOumlDaggerqvRbxq civgkcopy I mnvqZv w`Daggerq _vDaggerKb
Orthodontist|
6-12 eQi eqDaggerm hLb wkiumli gyDaggerL `ya I macrrsquovqx Dfq cOumlKvi `vuZ we`umlgvb ZLb hw`
`vuDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo (Cross bite) daggerewk Kvgo (Deep bite) dagger`Lv hvq ZDaggere
Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRbxq eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggereb hvDaggerZ fwelumlDaggerZ KvgocedilDaggerjv AvDaggeriv Lvivc -Gi w`DaggerK
bv hvq|
`ya `vuZ me cDaggero hvevi ci I macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVvi ci AvuKv evuKv DuPz -bxPz `vuZ wVK
Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS Removable Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ
ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere) ev Fixed Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere bv) w`Daggerq
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb|
ADaggerbDaggerKiB gDaggerbB cOumlkœ _vDaggerK daggerh daggerewk eqDaggerm Orthodontic wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere wKbv|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuZ nvo I GDagger`i mvDagger_ mcurrenuacuteKcopyhysup3 structure cedilDaggerjv fvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZDaggere daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv Kiv mcurrencente|
cOumlvszlig eqDaggerm hw` DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj hw` Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes daggercDaggerq _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv
wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj kjuml wPwKrmvi Oslashvimacrrsquo nDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi mdjZv wbfcopyi KDaggeri wPwKrmDaggerKi AwfAacuteZv daggerivMx I Zvi
AwffveDaggerKi mnDaggerhvwMZv I mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi Dci|
gDaggerb ivLDaggereb mgDaggerqi GK daggerdvuo AmgDaggerqi `k daggerdvuo| mwVK mgDaggerq mwVK KvRwU KiDaggerj
Avcwb daggerh djvdj cvDaggereb dagger`ix KDaggeri KvRwU KiDaggerj daggermB djvdj Avcwb bvI daggercDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
Avcbvi daggerKvb wbKURDaggerbi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj mwVK mgDaggerq Orthodontist
Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggerZ fyjDaggereb bv daggerhb|
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Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Dci Bracket
ev Brace covDaggerbv _vDaggerK| Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq
Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv wbDagger`kcopyvejx wVKgZ daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj wPwKrmv cieZcopyx RwUjZv dagger`Lv
dagger`evi mcurrencentvebv LyeB Kg|
Fixed Orthodontic treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq gyL I `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZ weDaggerkl hZœ wbDaggerZ
nDaggere| daggerhme welDaggerqi Dci daggerewk daggerewk bRi ivLDaggerZ nDaggere Zv bxDaggerP dagger`qv nDaggerjvt
1 daggerhw`b daggerivMxi gyDaggerL Bracket emvDaggerbv nDaggere Zvici dagger_DaggerK 24 NrsaquoUv chcopyšmdash ksup3 Lvevi
LvIqv DwPZ bq| GDaggerZ Bracket LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| H 24 NrsaquoUv Lye daggerRvDaggeri daggerRvDaggeri `vuZ
eordfvk Kiv I DwPZ bq| daggerivMx Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv civgkcopy Abyhvqx `vuZ eordfvk
KiDaggere I macr^vfvweK Lvevi LvDaggere|
2 Bracket covDaggerbvi 2-3 w`b chcopyšmdash daggerivMxi GKUz Amacr^wmacrmdash nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GDaggerZ fDaggerqi wKQy
daggerbB| gyDaggerL bZzb wKQy wRwbm emvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2-3 w`b ci Zv AfumlvDaggerm cwiYZ nDaggerq
hvDaggere|
3 cOumlwZevi Lvevi LvIqvi ci AekumlB `vuZ fvDaggerjvfvDaggere eordfvk KiDaggerZ nDaggere| mKvDaggerj I ivDaggerZ
daggerdnotvivBW hysup3 Uz_Daggercdivide w`Daggerq `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggere| Abumlvbuml mgq Uz_ daggercoacute Qvov eordfvk KiDaggerjI
PjDaggere|
4 cOumlwZ wZb (3) gvm ci ci Uz_eordfvk e`j KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Uz_eordfvDaggerki weordfmampjcedilDaggerjv daggerhb big
(Medium soft) nq Zv daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
5 Bracket ev appliance -Gi Dci bxDaggerP 45 daggerKvDaggerY eordfvk aDaggeri `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
6 Lye daggerRvDaggeri Pvc w`Daggerq eordfvk Kiv hvDaggere bv| GDaggerZ KDaggeri Appliance LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
7 `vuDaggerZi daggerh cvDaggerk Appliance AvDaggerQ daggermB cvDaggerk Appliance -Gi Dci AvjDaggerZvfvDaggere
NywiDaggerq NywiDaggerq eordfvk KDaggeri `vuZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| `vuDaggerZi Abumlvbuml cvkcedilDaggerjvI daggerhb
fvDaggerjvfvDaggere cwireglsaquovi Kiv nq daggermw`DaggerK daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
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8 cOumlwZevi Lvevi Gi ci eordfvk Kiv mcurrencente bv nDaggerj LyefvDaggerjv KDaggeri KzjKzwP KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
9 `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerSi gqjv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Dental Floss eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
DaggerKvb KvwV ev myuB w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerLvPvDaggerbv hvDaggere bv|
10 wRnŸv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Tongue Cleanser eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
11 cOumlDaggerqvRDaggerb fvDaggerjv Mouth Wash eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere ZDaggerewPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy
Abyhvqx|
12 `vuDaggerZi gvwo Avfrac12yj w`Daggerq Massage Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
13 daggerKvb appliance daggerfDaggerfrac12 daggerMDaggerj ev LyDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ev Appliance Gi KviDaggerY gyDaggerL daggerKvb
mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj dagger`ix bv KDaggeri mDaggerfrac12 mDaggerfrac12 Orthondontist-Gi civgkcopy wbDaggerZ nDaggere|
14 wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq ksup3 Lvevi (nvo AvL) LvIqv cwinvi KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
15 AvVvDaggerjv RvZxq Lvevi (PzBs Mvg) LvIqv ev` w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
16 daggercqviv AvDaggercj ev daggerh daggerKvb ksup3 Lvevi Kvgo w`Daggerq bv daggerLDaggerq daggerQvU daggerQvU UzKiv KDaggeri
daggerLDaggerZ nDaggere|
17 Orthodontist DaggerhfvDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK AvmDaggerZ ejDaggereb (1gvm ci ci) AekumlB Zv cvjb
KiDaggerZ nDaggere| bv nDaggerj daggerivMxi wPwKrmv daggerkl nDaggerZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi daggerewk jvMDaggere|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbPz `vuZ wVK Kivi Rbuml daggerhgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Oslashviv mwVK wPwKrmv daggerZgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerivMx Ges daggerivMxi AwffveDaggerKi
mnDaggerhvwMZv Ges Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy Abyhvqx Pjv| ZDaggereB DaggerivMx wPwKrmv DaggerkDaggerl cvDaggere
KvwldquoparaZ myrsaquo`i `vuZ|
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mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
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mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ dnotwms
51
daggerQvAElig GKwU evMvDaggerb hw` ADaggerbKcedilDaggerjv MvQ daggereDaggero DVDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZDaggere ADaggerbK MvDaggerQi macr^vfvweK ebdquowtimes
weboacute nq Ges evMvbwU wKQyw`b ci Nb Rfrac12Daggerj cwiYZ nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK| ZLb hw` daggermLvb
dagger_DaggerK wKQy MvQ daggerKDaggerU daggerdjv nq ZDaggere evMvbwUi evKxMvQcedilDaggerjv iparav daggercDaggerq macr^vfvweKfvDaggere daggereDaggero
DVDaggere|
daggerZgwb gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerh cwigvY RvqMv AvDaggerQ Zvi daggerPDaggerq hw` `vuDaggerZi msLumlv daggerewk wKsev
`vuZ Lye daggerekx AvuKv evKv DuPz `uvZ _vKDaggerj ZDaggere Zv wVK KDaggeri `vuZDaggerK mywebumlvmacrmdash myrsaquo`i KDaggeri
daggerZvjvi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgq daggerivMxi wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB daggerivMx ev
Zvi AwffveK `vuZ daggerZvjvi K_v iumlbDaggerj fq cvq| Zviv fvDaggere `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ ADaggerbK euml_v
jvMDaggere ev daggerPvDaggerLi daggereordfBDaggerbi hw` daggerKvb parawZ nq| Zviv Orthodontist daggerK `vuZ bv ZzDaggerj
wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml AbyDaggeriva KDaggeri _vDaggerK| wKšlsquo ZvDagger`i G mKj aviYv mcurrenuacute~Ycopy Ag~jK| `vuZ
ZzjDaggerj daggerPvDaggerLi ev daggereordfBDaggerbi daggerKvb parawZ nqbv| GKRb AwfAacute wPwKrmK ZvB KiDaggereb hv KiDaggerj
daggerivMxi wPwKrmv fvDaggerjvfvDaggere mcurrenuacutebœ nDaggere Ges daggerivMx I Zvi AwffveK mšlsquowoacute jvf KiDaggere| Avi
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM wbw copyoacute rsquovb fvDaggerjvfvDaggere Aek KDaggeri wbDaggerj Ges wPwKrmDaggerKi dagger`qv DcDagger`k `vuZ
daggerZvjvi w`b I cieZcopyx KDaggerqKw`b mwVKfvDaggere daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj `vuZ daggerZvjvi ci daggerivMxi daggerZgb daggerKvb
Amyweav nq bv ejDaggerjB PDaggerj|
52
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM
`vuZ daggerZvjvi cDaggeri
53
ADaggerbDaggerKB AvDaggerQb hviv ivDaggerZ NygvDaggerbvi AvDaggerM Ges mKvDaggerj bvmacrmdashv Lvevi ci `vuZ eordfvk
KDaggerib `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Kvj wejcurren^ bv KDaggeri `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggerib
`vuDaggerZi mymacrrsquoZvi Rbuml hv hv `iKvi Zviv Zv-B KDaggerib| GmeB nDaggerjv fvDaggerjv Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi
Rbuml LyeB DcKvix|
wKšlsquo Ggb wKQy Afumlvm AvDaggerQ hv gyL I `vuDaggerZi macr^vDaggermacrrsquoumli Rbuml LyeB parawZKi| Gme
e`AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi bvbv aiDaggerYi mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q| GB AfumlvmcedilDaggerjvi gDaggerauml Avfrac12yj
daggerPvlv wRnŸampv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv ev daggerVjv dagger`Iqv daggerKvb mgmumlv bv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI gyL w`Daggerq wbkbrvbarvm
daggerbqv daggerVvuU I bL KvgovDaggerbv AbumlZg|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK| evev gv hw` GUv daggerLqvj KDaggerib ZDaggere wkiumlDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere daggerh Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv Lvivc| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz nDaggerq hvq ADaggerbK mgq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bvI coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Open bite) bxDaggerPi
54
daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZcedilDaggerjv msKzwPZ nDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK hZUzKz daggerXDaggerK ivLv
DwPZ Zv KDaggerg daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerbvi ci I hw` Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm bv KDaggerg ZDaggere wkiumli 2-3 eQi eqm
chcopyšmdash ADaggercparav KiDaggerZ nDaggere| ADaggerbK mgq 3 eQi eqDaggermi ci wkiumli GB Afumlvm PDaggerj hvq|
ZviciI hw` wkiuml G Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere GKRb AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12
civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| wPwKrmK `iKvi gDaggerb nDaggerj daggerKvb Appliance ev hšiquest w`Daggereb hv
wkiumlDaggerK GB Afumlvm `~i KiDaggerZ mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wkiumli hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK ZDaggere DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DPuy nDaggerq hvq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bv coDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerivMx gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri
wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq Avcbvi daggermvbvgwbi hw` Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml
parawZKi ZDaggere cOuml_DaggergB ZvDaggerK eySvb| ZvDaggerZ KvR bv nDaggerj Aemacrrsquov hvDaggerZ AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv
hvq daggermRbuml AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy Kisbquob|
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OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
56
CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
57
KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
59
GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
60
ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
61
daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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62
cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
16
GKwesk kZvatildexDaggerZ wPwKrmv weAacutevb DbœwZi Pig wkLDaggeri Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerQ| GB DbœwZi
daggerRvqvDaggerii mvDagger_ Zvj wgwjDaggerq `šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi AbumlZg cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy kvLv ADagger_vcopyWbwmqv I
GLb AvDaggeriv DbœZ| bvbvwea RwUj mgmumlvi mgvavb nDagger‛Q ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg|
Avmyb Avgiv cwiwPZ nB KZcedilDaggerjv cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy mgmumlvi mDaggerfrac12 hvi mgvavb Lye mnDaggerRB wPwKrmvi
gvaumlDaggerg Kiv hvq|
1 microvDwWs Crowding
GB aiDaggerYi mgmumlvq dagger`Lv hvq daggerPvqvDaggerj `vuZcedilDaggerjv AvuKv evuKv nDaggerq Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerQ ev
daggerPvqvDaggerj chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKvi KviDaggerY GK `vuZ Abuml `vuDaggerZi Dci DDaggerV daggerMDaggerQ|
microvDwWs Crowding
2 daggermacruacutewms (Spacing)
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS
dvuKv RvqMv _vKv|
17
3 wWmDaggercshymDaggergrsaquoU (Displacement)
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq GKwU `vuDaggerZi daggerh RvqMvq Aemacrrsquovb Kivi K_v daggermLvb dagger_DaggerK mDaggeri Abuml
RvqMvq PDaggerj hvq|
wWmDaggercshymDaggergrsaquoU
(Displacement)
4 GKDaggerUvwcK Bivcmb (Ectopic Eruption)
`vuZ Zvi wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV Abuml daggerKvb `vuDaggerZi RvqMvq ev Abuml daggerKvb
Amacr^vfvweK AemacrrsquovDaggerb DDaggerV|
GKDaggerUvwcK Bivcmb
(Ectopic Eruption)
5 Cross Bite ev DDaggereumlv Kvgo Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii daggerPqvDaggerji
mvgDaggerbi `vuZ cedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `uvZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL Ges DcDaggerii
daggerPvqvDaggerji wcQDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ mvgvbuml evBDaggerii
18
w`DaggerK _vDaggerK| GDaggerK Normal Bite ev macr^vfvweK Kvgo eDaggerj| GB Aemacrrsquovi DDaggereumlvwU hLb
NDaggerU ZLb ZvDaggerK Cross Bite ev DDaggereumlv Kvgo eDaggerj|
Cross Bite
ev DDaggereumlv Kvgo
6 (IDaggercb evBU) Open bite
Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerii cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi daggerPqvDaggerji
cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi GKwU macruacutekcopy _vDaggerK| daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` Kvgo dagger`qv Ae rsquovq DcDaggerii cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi msmacruacutekcopy bv _vDaggerK Ges Gi dDaggerj `yB cvwU `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS
dvuKv _vDaggerK ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Open bite eDaggerj|
IDaggercb evBU
(Open bite)
7 wWc evBU (Deep bite)
Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi
GK ZhellipZxqvsk daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL| wKšlsquo daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi cyDaggerivUv daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL ZLb ZvDaggerK Deep bite ev daggerewk Kvgo eDaggerj|
19
(wWc evBU) Deep bite
8 Knotvm 2 gumlvjAKnotzmb
(Class II malocclusion Division 1) GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ macr^vfvweDaggerKi daggerPDaggerq ADaggerbK mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| DcDaggerii cvwUcopyi mvgDaggerbi
`vZcedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK DuPz nq|
Knotvm 2 wWwfkb 1 gumlvjAvKnotzmb
11 Knotvm 3 gumlvjAKnotzmb (Class III Malocclusion)
20
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi cvwcopyUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL
ev DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi Inscisal Edge GDaggerK AcDaggerii DcDaggeri Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| hvDaggerK
Edge To Edge Bite eDaggerj|
Knotvm 3 gumlvjAKnotzmb
12 Zvjy KvUv I daggerVvuU KvUv t
GwU GKwU RbyenMZ mgmumlv ADaggerbDaggerK iumlay daggerVvU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv Avevi ADaggerbDaggerK Dfq
mgmumlv wbDaggerqB RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| AwfAacute wPwKrmKebdquoDaggerrsaquo`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutevi gvaumlDaggerg mwVK
mgDaggerq mwVK wPwKrmv w`Daggerq daggerVvuU I Zvjy KvUv fvDaggerjv Kiv AvRKvj daggerKvb mgmumlvB bq|
21
Zvjy KvUv
daggerVvuU KvUv
DcDaggerii AvDaggerjvPbvq Avwg wKQy mgmumlv Lye mnR fvlvq AvcbvDagger`i eySvDaggerZ daggerPoacutev KDaggeriwQ|
GmKj mgmumlvi mswparaszlig weeiY wfZDaggerii cOumlwZwU AaumlvDaggerq dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev KiwQ|
22
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PROF IIDA JUN ICHI RO DR SAGOR amp
PROF TT YAMAMOTO AT KOREA
23
At IADR Seminar USA
Avcwb nqDaggerZvev Avcbvi wbDaggerRi A_ev daggerKvb wcOumlqRDaggerbi AvuKv evuKv `vuZ wbDaggerq LyeB
`ywethšmdashvMOumlmacr mdash| mywPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg Orthodontist AvcbvDaggerK GB `ywethšmdashv dagger_DaggerK gysup3 KiDaggerZ
cvDaggerib| wKšlsquo Avcwb wK RvDaggerbb daggerKb `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPz bxPz nq Avmyb bxDaggerPi AvDaggerjvPbvi
gvaumlDaggerg Avgiv cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy GB cOumlkœwUi DEumli LyuDaggerR daggerbB|
wewfbœ wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv wewfbœfvDaggere `vuZ AvuKv-evuKv nevi KviY mg~nDaggerK daggerkordfYxetimes
KDaggeriDaggerQb| AvcbvDagger`i Rvbvi myweavDagger_copy Lye mnR fvlvq `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi KviY mg~n wbDaggerP
dagger`qv njt
1| RbyenMZ KviY t K) wkiuml hw` daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| L) wkiumli
RDaggerbyeni mgq gv_vq AvNvZ daggercDaggerj| M) wewfbœ JlDaggerai cvkbrvbarcopy cOumlwZmicroqvi Rbuml|
2| eskMZ KviDaggerYt daggerPvqvj Lye daggerewk eo ev daggerQvU nDaggerj| daggerPvqvDaggerj me `vuZ aDaggeri
ivLvi gZ chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKDaggerj|
3| niDaggergvDaggerbi wewfbœ mgmumlv daggerhgbt Cretinism acromegali _vKDaggerj|
4| daggerPvqvj ev `vuDaggerZi bxDaggerP daggerKvb wUDgvi _vKDaggerj ev AvNvZ daggercDaggerj|
5| fyj ctimeswZDaggerZ Lvevi wMjDaggerj (Improper Swallowing)|
6| gyDaggerL daggerKvb `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKDaggerj|
7| `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AvKhellipwZ Amacr^vfvweK nDaggerj|
8| gyDaggerL AwZwisup3 daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj|
9| DaggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi gDaggerauml jydegvwqZ _vKDaggerj|
10| wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya `vuZ daggerdDaggerj w`Daggerj|
11| `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi ciI ADaggerbKw`b aDaggeri gyDaggerL Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerj|
12| macrrsquovqx daggerKvb `vuZ bv _vKDaggerj|
13| macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVDaggerZ dagger`ix KiDaggerj|
14| AvNvZ daggercDaggerj|
15| DaggerKvb `vuZ mnRfvDaggere DVDaggerZ euml_copy nDaggerj|
16| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv dagger`qv cOumlfbdquowZ AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi
cOumlavb KviYmg~nDaggerZv RvbDaggerjb| Avmyb bv Rvbv AacutevbUvDaggerK KvDaggerR jvMvB| DcDaggerivsup3
24
KviYmg~n hw` KvDaggeriv gvDaggerS dagger`LDaggerZ cvB ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY
KiDaggerZ ewj|
hLb KvDaggeriv gv_vq PzDaggerji cwigvb macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ Kg _vDaggerK ZLb ZvDaggerK KZB bv
`ywethšmdashv MOumlmacr mdash dagger`Lvq| gv_vi Pzjwenxb dvuKv macrrsquovb wKfvDaggere `~i Kiv hvq Zv wbDaggerq daggerhb wPšmdashvi daggerkl
_vDaggerK bv| wVK daggerZgwbfvDaggere wKQy gvbyDaggerli `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMv dagger`Lv hvq| ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcirc
Zviv Abuml gvbyDaggerli mvgDaggerb K_v ejDaggerZ GgbwK cOumlvb LyDaggerj nvmDaggerZI Amacr^wmacrmdash daggereva KDaggeri| hviv dvuKv
`vuDaggerZi mgmumlv fyMDaggerQb ZvDagger`i `ywethšmdashvi w`b daggerkl| ADagger_copyvWbwUKm wPwKrmvi KjumlvDaggerb dvuKv
`vuDaggerZi wPwKrmv GLb Avi daggerKvb mgmumlvB bq|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy
wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
25
mvaviY ADagger_copy Spacing ejDaggerZ Avgiv dvuKv macrrsquovb eywS| wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi fvlvq hLb
g yDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb daggerKvb `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMv _vDaggerK ZLb ZvDaggerK Spacing eDaggerj|
cOumlKviDaggerf` t Spacing `yB aiDaggerYi nDaggerq _vDaggerK|
1) Generalized Spacing daggerPvqvDaggerji me ev AwaKvsk `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv
_vKDaggerj|
2) Localized Spacing `yB ev ZDaggerZvwaK `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerj|
DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `ywU `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerj ZvDaggerK Median
Diastema eDaggerj|
Spacing ev dvuKvi KviY t
1 daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq `vuDaggerZi AvKvi hw` daggerQvU nq
2 RbyenMZfvDaggere daggerKvb `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKDaggerj|
3 Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj|
4 DaggerKvb `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AwZ paraz`ordf nDaggerj|
5 `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerj|
6 wmdivide wUDgvi _vKDaggerj|
7 wRnŸv eo _vKDaggerj| (macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ)
8 `vuZ wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK NyDaggeri daggerMDaggerj
9 GQvov daggerVuvU ev MvDaggerji KviDaggerY A_ev AwZwisup3 daggerKvb `vuZ gyDaggerL _vKDaggerj Zv cvDaggerki
`vuZDaggerK Pressure w`Daggerq mwiDaggerq Spacing KDaggeri|
Spacing wKfvDaggere wbYcopyq Kiv nq t
K) DaggerivMxi gyL MnŸi chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri
L) DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZiƒc ev Model dagger`DaggerL
M) x-ray dagger`DaggerL|
26
Spacing Gi Amyweav mg~nt
duvKv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI daggerivMxi Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv K_v ejvi
mgq daggerKvb daggerKvb katilde macruacuteoacutefvDaggere D‛PviDaggerY mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt
Spacing Gi wPwKrmv Kivi c~Daggerecopy daggerivMxi BwZnvm fvDaggerjvfvDaggere RvbDaggerZ nDaggere Ges
Spacing Gi mcurrencentveuml KviY mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggerZ nDaggere| hw` daggerivMxi Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK
hvi Rbuml `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMvi mbdquowoacute nDagger‛Q ZDaggere daggermB Afumlvm ev` dagger`qvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| ZviciI hw` daggerivMx Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere Habit breaking
appliance eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere| daggerKvb
TumourCyst _vKDaggerj Zv AcmviY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Spacing hw` Lye mvgvbuml cwigvDaggerY nq
Ges daggerivMxi hw` daggerKvb AwfDaggerhvM bv _vDaggerK ZDaggere wPwKrmv bv KivDaggerj I PDaggerj| ZDaggere Spacing
ADaggerbK daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontics wPwKrmv jvMDaggere| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri
wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wK aiDaggerYi wPwKrmv w`Daggereb| Spacing wVK Kivi Rbuml yB aiDaggerYi hšiquest ev
appliance use Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Removable Appliance)
Orthodontist `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ Fixed KDaggeri Appliance wU jvwMDaggerq w`Daggereb
(Fixed appliance) hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggerebv|
hw` `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mvgvbuml dvuKv _vDaggerK ZDaggere `vuDaggerZi iDaggerOi mvDagger_ wgwjDaggerq Filling Kiv
daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
GQvov gyDaggerLi Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS KhellipwIcircg `vuZ ewmDaggerq I Spacing Correction Kiv hvq| DaggerZv
Avcbvi hw` _vDaggerK dvuKv `vuDaggerZi mgmumlv ZDaggere PDaggerj Avmyb AwfAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ| wPwKrmv
KwiDaggerq `vuDaggerZi dvuKv wVK Kisbquob cOumlvY LyDaggerj nvmyb Avi nDaggerq DVyb AvKlcopyYxq|
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mvaviYfvDaggere Crowding ejDaggerZ daggerKvb wKQyi AvwaKumlDaggerK daggerevSvq| wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi
fvlvq gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKvi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi macr^vfvweK webumlvm evavMOumlmacrrsquo nDaggerq daggerh
wekbdquoldquoLjZv mbdquowoacute nq ZvDaggerK Crowding eDaggerj|
KviYmg~nt wewfbœ KviDaggerY gyDaggerL Crowding nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Zvi gDaggerauml DDaggerjshyLDaggerhvMuml
KviYmg~n bxDaggerP Dagger`qv njt
1 gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AvKhellipwZi mvgAumlmuml bv _vKDaggerj|
2 `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj|
3 `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi ADaggerbK AvDaggerM cDaggero daggerMDaggerj
4 macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVDaggerZ dagger`ix nDaggerj
5 AvNvZ daggercDaggerj
6 DaggerKvb `vuZ evowZ _vKDaggerj
7 Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj
28
8 daggerPvqvj macr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes bv daggercDaggerj
Crowding wbYcopyqt
1 daggerivMxi gyLMnŸi chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri|
2 DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Model ev cOumlwZiƒc dagger`DaggerL
3 GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL|
Crowding Gi djvdj t
`vuDaggerZi Dci cOumlfvet Gi dDaggerj `vuZ Zvi wbDaggerRi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK NyDaggeri daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri
`vuZ daggernDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri GgbwK daggerKvb daggerKvb `vuZ bvI DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Dci cOumlfve t
1 DaggerivMx mvgvwRKfvDaggere wewfbœ mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
2 DaggermŠrsaquo`hcopynvwb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
3 `vuZ wVKgZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ bv cvivi KviDaggerY `vuZ I gvwoi wewfbœ daggerivDaggerM Avmicrovšmdash
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
4 nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmv t
1 cOumlwZDaggerivag~jK eumlemacrrsquovt
hw` daggerivMxi cwievDaggeri KvDaggeriv `vuDaggerZ Crowding _vDaggerK ZDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist-Gi chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ covi mwVK mgq bv Avmv chcopyšmdash `ya `vuZDaggerK msiparaY Kivi daggerPoacutev KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggerKvb paraqDaggerivM dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerZ daggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml
boacute bv nq|
Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj ZumlvM KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ mwVK mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj Zv wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq daggerdDaggerj dagger`qvi eumlemacrrsquov KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
29
gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere avivevwnKfvDaggere wbw`copyoacute wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerK
wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi fvlvq Serial extraction ejv nq|
2 msDaggerkvab g~jK eumlemacrrsquov t
K) DaggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml evovDaggerbv
DaggerPvqvjDaggerK cOumlmvwiZ Kiv
mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK wKQyUv DuPz Kiv
Daggergvjvi `vuZDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerUDaggerb Daggerbqv
vuDaggerZi AvKvi daggerQvU KDaggeri daggerdjv
`vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjv t
Crowding Gi cwigvY Lye daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontist wVK KiDaggereb daggerKvb `vuZwU
daggerdjDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
Crowding Lye daggerewk nDaggerj ev gvSvwi aiDaggerYi nDaggerj Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggerq
Removable ev Fixed daggerh daggerKvb GK aiDaggerYi appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggereb|
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Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi
msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy AvDaggerm| wKšlsquo daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` DcDaggerii cvwUcopyi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy bv
AvDaggerm Ges Gi dDaggerj DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi cvwUcopyi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mecopy`v dvuKv macrrsquovb _vDaggerK Ges gyL
mcurrenuacute~YcopyiƒDaggerc eUuml bv nq ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Open Bite eDaggerj|
mvaviYfvDaggere Open Bite ejDaggerZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi
Kvgo bv jvMvDaggerK daggerevSvq|
Open bite mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ ev wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Open Bite Gi KviY
mg~nt Avfrac12yj weDaggerkl KDaggeri ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Open bite nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
31
wRnŸv macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ eo _vKDaggerj ev hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjvavdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm
_vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS _vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi
DcDaggerii AsDaggerk (occlusal surface) -G _vDaggerK ZDaggere Open Bite nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
G Qvov daggerivMx hw` Bony Dysplasia Congenital wmwdwjm BZumlvw` daggerivDaggerM fyDaggerM
_vDaggerK ZDaggereI Open bite Gi mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt Open bite Gi wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml mecopycOuml_g daggerivMxDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOuml_Daggerg Open bite nevi KviY
mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggereb| hw` daggerivMxi Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK
ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm `~i Kivi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb
KDaggerib ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm ~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance)
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib daggerivMxDaggerK|
Open bite hw` gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj hvq ZDaggere Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontic
appliance eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri hv Fixed ev Removable daggerh daggerKvb iKgB
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
hw` daggerPvqvDaggerji nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Open bite dagger`Lv hvq Ges daggerivMxi eqm hw` 6-12 eQi
nq ZDaggere Chin cap (Chin cap bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi ev bxDaggerPi w`DaggerKi ebdquowtimes
nIqvDaggerK cOumlwZDaggeriva KDaggeri) Gi mvDagger_ High pull head gear eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nevi ci Ges macrrsquovqx `vuZ me DVvi ci daggerPvqvDaggerji Amacr^vfvweK
ebdquowtimesRwbZ KviDaggerY daggerh Open bite nq Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Surgery Kiv DaggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq KvDaggeriv Open bite Gi mgmumlv _vKDaggerj AvovDaggerj Zvi mgvDaggerjvPbv bv
KDaggeri AvgvDagger`i mKDaggerji DwPZ ZvDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ
ejv| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cieZcopyx KiYxq mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy ejDaggerZ cviDaggereb| Zvui
civgkcopy Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY KiDaggerj Open bite wbivgq Kiv mcurrencente|
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`šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv Class II Malocclusion DaggerK `yB fvDaggerM fvM KDaggeriDaggerQb|
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion
2 Class II division 2 malocclusion
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion t
hw` KvDaggeriv daggerclY `vuDaggerZi mcurrenuacuteKcopy (Molar relation) Class II _vDaggerK Ges DcDaggerii
DaggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZ cedilDaggerjv DPz _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv Class II Division 1 Gi Ašmdashfycopysup3|
Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK
(Convex profile) DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ daggerewk daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL
DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK daggerewk mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| `vuZ DuPz nevi KviDaggerY
daggerivMx ADaggerbK mgq `yB daggerVuvU eUuml KiDaggerZ cvDaggeribv|
33
2 Class II division 2 Malocclusion
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc Molar Relation Class II _vKDaggere A_copyvr DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev
Molar `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev Molar `vuDaggerZi dagger_DaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ mvgDaggerb
Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv wKQyUv wfZDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb
KiDaggere| mvaviYZ DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj GKB iKg AemacrrsquovDaggerb _vKDaggere (Straight Profile)
DcDaggerii `vuZcedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK cyDaggerivUv daggerXDaggerK ivLDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`ix bv KDaggeri GKRb Orthodontist daggerK Rvbvb|
Orthodontist wewfbœ chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri wPwKrmv ctimeswZ wVK KiDaggereb|
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Avcbvi AvDaggerk cvDaggerki gvbylcedilDaggerjvDaggerK GKUz fvDaggerjvfvDaggere jpara KiDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggereb daggerewki
fvM gvbyDaggerliB DcDaggeri daggerPvqvj Ges DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji
`vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ mvgvbuml GKUz mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK| Ges GUvB nDaggerjv macr^vfvweK| wKšlsquo wKQy gvbyDaggerli
daggerparaDaggerIcirc Gi DDaggereumlvUv dagger`Lv dagger`q| A_copyvr ZvDagger`i bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK _vDaggerK DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj ev DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ| GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi
fvlvq eDaggerj Class III malocclusion|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
`yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| 1Uv nDaggerjv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY| GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii
cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi
MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb dagger`DaggerL GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wKfvDaggere wPwKrmv KiDaggerj
daggerivMx mDaggerecopyvEumlg djvdj cvq|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion nq ZDaggere Orthodontic
Treatment A_copyvr iumlaygvIcirc Brace cwoDaggerqB wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere evošmdash ev cwiYZ daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB| ZDaggere Lye daggerewk eqDaggerm wPwKrmv KivDaggerj wPwKrmvi mgq daggereDaggero hvDaggere|
hw` evošmdash eqDaggerm nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion dagger`Lv dagger`q ZDaggere
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvjDaggerK mvgDaggerb Avbvi Rbuml ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvjDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerbqvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK wewfbœ
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aiDaggerYi hšiquest dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri eumlenvDaggerii Rbuml| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Face Mask Chin Cap DDaggerjshyL
daggerhvMuml|
hw` cwiYZ eqDaggerm gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerqi Class III malocclusion hv nvDaggerii MVDaggerbi
KviDaggerY nDaggerqDaggerQ Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ ZDaggere kjuml wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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evBgumlvmiddot
evBgvmiddot `y aiDaggerbi nq| evBgumlvwmiddotjvix cOumlUzordfmb Ges evBgumlvwmiddot jvix cOumlwKnotDaggerbmb| wK KwVb
katilde| Avmyb Lye mnDaggerR daggerRDaggerb daggerbB `uvZ I gvwoi Avi GK mgmumlv hvi bvg evBgvmiddot|
evBgumlvmiddot mgmumlvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj wKsev `uvZ wKsev DfqB mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK DPzu _vDaggerK| dDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv daggerVvU DPzu nDaggerq _vKv GgbwK gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ
cviv mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
mvavibZ `uvZ hw` Zzjbvg~jK fvDaggere eo GgbwK daggerPvqvj jcurren^v wKsev daggerXvK wMjvi mgq
wRnev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK Amacr^vfvweK fvDaggere `uvZDaggerK mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK daggerVjv w`Daggerj GB aiDaggerbi mgmumlv nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| NveovDaggerbvi wKQzB daggerbB GB mgmumlvi mgvavb Lye myrsaquo`i KDaggeri GK AwfAacute ADagger_copyDaggerWbwUdivide
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib| gDaggerb ivLDaggerZ nDaggere cOumlv_wgK Aemacrrsquovq GB mgmumlvi mgvavb KiDaggerj ZZUv RwUjZv nq
bv| eDaggerqvmwUuml KvDaggerji c~Daggere eDaggerqvmmwUuml KvDaggerji mgq Ges cDaggeri wPwKrmv eumlemacrrsquov cbdquo_K cbdquo_K nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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myrsaquo`Daggerii c~Rvix mKDaggerjB ZvB GB mgmumlv mgvavb KDaggeri
Avcwb nDaggerq DVyb myrsaquo`i `uvZ I nvwmi AwaKvix
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daggerMR `vuZ(High Canine) DPz KZcopyb `vuZ t
AvgvDagger`i gyDaggerL eqm 5 eQi chcopyšmdash daggerh 20 wU `vuZ _vDaggerK Zvi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ
_vDaggerK| eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ 20wU `ya `vuZ hLb cDaggero wMDaggerq macrrsquovqx `vuZ DDaggerV ZLbI daggergvU
32wU `vuDaggerZi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ _vDaggerK| G KZcopyb `uvZcedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi 4wU daggerKvbvq AewmacrrsquoZ| ZvB
GDagger`iDaggerK Corner Stone of mouth eDaggerj| bvg iumlbDaggerjB daggerevSv hvq G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Lv`uml`ordfeumlDaggerK
KZcopyb KiDaggerZ Ges wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri| G `vuZ cedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK kwsup3kvjx| KviY G `vuDaggerZi
GbvDaggergDaggerji cyisbquoZiexcl Daggerewk Ges mvgDaggerbi 4wU `vuDaggerZi (Pecopyb `vuZ-Incisor tooth) ciciB
AewmacrrsquoZ| daggerKvb daggerKvb mgq wewfbœ KviY ekZt G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Zvi wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK wfbœ
AemacrrsquovDaggerb dagger`Lv hvq| hw` G `vuZcedilDaggerjv gvwoi gDaggerauml ev DcDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri ZLb ZvDaggerK
High Canine ev daggerMR `vuZ ejv nq| Avevi KLDaggerbv GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv Zvjyi w`K w`Daggerq DDaggerV|
ZLb GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK Palataly placed canine eDaggerj| Avevi KLDaggerbv I gvwo ev Zvjyi wfZDaggeri
G `vuZ Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| ZLb ZvDaggerK Impacted Canine ejv nq| GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi gDaggerauml
AZxe Risbquoix PviwU `vuZ| GB `vuZ daggerhgb Lv`uml`ordfeuml KZcopyb I wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri cvkvcvwk
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daggerPvqvDaggerji bovPovDaggerK wbqšiquestY KDaggeri| GB `vuZDaggerK Beauty tooth I ejv nq| ZvB G `vuDaggerZi
mvwietimesfvDaggere webumlvm LyeB Risbquoix|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ daggerh KDaggerqKwU mgmumlv ZzDaggerj aiv nDaggerjv G mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi mgvavb LyeB Risbquoix|
hw` daggerKD GiKg daggerKvb mgmumlvq fyDaggerM _vDaggerKb ZDaggere AwfAacute Orthodontist -B nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
Avcbvi myrsaquo`i nvwm wdwiDaggerq dagger`qvi cig eUumlz|
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daggerVvuU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerki wkiumlDagger`i GKwU AbumlZg
mgmumlv| wewfbœ MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv wMDaggerqDaggerQ cOumlwZ 700 RDaggerb 1 Rb daggerVvuU KvUv Ges cOumlwZ 1000 RDaggerb
1 Rb wkiuml Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| daggerVvuU KvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggerQDaggerj wkiumlDagger`i Ges
ZvjyKvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggergDaggerq-wkiumlDagger`i gvDaggerS|
wewfbœ KviDaggerY wkiuml daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri _vDaggerK| kZKiv 25 fvM daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GUv eskMZ KviDaggerY nDaggerq _vDaggerK| hw` 1 Rb ZvjyKvUv daggerivMx 1 Rb mymacrrsquo gvbylDaggerK weDaggerq KDaggeri ZDaggere
ZvDagger`i ev‛Pvi ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kivi mcurrencentvebv kZKiv 2 fvM|
Mfcopyvemacrrsquovi cOuml_g fvDaggerM gv hw` daggerKvb fvBivj BbDaggerdKkDaggerb Avmicrovšmdash nq ev kvixwiKfvDaggere
AvNvZcOumlvszlig nq ev niDaggergvDaggerbi fvimvgumlnxbZvq fyDaggerM ev wfUvwgDaggerbi AfvDaggere fyDaggerM _vDaggerK ev
daggeriwWDaggerqkDaggerb GmiddotDaggercvR nq ev _umlvwjDaggerWvgvBW RvZxq Ilya MOumlnY KDaggeri ZDaggere wkiumli daggerVvuU ev
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| KvDaggerQi AvZyenxq macr^RDaggerbi gvDaggerS weDaggerq nDaggerjI wkiuml G mgmumlv
wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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DaggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq wkiuml RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerj cwieviDaggerK bvbv aiDaggerYi mvgvwRK I gvbwmK
mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ nq| wkiuml hLb GB mgmumlv wbDaggerq eo nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZLb daggermI gvbwmKfvDaggere
nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ _vDaggerK| G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ K_v
ejDaggerZ I iumlbDaggerZ mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| `vuDaggerZi mgmumlvi gDaggerauml hv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Zvi gDaggerauml AbumlZg
nDagger‛Q-wewfbœ `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKv `vuZ wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV gyDaggerLi Abuml daggerKvb RvqMvq
DVv evowZ wKQy `vuZ _vKv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb ksup3 bv nIqv `vuDaggerZi MVb myrsaquo`i bv nIqv
gvwoi wewfbœ mgmumlv `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPy-bxPz nIqv|
daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv daggerivMxDagger`i wPwKrmv weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmKDagger`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutev Qvov mcurrencente
bq| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Orthodontist Gi f~wgKv iumlisbquo nq ev‛Pvi RDaggerbyeni ci ciB| daggerhDaggernZz daggerVvuU I
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv nq daggermRbuml wkiumli RDaggerbyeni ci ciB
gyDaggerLi wfZi covi Rbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b daggerhb wkiumli daggerLDaggerZ
daggerKvb mgmumlv bv nq|
kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wkiumli 3-6 gvm eqDaggerm daggerVvuU I 1-2 eQi eqDaggerm Zvjy wVK KiDaggerZ
nDaggere GKRb AwfAacute kjuml wPwKrmK Oslashviv| kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg daggerVvuU I Zvjy wVK Kivi ci
wkiumli DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj hvDaggerZ msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GK aiDaggerYi
Appliance ev hšiquest bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b|
wkiumli Mixed dentition stage (6-12 eQi eqm) -G gyDaggerL daggerKvb AwZwisup3 `vuZ
_vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GQvov mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Cross bite _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuZ
AvuKv evKv _vKDaggerj ev Molar ev daggerclY `vDaggerZi Relation wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere Removable ev Fixed appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo
KiDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
me macrrsquovqx `vuZ PDaggerj Avmvi ci macrrsquovqxfvDaggere daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Kvgo (Occlusion
improve) wVK Kivi Rbuml Fixed ev Removable appliance w`Daggerq Orthodontist
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb Ges daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggereb|
GB mgDaggerq gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyDaggerK wVK Kivi Rbuml cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj Bony Graft Kiv daggerhDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| Gi dDaggerj Orthodontic treatment Gi daggerh djvdj ZvI Aparazbœ _vKDaggere|
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daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLvi ci Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere daggerivMxDaggerK
Permanent Retainer bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv daggerivMxDaggerK me mgq cDaggero _vKDaggerZ nDaggere|
Amacrlsaquovi weRqx DaggerRvqvDaggerKb wdwbmiddot RDaggerbyeni mgq daggerVvuU KvuUv wQj
daggerVvuU KuvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv daggerKvb Awfkvc bq| mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg
GDaggerK mvwiDaggerq daggerZvjv mcurrencente| `iKvi iumlay mevi mDaggerPZbZv Avi mwVK mgDaggerq weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri daggerm Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY Kiv|
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ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerKvb eqDaggerm iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ Zv AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKiB ARvbv|
ADaggerbK AwffveKB eySDaggerZ cvDaggerib bv wkiumli ADagger_copyvWbwUK mgmumlvi Rbuml daggerKvb eqDaggerm
Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| AAacutevbZvi Rbuml ev Abuml daggerKvb wOslashav-OslashDaggerrsaquo`i
KviDaggerY Zviv ADaggerbK mgqB ADaggerbK dagger`ix KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb wPwKrmvi
Rbuml| dDaggerj wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc wPwKrmvi eumlvwszligKvj daggereDaggero hvq| wKQyDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK
chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc
wPwKrmvi djvdj Avkvbyiƒc nq bv| KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv KZUv
Risbquoix| GLb Avwg ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi eqm mxgv wbDaggerq AvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri AvcbvDagger`i
wKQyUv nDaggerjI aviYv dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev Kie|
AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerk ADaggerbK wkiumlB daggerVvuU ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| Kzmsmacrlsaquoviv‛Qbœ
gvbyliv GDaggerK Awfkvc ev fvDaggerMumli wjLb gDaggerb KDaggeri nvZ cv cedilwUDaggerq eDaggerm _vDaggerK daggerKvb wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri bv| wKšlsquo gDaggerb ivLDaggereb daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumli
AwffveKDagger`i DwPZ RDaggerbyeni ci ciB GKRb AwfAacute Orhodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY Kiv|
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KviY G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i RDaggerbyeni ciB cOumlavb I cOuml_g daggerh mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q Zv nDaggerjv Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mgmumlv| Orthodontist Gmgq GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv wkiumlDaggerK Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml LyeB parawZKi GKwU Afumlvm|
mvaviYZ `yB dagger_DaggerK wZb eQi eqDaggermi gDaggerauml Avcbv Avcwb wkiuml G AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KDaggeri daggerdDaggerj|
wKšlsquo ZviciI hw` wkiuml AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere AwffveKDagger`i Gi parawZKi w`KwU
mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere Ges microgvMZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv PjDaggerZ _vKDaggerj wkiumlDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj G AfumlvmwU
`~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance) bullZwi KDaggeri w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib
hvDaggerZ KDaggeri fwelumlDaggerZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi KviDaggerY wkiumli `vuDaggerZi webumlvm AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv hvq|
mvaviYZ 5-6 eQi eqm dagger_DaggerK wkiumlDagger`i `ya `vuZ coDaggerZ iumlisbquo KDaggeri| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK mgq
dagger`Lv hvq AvNvZ RwbZ paraq RwbZ ev Abuml daggerKvb daggerivDaggerMi KviDaggerY wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya
`vuZ cDaggero hvq ev daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| `vuZ covi ci daggerh dvuKv RvqMvwU _vDaggerK daggerm RvqMvwU ZLb
`yB cvDaggerki `vuZ w`Daggerq eUuml nDaggerq hvq| dDaggerj rsquovqx `vuZ DVvi Rbuml chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv daggercDaggerq
Amacr^vfvweK daggerKvb RvqMvq `vuZ DDaggerV Ges `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi mcurrencentvebv daggereDaggero hvq| GB dvuKv
macrrsquovbwU hvDaggerZ cvDaggerki `vuZ Oslashviv eUuml bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl hšiquest bullZwi
KDaggeri w`Daggereb hvDaggerK Space maintainer eDaggerj| KvDaggerRB daggerKvb `ya`vuZ hw` Zvi wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi
AvDaggerM cDaggero hvq ZDaggere dagger`ix bv KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi mvDagger_ dagger`Lv Kisbquob|
ADaggerbK ev‛PvDagger`i dagger`Lv hvq DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj daggerewk evoDaggerQ ev hZUzKz evovi K_v
ZZUzKz evoDaggerQ bv| Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc evošmdash eqDaggerm (6-12) Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cOumlDaggerqvRb AbymvDaggeri Face
mask ev Chin cap eumlenvi KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb hv ev‛Pvi DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimesDaggerK
mwVK AmacrrsquovDaggerb wbDaggerZ mnvqZv KiDaggere|
DaggerVuvU I ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i daggerVvuU I Zvjy kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wVK
Kivi ci mwVK mgq Orthodontist Gmiddotcvbmb macrŒz (Expansion screw) ZvjyDaggerZ jvwMDaggerq
dagger`b hvDaggerZ DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq| G wkiumlDagger`i 8-10 eQi eqDaggerm bone
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grafting Kivi Rbuml kjuml wPwKrmKDaggerK cOumlDaggerqvRbxq civgkcopy I mnvqZv w`Daggerq _vDaggerKb
Orthodontist|
6-12 eQi eqDaggerm hLb wkiumli gyDaggerL `ya I macrrsquovqx Dfq cOumlKvi `vuZ we`umlgvb ZLb hw`
`vuDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo (Cross bite) daggerewk Kvgo (Deep bite) dagger`Lv hvq ZDaggere
Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRbxq eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggereb hvDaggerZ fwelumlDaggerZ KvgocedilDaggerjv AvDaggeriv Lvivc -Gi w`DaggerK
bv hvq|
`ya `vuZ me cDaggero hvevi ci I macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVvi ci AvuKv evuKv DuPz -bxPz `vuZ wVK
Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS Removable Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ
ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere) ev Fixed Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere bv) w`Daggerq
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb|
ADaggerbDaggerKiB gDaggerbB cOumlkœ _vDaggerK daggerh daggerewk eqDaggerm Orthodontic wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere wKbv|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuZ nvo I GDagger`i mvDagger_ mcurrenuacuteKcopyhysup3 structure cedilDaggerjv fvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZDaggere daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv Kiv mcurrencente|
cOumlvszlig eqDaggerm hw` DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj hw` Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes daggercDaggerq _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv
wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj kjuml wPwKrmvi Oslashvimacrrsquo nDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi mdjZv wbfcopyi KDaggeri wPwKrmDaggerKi AwfAacuteZv daggerivMx I Zvi
AwffveDaggerKi mnDaggerhvwMZv I mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi Dci|
gDaggerb ivLDaggereb mgDaggerqi GK daggerdvuo AmgDaggerqi `k daggerdvuo| mwVK mgDaggerq mwVK KvRwU KiDaggerj
Avcwb daggerh djvdj cvDaggereb dagger`ix KDaggeri KvRwU KiDaggerj daggermB djvdj Avcwb bvI daggercDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
Avcbvi daggerKvb wbKURDaggerbi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj mwVK mgDaggerq Orthodontist
Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggerZ fyjDaggereb bv daggerhb|
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Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Dci Bracket
ev Brace covDaggerbv _vDaggerK| Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq
Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv wbDagger`kcopyvejx wVKgZ daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj wPwKrmv cieZcopyx RwUjZv dagger`Lv
dagger`evi mcurrencentvebv LyeB Kg|
Fixed Orthodontic treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq gyL I `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZ weDaggerkl hZœ wbDaggerZ
nDaggere| daggerhme welDaggerqi Dci daggerewk daggerewk bRi ivLDaggerZ nDaggere Zv bxDaggerP dagger`qv nDaggerjvt
1 daggerhw`b daggerivMxi gyDaggerL Bracket emvDaggerbv nDaggere Zvici dagger_DaggerK 24 NrsaquoUv chcopyšmdash ksup3 Lvevi
LvIqv DwPZ bq| GDaggerZ Bracket LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| H 24 NrsaquoUv Lye daggerRvDaggeri daggerRvDaggeri `vuZ
eordfvk Kiv I DwPZ bq| daggerivMx Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv civgkcopy Abyhvqx `vuZ eordfvk
KiDaggere I macr^vfvweK Lvevi LvDaggere|
2 Bracket covDaggerbvi 2-3 w`b chcopyšmdash daggerivMxi GKUz Amacr^wmacrmdash nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GDaggerZ fDaggerqi wKQy
daggerbB| gyDaggerL bZzb wKQy wRwbm emvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2-3 w`b ci Zv AfumlvDaggerm cwiYZ nDaggerq
hvDaggere|
3 cOumlwZevi Lvevi LvIqvi ci AekumlB `vuZ fvDaggerjvfvDaggere eordfvk KiDaggerZ nDaggere| mKvDaggerj I ivDaggerZ
daggerdnotvivBW hysup3 Uz_Daggercdivide w`Daggerq `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggere| Abumlvbuml mgq Uz_ daggercoacute Qvov eordfvk KiDaggerjI
PjDaggere|
4 cOumlwZ wZb (3) gvm ci ci Uz_eordfvk e`j KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Uz_eordfvDaggerki weordfmampjcedilDaggerjv daggerhb big
(Medium soft) nq Zv daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
5 Bracket ev appliance -Gi Dci bxDaggerP 45 daggerKvDaggerY eordfvk aDaggeri `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
6 Lye daggerRvDaggeri Pvc w`Daggerq eordfvk Kiv hvDaggere bv| GDaggerZ KDaggeri Appliance LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
7 `vuDaggerZi daggerh cvDaggerk Appliance AvDaggerQ daggermB cvDaggerk Appliance -Gi Dci AvjDaggerZvfvDaggere
NywiDaggerq NywiDaggerq eordfvk KDaggeri `vuZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| `vuDaggerZi Abumlvbuml cvkcedilDaggerjvI daggerhb
fvDaggerjvfvDaggere cwireglsaquovi Kiv nq daggermw`DaggerK daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
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8 cOumlwZevi Lvevi Gi ci eordfvk Kiv mcurrencente bv nDaggerj LyefvDaggerjv KDaggeri KzjKzwP KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
9 `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerSi gqjv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Dental Floss eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
DaggerKvb KvwV ev myuB w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerLvPvDaggerbv hvDaggere bv|
10 wRnŸv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Tongue Cleanser eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
11 cOumlDaggerqvRDaggerb fvDaggerjv Mouth Wash eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere ZDaggerewPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy
Abyhvqx|
12 `vuDaggerZi gvwo Avfrac12yj w`Daggerq Massage Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
13 daggerKvb appliance daggerfDaggerfrac12 daggerMDaggerj ev LyDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ev Appliance Gi KviDaggerY gyDaggerL daggerKvb
mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj dagger`ix bv KDaggeri mDaggerfrac12 mDaggerfrac12 Orthondontist-Gi civgkcopy wbDaggerZ nDaggere|
14 wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq ksup3 Lvevi (nvo AvL) LvIqv cwinvi KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
15 AvVvDaggerjv RvZxq Lvevi (PzBs Mvg) LvIqv ev` w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
16 daggercqviv AvDaggercj ev daggerh daggerKvb ksup3 Lvevi Kvgo w`Daggerq bv daggerLDaggerq daggerQvU daggerQvU UzKiv KDaggeri
daggerLDaggerZ nDaggere|
17 Orthodontist DaggerhfvDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK AvmDaggerZ ejDaggereb (1gvm ci ci) AekumlB Zv cvjb
KiDaggerZ nDaggere| bv nDaggerj daggerivMxi wPwKrmv daggerkl nDaggerZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi daggerewk jvMDaggere|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbPz `vuZ wVK Kivi Rbuml daggerhgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Oslashviv mwVK wPwKrmv daggerZgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerivMx Ges daggerivMxi AwffveDaggerKi
mnDaggerhvwMZv Ges Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy Abyhvqx Pjv| ZDaggereB DaggerivMx wPwKrmv DaggerkDaggerl cvDaggere
KvwldquoparaZ myrsaquo`i `vuZ|
49
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
50
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ dnotwms
51
daggerQvAElig GKwU evMvDaggerb hw` ADaggerbKcedilDaggerjv MvQ daggereDaggero DVDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZDaggere ADaggerbK MvDaggerQi macr^vfvweK ebdquowtimes
weboacute nq Ges evMvbwU wKQyw`b ci Nb Rfrac12Daggerj cwiYZ nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK| ZLb hw` daggermLvb
dagger_DaggerK wKQy MvQ daggerKDaggerU daggerdjv nq ZDaggere evMvbwUi evKxMvQcedilDaggerjv iparav daggercDaggerq macr^vfvweKfvDaggere daggereDaggero
DVDaggere|
daggerZgwb gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerh cwigvY RvqMv AvDaggerQ Zvi daggerPDaggerq hw` `vuDaggerZi msLumlv daggerewk wKsev
`vuZ Lye daggerekx AvuKv evKv DuPz `uvZ _vKDaggerj ZDaggere Zv wVK KDaggeri `vuZDaggerK mywebumlvmacrmdash myrsaquo`i KDaggeri
daggerZvjvi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgq daggerivMxi wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB daggerivMx ev
Zvi AwffveK `vuZ daggerZvjvi K_v iumlbDaggerj fq cvq| Zviv fvDaggere `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ ADaggerbK euml_v
jvMDaggere ev daggerPvDaggerLi daggereordfBDaggerbi hw` daggerKvb parawZ nq| Zviv Orthodontist daggerK `vuZ bv ZzDaggerj
wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml AbyDaggeriva KDaggeri _vDaggerK| wKšlsquo ZvDagger`i G mKj aviYv mcurrenuacute~Ycopy Ag~jK| `vuZ
ZzjDaggerj daggerPvDaggerLi ev daggereordfBDaggerbi daggerKvb parawZ nqbv| GKRb AwfAacute wPwKrmK ZvB KiDaggereb hv KiDaggerj
daggerivMxi wPwKrmv fvDaggerjvfvDaggere mcurrenuacutebœ nDaggere Ges daggerivMx I Zvi AwffveK mšlsquowoacute jvf KiDaggere| Avi
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM wbw copyoacute rsquovb fvDaggerjvfvDaggere Aek KDaggeri wbDaggerj Ges wPwKrmDaggerKi dagger`qv DcDagger`k `vuZ
daggerZvjvi w`b I cieZcopyx KDaggerqKw`b mwVKfvDaggere daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj `vuZ daggerZvjvi ci daggerivMxi daggerZgb daggerKvb
Amyweav nq bv ejDaggerjB PDaggerj|
52
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM
`vuZ daggerZvjvi cDaggeri
53
ADaggerbDaggerKB AvDaggerQb hviv ivDaggerZ NygvDaggerbvi AvDaggerM Ges mKvDaggerj bvmacrmdashv Lvevi ci `vuZ eordfvk
KDaggerib `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Kvj wejcurren^ bv KDaggeri `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggerib
`vuDaggerZi mymacrrsquoZvi Rbuml hv hv `iKvi Zviv Zv-B KDaggerib| GmeB nDaggerjv fvDaggerjv Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi
Rbuml LyeB DcKvix|
wKšlsquo Ggb wKQy Afumlvm AvDaggerQ hv gyL I `vuDaggerZi macr^vDaggermacrrsquoumli Rbuml LyeB parawZKi| Gme
e`AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi bvbv aiDaggerYi mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q| GB AfumlvmcedilDaggerjvi gDaggerauml Avfrac12yj
daggerPvlv wRnŸampv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv ev daggerVjv dagger`Iqv daggerKvb mgmumlv bv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI gyL w`Daggerq wbkbrvbarvm
daggerbqv daggerVvuU I bL KvgovDaggerbv AbumlZg|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK| evev gv hw` GUv daggerLqvj KDaggerib ZDaggere wkiumlDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere daggerh Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv Lvivc| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz nDaggerq hvq ADaggerbK mgq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bvI coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Open bite) bxDaggerPi
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daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZcedilDaggerjv msKzwPZ nDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK hZUzKz daggerXDaggerK ivLv
DwPZ Zv KDaggerg daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerbvi ci I hw` Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm bv KDaggerg ZDaggere wkiumli 2-3 eQi eqm
chcopyšmdash ADaggercparav KiDaggerZ nDaggere| ADaggerbK mgq 3 eQi eqDaggermi ci wkiumli GB Afumlvm PDaggerj hvq|
ZviciI hw` wkiuml G Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere GKRb AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12
civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| wPwKrmK `iKvi gDaggerb nDaggerj daggerKvb Appliance ev hšiquest w`Daggereb hv
wkiumlDaggerK GB Afumlvm `~i KiDaggerZ mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wkiumli hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK ZDaggere DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DPuy nDaggerq hvq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bv coDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerivMx gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri
wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq Avcbvi daggermvbvgwbi hw` Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml
parawZKi ZDaggere cOuml_DaggergB ZvDaggerK eySvb| ZvDaggerZ KvR bv nDaggerj Aemacrrsquov hvDaggerZ AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv
hvq daggermRbuml AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy Kisbquob|
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OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
56
CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
57
KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
59
GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
60
ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
61
daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
17
3 wWmDaggercshymDaggergrsaquoU (Displacement)
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq GKwU `vuDaggerZi daggerh RvqMvq Aemacrrsquovb Kivi K_v daggermLvb dagger_DaggerK mDaggeri Abuml
RvqMvq PDaggerj hvq|
wWmDaggercshymDaggergrsaquoU
(Displacement)
4 GKDaggerUvwcK Bivcmb (Ectopic Eruption)
`vuZ Zvi wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV Abuml daggerKvb `vuDaggerZi RvqMvq ev Abuml daggerKvb
Amacr^vfvweK AemacrrsquovDaggerb DDaggerV|
GKDaggerUvwcK Bivcmb
(Ectopic Eruption)
5 Cross Bite ev DDaggereumlv Kvgo Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii daggerPqvDaggerji
mvgDaggerbi `vuZ cedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `uvZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL Ges DcDaggerii
daggerPvqvDaggerji wcQDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ mvgvbuml evBDaggerii
18
w`DaggerK _vDaggerK| GDaggerK Normal Bite ev macr^vfvweK Kvgo eDaggerj| GB Aemacrrsquovi DDaggereumlvwU hLb
NDaggerU ZLb ZvDaggerK Cross Bite ev DDaggereumlv Kvgo eDaggerj|
Cross Bite
ev DDaggereumlv Kvgo
6 (IDaggercb evBU) Open bite
Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerii cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi daggerPqvDaggerji
cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi GKwU macruacutekcopy _vDaggerK| daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` Kvgo dagger`qv Ae rsquovq DcDaggerii cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi msmacruacutekcopy bv _vDaggerK Ges Gi dDaggerj `yB cvwU `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS
dvuKv _vDaggerK ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Open bite eDaggerj|
IDaggercb evBU
(Open bite)
7 wWc evBU (Deep bite)
Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi
GK ZhellipZxqvsk daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL| wKšlsquo daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi cyDaggerivUv daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL ZLb ZvDaggerK Deep bite ev daggerewk Kvgo eDaggerj|
19
(wWc evBU) Deep bite
8 Knotvm 2 gumlvjAKnotzmb
(Class II malocclusion Division 1) GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ macr^vfvweDaggerKi daggerPDaggerq ADaggerbK mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| DcDaggerii cvwUcopyi mvgDaggerbi
`vZcedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK DuPz nq|
Knotvm 2 wWwfkb 1 gumlvjAvKnotzmb
11 Knotvm 3 gumlvjAKnotzmb (Class III Malocclusion)
20
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi cvwcopyUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL
ev DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi Inscisal Edge GDaggerK AcDaggerii DcDaggeri Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| hvDaggerK
Edge To Edge Bite eDaggerj|
Knotvm 3 gumlvjAKnotzmb
12 Zvjy KvUv I daggerVvuU KvUv t
GwU GKwU RbyenMZ mgmumlv ADaggerbDaggerK iumlay daggerVvU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv Avevi ADaggerbDaggerK Dfq
mgmumlv wbDaggerqB RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| AwfAacute wPwKrmKebdquoDaggerrsaquo`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutevi gvaumlDaggerg mwVK
mgDaggerq mwVK wPwKrmv w`Daggerq daggerVvuU I Zvjy KvUv fvDaggerjv Kiv AvRKvj daggerKvb mgmumlvB bq|
21
Zvjy KvUv
daggerVvuU KvUv
DcDaggerii AvDaggerjvPbvq Avwg wKQy mgmumlv Lye mnR fvlvq AvcbvDagger`i eySvDaggerZ daggerPoacutev KDaggeriwQ|
GmKj mgmumlvi mswparaszlig weeiY wfZDaggerii cOumlwZwU AaumlvDaggerq dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev KiwQ|
22
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PROF IIDA JUN ICHI RO DR SAGOR amp
PROF TT YAMAMOTO AT KOREA
23
At IADR Seminar USA
Avcwb nqDaggerZvev Avcbvi wbDaggerRi A_ev daggerKvb wcOumlqRDaggerbi AvuKv evuKv `vuZ wbDaggerq LyeB
`ywethšmdashvMOumlmacr mdash| mywPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg Orthodontist AvcbvDaggerK GB `ywethšmdashv dagger_DaggerK gysup3 KiDaggerZ
cvDaggerib| wKšlsquo Avcwb wK RvDaggerbb daggerKb `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPz bxPz nq Avmyb bxDaggerPi AvDaggerjvPbvi
gvaumlDaggerg Avgiv cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy GB cOumlkœwUi DEumli LyuDaggerR daggerbB|
wewfbœ wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv wewfbœfvDaggere `vuZ AvuKv-evuKv nevi KviY mg~nDaggerK daggerkordfYxetimes
KDaggeriDaggerQb| AvcbvDagger`i Rvbvi myweavDagger_copy Lye mnR fvlvq `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi KviY mg~n wbDaggerP
dagger`qv njt
1| RbyenMZ KviY t K) wkiuml hw` daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| L) wkiumli
RDaggerbyeni mgq gv_vq AvNvZ daggercDaggerj| M) wewfbœ JlDaggerai cvkbrvbarcopy cOumlwZmicroqvi Rbuml|
2| eskMZ KviDaggerYt daggerPvqvj Lye daggerewk eo ev daggerQvU nDaggerj| daggerPvqvDaggerj me `vuZ aDaggeri
ivLvi gZ chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKDaggerj|
3| niDaggergvDaggerbi wewfbœ mgmumlv daggerhgbt Cretinism acromegali _vKDaggerj|
4| daggerPvqvj ev `vuDaggerZi bxDaggerP daggerKvb wUDgvi _vKDaggerj ev AvNvZ daggercDaggerj|
5| fyj ctimeswZDaggerZ Lvevi wMjDaggerj (Improper Swallowing)|
6| gyDaggerL daggerKvb `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKDaggerj|
7| `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AvKhellipwZ Amacr^vfvweK nDaggerj|
8| gyDaggerL AwZwisup3 daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj|
9| DaggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi gDaggerauml jydegvwqZ _vKDaggerj|
10| wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya `vuZ daggerdDaggerj w`Daggerj|
11| `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi ciI ADaggerbKw`b aDaggeri gyDaggerL Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerj|
12| macrrsquovqx daggerKvb `vuZ bv _vKDaggerj|
13| macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVDaggerZ dagger`ix KiDaggerj|
14| AvNvZ daggercDaggerj|
15| DaggerKvb `vuZ mnRfvDaggere DVDaggerZ euml_copy nDaggerj|
16| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv dagger`qv cOumlfbdquowZ AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi
cOumlavb KviYmg~nDaggerZv RvbDaggerjb| Avmyb bv Rvbv AacutevbUvDaggerK KvDaggerR jvMvB| DcDaggerivsup3
24
KviYmg~n hw` KvDaggeriv gvDaggerS dagger`LDaggerZ cvB ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY
KiDaggerZ ewj|
hLb KvDaggeriv gv_vq PzDaggerji cwigvb macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ Kg _vDaggerK ZLb ZvDaggerK KZB bv
`ywethšmdashv MOumlmacr mdash dagger`Lvq| gv_vi Pzjwenxb dvuKv macrrsquovb wKfvDaggere `~i Kiv hvq Zv wbDaggerq daggerhb wPšmdashvi daggerkl
_vDaggerK bv| wVK daggerZgwbfvDaggere wKQy gvbyDaggerli `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMv dagger`Lv hvq| ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcirc
Zviv Abuml gvbyDaggerli mvgDaggerb K_v ejDaggerZ GgbwK cOumlvb LyDaggerj nvmDaggerZI Amacr^wmacrmdash daggereva KDaggeri| hviv dvuKv
`vuDaggerZi mgmumlv fyMDaggerQb ZvDagger`i `ywethšmdashvi w`b daggerkl| ADagger_copyvWbwUKm wPwKrmvi KjumlvDaggerb dvuKv
`vuDaggerZi wPwKrmv GLb Avi daggerKvb mgmumlvB bq|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy
wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
25
mvaviY ADagger_copy Spacing ejDaggerZ Avgiv dvuKv macrrsquovb eywS| wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi fvlvq hLb
g yDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb daggerKvb `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMv _vDaggerK ZLb ZvDaggerK Spacing eDaggerj|
cOumlKviDaggerf` t Spacing `yB aiDaggerYi nDaggerq _vDaggerK|
1) Generalized Spacing daggerPvqvDaggerji me ev AwaKvsk `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv
_vKDaggerj|
2) Localized Spacing `yB ev ZDaggerZvwaK `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerj|
DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `ywU `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerj ZvDaggerK Median
Diastema eDaggerj|
Spacing ev dvuKvi KviY t
1 daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq `vuDaggerZi AvKvi hw` daggerQvU nq
2 RbyenMZfvDaggere daggerKvb `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKDaggerj|
3 Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj|
4 DaggerKvb `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AwZ paraz`ordf nDaggerj|
5 `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerj|
6 wmdivide wUDgvi _vKDaggerj|
7 wRnŸv eo _vKDaggerj| (macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ)
8 `vuZ wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK NyDaggeri daggerMDaggerj
9 GQvov daggerVuvU ev MvDaggerji KviDaggerY A_ev AwZwisup3 daggerKvb `vuZ gyDaggerL _vKDaggerj Zv cvDaggerki
`vuZDaggerK Pressure w`Daggerq mwiDaggerq Spacing KDaggeri|
Spacing wKfvDaggere wbYcopyq Kiv nq t
K) DaggerivMxi gyL MnŸi chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri
L) DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZiƒc ev Model dagger`DaggerL
M) x-ray dagger`DaggerL|
26
Spacing Gi Amyweav mg~nt
duvKv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI daggerivMxi Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv K_v ejvi
mgq daggerKvb daggerKvb katilde macruacuteoacutefvDaggere D‛PviDaggerY mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt
Spacing Gi wPwKrmv Kivi c~Daggerecopy daggerivMxi BwZnvm fvDaggerjvfvDaggere RvbDaggerZ nDaggere Ges
Spacing Gi mcurrencentveuml KviY mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggerZ nDaggere| hw` daggerivMxi Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK
hvi Rbuml `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMvi mbdquowoacute nDagger‛Q ZDaggere daggermB Afumlvm ev` dagger`qvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| ZviciI hw` daggerivMx Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere Habit breaking
appliance eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere| daggerKvb
TumourCyst _vKDaggerj Zv AcmviY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Spacing hw` Lye mvgvbuml cwigvDaggerY nq
Ges daggerivMxi hw` daggerKvb AwfDaggerhvM bv _vDaggerK ZDaggere wPwKrmv bv KivDaggerj I PDaggerj| ZDaggere Spacing
ADaggerbK daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontics wPwKrmv jvMDaggere| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri
wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wK aiDaggerYi wPwKrmv w`Daggereb| Spacing wVK Kivi Rbuml yB aiDaggerYi hšiquest ev
appliance use Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Removable Appliance)
Orthodontist `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ Fixed KDaggeri Appliance wU jvwMDaggerq w`Daggereb
(Fixed appliance) hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggerebv|
hw` `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mvgvbuml dvuKv _vDaggerK ZDaggere `vuDaggerZi iDaggerOi mvDagger_ wgwjDaggerq Filling Kiv
daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
GQvov gyDaggerLi Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS KhellipwIcircg `vuZ ewmDaggerq I Spacing Correction Kiv hvq| DaggerZv
Avcbvi hw` _vDaggerK dvuKv `vuDaggerZi mgmumlv ZDaggere PDaggerj Avmyb AwfAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ| wPwKrmv
KwiDaggerq `vuDaggerZi dvuKv wVK Kisbquob cOumlvY LyDaggerj nvmyb Avi nDaggerq DVyb AvKlcopyYxq|
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mvaviYfvDaggere Crowding ejDaggerZ daggerKvb wKQyi AvwaKumlDaggerK daggerevSvq| wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi
fvlvq gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKvi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi macr^vfvweK webumlvm evavMOumlmacrrsquo nDaggerq daggerh
wekbdquoldquoLjZv mbdquowoacute nq ZvDaggerK Crowding eDaggerj|
KviYmg~nt wewfbœ KviDaggerY gyDaggerL Crowding nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Zvi gDaggerauml DDaggerjshyLDaggerhvMuml
KviYmg~n bxDaggerP Dagger`qv njt
1 gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AvKhellipwZi mvgAumlmuml bv _vKDaggerj|
2 `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj|
3 `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi ADaggerbK AvDaggerM cDaggero daggerMDaggerj
4 macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVDaggerZ dagger`ix nDaggerj
5 AvNvZ daggercDaggerj
6 DaggerKvb `vuZ evowZ _vKDaggerj
7 Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj
28
8 daggerPvqvj macr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes bv daggercDaggerj
Crowding wbYcopyqt
1 daggerivMxi gyLMnŸi chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri|
2 DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Model ev cOumlwZiƒc dagger`DaggerL
3 GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL|
Crowding Gi djvdj t
`vuDaggerZi Dci cOumlfvet Gi dDaggerj `vuZ Zvi wbDaggerRi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK NyDaggeri daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri
`vuZ daggernDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri GgbwK daggerKvb daggerKvb `vuZ bvI DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Dci cOumlfve t
1 DaggerivMx mvgvwRKfvDaggere wewfbœ mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
2 DaggermŠrsaquo`hcopynvwb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
3 `vuZ wVKgZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ bv cvivi KviDaggerY `vuZ I gvwoi wewfbœ daggerivDaggerM Avmicrovšmdash
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
4 nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmv t
1 cOumlwZDaggerivag~jK eumlemacrrsquovt
hw` daggerivMxi cwievDaggeri KvDaggeriv `vuDaggerZ Crowding _vDaggerK ZDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist-Gi chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ covi mwVK mgq bv Avmv chcopyšmdash `ya `vuZDaggerK msiparaY Kivi daggerPoacutev KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggerKvb paraqDaggerivM dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerZ daggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml
boacute bv nq|
Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj ZumlvM KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ mwVK mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj Zv wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq daggerdDaggerj dagger`qvi eumlemacrrsquov KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
29
gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere avivevwnKfvDaggere wbw`copyoacute wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerK
wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi fvlvq Serial extraction ejv nq|
2 msDaggerkvab g~jK eumlemacrrsquov t
K) DaggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml evovDaggerbv
DaggerPvqvjDaggerK cOumlmvwiZ Kiv
mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK wKQyUv DuPz Kiv
Daggergvjvi `vuZDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerUDaggerb Daggerbqv
vuDaggerZi AvKvi daggerQvU KDaggeri daggerdjv
`vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjv t
Crowding Gi cwigvY Lye daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontist wVK KiDaggereb daggerKvb `vuZwU
daggerdjDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
Crowding Lye daggerewk nDaggerj ev gvSvwi aiDaggerYi nDaggerj Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggerq
Removable ev Fixed daggerh daggerKvb GK aiDaggerYi appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggereb|
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Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi
msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy AvDaggerm| wKšlsquo daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` DcDaggerii cvwUcopyi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy bv
AvDaggerm Ges Gi dDaggerj DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi cvwUcopyi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mecopy`v dvuKv macrrsquovb _vDaggerK Ges gyL
mcurrenuacute~YcopyiƒDaggerc eUuml bv nq ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Open Bite eDaggerj|
mvaviYfvDaggere Open Bite ejDaggerZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi
Kvgo bv jvMvDaggerK daggerevSvq|
Open bite mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ ev wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Open Bite Gi KviY
mg~nt Avfrac12yj weDaggerkl KDaggeri ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Open bite nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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wRnŸv macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ eo _vKDaggerj ev hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjvavdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm
_vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS _vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi
DcDaggerii AsDaggerk (occlusal surface) -G _vDaggerK ZDaggere Open Bite nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
G Qvov daggerivMx hw` Bony Dysplasia Congenital wmwdwjm BZumlvw` daggerivDaggerM fyDaggerM
_vDaggerK ZDaggereI Open bite Gi mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt Open bite Gi wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml mecopycOuml_g daggerivMxDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOuml_Daggerg Open bite nevi KviY
mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggereb| hw` daggerivMxi Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK
ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm `~i Kivi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb
KDaggerib ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm ~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance)
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib daggerivMxDaggerK|
Open bite hw` gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj hvq ZDaggere Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontic
appliance eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri hv Fixed ev Removable daggerh daggerKvb iKgB
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
hw` daggerPvqvDaggerji nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Open bite dagger`Lv hvq Ges daggerivMxi eqm hw` 6-12 eQi
nq ZDaggere Chin cap (Chin cap bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi ev bxDaggerPi w`DaggerKi ebdquowtimes
nIqvDaggerK cOumlwZDaggeriva KDaggeri) Gi mvDagger_ High pull head gear eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nevi ci Ges macrrsquovqx `vuZ me DVvi ci daggerPvqvDaggerji Amacr^vfvweK
ebdquowtimesRwbZ KviDaggerY daggerh Open bite nq Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Surgery Kiv DaggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq KvDaggeriv Open bite Gi mgmumlv _vKDaggerj AvovDaggerj Zvi mgvDaggerjvPbv bv
KDaggeri AvgvDagger`i mKDaggerji DwPZ ZvDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ
ejv| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cieZcopyx KiYxq mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy ejDaggerZ cviDaggereb| Zvui
civgkcopy Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY KiDaggerj Open bite wbivgq Kiv mcurrencente|
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`šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv Class II Malocclusion DaggerK `yB fvDaggerM fvM KDaggeriDaggerQb|
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion
2 Class II division 2 malocclusion
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion t
hw` KvDaggeriv daggerclY `vuDaggerZi mcurrenuacuteKcopy (Molar relation) Class II _vDaggerK Ges DcDaggerii
DaggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZ cedilDaggerjv DPz _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv Class II Division 1 Gi Ašmdashfycopysup3|
Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK
(Convex profile) DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ daggerewk daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL
DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK daggerewk mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| `vuZ DuPz nevi KviDaggerY
daggerivMx ADaggerbK mgq `yB daggerVuvU eUuml KiDaggerZ cvDaggeribv|
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2 Class II division 2 Malocclusion
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc Molar Relation Class II _vKDaggere A_copyvr DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev
Molar `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev Molar `vuDaggerZi dagger_DaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ mvgDaggerb
Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv wKQyUv wfZDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb
KiDaggere| mvaviYZ DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj GKB iKg AemacrrsquovDaggerb _vKDaggere (Straight Profile)
DcDaggerii `vuZcedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK cyDaggerivUv daggerXDaggerK ivLDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`ix bv KDaggeri GKRb Orthodontist daggerK Rvbvb|
Orthodontist wewfbœ chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri wPwKrmv ctimeswZ wVK KiDaggereb|
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Avcbvi AvDaggerk cvDaggerki gvbylcedilDaggerjvDaggerK GKUz fvDaggerjvfvDaggere jpara KiDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggereb daggerewki
fvM gvbyDaggerliB DcDaggeri daggerPvqvj Ges DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji
`vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ mvgvbuml GKUz mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK| Ges GUvB nDaggerjv macr^vfvweK| wKšlsquo wKQy gvbyDaggerli
daggerparaDaggerIcirc Gi DDaggereumlvUv dagger`Lv dagger`q| A_copyvr ZvDagger`i bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK _vDaggerK DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj ev DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ| GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi
fvlvq eDaggerj Class III malocclusion|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
`yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| 1Uv nDaggerjv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY| GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii
cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi
MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb dagger`DaggerL GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wKfvDaggere wPwKrmv KiDaggerj
daggerivMx mDaggerecopyvEumlg djvdj cvq|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion nq ZDaggere Orthodontic
Treatment A_copyvr iumlaygvIcirc Brace cwoDaggerqB wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere evošmdash ev cwiYZ daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB| ZDaggere Lye daggerewk eqDaggerm wPwKrmv KivDaggerj wPwKrmvi mgq daggereDaggero hvDaggere|
hw` evošmdash eqDaggerm nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion dagger`Lv dagger`q ZDaggere
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvjDaggerK mvgDaggerb Avbvi Rbuml ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvjDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerbqvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK wewfbœ
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aiDaggerYi hšiquest dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri eumlenvDaggerii Rbuml| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Face Mask Chin Cap DDaggerjshyL
daggerhvMuml|
hw` cwiYZ eqDaggerm gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerqi Class III malocclusion hv nvDaggerii MVDaggerbi
KviDaggerY nDaggerqDaggerQ Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ ZDaggere kjuml wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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evBgumlvmiddot
evBgvmiddot `y aiDaggerbi nq| evBgumlvwmiddotjvix cOumlUzordfmb Ges evBgumlvwmiddot jvix cOumlwKnotDaggerbmb| wK KwVb
katilde| Avmyb Lye mnDaggerR daggerRDaggerb daggerbB `uvZ I gvwoi Avi GK mgmumlv hvi bvg evBgvmiddot|
evBgumlvmiddot mgmumlvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj wKsev `uvZ wKsev DfqB mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK DPzu _vDaggerK| dDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv daggerVvU DPzu nDaggerq _vKv GgbwK gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ
cviv mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
mvavibZ `uvZ hw` Zzjbvg~jK fvDaggere eo GgbwK daggerPvqvj jcurren^v wKsev daggerXvK wMjvi mgq
wRnev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK Amacr^vfvweK fvDaggere `uvZDaggerK mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK daggerVjv w`Daggerj GB aiDaggerbi mgmumlv nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| NveovDaggerbvi wKQzB daggerbB GB mgmumlvi mgvavb Lye myrsaquo`i KDaggeri GK AwfAacute ADagger_copyDaggerWbwUdivide
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib| gDaggerb ivLDaggerZ nDaggere cOumlv_wgK Aemacrrsquovq GB mgmumlvi mgvavb KiDaggerj ZZUv RwUjZv nq
bv| eDaggerqvmwUuml KvDaggerji c~Daggere eDaggerqvmmwUuml KvDaggerji mgq Ges cDaggeri wPwKrmv eumlemacrrsquov cbdquo_K cbdquo_K nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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myrsaquo`Daggerii c~Rvix mKDaggerjB ZvB GB mgmumlv mgvavb KDaggeri
Avcwb nDaggerq DVyb myrsaquo`i `uvZ I nvwmi AwaKvix
39
daggerMR `vuZ(High Canine) DPz KZcopyb `vuZ t
AvgvDagger`i gyDaggerL eqm 5 eQi chcopyšmdash daggerh 20 wU `vuZ _vDaggerK Zvi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ
_vDaggerK| eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ 20wU `ya `vuZ hLb cDaggero wMDaggerq macrrsquovqx `vuZ DDaggerV ZLbI daggergvU
32wU `vuDaggerZi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ _vDaggerK| G KZcopyb `uvZcedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi 4wU daggerKvbvq AewmacrrsquoZ| ZvB
GDagger`iDaggerK Corner Stone of mouth eDaggerj| bvg iumlbDaggerjB daggerevSv hvq G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Lv`uml`ordfeumlDaggerK
KZcopyb KiDaggerZ Ges wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri| G `vuZ cedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK kwsup3kvjx| KviY G `vuDaggerZi
GbvDaggergDaggerji cyisbquoZiexcl Daggerewk Ges mvgDaggerbi 4wU `vuDaggerZi (Pecopyb `vuZ-Incisor tooth) ciciB
AewmacrrsquoZ| daggerKvb daggerKvb mgq wewfbœ KviY ekZt G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Zvi wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK wfbœ
AemacrrsquovDaggerb dagger`Lv hvq| hw` G `vuZcedilDaggerjv gvwoi gDaggerauml ev DcDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri ZLb ZvDaggerK
High Canine ev daggerMR `vuZ ejv nq| Avevi KLDaggerbv GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv Zvjyi w`K w`Daggerq DDaggerV|
ZLb GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK Palataly placed canine eDaggerj| Avevi KLDaggerbv I gvwo ev Zvjyi wfZDaggeri
G `vuZ Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| ZLb ZvDaggerK Impacted Canine ejv nq| GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi gDaggerauml
AZxe Risbquoix PviwU `vuZ| GB `vuZ daggerhgb Lv`uml`ordfeuml KZcopyb I wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri cvkvcvwk
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daggerPvqvDaggerji bovPovDaggerK wbqšiquestY KDaggeri| GB `vuZDaggerK Beauty tooth I ejv nq| ZvB G `vuDaggerZi
mvwietimesfvDaggere webumlvm LyeB Risbquoix|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ daggerh KDaggerqKwU mgmumlv ZzDaggerj aiv nDaggerjv G mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi mgvavb LyeB Risbquoix|
hw` daggerKD GiKg daggerKvb mgmumlvq fyDaggerM _vDaggerKb ZDaggere AwfAacute Orthodontist -B nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
Avcbvi myrsaquo`i nvwm wdwiDaggerq dagger`qvi cig eUumlz|
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daggerVvuU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerki wkiumlDagger`i GKwU AbumlZg
mgmumlv| wewfbœ MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv wMDaggerqDaggerQ cOumlwZ 700 RDaggerb 1 Rb daggerVvuU KvUv Ges cOumlwZ 1000 RDaggerb
1 Rb wkiuml Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| daggerVvuU KvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggerQDaggerj wkiumlDagger`i Ges
ZvjyKvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggergDaggerq-wkiumlDagger`i gvDaggerS|
wewfbœ KviDaggerY wkiuml daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri _vDaggerK| kZKiv 25 fvM daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GUv eskMZ KviDaggerY nDaggerq _vDaggerK| hw` 1 Rb ZvjyKvUv daggerivMx 1 Rb mymacrrsquo gvbylDaggerK weDaggerq KDaggeri ZDaggere
ZvDagger`i ev‛Pvi ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kivi mcurrencentvebv kZKiv 2 fvM|
Mfcopyvemacrrsquovi cOuml_g fvDaggerM gv hw` daggerKvb fvBivj BbDaggerdKkDaggerb Avmicrovšmdash nq ev kvixwiKfvDaggere
AvNvZcOumlvszlig nq ev niDaggergvDaggerbi fvimvgumlnxbZvq fyDaggerM ev wfUvwgDaggerbi AfvDaggere fyDaggerM _vDaggerK ev
daggeriwWDaggerqkDaggerb GmiddotDaggercvR nq ev _umlvwjDaggerWvgvBW RvZxq Ilya MOumlnY KDaggeri ZDaggere wkiumli daggerVvuU ev
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| KvDaggerQi AvZyenxq macr^RDaggerbi gvDaggerS weDaggerq nDaggerjI wkiuml G mgmumlv
wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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DaggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq wkiuml RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerj cwieviDaggerK bvbv aiDaggerYi mvgvwRK I gvbwmK
mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ nq| wkiuml hLb GB mgmumlv wbDaggerq eo nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZLb daggermI gvbwmKfvDaggere
nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ _vDaggerK| G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ K_v
ejDaggerZ I iumlbDaggerZ mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| `vuDaggerZi mgmumlvi gDaggerauml hv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Zvi gDaggerauml AbumlZg
nDagger‛Q-wewfbœ `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKv `vuZ wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV gyDaggerLi Abuml daggerKvb RvqMvq
DVv evowZ wKQy `vuZ _vKv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb ksup3 bv nIqv `vuDaggerZi MVb myrsaquo`i bv nIqv
gvwoi wewfbœ mgmumlv `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPy-bxPz nIqv|
daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv daggerivMxDagger`i wPwKrmv weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmKDagger`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutev Qvov mcurrencente
bq| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Orthodontist Gi f~wgKv iumlisbquo nq ev‛Pvi RDaggerbyeni ci ciB| daggerhDaggernZz daggerVvuU I
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv nq daggermRbuml wkiumli RDaggerbyeni ci ciB
gyDaggerLi wfZi covi Rbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b daggerhb wkiumli daggerLDaggerZ
daggerKvb mgmumlv bv nq|
kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wkiumli 3-6 gvm eqDaggerm daggerVvuU I 1-2 eQi eqDaggerm Zvjy wVK KiDaggerZ
nDaggere GKRb AwfAacute kjuml wPwKrmK Oslashviv| kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg daggerVvuU I Zvjy wVK Kivi ci
wkiumli DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj hvDaggerZ msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GK aiDaggerYi
Appliance ev hšiquest bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b|
wkiumli Mixed dentition stage (6-12 eQi eqm) -G gyDaggerL daggerKvb AwZwisup3 `vuZ
_vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GQvov mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Cross bite _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuZ
AvuKv evKv _vKDaggerj ev Molar ev daggerclY `vDaggerZi Relation wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere Removable ev Fixed appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo
KiDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
me macrrsquovqx `vuZ PDaggerj Avmvi ci macrrsquovqxfvDaggere daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Kvgo (Occlusion
improve) wVK Kivi Rbuml Fixed ev Removable appliance w`Daggerq Orthodontist
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb Ges daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggereb|
GB mgDaggerq gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyDaggerK wVK Kivi Rbuml cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj Bony Graft Kiv daggerhDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| Gi dDaggerj Orthodontic treatment Gi daggerh djvdj ZvI Aparazbœ _vKDaggere|
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daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLvi ci Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere daggerivMxDaggerK
Permanent Retainer bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv daggerivMxDaggerK me mgq cDaggero _vKDaggerZ nDaggere|
Amacrlsaquovi weRqx DaggerRvqvDaggerKb wdwbmiddot RDaggerbyeni mgq daggerVvuU KvuUv wQj
daggerVvuU KuvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv daggerKvb Awfkvc bq| mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg
GDaggerK mvwiDaggerq daggerZvjv mcurrencente| `iKvi iumlay mevi mDaggerPZbZv Avi mwVK mgDaggerq weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri daggerm Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY Kiv|
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ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerKvb eqDaggerm iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ Zv AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKiB ARvbv|
ADaggerbK AwffveKB eySDaggerZ cvDaggerib bv wkiumli ADagger_copyvWbwUK mgmumlvi Rbuml daggerKvb eqDaggerm
Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| AAacutevbZvi Rbuml ev Abuml daggerKvb wOslashav-OslashDaggerrsaquo`i
KviDaggerY Zviv ADaggerbK mgqB ADaggerbK dagger`ix KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb wPwKrmvi
Rbuml| dDaggerj wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc wPwKrmvi eumlvwszligKvj daggereDaggero hvq| wKQyDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK
chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc
wPwKrmvi djvdj Avkvbyiƒc nq bv| KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv KZUv
Risbquoix| GLb Avwg ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi eqm mxgv wbDaggerq AvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri AvcbvDagger`i
wKQyUv nDaggerjI aviYv dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev Kie|
AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerk ADaggerbK wkiumlB daggerVvuU ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| Kzmsmacrlsaquoviv‛Qbœ
gvbyliv GDaggerK Awfkvc ev fvDaggerMumli wjLb gDaggerb KDaggeri nvZ cv cedilwUDaggerq eDaggerm _vDaggerK daggerKvb wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri bv| wKšlsquo gDaggerb ivLDaggereb daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumli
AwffveKDagger`i DwPZ RDaggerbyeni ci ciB GKRb AwfAacute Orhodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY Kiv|
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KviY G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i RDaggerbyeni ciB cOumlavb I cOuml_g daggerh mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q Zv nDaggerjv Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mgmumlv| Orthodontist Gmgq GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv wkiumlDaggerK Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml LyeB parawZKi GKwU Afumlvm|
mvaviYZ `yB dagger_DaggerK wZb eQi eqDaggermi gDaggerauml Avcbv Avcwb wkiuml G AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KDaggeri daggerdDaggerj|
wKšlsquo ZviciI hw` wkiuml AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere AwffveKDagger`i Gi parawZKi w`KwU
mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere Ges microgvMZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv PjDaggerZ _vKDaggerj wkiumlDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj G AfumlvmwU
`~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance) bullZwi KDaggeri w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib
hvDaggerZ KDaggeri fwelumlDaggerZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi KviDaggerY wkiumli `vuDaggerZi webumlvm AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv hvq|
mvaviYZ 5-6 eQi eqm dagger_DaggerK wkiumlDagger`i `ya `vuZ coDaggerZ iumlisbquo KDaggeri| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK mgq
dagger`Lv hvq AvNvZ RwbZ paraq RwbZ ev Abuml daggerKvb daggerivDaggerMi KviDaggerY wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya
`vuZ cDaggero hvq ev daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| `vuZ covi ci daggerh dvuKv RvqMvwU _vDaggerK daggerm RvqMvwU ZLb
`yB cvDaggerki `vuZ w`Daggerq eUuml nDaggerq hvq| dDaggerj rsquovqx `vuZ DVvi Rbuml chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv daggercDaggerq
Amacr^vfvweK daggerKvb RvqMvq `vuZ DDaggerV Ges `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi mcurrencentvebv daggereDaggero hvq| GB dvuKv
macrrsquovbwU hvDaggerZ cvDaggerki `vuZ Oslashviv eUuml bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl hšiquest bullZwi
KDaggeri w`Daggereb hvDaggerK Space maintainer eDaggerj| KvDaggerRB daggerKvb `ya`vuZ hw` Zvi wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi
AvDaggerM cDaggero hvq ZDaggere dagger`ix bv KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi mvDagger_ dagger`Lv Kisbquob|
ADaggerbK ev‛PvDagger`i dagger`Lv hvq DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj daggerewk evoDaggerQ ev hZUzKz evovi K_v
ZZUzKz evoDaggerQ bv| Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc evošmdash eqDaggerm (6-12) Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cOumlDaggerqvRb AbymvDaggeri Face
mask ev Chin cap eumlenvi KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb hv ev‛Pvi DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimesDaggerK
mwVK AmacrrsquovDaggerb wbDaggerZ mnvqZv KiDaggere|
DaggerVuvU I ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i daggerVvuU I Zvjy kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wVK
Kivi ci mwVK mgq Orthodontist Gmiddotcvbmb macrŒz (Expansion screw) ZvjyDaggerZ jvwMDaggerq
dagger`b hvDaggerZ DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq| G wkiumlDagger`i 8-10 eQi eqDaggerm bone
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grafting Kivi Rbuml kjuml wPwKrmKDaggerK cOumlDaggerqvRbxq civgkcopy I mnvqZv w`Daggerq _vDaggerKb
Orthodontist|
6-12 eQi eqDaggerm hLb wkiumli gyDaggerL `ya I macrrsquovqx Dfq cOumlKvi `vuZ we`umlgvb ZLb hw`
`vuDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo (Cross bite) daggerewk Kvgo (Deep bite) dagger`Lv hvq ZDaggere
Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRbxq eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggereb hvDaggerZ fwelumlDaggerZ KvgocedilDaggerjv AvDaggeriv Lvivc -Gi w`DaggerK
bv hvq|
`ya `vuZ me cDaggero hvevi ci I macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVvi ci AvuKv evuKv DuPz -bxPz `vuZ wVK
Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS Removable Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ
ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere) ev Fixed Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere bv) w`Daggerq
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb|
ADaggerbDaggerKiB gDaggerbB cOumlkœ _vDaggerK daggerh daggerewk eqDaggerm Orthodontic wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere wKbv|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuZ nvo I GDagger`i mvDagger_ mcurrenuacuteKcopyhysup3 structure cedilDaggerjv fvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZDaggere daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv Kiv mcurrencente|
cOumlvszlig eqDaggerm hw` DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj hw` Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes daggercDaggerq _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv
wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj kjuml wPwKrmvi Oslashvimacrrsquo nDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi mdjZv wbfcopyi KDaggeri wPwKrmDaggerKi AwfAacuteZv daggerivMx I Zvi
AwffveDaggerKi mnDaggerhvwMZv I mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi Dci|
gDaggerb ivLDaggereb mgDaggerqi GK daggerdvuo AmgDaggerqi `k daggerdvuo| mwVK mgDaggerq mwVK KvRwU KiDaggerj
Avcwb daggerh djvdj cvDaggereb dagger`ix KDaggeri KvRwU KiDaggerj daggermB djvdj Avcwb bvI daggercDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
Avcbvi daggerKvb wbKURDaggerbi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj mwVK mgDaggerq Orthodontist
Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggerZ fyjDaggereb bv daggerhb|
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Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Dci Bracket
ev Brace covDaggerbv _vDaggerK| Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq
Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv wbDagger`kcopyvejx wVKgZ daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj wPwKrmv cieZcopyx RwUjZv dagger`Lv
dagger`evi mcurrencentvebv LyeB Kg|
Fixed Orthodontic treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq gyL I `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZ weDaggerkl hZœ wbDaggerZ
nDaggere| daggerhme welDaggerqi Dci daggerewk daggerewk bRi ivLDaggerZ nDaggere Zv bxDaggerP dagger`qv nDaggerjvt
1 daggerhw`b daggerivMxi gyDaggerL Bracket emvDaggerbv nDaggere Zvici dagger_DaggerK 24 NrsaquoUv chcopyšmdash ksup3 Lvevi
LvIqv DwPZ bq| GDaggerZ Bracket LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| H 24 NrsaquoUv Lye daggerRvDaggeri daggerRvDaggeri `vuZ
eordfvk Kiv I DwPZ bq| daggerivMx Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv civgkcopy Abyhvqx `vuZ eordfvk
KiDaggere I macr^vfvweK Lvevi LvDaggere|
2 Bracket covDaggerbvi 2-3 w`b chcopyšmdash daggerivMxi GKUz Amacr^wmacrmdash nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GDaggerZ fDaggerqi wKQy
daggerbB| gyDaggerL bZzb wKQy wRwbm emvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2-3 w`b ci Zv AfumlvDaggerm cwiYZ nDaggerq
hvDaggere|
3 cOumlwZevi Lvevi LvIqvi ci AekumlB `vuZ fvDaggerjvfvDaggere eordfvk KiDaggerZ nDaggere| mKvDaggerj I ivDaggerZ
daggerdnotvivBW hysup3 Uz_Daggercdivide w`Daggerq `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggere| Abumlvbuml mgq Uz_ daggercoacute Qvov eordfvk KiDaggerjI
PjDaggere|
4 cOumlwZ wZb (3) gvm ci ci Uz_eordfvk e`j KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Uz_eordfvDaggerki weordfmampjcedilDaggerjv daggerhb big
(Medium soft) nq Zv daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
5 Bracket ev appliance -Gi Dci bxDaggerP 45 daggerKvDaggerY eordfvk aDaggeri `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
6 Lye daggerRvDaggeri Pvc w`Daggerq eordfvk Kiv hvDaggere bv| GDaggerZ KDaggeri Appliance LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
7 `vuDaggerZi daggerh cvDaggerk Appliance AvDaggerQ daggermB cvDaggerk Appliance -Gi Dci AvjDaggerZvfvDaggere
NywiDaggerq NywiDaggerq eordfvk KDaggeri `vuZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| `vuDaggerZi Abumlvbuml cvkcedilDaggerjvI daggerhb
fvDaggerjvfvDaggere cwireglsaquovi Kiv nq daggermw`DaggerK daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
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8 cOumlwZevi Lvevi Gi ci eordfvk Kiv mcurrencente bv nDaggerj LyefvDaggerjv KDaggeri KzjKzwP KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
9 `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerSi gqjv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Dental Floss eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
DaggerKvb KvwV ev myuB w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerLvPvDaggerbv hvDaggere bv|
10 wRnŸv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Tongue Cleanser eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
11 cOumlDaggerqvRDaggerb fvDaggerjv Mouth Wash eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere ZDaggerewPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy
Abyhvqx|
12 `vuDaggerZi gvwo Avfrac12yj w`Daggerq Massage Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
13 daggerKvb appliance daggerfDaggerfrac12 daggerMDaggerj ev LyDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ev Appliance Gi KviDaggerY gyDaggerL daggerKvb
mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj dagger`ix bv KDaggeri mDaggerfrac12 mDaggerfrac12 Orthondontist-Gi civgkcopy wbDaggerZ nDaggere|
14 wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq ksup3 Lvevi (nvo AvL) LvIqv cwinvi KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
15 AvVvDaggerjv RvZxq Lvevi (PzBs Mvg) LvIqv ev` w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
16 daggercqviv AvDaggercj ev daggerh daggerKvb ksup3 Lvevi Kvgo w`Daggerq bv daggerLDaggerq daggerQvU daggerQvU UzKiv KDaggeri
daggerLDaggerZ nDaggere|
17 Orthodontist DaggerhfvDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK AvmDaggerZ ejDaggereb (1gvm ci ci) AekumlB Zv cvjb
KiDaggerZ nDaggere| bv nDaggerj daggerivMxi wPwKrmv daggerkl nDaggerZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi daggerewk jvMDaggere|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbPz `vuZ wVK Kivi Rbuml daggerhgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Oslashviv mwVK wPwKrmv daggerZgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerivMx Ges daggerivMxi AwffveDaggerKi
mnDaggerhvwMZv Ges Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy Abyhvqx Pjv| ZDaggereB DaggerivMx wPwKrmv DaggerkDaggerl cvDaggere
KvwldquoparaZ myrsaquo`i `vuZ|
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mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
50
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ dnotwms
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daggerQvAElig GKwU evMvDaggerb hw` ADaggerbKcedilDaggerjv MvQ daggereDaggero DVDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZDaggere ADaggerbK MvDaggerQi macr^vfvweK ebdquowtimes
weboacute nq Ges evMvbwU wKQyw`b ci Nb Rfrac12Daggerj cwiYZ nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK| ZLb hw` daggermLvb
dagger_DaggerK wKQy MvQ daggerKDaggerU daggerdjv nq ZDaggere evMvbwUi evKxMvQcedilDaggerjv iparav daggercDaggerq macr^vfvweKfvDaggere daggereDaggero
DVDaggere|
daggerZgwb gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerh cwigvY RvqMv AvDaggerQ Zvi daggerPDaggerq hw` `vuDaggerZi msLumlv daggerewk wKsev
`vuZ Lye daggerekx AvuKv evKv DuPz `uvZ _vKDaggerj ZDaggere Zv wVK KDaggeri `vuZDaggerK mywebumlvmacrmdash myrsaquo`i KDaggeri
daggerZvjvi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgq daggerivMxi wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB daggerivMx ev
Zvi AwffveK `vuZ daggerZvjvi K_v iumlbDaggerj fq cvq| Zviv fvDaggere `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ ADaggerbK euml_v
jvMDaggere ev daggerPvDaggerLi daggereordfBDaggerbi hw` daggerKvb parawZ nq| Zviv Orthodontist daggerK `vuZ bv ZzDaggerj
wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml AbyDaggeriva KDaggeri _vDaggerK| wKšlsquo ZvDagger`i G mKj aviYv mcurrenuacute~Ycopy Ag~jK| `vuZ
ZzjDaggerj daggerPvDaggerLi ev daggereordfBDaggerbi daggerKvb parawZ nqbv| GKRb AwfAacute wPwKrmK ZvB KiDaggereb hv KiDaggerj
daggerivMxi wPwKrmv fvDaggerjvfvDaggere mcurrenuacutebœ nDaggere Ges daggerivMx I Zvi AwffveK mšlsquowoacute jvf KiDaggere| Avi
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM wbw copyoacute rsquovb fvDaggerjvfvDaggere Aek KDaggeri wbDaggerj Ges wPwKrmDaggerKi dagger`qv DcDagger`k `vuZ
daggerZvjvi w`b I cieZcopyx KDaggerqKw`b mwVKfvDaggere daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj `vuZ daggerZvjvi ci daggerivMxi daggerZgb daggerKvb
Amyweav nq bv ejDaggerjB PDaggerj|
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`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM
`vuZ daggerZvjvi cDaggeri
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ADaggerbDaggerKB AvDaggerQb hviv ivDaggerZ NygvDaggerbvi AvDaggerM Ges mKvDaggerj bvmacrmdashv Lvevi ci `vuZ eordfvk
KDaggerib `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Kvj wejcurren^ bv KDaggeri `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggerib
`vuDaggerZi mymacrrsquoZvi Rbuml hv hv `iKvi Zviv Zv-B KDaggerib| GmeB nDaggerjv fvDaggerjv Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi
Rbuml LyeB DcKvix|
wKšlsquo Ggb wKQy Afumlvm AvDaggerQ hv gyL I `vuDaggerZi macr^vDaggermacrrsquoumli Rbuml LyeB parawZKi| Gme
e`AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi bvbv aiDaggerYi mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q| GB AfumlvmcedilDaggerjvi gDaggerauml Avfrac12yj
daggerPvlv wRnŸampv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv ev daggerVjv dagger`Iqv daggerKvb mgmumlv bv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI gyL w`Daggerq wbkbrvbarvm
daggerbqv daggerVvuU I bL KvgovDaggerbv AbumlZg|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK| evev gv hw` GUv daggerLqvj KDaggerib ZDaggere wkiumlDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere daggerh Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv Lvivc| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz nDaggerq hvq ADaggerbK mgq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bvI coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Open bite) bxDaggerPi
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daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZcedilDaggerjv msKzwPZ nDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK hZUzKz daggerXDaggerK ivLv
DwPZ Zv KDaggerg daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerbvi ci I hw` Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm bv KDaggerg ZDaggere wkiumli 2-3 eQi eqm
chcopyšmdash ADaggercparav KiDaggerZ nDaggere| ADaggerbK mgq 3 eQi eqDaggermi ci wkiumli GB Afumlvm PDaggerj hvq|
ZviciI hw` wkiuml G Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere GKRb AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12
civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| wPwKrmK `iKvi gDaggerb nDaggerj daggerKvb Appliance ev hšiquest w`Daggereb hv
wkiumlDaggerK GB Afumlvm `~i KiDaggerZ mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wkiumli hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK ZDaggere DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DPuy nDaggerq hvq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bv coDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerivMx gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri
wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq Avcbvi daggermvbvgwbi hw` Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml
parawZKi ZDaggere cOuml_DaggergB ZvDaggerK eySvb| ZvDaggerZ KvR bv nDaggerj Aemacrrsquov hvDaggerZ AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv
hvq daggermRbuml AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy Kisbquob|
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OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
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CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
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KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
59
GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
60
ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
61
daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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62
cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
18
w`DaggerK _vDaggerK| GDaggerK Normal Bite ev macr^vfvweK Kvgo eDaggerj| GB Aemacrrsquovi DDaggereumlvwU hLb
NDaggerU ZLb ZvDaggerK Cross Bite ev DDaggereumlv Kvgo eDaggerj|
Cross Bite
ev DDaggereumlv Kvgo
6 (IDaggercb evBU) Open bite
Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerii cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi daggerPqvDaggerji
cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi GKwU macruacutekcopy _vDaggerK| daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` Kvgo dagger`qv Ae rsquovq DcDaggerii cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi msmacruacutekcopy bv _vDaggerK Ges Gi dDaggerj `yB cvwU `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS
dvuKv _vDaggerK ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Open bite eDaggerj|
IDaggercb evBU
(Open bite)
7 wWc evBU (Deep bite)
Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi
GK ZhellipZxqvsk daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL| wKšlsquo daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi cyDaggerivUv daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL ZLb ZvDaggerK Deep bite ev daggerewk Kvgo eDaggerj|
19
(wWc evBU) Deep bite
8 Knotvm 2 gumlvjAKnotzmb
(Class II malocclusion Division 1) GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ macr^vfvweDaggerKi daggerPDaggerq ADaggerbK mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| DcDaggerii cvwUcopyi mvgDaggerbi
`vZcedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK DuPz nq|
Knotvm 2 wWwfkb 1 gumlvjAvKnotzmb
11 Knotvm 3 gumlvjAKnotzmb (Class III Malocclusion)
20
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi cvwcopyUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL
ev DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi Inscisal Edge GDaggerK AcDaggerii DcDaggeri Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| hvDaggerK
Edge To Edge Bite eDaggerj|
Knotvm 3 gumlvjAKnotzmb
12 Zvjy KvUv I daggerVvuU KvUv t
GwU GKwU RbyenMZ mgmumlv ADaggerbDaggerK iumlay daggerVvU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv Avevi ADaggerbDaggerK Dfq
mgmumlv wbDaggerqB RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| AwfAacute wPwKrmKebdquoDaggerrsaquo`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutevi gvaumlDaggerg mwVK
mgDaggerq mwVK wPwKrmv w`Daggerq daggerVvuU I Zvjy KvUv fvDaggerjv Kiv AvRKvj daggerKvb mgmumlvB bq|
21
Zvjy KvUv
daggerVvuU KvUv
DcDaggerii AvDaggerjvPbvq Avwg wKQy mgmumlv Lye mnR fvlvq AvcbvDagger`i eySvDaggerZ daggerPoacutev KDaggeriwQ|
GmKj mgmumlvi mswparaszlig weeiY wfZDaggerii cOumlwZwU AaumlvDaggerq dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev KiwQ|
22
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PROF IIDA JUN ICHI RO DR SAGOR amp
PROF TT YAMAMOTO AT KOREA
23
At IADR Seminar USA
Avcwb nqDaggerZvev Avcbvi wbDaggerRi A_ev daggerKvb wcOumlqRDaggerbi AvuKv evuKv `vuZ wbDaggerq LyeB
`ywethšmdashvMOumlmacr mdash| mywPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg Orthodontist AvcbvDaggerK GB `ywethšmdashv dagger_DaggerK gysup3 KiDaggerZ
cvDaggerib| wKšlsquo Avcwb wK RvDaggerbb daggerKb `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPz bxPz nq Avmyb bxDaggerPi AvDaggerjvPbvi
gvaumlDaggerg Avgiv cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy GB cOumlkœwUi DEumli LyuDaggerR daggerbB|
wewfbœ wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv wewfbœfvDaggere `vuZ AvuKv-evuKv nevi KviY mg~nDaggerK daggerkordfYxetimes
KDaggeriDaggerQb| AvcbvDagger`i Rvbvi myweavDagger_copy Lye mnR fvlvq `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi KviY mg~n wbDaggerP
dagger`qv njt
1| RbyenMZ KviY t K) wkiuml hw` daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| L) wkiumli
RDaggerbyeni mgq gv_vq AvNvZ daggercDaggerj| M) wewfbœ JlDaggerai cvkbrvbarcopy cOumlwZmicroqvi Rbuml|
2| eskMZ KviDaggerYt daggerPvqvj Lye daggerewk eo ev daggerQvU nDaggerj| daggerPvqvDaggerj me `vuZ aDaggeri
ivLvi gZ chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKDaggerj|
3| niDaggergvDaggerbi wewfbœ mgmumlv daggerhgbt Cretinism acromegali _vKDaggerj|
4| daggerPvqvj ev `vuDaggerZi bxDaggerP daggerKvb wUDgvi _vKDaggerj ev AvNvZ daggercDaggerj|
5| fyj ctimeswZDaggerZ Lvevi wMjDaggerj (Improper Swallowing)|
6| gyDaggerL daggerKvb `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKDaggerj|
7| `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AvKhellipwZ Amacr^vfvweK nDaggerj|
8| gyDaggerL AwZwisup3 daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj|
9| DaggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi gDaggerauml jydegvwqZ _vKDaggerj|
10| wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya `vuZ daggerdDaggerj w`Daggerj|
11| `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi ciI ADaggerbKw`b aDaggeri gyDaggerL Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerj|
12| macrrsquovqx daggerKvb `vuZ bv _vKDaggerj|
13| macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVDaggerZ dagger`ix KiDaggerj|
14| AvNvZ daggercDaggerj|
15| DaggerKvb `vuZ mnRfvDaggere DVDaggerZ euml_copy nDaggerj|
16| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv dagger`qv cOumlfbdquowZ AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi
cOumlavb KviYmg~nDaggerZv RvbDaggerjb| Avmyb bv Rvbv AacutevbUvDaggerK KvDaggerR jvMvB| DcDaggerivsup3
24
KviYmg~n hw` KvDaggeriv gvDaggerS dagger`LDaggerZ cvB ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY
KiDaggerZ ewj|
hLb KvDaggeriv gv_vq PzDaggerji cwigvb macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ Kg _vDaggerK ZLb ZvDaggerK KZB bv
`ywethšmdashv MOumlmacr mdash dagger`Lvq| gv_vi Pzjwenxb dvuKv macrrsquovb wKfvDaggere `~i Kiv hvq Zv wbDaggerq daggerhb wPšmdashvi daggerkl
_vDaggerK bv| wVK daggerZgwbfvDaggere wKQy gvbyDaggerli `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMv dagger`Lv hvq| ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcirc
Zviv Abuml gvbyDaggerli mvgDaggerb K_v ejDaggerZ GgbwK cOumlvb LyDaggerj nvmDaggerZI Amacr^wmacrmdash daggereva KDaggeri| hviv dvuKv
`vuDaggerZi mgmumlv fyMDaggerQb ZvDagger`i `ywethšmdashvi w`b daggerkl| ADagger_copyvWbwUKm wPwKrmvi KjumlvDaggerb dvuKv
`vuDaggerZi wPwKrmv GLb Avi daggerKvb mgmumlvB bq|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy
wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
25
mvaviY ADagger_copy Spacing ejDaggerZ Avgiv dvuKv macrrsquovb eywS| wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi fvlvq hLb
g yDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb daggerKvb `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMv _vDaggerK ZLb ZvDaggerK Spacing eDaggerj|
cOumlKviDaggerf` t Spacing `yB aiDaggerYi nDaggerq _vDaggerK|
1) Generalized Spacing daggerPvqvDaggerji me ev AwaKvsk `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv
_vKDaggerj|
2) Localized Spacing `yB ev ZDaggerZvwaK `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerj|
DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `ywU `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerj ZvDaggerK Median
Diastema eDaggerj|
Spacing ev dvuKvi KviY t
1 daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq `vuDaggerZi AvKvi hw` daggerQvU nq
2 RbyenMZfvDaggere daggerKvb `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKDaggerj|
3 Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj|
4 DaggerKvb `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AwZ paraz`ordf nDaggerj|
5 `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerj|
6 wmdivide wUDgvi _vKDaggerj|
7 wRnŸv eo _vKDaggerj| (macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ)
8 `vuZ wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK NyDaggeri daggerMDaggerj
9 GQvov daggerVuvU ev MvDaggerji KviDaggerY A_ev AwZwisup3 daggerKvb `vuZ gyDaggerL _vKDaggerj Zv cvDaggerki
`vuZDaggerK Pressure w`Daggerq mwiDaggerq Spacing KDaggeri|
Spacing wKfvDaggere wbYcopyq Kiv nq t
K) DaggerivMxi gyL MnŸi chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri
L) DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZiƒc ev Model dagger`DaggerL
M) x-ray dagger`DaggerL|
26
Spacing Gi Amyweav mg~nt
duvKv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI daggerivMxi Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv K_v ejvi
mgq daggerKvb daggerKvb katilde macruacuteoacutefvDaggere D‛PviDaggerY mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt
Spacing Gi wPwKrmv Kivi c~Daggerecopy daggerivMxi BwZnvm fvDaggerjvfvDaggere RvbDaggerZ nDaggere Ges
Spacing Gi mcurrencentveuml KviY mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggerZ nDaggere| hw` daggerivMxi Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK
hvi Rbuml `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMvi mbdquowoacute nDagger‛Q ZDaggere daggermB Afumlvm ev` dagger`qvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| ZviciI hw` daggerivMx Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere Habit breaking
appliance eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere| daggerKvb
TumourCyst _vKDaggerj Zv AcmviY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Spacing hw` Lye mvgvbuml cwigvDaggerY nq
Ges daggerivMxi hw` daggerKvb AwfDaggerhvM bv _vDaggerK ZDaggere wPwKrmv bv KivDaggerj I PDaggerj| ZDaggere Spacing
ADaggerbK daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontics wPwKrmv jvMDaggere| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri
wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wK aiDaggerYi wPwKrmv w`Daggereb| Spacing wVK Kivi Rbuml yB aiDaggerYi hšiquest ev
appliance use Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Removable Appliance)
Orthodontist `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ Fixed KDaggeri Appliance wU jvwMDaggerq w`Daggereb
(Fixed appliance) hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggerebv|
hw` `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mvgvbuml dvuKv _vDaggerK ZDaggere `vuDaggerZi iDaggerOi mvDagger_ wgwjDaggerq Filling Kiv
daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
GQvov gyDaggerLi Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS KhellipwIcircg `vuZ ewmDaggerq I Spacing Correction Kiv hvq| DaggerZv
Avcbvi hw` _vDaggerK dvuKv `vuDaggerZi mgmumlv ZDaggere PDaggerj Avmyb AwfAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ| wPwKrmv
KwiDaggerq `vuDaggerZi dvuKv wVK Kisbquob cOumlvY LyDaggerj nvmyb Avi nDaggerq DVyb AvKlcopyYxq|
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mvaviYfvDaggere Crowding ejDaggerZ daggerKvb wKQyi AvwaKumlDaggerK daggerevSvq| wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi
fvlvq gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKvi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi macr^vfvweK webumlvm evavMOumlmacrrsquo nDaggerq daggerh
wekbdquoldquoLjZv mbdquowoacute nq ZvDaggerK Crowding eDaggerj|
KviYmg~nt wewfbœ KviDaggerY gyDaggerL Crowding nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Zvi gDaggerauml DDaggerjshyLDaggerhvMuml
KviYmg~n bxDaggerP Dagger`qv njt
1 gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AvKhellipwZi mvgAumlmuml bv _vKDaggerj|
2 `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj|
3 `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi ADaggerbK AvDaggerM cDaggero daggerMDaggerj
4 macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVDaggerZ dagger`ix nDaggerj
5 AvNvZ daggercDaggerj
6 DaggerKvb `vuZ evowZ _vKDaggerj
7 Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj
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8 daggerPvqvj macr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes bv daggercDaggerj
Crowding wbYcopyqt
1 daggerivMxi gyLMnŸi chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri|
2 DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Model ev cOumlwZiƒc dagger`DaggerL
3 GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL|
Crowding Gi djvdj t
`vuDaggerZi Dci cOumlfvet Gi dDaggerj `vuZ Zvi wbDaggerRi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK NyDaggeri daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri
`vuZ daggernDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri GgbwK daggerKvb daggerKvb `vuZ bvI DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Dci cOumlfve t
1 DaggerivMx mvgvwRKfvDaggere wewfbœ mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
2 DaggermŠrsaquo`hcopynvwb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
3 `vuZ wVKgZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ bv cvivi KviDaggerY `vuZ I gvwoi wewfbœ daggerivDaggerM Avmicrovšmdash
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
4 nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmv t
1 cOumlwZDaggerivag~jK eumlemacrrsquovt
hw` daggerivMxi cwievDaggeri KvDaggeriv `vuDaggerZ Crowding _vDaggerK ZDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist-Gi chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ covi mwVK mgq bv Avmv chcopyšmdash `ya `vuZDaggerK msiparaY Kivi daggerPoacutev KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggerKvb paraqDaggerivM dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerZ daggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml
boacute bv nq|
Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj ZumlvM KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ mwVK mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj Zv wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq daggerdDaggerj dagger`qvi eumlemacrrsquov KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
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gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere avivevwnKfvDaggere wbw`copyoacute wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerK
wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi fvlvq Serial extraction ejv nq|
2 msDaggerkvab g~jK eumlemacrrsquov t
K) DaggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml evovDaggerbv
DaggerPvqvjDaggerK cOumlmvwiZ Kiv
mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK wKQyUv DuPz Kiv
Daggergvjvi `vuZDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerUDaggerb Daggerbqv
vuDaggerZi AvKvi daggerQvU KDaggeri daggerdjv
`vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjv t
Crowding Gi cwigvY Lye daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontist wVK KiDaggereb daggerKvb `vuZwU
daggerdjDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
Crowding Lye daggerewk nDaggerj ev gvSvwi aiDaggerYi nDaggerj Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggerq
Removable ev Fixed daggerh daggerKvb GK aiDaggerYi appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggereb|
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Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi
msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy AvDaggerm| wKšlsquo daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` DcDaggerii cvwUcopyi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy bv
AvDaggerm Ges Gi dDaggerj DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi cvwUcopyi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mecopy`v dvuKv macrrsquovb _vDaggerK Ges gyL
mcurrenuacute~YcopyiƒDaggerc eUuml bv nq ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Open Bite eDaggerj|
mvaviYfvDaggere Open Bite ejDaggerZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi
Kvgo bv jvMvDaggerK daggerevSvq|
Open bite mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ ev wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Open Bite Gi KviY
mg~nt Avfrac12yj weDaggerkl KDaggeri ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Open bite nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
31
wRnŸv macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ eo _vKDaggerj ev hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjvavdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm
_vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS _vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi
DcDaggerii AsDaggerk (occlusal surface) -G _vDaggerK ZDaggere Open Bite nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
G Qvov daggerivMx hw` Bony Dysplasia Congenital wmwdwjm BZumlvw` daggerivDaggerM fyDaggerM
_vDaggerK ZDaggereI Open bite Gi mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt Open bite Gi wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml mecopycOuml_g daggerivMxDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOuml_Daggerg Open bite nevi KviY
mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggereb| hw` daggerivMxi Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK
ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm `~i Kivi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb
KDaggerib ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm ~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance)
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib daggerivMxDaggerK|
Open bite hw` gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj hvq ZDaggere Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontic
appliance eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri hv Fixed ev Removable daggerh daggerKvb iKgB
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
hw` daggerPvqvDaggerji nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Open bite dagger`Lv hvq Ges daggerivMxi eqm hw` 6-12 eQi
nq ZDaggere Chin cap (Chin cap bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi ev bxDaggerPi w`DaggerKi ebdquowtimes
nIqvDaggerK cOumlwZDaggeriva KDaggeri) Gi mvDagger_ High pull head gear eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nevi ci Ges macrrsquovqx `vuZ me DVvi ci daggerPvqvDaggerji Amacr^vfvweK
ebdquowtimesRwbZ KviDaggerY daggerh Open bite nq Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Surgery Kiv DaggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq KvDaggeriv Open bite Gi mgmumlv _vKDaggerj AvovDaggerj Zvi mgvDaggerjvPbv bv
KDaggeri AvgvDagger`i mKDaggerji DwPZ ZvDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ
ejv| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cieZcopyx KiYxq mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy ejDaggerZ cviDaggereb| Zvui
civgkcopy Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY KiDaggerj Open bite wbivgq Kiv mcurrencente|
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`šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv Class II Malocclusion DaggerK `yB fvDaggerM fvM KDaggeriDaggerQb|
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion
2 Class II division 2 malocclusion
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion t
hw` KvDaggeriv daggerclY `vuDaggerZi mcurrenuacuteKcopy (Molar relation) Class II _vDaggerK Ges DcDaggerii
DaggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZ cedilDaggerjv DPz _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv Class II Division 1 Gi Ašmdashfycopysup3|
Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK
(Convex profile) DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ daggerewk daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL
DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK daggerewk mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| `vuZ DuPz nevi KviDaggerY
daggerivMx ADaggerbK mgq `yB daggerVuvU eUuml KiDaggerZ cvDaggeribv|
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2 Class II division 2 Malocclusion
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc Molar Relation Class II _vKDaggere A_copyvr DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev
Molar `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev Molar `vuDaggerZi dagger_DaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ mvgDaggerb
Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv wKQyUv wfZDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb
KiDaggere| mvaviYZ DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj GKB iKg AemacrrsquovDaggerb _vKDaggere (Straight Profile)
DcDaggerii `vuZcedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK cyDaggerivUv daggerXDaggerK ivLDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`ix bv KDaggeri GKRb Orthodontist daggerK Rvbvb|
Orthodontist wewfbœ chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri wPwKrmv ctimeswZ wVK KiDaggereb|
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Avcbvi AvDaggerk cvDaggerki gvbylcedilDaggerjvDaggerK GKUz fvDaggerjvfvDaggere jpara KiDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggereb daggerewki
fvM gvbyDaggerliB DcDaggeri daggerPvqvj Ges DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji
`vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ mvgvbuml GKUz mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK| Ges GUvB nDaggerjv macr^vfvweK| wKšlsquo wKQy gvbyDaggerli
daggerparaDaggerIcirc Gi DDaggereumlvUv dagger`Lv dagger`q| A_copyvr ZvDagger`i bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK _vDaggerK DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj ev DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ| GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi
fvlvq eDaggerj Class III malocclusion|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
`yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| 1Uv nDaggerjv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY| GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii
cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
35
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi
MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb dagger`DaggerL GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wKfvDaggere wPwKrmv KiDaggerj
daggerivMx mDaggerecopyvEumlg djvdj cvq|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion nq ZDaggere Orthodontic
Treatment A_copyvr iumlaygvIcirc Brace cwoDaggerqB wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere evošmdash ev cwiYZ daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB| ZDaggere Lye daggerewk eqDaggerm wPwKrmv KivDaggerj wPwKrmvi mgq daggereDaggero hvDaggere|
hw` evošmdash eqDaggerm nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion dagger`Lv dagger`q ZDaggere
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvjDaggerK mvgDaggerb Avbvi Rbuml ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvjDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerbqvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK wewfbœ
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aiDaggerYi hšiquest dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri eumlenvDaggerii Rbuml| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Face Mask Chin Cap DDaggerjshyL
daggerhvMuml|
hw` cwiYZ eqDaggerm gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerqi Class III malocclusion hv nvDaggerii MVDaggerbi
KviDaggerY nDaggerqDaggerQ Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ ZDaggere kjuml wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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evBgumlvmiddot
evBgvmiddot `y aiDaggerbi nq| evBgumlvwmiddotjvix cOumlUzordfmb Ges evBgumlvwmiddot jvix cOumlwKnotDaggerbmb| wK KwVb
katilde| Avmyb Lye mnDaggerR daggerRDaggerb daggerbB `uvZ I gvwoi Avi GK mgmumlv hvi bvg evBgvmiddot|
evBgumlvmiddot mgmumlvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj wKsev `uvZ wKsev DfqB mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK DPzu _vDaggerK| dDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv daggerVvU DPzu nDaggerq _vKv GgbwK gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ
cviv mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
mvavibZ `uvZ hw` Zzjbvg~jK fvDaggere eo GgbwK daggerPvqvj jcurren^v wKsev daggerXvK wMjvi mgq
wRnev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK Amacr^vfvweK fvDaggere `uvZDaggerK mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK daggerVjv w`Daggerj GB aiDaggerbi mgmumlv nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| NveovDaggerbvi wKQzB daggerbB GB mgmumlvi mgvavb Lye myrsaquo`i KDaggeri GK AwfAacute ADagger_copyDaggerWbwUdivide
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib| gDaggerb ivLDaggerZ nDaggere cOumlv_wgK Aemacrrsquovq GB mgmumlvi mgvavb KiDaggerj ZZUv RwUjZv nq
bv| eDaggerqvmwUuml KvDaggerji c~Daggere eDaggerqvmmwUuml KvDaggerji mgq Ges cDaggeri wPwKrmv eumlemacrrsquov cbdquo_K cbdquo_K nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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myrsaquo`Daggerii c~Rvix mKDaggerjB ZvB GB mgmumlv mgvavb KDaggeri
Avcwb nDaggerq DVyb myrsaquo`i `uvZ I nvwmi AwaKvix
39
daggerMR `vuZ(High Canine) DPz KZcopyb `vuZ t
AvgvDagger`i gyDaggerL eqm 5 eQi chcopyšmdash daggerh 20 wU `vuZ _vDaggerK Zvi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ
_vDaggerK| eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ 20wU `ya `vuZ hLb cDaggero wMDaggerq macrrsquovqx `vuZ DDaggerV ZLbI daggergvU
32wU `vuDaggerZi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ _vDaggerK| G KZcopyb `uvZcedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi 4wU daggerKvbvq AewmacrrsquoZ| ZvB
GDagger`iDaggerK Corner Stone of mouth eDaggerj| bvg iumlbDaggerjB daggerevSv hvq G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Lv`uml`ordfeumlDaggerK
KZcopyb KiDaggerZ Ges wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri| G `vuZ cedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK kwsup3kvjx| KviY G `vuDaggerZi
GbvDaggergDaggerji cyisbquoZiexcl Daggerewk Ges mvgDaggerbi 4wU `vuDaggerZi (Pecopyb `vuZ-Incisor tooth) ciciB
AewmacrrsquoZ| daggerKvb daggerKvb mgq wewfbœ KviY ekZt G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Zvi wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK wfbœ
AemacrrsquovDaggerb dagger`Lv hvq| hw` G `vuZcedilDaggerjv gvwoi gDaggerauml ev DcDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri ZLb ZvDaggerK
High Canine ev daggerMR `vuZ ejv nq| Avevi KLDaggerbv GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv Zvjyi w`K w`Daggerq DDaggerV|
ZLb GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK Palataly placed canine eDaggerj| Avevi KLDaggerbv I gvwo ev Zvjyi wfZDaggeri
G `vuZ Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| ZLb ZvDaggerK Impacted Canine ejv nq| GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi gDaggerauml
AZxe Risbquoix PviwU `vuZ| GB `vuZ daggerhgb Lv`uml`ordfeuml KZcopyb I wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri cvkvcvwk
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daggerPvqvDaggerji bovPovDaggerK wbqšiquestY KDaggeri| GB `vuZDaggerK Beauty tooth I ejv nq| ZvB G `vuDaggerZi
mvwietimesfvDaggere webumlvm LyeB Risbquoix|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ daggerh KDaggerqKwU mgmumlv ZzDaggerj aiv nDaggerjv G mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi mgvavb LyeB Risbquoix|
hw` daggerKD GiKg daggerKvb mgmumlvq fyDaggerM _vDaggerKb ZDaggere AwfAacute Orthodontist -B nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
Avcbvi myrsaquo`i nvwm wdwiDaggerq dagger`qvi cig eUumlz|
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daggerVvuU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerki wkiumlDagger`i GKwU AbumlZg
mgmumlv| wewfbœ MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv wMDaggerqDaggerQ cOumlwZ 700 RDaggerb 1 Rb daggerVvuU KvUv Ges cOumlwZ 1000 RDaggerb
1 Rb wkiuml Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| daggerVvuU KvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggerQDaggerj wkiumlDagger`i Ges
ZvjyKvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggergDaggerq-wkiumlDagger`i gvDaggerS|
wewfbœ KviDaggerY wkiuml daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri _vDaggerK| kZKiv 25 fvM daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GUv eskMZ KviDaggerY nDaggerq _vDaggerK| hw` 1 Rb ZvjyKvUv daggerivMx 1 Rb mymacrrsquo gvbylDaggerK weDaggerq KDaggeri ZDaggere
ZvDagger`i ev‛Pvi ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kivi mcurrencentvebv kZKiv 2 fvM|
Mfcopyvemacrrsquovi cOuml_g fvDaggerM gv hw` daggerKvb fvBivj BbDaggerdKkDaggerb Avmicrovšmdash nq ev kvixwiKfvDaggere
AvNvZcOumlvszlig nq ev niDaggergvDaggerbi fvimvgumlnxbZvq fyDaggerM ev wfUvwgDaggerbi AfvDaggere fyDaggerM _vDaggerK ev
daggeriwWDaggerqkDaggerb GmiddotDaggercvR nq ev _umlvwjDaggerWvgvBW RvZxq Ilya MOumlnY KDaggeri ZDaggere wkiumli daggerVvuU ev
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| KvDaggerQi AvZyenxq macr^RDaggerbi gvDaggerS weDaggerq nDaggerjI wkiuml G mgmumlv
wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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DaggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq wkiuml RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerj cwieviDaggerK bvbv aiDaggerYi mvgvwRK I gvbwmK
mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ nq| wkiuml hLb GB mgmumlv wbDaggerq eo nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZLb daggermI gvbwmKfvDaggere
nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ _vDaggerK| G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ K_v
ejDaggerZ I iumlbDaggerZ mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| `vuDaggerZi mgmumlvi gDaggerauml hv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Zvi gDaggerauml AbumlZg
nDagger‛Q-wewfbœ `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKv `vuZ wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV gyDaggerLi Abuml daggerKvb RvqMvq
DVv evowZ wKQy `vuZ _vKv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb ksup3 bv nIqv `vuDaggerZi MVb myrsaquo`i bv nIqv
gvwoi wewfbœ mgmumlv `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPy-bxPz nIqv|
daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv daggerivMxDagger`i wPwKrmv weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmKDagger`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutev Qvov mcurrencente
bq| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Orthodontist Gi f~wgKv iumlisbquo nq ev‛Pvi RDaggerbyeni ci ciB| daggerhDaggernZz daggerVvuU I
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv nq daggermRbuml wkiumli RDaggerbyeni ci ciB
gyDaggerLi wfZi covi Rbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b daggerhb wkiumli daggerLDaggerZ
daggerKvb mgmumlv bv nq|
kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wkiumli 3-6 gvm eqDaggerm daggerVvuU I 1-2 eQi eqDaggerm Zvjy wVK KiDaggerZ
nDaggere GKRb AwfAacute kjuml wPwKrmK Oslashviv| kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg daggerVvuU I Zvjy wVK Kivi ci
wkiumli DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj hvDaggerZ msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GK aiDaggerYi
Appliance ev hšiquest bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b|
wkiumli Mixed dentition stage (6-12 eQi eqm) -G gyDaggerL daggerKvb AwZwisup3 `vuZ
_vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GQvov mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Cross bite _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuZ
AvuKv evKv _vKDaggerj ev Molar ev daggerclY `vDaggerZi Relation wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere Removable ev Fixed appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo
KiDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
me macrrsquovqx `vuZ PDaggerj Avmvi ci macrrsquovqxfvDaggere daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Kvgo (Occlusion
improve) wVK Kivi Rbuml Fixed ev Removable appliance w`Daggerq Orthodontist
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb Ges daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggereb|
GB mgDaggerq gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyDaggerK wVK Kivi Rbuml cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj Bony Graft Kiv daggerhDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| Gi dDaggerj Orthodontic treatment Gi daggerh djvdj ZvI Aparazbœ _vKDaggere|
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daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLvi ci Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere daggerivMxDaggerK
Permanent Retainer bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv daggerivMxDaggerK me mgq cDaggero _vKDaggerZ nDaggere|
Amacrlsaquovi weRqx DaggerRvqvDaggerKb wdwbmiddot RDaggerbyeni mgq daggerVvuU KvuUv wQj
daggerVvuU KuvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv daggerKvb Awfkvc bq| mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg
GDaggerK mvwiDaggerq daggerZvjv mcurrencente| `iKvi iumlay mevi mDaggerPZbZv Avi mwVK mgDaggerq weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri daggerm Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY Kiv|
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ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerKvb eqDaggerm iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ Zv AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKiB ARvbv|
ADaggerbK AwffveKB eySDaggerZ cvDaggerib bv wkiumli ADagger_copyvWbwUK mgmumlvi Rbuml daggerKvb eqDaggerm
Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| AAacutevbZvi Rbuml ev Abuml daggerKvb wOslashav-OslashDaggerrsaquo`i
KviDaggerY Zviv ADaggerbK mgqB ADaggerbK dagger`ix KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb wPwKrmvi
Rbuml| dDaggerj wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc wPwKrmvi eumlvwszligKvj daggereDaggero hvq| wKQyDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK
chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc
wPwKrmvi djvdj Avkvbyiƒc nq bv| KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv KZUv
Risbquoix| GLb Avwg ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi eqm mxgv wbDaggerq AvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri AvcbvDagger`i
wKQyUv nDaggerjI aviYv dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev Kie|
AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerk ADaggerbK wkiumlB daggerVvuU ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| Kzmsmacrlsaquoviv‛Qbœ
gvbyliv GDaggerK Awfkvc ev fvDaggerMumli wjLb gDaggerb KDaggeri nvZ cv cedilwUDaggerq eDaggerm _vDaggerK daggerKvb wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri bv| wKšlsquo gDaggerb ivLDaggereb daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumli
AwffveKDagger`i DwPZ RDaggerbyeni ci ciB GKRb AwfAacute Orhodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY Kiv|
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KviY G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i RDaggerbyeni ciB cOumlavb I cOuml_g daggerh mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q Zv nDaggerjv Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mgmumlv| Orthodontist Gmgq GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv wkiumlDaggerK Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml LyeB parawZKi GKwU Afumlvm|
mvaviYZ `yB dagger_DaggerK wZb eQi eqDaggermi gDaggerauml Avcbv Avcwb wkiuml G AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KDaggeri daggerdDaggerj|
wKšlsquo ZviciI hw` wkiuml AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere AwffveKDagger`i Gi parawZKi w`KwU
mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere Ges microgvMZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv PjDaggerZ _vKDaggerj wkiumlDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj G AfumlvmwU
`~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance) bullZwi KDaggeri w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib
hvDaggerZ KDaggeri fwelumlDaggerZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi KviDaggerY wkiumli `vuDaggerZi webumlvm AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv hvq|
mvaviYZ 5-6 eQi eqm dagger_DaggerK wkiumlDagger`i `ya `vuZ coDaggerZ iumlisbquo KDaggeri| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK mgq
dagger`Lv hvq AvNvZ RwbZ paraq RwbZ ev Abuml daggerKvb daggerivDaggerMi KviDaggerY wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya
`vuZ cDaggero hvq ev daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| `vuZ covi ci daggerh dvuKv RvqMvwU _vDaggerK daggerm RvqMvwU ZLb
`yB cvDaggerki `vuZ w`Daggerq eUuml nDaggerq hvq| dDaggerj rsquovqx `vuZ DVvi Rbuml chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv daggercDaggerq
Amacr^vfvweK daggerKvb RvqMvq `vuZ DDaggerV Ges `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi mcurrencentvebv daggereDaggero hvq| GB dvuKv
macrrsquovbwU hvDaggerZ cvDaggerki `vuZ Oslashviv eUuml bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl hšiquest bullZwi
KDaggeri w`Daggereb hvDaggerK Space maintainer eDaggerj| KvDaggerRB daggerKvb `ya`vuZ hw` Zvi wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi
AvDaggerM cDaggero hvq ZDaggere dagger`ix bv KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi mvDagger_ dagger`Lv Kisbquob|
ADaggerbK ev‛PvDagger`i dagger`Lv hvq DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj daggerewk evoDaggerQ ev hZUzKz evovi K_v
ZZUzKz evoDaggerQ bv| Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc evošmdash eqDaggerm (6-12) Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cOumlDaggerqvRb AbymvDaggeri Face
mask ev Chin cap eumlenvi KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb hv ev‛Pvi DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimesDaggerK
mwVK AmacrrsquovDaggerb wbDaggerZ mnvqZv KiDaggere|
DaggerVuvU I ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i daggerVvuU I Zvjy kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wVK
Kivi ci mwVK mgq Orthodontist Gmiddotcvbmb macrŒz (Expansion screw) ZvjyDaggerZ jvwMDaggerq
dagger`b hvDaggerZ DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq| G wkiumlDagger`i 8-10 eQi eqDaggerm bone
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grafting Kivi Rbuml kjuml wPwKrmKDaggerK cOumlDaggerqvRbxq civgkcopy I mnvqZv w`Daggerq _vDaggerKb
Orthodontist|
6-12 eQi eqDaggerm hLb wkiumli gyDaggerL `ya I macrrsquovqx Dfq cOumlKvi `vuZ we`umlgvb ZLb hw`
`vuDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo (Cross bite) daggerewk Kvgo (Deep bite) dagger`Lv hvq ZDaggere
Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRbxq eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggereb hvDaggerZ fwelumlDaggerZ KvgocedilDaggerjv AvDaggeriv Lvivc -Gi w`DaggerK
bv hvq|
`ya `vuZ me cDaggero hvevi ci I macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVvi ci AvuKv evuKv DuPz -bxPz `vuZ wVK
Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS Removable Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ
ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere) ev Fixed Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere bv) w`Daggerq
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb|
ADaggerbDaggerKiB gDaggerbB cOumlkœ _vDaggerK daggerh daggerewk eqDaggerm Orthodontic wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere wKbv|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuZ nvo I GDagger`i mvDagger_ mcurrenuacuteKcopyhysup3 structure cedilDaggerjv fvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZDaggere daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv Kiv mcurrencente|
cOumlvszlig eqDaggerm hw` DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj hw` Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes daggercDaggerq _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv
wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj kjuml wPwKrmvi Oslashvimacrrsquo nDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi mdjZv wbfcopyi KDaggeri wPwKrmDaggerKi AwfAacuteZv daggerivMx I Zvi
AwffveDaggerKi mnDaggerhvwMZv I mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi Dci|
gDaggerb ivLDaggereb mgDaggerqi GK daggerdvuo AmgDaggerqi `k daggerdvuo| mwVK mgDaggerq mwVK KvRwU KiDaggerj
Avcwb daggerh djvdj cvDaggereb dagger`ix KDaggeri KvRwU KiDaggerj daggermB djvdj Avcwb bvI daggercDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
Avcbvi daggerKvb wbKURDaggerbi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj mwVK mgDaggerq Orthodontist
Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggerZ fyjDaggereb bv daggerhb|
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Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Dci Bracket
ev Brace covDaggerbv _vDaggerK| Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq
Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv wbDagger`kcopyvejx wVKgZ daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj wPwKrmv cieZcopyx RwUjZv dagger`Lv
dagger`evi mcurrencentvebv LyeB Kg|
Fixed Orthodontic treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq gyL I `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZ weDaggerkl hZœ wbDaggerZ
nDaggere| daggerhme welDaggerqi Dci daggerewk daggerewk bRi ivLDaggerZ nDaggere Zv bxDaggerP dagger`qv nDaggerjvt
1 daggerhw`b daggerivMxi gyDaggerL Bracket emvDaggerbv nDaggere Zvici dagger_DaggerK 24 NrsaquoUv chcopyšmdash ksup3 Lvevi
LvIqv DwPZ bq| GDaggerZ Bracket LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| H 24 NrsaquoUv Lye daggerRvDaggeri daggerRvDaggeri `vuZ
eordfvk Kiv I DwPZ bq| daggerivMx Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv civgkcopy Abyhvqx `vuZ eordfvk
KiDaggere I macr^vfvweK Lvevi LvDaggere|
2 Bracket covDaggerbvi 2-3 w`b chcopyšmdash daggerivMxi GKUz Amacr^wmacrmdash nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GDaggerZ fDaggerqi wKQy
daggerbB| gyDaggerL bZzb wKQy wRwbm emvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2-3 w`b ci Zv AfumlvDaggerm cwiYZ nDaggerq
hvDaggere|
3 cOumlwZevi Lvevi LvIqvi ci AekumlB `vuZ fvDaggerjvfvDaggere eordfvk KiDaggerZ nDaggere| mKvDaggerj I ivDaggerZ
daggerdnotvivBW hysup3 Uz_Daggercdivide w`Daggerq `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggere| Abumlvbuml mgq Uz_ daggercoacute Qvov eordfvk KiDaggerjI
PjDaggere|
4 cOumlwZ wZb (3) gvm ci ci Uz_eordfvk e`j KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Uz_eordfvDaggerki weordfmampjcedilDaggerjv daggerhb big
(Medium soft) nq Zv daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
5 Bracket ev appliance -Gi Dci bxDaggerP 45 daggerKvDaggerY eordfvk aDaggeri `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
6 Lye daggerRvDaggeri Pvc w`Daggerq eordfvk Kiv hvDaggere bv| GDaggerZ KDaggeri Appliance LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
7 `vuDaggerZi daggerh cvDaggerk Appliance AvDaggerQ daggermB cvDaggerk Appliance -Gi Dci AvjDaggerZvfvDaggere
NywiDaggerq NywiDaggerq eordfvk KDaggeri `vuZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| `vuDaggerZi Abumlvbuml cvkcedilDaggerjvI daggerhb
fvDaggerjvfvDaggere cwireglsaquovi Kiv nq daggermw`DaggerK daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
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8 cOumlwZevi Lvevi Gi ci eordfvk Kiv mcurrencente bv nDaggerj LyefvDaggerjv KDaggeri KzjKzwP KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
9 `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerSi gqjv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Dental Floss eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
DaggerKvb KvwV ev myuB w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerLvPvDaggerbv hvDaggere bv|
10 wRnŸv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Tongue Cleanser eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
11 cOumlDaggerqvRDaggerb fvDaggerjv Mouth Wash eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere ZDaggerewPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy
Abyhvqx|
12 `vuDaggerZi gvwo Avfrac12yj w`Daggerq Massage Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
13 daggerKvb appliance daggerfDaggerfrac12 daggerMDaggerj ev LyDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ev Appliance Gi KviDaggerY gyDaggerL daggerKvb
mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj dagger`ix bv KDaggeri mDaggerfrac12 mDaggerfrac12 Orthondontist-Gi civgkcopy wbDaggerZ nDaggere|
14 wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq ksup3 Lvevi (nvo AvL) LvIqv cwinvi KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
15 AvVvDaggerjv RvZxq Lvevi (PzBs Mvg) LvIqv ev` w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
16 daggercqviv AvDaggercj ev daggerh daggerKvb ksup3 Lvevi Kvgo w`Daggerq bv daggerLDaggerq daggerQvU daggerQvU UzKiv KDaggeri
daggerLDaggerZ nDaggere|
17 Orthodontist DaggerhfvDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK AvmDaggerZ ejDaggereb (1gvm ci ci) AekumlB Zv cvjb
KiDaggerZ nDaggere| bv nDaggerj daggerivMxi wPwKrmv daggerkl nDaggerZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi daggerewk jvMDaggere|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbPz `vuZ wVK Kivi Rbuml daggerhgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Oslashviv mwVK wPwKrmv daggerZgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerivMx Ges daggerivMxi AwffveDaggerKi
mnDaggerhvwMZv Ges Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy Abyhvqx Pjv| ZDaggereB DaggerivMx wPwKrmv DaggerkDaggerl cvDaggere
KvwldquoparaZ myrsaquo`i `vuZ|
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mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
50
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ dnotwms
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daggerQvAElig GKwU evMvDaggerb hw` ADaggerbKcedilDaggerjv MvQ daggereDaggero DVDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZDaggere ADaggerbK MvDaggerQi macr^vfvweK ebdquowtimes
weboacute nq Ges evMvbwU wKQyw`b ci Nb Rfrac12Daggerj cwiYZ nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK| ZLb hw` daggermLvb
dagger_DaggerK wKQy MvQ daggerKDaggerU daggerdjv nq ZDaggere evMvbwUi evKxMvQcedilDaggerjv iparav daggercDaggerq macr^vfvweKfvDaggere daggereDaggero
DVDaggere|
daggerZgwb gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerh cwigvY RvqMv AvDaggerQ Zvi daggerPDaggerq hw` `vuDaggerZi msLumlv daggerewk wKsev
`vuZ Lye daggerekx AvuKv evKv DuPz `uvZ _vKDaggerj ZDaggere Zv wVK KDaggeri `vuZDaggerK mywebumlvmacrmdash myrsaquo`i KDaggeri
daggerZvjvi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgq daggerivMxi wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB daggerivMx ev
Zvi AwffveK `vuZ daggerZvjvi K_v iumlbDaggerj fq cvq| Zviv fvDaggere `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ ADaggerbK euml_v
jvMDaggere ev daggerPvDaggerLi daggereordfBDaggerbi hw` daggerKvb parawZ nq| Zviv Orthodontist daggerK `vuZ bv ZzDaggerj
wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml AbyDaggeriva KDaggeri _vDaggerK| wKšlsquo ZvDagger`i G mKj aviYv mcurrenuacute~Ycopy Ag~jK| `vuZ
ZzjDaggerj daggerPvDaggerLi ev daggereordfBDaggerbi daggerKvb parawZ nqbv| GKRb AwfAacute wPwKrmK ZvB KiDaggereb hv KiDaggerj
daggerivMxi wPwKrmv fvDaggerjvfvDaggere mcurrenuacutebœ nDaggere Ges daggerivMx I Zvi AwffveK mšlsquowoacute jvf KiDaggere| Avi
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM wbw copyoacute rsquovb fvDaggerjvfvDaggere Aek KDaggeri wbDaggerj Ges wPwKrmDaggerKi dagger`qv DcDagger`k `vuZ
daggerZvjvi w`b I cieZcopyx KDaggerqKw`b mwVKfvDaggere daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj `vuZ daggerZvjvi ci daggerivMxi daggerZgb daggerKvb
Amyweav nq bv ejDaggerjB PDaggerj|
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`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM
`vuZ daggerZvjvi cDaggeri
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ADaggerbDaggerKB AvDaggerQb hviv ivDaggerZ NygvDaggerbvi AvDaggerM Ges mKvDaggerj bvmacrmdashv Lvevi ci `vuZ eordfvk
KDaggerib `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Kvj wejcurren^ bv KDaggeri `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggerib
`vuDaggerZi mymacrrsquoZvi Rbuml hv hv `iKvi Zviv Zv-B KDaggerib| GmeB nDaggerjv fvDaggerjv Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi
Rbuml LyeB DcKvix|
wKšlsquo Ggb wKQy Afumlvm AvDaggerQ hv gyL I `vuDaggerZi macr^vDaggermacrrsquoumli Rbuml LyeB parawZKi| Gme
e`AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi bvbv aiDaggerYi mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q| GB AfumlvmcedilDaggerjvi gDaggerauml Avfrac12yj
daggerPvlv wRnŸampv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv ev daggerVjv dagger`Iqv daggerKvb mgmumlv bv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI gyL w`Daggerq wbkbrvbarvm
daggerbqv daggerVvuU I bL KvgovDaggerbv AbumlZg|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK| evev gv hw` GUv daggerLqvj KDaggerib ZDaggere wkiumlDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere daggerh Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv Lvivc| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz nDaggerq hvq ADaggerbK mgq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bvI coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Open bite) bxDaggerPi
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daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZcedilDaggerjv msKzwPZ nDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK hZUzKz daggerXDaggerK ivLv
DwPZ Zv KDaggerg daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerbvi ci I hw` Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm bv KDaggerg ZDaggere wkiumli 2-3 eQi eqm
chcopyšmdash ADaggercparav KiDaggerZ nDaggere| ADaggerbK mgq 3 eQi eqDaggermi ci wkiumli GB Afumlvm PDaggerj hvq|
ZviciI hw` wkiuml G Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere GKRb AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12
civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| wPwKrmK `iKvi gDaggerb nDaggerj daggerKvb Appliance ev hšiquest w`Daggereb hv
wkiumlDaggerK GB Afumlvm `~i KiDaggerZ mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wkiumli hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK ZDaggere DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DPuy nDaggerq hvq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bv coDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerivMx gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri
wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq Avcbvi daggermvbvgwbi hw` Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml
parawZKi ZDaggere cOuml_DaggergB ZvDaggerK eySvb| ZvDaggerZ KvR bv nDaggerj Aemacrrsquov hvDaggerZ AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv
hvq daggermRbuml AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy Kisbquob|
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OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
56
CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
57
KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
59
GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
60
ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
61
daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
19
(wWc evBU) Deep bite
8 Knotvm 2 gumlvjAKnotzmb
(Class II malocclusion Division 1) GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi
`vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ macr^vfvweDaggerKi daggerPDaggerq ADaggerbK mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| DcDaggerii cvwUcopyi mvgDaggerbi
`vZcedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK DuPz nq|
Knotvm 2 wWwfkb 1 gumlvjAvKnotzmb
11 Knotvm 3 gumlvjAKnotzmb (Class III Malocclusion)
20
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi cvwcopyUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL
ev DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi Inscisal Edge GDaggerK AcDaggerii DcDaggeri Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| hvDaggerK
Edge To Edge Bite eDaggerj|
Knotvm 3 gumlvjAKnotzmb
12 Zvjy KvUv I daggerVvuU KvUv t
GwU GKwU RbyenMZ mgmumlv ADaggerbDaggerK iumlay daggerVvU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv Avevi ADaggerbDaggerK Dfq
mgmumlv wbDaggerqB RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| AwfAacute wPwKrmKebdquoDaggerrsaquo`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutevi gvaumlDaggerg mwVK
mgDaggerq mwVK wPwKrmv w`Daggerq daggerVvuU I Zvjy KvUv fvDaggerjv Kiv AvRKvj daggerKvb mgmumlvB bq|
21
Zvjy KvUv
daggerVvuU KvUv
DcDaggerii AvDaggerjvPbvq Avwg wKQy mgmumlv Lye mnR fvlvq AvcbvDagger`i eySvDaggerZ daggerPoacutev KDaggeriwQ|
GmKj mgmumlvi mswparaszlig weeiY wfZDaggerii cOumlwZwU AaumlvDaggerq dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev KiwQ|
22
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PROF IIDA JUN ICHI RO DR SAGOR amp
PROF TT YAMAMOTO AT KOREA
23
At IADR Seminar USA
Avcwb nqDaggerZvev Avcbvi wbDaggerRi A_ev daggerKvb wcOumlqRDaggerbi AvuKv evuKv `vuZ wbDaggerq LyeB
`ywethšmdashvMOumlmacr mdash| mywPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg Orthodontist AvcbvDaggerK GB `ywethšmdashv dagger_DaggerK gysup3 KiDaggerZ
cvDaggerib| wKšlsquo Avcwb wK RvDaggerbb daggerKb `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPz bxPz nq Avmyb bxDaggerPi AvDaggerjvPbvi
gvaumlDaggerg Avgiv cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy GB cOumlkœwUi DEumli LyuDaggerR daggerbB|
wewfbœ wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv wewfbœfvDaggere `vuZ AvuKv-evuKv nevi KviY mg~nDaggerK daggerkordfYxetimes
KDaggeriDaggerQb| AvcbvDagger`i Rvbvi myweavDagger_copy Lye mnR fvlvq `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi KviY mg~n wbDaggerP
dagger`qv njt
1| RbyenMZ KviY t K) wkiuml hw` daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| L) wkiumli
RDaggerbyeni mgq gv_vq AvNvZ daggercDaggerj| M) wewfbœ JlDaggerai cvkbrvbarcopy cOumlwZmicroqvi Rbuml|
2| eskMZ KviDaggerYt daggerPvqvj Lye daggerewk eo ev daggerQvU nDaggerj| daggerPvqvDaggerj me `vuZ aDaggeri
ivLvi gZ chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKDaggerj|
3| niDaggergvDaggerbi wewfbœ mgmumlv daggerhgbt Cretinism acromegali _vKDaggerj|
4| daggerPvqvj ev `vuDaggerZi bxDaggerP daggerKvb wUDgvi _vKDaggerj ev AvNvZ daggercDaggerj|
5| fyj ctimeswZDaggerZ Lvevi wMjDaggerj (Improper Swallowing)|
6| gyDaggerL daggerKvb `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKDaggerj|
7| `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AvKhellipwZ Amacr^vfvweK nDaggerj|
8| gyDaggerL AwZwisup3 daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj|
9| DaggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi gDaggerauml jydegvwqZ _vKDaggerj|
10| wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya `vuZ daggerdDaggerj w`Daggerj|
11| `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi ciI ADaggerbKw`b aDaggeri gyDaggerL Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerj|
12| macrrsquovqx daggerKvb `vuZ bv _vKDaggerj|
13| macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVDaggerZ dagger`ix KiDaggerj|
14| AvNvZ daggercDaggerj|
15| DaggerKvb `vuZ mnRfvDaggere DVDaggerZ euml_copy nDaggerj|
16| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv dagger`qv cOumlfbdquowZ AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi
cOumlavb KviYmg~nDaggerZv RvbDaggerjb| Avmyb bv Rvbv AacutevbUvDaggerK KvDaggerR jvMvB| DcDaggerivsup3
24
KviYmg~n hw` KvDaggeriv gvDaggerS dagger`LDaggerZ cvB ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY
KiDaggerZ ewj|
hLb KvDaggeriv gv_vq PzDaggerji cwigvb macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ Kg _vDaggerK ZLb ZvDaggerK KZB bv
`ywethšmdashv MOumlmacr mdash dagger`Lvq| gv_vi Pzjwenxb dvuKv macrrsquovb wKfvDaggere `~i Kiv hvq Zv wbDaggerq daggerhb wPšmdashvi daggerkl
_vDaggerK bv| wVK daggerZgwbfvDaggere wKQy gvbyDaggerli `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMv dagger`Lv hvq| ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcirc
Zviv Abuml gvbyDaggerli mvgDaggerb K_v ejDaggerZ GgbwK cOumlvb LyDaggerj nvmDaggerZI Amacr^wmacrmdash daggereva KDaggeri| hviv dvuKv
`vuDaggerZi mgmumlv fyMDaggerQb ZvDagger`i `ywethšmdashvi w`b daggerkl| ADagger_copyvWbwUKm wPwKrmvi KjumlvDaggerb dvuKv
`vuDaggerZi wPwKrmv GLb Avi daggerKvb mgmumlvB bq|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy
wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
25
mvaviY ADagger_copy Spacing ejDaggerZ Avgiv dvuKv macrrsquovb eywS| wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi fvlvq hLb
g yDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb daggerKvb `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMv _vDaggerK ZLb ZvDaggerK Spacing eDaggerj|
cOumlKviDaggerf` t Spacing `yB aiDaggerYi nDaggerq _vDaggerK|
1) Generalized Spacing daggerPvqvDaggerji me ev AwaKvsk `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv
_vKDaggerj|
2) Localized Spacing `yB ev ZDaggerZvwaK `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerj|
DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `ywU `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerj ZvDaggerK Median
Diastema eDaggerj|
Spacing ev dvuKvi KviY t
1 daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq `vuDaggerZi AvKvi hw` daggerQvU nq
2 RbyenMZfvDaggere daggerKvb `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKDaggerj|
3 Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj|
4 DaggerKvb `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AwZ paraz`ordf nDaggerj|
5 `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerj|
6 wmdivide wUDgvi _vKDaggerj|
7 wRnŸv eo _vKDaggerj| (macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ)
8 `vuZ wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK NyDaggeri daggerMDaggerj
9 GQvov daggerVuvU ev MvDaggerji KviDaggerY A_ev AwZwisup3 daggerKvb `vuZ gyDaggerL _vKDaggerj Zv cvDaggerki
`vuZDaggerK Pressure w`Daggerq mwiDaggerq Spacing KDaggeri|
Spacing wKfvDaggere wbYcopyq Kiv nq t
K) DaggerivMxi gyL MnŸi chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri
L) DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZiƒc ev Model dagger`DaggerL
M) x-ray dagger`DaggerL|
26
Spacing Gi Amyweav mg~nt
duvKv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI daggerivMxi Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv K_v ejvi
mgq daggerKvb daggerKvb katilde macruacuteoacutefvDaggere D‛PviDaggerY mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt
Spacing Gi wPwKrmv Kivi c~Daggerecopy daggerivMxi BwZnvm fvDaggerjvfvDaggere RvbDaggerZ nDaggere Ges
Spacing Gi mcurrencentveuml KviY mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggerZ nDaggere| hw` daggerivMxi Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK
hvi Rbuml `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMvi mbdquowoacute nDagger‛Q ZDaggere daggermB Afumlvm ev` dagger`qvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| ZviciI hw` daggerivMx Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere Habit breaking
appliance eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere| daggerKvb
TumourCyst _vKDaggerj Zv AcmviY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Spacing hw` Lye mvgvbuml cwigvDaggerY nq
Ges daggerivMxi hw` daggerKvb AwfDaggerhvM bv _vDaggerK ZDaggere wPwKrmv bv KivDaggerj I PDaggerj| ZDaggere Spacing
ADaggerbK daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontics wPwKrmv jvMDaggere| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri
wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wK aiDaggerYi wPwKrmv w`Daggereb| Spacing wVK Kivi Rbuml yB aiDaggerYi hšiquest ev
appliance use Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Removable Appliance)
Orthodontist `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ Fixed KDaggeri Appliance wU jvwMDaggerq w`Daggereb
(Fixed appliance) hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggerebv|
hw` `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mvgvbuml dvuKv _vDaggerK ZDaggere `vuDaggerZi iDaggerOi mvDagger_ wgwjDaggerq Filling Kiv
daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
GQvov gyDaggerLi Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS KhellipwIcircg `vuZ ewmDaggerq I Spacing Correction Kiv hvq| DaggerZv
Avcbvi hw` _vDaggerK dvuKv `vuDaggerZi mgmumlv ZDaggere PDaggerj Avmyb AwfAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ| wPwKrmv
KwiDaggerq `vuDaggerZi dvuKv wVK Kisbquob cOumlvY LyDaggerj nvmyb Avi nDaggerq DVyb AvKlcopyYxq|
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mvaviYfvDaggere Crowding ejDaggerZ daggerKvb wKQyi AvwaKumlDaggerK daggerevSvq| wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi
fvlvq gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKvi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi macr^vfvweK webumlvm evavMOumlmacrrsquo nDaggerq daggerh
wekbdquoldquoLjZv mbdquowoacute nq ZvDaggerK Crowding eDaggerj|
KviYmg~nt wewfbœ KviDaggerY gyDaggerL Crowding nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Zvi gDaggerauml DDaggerjshyLDaggerhvMuml
KviYmg~n bxDaggerP Dagger`qv njt
1 gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AvKhellipwZi mvgAumlmuml bv _vKDaggerj|
2 `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj|
3 `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi ADaggerbK AvDaggerM cDaggero daggerMDaggerj
4 macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVDaggerZ dagger`ix nDaggerj
5 AvNvZ daggercDaggerj
6 DaggerKvb `vuZ evowZ _vKDaggerj
7 Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj
28
8 daggerPvqvj macr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes bv daggercDaggerj
Crowding wbYcopyqt
1 daggerivMxi gyLMnŸi chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri|
2 DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Model ev cOumlwZiƒc dagger`DaggerL
3 GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL|
Crowding Gi djvdj t
`vuDaggerZi Dci cOumlfvet Gi dDaggerj `vuZ Zvi wbDaggerRi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK NyDaggeri daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri
`vuZ daggernDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri GgbwK daggerKvb daggerKvb `vuZ bvI DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Dci cOumlfve t
1 DaggerivMx mvgvwRKfvDaggere wewfbœ mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
2 DaggermŠrsaquo`hcopynvwb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
3 `vuZ wVKgZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ bv cvivi KviDaggerY `vuZ I gvwoi wewfbœ daggerivDaggerM Avmicrovšmdash
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
4 nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmv t
1 cOumlwZDaggerivag~jK eumlemacrrsquovt
hw` daggerivMxi cwievDaggeri KvDaggeriv `vuDaggerZ Crowding _vDaggerK ZDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist-Gi chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ covi mwVK mgq bv Avmv chcopyšmdash `ya `vuZDaggerK msiparaY Kivi daggerPoacutev KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggerKvb paraqDaggerivM dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerZ daggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml
boacute bv nq|
Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj ZumlvM KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ mwVK mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj Zv wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq daggerdDaggerj dagger`qvi eumlemacrrsquov KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
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gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere avivevwnKfvDaggere wbw`copyoacute wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerK
wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi fvlvq Serial extraction ejv nq|
2 msDaggerkvab g~jK eumlemacrrsquov t
K) DaggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml evovDaggerbv
DaggerPvqvjDaggerK cOumlmvwiZ Kiv
mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK wKQyUv DuPz Kiv
Daggergvjvi `vuZDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerUDaggerb Daggerbqv
vuDaggerZi AvKvi daggerQvU KDaggeri daggerdjv
`vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjv t
Crowding Gi cwigvY Lye daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontist wVK KiDaggereb daggerKvb `vuZwU
daggerdjDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
Crowding Lye daggerewk nDaggerj ev gvSvwi aiDaggerYi nDaggerj Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggerq
Removable ev Fixed daggerh daggerKvb GK aiDaggerYi appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggereb|
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Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi
msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy AvDaggerm| wKšlsquo daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` DcDaggerii cvwUcopyi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy bv
AvDaggerm Ges Gi dDaggerj DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi cvwUcopyi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mecopy`v dvuKv macrrsquovb _vDaggerK Ges gyL
mcurrenuacute~YcopyiƒDaggerc eUuml bv nq ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Open Bite eDaggerj|
mvaviYfvDaggere Open Bite ejDaggerZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi
Kvgo bv jvMvDaggerK daggerevSvq|
Open bite mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ ev wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Open Bite Gi KviY
mg~nt Avfrac12yj weDaggerkl KDaggeri ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Open bite nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
31
wRnŸv macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ eo _vKDaggerj ev hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjvavdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm
_vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS _vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi
DcDaggerii AsDaggerk (occlusal surface) -G _vDaggerK ZDaggere Open Bite nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
G Qvov daggerivMx hw` Bony Dysplasia Congenital wmwdwjm BZumlvw` daggerivDaggerM fyDaggerM
_vDaggerK ZDaggereI Open bite Gi mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt Open bite Gi wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml mecopycOuml_g daggerivMxDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOuml_Daggerg Open bite nevi KviY
mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggereb| hw` daggerivMxi Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK
ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm `~i Kivi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb
KDaggerib ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm ~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance)
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib daggerivMxDaggerK|
Open bite hw` gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj hvq ZDaggere Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontic
appliance eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri hv Fixed ev Removable daggerh daggerKvb iKgB
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
hw` daggerPvqvDaggerji nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Open bite dagger`Lv hvq Ges daggerivMxi eqm hw` 6-12 eQi
nq ZDaggere Chin cap (Chin cap bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi ev bxDaggerPi w`DaggerKi ebdquowtimes
nIqvDaggerK cOumlwZDaggeriva KDaggeri) Gi mvDagger_ High pull head gear eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nevi ci Ges macrrsquovqx `vuZ me DVvi ci daggerPvqvDaggerji Amacr^vfvweK
ebdquowtimesRwbZ KviDaggerY daggerh Open bite nq Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Surgery Kiv DaggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq KvDaggeriv Open bite Gi mgmumlv _vKDaggerj AvovDaggerj Zvi mgvDaggerjvPbv bv
KDaggeri AvgvDagger`i mKDaggerji DwPZ ZvDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ
ejv| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cieZcopyx KiYxq mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy ejDaggerZ cviDaggereb| Zvui
civgkcopy Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY KiDaggerj Open bite wbivgq Kiv mcurrencente|
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`šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv Class II Malocclusion DaggerK `yB fvDaggerM fvM KDaggeriDaggerQb|
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion
2 Class II division 2 malocclusion
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion t
hw` KvDaggeriv daggerclY `vuDaggerZi mcurrenuacuteKcopy (Molar relation) Class II _vDaggerK Ges DcDaggerii
DaggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZ cedilDaggerjv DPz _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv Class II Division 1 Gi Ašmdashfycopysup3|
Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK
(Convex profile) DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ daggerewk daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL
DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK daggerewk mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| `vuZ DuPz nevi KviDaggerY
daggerivMx ADaggerbK mgq `yB daggerVuvU eUuml KiDaggerZ cvDaggeribv|
33
2 Class II division 2 Malocclusion
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc Molar Relation Class II _vKDaggere A_copyvr DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev
Molar `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev Molar `vuDaggerZi dagger_DaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ mvgDaggerb
Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv wKQyUv wfZDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb
KiDaggere| mvaviYZ DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj GKB iKg AemacrrsquovDaggerb _vKDaggere (Straight Profile)
DcDaggerii `vuZcedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK cyDaggerivUv daggerXDaggerK ivLDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`ix bv KDaggeri GKRb Orthodontist daggerK Rvbvb|
Orthodontist wewfbœ chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri wPwKrmv ctimeswZ wVK KiDaggereb|
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Avcbvi AvDaggerk cvDaggerki gvbylcedilDaggerjvDaggerK GKUz fvDaggerjvfvDaggere jpara KiDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggereb daggerewki
fvM gvbyDaggerliB DcDaggeri daggerPvqvj Ges DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji
`vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ mvgvbuml GKUz mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK| Ges GUvB nDaggerjv macr^vfvweK| wKšlsquo wKQy gvbyDaggerli
daggerparaDaggerIcirc Gi DDaggereumlvUv dagger`Lv dagger`q| A_copyvr ZvDagger`i bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK _vDaggerK DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj ev DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ| GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi
fvlvq eDaggerj Class III malocclusion|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
`yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| 1Uv nDaggerjv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY| GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii
cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
35
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi
MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb dagger`DaggerL GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wKfvDaggere wPwKrmv KiDaggerj
daggerivMx mDaggerecopyvEumlg djvdj cvq|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion nq ZDaggere Orthodontic
Treatment A_copyvr iumlaygvIcirc Brace cwoDaggerqB wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere evošmdash ev cwiYZ daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB| ZDaggere Lye daggerewk eqDaggerm wPwKrmv KivDaggerj wPwKrmvi mgq daggereDaggero hvDaggere|
hw` evošmdash eqDaggerm nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion dagger`Lv dagger`q ZDaggere
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvjDaggerK mvgDaggerb Avbvi Rbuml ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvjDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerbqvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK wewfbœ
36
aiDaggerYi hšiquest dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri eumlenvDaggerii Rbuml| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Face Mask Chin Cap DDaggerjshyL
daggerhvMuml|
hw` cwiYZ eqDaggerm gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerqi Class III malocclusion hv nvDaggerii MVDaggerbi
KviDaggerY nDaggerqDaggerQ Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ ZDaggere kjuml wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
37
evBgumlvmiddot
evBgvmiddot `y aiDaggerbi nq| evBgumlvwmiddotjvix cOumlUzordfmb Ges evBgumlvwmiddot jvix cOumlwKnotDaggerbmb| wK KwVb
katilde| Avmyb Lye mnDaggerR daggerRDaggerb daggerbB `uvZ I gvwoi Avi GK mgmumlv hvi bvg evBgvmiddot|
evBgumlvmiddot mgmumlvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj wKsev `uvZ wKsev DfqB mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK DPzu _vDaggerK| dDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv daggerVvU DPzu nDaggerq _vKv GgbwK gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ
cviv mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
mvavibZ `uvZ hw` Zzjbvg~jK fvDaggere eo GgbwK daggerPvqvj jcurren^v wKsev daggerXvK wMjvi mgq
wRnev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK Amacr^vfvweK fvDaggere `uvZDaggerK mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK daggerVjv w`Daggerj GB aiDaggerbi mgmumlv nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| NveovDaggerbvi wKQzB daggerbB GB mgmumlvi mgvavb Lye myrsaquo`i KDaggeri GK AwfAacute ADagger_copyDaggerWbwUdivide
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib| gDaggerb ivLDaggerZ nDaggere cOumlv_wgK Aemacrrsquovq GB mgmumlvi mgvavb KiDaggerj ZZUv RwUjZv nq
bv| eDaggerqvmwUuml KvDaggerji c~Daggere eDaggerqvmmwUuml KvDaggerji mgq Ges cDaggeri wPwKrmv eumlemacrrsquov cbdquo_K cbdquo_K nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
38
myrsaquo`Daggerii c~Rvix mKDaggerjB ZvB GB mgmumlv mgvavb KDaggeri
Avcwb nDaggerq DVyb myrsaquo`i `uvZ I nvwmi AwaKvix
39
daggerMR `vuZ(High Canine) DPz KZcopyb `vuZ t
AvgvDagger`i gyDaggerL eqm 5 eQi chcopyšmdash daggerh 20 wU `vuZ _vDaggerK Zvi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ
_vDaggerK| eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ 20wU `ya `vuZ hLb cDaggero wMDaggerq macrrsquovqx `vuZ DDaggerV ZLbI daggergvU
32wU `vuDaggerZi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ _vDaggerK| G KZcopyb `uvZcedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi 4wU daggerKvbvq AewmacrrsquoZ| ZvB
GDagger`iDaggerK Corner Stone of mouth eDaggerj| bvg iumlbDaggerjB daggerevSv hvq G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Lv`uml`ordfeumlDaggerK
KZcopyb KiDaggerZ Ges wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri| G `vuZ cedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK kwsup3kvjx| KviY G `vuDaggerZi
GbvDaggergDaggerji cyisbquoZiexcl Daggerewk Ges mvgDaggerbi 4wU `vuDaggerZi (Pecopyb `vuZ-Incisor tooth) ciciB
AewmacrrsquoZ| daggerKvb daggerKvb mgq wewfbœ KviY ekZt G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Zvi wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK wfbœ
AemacrrsquovDaggerb dagger`Lv hvq| hw` G `vuZcedilDaggerjv gvwoi gDaggerauml ev DcDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri ZLb ZvDaggerK
High Canine ev daggerMR `vuZ ejv nq| Avevi KLDaggerbv GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv Zvjyi w`K w`Daggerq DDaggerV|
ZLb GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK Palataly placed canine eDaggerj| Avevi KLDaggerbv I gvwo ev Zvjyi wfZDaggeri
G `vuZ Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| ZLb ZvDaggerK Impacted Canine ejv nq| GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi gDaggerauml
AZxe Risbquoix PviwU `vuZ| GB `vuZ daggerhgb Lv`uml`ordfeuml KZcopyb I wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri cvkvcvwk
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daggerPvqvDaggerji bovPovDaggerK wbqšiquestY KDaggeri| GB `vuZDaggerK Beauty tooth I ejv nq| ZvB G `vuDaggerZi
mvwietimesfvDaggere webumlvm LyeB Risbquoix|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ daggerh KDaggerqKwU mgmumlv ZzDaggerj aiv nDaggerjv G mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi mgvavb LyeB Risbquoix|
hw` daggerKD GiKg daggerKvb mgmumlvq fyDaggerM _vDaggerKb ZDaggere AwfAacute Orthodontist -B nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
Avcbvi myrsaquo`i nvwm wdwiDaggerq dagger`qvi cig eUumlz|
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daggerVvuU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerki wkiumlDagger`i GKwU AbumlZg
mgmumlv| wewfbœ MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv wMDaggerqDaggerQ cOumlwZ 700 RDaggerb 1 Rb daggerVvuU KvUv Ges cOumlwZ 1000 RDaggerb
1 Rb wkiuml Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| daggerVvuU KvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggerQDaggerj wkiumlDagger`i Ges
ZvjyKvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggergDaggerq-wkiumlDagger`i gvDaggerS|
wewfbœ KviDaggerY wkiuml daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri _vDaggerK| kZKiv 25 fvM daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GUv eskMZ KviDaggerY nDaggerq _vDaggerK| hw` 1 Rb ZvjyKvUv daggerivMx 1 Rb mymacrrsquo gvbylDaggerK weDaggerq KDaggeri ZDaggere
ZvDagger`i ev‛Pvi ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kivi mcurrencentvebv kZKiv 2 fvM|
Mfcopyvemacrrsquovi cOuml_g fvDaggerM gv hw` daggerKvb fvBivj BbDaggerdKkDaggerb Avmicrovšmdash nq ev kvixwiKfvDaggere
AvNvZcOumlvszlig nq ev niDaggergvDaggerbi fvimvgumlnxbZvq fyDaggerM ev wfUvwgDaggerbi AfvDaggere fyDaggerM _vDaggerK ev
daggeriwWDaggerqkDaggerb GmiddotDaggercvR nq ev _umlvwjDaggerWvgvBW RvZxq Ilya MOumlnY KDaggeri ZDaggere wkiumli daggerVvuU ev
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| KvDaggerQi AvZyenxq macr^RDaggerbi gvDaggerS weDaggerq nDaggerjI wkiuml G mgmumlv
wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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DaggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq wkiuml RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerj cwieviDaggerK bvbv aiDaggerYi mvgvwRK I gvbwmK
mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ nq| wkiuml hLb GB mgmumlv wbDaggerq eo nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZLb daggermI gvbwmKfvDaggere
nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ _vDaggerK| G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ K_v
ejDaggerZ I iumlbDaggerZ mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| `vuDaggerZi mgmumlvi gDaggerauml hv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Zvi gDaggerauml AbumlZg
nDagger‛Q-wewfbœ `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKv `vuZ wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV gyDaggerLi Abuml daggerKvb RvqMvq
DVv evowZ wKQy `vuZ _vKv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb ksup3 bv nIqv `vuDaggerZi MVb myrsaquo`i bv nIqv
gvwoi wewfbœ mgmumlv `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPy-bxPz nIqv|
daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv daggerivMxDagger`i wPwKrmv weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmKDagger`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutev Qvov mcurrencente
bq| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Orthodontist Gi f~wgKv iumlisbquo nq ev‛Pvi RDaggerbyeni ci ciB| daggerhDaggernZz daggerVvuU I
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv nq daggermRbuml wkiumli RDaggerbyeni ci ciB
gyDaggerLi wfZi covi Rbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b daggerhb wkiumli daggerLDaggerZ
daggerKvb mgmumlv bv nq|
kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wkiumli 3-6 gvm eqDaggerm daggerVvuU I 1-2 eQi eqDaggerm Zvjy wVK KiDaggerZ
nDaggere GKRb AwfAacute kjuml wPwKrmK Oslashviv| kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg daggerVvuU I Zvjy wVK Kivi ci
wkiumli DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj hvDaggerZ msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GK aiDaggerYi
Appliance ev hšiquest bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b|
wkiumli Mixed dentition stage (6-12 eQi eqm) -G gyDaggerL daggerKvb AwZwisup3 `vuZ
_vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GQvov mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Cross bite _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuZ
AvuKv evKv _vKDaggerj ev Molar ev daggerclY `vDaggerZi Relation wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere Removable ev Fixed appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo
KiDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
me macrrsquovqx `vuZ PDaggerj Avmvi ci macrrsquovqxfvDaggere daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Kvgo (Occlusion
improve) wVK Kivi Rbuml Fixed ev Removable appliance w`Daggerq Orthodontist
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb Ges daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggereb|
GB mgDaggerq gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyDaggerK wVK Kivi Rbuml cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj Bony Graft Kiv daggerhDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| Gi dDaggerj Orthodontic treatment Gi daggerh djvdj ZvI Aparazbœ _vKDaggere|
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daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLvi ci Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere daggerivMxDaggerK
Permanent Retainer bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv daggerivMxDaggerK me mgq cDaggero _vKDaggerZ nDaggere|
Amacrlsaquovi weRqx DaggerRvqvDaggerKb wdwbmiddot RDaggerbyeni mgq daggerVvuU KvuUv wQj
daggerVvuU KuvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv daggerKvb Awfkvc bq| mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg
GDaggerK mvwiDaggerq daggerZvjv mcurrencente| `iKvi iumlay mevi mDaggerPZbZv Avi mwVK mgDaggerq weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri daggerm Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY Kiv|
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ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerKvb eqDaggerm iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ Zv AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKiB ARvbv|
ADaggerbK AwffveKB eySDaggerZ cvDaggerib bv wkiumli ADagger_copyvWbwUK mgmumlvi Rbuml daggerKvb eqDaggerm
Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| AAacutevbZvi Rbuml ev Abuml daggerKvb wOslashav-OslashDaggerrsaquo`i
KviDaggerY Zviv ADaggerbK mgqB ADaggerbK dagger`ix KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb wPwKrmvi
Rbuml| dDaggerj wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc wPwKrmvi eumlvwszligKvj daggereDaggero hvq| wKQyDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK
chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc
wPwKrmvi djvdj Avkvbyiƒc nq bv| KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv KZUv
Risbquoix| GLb Avwg ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi eqm mxgv wbDaggerq AvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri AvcbvDagger`i
wKQyUv nDaggerjI aviYv dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev Kie|
AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerk ADaggerbK wkiumlB daggerVvuU ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| Kzmsmacrlsaquoviv‛Qbœ
gvbyliv GDaggerK Awfkvc ev fvDaggerMumli wjLb gDaggerb KDaggeri nvZ cv cedilwUDaggerq eDaggerm _vDaggerK daggerKvb wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri bv| wKšlsquo gDaggerb ivLDaggereb daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumli
AwffveKDagger`i DwPZ RDaggerbyeni ci ciB GKRb AwfAacute Orhodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY Kiv|
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KviY G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i RDaggerbyeni ciB cOumlavb I cOuml_g daggerh mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q Zv nDaggerjv Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mgmumlv| Orthodontist Gmgq GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv wkiumlDaggerK Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml LyeB parawZKi GKwU Afumlvm|
mvaviYZ `yB dagger_DaggerK wZb eQi eqDaggermi gDaggerauml Avcbv Avcwb wkiuml G AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KDaggeri daggerdDaggerj|
wKšlsquo ZviciI hw` wkiuml AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere AwffveKDagger`i Gi parawZKi w`KwU
mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere Ges microgvMZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv PjDaggerZ _vKDaggerj wkiumlDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj G AfumlvmwU
`~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance) bullZwi KDaggeri w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib
hvDaggerZ KDaggeri fwelumlDaggerZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi KviDaggerY wkiumli `vuDaggerZi webumlvm AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv hvq|
mvaviYZ 5-6 eQi eqm dagger_DaggerK wkiumlDagger`i `ya `vuZ coDaggerZ iumlisbquo KDaggeri| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK mgq
dagger`Lv hvq AvNvZ RwbZ paraq RwbZ ev Abuml daggerKvb daggerivDaggerMi KviDaggerY wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya
`vuZ cDaggero hvq ev daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| `vuZ covi ci daggerh dvuKv RvqMvwU _vDaggerK daggerm RvqMvwU ZLb
`yB cvDaggerki `vuZ w`Daggerq eUuml nDaggerq hvq| dDaggerj rsquovqx `vuZ DVvi Rbuml chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv daggercDaggerq
Amacr^vfvweK daggerKvb RvqMvq `vuZ DDaggerV Ges `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi mcurrencentvebv daggereDaggero hvq| GB dvuKv
macrrsquovbwU hvDaggerZ cvDaggerki `vuZ Oslashviv eUuml bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl hšiquest bullZwi
KDaggeri w`Daggereb hvDaggerK Space maintainer eDaggerj| KvDaggerRB daggerKvb `ya`vuZ hw` Zvi wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi
AvDaggerM cDaggero hvq ZDaggere dagger`ix bv KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi mvDagger_ dagger`Lv Kisbquob|
ADaggerbK ev‛PvDagger`i dagger`Lv hvq DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj daggerewk evoDaggerQ ev hZUzKz evovi K_v
ZZUzKz evoDaggerQ bv| Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc evošmdash eqDaggerm (6-12) Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cOumlDaggerqvRb AbymvDaggeri Face
mask ev Chin cap eumlenvi KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb hv ev‛Pvi DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimesDaggerK
mwVK AmacrrsquovDaggerb wbDaggerZ mnvqZv KiDaggere|
DaggerVuvU I ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i daggerVvuU I Zvjy kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wVK
Kivi ci mwVK mgq Orthodontist Gmiddotcvbmb macrŒz (Expansion screw) ZvjyDaggerZ jvwMDaggerq
dagger`b hvDaggerZ DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq| G wkiumlDagger`i 8-10 eQi eqDaggerm bone
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grafting Kivi Rbuml kjuml wPwKrmKDaggerK cOumlDaggerqvRbxq civgkcopy I mnvqZv w`Daggerq _vDaggerKb
Orthodontist|
6-12 eQi eqDaggerm hLb wkiumli gyDaggerL `ya I macrrsquovqx Dfq cOumlKvi `vuZ we`umlgvb ZLb hw`
`vuDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo (Cross bite) daggerewk Kvgo (Deep bite) dagger`Lv hvq ZDaggere
Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRbxq eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggereb hvDaggerZ fwelumlDaggerZ KvgocedilDaggerjv AvDaggeriv Lvivc -Gi w`DaggerK
bv hvq|
`ya `vuZ me cDaggero hvevi ci I macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVvi ci AvuKv evuKv DuPz -bxPz `vuZ wVK
Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS Removable Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ
ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere) ev Fixed Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere bv) w`Daggerq
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb|
ADaggerbDaggerKiB gDaggerbB cOumlkœ _vDaggerK daggerh daggerewk eqDaggerm Orthodontic wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere wKbv|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuZ nvo I GDagger`i mvDagger_ mcurrenuacuteKcopyhysup3 structure cedilDaggerjv fvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZDaggere daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv Kiv mcurrencente|
cOumlvszlig eqDaggerm hw` DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj hw` Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes daggercDaggerq _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv
wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj kjuml wPwKrmvi Oslashvimacrrsquo nDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi mdjZv wbfcopyi KDaggeri wPwKrmDaggerKi AwfAacuteZv daggerivMx I Zvi
AwffveDaggerKi mnDaggerhvwMZv I mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi Dci|
gDaggerb ivLDaggereb mgDaggerqi GK daggerdvuo AmgDaggerqi `k daggerdvuo| mwVK mgDaggerq mwVK KvRwU KiDaggerj
Avcwb daggerh djvdj cvDaggereb dagger`ix KDaggeri KvRwU KiDaggerj daggermB djvdj Avcwb bvI daggercDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
Avcbvi daggerKvb wbKURDaggerbi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj mwVK mgDaggerq Orthodontist
Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggerZ fyjDaggereb bv daggerhb|
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Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Dci Bracket
ev Brace covDaggerbv _vDaggerK| Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq
Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv wbDagger`kcopyvejx wVKgZ daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj wPwKrmv cieZcopyx RwUjZv dagger`Lv
dagger`evi mcurrencentvebv LyeB Kg|
Fixed Orthodontic treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq gyL I `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZ weDaggerkl hZœ wbDaggerZ
nDaggere| daggerhme welDaggerqi Dci daggerewk daggerewk bRi ivLDaggerZ nDaggere Zv bxDaggerP dagger`qv nDaggerjvt
1 daggerhw`b daggerivMxi gyDaggerL Bracket emvDaggerbv nDaggere Zvici dagger_DaggerK 24 NrsaquoUv chcopyšmdash ksup3 Lvevi
LvIqv DwPZ bq| GDaggerZ Bracket LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| H 24 NrsaquoUv Lye daggerRvDaggeri daggerRvDaggeri `vuZ
eordfvk Kiv I DwPZ bq| daggerivMx Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv civgkcopy Abyhvqx `vuZ eordfvk
KiDaggere I macr^vfvweK Lvevi LvDaggere|
2 Bracket covDaggerbvi 2-3 w`b chcopyšmdash daggerivMxi GKUz Amacr^wmacrmdash nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GDaggerZ fDaggerqi wKQy
daggerbB| gyDaggerL bZzb wKQy wRwbm emvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2-3 w`b ci Zv AfumlvDaggerm cwiYZ nDaggerq
hvDaggere|
3 cOumlwZevi Lvevi LvIqvi ci AekumlB `vuZ fvDaggerjvfvDaggere eordfvk KiDaggerZ nDaggere| mKvDaggerj I ivDaggerZ
daggerdnotvivBW hysup3 Uz_Daggercdivide w`Daggerq `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggere| Abumlvbuml mgq Uz_ daggercoacute Qvov eordfvk KiDaggerjI
PjDaggere|
4 cOumlwZ wZb (3) gvm ci ci Uz_eordfvk e`j KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Uz_eordfvDaggerki weordfmampjcedilDaggerjv daggerhb big
(Medium soft) nq Zv daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
5 Bracket ev appliance -Gi Dci bxDaggerP 45 daggerKvDaggerY eordfvk aDaggeri `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
6 Lye daggerRvDaggeri Pvc w`Daggerq eordfvk Kiv hvDaggere bv| GDaggerZ KDaggeri Appliance LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
7 `vuDaggerZi daggerh cvDaggerk Appliance AvDaggerQ daggermB cvDaggerk Appliance -Gi Dci AvjDaggerZvfvDaggere
NywiDaggerq NywiDaggerq eordfvk KDaggeri `vuZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| `vuDaggerZi Abumlvbuml cvkcedilDaggerjvI daggerhb
fvDaggerjvfvDaggere cwireglsaquovi Kiv nq daggermw`DaggerK daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
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8 cOumlwZevi Lvevi Gi ci eordfvk Kiv mcurrencente bv nDaggerj LyefvDaggerjv KDaggeri KzjKzwP KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
9 `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerSi gqjv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Dental Floss eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
DaggerKvb KvwV ev myuB w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerLvPvDaggerbv hvDaggere bv|
10 wRnŸv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Tongue Cleanser eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
11 cOumlDaggerqvRDaggerb fvDaggerjv Mouth Wash eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere ZDaggerewPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy
Abyhvqx|
12 `vuDaggerZi gvwo Avfrac12yj w`Daggerq Massage Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
13 daggerKvb appliance daggerfDaggerfrac12 daggerMDaggerj ev LyDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ev Appliance Gi KviDaggerY gyDaggerL daggerKvb
mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj dagger`ix bv KDaggeri mDaggerfrac12 mDaggerfrac12 Orthondontist-Gi civgkcopy wbDaggerZ nDaggere|
14 wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq ksup3 Lvevi (nvo AvL) LvIqv cwinvi KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
15 AvVvDaggerjv RvZxq Lvevi (PzBs Mvg) LvIqv ev` w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
16 daggercqviv AvDaggercj ev daggerh daggerKvb ksup3 Lvevi Kvgo w`Daggerq bv daggerLDaggerq daggerQvU daggerQvU UzKiv KDaggeri
daggerLDaggerZ nDaggere|
17 Orthodontist DaggerhfvDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK AvmDaggerZ ejDaggereb (1gvm ci ci) AekumlB Zv cvjb
KiDaggerZ nDaggere| bv nDaggerj daggerivMxi wPwKrmv daggerkl nDaggerZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi daggerewk jvMDaggere|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbPz `vuZ wVK Kivi Rbuml daggerhgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Oslashviv mwVK wPwKrmv daggerZgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerivMx Ges daggerivMxi AwffveDaggerKi
mnDaggerhvwMZv Ges Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy Abyhvqx Pjv| ZDaggereB DaggerivMx wPwKrmv DaggerkDaggerl cvDaggere
KvwldquoparaZ myrsaquo`i `vuZ|
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mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
50
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ dnotwms
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daggerQvAElig GKwU evMvDaggerb hw` ADaggerbKcedilDaggerjv MvQ daggereDaggero DVDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZDaggere ADaggerbK MvDaggerQi macr^vfvweK ebdquowtimes
weboacute nq Ges evMvbwU wKQyw`b ci Nb Rfrac12Daggerj cwiYZ nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK| ZLb hw` daggermLvb
dagger_DaggerK wKQy MvQ daggerKDaggerU daggerdjv nq ZDaggere evMvbwUi evKxMvQcedilDaggerjv iparav daggercDaggerq macr^vfvweKfvDaggere daggereDaggero
DVDaggere|
daggerZgwb gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerh cwigvY RvqMv AvDaggerQ Zvi daggerPDaggerq hw` `vuDaggerZi msLumlv daggerewk wKsev
`vuZ Lye daggerekx AvuKv evKv DuPz `uvZ _vKDaggerj ZDaggere Zv wVK KDaggeri `vuZDaggerK mywebumlvmacrmdash myrsaquo`i KDaggeri
daggerZvjvi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgq daggerivMxi wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB daggerivMx ev
Zvi AwffveK `vuZ daggerZvjvi K_v iumlbDaggerj fq cvq| Zviv fvDaggere `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ ADaggerbK euml_v
jvMDaggere ev daggerPvDaggerLi daggereordfBDaggerbi hw` daggerKvb parawZ nq| Zviv Orthodontist daggerK `vuZ bv ZzDaggerj
wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml AbyDaggeriva KDaggeri _vDaggerK| wKšlsquo ZvDagger`i G mKj aviYv mcurrenuacute~Ycopy Ag~jK| `vuZ
ZzjDaggerj daggerPvDaggerLi ev daggereordfBDaggerbi daggerKvb parawZ nqbv| GKRb AwfAacute wPwKrmK ZvB KiDaggereb hv KiDaggerj
daggerivMxi wPwKrmv fvDaggerjvfvDaggere mcurrenuacutebœ nDaggere Ges daggerivMx I Zvi AwffveK mšlsquowoacute jvf KiDaggere| Avi
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM wbw copyoacute rsquovb fvDaggerjvfvDaggere Aek KDaggeri wbDaggerj Ges wPwKrmDaggerKi dagger`qv DcDagger`k `vuZ
daggerZvjvi w`b I cieZcopyx KDaggerqKw`b mwVKfvDaggere daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj `vuZ daggerZvjvi ci daggerivMxi daggerZgb daggerKvb
Amyweav nq bv ejDaggerjB PDaggerj|
52
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM
`vuZ daggerZvjvi cDaggeri
53
ADaggerbDaggerKB AvDaggerQb hviv ivDaggerZ NygvDaggerbvi AvDaggerM Ges mKvDaggerj bvmacrmdashv Lvevi ci `vuZ eordfvk
KDaggerib `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Kvj wejcurren^ bv KDaggeri `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggerib
`vuDaggerZi mymacrrsquoZvi Rbuml hv hv `iKvi Zviv Zv-B KDaggerib| GmeB nDaggerjv fvDaggerjv Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi
Rbuml LyeB DcKvix|
wKšlsquo Ggb wKQy Afumlvm AvDaggerQ hv gyL I `vuDaggerZi macr^vDaggermacrrsquoumli Rbuml LyeB parawZKi| Gme
e`AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi bvbv aiDaggerYi mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q| GB AfumlvmcedilDaggerjvi gDaggerauml Avfrac12yj
daggerPvlv wRnŸampv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv ev daggerVjv dagger`Iqv daggerKvb mgmumlv bv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI gyL w`Daggerq wbkbrvbarvm
daggerbqv daggerVvuU I bL KvgovDaggerbv AbumlZg|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK| evev gv hw` GUv daggerLqvj KDaggerib ZDaggere wkiumlDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere daggerh Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv Lvivc| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz nDaggerq hvq ADaggerbK mgq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bvI coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Open bite) bxDaggerPi
54
daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZcedilDaggerjv msKzwPZ nDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK hZUzKz daggerXDaggerK ivLv
DwPZ Zv KDaggerg daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerbvi ci I hw` Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm bv KDaggerg ZDaggere wkiumli 2-3 eQi eqm
chcopyšmdash ADaggercparav KiDaggerZ nDaggere| ADaggerbK mgq 3 eQi eqDaggermi ci wkiumli GB Afumlvm PDaggerj hvq|
ZviciI hw` wkiuml G Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere GKRb AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12
civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| wPwKrmK `iKvi gDaggerb nDaggerj daggerKvb Appliance ev hšiquest w`Daggereb hv
wkiumlDaggerK GB Afumlvm `~i KiDaggerZ mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wkiumli hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK ZDaggere DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DPuy nDaggerq hvq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bv coDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerivMx gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri
wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq Avcbvi daggermvbvgwbi hw` Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml
parawZKi ZDaggere cOuml_DaggergB ZvDaggerK eySvb| ZvDaggerZ KvR bv nDaggerj Aemacrrsquov hvDaggerZ AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv
hvq daggermRbuml AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy Kisbquob|
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OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
56
CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
57
KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
59
GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
60
ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
61
daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
20
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi cvwcopyUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL
ev DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi Inscisal Edge GDaggerK AcDaggerii DcDaggeri Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| hvDaggerK
Edge To Edge Bite eDaggerj|
Knotvm 3 gumlvjAKnotzmb
12 Zvjy KvUv I daggerVvuU KvUv t
GwU GKwU RbyenMZ mgmumlv ADaggerbDaggerK iumlay daggerVvU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv Avevi ADaggerbDaggerK Dfq
mgmumlv wbDaggerqB RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| AwfAacute wPwKrmKebdquoDaggerrsaquo`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutevi gvaumlDaggerg mwVK
mgDaggerq mwVK wPwKrmv w`Daggerq daggerVvuU I Zvjy KvUv fvDaggerjv Kiv AvRKvj daggerKvb mgmumlvB bq|
21
Zvjy KvUv
daggerVvuU KvUv
DcDaggerii AvDaggerjvPbvq Avwg wKQy mgmumlv Lye mnR fvlvq AvcbvDagger`i eySvDaggerZ daggerPoacutev KDaggeriwQ|
GmKj mgmumlvi mswparaszlig weeiY wfZDaggerii cOumlwZwU AaumlvDaggerq dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev KiwQ|
22
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PROF IIDA JUN ICHI RO DR SAGOR amp
PROF TT YAMAMOTO AT KOREA
23
At IADR Seminar USA
Avcwb nqDaggerZvev Avcbvi wbDaggerRi A_ev daggerKvb wcOumlqRDaggerbi AvuKv evuKv `vuZ wbDaggerq LyeB
`ywethšmdashvMOumlmacr mdash| mywPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg Orthodontist AvcbvDaggerK GB `ywethšmdashv dagger_DaggerK gysup3 KiDaggerZ
cvDaggerib| wKšlsquo Avcwb wK RvDaggerbb daggerKb `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPz bxPz nq Avmyb bxDaggerPi AvDaggerjvPbvi
gvaumlDaggerg Avgiv cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy GB cOumlkœwUi DEumli LyuDaggerR daggerbB|
wewfbœ wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv wewfbœfvDaggere `vuZ AvuKv-evuKv nevi KviY mg~nDaggerK daggerkordfYxetimes
KDaggeriDaggerQb| AvcbvDagger`i Rvbvi myweavDagger_copy Lye mnR fvlvq `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi KviY mg~n wbDaggerP
dagger`qv njt
1| RbyenMZ KviY t K) wkiuml hw` daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| L) wkiumli
RDaggerbyeni mgq gv_vq AvNvZ daggercDaggerj| M) wewfbœ JlDaggerai cvkbrvbarcopy cOumlwZmicroqvi Rbuml|
2| eskMZ KviDaggerYt daggerPvqvj Lye daggerewk eo ev daggerQvU nDaggerj| daggerPvqvDaggerj me `vuZ aDaggeri
ivLvi gZ chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKDaggerj|
3| niDaggergvDaggerbi wewfbœ mgmumlv daggerhgbt Cretinism acromegali _vKDaggerj|
4| daggerPvqvj ev `vuDaggerZi bxDaggerP daggerKvb wUDgvi _vKDaggerj ev AvNvZ daggercDaggerj|
5| fyj ctimeswZDaggerZ Lvevi wMjDaggerj (Improper Swallowing)|
6| gyDaggerL daggerKvb `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKDaggerj|
7| `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AvKhellipwZ Amacr^vfvweK nDaggerj|
8| gyDaggerL AwZwisup3 daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj|
9| DaggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi gDaggerauml jydegvwqZ _vKDaggerj|
10| wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya `vuZ daggerdDaggerj w`Daggerj|
11| `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi ciI ADaggerbKw`b aDaggeri gyDaggerL Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerj|
12| macrrsquovqx daggerKvb `vuZ bv _vKDaggerj|
13| macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVDaggerZ dagger`ix KiDaggerj|
14| AvNvZ daggercDaggerj|
15| DaggerKvb `vuZ mnRfvDaggere DVDaggerZ euml_copy nDaggerj|
16| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv dagger`qv cOumlfbdquowZ AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi
cOumlavb KviYmg~nDaggerZv RvbDaggerjb| Avmyb bv Rvbv AacutevbUvDaggerK KvDaggerR jvMvB| DcDaggerivsup3
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KviYmg~n hw` KvDaggeriv gvDaggerS dagger`LDaggerZ cvB ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY
KiDaggerZ ewj|
hLb KvDaggeriv gv_vq PzDaggerji cwigvb macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ Kg _vDaggerK ZLb ZvDaggerK KZB bv
`ywethšmdashv MOumlmacr mdash dagger`Lvq| gv_vi Pzjwenxb dvuKv macrrsquovb wKfvDaggere `~i Kiv hvq Zv wbDaggerq daggerhb wPšmdashvi daggerkl
_vDaggerK bv| wVK daggerZgwbfvDaggere wKQy gvbyDaggerli `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMv dagger`Lv hvq| ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcirc
Zviv Abuml gvbyDaggerli mvgDaggerb K_v ejDaggerZ GgbwK cOumlvb LyDaggerj nvmDaggerZI Amacr^wmacrmdash daggereva KDaggeri| hviv dvuKv
`vuDaggerZi mgmumlv fyMDaggerQb ZvDagger`i `ywethšmdashvi w`b daggerkl| ADagger_copyvWbwUKm wPwKrmvi KjumlvDaggerb dvuKv
`vuDaggerZi wPwKrmv GLb Avi daggerKvb mgmumlvB bq|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy
wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
25
mvaviY ADagger_copy Spacing ejDaggerZ Avgiv dvuKv macrrsquovb eywS| wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi fvlvq hLb
g yDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb daggerKvb `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMv _vDaggerK ZLb ZvDaggerK Spacing eDaggerj|
cOumlKviDaggerf` t Spacing `yB aiDaggerYi nDaggerq _vDaggerK|
1) Generalized Spacing daggerPvqvDaggerji me ev AwaKvsk `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv
_vKDaggerj|
2) Localized Spacing `yB ev ZDaggerZvwaK `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerj|
DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `ywU `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerj ZvDaggerK Median
Diastema eDaggerj|
Spacing ev dvuKvi KviY t
1 daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq `vuDaggerZi AvKvi hw` daggerQvU nq
2 RbyenMZfvDaggere daggerKvb `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKDaggerj|
3 Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj|
4 DaggerKvb `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AwZ paraz`ordf nDaggerj|
5 `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerj|
6 wmdivide wUDgvi _vKDaggerj|
7 wRnŸv eo _vKDaggerj| (macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ)
8 `vuZ wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK NyDaggeri daggerMDaggerj
9 GQvov daggerVuvU ev MvDaggerji KviDaggerY A_ev AwZwisup3 daggerKvb `vuZ gyDaggerL _vKDaggerj Zv cvDaggerki
`vuZDaggerK Pressure w`Daggerq mwiDaggerq Spacing KDaggeri|
Spacing wKfvDaggere wbYcopyq Kiv nq t
K) DaggerivMxi gyL MnŸi chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri
L) DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZiƒc ev Model dagger`DaggerL
M) x-ray dagger`DaggerL|
26
Spacing Gi Amyweav mg~nt
duvKv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI daggerivMxi Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv K_v ejvi
mgq daggerKvb daggerKvb katilde macruacuteoacutefvDaggere D‛PviDaggerY mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt
Spacing Gi wPwKrmv Kivi c~Daggerecopy daggerivMxi BwZnvm fvDaggerjvfvDaggere RvbDaggerZ nDaggere Ges
Spacing Gi mcurrencentveuml KviY mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggerZ nDaggere| hw` daggerivMxi Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK
hvi Rbuml `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMvi mbdquowoacute nDagger‛Q ZDaggere daggermB Afumlvm ev` dagger`qvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| ZviciI hw` daggerivMx Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere Habit breaking
appliance eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere| daggerKvb
TumourCyst _vKDaggerj Zv AcmviY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Spacing hw` Lye mvgvbuml cwigvDaggerY nq
Ges daggerivMxi hw` daggerKvb AwfDaggerhvM bv _vDaggerK ZDaggere wPwKrmv bv KivDaggerj I PDaggerj| ZDaggere Spacing
ADaggerbK daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontics wPwKrmv jvMDaggere| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri
wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wK aiDaggerYi wPwKrmv w`Daggereb| Spacing wVK Kivi Rbuml yB aiDaggerYi hšiquest ev
appliance use Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Removable Appliance)
Orthodontist `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ Fixed KDaggeri Appliance wU jvwMDaggerq w`Daggereb
(Fixed appliance) hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggerebv|
hw` `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mvgvbuml dvuKv _vDaggerK ZDaggere `vuDaggerZi iDaggerOi mvDagger_ wgwjDaggerq Filling Kiv
daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
GQvov gyDaggerLi Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS KhellipwIcircg `vuZ ewmDaggerq I Spacing Correction Kiv hvq| DaggerZv
Avcbvi hw` _vDaggerK dvuKv `vuDaggerZi mgmumlv ZDaggere PDaggerj Avmyb AwfAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ| wPwKrmv
KwiDaggerq `vuDaggerZi dvuKv wVK Kisbquob cOumlvY LyDaggerj nvmyb Avi nDaggerq DVyb AvKlcopyYxq|
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mvaviYfvDaggere Crowding ejDaggerZ daggerKvb wKQyi AvwaKumlDaggerK daggerevSvq| wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi
fvlvq gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKvi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi macr^vfvweK webumlvm evavMOumlmacrrsquo nDaggerq daggerh
wekbdquoldquoLjZv mbdquowoacute nq ZvDaggerK Crowding eDaggerj|
KviYmg~nt wewfbœ KviDaggerY gyDaggerL Crowding nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Zvi gDaggerauml DDaggerjshyLDaggerhvMuml
KviYmg~n bxDaggerP Dagger`qv njt
1 gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AvKhellipwZi mvgAumlmuml bv _vKDaggerj|
2 `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj|
3 `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi ADaggerbK AvDaggerM cDaggero daggerMDaggerj
4 macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVDaggerZ dagger`ix nDaggerj
5 AvNvZ daggercDaggerj
6 DaggerKvb `vuZ evowZ _vKDaggerj
7 Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj
28
8 daggerPvqvj macr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes bv daggercDaggerj
Crowding wbYcopyqt
1 daggerivMxi gyLMnŸi chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri|
2 DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Model ev cOumlwZiƒc dagger`DaggerL
3 GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL|
Crowding Gi djvdj t
`vuDaggerZi Dci cOumlfvet Gi dDaggerj `vuZ Zvi wbDaggerRi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK NyDaggeri daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri
`vuZ daggernDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri GgbwK daggerKvb daggerKvb `vuZ bvI DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Dci cOumlfve t
1 DaggerivMx mvgvwRKfvDaggere wewfbœ mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
2 DaggermŠrsaquo`hcopynvwb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
3 `vuZ wVKgZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ bv cvivi KviDaggerY `vuZ I gvwoi wewfbœ daggerivDaggerM Avmicrovšmdash
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
4 nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmv t
1 cOumlwZDaggerivag~jK eumlemacrrsquovt
hw` daggerivMxi cwievDaggeri KvDaggeriv `vuDaggerZ Crowding _vDaggerK ZDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist-Gi chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ covi mwVK mgq bv Avmv chcopyšmdash `ya `vuZDaggerK msiparaY Kivi daggerPoacutev KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggerKvb paraqDaggerivM dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerZ daggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml
boacute bv nq|
Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj ZumlvM KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ mwVK mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj Zv wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq daggerdDaggerj dagger`qvi eumlemacrrsquov KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
29
gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere avivevwnKfvDaggere wbw`copyoacute wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerK
wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi fvlvq Serial extraction ejv nq|
2 msDaggerkvab g~jK eumlemacrrsquov t
K) DaggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml evovDaggerbv
DaggerPvqvjDaggerK cOumlmvwiZ Kiv
mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK wKQyUv DuPz Kiv
Daggergvjvi `vuZDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerUDaggerb Daggerbqv
vuDaggerZi AvKvi daggerQvU KDaggeri daggerdjv
`vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjv t
Crowding Gi cwigvY Lye daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontist wVK KiDaggereb daggerKvb `vuZwU
daggerdjDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
Crowding Lye daggerewk nDaggerj ev gvSvwi aiDaggerYi nDaggerj Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggerq
Removable ev Fixed daggerh daggerKvb GK aiDaggerYi appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggereb|
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Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi
msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy AvDaggerm| wKšlsquo daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` DcDaggerii cvwUcopyi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy bv
AvDaggerm Ges Gi dDaggerj DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi cvwUcopyi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mecopy`v dvuKv macrrsquovb _vDaggerK Ges gyL
mcurrenuacute~YcopyiƒDaggerc eUuml bv nq ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Open Bite eDaggerj|
mvaviYfvDaggere Open Bite ejDaggerZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi
Kvgo bv jvMvDaggerK daggerevSvq|
Open bite mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ ev wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Open Bite Gi KviY
mg~nt Avfrac12yj weDaggerkl KDaggeri ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Open bite nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
31
wRnŸv macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ eo _vKDaggerj ev hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjvavdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm
_vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS _vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi
DcDaggerii AsDaggerk (occlusal surface) -G _vDaggerK ZDaggere Open Bite nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
G Qvov daggerivMx hw` Bony Dysplasia Congenital wmwdwjm BZumlvw` daggerivDaggerM fyDaggerM
_vDaggerK ZDaggereI Open bite Gi mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt Open bite Gi wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml mecopycOuml_g daggerivMxDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOuml_Daggerg Open bite nevi KviY
mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggereb| hw` daggerivMxi Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK
ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm `~i Kivi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb
KDaggerib ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm ~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance)
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib daggerivMxDaggerK|
Open bite hw` gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj hvq ZDaggere Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontic
appliance eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri hv Fixed ev Removable daggerh daggerKvb iKgB
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
hw` daggerPvqvDaggerji nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Open bite dagger`Lv hvq Ges daggerivMxi eqm hw` 6-12 eQi
nq ZDaggere Chin cap (Chin cap bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi ev bxDaggerPi w`DaggerKi ebdquowtimes
nIqvDaggerK cOumlwZDaggeriva KDaggeri) Gi mvDagger_ High pull head gear eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nevi ci Ges macrrsquovqx `vuZ me DVvi ci daggerPvqvDaggerji Amacr^vfvweK
ebdquowtimesRwbZ KviDaggerY daggerh Open bite nq Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Surgery Kiv DaggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq KvDaggeriv Open bite Gi mgmumlv _vKDaggerj AvovDaggerj Zvi mgvDaggerjvPbv bv
KDaggeri AvgvDagger`i mKDaggerji DwPZ ZvDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ
ejv| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cieZcopyx KiYxq mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy ejDaggerZ cviDaggereb| Zvui
civgkcopy Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY KiDaggerj Open bite wbivgq Kiv mcurrencente|
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`šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv Class II Malocclusion DaggerK `yB fvDaggerM fvM KDaggeriDaggerQb|
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion
2 Class II division 2 malocclusion
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion t
hw` KvDaggeriv daggerclY `vuDaggerZi mcurrenuacuteKcopy (Molar relation) Class II _vDaggerK Ges DcDaggerii
DaggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZ cedilDaggerjv DPz _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv Class II Division 1 Gi Ašmdashfycopysup3|
Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK
(Convex profile) DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ daggerewk daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL
DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK daggerewk mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| `vuZ DuPz nevi KviDaggerY
daggerivMx ADaggerbK mgq `yB daggerVuvU eUuml KiDaggerZ cvDaggeribv|
33
2 Class II division 2 Malocclusion
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc Molar Relation Class II _vKDaggere A_copyvr DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev
Molar `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev Molar `vuDaggerZi dagger_DaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ mvgDaggerb
Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv wKQyUv wfZDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb
KiDaggere| mvaviYZ DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj GKB iKg AemacrrsquovDaggerb _vKDaggere (Straight Profile)
DcDaggerii `vuZcedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK cyDaggerivUv daggerXDaggerK ivLDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`ix bv KDaggeri GKRb Orthodontist daggerK Rvbvb|
Orthodontist wewfbœ chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri wPwKrmv ctimeswZ wVK KiDaggereb|
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Avcbvi AvDaggerk cvDaggerki gvbylcedilDaggerjvDaggerK GKUz fvDaggerjvfvDaggere jpara KiDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggereb daggerewki
fvM gvbyDaggerliB DcDaggeri daggerPvqvj Ges DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji
`vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ mvgvbuml GKUz mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK| Ges GUvB nDaggerjv macr^vfvweK| wKšlsquo wKQy gvbyDaggerli
daggerparaDaggerIcirc Gi DDaggereumlvUv dagger`Lv dagger`q| A_copyvr ZvDagger`i bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK _vDaggerK DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj ev DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ| GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi
fvlvq eDaggerj Class III malocclusion|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
`yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| 1Uv nDaggerjv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY| GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii
cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
35
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi
MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb dagger`DaggerL GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wKfvDaggere wPwKrmv KiDaggerj
daggerivMx mDaggerecopyvEumlg djvdj cvq|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion nq ZDaggere Orthodontic
Treatment A_copyvr iumlaygvIcirc Brace cwoDaggerqB wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere evošmdash ev cwiYZ daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB| ZDaggere Lye daggerewk eqDaggerm wPwKrmv KivDaggerj wPwKrmvi mgq daggereDaggero hvDaggere|
hw` evošmdash eqDaggerm nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion dagger`Lv dagger`q ZDaggere
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvjDaggerK mvgDaggerb Avbvi Rbuml ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvjDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerbqvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK wewfbœ
36
aiDaggerYi hšiquest dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri eumlenvDaggerii Rbuml| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Face Mask Chin Cap DDaggerjshyL
daggerhvMuml|
hw` cwiYZ eqDaggerm gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerqi Class III malocclusion hv nvDaggerii MVDaggerbi
KviDaggerY nDaggerqDaggerQ Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ ZDaggere kjuml wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
37
evBgumlvmiddot
evBgvmiddot `y aiDaggerbi nq| evBgumlvwmiddotjvix cOumlUzordfmb Ges evBgumlvwmiddot jvix cOumlwKnotDaggerbmb| wK KwVb
katilde| Avmyb Lye mnDaggerR daggerRDaggerb daggerbB `uvZ I gvwoi Avi GK mgmumlv hvi bvg evBgvmiddot|
evBgumlvmiddot mgmumlvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj wKsev `uvZ wKsev DfqB mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK DPzu _vDaggerK| dDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv daggerVvU DPzu nDaggerq _vKv GgbwK gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ
cviv mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
mvavibZ `uvZ hw` Zzjbvg~jK fvDaggere eo GgbwK daggerPvqvj jcurren^v wKsev daggerXvK wMjvi mgq
wRnev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK Amacr^vfvweK fvDaggere `uvZDaggerK mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK daggerVjv w`Daggerj GB aiDaggerbi mgmumlv nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| NveovDaggerbvi wKQzB daggerbB GB mgmumlvi mgvavb Lye myrsaquo`i KDaggeri GK AwfAacute ADagger_copyDaggerWbwUdivide
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib| gDaggerb ivLDaggerZ nDaggere cOumlv_wgK Aemacrrsquovq GB mgmumlvi mgvavb KiDaggerj ZZUv RwUjZv nq
bv| eDaggerqvmwUuml KvDaggerji c~Daggere eDaggerqvmmwUuml KvDaggerji mgq Ges cDaggeri wPwKrmv eumlemacrrsquov cbdquo_K cbdquo_K nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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myrsaquo`Daggerii c~Rvix mKDaggerjB ZvB GB mgmumlv mgvavb KDaggeri
Avcwb nDaggerq DVyb myrsaquo`i `uvZ I nvwmi AwaKvix
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daggerMR `vuZ(High Canine) DPz KZcopyb `vuZ t
AvgvDagger`i gyDaggerL eqm 5 eQi chcopyšmdash daggerh 20 wU `vuZ _vDaggerK Zvi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ
_vDaggerK| eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ 20wU `ya `vuZ hLb cDaggero wMDaggerq macrrsquovqx `vuZ DDaggerV ZLbI daggergvU
32wU `vuDaggerZi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ _vDaggerK| G KZcopyb `uvZcedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi 4wU daggerKvbvq AewmacrrsquoZ| ZvB
GDagger`iDaggerK Corner Stone of mouth eDaggerj| bvg iumlbDaggerjB daggerevSv hvq G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Lv`uml`ordfeumlDaggerK
KZcopyb KiDaggerZ Ges wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri| G `vuZ cedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK kwsup3kvjx| KviY G `vuDaggerZi
GbvDaggergDaggerji cyisbquoZiexcl Daggerewk Ges mvgDaggerbi 4wU `vuDaggerZi (Pecopyb `vuZ-Incisor tooth) ciciB
AewmacrrsquoZ| daggerKvb daggerKvb mgq wewfbœ KviY ekZt G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Zvi wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK wfbœ
AemacrrsquovDaggerb dagger`Lv hvq| hw` G `vuZcedilDaggerjv gvwoi gDaggerauml ev DcDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri ZLb ZvDaggerK
High Canine ev daggerMR `vuZ ejv nq| Avevi KLDaggerbv GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv Zvjyi w`K w`Daggerq DDaggerV|
ZLb GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK Palataly placed canine eDaggerj| Avevi KLDaggerbv I gvwo ev Zvjyi wfZDaggeri
G `vuZ Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| ZLb ZvDaggerK Impacted Canine ejv nq| GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi gDaggerauml
AZxe Risbquoix PviwU `vuZ| GB `vuZ daggerhgb Lv`uml`ordfeuml KZcopyb I wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri cvkvcvwk
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daggerPvqvDaggerji bovPovDaggerK wbqšiquestY KDaggeri| GB `vuZDaggerK Beauty tooth I ejv nq| ZvB G `vuDaggerZi
mvwietimesfvDaggere webumlvm LyeB Risbquoix|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ daggerh KDaggerqKwU mgmumlv ZzDaggerj aiv nDaggerjv G mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi mgvavb LyeB Risbquoix|
hw` daggerKD GiKg daggerKvb mgmumlvq fyDaggerM _vDaggerKb ZDaggere AwfAacute Orthodontist -B nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
Avcbvi myrsaquo`i nvwm wdwiDaggerq dagger`qvi cig eUumlz|
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daggerVvuU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerki wkiumlDagger`i GKwU AbumlZg
mgmumlv| wewfbœ MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv wMDaggerqDaggerQ cOumlwZ 700 RDaggerb 1 Rb daggerVvuU KvUv Ges cOumlwZ 1000 RDaggerb
1 Rb wkiuml Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| daggerVvuU KvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggerQDaggerj wkiumlDagger`i Ges
ZvjyKvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggergDaggerq-wkiumlDagger`i gvDaggerS|
wewfbœ KviDaggerY wkiuml daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri _vDaggerK| kZKiv 25 fvM daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GUv eskMZ KviDaggerY nDaggerq _vDaggerK| hw` 1 Rb ZvjyKvUv daggerivMx 1 Rb mymacrrsquo gvbylDaggerK weDaggerq KDaggeri ZDaggere
ZvDagger`i ev‛Pvi ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kivi mcurrencentvebv kZKiv 2 fvM|
Mfcopyvemacrrsquovi cOuml_g fvDaggerM gv hw` daggerKvb fvBivj BbDaggerdKkDaggerb Avmicrovšmdash nq ev kvixwiKfvDaggere
AvNvZcOumlvszlig nq ev niDaggergvDaggerbi fvimvgumlnxbZvq fyDaggerM ev wfUvwgDaggerbi AfvDaggere fyDaggerM _vDaggerK ev
daggeriwWDaggerqkDaggerb GmiddotDaggercvR nq ev _umlvwjDaggerWvgvBW RvZxq Ilya MOumlnY KDaggeri ZDaggere wkiumli daggerVvuU ev
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| KvDaggerQi AvZyenxq macr^RDaggerbi gvDaggerS weDaggerq nDaggerjI wkiuml G mgmumlv
wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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DaggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq wkiuml RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerj cwieviDaggerK bvbv aiDaggerYi mvgvwRK I gvbwmK
mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ nq| wkiuml hLb GB mgmumlv wbDaggerq eo nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZLb daggermI gvbwmKfvDaggere
nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ _vDaggerK| G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ K_v
ejDaggerZ I iumlbDaggerZ mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| `vuDaggerZi mgmumlvi gDaggerauml hv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Zvi gDaggerauml AbumlZg
nDagger‛Q-wewfbœ `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKv `vuZ wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV gyDaggerLi Abuml daggerKvb RvqMvq
DVv evowZ wKQy `vuZ _vKv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb ksup3 bv nIqv `vuDaggerZi MVb myrsaquo`i bv nIqv
gvwoi wewfbœ mgmumlv `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPy-bxPz nIqv|
daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv daggerivMxDagger`i wPwKrmv weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmKDagger`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutev Qvov mcurrencente
bq| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Orthodontist Gi f~wgKv iumlisbquo nq ev‛Pvi RDaggerbyeni ci ciB| daggerhDaggernZz daggerVvuU I
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv nq daggermRbuml wkiumli RDaggerbyeni ci ciB
gyDaggerLi wfZi covi Rbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b daggerhb wkiumli daggerLDaggerZ
daggerKvb mgmumlv bv nq|
kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wkiumli 3-6 gvm eqDaggerm daggerVvuU I 1-2 eQi eqDaggerm Zvjy wVK KiDaggerZ
nDaggere GKRb AwfAacute kjuml wPwKrmK Oslashviv| kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg daggerVvuU I Zvjy wVK Kivi ci
wkiumli DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj hvDaggerZ msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GK aiDaggerYi
Appliance ev hšiquest bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b|
wkiumli Mixed dentition stage (6-12 eQi eqm) -G gyDaggerL daggerKvb AwZwisup3 `vuZ
_vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GQvov mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Cross bite _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuZ
AvuKv evKv _vKDaggerj ev Molar ev daggerclY `vDaggerZi Relation wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere Removable ev Fixed appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo
KiDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
me macrrsquovqx `vuZ PDaggerj Avmvi ci macrrsquovqxfvDaggere daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Kvgo (Occlusion
improve) wVK Kivi Rbuml Fixed ev Removable appliance w`Daggerq Orthodontist
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb Ges daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggereb|
GB mgDaggerq gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyDaggerK wVK Kivi Rbuml cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj Bony Graft Kiv daggerhDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| Gi dDaggerj Orthodontic treatment Gi daggerh djvdj ZvI Aparazbœ _vKDaggere|
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daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLvi ci Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere daggerivMxDaggerK
Permanent Retainer bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv daggerivMxDaggerK me mgq cDaggero _vKDaggerZ nDaggere|
Amacrlsaquovi weRqx DaggerRvqvDaggerKb wdwbmiddot RDaggerbyeni mgq daggerVvuU KvuUv wQj
daggerVvuU KuvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv daggerKvb Awfkvc bq| mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg
GDaggerK mvwiDaggerq daggerZvjv mcurrencente| `iKvi iumlay mevi mDaggerPZbZv Avi mwVK mgDaggerq weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri daggerm Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY Kiv|
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ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerKvb eqDaggerm iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ Zv AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKiB ARvbv|
ADaggerbK AwffveKB eySDaggerZ cvDaggerib bv wkiumli ADagger_copyvWbwUK mgmumlvi Rbuml daggerKvb eqDaggerm
Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| AAacutevbZvi Rbuml ev Abuml daggerKvb wOslashav-OslashDaggerrsaquo`i
KviDaggerY Zviv ADaggerbK mgqB ADaggerbK dagger`ix KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb wPwKrmvi
Rbuml| dDaggerj wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc wPwKrmvi eumlvwszligKvj daggereDaggero hvq| wKQyDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK
chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc
wPwKrmvi djvdj Avkvbyiƒc nq bv| KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv KZUv
Risbquoix| GLb Avwg ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi eqm mxgv wbDaggerq AvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri AvcbvDagger`i
wKQyUv nDaggerjI aviYv dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev Kie|
AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerk ADaggerbK wkiumlB daggerVvuU ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| Kzmsmacrlsaquoviv‛Qbœ
gvbyliv GDaggerK Awfkvc ev fvDaggerMumli wjLb gDaggerb KDaggeri nvZ cv cedilwUDaggerq eDaggerm _vDaggerK daggerKvb wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri bv| wKšlsquo gDaggerb ivLDaggereb daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumli
AwffveKDagger`i DwPZ RDaggerbyeni ci ciB GKRb AwfAacute Orhodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY Kiv|
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KviY G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i RDaggerbyeni ciB cOumlavb I cOuml_g daggerh mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q Zv nDaggerjv Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mgmumlv| Orthodontist Gmgq GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv wkiumlDaggerK Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml LyeB parawZKi GKwU Afumlvm|
mvaviYZ `yB dagger_DaggerK wZb eQi eqDaggermi gDaggerauml Avcbv Avcwb wkiuml G AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KDaggeri daggerdDaggerj|
wKšlsquo ZviciI hw` wkiuml AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere AwffveKDagger`i Gi parawZKi w`KwU
mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere Ges microgvMZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv PjDaggerZ _vKDaggerj wkiumlDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj G AfumlvmwU
`~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance) bullZwi KDaggeri w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib
hvDaggerZ KDaggeri fwelumlDaggerZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi KviDaggerY wkiumli `vuDaggerZi webumlvm AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv hvq|
mvaviYZ 5-6 eQi eqm dagger_DaggerK wkiumlDagger`i `ya `vuZ coDaggerZ iumlisbquo KDaggeri| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK mgq
dagger`Lv hvq AvNvZ RwbZ paraq RwbZ ev Abuml daggerKvb daggerivDaggerMi KviDaggerY wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya
`vuZ cDaggero hvq ev daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| `vuZ covi ci daggerh dvuKv RvqMvwU _vDaggerK daggerm RvqMvwU ZLb
`yB cvDaggerki `vuZ w`Daggerq eUuml nDaggerq hvq| dDaggerj rsquovqx `vuZ DVvi Rbuml chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv daggercDaggerq
Amacr^vfvweK daggerKvb RvqMvq `vuZ DDaggerV Ges `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi mcurrencentvebv daggereDaggero hvq| GB dvuKv
macrrsquovbwU hvDaggerZ cvDaggerki `vuZ Oslashviv eUuml bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl hšiquest bullZwi
KDaggeri w`Daggereb hvDaggerK Space maintainer eDaggerj| KvDaggerRB daggerKvb `ya`vuZ hw` Zvi wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi
AvDaggerM cDaggero hvq ZDaggere dagger`ix bv KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi mvDagger_ dagger`Lv Kisbquob|
ADaggerbK ev‛PvDagger`i dagger`Lv hvq DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj daggerewk evoDaggerQ ev hZUzKz evovi K_v
ZZUzKz evoDaggerQ bv| Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc evošmdash eqDaggerm (6-12) Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cOumlDaggerqvRb AbymvDaggeri Face
mask ev Chin cap eumlenvi KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb hv ev‛Pvi DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimesDaggerK
mwVK AmacrrsquovDaggerb wbDaggerZ mnvqZv KiDaggere|
DaggerVuvU I ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i daggerVvuU I Zvjy kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wVK
Kivi ci mwVK mgq Orthodontist Gmiddotcvbmb macrŒz (Expansion screw) ZvjyDaggerZ jvwMDaggerq
dagger`b hvDaggerZ DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq| G wkiumlDagger`i 8-10 eQi eqDaggerm bone
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grafting Kivi Rbuml kjuml wPwKrmKDaggerK cOumlDaggerqvRbxq civgkcopy I mnvqZv w`Daggerq _vDaggerKb
Orthodontist|
6-12 eQi eqDaggerm hLb wkiumli gyDaggerL `ya I macrrsquovqx Dfq cOumlKvi `vuZ we`umlgvb ZLb hw`
`vuDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo (Cross bite) daggerewk Kvgo (Deep bite) dagger`Lv hvq ZDaggere
Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRbxq eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggereb hvDaggerZ fwelumlDaggerZ KvgocedilDaggerjv AvDaggeriv Lvivc -Gi w`DaggerK
bv hvq|
`ya `vuZ me cDaggero hvevi ci I macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVvi ci AvuKv evuKv DuPz -bxPz `vuZ wVK
Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS Removable Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ
ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere) ev Fixed Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere bv) w`Daggerq
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb|
ADaggerbDaggerKiB gDaggerbB cOumlkœ _vDaggerK daggerh daggerewk eqDaggerm Orthodontic wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere wKbv|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuZ nvo I GDagger`i mvDagger_ mcurrenuacuteKcopyhysup3 structure cedilDaggerjv fvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZDaggere daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv Kiv mcurrencente|
cOumlvszlig eqDaggerm hw` DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj hw` Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes daggercDaggerq _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv
wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj kjuml wPwKrmvi Oslashvimacrrsquo nDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi mdjZv wbfcopyi KDaggeri wPwKrmDaggerKi AwfAacuteZv daggerivMx I Zvi
AwffveDaggerKi mnDaggerhvwMZv I mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi Dci|
gDaggerb ivLDaggereb mgDaggerqi GK daggerdvuo AmgDaggerqi `k daggerdvuo| mwVK mgDaggerq mwVK KvRwU KiDaggerj
Avcwb daggerh djvdj cvDaggereb dagger`ix KDaggeri KvRwU KiDaggerj daggermB djvdj Avcwb bvI daggercDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
Avcbvi daggerKvb wbKURDaggerbi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj mwVK mgDaggerq Orthodontist
Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggerZ fyjDaggereb bv daggerhb|
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Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Dci Bracket
ev Brace covDaggerbv _vDaggerK| Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq
Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv wbDagger`kcopyvejx wVKgZ daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj wPwKrmv cieZcopyx RwUjZv dagger`Lv
dagger`evi mcurrencentvebv LyeB Kg|
Fixed Orthodontic treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq gyL I `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZ weDaggerkl hZœ wbDaggerZ
nDaggere| daggerhme welDaggerqi Dci daggerewk daggerewk bRi ivLDaggerZ nDaggere Zv bxDaggerP dagger`qv nDaggerjvt
1 daggerhw`b daggerivMxi gyDaggerL Bracket emvDaggerbv nDaggere Zvici dagger_DaggerK 24 NrsaquoUv chcopyšmdash ksup3 Lvevi
LvIqv DwPZ bq| GDaggerZ Bracket LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| H 24 NrsaquoUv Lye daggerRvDaggeri daggerRvDaggeri `vuZ
eordfvk Kiv I DwPZ bq| daggerivMx Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv civgkcopy Abyhvqx `vuZ eordfvk
KiDaggere I macr^vfvweK Lvevi LvDaggere|
2 Bracket covDaggerbvi 2-3 w`b chcopyšmdash daggerivMxi GKUz Amacr^wmacrmdash nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GDaggerZ fDaggerqi wKQy
daggerbB| gyDaggerL bZzb wKQy wRwbm emvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2-3 w`b ci Zv AfumlvDaggerm cwiYZ nDaggerq
hvDaggere|
3 cOumlwZevi Lvevi LvIqvi ci AekumlB `vuZ fvDaggerjvfvDaggere eordfvk KiDaggerZ nDaggere| mKvDaggerj I ivDaggerZ
daggerdnotvivBW hysup3 Uz_Daggercdivide w`Daggerq `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggere| Abumlvbuml mgq Uz_ daggercoacute Qvov eordfvk KiDaggerjI
PjDaggere|
4 cOumlwZ wZb (3) gvm ci ci Uz_eordfvk e`j KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Uz_eordfvDaggerki weordfmampjcedilDaggerjv daggerhb big
(Medium soft) nq Zv daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
5 Bracket ev appliance -Gi Dci bxDaggerP 45 daggerKvDaggerY eordfvk aDaggeri `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
6 Lye daggerRvDaggeri Pvc w`Daggerq eordfvk Kiv hvDaggere bv| GDaggerZ KDaggeri Appliance LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
7 `vuDaggerZi daggerh cvDaggerk Appliance AvDaggerQ daggermB cvDaggerk Appliance -Gi Dci AvjDaggerZvfvDaggere
NywiDaggerq NywiDaggerq eordfvk KDaggeri `vuZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| `vuDaggerZi Abumlvbuml cvkcedilDaggerjvI daggerhb
fvDaggerjvfvDaggere cwireglsaquovi Kiv nq daggermw`DaggerK daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
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8 cOumlwZevi Lvevi Gi ci eordfvk Kiv mcurrencente bv nDaggerj LyefvDaggerjv KDaggeri KzjKzwP KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
9 `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerSi gqjv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Dental Floss eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
DaggerKvb KvwV ev myuB w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerLvPvDaggerbv hvDaggere bv|
10 wRnŸv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Tongue Cleanser eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
11 cOumlDaggerqvRDaggerb fvDaggerjv Mouth Wash eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere ZDaggerewPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy
Abyhvqx|
12 `vuDaggerZi gvwo Avfrac12yj w`Daggerq Massage Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
13 daggerKvb appliance daggerfDaggerfrac12 daggerMDaggerj ev LyDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ev Appliance Gi KviDaggerY gyDaggerL daggerKvb
mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj dagger`ix bv KDaggeri mDaggerfrac12 mDaggerfrac12 Orthondontist-Gi civgkcopy wbDaggerZ nDaggere|
14 wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq ksup3 Lvevi (nvo AvL) LvIqv cwinvi KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
15 AvVvDaggerjv RvZxq Lvevi (PzBs Mvg) LvIqv ev` w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
16 daggercqviv AvDaggercj ev daggerh daggerKvb ksup3 Lvevi Kvgo w`Daggerq bv daggerLDaggerq daggerQvU daggerQvU UzKiv KDaggeri
daggerLDaggerZ nDaggere|
17 Orthodontist DaggerhfvDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK AvmDaggerZ ejDaggereb (1gvm ci ci) AekumlB Zv cvjb
KiDaggerZ nDaggere| bv nDaggerj daggerivMxi wPwKrmv daggerkl nDaggerZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi daggerewk jvMDaggere|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbPz `vuZ wVK Kivi Rbuml daggerhgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Oslashviv mwVK wPwKrmv daggerZgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerivMx Ges daggerivMxi AwffveDaggerKi
mnDaggerhvwMZv Ges Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy Abyhvqx Pjv| ZDaggereB DaggerivMx wPwKrmv DaggerkDaggerl cvDaggere
KvwldquoparaZ myrsaquo`i `vuZ|
49
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
50
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ dnotwms
51
daggerQvAElig GKwU evMvDaggerb hw` ADaggerbKcedilDaggerjv MvQ daggereDaggero DVDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZDaggere ADaggerbK MvDaggerQi macr^vfvweK ebdquowtimes
weboacute nq Ges evMvbwU wKQyw`b ci Nb Rfrac12Daggerj cwiYZ nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK| ZLb hw` daggermLvb
dagger_DaggerK wKQy MvQ daggerKDaggerU daggerdjv nq ZDaggere evMvbwUi evKxMvQcedilDaggerjv iparav daggercDaggerq macr^vfvweKfvDaggere daggereDaggero
DVDaggere|
daggerZgwb gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerh cwigvY RvqMv AvDaggerQ Zvi daggerPDaggerq hw` `vuDaggerZi msLumlv daggerewk wKsev
`vuZ Lye daggerekx AvuKv evKv DuPz `uvZ _vKDaggerj ZDaggere Zv wVK KDaggeri `vuZDaggerK mywebumlvmacrmdash myrsaquo`i KDaggeri
daggerZvjvi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgq daggerivMxi wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB daggerivMx ev
Zvi AwffveK `vuZ daggerZvjvi K_v iumlbDaggerj fq cvq| Zviv fvDaggere `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ ADaggerbK euml_v
jvMDaggere ev daggerPvDaggerLi daggereordfBDaggerbi hw` daggerKvb parawZ nq| Zviv Orthodontist daggerK `vuZ bv ZzDaggerj
wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml AbyDaggeriva KDaggeri _vDaggerK| wKšlsquo ZvDagger`i G mKj aviYv mcurrenuacute~Ycopy Ag~jK| `vuZ
ZzjDaggerj daggerPvDaggerLi ev daggereordfBDaggerbi daggerKvb parawZ nqbv| GKRb AwfAacute wPwKrmK ZvB KiDaggereb hv KiDaggerj
daggerivMxi wPwKrmv fvDaggerjvfvDaggere mcurrenuacutebœ nDaggere Ges daggerivMx I Zvi AwffveK mšlsquowoacute jvf KiDaggere| Avi
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM wbw copyoacute rsquovb fvDaggerjvfvDaggere Aek KDaggeri wbDaggerj Ges wPwKrmDaggerKi dagger`qv DcDagger`k `vuZ
daggerZvjvi w`b I cieZcopyx KDaggerqKw`b mwVKfvDaggere daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj `vuZ daggerZvjvi ci daggerivMxi daggerZgb daggerKvb
Amyweav nq bv ejDaggerjB PDaggerj|
52
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM
`vuZ daggerZvjvi cDaggeri
53
ADaggerbDaggerKB AvDaggerQb hviv ivDaggerZ NygvDaggerbvi AvDaggerM Ges mKvDaggerj bvmacrmdashv Lvevi ci `vuZ eordfvk
KDaggerib `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Kvj wejcurren^ bv KDaggeri `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggerib
`vuDaggerZi mymacrrsquoZvi Rbuml hv hv `iKvi Zviv Zv-B KDaggerib| GmeB nDaggerjv fvDaggerjv Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi
Rbuml LyeB DcKvix|
wKšlsquo Ggb wKQy Afumlvm AvDaggerQ hv gyL I `vuDaggerZi macr^vDaggermacrrsquoumli Rbuml LyeB parawZKi| Gme
e`AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi bvbv aiDaggerYi mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q| GB AfumlvmcedilDaggerjvi gDaggerauml Avfrac12yj
daggerPvlv wRnŸampv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv ev daggerVjv dagger`Iqv daggerKvb mgmumlv bv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI gyL w`Daggerq wbkbrvbarvm
daggerbqv daggerVvuU I bL KvgovDaggerbv AbumlZg|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK| evev gv hw` GUv daggerLqvj KDaggerib ZDaggere wkiumlDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere daggerh Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv Lvivc| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz nDaggerq hvq ADaggerbK mgq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bvI coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Open bite) bxDaggerPi
54
daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZcedilDaggerjv msKzwPZ nDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK hZUzKz daggerXDaggerK ivLv
DwPZ Zv KDaggerg daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerbvi ci I hw` Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm bv KDaggerg ZDaggere wkiumli 2-3 eQi eqm
chcopyšmdash ADaggercparav KiDaggerZ nDaggere| ADaggerbK mgq 3 eQi eqDaggermi ci wkiumli GB Afumlvm PDaggerj hvq|
ZviciI hw` wkiuml G Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere GKRb AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12
civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| wPwKrmK `iKvi gDaggerb nDaggerj daggerKvb Appliance ev hšiquest w`Daggereb hv
wkiumlDaggerK GB Afumlvm `~i KiDaggerZ mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wkiumli hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK ZDaggere DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DPuy nDaggerq hvq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bv coDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerivMx gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri
wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq Avcbvi daggermvbvgwbi hw` Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml
parawZKi ZDaggere cOuml_DaggergB ZvDaggerK eySvb| ZvDaggerZ KvR bv nDaggerj Aemacrrsquov hvDaggerZ AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv
hvq daggermRbuml AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy Kisbquob|
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OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
56
CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
57
KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
59
GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
60
ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
61
daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
21
Zvjy KvUv
daggerVvuU KvUv
DcDaggerii AvDaggerjvPbvq Avwg wKQy mgmumlv Lye mnR fvlvq AvcbvDagger`i eySvDaggerZ daggerPoacutev KDaggeriwQ|
GmKj mgmumlvi mswparaszlig weeiY wfZDaggerii cOumlwZwU AaumlvDaggerq dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev KiwQ|
22
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PROF IIDA JUN ICHI RO DR SAGOR amp
PROF TT YAMAMOTO AT KOREA
23
At IADR Seminar USA
Avcwb nqDaggerZvev Avcbvi wbDaggerRi A_ev daggerKvb wcOumlqRDaggerbi AvuKv evuKv `vuZ wbDaggerq LyeB
`ywethšmdashvMOumlmacr mdash| mywPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg Orthodontist AvcbvDaggerK GB `ywethšmdashv dagger_DaggerK gysup3 KiDaggerZ
cvDaggerib| wKšlsquo Avcwb wK RvDaggerbb daggerKb `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPz bxPz nq Avmyb bxDaggerPi AvDaggerjvPbvi
gvaumlDaggerg Avgiv cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy GB cOumlkœwUi DEumli LyuDaggerR daggerbB|
wewfbœ wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv wewfbœfvDaggere `vuZ AvuKv-evuKv nevi KviY mg~nDaggerK daggerkordfYxetimes
KDaggeriDaggerQb| AvcbvDagger`i Rvbvi myweavDagger_copy Lye mnR fvlvq `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi KviY mg~n wbDaggerP
dagger`qv njt
1| RbyenMZ KviY t K) wkiuml hw` daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| L) wkiumli
RDaggerbyeni mgq gv_vq AvNvZ daggercDaggerj| M) wewfbœ JlDaggerai cvkbrvbarcopy cOumlwZmicroqvi Rbuml|
2| eskMZ KviDaggerYt daggerPvqvj Lye daggerewk eo ev daggerQvU nDaggerj| daggerPvqvDaggerj me `vuZ aDaggeri
ivLvi gZ chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKDaggerj|
3| niDaggergvDaggerbi wewfbœ mgmumlv daggerhgbt Cretinism acromegali _vKDaggerj|
4| daggerPvqvj ev `vuDaggerZi bxDaggerP daggerKvb wUDgvi _vKDaggerj ev AvNvZ daggercDaggerj|
5| fyj ctimeswZDaggerZ Lvevi wMjDaggerj (Improper Swallowing)|
6| gyDaggerL daggerKvb `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKDaggerj|
7| `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AvKhellipwZ Amacr^vfvweK nDaggerj|
8| gyDaggerL AwZwisup3 daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj|
9| DaggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi gDaggerauml jydegvwqZ _vKDaggerj|
10| wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya `vuZ daggerdDaggerj w`Daggerj|
11| `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi ciI ADaggerbKw`b aDaggeri gyDaggerL Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerj|
12| macrrsquovqx daggerKvb `vuZ bv _vKDaggerj|
13| macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVDaggerZ dagger`ix KiDaggerj|
14| AvNvZ daggercDaggerj|
15| DaggerKvb `vuZ mnRfvDaggere DVDaggerZ euml_copy nDaggerj|
16| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv dagger`qv cOumlfbdquowZ AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi
cOumlavb KviYmg~nDaggerZv RvbDaggerjb| Avmyb bv Rvbv AacutevbUvDaggerK KvDaggerR jvMvB| DcDaggerivsup3
24
KviYmg~n hw` KvDaggeriv gvDaggerS dagger`LDaggerZ cvB ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY
KiDaggerZ ewj|
hLb KvDaggeriv gv_vq PzDaggerji cwigvb macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ Kg _vDaggerK ZLb ZvDaggerK KZB bv
`ywethšmdashv MOumlmacr mdash dagger`Lvq| gv_vi Pzjwenxb dvuKv macrrsquovb wKfvDaggere `~i Kiv hvq Zv wbDaggerq daggerhb wPšmdashvi daggerkl
_vDaggerK bv| wVK daggerZgwbfvDaggere wKQy gvbyDaggerli `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMv dagger`Lv hvq| ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcirc
Zviv Abuml gvbyDaggerli mvgDaggerb K_v ejDaggerZ GgbwK cOumlvb LyDaggerj nvmDaggerZI Amacr^wmacrmdash daggereva KDaggeri| hviv dvuKv
`vuDaggerZi mgmumlv fyMDaggerQb ZvDagger`i `ywethšmdashvi w`b daggerkl| ADagger_copyvWbwUKm wPwKrmvi KjumlvDaggerb dvuKv
`vuDaggerZi wPwKrmv GLb Avi daggerKvb mgmumlvB bq|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy
wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
25
mvaviY ADagger_copy Spacing ejDaggerZ Avgiv dvuKv macrrsquovb eywS| wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi fvlvq hLb
g yDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb daggerKvb `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMv _vDaggerK ZLb ZvDaggerK Spacing eDaggerj|
cOumlKviDaggerf` t Spacing `yB aiDaggerYi nDaggerq _vDaggerK|
1) Generalized Spacing daggerPvqvDaggerji me ev AwaKvsk `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv
_vKDaggerj|
2) Localized Spacing `yB ev ZDaggerZvwaK `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerj|
DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `ywU `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerj ZvDaggerK Median
Diastema eDaggerj|
Spacing ev dvuKvi KviY t
1 daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq `vuDaggerZi AvKvi hw` daggerQvU nq
2 RbyenMZfvDaggere daggerKvb `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKDaggerj|
3 Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj|
4 DaggerKvb `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AwZ paraz`ordf nDaggerj|
5 `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerj|
6 wmdivide wUDgvi _vKDaggerj|
7 wRnŸv eo _vKDaggerj| (macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ)
8 `vuZ wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK NyDaggeri daggerMDaggerj
9 GQvov daggerVuvU ev MvDaggerji KviDaggerY A_ev AwZwisup3 daggerKvb `vuZ gyDaggerL _vKDaggerj Zv cvDaggerki
`vuZDaggerK Pressure w`Daggerq mwiDaggerq Spacing KDaggeri|
Spacing wKfvDaggere wbYcopyq Kiv nq t
K) DaggerivMxi gyL MnŸi chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri
L) DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZiƒc ev Model dagger`DaggerL
M) x-ray dagger`DaggerL|
26
Spacing Gi Amyweav mg~nt
duvKv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI daggerivMxi Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv K_v ejvi
mgq daggerKvb daggerKvb katilde macruacuteoacutefvDaggere D‛PviDaggerY mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt
Spacing Gi wPwKrmv Kivi c~Daggerecopy daggerivMxi BwZnvm fvDaggerjvfvDaggere RvbDaggerZ nDaggere Ges
Spacing Gi mcurrencentveuml KviY mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggerZ nDaggere| hw` daggerivMxi Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK
hvi Rbuml `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMvi mbdquowoacute nDagger‛Q ZDaggere daggermB Afumlvm ev` dagger`qvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| ZviciI hw` daggerivMx Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere Habit breaking
appliance eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere| daggerKvb
TumourCyst _vKDaggerj Zv AcmviY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Spacing hw` Lye mvgvbuml cwigvDaggerY nq
Ges daggerivMxi hw` daggerKvb AwfDaggerhvM bv _vDaggerK ZDaggere wPwKrmv bv KivDaggerj I PDaggerj| ZDaggere Spacing
ADaggerbK daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontics wPwKrmv jvMDaggere| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri
wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wK aiDaggerYi wPwKrmv w`Daggereb| Spacing wVK Kivi Rbuml yB aiDaggerYi hšiquest ev
appliance use Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Removable Appliance)
Orthodontist `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ Fixed KDaggeri Appliance wU jvwMDaggerq w`Daggereb
(Fixed appliance) hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggerebv|
hw` `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mvgvbuml dvuKv _vDaggerK ZDaggere `vuDaggerZi iDaggerOi mvDagger_ wgwjDaggerq Filling Kiv
daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
GQvov gyDaggerLi Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS KhellipwIcircg `vuZ ewmDaggerq I Spacing Correction Kiv hvq| DaggerZv
Avcbvi hw` _vDaggerK dvuKv `vuDaggerZi mgmumlv ZDaggere PDaggerj Avmyb AwfAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ| wPwKrmv
KwiDaggerq `vuDaggerZi dvuKv wVK Kisbquob cOumlvY LyDaggerj nvmyb Avi nDaggerq DVyb AvKlcopyYxq|
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mvaviYfvDaggere Crowding ejDaggerZ daggerKvb wKQyi AvwaKumlDaggerK daggerevSvq| wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi
fvlvq gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKvi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi macr^vfvweK webumlvm evavMOumlmacrrsquo nDaggerq daggerh
wekbdquoldquoLjZv mbdquowoacute nq ZvDaggerK Crowding eDaggerj|
KviYmg~nt wewfbœ KviDaggerY gyDaggerL Crowding nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Zvi gDaggerauml DDaggerjshyLDaggerhvMuml
KviYmg~n bxDaggerP Dagger`qv njt
1 gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AvKhellipwZi mvgAumlmuml bv _vKDaggerj|
2 `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj|
3 `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi ADaggerbK AvDaggerM cDaggero daggerMDaggerj
4 macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVDaggerZ dagger`ix nDaggerj
5 AvNvZ daggercDaggerj
6 DaggerKvb `vuZ evowZ _vKDaggerj
7 Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj
28
8 daggerPvqvj macr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes bv daggercDaggerj
Crowding wbYcopyqt
1 daggerivMxi gyLMnŸi chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri|
2 DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Model ev cOumlwZiƒc dagger`DaggerL
3 GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL|
Crowding Gi djvdj t
`vuDaggerZi Dci cOumlfvet Gi dDaggerj `vuZ Zvi wbDaggerRi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK NyDaggeri daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri
`vuZ daggernDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri GgbwK daggerKvb daggerKvb `vuZ bvI DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Dci cOumlfve t
1 DaggerivMx mvgvwRKfvDaggere wewfbœ mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
2 DaggermŠrsaquo`hcopynvwb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
3 `vuZ wVKgZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ bv cvivi KviDaggerY `vuZ I gvwoi wewfbœ daggerivDaggerM Avmicrovšmdash
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
4 nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmv t
1 cOumlwZDaggerivag~jK eumlemacrrsquovt
hw` daggerivMxi cwievDaggeri KvDaggeriv `vuDaggerZ Crowding _vDaggerK ZDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist-Gi chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ covi mwVK mgq bv Avmv chcopyšmdash `ya `vuZDaggerK msiparaY Kivi daggerPoacutev KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggerKvb paraqDaggerivM dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerZ daggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml
boacute bv nq|
Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj ZumlvM KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ mwVK mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj Zv wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq daggerdDaggerj dagger`qvi eumlemacrrsquov KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
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gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere avivevwnKfvDaggere wbw`copyoacute wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerK
wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi fvlvq Serial extraction ejv nq|
2 msDaggerkvab g~jK eumlemacrrsquov t
K) DaggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml evovDaggerbv
DaggerPvqvjDaggerK cOumlmvwiZ Kiv
mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK wKQyUv DuPz Kiv
Daggergvjvi `vuZDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerUDaggerb Daggerbqv
vuDaggerZi AvKvi daggerQvU KDaggeri daggerdjv
`vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjv t
Crowding Gi cwigvY Lye daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontist wVK KiDaggereb daggerKvb `vuZwU
daggerdjDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
Crowding Lye daggerewk nDaggerj ev gvSvwi aiDaggerYi nDaggerj Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggerq
Removable ev Fixed daggerh daggerKvb GK aiDaggerYi appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggereb|
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Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi
msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy AvDaggerm| wKšlsquo daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` DcDaggerii cvwUcopyi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy bv
AvDaggerm Ges Gi dDaggerj DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi cvwUcopyi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mecopy`v dvuKv macrrsquovb _vDaggerK Ges gyL
mcurrenuacute~YcopyiƒDaggerc eUuml bv nq ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Open Bite eDaggerj|
mvaviYfvDaggere Open Bite ejDaggerZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi
Kvgo bv jvMvDaggerK daggerevSvq|
Open bite mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ ev wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Open Bite Gi KviY
mg~nt Avfrac12yj weDaggerkl KDaggeri ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Open bite nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
31
wRnŸv macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ eo _vKDaggerj ev hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjvavdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm
_vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS _vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi
DcDaggerii AsDaggerk (occlusal surface) -G _vDaggerK ZDaggere Open Bite nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
G Qvov daggerivMx hw` Bony Dysplasia Congenital wmwdwjm BZumlvw` daggerivDaggerM fyDaggerM
_vDaggerK ZDaggereI Open bite Gi mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt Open bite Gi wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml mecopycOuml_g daggerivMxDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOuml_Daggerg Open bite nevi KviY
mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggereb| hw` daggerivMxi Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK
ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm `~i Kivi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb
KDaggerib ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm ~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance)
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib daggerivMxDaggerK|
Open bite hw` gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj hvq ZDaggere Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontic
appliance eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri hv Fixed ev Removable daggerh daggerKvb iKgB
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
hw` daggerPvqvDaggerji nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Open bite dagger`Lv hvq Ges daggerivMxi eqm hw` 6-12 eQi
nq ZDaggere Chin cap (Chin cap bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi ev bxDaggerPi w`DaggerKi ebdquowtimes
nIqvDaggerK cOumlwZDaggeriva KDaggeri) Gi mvDagger_ High pull head gear eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nevi ci Ges macrrsquovqx `vuZ me DVvi ci daggerPvqvDaggerji Amacr^vfvweK
ebdquowtimesRwbZ KviDaggerY daggerh Open bite nq Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Surgery Kiv DaggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq KvDaggeriv Open bite Gi mgmumlv _vKDaggerj AvovDaggerj Zvi mgvDaggerjvPbv bv
KDaggeri AvgvDagger`i mKDaggerji DwPZ ZvDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ
ejv| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cieZcopyx KiYxq mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy ejDaggerZ cviDaggereb| Zvui
civgkcopy Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY KiDaggerj Open bite wbivgq Kiv mcurrencente|
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`šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv Class II Malocclusion DaggerK `yB fvDaggerM fvM KDaggeriDaggerQb|
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion
2 Class II division 2 malocclusion
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion t
hw` KvDaggeriv daggerclY `vuDaggerZi mcurrenuacuteKcopy (Molar relation) Class II _vDaggerK Ges DcDaggerii
DaggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZ cedilDaggerjv DPz _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv Class II Division 1 Gi Ašmdashfycopysup3|
Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK
(Convex profile) DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ daggerewk daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL
DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK daggerewk mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| `vuZ DuPz nevi KviDaggerY
daggerivMx ADaggerbK mgq `yB daggerVuvU eUuml KiDaggerZ cvDaggeribv|
33
2 Class II division 2 Malocclusion
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc Molar Relation Class II _vKDaggere A_copyvr DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev
Molar `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev Molar `vuDaggerZi dagger_DaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ mvgDaggerb
Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv wKQyUv wfZDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb
KiDaggere| mvaviYZ DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj GKB iKg AemacrrsquovDaggerb _vKDaggere (Straight Profile)
DcDaggerii `vuZcedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK cyDaggerivUv daggerXDaggerK ivLDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`ix bv KDaggeri GKRb Orthodontist daggerK Rvbvb|
Orthodontist wewfbœ chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri wPwKrmv ctimeswZ wVK KiDaggereb|
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Avcbvi AvDaggerk cvDaggerki gvbylcedilDaggerjvDaggerK GKUz fvDaggerjvfvDaggere jpara KiDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggereb daggerewki
fvM gvbyDaggerliB DcDaggeri daggerPvqvj Ges DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji
`vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ mvgvbuml GKUz mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK| Ges GUvB nDaggerjv macr^vfvweK| wKšlsquo wKQy gvbyDaggerli
daggerparaDaggerIcirc Gi DDaggereumlvUv dagger`Lv dagger`q| A_copyvr ZvDagger`i bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK _vDaggerK DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj ev DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ| GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi
fvlvq eDaggerj Class III malocclusion|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
`yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| 1Uv nDaggerjv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY| GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii
cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
35
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi
MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb dagger`DaggerL GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wKfvDaggere wPwKrmv KiDaggerj
daggerivMx mDaggerecopyvEumlg djvdj cvq|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion nq ZDaggere Orthodontic
Treatment A_copyvr iumlaygvIcirc Brace cwoDaggerqB wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere evošmdash ev cwiYZ daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB| ZDaggere Lye daggerewk eqDaggerm wPwKrmv KivDaggerj wPwKrmvi mgq daggereDaggero hvDaggere|
hw` evošmdash eqDaggerm nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion dagger`Lv dagger`q ZDaggere
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvjDaggerK mvgDaggerb Avbvi Rbuml ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvjDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerbqvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK wewfbœ
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aiDaggerYi hšiquest dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri eumlenvDaggerii Rbuml| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Face Mask Chin Cap DDaggerjshyL
daggerhvMuml|
hw` cwiYZ eqDaggerm gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerqi Class III malocclusion hv nvDaggerii MVDaggerbi
KviDaggerY nDaggerqDaggerQ Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ ZDaggere kjuml wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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evBgumlvmiddot
evBgvmiddot `y aiDaggerbi nq| evBgumlvwmiddotjvix cOumlUzordfmb Ges evBgumlvwmiddot jvix cOumlwKnotDaggerbmb| wK KwVb
katilde| Avmyb Lye mnDaggerR daggerRDaggerb daggerbB `uvZ I gvwoi Avi GK mgmumlv hvi bvg evBgvmiddot|
evBgumlvmiddot mgmumlvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj wKsev `uvZ wKsev DfqB mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK DPzu _vDaggerK| dDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv daggerVvU DPzu nDaggerq _vKv GgbwK gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ
cviv mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
mvavibZ `uvZ hw` Zzjbvg~jK fvDaggere eo GgbwK daggerPvqvj jcurren^v wKsev daggerXvK wMjvi mgq
wRnev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK Amacr^vfvweK fvDaggere `uvZDaggerK mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK daggerVjv w`Daggerj GB aiDaggerbi mgmumlv nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| NveovDaggerbvi wKQzB daggerbB GB mgmumlvi mgvavb Lye myrsaquo`i KDaggeri GK AwfAacute ADagger_copyDaggerWbwUdivide
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib| gDaggerb ivLDaggerZ nDaggere cOumlv_wgK Aemacrrsquovq GB mgmumlvi mgvavb KiDaggerj ZZUv RwUjZv nq
bv| eDaggerqvmwUuml KvDaggerji c~Daggere eDaggerqvmmwUuml KvDaggerji mgq Ges cDaggeri wPwKrmv eumlemacrrsquov cbdquo_K cbdquo_K nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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myrsaquo`Daggerii c~Rvix mKDaggerjB ZvB GB mgmumlv mgvavb KDaggeri
Avcwb nDaggerq DVyb myrsaquo`i `uvZ I nvwmi AwaKvix
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daggerMR `vuZ(High Canine) DPz KZcopyb `vuZ t
AvgvDagger`i gyDaggerL eqm 5 eQi chcopyšmdash daggerh 20 wU `vuZ _vDaggerK Zvi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ
_vDaggerK| eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ 20wU `ya `vuZ hLb cDaggero wMDaggerq macrrsquovqx `vuZ DDaggerV ZLbI daggergvU
32wU `vuDaggerZi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ _vDaggerK| G KZcopyb `uvZcedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi 4wU daggerKvbvq AewmacrrsquoZ| ZvB
GDagger`iDaggerK Corner Stone of mouth eDaggerj| bvg iumlbDaggerjB daggerevSv hvq G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Lv`uml`ordfeumlDaggerK
KZcopyb KiDaggerZ Ges wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri| G `vuZ cedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK kwsup3kvjx| KviY G `vuDaggerZi
GbvDaggergDaggerji cyisbquoZiexcl Daggerewk Ges mvgDaggerbi 4wU `vuDaggerZi (Pecopyb `vuZ-Incisor tooth) ciciB
AewmacrrsquoZ| daggerKvb daggerKvb mgq wewfbœ KviY ekZt G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Zvi wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK wfbœ
AemacrrsquovDaggerb dagger`Lv hvq| hw` G `vuZcedilDaggerjv gvwoi gDaggerauml ev DcDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri ZLb ZvDaggerK
High Canine ev daggerMR `vuZ ejv nq| Avevi KLDaggerbv GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv Zvjyi w`K w`Daggerq DDaggerV|
ZLb GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK Palataly placed canine eDaggerj| Avevi KLDaggerbv I gvwo ev Zvjyi wfZDaggeri
G `vuZ Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| ZLb ZvDaggerK Impacted Canine ejv nq| GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi gDaggerauml
AZxe Risbquoix PviwU `vuZ| GB `vuZ daggerhgb Lv`uml`ordfeuml KZcopyb I wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri cvkvcvwk
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daggerPvqvDaggerji bovPovDaggerK wbqšiquestY KDaggeri| GB `vuZDaggerK Beauty tooth I ejv nq| ZvB G `vuDaggerZi
mvwietimesfvDaggere webumlvm LyeB Risbquoix|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ daggerh KDaggerqKwU mgmumlv ZzDaggerj aiv nDaggerjv G mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi mgvavb LyeB Risbquoix|
hw` daggerKD GiKg daggerKvb mgmumlvq fyDaggerM _vDaggerKb ZDaggere AwfAacute Orthodontist -B nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
Avcbvi myrsaquo`i nvwm wdwiDaggerq dagger`qvi cig eUumlz|
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daggerVvuU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerki wkiumlDagger`i GKwU AbumlZg
mgmumlv| wewfbœ MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv wMDaggerqDaggerQ cOumlwZ 700 RDaggerb 1 Rb daggerVvuU KvUv Ges cOumlwZ 1000 RDaggerb
1 Rb wkiuml Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| daggerVvuU KvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggerQDaggerj wkiumlDagger`i Ges
ZvjyKvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggergDaggerq-wkiumlDagger`i gvDaggerS|
wewfbœ KviDaggerY wkiuml daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri _vDaggerK| kZKiv 25 fvM daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GUv eskMZ KviDaggerY nDaggerq _vDaggerK| hw` 1 Rb ZvjyKvUv daggerivMx 1 Rb mymacrrsquo gvbylDaggerK weDaggerq KDaggeri ZDaggere
ZvDagger`i ev‛Pvi ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kivi mcurrencentvebv kZKiv 2 fvM|
Mfcopyvemacrrsquovi cOuml_g fvDaggerM gv hw` daggerKvb fvBivj BbDaggerdKkDaggerb Avmicrovšmdash nq ev kvixwiKfvDaggere
AvNvZcOumlvszlig nq ev niDaggergvDaggerbi fvimvgumlnxbZvq fyDaggerM ev wfUvwgDaggerbi AfvDaggere fyDaggerM _vDaggerK ev
daggeriwWDaggerqkDaggerb GmiddotDaggercvR nq ev _umlvwjDaggerWvgvBW RvZxq Ilya MOumlnY KDaggeri ZDaggere wkiumli daggerVvuU ev
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| KvDaggerQi AvZyenxq macr^RDaggerbi gvDaggerS weDaggerq nDaggerjI wkiuml G mgmumlv
wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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DaggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq wkiuml RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerj cwieviDaggerK bvbv aiDaggerYi mvgvwRK I gvbwmK
mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ nq| wkiuml hLb GB mgmumlv wbDaggerq eo nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZLb daggermI gvbwmKfvDaggere
nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ _vDaggerK| G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ K_v
ejDaggerZ I iumlbDaggerZ mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| `vuDaggerZi mgmumlvi gDaggerauml hv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Zvi gDaggerauml AbumlZg
nDagger‛Q-wewfbœ `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKv `vuZ wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV gyDaggerLi Abuml daggerKvb RvqMvq
DVv evowZ wKQy `vuZ _vKv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb ksup3 bv nIqv `vuDaggerZi MVb myrsaquo`i bv nIqv
gvwoi wewfbœ mgmumlv `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPy-bxPz nIqv|
daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv daggerivMxDagger`i wPwKrmv weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmKDagger`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutev Qvov mcurrencente
bq| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Orthodontist Gi f~wgKv iumlisbquo nq ev‛Pvi RDaggerbyeni ci ciB| daggerhDaggernZz daggerVvuU I
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv nq daggermRbuml wkiumli RDaggerbyeni ci ciB
gyDaggerLi wfZi covi Rbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b daggerhb wkiumli daggerLDaggerZ
daggerKvb mgmumlv bv nq|
kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wkiumli 3-6 gvm eqDaggerm daggerVvuU I 1-2 eQi eqDaggerm Zvjy wVK KiDaggerZ
nDaggere GKRb AwfAacute kjuml wPwKrmK Oslashviv| kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg daggerVvuU I Zvjy wVK Kivi ci
wkiumli DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj hvDaggerZ msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GK aiDaggerYi
Appliance ev hšiquest bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b|
wkiumli Mixed dentition stage (6-12 eQi eqm) -G gyDaggerL daggerKvb AwZwisup3 `vuZ
_vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GQvov mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Cross bite _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuZ
AvuKv evKv _vKDaggerj ev Molar ev daggerclY `vDaggerZi Relation wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere Removable ev Fixed appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo
KiDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
me macrrsquovqx `vuZ PDaggerj Avmvi ci macrrsquovqxfvDaggere daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Kvgo (Occlusion
improve) wVK Kivi Rbuml Fixed ev Removable appliance w`Daggerq Orthodontist
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb Ges daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggereb|
GB mgDaggerq gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyDaggerK wVK Kivi Rbuml cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj Bony Graft Kiv daggerhDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| Gi dDaggerj Orthodontic treatment Gi daggerh djvdj ZvI Aparazbœ _vKDaggere|
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daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLvi ci Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere daggerivMxDaggerK
Permanent Retainer bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv daggerivMxDaggerK me mgq cDaggero _vKDaggerZ nDaggere|
Amacrlsaquovi weRqx DaggerRvqvDaggerKb wdwbmiddot RDaggerbyeni mgq daggerVvuU KvuUv wQj
daggerVvuU KuvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv daggerKvb Awfkvc bq| mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg
GDaggerK mvwiDaggerq daggerZvjv mcurrencente| `iKvi iumlay mevi mDaggerPZbZv Avi mwVK mgDaggerq weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri daggerm Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY Kiv|
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ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerKvb eqDaggerm iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ Zv AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKiB ARvbv|
ADaggerbK AwffveKB eySDaggerZ cvDaggerib bv wkiumli ADagger_copyvWbwUK mgmumlvi Rbuml daggerKvb eqDaggerm
Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| AAacutevbZvi Rbuml ev Abuml daggerKvb wOslashav-OslashDaggerrsaquo`i
KviDaggerY Zviv ADaggerbK mgqB ADaggerbK dagger`ix KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb wPwKrmvi
Rbuml| dDaggerj wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc wPwKrmvi eumlvwszligKvj daggereDaggero hvq| wKQyDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK
chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc
wPwKrmvi djvdj Avkvbyiƒc nq bv| KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv KZUv
Risbquoix| GLb Avwg ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi eqm mxgv wbDaggerq AvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri AvcbvDagger`i
wKQyUv nDaggerjI aviYv dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev Kie|
AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerk ADaggerbK wkiumlB daggerVvuU ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| Kzmsmacrlsaquoviv‛Qbœ
gvbyliv GDaggerK Awfkvc ev fvDaggerMumli wjLb gDaggerb KDaggeri nvZ cv cedilwUDaggerq eDaggerm _vDaggerK daggerKvb wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri bv| wKšlsquo gDaggerb ivLDaggereb daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumli
AwffveKDagger`i DwPZ RDaggerbyeni ci ciB GKRb AwfAacute Orhodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY Kiv|
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KviY G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i RDaggerbyeni ciB cOumlavb I cOuml_g daggerh mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q Zv nDaggerjv Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mgmumlv| Orthodontist Gmgq GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv wkiumlDaggerK Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml LyeB parawZKi GKwU Afumlvm|
mvaviYZ `yB dagger_DaggerK wZb eQi eqDaggermi gDaggerauml Avcbv Avcwb wkiuml G AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KDaggeri daggerdDaggerj|
wKšlsquo ZviciI hw` wkiuml AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere AwffveKDagger`i Gi parawZKi w`KwU
mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere Ges microgvMZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv PjDaggerZ _vKDaggerj wkiumlDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj G AfumlvmwU
`~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance) bullZwi KDaggeri w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib
hvDaggerZ KDaggeri fwelumlDaggerZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi KviDaggerY wkiumli `vuDaggerZi webumlvm AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv hvq|
mvaviYZ 5-6 eQi eqm dagger_DaggerK wkiumlDagger`i `ya `vuZ coDaggerZ iumlisbquo KDaggeri| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK mgq
dagger`Lv hvq AvNvZ RwbZ paraq RwbZ ev Abuml daggerKvb daggerivDaggerMi KviDaggerY wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya
`vuZ cDaggero hvq ev daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| `vuZ covi ci daggerh dvuKv RvqMvwU _vDaggerK daggerm RvqMvwU ZLb
`yB cvDaggerki `vuZ w`Daggerq eUuml nDaggerq hvq| dDaggerj rsquovqx `vuZ DVvi Rbuml chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv daggercDaggerq
Amacr^vfvweK daggerKvb RvqMvq `vuZ DDaggerV Ges `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi mcurrencentvebv daggereDaggero hvq| GB dvuKv
macrrsquovbwU hvDaggerZ cvDaggerki `vuZ Oslashviv eUuml bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl hšiquest bullZwi
KDaggeri w`Daggereb hvDaggerK Space maintainer eDaggerj| KvDaggerRB daggerKvb `ya`vuZ hw` Zvi wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi
AvDaggerM cDaggero hvq ZDaggere dagger`ix bv KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi mvDagger_ dagger`Lv Kisbquob|
ADaggerbK ev‛PvDagger`i dagger`Lv hvq DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj daggerewk evoDaggerQ ev hZUzKz evovi K_v
ZZUzKz evoDaggerQ bv| Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc evošmdash eqDaggerm (6-12) Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cOumlDaggerqvRb AbymvDaggeri Face
mask ev Chin cap eumlenvi KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb hv ev‛Pvi DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimesDaggerK
mwVK AmacrrsquovDaggerb wbDaggerZ mnvqZv KiDaggere|
DaggerVuvU I ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i daggerVvuU I Zvjy kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wVK
Kivi ci mwVK mgq Orthodontist Gmiddotcvbmb macrŒz (Expansion screw) ZvjyDaggerZ jvwMDaggerq
dagger`b hvDaggerZ DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq| G wkiumlDagger`i 8-10 eQi eqDaggerm bone
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grafting Kivi Rbuml kjuml wPwKrmKDaggerK cOumlDaggerqvRbxq civgkcopy I mnvqZv w`Daggerq _vDaggerKb
Orthodontist|
6-12 eQi eqDaggerm hLb wkiumli gyDaggerL `ya I macrrsquovqx Dfq cOumlKvi `vuZ we`umlgvb ZLb hw`
`vuDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo (Cross bite) daggerewk Kvgo (Deep bite) dagger`Lv hvq ZDaggere
Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRbxq eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggereb hvDaggerZ fwelumlDaggerZ KvgocedilDaggerjv AvDaggeriv Lvivc -Gi w`DaggerK
bv hvq|
`ya `vuZ me cDaggero hvevi ci I macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVvi ci AvuKv evuKv DuPz -bxPz `vuZ wVK
Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS Removable Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ
ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere) ev Fixed Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere bv) w`Daggerq
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb|
ADaggerbDaggerKiB gDaggerbB cOumlkœ _vDaggerK daggerh daggerewk eqDaggerm Orthodontic wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere wKbv|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuZ nvo I GDagger`i mvDagger_ mcurrenuacuteKcopyhysup3 structure cedilDaggerjv fvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZDaggere daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv Kiv mcurrencente|
cOumlvszlig eqDaggerm hw` DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj hw` Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes daggercDaggerq _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv
wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj kjuml wPwKrmvi Oslashvimacrrsquo nDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi mdjZv wbfcopyi KDaggeri wPwKrmDaggerKi AwfAacuteZv daggerivMx I Zvi
AwffveDaggerKi mnDaggerhvwMZv I mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi Dci|
gDaggerb ivLDaggereb mgDaggerqi GK daggerdvuo AmgDaggerqi `k daggerdvuo| mwVK mgDaggerq mwVK KvRwU KiDaggerj
Avcwb daggerh djvdj cvDaggereb dagger`ix KDaggeri KvRwU KiDaggerj daggermB djvdj Avcwb bvI daggercDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
Avcbvi daggerKvb wbKURDaggerbi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj mwVK mgDaggerq Orthodontist
Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggerZ fyjDaggereb bv daggerhb|
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Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Dci Bracket
ev Brace covDaggerbv _vDaggerK| Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq
Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv wbDagger`kcopyvejx wVKgZ daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj wPwKrmv cieZcopyx RwUjZv dagger`Lv
dagger`evi mcurrencentvebv LyeB Kg|
Fixed Orthodontic treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq gyL I `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZ weDaggerkl hZœ wbDaggerZ
nDaggere| daggerhme welDaggerqi Dci daggerewk daggerewk bRi ivLDaggerZ nDaggere Zv bxDaggerP dagger`qv nDaggerjvt
1 daggerhw`b daggerivMxi gyDaggerL Bracket emvDaggerbv nDaggere Zvici dagger_DaggerK 24 NrsaquoUv chcopyšmdash ksup3 Lvevi
LvIqv DwPZ bq| GDaggerZ Bracket LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| H 24 NrsaquoUv Lye daggerRvDaggeri daggerRvDaggeri `vuZ
eordfvk Kiv I DwPZ bq| daggerivMx Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv civgkcopy Abyhvqx `vuZ eordfvk
KiDaggere I macr^vfvweK Lvevi LvDaggere|
2 Bracket covDaggerbvi 2-3 w`b chcopyšmdash daggerivMxi GKUz Amacr^wmacrmdash nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GDaggerZ fDaggerqi wKQy
daggerbB| gyDaggerL bZzb wKQy wRwbm emvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2-3 w`b ci Zv AfumlvDaggerm cwiYZ nDaggerq
hvDaggere|
3 cOumlwZevi Lvevi LvIqvi ci AekumlB `vuZ fvDaggerjvfvDaggere eordfvk KiDaggerZ nDaggere| mKvDaggerj I ivDaggerZ
daggerdnotvivBW hysup3 Uz_Daggercdivide w`Daggerq `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggere| Abumlvbuml mgq Uz_ daggercoacute Qvov eordfvk KiDaggerjI
PjDaggere|
4 cOumlwZ wZb (3) gvm ci ci Uz_eordfvk e`j KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Uz_eordfvDaggerki weordfmampjcedilDaggerjv daggerhb big
(Medium soft) nq Zv daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
5 Bracket ev appliance -Gi Dci bxDaggerP 45 daggerKvDaggerY eordfvk aDaggeri `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
6 Lye daggerRvDaggeri Pvc w`Daggerq eordfvk Kiv hvDaggere bv| GDaggerZ KDaggeri Appliance LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
7 `vuDaggerZi daggerh cvDaggerk Appliance AvDaggerQ daggermB cvDaggerk Appliance -Gi Dci AvjDaggerZvfvDaggere
NywiDaggerq NywiDaggerq eordfvk KDaggeri `vuZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| `vuDaggerZi Abumlvbuml cvkcedilDaggerjvI daggerhb
fvDaggerjvfvDaggere cwireglsaquovi Kiv nq daggermw`DaggerK daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
48
8 cOumlwZevi Lvevi Gi ci eordfvk Kiv mcurrencente bv nDaggerj LyefvDaggerjv KDaggeri KzjKzwP KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
9 `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerSi gqjv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Dental Floss eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
DaggerKvb KvwV ev myuB w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerLvPvDaggerbv hvDaggere bv|
10 wRnŸv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Tongue Cleanser eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
11 cOumlDaggerqvRDaggerb fvDaggerjv Mouth Wash eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere ZDaggerewPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy
Abyhvqx|
12 `vuDaggerZi gvwo Avfrac12yj w`Daggerq Massage Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
13 daggerKvb appliance daggerfDaggerfrac12 daggerMDaggerj ev LyDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ev Appliance Gi KviDaggerY gyDaggerL daggerKvb
mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj dagger`ix bv KDaggeri mDaggerfrac12 mDaggerfrac12 Orthondontist-Gi civgkcopy wbDaggerZ nDaggere|
14 wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq ksup3 Lvevi (nvo AvL) LvIqv cwinvi KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
15 AvVvDaggerjv RvZxq Lvevi (PzBs Mvg) LvIqv ev` w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
16 daggercqviv AvDaggercj ev daggerh daggerKvb ksup3 Lvevi Kvgo w`Daggerq bv daggerLDaggerq daggerQvU daggerQvU UzKiv KDaggeri
daggerLDaggerZ nDaggere|
17 Orthodontist DaggerhfvDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK AvmDaggerZ ejDaggereb (1gvm ci ci) AekumlB Zv cvjb
KiDaggerZ nDaggere| bv nDaggerj daggerivMxi wPwKrmv daggerkl nDaggerZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi daggerewk jvMDaggere|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbPz `vuZ wVK Kivi Rbuml daggerhgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Oslashviv mwVK wPwKrmv daggerZgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerivMx Ges daggerivMxi AwffveDaggerKi
mnDaggerhvwMZv Ges Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy Abyhvqx Pjv| ZDaggereB DaggerivMx wPwKrmv DaggerkDaggerl cvDaggere
KvwldquoparaZ myrsaquo`i `vuZ|
49
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
50
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ dnotwms
51
daggerQvAElig GKwU evMvDaggerb hw` ADaggerbKcedilDaggerjv MvQ daggereDaggero DVDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZDaggere ADaggerbK MvDaggerQi macr^vfvweK ebdquowtimes
weboacute nq Ges evMvbwU wKQyw`b ci Nb Rfrac12Daggerj cwiYZ nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK| ZLb hw` daggermLvb
dagger_DaggerK wKQy MvQ daggerKDaggerU daggerdjv nq ZDaggere evMvbwUi evKxMvQcedilDaggerjv iparav daggercDaggerq macr^vfvweKfvDaggere daggereDaggero
DVDaggere|
daggerZgwb gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerh cwigvY RvqMv AvDaggerQ Zvi daggerPDaggerq hw` `vuDaggerZi msLumlv daggerewk wKsev
`vuZ Lye daggerekx AvuKv evKv DuPz `uvZ _vKDaggerj ZDaggere Zv wVK KDaggeri `vuZDaggerK mywebumlvmacrmdash myrsaquo`i KDaggeri
daggerZvjvi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgq daggerivMxi wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB daggerivMx ev
Zvi AwffveK `vuZ daggerZvjvi K_v iumlbDaggerj fq cvq| Zviv fvDaggere `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ ADaggerbK euml_v
jvMDaggere ev daggerPvDaggerLi daggereordfBDaggerbi hw` daggerKvb parawZ nq| Zviv Orthodontist daggerK `vuZ bv ZzDaggerj
wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml AbyDaggeriva KDaggeri _vDaggerK| wKšlsquo ZvDagger`i G mKj aviYv mcurrenuacute~Ycopy Ag~jK| `vuZ
ZzjDaggerj daggerPvDaggerLi ev daggereordfBDaggerbi daggerKvb parawZ nqbv| GKRb AwfAacute wPwKrmK ZvB KiDaggereb hv KiDaggerj
daggerivMxi wPwKrmv fvDaggerjvfvDaggere mcurrenuacutebœ nDaggere Ges daggerivMx I Zvi AwffveK mšlsquowoacute jvf KiDaggere| Avi
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM wbw copyoacute rsquovb fvDaggerjvfvDaggere Aek KDaggeri wbDaggerj Ges wPwKrmDaggerKi dagger`qv DcDagger`k `vuZ
daggerZvjvi w`b I cieZcopyx KDaggerqKw`b mwVKfvDaggere daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj `vuZ daggerZvjvi ci daggerivMxi daggerZgb daggerKvb
Amyweav nq bv ejDaggerjB PDaggerj|
52
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM
`vuZ daggerZvjvi cDaggeri
53
ADaggerbDaggerKB AvDaggerQb hviv ivDaggerZ NygvDaggerbvi AvDaggerM Ges mKvDaggerj bvmacrmdashv Lvevi ci `vuZ eordfvk
KDaggerib `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Kvj wejcurren^ bv KDaggeri `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggerib
`vuDaggerZi mymacrrsquoZvi Rbuml hv hv `iKvi Zviv Zv-B KDaggerib| GmeB nDaggerjv fvDaggerjv Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi
Rbuml LyeB DcKvix|
wKšlsquo Ggb wKQy Afumlvm AvDaggerQ hv gyL I `vuDaggerZi macr^vDaggermacrrsquoumli Rbuml LyeB parawZKi| Gme
e`AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi bvbv aiDaggerYi mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q| GB AfumlvmcedilDaggerjvi gDaggerauml Avfrac12yj
daggerPvlv wRnŸampv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv ev daggerVjv dagger`Iqv daggerKvb mgmumlv bv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI gyL w`Daggerq wbkbrvbarvm
daggerbqv daggerVvuU I bL KvgovDaggerbv AbumlZg|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK| evev gv hw` GUv daggerLqvj KDaggerib ZDaggere wkiumlDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere daggerh Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv Lvivc| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz nDaggerq hvq ADaggerbK mgq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bvI coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Open bite) bxDaggerPi
54
daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZcedilDaggerjv msKzwPZ nDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK hZUzKz daggerXDaggerK ivLv
DwPZ Zv KDaggerg daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerbvi ci I hw` Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm bv KDaggerg ZDaggere wkiumli 2-3 eQi eqm
chcopyšmdash ADaggercparav KiDaggerZ nDaggere| ADaggerbK mgq 3 eQi eqDaggermi ci wkiumli GB Afumlvm PDaggerj hvq|
ZviciI hw` wkiuml G Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere GKRb AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12
civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| wPwKrmK `iKvi gDaggerb nDaggerj daggerKvb Appliance ev hšiquest w`Daggereb hv
wkiumlDaggerK GB Afumlvm `~i KiDaggerZ mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wkiumli hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK ZDaggere DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DPuy nDaggerq hvq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bv coDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerivMx gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri
wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq Avcbvi daggermvbvgwbi hw` Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml
parawZKi ZDaggere cOuml_DaggergB ZvDaggerK eySvb| ZvDaggerZ KvR bv nDaggerj Aemacrrsquov hvDaggerZ AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv
hvq daggermRbuml AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy Kisbquob|
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55
OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
56
CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
57
KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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58
DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
59
GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
60
ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
61
daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
22
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PROF IIDA JUN ICHI RO DR SAGOR amp
PROF TT YAMAMOTO AT KOREA
23
At IADR Seminar USA
Avcwb nqDaggerZvev Avcbvi wbDaggerRi A_ev daggerKvb wcOumlqRDaggerbi AvuKv evuKv `vuZ wbDaggerq LyeB
`ywethšmdashvMOumlmacr mdash| mywPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg Orthodontist AvcbvDaggerK GB `ywethšmdashv dagger_DaggerK gysup3 KiDaggerZ
cvDaggerib| wKšlsquo Avcwb wK RvDaggerbb daggerKb `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPz bxPz nq Avmyb bxDaggerPi AvDaggerjvPbvi
gvaumlDaggerg Avgiv cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy GB cOumlkœwUi DEumli LyuDaggerR daggerbB|
wewfbœ wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv wewfbœfvDaggere `vuZ AvuKv-evuKv nevi KviY mg~nDaggerK daggerkordfYxetimes
KDaggeriDaggerQb| AvcbvDagger`i Rvbvi myweavDagger_copy Lye mnR fvlvq `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi KviY mg~n wbDaggerP
dagger`qv njt
1| RbyenMZ KviY t K) wkiuml hw` daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| L) wkiumli
RDaggerbyeni mgq gv_vq AvNvZ daggercDaggerj| M) wewfbœ JlDaggerai cvkbrvbarcopy cOumlwZmicroqvi Rbuml|
2| eskMZ KviDaggerYt daggerPvqvj Lye daggerewk eo ev daggerQvU nDaggerj| daggerPvqvDaggerj me `vuZ aDaggeri
ivLvi gZ chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKDaggerj|
3| niDaggergvDaggerbi wewfbœ mgmumlv daggerhgbt Cretinism acromegali _vKDaggerj|
4| daggerPvqvj ev `vuDaggerZi bxDaggerP daggerKvb wUDgvi _vKDaggerj ev AvNvZ daggercDaggerj|
5| fyj ctimeswZDaggerZ Lvevi wMjDaggerj (Improper Swallowing)|
6| gyDaggerL daggerKvb `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKDaggerj|
7| `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AvKhellipwZ Amacr^vfvweK nDaggerj|
8| gyDaggerL AwZwisup3 daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj|
9| DaggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi gDaggerauml jydegvwqZ _vKDaggerj|
10| wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya `vuZ daggerdDaggerj w`Daggerj|
11| `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi ciI ADaggerbKw`b aDaggeri gyDaggerL Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerj|
12| macrrsquovqx daggerKvb `vuZ bv _vKDaggerj|
13| macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVDaggerZ dagger`ix KiDaggerj|
14| AvNvZ daggercDaggerj|
15| DaggerKvb `vuZ mnRfvDaggere DVDaggerZ euml_copy nDaggerj|
16| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv dagger`qv cOumlfbdquowZ AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi
cOumlavb KviYmg~nDaggerZv RvbDaggerjb| Avmyb bv Rvbv AacutevbUvDaggerK KvDaggerR jvMvB| DcDaggerivsup3
24
KviYmg~n hw` KvDaggeriv gvDaggerS dagger`LDaggerZ cvB ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY
KiDaggerZ ewj|
hLb KvDaggeriv gv_vq PzDaggerji cwigvb macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ Kg _vDaggerK ZLb ZvDaggerK KZB bv
`ywethšmdashv MOumlmacr mdash dagger`Lvq| gv_vi Pzjwenxb dvuKv macrrsquovb wKfvDaggere `~i Kiv hvq Zv wbDaggerq daggerhb wPšmdashvi daggerkl
_vDaggerK bv| wVK daggerZgwbfvDaggere wKQy gvbyDaggerli `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMv dagger`Lv hvq| ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcirc
Zviv Abuml gvbyDaggerli mvgDaggerb K_v ejDaggerZ GgbwK cOumlvb LyDaggerj nvmDaggerZI Amacr^wmacrmdash daggereva KDaggeri| hviv dvuKv
`vuDaggerZi mgmumlv fyMDaggerQb ZvDagger`i `ywethšmdashvi w`b daggerkl| ADagger_copyvWbwUKm wPwKrmvi KjumlvDaggerb dvuKv
`vuDaggerZi wPwKrmv GLb Avi daggerKvb mgmumlvB bq|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy
wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
25
mvaviY ADagger_copy Spacing ejDaggerZ Avgiv dvuKv macrrsquovb eywS| wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi fvlvq hLb
g yDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb daggerKvb `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMv _vDaggerK ZLb ZvDaggerK Spacing eDaggerj|
cOumlKviDaggerf` t Spacing `yB aiDaggerYi nDaggerq _vDaggerK|
1) Generalized Spacing daggerPvqvDaggerji me ev AwaKvsk `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv
_vKDaggerj|
2) Localized Spacing `yB ev ZDaggerZvwaK `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerj|
DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `ywU `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerj ZvDaggerK Median
Diastema eDaggerj|
Spacing ev dvuKvi KviY t
1 daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq `vuDaggerZi AvKvi hw` daggerQvU nq
2 RbyenMZfvDaggere daggerKvb `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKDaggerj|
3 Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj|
4 DaggerKvb `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AwZ paraz`ordf nDaggerj|
5 `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerj|
6 wmdivide wUDgvi _vKDaggerj|
7 wRnŸv eo _vKDaggerj| (macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ)
8 `vuZ wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK NyDaggeri daggerMDaggerj
9 GQvov daggerVuvU ev MvDaggerji KviDaggerY A_ev AwZwisup3 daggerKvb `vuZ gyDaggerL _vKDaggerj Zv cvDaggerki
`vuZDaggerK Pressure w`Daggerq mwiDaggerq Spacing KDaggeri|
Spacing wKfvDaggere wbYcopyq Kiv nq t
K) DaggerivMxi gyL MnŸi chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri
L) DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZiƒc ev Model dagger`DaggerL
M) x-ray dagger`DaggerL|
26
Spacing Gi Amyweav mg~nt
duvKv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI daggerivMxi Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv K_v ejvi
mgq daggerKvb daggerKvb katilde macruacuteoacutefvDaggere D‛PviDaggerY mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt
Spacing Gi wPwKrmv Kivi c~Daggerecopy daggerivMxi BwZnvm fvDaggerjvfvDaggere RvbDaggerZ nDaggere Ges
Spacing Gi mcurrencentveuml KviY mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggerZ nDaggere| hw` daggerivMxi Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK
hvi Rbuml `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMvi mbdquowoacute nDagger‛Q ZDaggere daggermB Afumlvm ev` dagger`qvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| ZviciI hw` daggerivMx Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere Habit breaking
appliance eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere| daggerKvb
TumourCyst _vKDaggerj Zv AcmviY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Spacing hw` Lye mvgvbuml cwigvDaggerY nq
Ges daggerivMxi hw` daggerKvb AwfDaggerhvM bv _vDaggerK ZDaggere wPwKrmv bv KivDaggerj I PDaggerj| ZDaggere Spacing
ADaggerbK daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontics wPwKrmv jvMDaggere| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri
wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wK aiDaggerYi wPwKrmv w`Daggereb| Spacing wVK Kivi Rbuml yB aiDaggerYi hšiquest ev
appliance use Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Removable Appliance)
Orthodontist `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ Fixed KDaggeri Appliance wU jvwMDaggerq w`Daggereb
(Fixed appliance) hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggerebv|
hw` `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mvgvbuml dvuKv _vDaggerK ZDaggere `vuDaggerZi iDaggerOi mvDagger_ wgwjDaggerq Filling Kiv
daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
GQvov gyDaggerLi Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS KhellipwIcircg `vuZ ewmDaggerq I Spacing Correction Kiv hvq| DaggerZv
Avcbvi hw` _vDaggerK dvuKv `vuDaggerZi mgmumlv ZDaggere PDaggerj Avmyb AwfAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ| wPwKrmv
KwiDaggerq `vuDaggerZi dvuKv wVK Kisbquob cOumlvY LyDaggerj nvmyb Avi nDaggerq DVyb AvKlcopyYxq|
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mvaviYfvDaggere Crowding ejDaggerZ daggerKvb wKQyi AvwaKumlDaggerK daggerevSvq| wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi
fvlvq gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKvi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi macr^vfvweK webumlvm evavMOumlmacrrsquo nDaggerq daggerh
wekbdquoldquoLjZv mbdquowoacute nq ZvDaggerK Crowding eDaggerj|
KviYmg~nt wewfbœ KviDaggerY gyDaggerL Crowding nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Zvi gDaggerauml DDaggerjshyLDaggerhvMuml
KviYmg~n bxDaggerP Dagger`qv njt
1 gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AvKhellipwZi mvgAumlmuml bv _vKDaggerj|
2 `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj|
3 `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi ADaggerbK AvDaggerM cDaggero daggerMDaggerj
4 macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVDaggerZ dagger`ix nDaggerj
5 AvNvZ daggercDaggerj
6 DaggerKvb `vuZ evowZ _vKDaggerj
7 Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj
28
8 daggerPvqvj macr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes bv daggercDaggerj
Crowding wbYcopyqt
1 daggerivMxi gyLMnŸi chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri|
2 DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Model ev cOumlwZiƒc dagger`DaggerL
3 GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL|
Crowding Gi djvdj t
`vuDaggerZi Dci cOumlfvet Gi dDaggerj `vuZ Zvi wbDaggerRi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK NyDaggeri daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri
`vuZ daggernDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri GgbwK daggerKvb daggerKvb `vuZ bvI DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Dci cOumlfve t
1 DaggerivMx mvgvwRKfvDaggere wewfbœ mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
2 DaggermŠrsaquo`hcopynvwb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
3 `vuZ wVKgZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ bv cvivi KviDaggerY `vuZ I gvwoi wewfbœ daggerivDaggerM Avmicrovšmdash
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
4 nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmv t
1 cOumlwZDaggerivag~jK eumlemacrrsquovt
hw` daggerivMxi cwievDaggeri KvDaggeriv `vuDaggerZ Crowding _vDaggerK ZDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist-Gi chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ covi mwVK mgq bv Avmv chcopyšmdash `ya `vuZDaggerK msiparaY Kivi daggerPoacutev KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggerKvb paraqDaggerivM dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerZ daggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml
boacute bv nq|
Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj ZumlvM KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ mwVK mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj Zv wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq daggerdDaggerj dagger`qvi eumlemacrrsquov KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
29
gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere avivevwnKfvDaggere wbw`copyoacute wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerK
wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi fvlvq Serial extraction ejv nq|
2 msDaggerkvab g~jK eumlemacrrsquov t
K) DaggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml evovDaggerbv
DaggerPvqvjDaggerK cOumlmvwiZ Kiv
mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK wKQyUv DuPz Kiv
Daggergvjvi `vuZDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerUDaggerb Daggerbqv
vuDaggerZi AvKvi daggerQvU KDaggeri daggerdjv
`vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjv t
Crowding Gi cwigvY Lye daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontist wVK KiDaggereb daggerKvb `vuZwU
daggerdjDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
Crowding Lye daggerewk nDaggerj ev gvSvwi aiDaggerYi nDaggerj Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggerq
Removable ev Fixed daggerh daggerKvb GK aiDaggerYi appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggereb|
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Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi
msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy AvDaggerm| wKšlsquo daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` DcDaggerii cvwUcopyi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy bv
AvDaggerm Ges Gi dDaggerj DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi cvwUcopyi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mecopy`v dvuKv macrrsquovb _vDaggerK Ges gyL
mcurrenuacute~YcopyiƒDaggerc eUuml bv nq ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Open Bite eDaggerj|
mvaviYfvDaggere Open Bite ejDaggerZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi
Kvgo bv jvMvDaggerK daggerevSvq|
Open bite mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ ev wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Open Bite Gi KviY
mg~nt Avfrac12yj weDaggerkl KDaggeri ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Open bite nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
31
wRnŸv macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ eo _vKDaggerj ev hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjvavdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm
_vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS _vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi
DcDaggerii AsDaggerk (occlusal surface) -G _vDaggerK ZDaggere Open Bite nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
G Qvov daggerivMx hw` Bony Dysplasia Congenital wmwdwjm BZumlvw` daggerivDaggerM fyDaggerM
_vDaggerK ZDaggereI Open bite Gi mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt Open bite Gi wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml mecopycOuml_g daggerivMxDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOuml_Daggerg Open bite nevi KviY
mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggereb| hw` daggerivMxi Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK
ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm `~i Kivi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb
KDaggerib ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm ~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance)
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib daggerivMxDaggerK|
Open bite hw` gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj hvq ZDaggere Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontic
appliance eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri hv Fixed ev Removable daggerh daggerKvb iKgB
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
hw` daggerPvqvDaggerji nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Open bite dagger`Lv hvq Ges daggerivMxi eqm hw` 6-12 eQi
nq ZDaggere Chin cap (Chin cap bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi ev bxDaggerPi w`DaggerKi ebdquowtimes
nIqvDaggerK cOumlwZDaggeriva KDaggeri) Gi mvDagger_ High pull head gear eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nevi ci Ges macrrsquovqx `vuZ me DVvi ci daggerPvqvDaggerji Amacr^vfvweK
ebdquowtimesRwbZ KviDaggerY daggerh Open bite nq Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Surgery Kiv DaggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq KvDaggeriv Open bite Gi mgmumlv _vKDaggerj AvovDaggerj Zvi mgvDaggerjvPbv bv
KDaggeri AvgvDagger`i mKDaggerji DwPZ ZvDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ
ejv| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cieZcopyx KiYxq mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy ejDaggerZ cviDaggereb| Zvui
civgkcopy Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY KiDaggerj Open bite wbivgq Kiv mcurrencente|
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`šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv Class II Malocclusion DaggerK `yB fvDaggerM fvM KDaggeriDaggerQb|
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion
2 Class II division 2 malocclusion
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion t
hw` KvDaggeriv daggerclY `vuDaggerZi mcurrenuacuteKcopy (Molar relation) Class II _vDaggerK Ges DcDaggerii
DaggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZ cedilDaggerjv DPz _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv Class II Division 1 Gi Ašmdashfycopysup3|
Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK
(Convex profile) DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ daggerewk daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL
DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK daggerewk mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| `vuZ DuPz nevi KviDaggerY
daggerivMx ADaggerbK mgq `yB daggerVuvU eUuml KiDaggerZ cvDaggeribv|
33
2 Class II division 2 Malocclusion
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc Molar Relation Class II _vKDaggere A_copyvr DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev
Molar `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev Molar `vuDaggerZi dagger_DaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ mvgDaggerb
Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv wKQyUv wfZDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb
KiDaggere| mvaviYZ DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj GKB iKg AemacrrsquovDaggerb _vKDaggere (Straight Profile)
DcDaggerii `vuZcedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK cyDaggerivUv daggerXDaggerK ivLDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`ix bv KDaggeri GKRb Orthodontist daggerK Rvbvb|
Orthodontist wewfbœ chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri wPwKrmv ctimeswZ wVK KiDaggereb|
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Avcbvi AvDaggerk cvDaggerki gvbylcedilDaggerjvDaggerK GKUz fvDaggerjvfvDaggere jpara KiDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggereb daggerewki
fvM gvbyDaggerliB DcDaggeri daggerPvqvj Ges DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji
`vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ mvgvbuml GKUz mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK| Ges GUvB nDaggerjv macr^vfvweK| wKšlsquo wKQy gvbyDaggerli
daggerparaDaggerIcirc Gi DDaggereumlvUv dagger`Lv dagger`q| A_copyvr ZvDagger`i bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK _vDaggerK DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj ev DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ| GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi
fvlvq eDaggerj Class III malocclusion|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
`yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| 1Uv nDaggerjv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY| GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii
cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
35
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi
MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb dagger`DaggerL GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wKfvDaggere wPwKrmv KiDaggerj
daggerivMx mDaggerecopyvEumlg djvdj cvq|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion nq ZDaggere Orthodontic
Treatment A_copyvr iumlaygvIcirc Brace cwoDaggerqB wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere evošmdash ev cwiYZ daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB| ZDaggere Lye daggerewk eqDaggerm wPwKrmv KivDaggerj wPwKrmvi mgq daggereDaggero hvDaggere|
hw` evošmdash eqDaggerm nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion dagger`Lv dagger`q ZDaggere
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvjDaggerK mvgDaggerb Avbvi Rbuml ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvjDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerbqvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK wewfbœ
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aiDaggerYi hšiquest dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri eumlenvDaggerii Rbuml| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Face Mask Chin Cap DDaggerjshyL
daggerhvMuml|
hw` cwiYZ eqDaggerm gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerqi Class III malocclusion hv nvDaggerii MVDaggerbi
KviDaggerY nDaggerqDaggerQ Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ ZDaggere kjuml wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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evBgumlvmiddot
evBgvmiddot `y aiDaggerbi nq| evBgumlvwmiddotjvix cOumlUzordfmb Ges evBgumlvwmiddot jvix cOumlwKnotDaggerbmb| wK KwVb
katilde| Avmyb Lye mnDaggerR daggerRDaggerb daggerbB `uvZ I gvwoi Avi GK mgmumlv hvi bvg evBgvmiddot|
evBgumlvmiddot mgmumlvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj wKsev `uvZ wKsev DfqB mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK DPzu _vDaggerK| dDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv daggerVvU DPzu nDaggerq _vKv GgbwK gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ
cviv mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
mvavibZ `uvZ hw` Zzjbvg~jK fvDaggere eo GgbwK daggerPvqvj jcurren^v wKsev daggerXvK wMjvi mgq
wRnev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK Amacr^vfvweK fvDaggere `uvZDaggerK mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK daggerVjv w`Daggerj GB aiDaggerbi mgmumlv nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| NveovDaggerbvi wKQzB daggerbB GB mgmumlvi mgvavb Lye myrsaquo`i KDaggeri GK AwfAacute ADagger_copyDaggerWbwUdivide
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib| gDaggerb ivLDaggerZ nDaggere cOumlv_wgK Aemacrrsquovq GB mgmumlvi mgvavb KiDaggerj ZZUv RwUjZv nq
bv| eDaggerqvmwUuml KvDaggerji c~Daggere eDaggerqvmmwUuml KvDaggerji mgq Ges cDaggeri wPwKrmv eumlemacrrsquov cbdquo_K cbdquo_K nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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myrsaquo`Daggerii c~Rvix mKDaggerjB ZvB GB mgmumlv mgvavb KDaggeri
Avcwb nDaggerq DVyb myrsaquo`i `uvZ I nvwmi AwaKvix
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daggerMR `vuZ(High Canine) DPz KZcopyb `vuZ t
AvgvDagger`i gyDaggerL eqm 5 eQi chcopyšmdash daggerh 20 wU `vuZ _vDaggerK Zvi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ
_vDaggerK| eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ 20wU `ya `vuZ hLb cDaggero wMDaggerq macrrsquovqx `vuZ DDaggerV ZLbI daggergvU
32wU `vuDaggerZi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ _vDaggerK| G KZcopyb `uvZcedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi 4wU daggerKvbvq AewmacrrsquoZ| ZvB
GDagger`iDaggerK Corner Stone of mouth eDaggerj| bvg iumlbDaggerjB daggerevSv hvq G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Lv`uml`ordfeumlDaggerK
KZcopyb KiDaggerZ Ges wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri| G `vuZ cedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK kwsup3kvjx| KviY G `vuDaggerZi
GbvDaggergDaggerji cyisbquoZiexcl Daggerewk Ges mvgDaggerbi 4wU `vuDaggerZi (Pecopyb `vuZ-Incisor tooth) ciciB
AewmacrrsquoZ| daggerKvb daggerKvb mgq wewfbœ KviY ekZt G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Zvi wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK wfbœ
AemacrrsquovDaggerb dagger`Lv hvq| hw` G `vuZcedilDaggerjv gvwoi gDaggerauml ev DcDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri ZLb ZvDaggerK
High Canine ev daggerMR `vuZ ejv nq| Avevi KLDaggerbv GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv Zvjyi w`K w`Daggerq DDaggerV|
ZLb GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK Palataly placed canine eDaggerj| Avevi KLDaggerbv I gvwo ev Zvjyi wfZDaggeri
G `vuZ Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| ZLb ZvDaggerK Impacted Canine ejv nq| GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi gDaggerauml
AZxe Risbquoix PviwU `vuZ| GB `vuZ daggerhgb Lv`uml`ordfeuml KZcopyb I wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri cvkvcvwk
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daggerPvqvDaggerji bovPovDaggerK wbqšiquestY KDaggeri| GB `vuZDaggerK Beauty tooth I ejv nq| ZvB G `vuDaggerZi
mvwietimesfvDaggere webumlvm LyeB Risbquoix|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ daggerh KDaggerqKwU mgmumlv ZzDaggerj aiv nDaggerjv G mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi mgvavb LyeB Risbquoix|
hw` daggerKD GiKg daggerKvb mgmumlvq fyDaggerM _vDaggerKb ZDaggere AwfAacute Orthodontist -B nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
Avcbvi myrsaquo`i nvwm wdwiDaggerq dagger`qvi cig eUumlz|
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daggerVvuU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerki wkiumlDagger`i GKwU AbumlZg
mgmumlv| wewfbœ MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv wMDaggerqDaggerQ cOumlwZ 700 RDaggerb 1 Rb daggerVvuU KvUv Ges cOumlwZ 1000 RDaggerb
1 Rb wkiuml Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| daggerVvuU KvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggerQDaggerj wkiumlDagger`i Ges
ZvjyKvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggergDaggerq-wkiumlDagger`i gvDaggerS|
wewfbœ KviDaggerY wkiuml daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri _vDaggerK| kZKiv 25 fvM daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GUv eskMZ KviDaggerY nDaggerq _vDaggerK| hw` 1 Rb ZvjyKvUv daggerivMx 1 Rb mymacrrsquo gvbylDaggerK weDaggerq KDaggeri ZDaggere
ZvDagger`i ev‛Pvi ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kivi mcurrencentvebv kZKiv 2 fvM|
Mfcopyvemacrrsquovi cOuml_g fvDaggerM gv hw` daggerKvb fvBivj BbDaggerdKkDaggerb Avmicrovšmdash nq ev kvixwiKfvDaggere
AvNvZcOumlvszlig nq ev niDaggergvDaggerbi fvimvgumlnxbZvq fyDaggerM ev wfUvwgDaggerbi AfvDaggere fyDaggerM _vDaggerK ev
daggeriwWDaggerqkDaggerb GmiddotDaggercvR nq ev _umlvwjDaggerWvgvBW RvZxq Ilya MOumlnY KDaggeri ZDaggere wkiumli daggerVvuU ev
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| KvDaggerQi AvZyenxq macr^RDaggerbi gvDaggerS weDaggerq nDaggerjI wkiuml G mgmumlv
wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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DaggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq wkiuml RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerj cwieviDaggerK bvbv aiDaggerYi mvgvwRK I gvbwmK
mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ nq| wkiuml hLb GB mgmumlv wbDaggerq eo nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZLb daggermI gvbwmKfvDaggere
nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ _vDaggerK| G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ K_v
ejDaggerZ I iumlbDaggerZ mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| `vuDaggerZi mgmumlvi gDaggerauml hv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Zvi gDaggerauml AbumlZg
nDagger‛Q-wewfbœ `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKv `vuZ wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV gyDaggerLi Abuml daggerKvb RvqMvq
DVv evowZ wKQy `vuZ _vKv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb ksup3 bv nIqv `vuDaggerZi MVb myrsaquo`i bv nIqv
gvwoi wewfbœ mgmumlv `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPy-bxPz nIqv|
daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv daggerivMxDagger`i wPwKrmv weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmKDagger`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutev Qvov mcurrencente
bq| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Orthodontist Gi f~wgKv iumlisbquo nq ev‛Pvi RDaggerbyeni ci ciB| daggerhDaggernZz daggerVvuU I
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv nq daggermRbuml wkiumli RDaggerbyeni ci ciB
gyDaggerLi wfZi covi Rbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b daggerhb wkiumli daggerLDaggerZ
daggerKvb mgmumlv bv nq|
kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wkiumli 3-6 gvm eqDaggerm daggerVvuU I 1-2 eQi eqDaggerm Zvjy wVK KiDaggerZ
nDaggere GKRb AwfAacute kjuml wPwKrmK Oslashviv| kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg daggerVvuU I Zvjy wVK Kivi ci
wkiumli DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj hvDaggerZ msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GK aiDaggerYi
Appliance ev hšiquest bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b|
wkiumli Mixed dentition stage (6-12 eQi eqm) -G gyDaggerL daggerKvb AwZwisup3 `vuZ
_vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GQvov mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Cross bite _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuZ
AvuKv evKv _vKDaggerj ev Molar ev daggerclY `vDaggerZi Relation wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere Removable ev Fixed appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo
KiDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
me macrrsquovqx `vuZ PDaggerj Avmvi ci macrrsquovqxfvDaggere daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Kvgo (Occlusion
improve) wVK Kivi Rbuml Fixed ev Removable appliance w`Daggerq Orthodontist
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb Ges daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggereb|
GB mgDaggerq gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyDaggerK wVK Kivi Rbuml cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj Bony Graft Kiv daggerhDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| Gi dDaggerj Orthodontic treatment Gi daggerh djvdj ZvI Aparazbœ _vKDaggere|
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daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLvi ci Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere daggerivMxDaggerK
Permanent Retainer bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv daggerivMxDaggerK me mgq cDaggero _vKDaggerZ nDaggere|
Amacrlsaquovi weRqx DaggerRvqvDaggerKb wdwbmiddot RDaggerbyeni mgq daggerVvuU KvuUv wQj
daggerVvuU KuvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv daggerKvb Awfkvc bq| mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg
GDaggerK mvwiDaggerq daggerZvjv mcurrencente| `iKvi iumlay mevi mDaggerPZbZv Avi mwVK mgDaggerq weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri daggerm Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY Kiv|
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ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerKvb eqDaggerm iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ Zv AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKiB ARvbv|
ADaggerbK AwffveKB eySDaggerZ cvDaggerib bv wkiumli ADagger_copyvWbwUK mgmumlvi Rbuml daggerKvb eqDaggerm
Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| AAacutevbZvi Rbuml ev Abuml daggerKvb wOslashav-OslashDaggerrsaquo`i
KviDaggerY Zviv ADaggerbK mgqB ADaggerbK dagger`ix KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb wPwKrmvi
Rbuml| dDaggerj wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc wPwKrmvi eumlvwszligKvj daggereDaggero hvq| wKQyDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK
chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc
wPwKrmvi djvdj Avkvbyiƒc nq bv| KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv KZUv
Risbquoix| GLb Avwg ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi eqm mxgv wbDaggerq AvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri AvcbvDagger`i
wKQyUv nDaggerjI aviYv dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev Kie|
AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerk ADaggerbK wkiumlB daggerVvuU ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| Kzmsmacrlsaquoviv‛Qbœ
gvbyliv GDaggerK Awfkvc ev fvDaggerMumli wjLb gDaggerb KDaggeri nvZ cv cedilwUDaggerq eDaggerm _vDaggerK daggerKvb wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri bv| wKšlsquo gDaggerb ivLDaggereb daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumli
AwffveKDagger`i DwPZ RDaggerbyeni ci ciB GKRb AwfAacute Orhodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY Kiv|
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KviY G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i RDaggerbyeni ciB cOumlavb I cOuml_g daggerh mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q Zv nDaggerjv Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mgmumlv| Orthodontist Gmgq GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv wkiumlDaggerK Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml LyeB parawZKi GKwU Afumlvm|
mvaviYZ `yB dagger_DaggerK wZb eQi eqDaggermi gDaggerauml Avcbv Avcwb wkiuml G AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KDaggeri daggerdDaggerj|
wKšlsquo ZviciI hw` wkiuml AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere AwffveKDagger`i Gi parawZKi w`KwU
mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere Ges microgvMZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv PjDaggerZ _vKDaggerj wkiumlDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj G AfumlvmwU
`~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance) bullZwi KDaggeri w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib
hvDaggerZ KDaggeri fwelumlDaggerZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi KviDaggerY wkiumli `vuDaggerZi webumlvm AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv hvq|
mvaviYZ 5-6 eQi eqm dagger_DaggerK wkiumlDagger`i `ya `vuZ coDaggerZ iumlisbquo KDaggeri| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK mgq
dagger`Lv hvq AvNvZ RwbZ paraq RwbZ ev Abuml daggerKvb daggerivDaggerMi KviDaggerY wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya
`vuZ cDaggero hvq ev daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| `vuZ covi ci daggerh dvuKv RvqMvwU _vDaggerK daggerm RvqMvwU ZLb
`yB cvDaggerki `vuZ w`Daggerq eUuml nDaggerq hvq| dDaggerj rsquovqx `vuZ DVvi Rbuml chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv daggercDaggerq
Amacr^vfvweK daggerKvb RvqMvq `vuZ DDaggerV Ges `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi mcurrencentvebv daggereDaggero hvq| GB dvuKv
macrrsquovbwU hvDaggerZ cvDaggerki `vuZ Oslashviv eUuml bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl hšiquest bullZwi
KDaggeri w`Daggereb hvDaggerK Space maintainer eDaggerj| KvDaggerRB daggerKvb `ya`vuZ hw` Zvi wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi
AvDaggerM cDaggero hvq ZDaggere dagger`ix bv KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi mvDagger_ dagger`Lv Kisbquob|
ADaggerbK ev‛PvDagger`i dagger`Lv hvq DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj daggerewk evoDaggerQ ev hZUzKz evovi K_v
ZZUzKz evoDaggerQ bv| Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc evošmdash eqDaggerm (6-12) Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cOumlDaggerqvRb AbymvDaggeri Face
mask ev Chin cap eumlenvi KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb hv ev‛Pvi DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimesDaggerK
mwVK AmacrrsquovDaggerb wbDaggerZ mnvqZv KiDaggere|
DaggerVuvU I ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i daggerVvuU I Zvjy kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wVK
Kivi ci mwVK mgq Orthodontist Gmiddotcvbmb macrŒz (Expansion screw) ZvjyDaggerZ jvwMDaggerq
dagger`b hvDaggerZ DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq| G wkiumlDagger`i 8-10 eQi eqDaggerm bone
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grafting Kivi Rbuml kjuml wPwKrmKDaggerK cOumlDaggerqvRbxq civgkcopy I mnvqZv w`Daggerq _vDaggerKb
Orthodontist|
6-12 eQi eqDaggerm hLb wkiumli gyDaggerL `ya I macrrsquovqx Dfq cOumlKvi `vuZ we`umlgvb ZLb hw`
`vuDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo (Cross bite) daggerewk Kvgo (Deep bite) dagger`Lv hvq ZDaggere
Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRbxq eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggereb hvDaggerZ fwelumlDaggerZ KvgocedilDaggerjv AvDaggeriv Lvivc -Gi w`DaggerK
bv hvq|
`ya `vuZ me cDaggero hvevi ci I macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVvi ci AvuKv evuKv DuPz -bxPz `vuZ wVK
Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS Removable Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ
ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere) ev Fixed Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere bv) w`Daggerq
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb|
ADaggerbDaggerKiB gDaggerbB cOumlkœ _vDaggerK daggerh daggerewk eqDaggerm Orthodontic wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere wKbv|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuZ nvo I GDagger`i mvDagger_ mcurrenuacuteKcopyhysup3 structure cedilDaggerjv fvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZDaggere daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv Kiv mcurrencente|
cOumlvszlig eqDaggerm hw` DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj hw` Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes daggercDaggerq _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv
wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj kjuml wPwKrmvi Oslashvimacrrsquo nDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi mdjZv wbfcopyi KDaggeri wPwKrmDaggerKi AwfAacuteZv daggerivMx I Zvi
AwffveDaggerKi mnDaggerhvwMZv I mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi Dci|
gDaggerb ivLDaggereb mgDaggerqi GK daggerdvuo AmgDaggerqi `k daggerdvuo| mwVK mgDaggerq mwVK KvRwU KiDaggerj
Avcwb daggerh djvdj cvDaggereb dagger`ix KDaggeri KvRwU KiDaggerj daggermB djvdj Avcwb bvI daggercDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
Avcbvi daggerKvb wbKURDaggerbi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj mwVK mgDaggerq Orthodontist
Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggerZ fyjDaggereb bv daggerhb|
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Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Dci Bracket
ev Brace covDaggerbv _vDaggerK| Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq
Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv wbDagger`kcopyvejx wVKgZ daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj wPwKrmv cieZcopyx RwUjZv dagger`Lv
dagger`evi mcurrencentvebv LyeB Kg|
Fixed Orthodontic treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq gyL I `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZ weDaggerkl hZœ wbDaggerZ
nDaggere| daggerhme welDaggerqi Dci daggerewk daggerewk bRi ivLDaggerZ nDaggere Zv bxDaggerP dagger`qv nDaggerjvt
1 daggerhw`b daggerivMxi gyDaggerL Bracket emvDaggerbv nDaggere Zvici dagger_DaggerK 24 NrsaquoUv chcopyšmdash ksup3 Lvevi
LvIqv DwPZ bq| GDaggerZ Bracket LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| H 24 NrsaquoUv Lye daggerRvDaggeri daggerRvDaggeri `vuZ
eordfvk Kiv I DwPZ bq| daggerivMx Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv civgkcopy Abyhvqx `vuZ eordfvk
KiDaggere I macr^vfvweK Lvevi LvDaggere|
2 Bracket covDaggerbvi 2-3 w`b chcopyšmdash daggerivMxi GKUz Amacr^wmacrmdash nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GDaggerZ fDaggerqi wKQy
daggerbB| gyDaggerL bZzb wKQy wRwbm emvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2-3 w`b ci Zv AfumlvDaggerm cwiYZ nDaggerq
hvDaggere|
3 cOumlwZevi Lvevi LvIqvi ci AekumlB `vuZ fvDaggerjvfvDaggere eordfvk KiDaggerZ nDaggere| mKvDaggerj I ivDaggerZ
daggerdnotvivBW hysup3 Uz_Daggercdivide w`Daggerq `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggere| Abumlvbuml mgq Uz_ daggercoacute Qvov eordfvk KiDaggerjI
PjDaggere|
4 cOumlwZ wZb (3) gvm ci ci Uz_eordfvk e`j KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Uz_eordfvDaggerki weordfmampjcedilDaggerjv daggerhb big
(Medium soft) nq Zv daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
5 Bracket ev appliance -Gi Dci bxDaggerP 45 daggerKvDaggerY eordfvk aDaggeri `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
6 Lye daggerRvDaggeri Pvc w`Daggerq eordfvk Kiv hvDaggere bv| GDaggerZ KDaggeri Appliance LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
7 `vuDaggerZi daggerh cvDaggerk Appliance AvDaggerQ daggermB cvDaggerk Appliance -Gi Dci AvjDaggerZvfvDaggere
NywiDaggerq NywiDaggerq eordfvk KDaggeri `vuZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| `vuDaggerZi Abumlvbuml cvkcedilDaggerjvI daggerhb
fvDaggerjvfvDaggere cwireglsaquovi Kiv nq daggermw`DaggerK daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
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8 cOumlwZevi Lvevi Gi ci eordfvk Kiv mcurrencente bv nDaggerj LyefvDaggerjv KDaggeri KzjKzwP KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
9 `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerSi gqjv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Dental Floss eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
DaggerKvb KvwV ev myuB w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerLvPvDaggerbv hvDaggere bv|
10 wRnŸv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Tongue Cleanser eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
11 cOumlDaggerqvRDaggerb fvDaggerjv Mouth Wash eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere ZDaggerewPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy
Abyhvqx|
12 `vuDaggerZi gvwo Avfrac12yj w`Daggerq Massage Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
13 daggerKvb appliance daggerfDaggerfrac12 daggerMDaggerj ev LyDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ev Appliance Gi KviDaggerY gyDaggerL daggerKvb
mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj dagger`ix bv KDaggeri mDaggerfrac12 mDaggerfrac12 Orthondontist-Gi civgkcopy wbDaggerZ nDaggere|
14 wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq ksup3 Lvevi (nvo AvL) LvIqv cwinvi KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
15 AvVvDaggerjv RvZxq Lvevi (PzBs Mvg) LvIqv ev` w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
16 daggercqviv AvDaggercj ev daggerh daggerKvb ksup3 Lvevi Kvgo w`Daggerq bv daggerLDaggerq daggerQvU daggerQvU UzKiv KDaggeri
daggerLDaggerZ nDaggere|
17 Orthodontist DaggerhfvDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK AvmDaggerZ ejDaggereb (1gvm ci ci) AekumlB Zv cvjb
KiDaggerZ nDaggere| bv nDaggerj daggerivMxi wPwKrmv daggerkl nDaggerZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi daggerewk jvMDaggere|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbPz `vuZ wVK Kivi Rbuml daggerhgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Oslashviv mwVK wPwKrmv daggerZgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerivMx Ges daggerivMxi AwffveDaggerKi
mnDaggerhvwMZv Ges Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy Abyhvqx Pjv| ZDaggereB DaggerivMx wPwKrmv DaggerkDaggerl cvDaggere
KvwldquoparaZ myrsaquo`i `vuZ|
49
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
50
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ dnotwms
51
daggerQvAElig GKwU evMvDaggerb hw` ADaggerbKcedilDaggerjv MvQ daggereDaggero DVDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZDaggere ADaggerbK MvDaggerQi macr^vfvweK ebdquowtimes
weboacute nq Ges evMvbwU wKQyw`b ci Nb Rfrac12Daggerj cwiYZ nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK| ZLb hw` daggermLvb
dagger_DaggerK wKQy MvQ daggerKDaggerU daggerdjv nq ZDaggere evMvbwUi evKxMvQcedilDaggerjv iparav daggercDaggerq macr^vfvweKfvDaggere daggereDaggero
DVDaggere|
daggerZgwb gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerh cwigvY RvqMv AvDaggerQ Zvi daggerPDaggerq hw` `vuDaggerZi msLumlv daggerewk wKsev
`vuZ Lye daggerekx AvuKv evKv DuPz `uvZ _vKDaggerj ZDaggere Zv wVK KDaggeri `vuZDaggerK mywebumlvmacrmdash myrsaquo`i KDaggeri
daggerZvjvi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgq daggerivMxi wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB daggerivMx ev
Zvi AwffveK `vuZ daggerZvjvi K_v iumlbDaggerj fq cvq| Zviv fvDaggere `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ ADaggerbK euml_v
jvMDaggere ev daggerPvDaggerLi daggereordfBDaggerbi hw` daggerKvb parawZ nq| Zviv Orthodontist daggerK `vuZ bv ZzDaggerj
wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml AbyDaggeriva KDaggeri _vDaggerK| wKšlsquo ZvDagger`i G mKj aviYv mcurrenuacute~Ycopy Ag~jK| `vuZ
ZzjDaggerj daggerPvDaggerLi ev daggereordfBDaggerbi daggerKvb parawZ nqbv| GKRb AwfAacute wPwKrmK ZvB KiDaggereb hv KiDaggerj
daggerivMxi wPwKrmv fvDaggerjvfvDaggere mcurrenuacutebœ nDaggere Ges daggerivMx I Zvi AwffveK mšlsquowoacute jvf KiDaggere| Avi
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM wbw copyoacute rsquovb fvDaggerjvfvDaggere Aek KDaggeri wbDaggerj Ges wPwKrmDaggerKi dagger`qv DcDagger`k `vuZ
daggerZvjvi w`b I cieZcopyx KDaggerqKw`b mwVKfvDaggere daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj `vuZ daggerZvjvi ci daggerivMxi daggerZgb daggerKvb
Amyweav nq bv ejDaggerjB PDaggerj|
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`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM
`vuZ daggerZvjvi cDaggeri
53
ADaggerbDaggerKB AvDaggerQb hviv ivDaggerZ NygvDaggerbvi AvDaggerM Ges mKvDaggerj bvmacrmdashv Lvevi ci `vuZ eordfvk
KDaggerib `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Kvj wejcurren^ bv KDaggeri `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggerib
`vuDaggerZi mymacrrsquoZvi Rbuml hv hv `iKvi Zviv Zv-B KDaggerib| GmeB nDaggerjv fvDaggerjv Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi
Rbuml LyeB DcKvix|
wKšlsquo Ggb wKQy Afumlvm AvDaggerQ hv gyL I `vuDaggerZi macr^vDaggermacrrsquoumli Rbuml LyeB parawZKi| Gme
e`AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi bvbv aiDaggerYi mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q| GB AfumlvmcedilDaggerjvi gDaggerauml Avfrac12yj
daggerPvlv wRnŸampv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv ev daggerVjv dagger`Iqv daggerKvb mgmumlv bv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI gyL w`Daggerq wbkbrvbarvm
daggerbqv daggerVvuU I bL KvgovDaggerbv AbumlZg|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK| evev gv hw` GUv daggerLqvj KDaggerib ZDaggere wkiumlDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere daggerh Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv Lvivc| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz nDaggerq hvq ADaggerbK mgq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bvI coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Open bite) bxDaggerPi
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daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZcedilDaggerjv msKzwPZ nDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK hZUzKz daggerXDaggerK ivLv
DwPZ Zv KDaggerg daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerbvi ci I hw` Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm bv KDaggerg ZDaggere wkiumli 2-3 eQi eqm
chcopyšmdash ADaggercparav KiDaggerZ nDaggere| ADaggerbK mgq 3 eQi eqDaggermi ci wkiumli GB Afumlvm PDaggerj hvq|
ZviciI hw` wkiuml G Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere GKRb AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12
civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| wPwKrmK `iKvi gDaggerb nDaggerj daggerKvb Appliance ev hšiquest w`Daggereb hv
wkiumlDaggerK GB Afumlvm `~i KiDaggerZ mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wkiumli hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK ZDaggere DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DPuy nDaggerq hvq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bv coDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerivMx gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri
wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq Avcbvi daggermvbvgwbi hw` Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml
parawZKi ZDaggere cOuml_DaggergB ZvDaggerK eySvb| ZvDaggerZ KvR bv nDaggerj Aemacrrsquov hvDaggerZ AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv
hvq daggermRbuml AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy Kisbquob|
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OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
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CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
57
KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
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GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
60
ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
61
daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
23
At IADR Seminar USA
Avcwb nqDaggerZvev Avcbvi wbDaggerRi A_ev daggerKvb wcOumlqRDaggerbi AvuKv evuKv `vuZ wbDaggerq LyeB
`ywethšmdashvMOumlmacr mdash| mywPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg Orthodontist AvcbvDaggerK GB `ywethšmdashv dagger_DaggerK gysup3 KiDaggerZ
cvDaggerib| wKšlsquo Avcwb wK RvDaggerbb daggerKb `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPz bxPz nq Avmyb bxDaggerPi AvDaggerjvPbvi
gvaumlDaggerg Avgiv cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy GB cOumlkœwUi DEumli LyuDaggerR daggerbB|
wewfbœ wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv wewfbœfvDaggere `vuZ AvuKv-evuKv nevi KviY mg~nDaggerK daggerkordfYxetimes
KDaggeriDaggerQb| AvcbvDagger`i Rvbvi myweavDagger_copy Lye mnR fvlvq `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi KviY mg~n wbDaggerP
dagger`qv njt
1| RbyenMZ KviY t K) wkiuml hw` daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| L) wkiumli
RDaggerbyeni mgq gv_vq AvNvZ daggercDaggerj| M) wewfbœ JlDaggerai cvkbrvbarcopy cOumlwZmicroqvi Rbuml|
2| eskMZ KviDaggerYt daggerPvqvj Lye daggerewk eo ev daggerQvU nDaggerj| daggerPvqvDaggerj me `vuZ aDaggeri
ivLvi gZ chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKDaggerj|
3| niDaggergvDaggerbi wewfbœ mgmumlv daggerhgbt Cretinism acromegali _vKDaggerj|
4| daggerPvqvj ev `vuDaggerZi bxDaggerP daggerKvb wUDgvi _vKDaggerj ev AvNvZ daggercDaggerj|
5| fyj ctimeswZDaggerZ Lvevi wMjDaggerj (Improper Swallowing)|
6| gyDaggerL daggerKvb `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKDaggerj|
7| `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AvKhellipwZ Amacr^vfvweK nDaggerj|
8| gyDaggerL AwZwisup3 daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj|
9| DaggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi gDaggerauml jydegvwqZ _vKDaggerj|
10| wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya `vuZ daggerdDaggerj w`Daggerj|
11| `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi ciI ADaggerbKw`b aDaggeri gyDaggerL Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggerj|
12| macrrsquovqx daggerKvb `vuZ bv _vKDaggerj|
13| macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVDaggerZ dagger`ix KiDaggerj|
14| AvNvZ daggercDaggerj|
15| DaggerKvb `vuZ mnRfvDaggere DVDaggerZ euml_copy nDaggerj|
16| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv dagger`qv cOumlfbdquowZ AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi
cOumlavb KviYmg~nDaggerZv RvbDaggerjb| Avmyb bv Rvbv AacutevbUvDaggerK KvDaggerR jvMvB| DcDaggerivsup3
24
KviYmg~n hw` KvDaggeriv gvDaggerS dagger`LDaggerZ cvB ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY
KiDaggerZ ewj|
hLb KvDaggeriv gv_vq PzDaggerji cwigvb macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ Kg _vDaggerK ZLb ZvDaggerK KZB bv
`ywethšmdashv MOumlmacr mdash dagger`Lvq| gv_vi Pzjwenxb dvuKv macrrsquovb wKfvDaggere `~i Kiv hvq Zv wbDaggerq daggerhb wPšmdashvi daggerkl
_vDaggerK bv| wVK daggerZgwbfvDaggere wKQy gvbyDaggerli `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMv dagger`Lv hvq| ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcirc
Zviv Abuml gvbyDaggerli mvgDaggerb K_v ejDaggerZ GgbwK cOumlvb LyDaggerj nvmDaggerZI Amacr^wmacrmdash daggereva KDaggeri| hviv dvuKv
`vuDaggerZi mgmumlv fyMDaggerQb ZvDagger`i `ywethšmdashvi w`b daggerkl| ADagger_copyvWbwUKm wPwKrmvi KjumlvDaggerb dvuKv
`vuDaggerZi wPwKrmv GLb Avi daggerKvb mgmumlvB bq|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy
wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
25
mvaviY ADagger_copy Spacing ejDaggerZ Avgiv dvuKv macrrsquovb eywS| wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi fvlvq hLb
g yDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb daggerKvb `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMv _vDaggerK ZLb ZvDaggerK Spacing eDaggerj|
cOumlKviDaggerf` t Spacing `yB aiDaggerYi nDaggerq _vDaggerK|
1) Generalized Spacing daggerPvqvDaggerji me ev AwaKvsk `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv
_vKDaggerj|
2) Localized Spacing `yB ev ZDaggerZvwaK `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerj|
DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `ywU `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerj ZvDaggerK Median
Diastema eDaggerj|
Spacing ev dvuKvi KviY t
1 daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq `vuDaggerZi AvKvi hw` daggerQvU nq
2 RbyenMZfvDaggere daggerKvb `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKDaggerj|
3 Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj|
4 DaggerKvb `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AwZ paraz`ordf nDaggerj|
5 `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerj|
6 wmdivide wUDgvi _vKDaggerj|
7 wRnŸv eo _vKDaggerj| (macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ)
8 `vuZ wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK NyDaggeri daggerMDaggerj
9 GQvov daggerVuvU ev MvDaggerji KviDaggerY A_ev AwZwisup3 daggerKvb `vuZ gyDaggerL _vKDaggerj Zv cvDaggerki
`vuZDaggerK Pressure w`Daggerq mwiDaggerq Spacing KDaggeri|
Spacing wKfvDaggere wbYcopyq Kiv nq t
K) DaggerivMxi gyL MnŸi chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri
L) DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZiƒc ev Model dagger`DaggerL
M) x-ray dagger`DaggerL|
26
Spacing Gi Amyweav mg~nt
duvKv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI daggerivMxi Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv K_v ejvi
mgq daggerKvb daggerKvb katilde macruacuteoacutefvDaggere D‛PviDaggerY mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt
Spacing Gi wPwKrmv Kivi c~Daggerecopy daggerivMxi BwZnvm fvDaggerjvfvDaggere RvbDaggerZ nDaggere Ges
Spacing Gi mcurrencentveuml KviY mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggerZ nDaggere| hw` daggerivMxi Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK
hvi Rbuml `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMvi mbdquowoacute nDagger‛Q ZDaggere daggermB Afumlvm ev` dagger`qvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| ZviciI hw` daggerivMx Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere Habit breaking
appliance eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere| daggerKvb
TumourCyst _vKDaggerj Zv AcmviY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Spacing hw` Lye mvgvbuml cwigvDaggerY nq
Ges daggerivMxi hw` daggerKvb AwfDaggerhvM bv _vDaggerK ZDaggere wPwKrmv bv KivDaggerj I PDaggerj| ZDaggere Spacing
ADaggerbK daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontics wPwKrmv jvMDaggere| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri
wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wK aiDaggerYi wPwKrmv w`Daggereb| Spacing wVK Kivi Rbuml yB aiDaggerYi hšiquest ev
appliance use Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Removable Appliance)
Orthodontist `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ Fixed KDaggeri Appliance wU jvwMDaggerq w`Daggereb
(Fixed appliance) hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggerebv|
hw` `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mvgvbuml dvuKv _vDaggerK ZDaggere `vuDaggerZi iDaggerOi mvDagger_ wgwjDaggerq Filling Kiv
daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
GQvov gyDaggerLi Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS KhellipwIcircg `vuZ ewmDaggerq I Spacing Correction Kiv hvq| DaggerZv
Avcbvi hw` _vDaggerK dvuKv `vuDaggerZi mgmumlv ZDaggere PDaggerj Avmyb AwfAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ| wPwKrmv
KwiDaggerq `vuDaggerZi dvuKv wVK Kisbquob cOumlvY LyDaggerj nvmyb Avi nDaggerq DVyb AvKlcopyYxq|
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mvaviYfvDaggere Crowding ejDaggerZ daggerKvb wKQyi AvwaKumlDaggerK daggerevSvq| wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi
fvlvq gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKvi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi macr^vfvweK webumlvm evavMOumlmacrrsquo nDaggerq daggerh
wekbdquoldquoLjZv mbdquowoacute nq ZvDaggerK Crowding eDaggerj|
KviYmg~nt wewfbœ KviDaggerY gyDaggerL Crowding nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Zvi gDaggerauml DDaggerjshyLDaggerhvMuml
KviYmg~n bxDaggerP Dagger`qv njt
1 gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AvKhellipwZi mvgAumlmuml bv _vKDaggerj|
2 `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj|
3 `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi ADaggerbK AvDaggerM cDaggero daggerMDaggerj
4 macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVDaggerZ dagger`ix nDaggerj
5 AvNvZ daggercDaggerj
6 DaggerKvb `vuZ evowZ _vKDaggerj
7 Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj
28
8 daggerPvqvj macr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes bv daggercDaggerj
Crowding wbYcopyqt
1 daggerivMxi gyLMnŸi chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri|
2 DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Model ev cOumlwZiƒc dagger`DaggerL
3 GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL|
Crowding Gi djvdj t
`vuDaggerZi Dci cOumlfvet Gi dDaggerj `vuZ Zvi wbDaggerRi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK NyDaggeri daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri
`vuZ daggernDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri GgbwK daggerKvb daggerKvb `vuZ bvI DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Dci cOumlfve t
1 DaggerivMx mvgvwRKfvDaggere wewfbœ mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
2 DaggermŠrsaquo`hcopynvwb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
3 `vuZ wVKgZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ bv cvivi KviDaggerY `vuZ I gvwoi wewfbœ daggerivDaggerM Avmicrovšmdash
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
4 nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmv t
1 cOumlwZDaggerivag~jK eumlemacrrsquovt
hw` daggerivMxi cwievDaggeri KvDaggeriv `vuDaggerZ Crowding _vDaggerK ZDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist-Gi chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ covi mwVK mgq bv Avmv chcopyšmdash `ya `vuZDaggerK msiparaY Kivi daggerPoacutev KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggerKvb paraqDaggerivM dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerZ daggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml
boacute bv nq|
Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj ZumlvM KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ mwVK mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj Zv wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq daggerdDaggerj dagger`qvi eumlemacrrsquov KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
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gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere avivevwnKfvDaggere wbw`copyoacute wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerK
wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi fvlvq Serial extraction ejv nq|
2 msDaggerkvab g~jK eumlemacrrsquov t
K) DaggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml evovDaggerbv
DaggerPvqvjDaggerK cOumlmvwiZ Kiv
mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK wKQyUv DuPz Kiv
Daggergvjvi `vuZDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerUDaggerb Daggerbqv
vuDaggerZi AvKvi daggerQvU KDaggeri daggerdjv
`vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjv t
Crowding Gi cwigvY Lye daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontist wVK KiDaggereb daggerKvb `vuZwU
daggerdjDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
Crowding Lye daggerewk nDaggerj ev gvSvwi aiDaggerYi nDaggerj Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggerq
Removable ev Fixed daggerh daggerKvb GK aiDaggerYi appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggereb|
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Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi
msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy AvDaggerm| wKšlsquo daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` DcDaggerii cvwUcopyi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy bv
AvDaggerm Ges Gi dDaggerj DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi cvwUcopyi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mecopy`v dvuKv macrrsquovb _vDaggerK Ges gyL
mcurrenuacute~YcopyiƒDaggerc eUuml bv nq ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Open Bite eDaggerj|
mvaviYfvDaggere Open Bite ejDaggerZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi
Kvgo bv jvMvDaggerK daggerevSvq|
Open bite mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ ev wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Open Bite Gi KviY
mg~nt Avfrac12yj weDaggerkl KDaggeri ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Open bite nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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wRnŸv macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ eo _vKDaggerj ev hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjvavdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm
_vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS _vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi
DcDaggerii AsDaggerk (occlusal surface) -G _vDaggerK ZDaggere Open Bite nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
G Qvov daggerivMx hw` Bony Dysplasia Congenital wmwdwjm BZumlvw` daggerivDaggerM fyDaggerM
_vDaggerK ZDaggereI Open bite Gi mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt Open bite Gi wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml mecopycOuml_g daggerivMxDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOuml_Daggerg Open bite nevi KviY
mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggereb| hw` daggerivMxi Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK
ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm `~i Kivi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb
KDaggerib ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm ~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance)
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib daggerivMxDaggerK|
Open bite hw` gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj hvq ZDaggere Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontic
appliance eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri hv Fixed ev Removable daggerh daggerKvb iKgB
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
hw` daggerPvqvDaggerji nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Open bite dagger`Lv hvq Ges daggerivMxi eqm hw` 6-12 eQi
nq ZDaggere Chin cap (Chin cap bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi ev bxDaggerPi w`DaggerKi ebdquowtimes
nIqvDaggerK cOumlwZDaggeriva KDaggeri) Gi mvDagger_ High pull head gear eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nevi ci Ges macrrsquovqx `vuZ me DVvi ci daggerPvqvDaggerji Amacr^vfvweK
ebdquowtimesRwbZ KviDaggerY daggerh Open bite nq Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Surgery Kiv DaggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq KvDaggeriv Open bite Gi mgmumlv _vKDaggerj AvovDaggerj Zvi mgvDaggerjvPbv bv
KDaggeri AvgvDagger`i mKDaggerji DwPZ ZvDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ
ejv| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cieZcopyx KiYxq mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy ejDaggerZ cviDaggereb| Zvui
civgkcopy Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY KiDaggerj Open bite wbivgq Kiv mcurrencente|
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`šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv Class II Malocclusion DaggerK `yB fvDaggerM fvM KDaggeriDaggerQb|
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion
2 Class II division 2 malocclusion
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion t
hw` KvDaggeriv daggerclY `vuDaggerZi mcurrenuacuteKcopy (Molar relation) Class II _vDaggerK Ges DcDaggerii
DaggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZ cedilDaggerjv DPz _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv Class II Division 1 Gi Ašmdashfycopysup3|
Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK
(Convex profile) DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ daggerewk daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL
DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK daggerewk mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| `vuZ DuPz nevi KviDaggerY
daggerivMx ADaggerbK mgq `yB daggerVuvU eUuml KiDaggerZ cvDaggeribv|
33
2 Class II division 2 Malocclusion
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc Molar Relation Class II _vKDaggere A_copyvr DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev
Molar `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev Molar `vuDaggerZi dagger_DaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ mvgDaggerb
Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv wKQyUv wfZDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb
KiDaggere| mvaviYZ DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj GKB iKg AemacrrsquovDaggerb _vKDaggere (Straight Profile)
DcDaggerii `vuZcedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK cyDaggerivUv daggerXDaggerK ivLDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`ix bv KDaggeri GKRb Orthodontist daggerK Rvbvb|
Orthodontist wewfbœ chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri wPwKrmv ctimeswZ wVK KiDaggereb|
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Avcbvi AvDaggerk cvDaggerki gvbylcedilDaggerjvDaggerK GKUz fvDaggerjvfvDaggere jpara KiDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggereb daggerewki
fvM gvbyDaggerliB DcDaggeri daggerPvqvj Ges DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji
`vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ mvgvbuml GKUz mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK| Ges GUvB nDaggerjv macr^vfvweK| wKšlsquo wKQy gvbyDaggerli
daggerparaDaggerIcirc Gi DDaggereumlvUv dagger`Lv dagger`q| A_copyvr ZvDagger`i bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK _vDaggerK DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj ev DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ| GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi
fvlvq eDaggerj Class III malocclusion|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
`yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| 1Uv nDaggerjv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY| GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii
cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi
MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb dagger`DaggerL GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wKfvDaggere wPwKrmv KiDaggerj
daggerivMx mDaggerecopyvEumlg djvdj cvq|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion nq ZDaggere Orthodontic
Treatment A_copyvr iumlaygvIcirc Brace cwoDaggerqB wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere evošmdash ev cwiYZ daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB| ZDaggere Lye daggerewk eqDaggerm wPwKrmv KivDaggerj wPwKrmvi mgq daggereDaggero hvDaggere|
hw` evošmdash eqDaggerm nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion dagger`Lv dagger`q ZDaggere
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvjDaggerK mvgDaggerb Avbvi Rbuml ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvjDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerbqvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK wewfbœ
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aiDaggerYi hšiquest dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri eumlenvDaggerii Rbuml| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Face Mask Chin Cap DDaggerjshyL
daggerhvMuml|
hw` cwiYZ eqDaggerm gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerqi Class III malocclusion hv nvDaggerii MVDaggerbi
KviDaggerY nDaggerqDaggerQ Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ ZDaggere kjuml wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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evBgumlvmiddot
evBgvmiddot `y aiDaggerbi nq| evBgumlvwmiddotjvix cOumlUzordfmb Ges evBgumlvwmiddot jvix cOumlwKnotDaggerbmb| wK KwVb
katilde| Avmyb Lye mnDaggerR daggerRDaggerb daggerbB `uvZ I gvwoi Avi GK mgmumlv hvi bvg evBgvmiddot|
evBgumlvmiddot mgmumlvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj wKsev `uvZ wKsev DfqB mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK DPzu _vDaggerK| dDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv daggerVvU DPzu nDaggerq _vKv GgbwK gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ
cviv mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
mvavibZ `uvZ hw` Zzjbvg~jK fvDaggere eo GgbwK daggerPvqvj jcurren^v wKsev daggerXvK wMjvi mgq
wRnev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK Amacr^vfvweK fvDaggere `uvZDaggerK mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK daggerVjv w`Daggerj GB aiDaggerbi mgmumlv nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| NveovDaggerbvi wKQzB daggerbB GB mgmumlvi mgvavb Lye myrsaquo`i KDaggeri GK AwfAacute ADagger_copyDaggerWbwUdivide
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib| gDaggerb ivLDaggerZ nDaggere cOumlv_wgK Aemacrrsquovq GB mgmumlvi mgvavb KiDaggerj ZZUv RwUjZv nq
bv| eDaggerqvmwUuml KvDaggerji c~Daggere eDaggerqvmmwUuml KvDaggerji mgq Ges cDaggeri wPwKrmv eumlemacrrsquov cbdquo_K cbdquo_K nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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myrsaquo`Daggerii c~Rvix mKDaggerjB ZvB GB mgmumlv mgvavb KDaggeri
Avcwb nDaggerq DVyb myrsaquo`i `uvZ I nvwmi AwaKvix
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daggerMR `vuZ(High Canine) DPz KZcopyb `vuZ t
AvgvDagger`i gyDaggerL eqm 5 eQi chcopyšmdash daggerh 20 wU `vuZ _vDaggerK Zvi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ
_vDaggerK| eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ 20wU `ya `vuZ hLb cDaggero wMDaggerq macrrsquovqx `vuZ DDaggerV ZLbI daggergvU
32wU `vuDaggerZi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ _vDaggerK| G KZcopyb `uvZcedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi 4wU daggerKvbvq AewmacrrsquoZ| ZvB
GDagger`iDaggerK Corner Stone of mouth eDaggerj| bvg iumlbDaggerjB daggerevSv hvq G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Lv`uml`ordfeumlDaggerK
KZcopyb KiDaggerZ Ges wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri| G `vuZ cedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK kwsup3kvjx| KviY G `vuDaggerZi
GbvDaggergDaggerji cyisbquoZiexcl Daggerewk Ges mvgDaggerbi 4wU `vuDaggerZi (Pecopyb `vuZ-Incisor tooth) ciciB
AewmacrrsquoZ| daggerKvb daggerKvb mgq wewfbœ KviY ekZt G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Zvi wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK wfbœ
AemacrrsquovDaggerb dagger`Lv hvq| hw` G `vuZcedilDaggerjv gvwoi gDaggerauml ev DcDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri ZLb ZvDaggerK
High Canine ev daggerMR `vuZ ejv nq| Avevi KLDaggerbv GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv Zvjyi w`K w`Daggerq DDaggerV|
ZLb GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK Palataly placed canine eDaggerj| Avevi KLDaggerbv I gvwo ev Zvjyi wfZDaggeri
G `vuZ Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| ZLb ZvDaggerK Impacted Canine ejv nq| GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi gDaggerauml
AZxe Risbquoix PviwU `vuZ| GB `vuZ daggerhgb Lv`uml`ordfeuml KZcopyb I wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri cvkvcvwk
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daggerPvqvDaggerji bovPovDaggerK wbqšiquestY KDaggeri| GB `vuZDaggerK Beauty tooth I ejv nq| ZvB G `vuDaggerZi
mvwietimesfvDaggere webumlvm LyeB Risbquoix|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ daggerh KDaggerqKwU mgmumlv ZzDaggerj aiv nDaggerjv G mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi mgvavb LyeB Risbquoix|
hw` daggerKD GiKg daggerKvb mgmumlvq fyDaggerM _vDaggerKb ZDaggere AwfAacute Orthodontist -B nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
Avcbvi myrsaquo`i nvwm wdwiDaggerq dagger`qvi cig eUumlz|
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daggerVvuU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerki wkiumlDagger`i GKwU AbumlZg
mgmumlv| wewfbœ MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv wMDaggerqDaggerQ cOumlwZ 700 RDaggerb 1 Rb daggerVvuU KvUv Ges cOumlwZ 1000 RDaggerb
1 Rb wkiuml Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| daggerVvuU KvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggerQDaggerj wkiumlDagger`i Ges
ZvjyKvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggergDaggerq-wkiumlDagger`i gvDaggerS|
wewfbœ KviDaggerY wkiuml daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri _vDaggerK| kZKiv 25 fvM daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GUv eskMZ KviDaggerY nDaggerq _vDaggerK| hw` 1 Rb ZvjyKvUv daggerivMx 1 Rb mymacrrsquo gvbylDaggerK weDaggerq KDaggeri ZDaggere
ZvDagger`i ev‛Pvi ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kivi mcurrencentvebv kZKiv 2 fvM|
Mfcopyvemacrrsquovi cOuml_g fvDaggerM gv hw` daggerKvb fvBivj BbDaggerdKkDaggerb Avmicrovšmdash nq ev kvixwiKfvDaggere
AvNvZcOumlvszlig nq ev niDaggergvDaggerbi fvimvgumlnxbZvq fyDaggerM ev wfUvwgDaggerbi AfvDaggere fyDaggerM _vDaggerK ev
daggeriwWDaggerqkDaggerb GmiddotDaggercvR nq ev _umlvwjDaggerWvgvBW RvZxq Ilya MOumlnY KDaggeri ZDaggere wkiumli daggerVvuU ev
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| KvDaggerQi AvZyenxq macr^RDaggerbi gvDaggerS weDaggerq nDaggerjI wkiuml G mgmumlv
wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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DaggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq wkiuml RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerj cwieviDaggerK bvbv aiDaggerYi mvgvwRK I gvbwmK
mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ nq| wkiuml hLb GB mgmumlv wbDaggerq eo nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZLb daggermI gvbwmKfvDaggere
nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ _vDaggerK| G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ K_v
ejDaggerZ I iumlbDaggerZ mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| `vuDaggerZi mgmumlvi gDaggerauml hv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Zvi gDaggerauml AbumlZg
nDagger‛Q-wewfbœ `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKv `vuZ wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV gyDaggerLi Abuml daggerKvb RvqMvq
DVv evowZ wKQy `vuZ _vKv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb ksup3 bv nIqv `vuDaggerZi MVb myrsaquo`i bv nIqv
gvwoi wewfbœ mgmumlv `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPy-bxPz nIqv|
daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv daggerivMxDagger`i wPwKrmv weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmKDagger`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutev Qvov mcurrencente
bq| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Orthodontist Gi f~wgKv iumlisbquo nq ev‛Pvi RDaggerbyeni ci ciB| daggerhDaggernZz daggerVvuU I
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv nq daggermRbuml wkiumli RDaggerbyeni ci ciB
gyDaggerLi wfZi covi Rbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b daggerhb wkiumli daggerLDaggerZ
daggerKvb mgmumlv bv nq|
kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wkiumli 3-6 gvm eqDaggerm daggerVvuU I 1-2 eQi eqDaggerm Zvjy wVK KiDaggerZ
nDaggere GKRb AwfAacute kjuml wPwKrmK Oslashviv| kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg daggerVvuU I Zvjy wVK Kivi ci
wkiumli DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj hvDaggerZ msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GK aiDaggerYi
Appliance ev hšiquest bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b|
wkiumli Mixed dentition stage (6-12 eQi eqm) -G gyDaggerL daggerKvb AwZwisup3 `vuZ
_vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GQvov mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Cross bite _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuZ
AvuKv evKv _vKDaggerj ev Molar ev daggerclY `vDaggerZi Relation wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere Removable ev Fixed appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo
KiDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
me macrrsquovqx `vuZ PDaggerj Avmvi ci macrrsquovqxfvDaggere daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Kvgo (Occlusion
improve) wVK Kivi Rbuml Fixed ev Removable appliance w`Daggerq Orthodontist
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb Ges daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggereb|
GB mgDaggerq gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyDaggerK wVK Kivi Rbuml cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj Bony Graft Kiv daggerhDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| Gi dDaggerj Orthodontic treatment Gi daggerh djvdj ZvI Aparazbœ _vKDaggere|
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daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLvi ci Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere daggerivMxDaggerK
Permanent Retainer bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv daggerivMxDaggerK me mgq cDaggero _vKDaggerZ nDaggere|
Amacrlsaquovi weRqx DaggerRvqvDaggerKb wdwbmiddot RDaggerbyeni mgq daggerVvuU KvuUv wQj
daggerVvuU KuvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv daggerKvb Awfkvc bq| mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg
GDaggerK mvwiDaggerq daggerZvjv mcurrencente| `iKvi iumlay mevi mDaggerPZbZv Avi mwVK mgDaggerq weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri daggerm Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY Kiv|
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ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerKvb eqDaggerm iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ Zv AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKiB ARvbv|
ADaggerbK AwffveKB eySDaggerZ cvDaggerib bv wkiumli ADagger_copyvWbwUK mgmumlvi Rbuml daggerKvb eqDaggerm
Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| AAacutevbZvi Rbuml ev Abuml daggerKvb wOslashav-OslashDaggerrsaquo`i
KviDaggerY Zviv ADaggerbK mgqB ADaggerbK dagger`ix KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb wPwKrmvi
Rbuml| dDaggerj wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc wPwKrmvi eumlvwszligKvj daggereDaggero hvq| wKQyDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK
chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc
wPwKrmvi djvdj Avkvbyiƒc nq bv| KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv KZUv
Risbquoix| GLb Avwg ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi eqm mxgv wbDaggerq AvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri AvcbvDagger`i
wKQyUv nDaggerjI aviYv dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev Kie|
AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerk ADaggerbK wkiumlB daggerVvuU ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| Kzmsmacrlsaquoviv‛Qbœ
gvbyliv GDaggerK Awfkvc ev fvDaggerMumli wjLb gDaggerb KDaggeri nvZ cv cedilwUDaggerq eDaggerm _vDaggerK daggerKvb wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri bv| wKšlsquo gDaggerb ivLDaggereb daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumli
AwffveKDagger`i DwPZ RDaggerbyeni ci ciB GKRb AwfAacute Orhodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY Kiv|
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KviY G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i RDaggerbyeni ciB cOumlavb I cOuml_g daggerh mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q Zv nDaggerjv Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mgmumlv| Orthodontist Gmgq GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv wkiumlDaggerK Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml LyeB parawZKi GKwU Afumlvm|
mvaviYZ `yB dagger_DaggerK wZb eQi eqDaggermi gDaggerauml Avcbv Avcwb wkiuml G AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KDaggeri daggerdDaggerj|
wKšlsquo ZviciI hw` wkiuml AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere AwffveKDagger`i Gi parawZKi w`KwU
mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere Ges microgvMZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv PjDaggerZ _vKDaggerj wkiumlDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj G AfumlvmwU
`~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance) bullZwi KDaggeri w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib
hvDaggerZ KDaggeri fwelumlDaggerZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi KviDaggerY wkiumli `vuDaggerZi webumlvm AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv hvq|
mvaviYZ 5-6 eQi eqm dagger_DaggerK wkiumlDagger`i `ya `vuZ coDaggerZ iumlisbquo KDaggeri| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK mgq
dagger`Lv hvq AvNvZ RwbZ paraq RwbZ ev Abuml daggerKvb daggerivDaggerMi KviDaggerY wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya
`vuZ cDaggero hvq ev daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| `vuZ covi ci daggerh dvuKv RvqMvwU _vDaggerK daggerm RvqMvwU ZLb
`yB cvDaggerki `vuZ w`Daggerq eUuml nDaggerq hvq| dDaggerj rsquovqx `vuZ DVvi Rbuml chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv daggercDaggerq
Amacr^vfvweK daggerKvb RvqMvq `vuZ DDaggerV Ges `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi mcurrencentvebv daggereDaggero hvq| GB dvuKv
macrrsquovbwU hvDaggerZ cvDaggerki `vuZ Oslashviv eUuml bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl hšiquest bullZwi
KDaggeri w`Daggereb hvDaggerK Space maintainer eDaggerj| KvDaggerRB daggerKvb `ya`vuZ hw` Zvi wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi
AvDaggerM cDaggero hvq ZDaggere dagger`ix bv KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi mvDagger_ dagger`Lv Kisbquob|
ADaggerbK ev‛PvDagger`i dagger`Lv hvq DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj daggerewk evoDaggerQ ev hZUzKz evovi K_v
ZZUzKz evoDaggerQ bv| Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc evošmdash eqDaggerm (6-12) Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cOumlDaggerqvRb AbymvDaggeri Face
mask ev Chin cap eumlenvi KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb hv ev‛Pvi DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimesDaggerK
mwVK AmacrrsquovDaggerb wbDaggerZ mnvqZv KiDaggere|
DaggerVuvU I ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i daggerVvuU I Zvjy kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wVK
Kivi ci mwVK mgq Orthodontist Gmiddotcvbmb macrŒz (Expansion screw) ZvjyDaggerZ jvwMDaggerq
dagger`b hvDaggerZ DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq| G wkiumlDagger`i 8-10 eQi eqDaggerm bone
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grafting Kivi Rbuml kjuml wPwKrmKDaggerK cOumlDaggerqvRbxq civgkcopy I mnvqZv w`Daggerq _vDaggerKb
Orthodontist|
6-12 eQi eqDaggerm hLb wkiumli gyDaggerL `ya I macrrsquovqx Dfq cOumlKvi `vuZ we`umlgvb ZLb hw`
`vuDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo (Cross bite) daggerewk Kvgo (Deep bite) dagger`Lv hvq ZDaggere
Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRbxq eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggereb hvDaggerZ fwelumlDaggerZ KvgocedilDaggerjv AvDaggeriv Lvivc -Gi w`DaggerK
bv hvq|
`ya `vuZ me cDaggero hvevi ci I macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVvi ci AvuKv evuKv DuPz -bxPz `vuZ wVK
Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS Removable Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ
ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere) ev Fixed Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere bv) w`Daggerq
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb|
ADaggerbDaggerKiB gDaggerbB cOumlkœ _vDaggerK daggerh daggerewk eqDaggerm Orthodontic wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere wKbv|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuZ nvo I GDagger`i mvDagger_ mcurrenuacuteKcopyhysup3 structure cedilDaggerjv fvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZDaggere daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv Kiv mcurrencente|
cOumlvszlig eqDaggerm hw` DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj hw` Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes daggercDaggerq _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv
wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj kjuml wPwKrmvi Oslashvimacrrsquo nDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi mdjZv wbfcopyi KDaggeri wPwKrmDaggerKi AwfAacuteZv daggerivMx I Zvi
AwffveDaggerKi mnDaggerhvwMZv I mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi Dci|
gDaggerb ivLDaggereb mgDaggerqi GK daggerdvuo AmgDaggerqi `k daggerdvuo| mwVK mgDaggerq mwVK KvRwU KiDaggerj
Avcwb daggerh djvdj cvDaggereb dagger`ix KDaggeri KvRwU KiDaggerj daggermB djvdj Avcwb bvI daggercDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
Avcbvi daggerKvb wbKURDaggerbi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj mwVK mgDaggerq Orthodontist
Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggerZ fyjDaggereb bv daggerhb|
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Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Dci Bracket
ev Brace covDaggerbv _vDaggerK| Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq
Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv wbDagger`kcopyvejx wVKgZ daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj wPwKrmv cieZcopyx RwUjZv dagger`Lv
dagger`evi mcurrencentvebv LyeB Kg|
Fixed Orthodontic treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq gyL I `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZ weDaggerkl hZœ wbDaggerZ
nDaggere| daggerhme welDaggerqi Dci daggerewk daggerewk bRi ivLDaggerZ nDaggere Zv bxDaggerP dagger`qv nDaggerjvt
1 daggerhw`b daggerivMxi gyDaggerL Bracket emvDaggerbv nDaggere Zvici dagger_DaggerK 24 NrsaquoUv chcopyšmdash ksup3 Lvevi
LvIqv DwPZ bq| GDaggerZ Bracket LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| H 24 NrsaquoUv Lye daggerRvDaggeri daggerRvDaggeri `vuZ
eordfvk Kiv I DwPZ bq| daggerivMx Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv civgkcopy Abyhvqx `vuZ eordfvk
KiDaggere I macr^vfvweK Lvevi LvDaggere|
2 Bracket covDaggerbvi 2-3 w`b chcopyšmdash daggerivMxi GKUz Amacr^wmacrmdash nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GDaggerZ fDaggerqi wKQy
daggerbB| gyDaggerL bZzb wKQy wRwbm emvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2-3 w`b ci Zv AfumlvDaggerm cwiYZ nDaggerq
hvDaggere|
3 cOumlwZevi Lvevi LvIqvi ci AekumlB `vuZ fvDaggerjvfvDaggere eordfvk KiDaggerZ nDaggere| mKvDaggerj I ivDaggerZ
daggerdnotvivBW hysup3 Uz_Daggercdivide w`Daggerq `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggere| Abumlvbuml mgq Uz_ daggercoacute Qvov eordfvk KiDaggerjI
PjDaggere|
4 cOumlwZ wZb (3) gvm ci ci Uz_eordfvk e`j KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Uz_eordfvDaggerki weordfmampjcedilDaggerjv daggerhb big
(Medium soft) nq Zv daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
5 Bracket ev appliance -Gi Dci bxDaggerP 45 daggerKvDaggerY eordfvk aDaggeri `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
6 Lye daggerRvDaggeri Pvc w`Daggerq eordfvk Kiv hvDaggere bv| GDaggerZ KDaggeri Appliance LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
7 `vuDaggerZi daggerh cvDaggerk Appliance AvDaggerQ daggermB cvDaggerk Appliance -Gi Dci AvjDaggerZvfvDaggere
NywiDaggerq NywiDaggerq eordfvk KDaggeri `vuZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| `vuDaggerZi Abumlvbuml cvkcedilDaggerjvI daggerhb
fvDaggerjvfvDaggere cwireglsaquovi Kiv nq daggermw`DaggerK daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
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8 cOumlwZevi Lvevi Gi ci eordfvk Kiv mcurrencente bv nDaggerj LyefvDaggerjv KDaggeri KzjKzwP KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
9 `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerSi gqjv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Dental Floss eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
DaggerKvb KvwV ev myuB w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerLvPvDaggerbv hvDaggere bv|
10 wRnŸv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Tongue Cleanser eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
11 cOumlDaggerqvRDaggerb fvDaggerjv Mouth Wash eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere ZDaggerewPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy
Abyhvqx|
12 `vuDaggerZi gvwo Avfrac12yj w`Daggerq Massage Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
13 daggerKvb appliance daggerfDaggerfrac12 daggerMDaggerj ev LyDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ev Appliance Gi KviDaggerY gyDaggerL daggerKvb
mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj dagger`ix bv KDaggeri mDaggerfrac12 mDaggerfrac12 Orthondontist-Gi civgkcopy wbDaggerZ nDaggere|
14 wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq ksup3 Lvevi (nvo AvL) LvIqv cwinvi KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
15 AvVvDaggerjv RvZxq Lvevi (PzBs Mvg) LvIqv ev` w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
16 daggercqviv AvDaggercj ev daggerh daggerKvb ksup3 Lvevi Kvgo w`Daggerq bv daggerLDaggerq daggerQvU daggerQvU UzKiv KDaggeri
daggerLDaggerZ nDaggere|
17 Orthodontist DaggerhfvDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK AvmDaggerZ ejDaggereb (1gvm ci ci) AekumlB Zv cvjb
KiDaggerZ nDaggere| bv nDaggerj daggerivMxi wPwKrmv daggerkl nDaggerZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi daggerewk jvMDaggere|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbPz `vuZ wVK Kivi Rbuml daggerhgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Oslashviv mwVK wPwKrmv daggerZgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerivMx Ges daggerivMxi AwffveDaggerKi
mnDaggerhvwMZv Ges Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy Abyhvqx Pjv| ZDaggereB DaggerivMx wPwKrmv DaggerkDaggerl cvDaggere
KvwldquoparaZ myrsaquo`i `vuZ|
49
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
50
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ dnotwms
51
daggerQvAElig GKwU evMvDaggerb hw` ADaggerbKcedilDaggerjv MvQ daggereDaggero DVDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZDaggere ADaggerbK MvDaggerQi macr^vfvweK ebdquowtimes
weboacute nq Ges evMvbwU wKQyw`b ci Nb Rfrac12Daggerj cwiYZ nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK| ZLb hw` daggermLvb
dagger_DaggerK wKQy MvQ daggerKDaggerU daggerdjv nq ZDaggere evMvbwUi evKxMvQcedilDaggerjv iparav daggercDaggerq macr^vfvweKfvDaggere daggereDaggero
DVDaggere|
daggerZgwb gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerh cwigvY RvqMv AvDaggerQ Zvi daggerPDaggerq hw` `vuDaggerZi msLumlv daggerewk wKsev
`vuZ Lye daggerekx AvuKv evKv DuPz `uvZ _vKDaggerj ZDaggere Zv wVK KDaggeri `vuZDaggerK mywebumlvmacrmdash myrsaquo`i KDaggeri
daggerZvjvi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgq daggerivMxi wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB daggerivMx ev
Zvi AwffveK `vuZ daggerZvjvi K_v iumlbDaggerj fq cvq| Zviv fvDaggere `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ ADaggerbK euml_v
jvMDaggere ev daggerPvDaggerLi daggereordfBDaggerbi hw` daggerKvb parawZ nq| Zviv Orthodontist daggerK `vuZ bv ZzDaggerj
wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml AbyDaggeriva KDaggeri _vDaggerK| wKšlsquo ZvDagger`i G mKj aviYv mcurrenuacute~Ycopy Ag~jK| `vuZ
ZzjDaggerj daggerPvDaggerLi ev daggereordfBDaggerbi daggerKvb parawZ nqbv| GKRb AwfAacute wPwKrmK ZvB KiDaggereb hv KiDaggerj
daggerivMxi wPwKrmv fvDaggerjvfvDaggere mcurrenuacutebœ nDaggere Ges daggerivMx I Zvi AwffveK mšlsquowoacute jvf KiDaggere| Avi
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM wbw copyoacute rsquovb fvDaggerjvfvDaggere Aek KDaggeri wbDaggerj Ges wPwKrmDaggerKi dagger`qv DcDagger`k `vuZ
daggerZvjvi w`b I cieZcopyx KDaggerqKw`b mwVKfvDaggere daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj `vuZ daggerZvjvi ci daggerivMxi daggerZgb daggerKvb
Amyweav nq bv ejDaggerjB PDaggerj|
52
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM
`vuZ daggerZvjvi cDaggeri
53
ADaggerbDaggerKB AvDaggerQb hviv ivDaggerZ NygvDaggerbvi AvDaggerM Ges mKvDaggerj bvmacrmdashv Lvevi ci `vuZ eordfvk
KDaggerib `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Kvj wejcurren^ bv KDaggeri `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggerib
`vuDaggerZi mymacrrsquoZvi Rbuml hv hv `iKvi Zviv Zv-B KDaggerib| GmeB nDaggerjv fvDaggerjv Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi
Rbuml LyeB DcKvix|
wKšlsquo Ggb wKQy Afumlvm AvDaggerQ hv gyL I `vuDaggerZi macr^vDaggermacrrsquoumli Rbuml LyeB parawZKi| Gme
e`AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi bvbv aiDaggerYi mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q| GB AfumlvmcedilDaggerjvi gDaggerauml Avfrac12yj
daggerPvlv wRnŸampv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv ev daggerVjv dagger`Iqv daggerKvb mgmumlv bv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI gyL w`Daggerq wbkbrvbarvm
daggerbqv daggerVvuU I bL KvgovDaggerbv AbumlZg|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK| evev gv hw` GUv daggerLqvj KDaggerib ZDaggere wkiumlDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere daggerh Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv Lvivc| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz nDaggerq hvq ADaggerbK mgq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bvI coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Open bite) bxDaggerPi
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daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZcedilDaggerjv msKzwPZ nDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK hZUzKz daggerXDaggerK ivLv
DwPZ Zv KDaggerg daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerbvi ci I hw` Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm bv KDaggerg ZDaggere wkiumli 2-3 eQi eqm
chcopyšmdash ADaggercparav KiDaggerZ nDaggere| ADaggerbK mgq 3 eQi eqDaggermi ci wkiumli GB Afumlvm PDaggerj hvq|
ZviciI hw` wkiuml G Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere GKRb AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12
civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| wPwKrmK `iKvi gDaggerb nDaggerj daggerKvb Appliance ev hšiquest w`Daggereb hv
wkiumlDaggerK GB Afumlvm `~i KiDaggerZ mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wkiumli hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK ZDaggere DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DPuy nDaggerq hvq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bv coDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerivMx gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri
wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq Avcbvi daggermvbvgwbi hw` Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml
parawZKi ZDaggere cOuml_DaggergB ZvDaggerK eySvb| ZvDaggerZ KvR bv nDaggerj Aemacrrsquov hvDaggerZ AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv
hvq daggermRbuml AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy Kisbquob|
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OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
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CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
57
KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
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GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
60
ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
61
daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
24
KviYmg~n hw` KvDaggeriv gvDaggerS dagger`LDaggerZ cvB ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY
KiDaggerZ ewj|
hLb KvDaggeriv gv_vq PzDaggerji cwigvb macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ Kg _vDaggerK ZLb ZvDaggerK KZB bv
`ywethšmdashv MOumlmacr mdash dagger`Lvq| gv_vi Pzjwenxb dvuKv macrrsquovb wKfvDaggere `~i Kiv hvq Zv wbDaggerq daggerhb wPšmdashvi daggerkl
_vDaggerK bv| wVK daggerZgwbfvDaggere wKQy gvbyDaggerli `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMv dagger`Lv hvq| ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcirc
Zviv Abuml gvbyDaggerli mvgDaggerb K_v ejDaggerZ GgbwK cOumlvb LyDaggerj nvmDaggerZI Amacr^wmacrmdash daggereva KDaggeri| hviv dvuKv
`vuDaggerZi mgmumlv fyMDaggerQb ZvDagger`i `ywethšmdashvi w`b daggerkl| ADagger_copyvWbwUKm wPwKrmvi KjumlvDaggerb dvuKv
`vuDaggerZi wPwKrmv GLb Avi daggerKvb mgmumlvB bq|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy
wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
25
mvaviY ADagger_copy Spacing ejDaggerZ Avgiv dvuKv macrrsquovb eywS| wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi fvlvq hLb
g yDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb daggerKvb `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMv _vDaggerK ZLb ZvDaggerK Spacing eDaggerj|
cOumlKviDaggerf` t Spacing `yB aiDaggerYi nDaggerq _vDaggerK|
1) Generalized Spacing daggerPvqvDaggerji me ev AwaKvsk `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv
_vKDaggerj|
2) Localized Spacing `yB ev ZDaggerZvwaK `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerj|
DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `ywU `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerj ZvDaggerK Median
Diastema eDaggerj|
Spacing ev dvuKvi KviY t
1 daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq `vuDaggerZi AvKvi hw` daggerQvU nq
2 RbyenMZfvDaggere daggerKvb `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKDaggerj|
3 Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj|
4 DaggerKvb `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AwZ paraz`ordf nDaggerj|
5 `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerj|
6 wmdivide wUDgvi _vKDaggerj|
7 wRnŸv eo _vKDaggerj| (macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ)
8 `vuZ wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK NyDaggeri daggerMDaggerj
9 GQvov daggerVuvU ev MvDaggerji KviDaggerY A_ev AwZwisup3 daggerKvb `vuZ gyDaggerL _vKDaggerj Zv cvDaggerki
`vuZDaggerK Pressure w`Daggerq mwiDaggerq Spacing KDaggeri|
Spacing wKfvDaggere wbYcopyq Kiv nq t
K) DaggerivMxi gyL MnŸi chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri
L) DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZiƒc ev Model dagger`DaggerL
M) x-ray dagger`DaggerL|
26
Spacing Gi Amyweav mg~nt
duvKv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI daggerivMxi Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv K_v ejvi
mgq daggerKvb daggerKvb katilde macruacuteoacutefvDaggere D‛PviDaggerY mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt
Spacing Gi wPwKrmv Kivi c~Daggerecopy daggerivMxi BwZnvm fvDaggerjvfvDaggere RvbDaggerZ nDaggere Ges
Spacing Gi mcurrencentveuml KviY mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggerZ nDaggere| hw` daggerivMxi Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK
hvi Rbuml `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMvi mbdquowoacute nDagger‛Q ZDaggere daggermB Afumlvm ev` dagger`qvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| ZviciI hw` daggerivMx Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere Habit breaking
appliance eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere| daggerKvb
TumourCyst _vKDaggerj Zv AcmviY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Spacing hw` Lye mvgvbuml cwigvDaggerY nq
Ges daggerivMxi hw` daggerKvb AwfDaggerhvM bv _vDaggerK ZDaggere wPwKrmv bv KivDaggerj I PDaggerj| ZDaggere Spacing
ADaggerbK daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontics wPwKrmv jvMDaggere| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri
wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wK aiDaggerYi wPwKrmv w`Daggereb| Spacing wVK Kivi Rbuml yB aiDaggerYi hšiquest ev
appliance use Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Removable Appliance)
Orthodontist `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ Fixed KDaggeri Appliance wU jvwMDaggerq w`Daggereb
(Fixed appliance) hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggerebv|
hw` `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mvgvbuml dvuKv _vDaggerK ZDaggere `vuDaggerZi iDaggerOi mvDagger_ wgwjDaggerq Filling Kiv
daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
GQvov gyDaggerLi Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS KhellipwIcircg `vuZ ewmDaggerq I Spacing Correction Kiv hvq| DaggerZv
Avcbvi hw` _vDaggerK dvuKv `vuDaggerZi mgmumlv ZDaggere PDaggerj Avmyb AwfAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ| wPwKrmv
KwiDaggerq `vuDaggerZi dvuKv wVK Kisbquob cOumlvY LyDaggerj nvmyb Avi nDaggerq DVyb AvKlcopyYxq|
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mvaviYfvDaggere Crowding ejDaggerZ daggerKvb wKQyi AvwaKumlDaggerK daggerevSvq| wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi
fvlvq gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKvi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi macr^vfvweK webumlvm evavMOumlmacrrsquo nDaggerq daggerh
wekbdquoldquoLjZv mbdquowoacute nq ZvDaggerK Crowding eDaggerj|
KviYmg~nt wewfbœ KviDaggerY gyDaggerL Crowding nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Zvi gDaggerauml DDaggerjshyLDaggerhvMuml
KviYmg~n bxDaggerP Dagger`qv njt
1 gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AvKhellipwZi mvgAumlmuml bv _vKDaggerj|
2 `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj|
3 `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi ADaggerbK AvDaggerM cDaggero daggerMDaggerj
4 macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVDaggerZ dagger`ix nDaggerj
5 AvNvZ daggercDaggerj
6 DaggerKvb `vuZ evowZ _vKDaggerj
7 Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj
28
8 daggerPvqvj macr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes bv daggercDaggerj
Crowding wbYcopyqt
1 daggerivMxi gyLMnŸi chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri|
2 DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Model ev cOumlwZiƒc dagger`DaggerL
3 GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL|
Crowding Gi djvdj t
`vuDaggerZi Dci cOumlfvet Gi dDaggerj `vuZ Zvi wbDaggerRi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK NyDaggeri daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri
`vuZ daggernDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri GgbwK daggerKvb daggerKvb `vuZ bvI DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Dci cOumlfve t
1 DaggerivMx mvgvwRKfvDaggere wewfbœ mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
2 DaggermŠrsaquo`hcopynvwb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
3 `vuZ wVKgZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ bv cvivi KviDaggerY `vuZ I gvwoi wewfbœ daggerivDaggerM Avmicrovšmdash
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
4 nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmv t
1 cOumlwZDaggerivag~jK eumlemacrrsquovt
hw` daggerivMxi cwievDaggeri KvDaggeriv `vuDaggerZ Crowding _vDaggerK ZDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist-Gi chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ covi mwVK mgq bv Avmv chcopyšmdash `ya `vuZDaggerK msiparaY Kivi daggerPoacutev KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggerKvb paraqDaggerivM dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerZ daggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml
boacute bv nq|
Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj ZumlvM KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ mwVK mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj Zv wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq daggerdDaggerj dagger`qvi eumlemacrrsquov KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
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gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere avivevwnKfvDaggere wbw`copyoacute wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerK
wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi fvlvq Serial extraction ejv nq|
2 msDaggerkvab g~jK eumlemacrrsquov t
K) DaggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml evovDaggerbv
DaggerPvqvjDaggerK cOumlmvwiZ Kiv
mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK wKQyUv DuPz Kiv
Daggergvjvi `vuZDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerUDaggerb Daggerbqv
vuDaggerZi AvKvi daggerQvU KDaggeri daggerdjv
`vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjv t
Crowding Gi cwigvY Lye daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontist wVK KiDaggereb daggerKvb `vuZwU
daggerdjDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
Crowding Lye daggerewk nDaggerj ev gvSvwi aiDaggerYi nDaggerj Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggerq
Removable ev Fixed daggerh daggerKvb GK aiDaggerYi appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggereb|
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Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi
msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy AvDaggerm| wKšlsquo daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` DcDaggerii cvwUcopyi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy bv
AvDaggerm Ges Gi dDaggerj DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi cvwUcopyi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mecopy`v dvuKv macrrsquovb _vDaggerK Ges gyL
mcurrenuacute~YcopyiƒDaggerc eUuml bv nq ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Open Bite eDaggerj|
mvaviYfvDaggere Open Bite ejDaggerZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi
Kvgo bv jvMvDaggerK daggerevSvq|
Open bite mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ ev wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Open Bite Gi KviY
mg~nt Avfrac12yj weDaggerkl KDaggeri ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Open bite nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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wRnŸv macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ eo _vKDaggerj ev hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjvavdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm
_vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS _vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi
DcDaggerii AsDaggerk (occlusal surface) -G _vDaggerK ZDaggere Open Bite nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
G Qvov daggerivMx hw` Bony Dysplasia Congenital wmwdwjm BZumlvw` daggerivDaggerM fyDaggerM
_vDaggerK ZDaggereI Open bite Gi mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt Open bite Gi wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml mecopycOuml_g daggerivMxDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOuml_Daggerg Open bite nevi KviY
mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggereb| hw` daggerivMxi Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK
ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm `~i Kivi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb
KDaggerib ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm ~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance)
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib daggerivMxDaggerK|
Open bite hw` gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj hvq ZDaggere Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontic
appliance eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri hv Fixed ev Removable daggerh daggerKvb iKgB
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
hw` daggerPvqvDaggerji nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Open bite dagger`Lv hvq Ges daggerivMxi eqm hw` 6-12 eQi
nq ZDaggere Chin cap (Chin cap bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi ev bxDaggerPi w`DaggerKi ebdquowtimes
nIqvDaggerK cOumlwZDaggeriva KDaggeri) Gi mvDagger_ High pull head gear eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nevi ci Ges macrrsquovqx `vuZ me DVvi ci daggerPvqvDaggerji Amacr^vfvweK
ebdquowtimesRwbZ KviDaggerY daggerh Open bite nq Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Surgery Kiv DaggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq KvDaggeriv Open bite Gi mgmumlv _vKDaggerj AvovDaggerj Zvi mgvDaggerjvPbv bv
KDaggeri AvgvDagger`i mKDaggerji DwPZ ZvDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ
ejv| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cieZcopyx KiYxq mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy ejDaggerZ cviDaggereb| Zvui
civgkcopy Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY KiDaggerj Open bite wbivgq Kiv mcurrencente|
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`šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv Class II Malocclusion DaggerK `yB fvDaggerM fvM KDaggeriDaggerQb|
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion
2 Class II division 2 malocclusion
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion t
hw` KvDaggeriv daggerclY `vuDaggerZi mcurrenuacuteKcopy (Molar relation) Class II _vDaggerK Ges DcDaggerii
DaggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZ cedilDaggerjv DPz _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv Class II Division 1 Gi Ašmdashfycopysup3|
Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK
(Convex profile) DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ daggerewk daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL
DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK daggerewk mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| `vuZ DuPz nevi KviDaggerY
daggerivMx ADaggerbK mgq `yB daggerVuvU eUuml KiDaggerZ cvDaggeribv|
33
2 Class II division 2 Malocclusion
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc Molar Relation Class II _vKDaggere A_copyvr DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev
Molar `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev Molar `vuDaggerZi dagger_DaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ mvgDaggerb
Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv wKQyUv wfZDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb
KiDaggere| mvaviYZ DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj GKB iKg AemacrrsquovDaggerb _vKDaggere (Straight Profile)
DcDaggerii `vuZcedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK cyDaggerivUv daggerXDaggerK ivLDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`ix bv KDaggeri GKRb Orthodontist daggerK Rvbvb|
Orthodontist wewfbœ chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri wPwKrmv ctimeswZ wVK KiDaggereb|
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Avcbvi AvDaggerk cvDaggerki gvbylcedilDaggerjvDaggerK GKUz fvDaggerjvfvDaggere jpara KiDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggereb daggerewki
fvM gvbyDaggerliB DcDaggeri daggerPvqvj Ges DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji
`vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ mvgvbuml GKUz mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK| Ges GUvB nDaggerjv macr^vfvweK| wKšlsquo wKQy gvbyDaggerli
daggerparaDaggerIcirc Gi DDaggereumlvUv dagger`Lv dagger`q| A_copyvr ZvDagger`i bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK _vDaggerK DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj ev DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ| GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi
fvlvq eDaggerj Class III malocclusion|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
`yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| 1Uv nDaggerjv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY| GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii
cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
35
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi
MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb dagger`DaggerL GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wKfvDaggere wPwKrmv KiDaggerj
daggerivMx mDaggerecopyvEumlg djvdj cvq|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion nq ZDaggere Orthodontic
Treatment A_copyvr iumlaygvIcirc Brace cwoDaggerqB wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere evošmdash ev cwiYZ daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB| ZDaggere Lye daggerewk eqDaggerm wPwKrmv KivDaggerj wPwKrmvi mgq daggereDaggero hvDaggere|
hw` evošmdash eqDaggerm nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion dagger`Lv dagger`q ZDaggere
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvjDaggerK mvgDaggerb Avbvi Rbuml ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvjDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerbqvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK wewfbœ
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aiDaggerYi hšiquest dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri eumlenvDaggerii Rbuml| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Face Mask Chin Cap DDaggerjshyL
daggerhvMuml|
hw` cwiYZ eqDaggerm gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerqi Class III malocclusion hv nvDaggerii MVDaggerbi
KviDaggerY nDaggerqDaggerQ Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ ZDaggere kjuml wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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evBgumlvmiddot
evBgvmiddot `y aiDaggerbi nq| evBgumlvwmiddotjvix cOumlUzordfmb Ges evBgumlvwmiddot jvix cOumlwKnotDaggerbmb| wK KwVb
katilde| Avmyb Lye mnDaggerR daggerRDaggerb daggerbB `uvZ I gvwoi Avi GK mgmumlv hvi bvg evBgvmiddot|
evBgumlvmiddot mgmumlvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj wKsev `uvZ wKsev DfqB mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK DPzu _vDaggerK| dDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv daggerVvU DPzu nDaggerq _vKv GgbwK gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ
cviv mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
mvavibZ `uvZ hw` Zzjbvg~jK fvDaggere eo GgbwK daggerPvqvj jcurren^v wKsev daggerXvK wMjvi mgq
wRnev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK Amacr^vfvweK fvDaggere `uvZDaggerK mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK daggerVjv w`Daggerj GB aiDaggerbi mgmumlv nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| NveovDaggerbvi wKQzB daggerbB GB mgmumlvi mgvavb Lye myrsaquo`i KDaggeri GK AwfAacute ADagger_copyDaggerWbwUdivide
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib| gDaggerb ivLDaggerZ nDaggere cOumlv_wgK Aemacrrsquovq GB mgmumlvi mgvavb KiDaggerj ZZUv RwUjZv nq
bv| eDaggerqvmwUuml KvDaggerji c~Daggere eDaggerqvmmwUuml KvDaggerji mgq Ges cDaggeri wPwKrmv eumlemacrrsquov cbdquo_K cbdquo_K nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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myrsaquo`Daggerii c~Rvix mKDaggerjB ZvB GB mgmumlv mgvavb KDaggeri
Avcwb nDaggerq DVyb myrsaquo`i `uvZ I nvwmi AwaKvix
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daggerMR `vuZ(High Canine) DPz KZcopyb `vuZ t
AvgvDagger`i gyDaggerL eqm 5 eQi chcopyšmdash daggerh 20 wU `vuZ _vDaggerK Zvi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ
_vDaggerK| eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ 20wU `ya `vuZ hLb cDaggero wMDaggerq macrrsquovqx `vuZ DDaggerV ZLbI daggergvU
32wU `vuDaggerZi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ _vDaggerK| G KZcopyb `uvZcedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi 4wU daggerKvbvq AewmacrrsquoZ| ZvB
GDagger`iDaggerK Corner Stone of mouth eDaggerj| bvg iumlbDaggerjB daggerevSv hvq G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Lv`uml`ordfeumlDaggerK
KZcopyb KiDaggerZ Ges wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri| G `vuZ cedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK kwsup3kvjx| KviY G `vuDaggerZi
GbvDaggergDaggerji cyisbquoZiexcl Daggerewk Ges mvgDaggerbi 4wU `vuDaggerZi (Pecopyb `vuZ-Incisor tooth) ciciB
AewmacrrsquoZ| daggerKvb daggerKvb mgq wewfbœ KviY ekZt G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Zvi wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK wfbœ
AemacrrsquovDaggerb dagger`Lv hvq| hw` G `vuZcedilDaggerjv gvwoi gDaggerauml ev DcDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri ZLb ZvDaggerK
High Canine ev daggerMR `vuZ ejv nq| Avevi KLDaggerbv GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv Zvjyi w`K w`Daggerq DDaggerV|
ZLb GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK Palataly placed canine eDaggerj| Avevi KLDaggerbv I gvwo ev Zvjyi wfZDaggeri
G `vuZ Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| ZLb ZvDaggerK Impacted Canine ejv nq| GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi gDaggerauml
AZxe Risbquoix PviwU `vuZ| GB `vuZ daggerhgb Lv`uml`ordfeuml KZcopyb I wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri cvkvcvwk
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daggerPvqvDaggerji bovPovDaggerK wbqšiquestY KDaggeri| GB `vuZDaggerK Beauty tooth I ejv nq| ZvB G `vuDaggerZi
mvwietimesfvDaggere webumlvm LyeB Risbquoix|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ daggerh KDaggerqKwU mgmumlv ZzDaggerj aiv nDaggerjv G mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi mgvavb LyeB Risbquoix|
hw` daggerKD GiKg daggerKvb mgmumlvq fyDaggerM _vDaggerKb ZDaggere AwfAacute Orthodontist -B nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
Avcbvi myrsaquo`i nvwm wdwiDaggerq dagger`qvi cig eUumlz|
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daggerVvuU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerki wkiumlDagger`i GKwU AbumlZg
mgmumlv| wewfbœ MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv wMDaggerqDaggerQ cOumlwZ 700 RDaggerb 1 Rb daggerVvuU KvUv Ges cOumlwZ 1000 RDaggerb
1 Rb wkiuml Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| daggerVvuU KvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggerQDaggerj wkiumlDagger`i Ges
ZvjyKvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggergDaggerq-wkiumlDagger`i gvDaggerS|
wewfbœ KviDaggerY wkiuml daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri _vDaggerK| kZKiv 25 fvM daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GUv eskMZ KviDaggerY nDaggerq _vDaggerK| hw` 1 Rb ZvjyKvUv daggerivMx 1 Rb mymacrrsquo gvbylDaggerK weDaggerq KDaggeri ZDaggere
ZvDagger`i ev‛Pvi ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kivi mcurrencentvebv kZKiv 2 fvM|
Mfcopyvemacrrsquovi cOuml_g fvDaggerM gv hw` daggerKvb fvBivj BbDaggerdKkDaggerb Avmicrovšmdash nq ev kvixwiKfvDaggere
AvNvZcOumlvszlig nq ev niDaggergvDaggerbi fvimvgumlnxbZvq fyDaggerM ev wfUvwgDaggerbi AfvDaggere fyDaggerM _vDaggerK ev
daggeriwWDaggerqkDaggerb GmiddotDaggercvR nq ev _umlvwjDaggerWvgvBW RvZxq Ilya MOumlnY KDaggeri ZDaggere wkiumli daggerVvuU ev
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| KvDaggerQi AvZyenxq macr^RDaggerbi gvDaggerS weDaggerq nDaggerjI wkiuml G mgmumlv
wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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DaggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq wkiuml RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerj cwieviDaggerK bvbv aiDaggerYi mvgvwRK I gvbwmK
mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ nq| wkiuml hLb GB mgmumlv wbDaggerq eo nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZLb daggermI gvbwmKfvDaggere
nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ _vDaggerK| G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ K_v
ejDaggerZ I iumlbDaggerZ mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| `vuDaggerZi mgmumlvi gDaggerauml hv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Zvi gDaggerauml AbumlZg
nDagger‛Q-wewfbœ `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKv `vuZ wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV gyDaggerLi Abuml daggerKvb RvqMvq
DVv evowZ wKQy `vuZ _vKv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb ksup3 bv nIqv `vuDaggerZi MVb myrsaquo`i bv nIqv
gvwoi wewfbœ mgmumlv `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPy-bxPz nIqv|
daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv daggerivMxDagger`i wPwKrmv weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmKDagger`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutev Qvov mcurrencente
bq| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Orthodontist Gi f~wgKv iumlisbquo nq ev‛Pvi RDaggerbyeni ci ciB| daggerhDaggernZz daggerVvuU I
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv nq daggermRbuml wkiumli RDaggerbyeni ci ciB
gyDaggerLi wfZi covi Rbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b daggerhb wkiumli daggerLDaggerZ
daggerKvb mgmumlv bv nq|
kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wkiumli 3-6 gvm eqDaggerm daggerVvuU I 1-2 eQi eqDaggerm Zvjy wVK KiDaggerZ
nDaggere GKRb AwfAacute kjuml wPwKrmK Oslashviv| kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg daggerVvuU I Zvjy wVK Kivi ci
wkiumli DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj hvDaggerZ msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GK aiDaggerYi
Appliance ev hšiquest bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b|
wkiumli Mixed dentition stage (6-12 eQi eqm) -G gyDaggerL daggerKvb AwZwisup3 `vuZ
_vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GQvov mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Cross bite _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuZ
AvuKv evKv _vKDaggerj ev Molar ev daggerclY `vDaggerZi Relation wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere Removable ev Fixed appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo
KiDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
me macrrsquovqx `vuZ PDaggerj Avmvi ci macrrsquovqxfvDaggere daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Kvgo (Occlusion
improve) wVK Kivi Rbuml Fixed ev Removable appliance w`Daggerq Orthodontist
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb Ges daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggereb|
GB mgDaggerq gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyDaggerK wVK Kivi Rbuml cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj Bony Graft Kiv daggerhDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| Gi dDaggerj Orthodontic treatment Gi daggerh djvdj ZvI Aparazbœ _vKDaggere|
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daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLvi ci Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere daggerivMxDaggerK
Permanent Retainer bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv daggerivMxDaggerK me mgq cDaggero _vKDaggerZ nDaggere|
Amacrlsaquovi weRqx DaggerRvqvDaggerKb wdwbmiddot RDaggerbyeni mgq daggerVvuU KvuUv wQj
daggerVvuU KuvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv daggerKvb Awfkvc bq| mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg
GDaggerK mvwiDaggerq daggerZvjv mcurrencente| `iKvi iumlay mevi mDaggerPZbZv Avi mwVK mgDaggerq weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri daggerm Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY Kiv|
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ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerKvb eqDaggerm iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ Zv AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKiB ARvbv|
ADaggerbK AwffveKB eySDaggerZ cvDaggerib bv wkiumli ADagger_copyvWbwUK mgmumlvi Rbuml daggerKvb eqDaggerm
Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| AAacutevbZvi Rbuml ev Abuml daggerKvb wOslashav-OslashDaggerrsaquo`i
KviDaggerY Zviv ADaggerbK mgqB ADaggerbK dagger`ix KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb wPwKrmvi
Rbuml| dDaggerj wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc wPwKrmvi eumlvwszligKvj daggereDaggero hvq| wKQyDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK
chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc
wPwKrmvi djvdj Avkvbyiƒc nq bv| KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv KZUv
Risbquoix| GLb Avwg ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi eqm mxgv wbDaggerq AvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri AvcbvDagger`i
wKQyUv nDaggerjI aviYv dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev Kie|
AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerk ADaggerbK wkiumlB daggerVvuU ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| Kzmsmacrlsaquoviv‛Qbœ
gvbyliv GDaggerK Awfkvc ev fvDaggerMumli wjLb gDaggerb KDaggeri nvZ cv cedilwUDaggerq eDaggerm _vDaggerK daggerKvb wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri bv| wKšlsquo gDaggerb ivLDaggereb daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumli
AwffveKDagger`i DwPZ RDaggerbyeni ci ciB GKRb AwfAacute Orhodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY Kiv|
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KviY G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i RDaggerbyeni ciB cOumlavb I cOuml_g daggerh mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q Zv nDaggerjv Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mgmumlv| Orthodontist Gmgq GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv wkiumlDaggerK Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml LyeB parawZKi GKwU Afumlvm|
mvaviYZ `yB dagger_DaggerK wZb eQi eqDaggermi gDaggerauml Avcbv Avcwb wkiuml G AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KDaggeri daggerdDaggerj|
wKšlsquo ZviciI hw` wkiuml AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere AwffveKDagger`i Gi parawZKi w`KwU
mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere Ges microgvMZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv PjDaggerZ _vKDaggerj wkiumlDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj G AfumlvmwU
`~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance) bullZwi KDaggeri w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib
hvDaggerZ KDaggeri fwelumlDaggerZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi KviDaggerY wkiumli `vuDaggerZi webumlvm AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv hvq|
mvaviYZ 5-6 eQi eqm dagger_DaggerK wkiumlDagger`i `ya `vuZ coDaggerZ iumlisbquo KDaggeri| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK mgq
dagger`Lv hvq AvNvZ RwbZ paraq RwbZ ev Abuml daggerKvb daggerivDaggerMi KviDaggerY wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya
`vuZ cDaggero hvq ev daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| `vuZ covi ci daggerh dvuKv RvqMvwU _vDaggerK daggerm RvqMvwU ZLb
`yB cvDaggerki `vuZ w`Daggerq eUuml nDaggerq hvq| dDaggerj rsquovqx `vuZ DVvi Rbuml chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv daggercDaggerq
Amacr^vfvweK daggerKvb RvqMvq `vuZ DDaggerV Ges `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi mcurrencentvebv daggereDaggero hvq| GB dvuKv
macrrsquovbwU hvDaggerZ cvDaggerki `vuZ Oslashviv eUuml bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl hšiquest bullZwi
KDaggeri w`Daggereb hvDaggerK Space maintainer eDaggerj| KvDaggerRB daggerKvb `ya`vuZ hw` Zvi wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi
AvDaggerM cDaggero hvq ZDaggere dagger`ix bv KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi mvDagger_ dagger`Lv Kisbquob|
ADaggerbK ev‛PvDagger`i dagger`Lv hvq DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj daggerewk evoDaggerQ ev hZUzKz evovi K_v
ZZUzKz evoDaggerQ bv| Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc evošmdash eqDaggerm (6-12) Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cOumlDaggerqvRb AbymvDaggeri Face
mask ev Chin cap eumlenvi KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb hv ev‛Pvi DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimesDaggerK
mwVK AmacrrsquovDaggerb wbDaggerZ mnvqZv KiDaggere|
DaggerVuvU I ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i daggerVvuU I Zvjy kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wVK
Kivi ci mwVK mgq Orthodontist Gmiddotcvbmb macrŒz (Expansion screw) ZvjyDaggerZ jvwMDaggerq
dagger`b hvDaggerZ DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq| G wkiumlDagger`i 8-10 eQi eqDaggerm bone
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grafting Kivi Rbuml kjuml wPwKrmKDaggerK cOumlDaggerqvRbxq civgkcopy I mnvqZv w`Daggerq _vDaggerKb
Orthodontist|
6-12 eQi eqDaggerm hLb wkiumli gyDaggerL `ya I macrrsquovqx Dfq cOumlKvi `vuZ we`umlgvb ZLb hw`
`vuDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo (Cross bite) daggerewk Kvgo (Deep bite) dagger`Lv hvq ZDaggere
Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRbxq eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggereb hvDaggerZ fwelumlDaggerZ KvgocedilDaggerjv AvDaggeriv Lvivc -Gi w`DaggerK
bv hvq|
`ya `vuZ me cDaggero hvevi ci I macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVvi ci AvuKv evuKv DuPz -bxPz `vuZ wVK
Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS Removable Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ
ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere) ev Fixed Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere bv) w`Daggerq
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb|
ADaggerbDaggerKiB gDaggerbB cOumlkœ _vDaggerK daggerh daggerewk eqDaggerm Orthodontic wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere wKbv|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuZ nvo I GDagger`i mvDagger_ mcurrenuacuteKcopyhysup3 structure cedilDaggerjv fvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZDaggere daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv Kiv mcurrencente|
cOumlvszlig eqDaggerm hw` DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj hw` Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes daggercDaggerq _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv
wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj kjuml wPwKrmvi Oslashvimacrrsquo nDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi mdjZv wbfcopyi KDaggeri wPwKrmDaggerKi AwfAacuteZv daggerivMx I Zvi
AwffveDaggerKi mnDaggerhvwMZv I mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi Dci|
gDaggerb ivLDaggereb mgDaggerqi GK daggerdvuo AmgDaggerqi `k daggerdvuo| mwVK mgDaggerq mwVK KvRwU KiDaggerj
Avcwb daggerh djvdj cvDaggereb dagger`ix KDaggeri KvRwU KiDaggerj daggermB djvdj Avcwb bvI daggercDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
Avcbvi daggerKvb wbKURDaggerbi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj mwVK mgDaggerq Orthodontist
Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggerZ fyjDaggereb bv daggerhb|
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Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Dci Bracket
ev Brace covDaggerbv _vDaggerK| Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq
Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv wbDagger`kcopyvejx wVKgZ daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj wPwKrmv cieZcopyx RwUjZv dagger`Lv
dagger`evi mcurrencentvebv LyeB Kg|
Fixed Orthodontic treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq gyL I `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZ weDaggerkl hZœ wbDaggerZ
nDaggere| daggerhme welDaggerqi Dci daggerewk daggerewk bRi ivLDaggerZ nDaggere Zv bxDaggerP dagger`qv nDaggerjvt
1 daggerhw`b daggerivMxi gyDaggerL Bracket emvDaggerbv nDaggere Zvici dagger_DaggerK 24 NrsaquoUv chcopyšmdash ksup3 Lvevi
LvIqv DwPZ bq| GDaggerZ Bracket LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| H 24 NrsaquoUv Lye daggerRvDaggeri daggerRvDaggeri `vuZ
eordfvk Kiv I DwPZ bq| daggerivMx Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv civgkcopy Abyhvqx `vuZ eordfvk
KiDaggere I macr^vfvweK Lvevi LvDaggere|
2 Bracket covDaggerbvi 2-3 w`b chcopyšmdash daggerivMxi GKUz Amacr^wmacrmdash nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GDaggerZ fDaggerqi wKQy
daggerbB| gyDaggerL bZzb wKQy wRwbm emvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2-3 w`b ci Zv AfumlvDaggerm cwiYZ nDaggerq
hvDaggere|
3 cOumlwZevi Lvevi LvIqvi ci AekumlB `vuZ fvDaggerjvfvDaggere eordfvk KiDaggerZ nDaggere| mKvDaggerj I ivDaggerZ
daggerdnotvivBW hysup3 Uz_Daggercdivide w`Daggerq `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggere| Abumlvbuml mgq Uz_ daggercoacute Qvov eordfvk KiDaggerjI
PjDaggere|
4 cOumlwZ wZb (3) gvm ci ci Uz_eordfvk e`j KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Uz_eordfvDaggerki weordfmampjcedilDaggerjv daggerhb big
(Medium soft) nq Zv daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
5 Bracket ev appliance -Gi Dci bxDaggerP 45 daggerKvDaggerY eordfvk aDaggeri `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
6 Lye daggerRvDaggeri Pvc w`Daggerq eordfvk Kiv hvDaggere bv| GDaggerZ KDaggeri Appliance LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
7 `vuDaggerZi daggerh cvDaggerk Appliance AvDaggerQ daggermB cvDaggerk Appliance -Gi Dci AvjDaggerZvfvDaggere
NywiDaggerq NywiDaggerq eordfvk KDaggeri `vuZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| `vuDaggerZi Abumlvbuml cvkcedilDaggerjvI daggerhb
fvDaggerjvfvDaggere cwireglsaquovi Kiv nq daggermw`DaggerK daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
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8 cOumlwZevi Lvevi Gi ci eordfvk Kiv mcurrencente bv nDaggerj LyefvDaggerjv KDaggeri KzjKzwP KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
9 `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerSi gqjv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Dental Floss eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
DaggerKvb KvwV ev myuB w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerLvPvDaggerbv hvDaggere bv|
10 wRnŸv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Tongue Cleanser eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
11 cOumlDaggerqvRDaggerb fvDaggerjv Mouth Wash eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere ZDaggerewPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy
Abyhvqx|
12 `vuDaggerZi gvwo Avfrac12yj w`Daggerq Massage Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
13 daggerKvb appliance daggerfDaggerfrac12 daggerMDaggerj ev LyDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ev Appliance Gi KviDaggerY gyDaggerL daggerKvb
mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj dagger`ix bv KDaggeri mDaggerfrac12 mDaggerfrac12 Orthondontist-Gi civgkcopy wbDaggerZ nDaggere|
14 wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq ksup3 Lvevi (nvo AvL) LvIqv cwinvi KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
15 AvVvDaggerjv RvZxq Lvevi (PzBs Mvg) LvIqv ev` w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
16 daggercqviv AvDaggercj ev daggerh daggerKvb ksup3 Lvevi Kvgo w`Daggerq bv daggerLDaggerq daggerQvU daggerQvU UzKiv KDaggeri
daggerLDaggerZ nDaggere|
17 Orthodontist DaggerhfvDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK AvmDaggerZ ejDaggereb (1gvm ci ci) AekumlB Zv cvjb
KiDaggerZ nDaggere| bv nDaggerj daggerivMxi wPwKrmv daggerkl nDaggerZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi daggerewk jvMDaggere|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbPz `vuZ wVK Kivi Rbuml daggerhgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Oslashviv mwVK wPwKrmv daggerZgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerivMx Ges daggerivMxi AwffveDaggerKi
mnDaggerhvwMZv Ges Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy Abyhvqx Pjv| ZDaggereB DaggerivMx wPwKrmv DaggerkDaggerl cvDaggere
KvwldquoparaZ myrsaquo`i `vuZ|
49
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
50
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ dnotwms
51
daggerQvAElig GKwU evMvDaggerb hw` ADaggerbKcedilDaggerjv MvQ daggereDaggero DVDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZDaggere ADaggerbK MvDaggerQi macr^vfvweK ebdquowtimes
weboacute nq Ges evMvbwU wKQyw`b ci Nb Rfrac12Daggerj cwiYZ nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK| ZLb hw` daggermLvb
dagger_DaggerK wKQy MvQ daggerKDaggerU daggerdjv nq ZDaggere evMvbwUi evKxMvQcedilDaggerjv iparav daggercDaggerq macr^vfvweKfvDaggere daggereDaggero
DVDaggere|
daggerZgwb gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerh cwigvY RvqMv AvDaggerQ Zvi daggerPDaggerq hw` `vuDaggerZi msLumlv daggerewk wKsev
`vuZ Lye daggerekx AvuKv evKv DuPz `uvZ _vKDaggerj ZDaggere Zv wVK KDaggeri `vuZDaggerK mywebumlvmacrmdash myrsaquo`i KDaggeri
daggerZvjvi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgq daggerivMxi wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB daggerivMx ev
Zvi AwffveK `vuZ daggerZvjvi K_v iumlbDaggerj fq cvq| Zviv fvDaggere `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ ADaggerbK euml_v
jvMDaggere ev daggerPvDaggerLi daggereordfBDaggerbi hw` daggerKvb parawZ nq| Zviv Orthodontist daggerK `vuZ bv ZzDaggerj
wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml AbyDaggeriva KDaggeri _vDaggerK| wKšlsquo ZvDagger`i G mKj aviYv mcurrenuacute~Ycopy Ag~jK| `vuZ
ZzjDaggerj daggerPvDaggerLi ev daggereordfBDaggerbi daggerKvb parawZ nqbv| GKRb AwfAacute wPwKrmK ZvB KiDaggereb hv KiDaggerj
daggerivMxi wPwKrmv fvDaggerjvfvDaggere mcurrenuacutebœ nDaggere Ges daggerivMx I Zvi AwffveK mšlsquowoacute jvf KiDaggere| Avi
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM wbw copyoacute rsquovb fvDaggerjvfvDaggere Aek KDaggeri wbDaggerj Ges wPwKrmDaggerKi dagger`qv DcDagger`k `vuZ
daggerZvjvi w`b I cieZcopyx KDaggerqKw`b mwVKfvDaggere daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj `vuZ daggerZvjvi ci daggerivMxi daggerZgb daggerKvb
Amyweav nq bv ejDaggerjB PDaggerj|
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`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM
`vuZ daggerZvjvi cDaggeri
53
ADaggerbDaggerKB AvDaggerQb hviv ivDaggerZ NygvDaggerbvi AvDaggerM Ges mKvDaggerj bvmacrmdashv Lvevi ci `vuZ eordfvk
KDaggerib `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Kvj wejcurren^ bv KDaggeri `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggerib
`vuDaggerZi mymacrrsquoZvi Rbuml hv hv `iKvi Zviv Zv-B KDaggerib| GmeB nDaggerjv fvDaggerjv Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi
Rbuml LyeB DcKvix|
wKšlsquo Ggb wKQy Afumlvm AvDaggerQ hv gyL I `vuDaggerZi macr^vDaggermacrrsquoumli Rbuml LyeB parawZKi| Gme
e`AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi bvbv aiDaggerYi mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q| GB AfumlvmcedilDaggerjvi gDaggerauml Avfrac12yj
daggerPvlv wRnŸampv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv ev daggerVjv dagger`Iqv daggerKvb mgmumlv bv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI gyL w`Daggerq wbkbrvbarvm
daggerbqv daggerVvuU I bL KvgovDaggerbv AbumlZg|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK| evev gv hw` GUv daggerLqvj KDaggerib ZDaggere wkiumlDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere daggerh Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv Lvivc| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz nDaggerq hvq ADaggerbK mgq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bvI coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Open bite) bxDaggerPi
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daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZcedilDaggerjv msKzwPZ nDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK hZUzKz daggerXDaggerK ivLv
DwPZ Zv KDaggerg daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerbvi ci I hw` Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm bv KDaggerg ZDaggere wkiumli 2-3 eQi eqm
chcopyšmdash ADaggercparav KiDaggerZ nDaggere| ADaggerbK mgq 3 eQi eqDaggermi ci wkiumli GB Afumlvm PDaggerj hvq|
ZviciI hw` wkiuml G Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere GKRb AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12
civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| wPwKrmK `iKvi gDaggerb nDaggerj daggerKvb Appliance ev hšiquest w`Daggereb hv
wkiumlDaggerK GB Afumlvm `~i KiDaggerZ mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wkiumli hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK ZDaggere DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DPuy nDaggerq hvq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bv coDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerivMx gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri
wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq Avcbvi daggermvbvgwbi hw` Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml
parawZKi ZDaggere cOuml_DaggergB ZvDaggerK eySvb| ZvDaggerZ KvR bv nDaggerj Aemacrrsquov hvDaggerZ AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv
hvq daggermRbuml AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy Kisbquob|
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OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
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CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
57
KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
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GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
60
ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
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daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
25
mvaviY ADagger_copy Spacing ejDaggerZ Avgiv dvuKv macrrsquovb eywS| wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi fvlvq hLb
g yDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb daggerKvb `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMv _vDaggerK ZLb ZvDaggerK Spacing eDaggerj|
cOumlKviDaggerf` t Spacing `yB aiDaggerYi nDaggerq _vDaggerK|
1) Generalized Spacing daggerPvqvDaggerji me ev AwaKvsk `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv
_vKDaggerj|
2) Localized Spacing `yB ev ZDaggerZvwaK `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerj|
DcDaggerii cvwUi mvgDaggerbi `ywU `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerj ZvDaggerK Median
Diastema eDaggerj|
Spacing ev dvuKvi KviY t
1 daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq `vuDaggerZi AvKvi hw` daggerQvU nq
2 RbyenMZfvDaggere daggerKvb `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKDaggerj|
3 Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj|
4 DaggerKvb `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AwZ paraz`ordf nDaggerj|
5 `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerj|
6 wmdivide wUDgvi _vKDaggerj|
7 wRnŸv eo _vKDaggerj| (macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ)
8 `vuZ wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK NyDaggeri daggerMDaggerj
9 GQvov daggerVuvU ev MvDaggerji KviDaggerY A_ev AwZwisup3 daggerKvb `vuZ gyDaggerL _vKDaggerj Zv cvDaggerki
`vuZDaggerK Pressure w`Daggerq mwiDaggerq Spacing KDaggeri|
Spacing wKfvDaggere wbYcopyq Kiv nq t
K) DaggerivMxi gyL MnŸi chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri
L) DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZiƒc ev Model dagger`DaggerL
M) x-ray dagger`DaggerL|
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Spacing Gi Amyweav mg~nt
duvKv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI daggerivMxi Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv K_v ejvi
mgq daggerKvb daggerKvb katilde macruacuteoacutefvDaggere D‛PviDaggerY mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt
Spacing Gi wPwKrmv Kivi c~Daggerecopy daggerivMxi BwZnvm fvDaggerjvfvDaggere RvbDaggerZ nDaggere Ges
Spacing Gi mcurrencentveuml KviY mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggerZ nDaggere| hw` daggerivMxi Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK
hvi Rbuml `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMvi mbdquowoacute nDagger‛Q ZDaggere daggermB Afumlvm ev` dagger`qvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| ZviciI hw` daggerivMx Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere Habit breaking
appliance eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere| daggerKvb
TumourCyst _vKDaggerj Zv AcmviY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Spacing hw` Lye mvgvbuml cwigvDaggerY nq
Ges daggerivMxi hw` daggerKvb AwfDaggerhvM bv _vDaggerK ZDaggere wPwKrmv bv KivDaggerj I PDaggerj| ZDaggere Spacing
ADaggerbK daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontics wPwKrmv jvMDaggere| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri
wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wK aiDaggerYi wPwKrmv w`Daggereb| Spacing wVK Kivi Rbuml yB aiDaggerYi hšiquest ev
appliance use Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Removable Appliance)
Orthodontist `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ Fixed KDaggeri Appliance wU jvwMDaggerq w`Daggereb
(Fixed appliance) hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggerebv|
hw` `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mvgvbuml dvuKv _vDaggerK ZDaggere `vuDaggerZi iDaggerOi mvDagger_ wgwjDaggerq Filling Kiv
daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
GQvov gyDaggerLi Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS KhellipwIcircg `vuZ ewmDaggerq I Spacing Correction Kiv hvq| DaggerZv
Avcbvi hw` _vDaggerK dvuKv `vuDaggerZi mgmumlv ZDaggere PDaggerj Avmyb AwfAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ| wPwKrmv
KwiDaggerq `vuDaggerZi dvuKv wVK Kisbquob cOumlvY LyDaggerj nvmyb Avi nDaggerq DVyb AvKlcopyYxq|
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mvaviYfvDaggere Crowding ejDaggerZ daggerKvb wKQyi AvwaKumlDaggerK daggerevSvq| wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi
fvlvq gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKvi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi macr^vfvweK webumlvm evavMOumlmacrrsquo nDaggerq daggerh
wekbdquoldquoLjZv mbdquowoacute nq ZvDaggerK Crowding eDaggerj|
KviYmg~nt wewfbœ KviDaggerY gyDaggerL Crowding nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Zvi gDaggerauml DDaggerjshyLDaggerhvMuml
KviYmg~n bxDaggerP Dagger`qv njt
1 gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AvKhellipwZi mvgAumlmuml bv _vKDaggerj|
2 `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj|
3 `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi ADaggerbK AvDaggerM cDaggero daggerMDaggerj
4 macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVDaggerZ dagger`ix nDaggerj
5 AvNvZ daggercDaggerj
6 DaggerKvb `vuZ evowZ _vKDaggerj
7 Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj
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8 daggerPvqvj macr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes bv daggercDaggerj
Crowding wbYcopyqt
1 daggerivMxi gyLMnŸi chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri|
2 DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Model ev cOumlwZiƒc dagger`DaggerL
3 GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL|
Crowding Gi djvdj t
`vuDaggerZi Dci cOumlfvet Gi dDaggerj `vuZ Zvi wbDaggerRi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK NyDaggeri daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri
`vuZ daggernDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri GgbwK daggerKvb daggerKvb `vuZ bvI DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Dci cOumlfve t
1 DaggerivMx mvgvwRKfvDaggere wewfbœ mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
2 DaggermŠrsaquo`hcopynvwb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
3 `vuZ wVKgZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ bv cvivi KviDaggerY `vuZ I gvwoi wewfbœ daggerivDaggerM Avmicrovšmdash
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
4 nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmv t
1 cOumlwZDaggerivag~jK eumlemacrrsquovt
hw` daggerivMxi cwievDaggeri KvDaggeriv `vuDaggerZ Crowding _vDaggerK ZDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist-Gi chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ covi mwVK mgq bv Avmv chcopyšmdash `ya `vuZDaggerK msiparaY Kivi daggerPoacutev KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggerKvb paraqDaggerivM dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerZ daggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml
boacute bv nq|
Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj ZumlvM KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ mwVK mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj Zv wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq daggerdDaggerj dagger`qvi eumlemacrrsquov KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
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gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere avivevwnKfvDaggere wbw`copyoacute wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerK
wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi fvlvq Serial extraction ejv nq|
2 msDaggerkvab g~jK eumlemacrrsquov t
K) DaggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml evovDaggerbv
DaggerPvqvjDaggerK cOumlmvwiZ Kiv
mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK wKQyUv DuPz Kiv
Daggergvjvi `vuZDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerUDaggerb Daggerbqv
vuDaggerZi AvKvi daggerQvU KDaggeri daggerdjv
`vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjv t
Crowding Gi cwigvY Lye daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontist wVK KiDaggereb daggerKvb `vuZwU
daggerdjDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
Crowding Lye daggerewk nDaggerj ev gvSvwi aiDaggerYi nDaggerj Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggerq
Removable ev Fixed daggerh daggerKvb GK aiDaggerYi appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggereb|
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Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi
msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy AvDaggerm| wKšlsquo daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` DcDaggerii cvwUcopyi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy bv
AvDaggerm Ges Gi dDaggerj DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi cvwUcopyi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mecopy`v dvuKv macrrsquovb _vDaggerK Ges gyL
mcurrenuacute~YcopyiƒDaggerc eUuml bv nq ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Open Bite eDaggerj|
mvaviYfvDaggere Open Bite ejDaggerZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi
Kvgo bv jvMvDaggerK daggerevSvq|
Open bite mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ ev wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Open Bite Gi KviY
mg~nt Avfrac12yj weDaggerkl KDaggeri ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Open bite nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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wRnŸv macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ eo _vKDaggerj ev hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjvavdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm
_vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS _vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi
DcDaggerii AsDaggerk (occlusal surface) -G _vDaggerK ZDaggere Open Bite nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
G Qvov daggerivMx hw` Bony Dysplasia Congenital wmwdwjm BZumlvw` daggerivDaggerM fyDaggerM
_vDaggerK ZDaggereI Open bite Gi mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt Open bite Gi wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml mecopycOuml_g daggerivMxDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOuml_Daggerg Open bite nevi KviY
mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggereb| hw` daggerivMxi Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK
ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm `~i Kivi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb
KDaggerib ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm ~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance)
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib daggerivMxDaggerK|
Open bite hw` gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj hvq ZDaggere Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontic
appliance eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri hv Fixed ev Removable daggerh daggerKvb iKgB
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
hw` daggerPvqvDaggerji nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Open bite dagger`Lv hvq Ges daggerivMxi eqm hw` 6-12 eQi
nq ZDaggere Chin cap (Chin cap bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi ev bxDaggerPi w`DaggerKi ebdquowtimes
nIqvDaggerK cOumlwZDaggeriva KDaggeri) Gi mvDagger_ High pull head gear eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nevi ci Ges macrrsquovqx `vuZ me DVvi ci daggerPvqvDaggerji Amacr^vfvweK
ebdquowtimesRwbZ KviDaggerY daggerh Open bite nq Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Surgery Kiv DaggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq KvDaggeriv Open bite Gi mgmumlv _vKDaggerj AvovDaggerj Zvi mgvDaggerjvPbv bv
KDaggeri AvgvDagger`i mKDaggerji DwPZ ZvDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ
ejv| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cieZcopyx KiYxq mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy ejDaggerZ cviDaggereb| Zvui
civgkcopy Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY KiDaggerj Open bite wbivgq Kiv mcurrencente|
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`šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv Class II Malocclusion DaggerK `yB fvDaggerM fvM KDaggeriDaggerQb|
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion
2 Class II division 2 malocclusion
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion t
hw` KvDaggeriv daggerclY `vuDaggerZi mcurrenuacuteKcopy (Molar relation) Class II _vDaggerK Ges DcDaggerii
DaggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZ cedilDaggerjv DPz _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv Class II Division 1 Gi Ašmdashfycopysup3|
Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK
(Convex profile) DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ daggerewk daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL
DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK daggerewk mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| `vuZ DuPz nevi KviDaggerY
daggerivMx ADaggerbK mgq `yB daggerVuvU eUuml KiDaggerZ cvDaggeribv|
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2 Class II division 2 Malocclusion
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc Molar Relation Class II _vKDaggere A_copyvr DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev
Molar `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev Molar `vuDaggerZi dagger_DaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ mvgDaggerb
Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv wKQyUv wfZDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb
KiDaggere| mvaviYZ DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj GKB iKg AemacrrsquovDaggerb _vKDaggere (Straight Profile)
DcDaggerii `vuZcedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK cyDaggerivUv daggerXDaggerK ivLDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`ix bv KDaggeri GKRb Orthodontist daggerK Rvbvb|
Orthodontist wewfbœ chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri wPwKrmv ctimeswZ wVK KiDaggereb|
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Avcbvi AvDaggerk cvDaggerki gvbylcedilDaggerjvDaggerK GKUz fvDaggerjvfvDaggere jpara KiDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggereb daggerewki
fvM gvbyDaggerliB DcDaggeri daggerPvqvj Ges DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji
`vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ mvgvbuml GKUz mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK| Ges GUvB nDaggerjv macr^vfvweK| wKšlsquo wKQy gvbyDaggerli
daggerparaDaggerIcirc Gi DDaggereumlvUv dagger`Lv dagger`q| A_copyvr ZvDagger`i bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK _vDaggerK DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj ev DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ| GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi
fvlvq eDaggerj Class III malocclusion|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
`yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| 1Uv nDaggerjv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY| GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii
cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi
MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb dagger`DaggerL GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wKfvDaggere wPwKrmv KiDaggerj
daggerivMx mDaggerecopyvEumlg djvdj cvq|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion nq ZDaggere Orthodontic
Treatment A_copyvr iumlaygvIcirc Brace cwoDaggerqB wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere evošmdash ev cwiYZ daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB| ZDaggere Lye daggerewk eqDaggerm wPwKrmv KivDaggerj wPwKrmvi mgq daggereDaggero hvDaggere|
hw` evošmdash eqDaggerm nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion dagger`Lv dagger`q ZDaggere
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvjDaggerK mvgDaggerb Avbvi Rbuml ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvjDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerbqvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK wewfbœ
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aiDaggerYi hšiquest dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri eumlenvDaggerii Rbuml| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Face Mask Chin Cap DDaggerjshyL
daggerhvMuml|
hw` cwiYZ eqDaggerm gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerqi Class III malocclusion hv nvDaggerii MVDaggerbi
KviDaggerY nDaggerqDaggerQ Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ ZDaggere kjuml wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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evBgumlvmiddot
evBgvmiddot `y aiDaggerbi nq| evBgumlvwmiddotjvix cOumlUzordfmb Ges evBgumlvwmiddot jvix cOumlwKnotDaggerbmb| wK KwVb
katilde| Avmyb Lye mnDaggerR daggerRDaggerb daggerbB `uvZ I gvwoi Avi GK mgmumlv hvi bvg evBgvmiddot|
evBgumlvmiddot mgmumlvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj wKsev `uvZ wKsev DfqB mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK DPzu _vDaggerK| dDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv daggerVvU DPzu nDaggerq _vKv GgbwK gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ
cviv mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
mvavibZ `uvZ hw` Zzjbvg~jK fvDaggere eo GgbwK daggerPvqvj jcurren^v wKsev daggerXvK wMjvi mgq
wRnev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK Amacr^vfvweK fvDaggere `uvZDaggerK mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK daggerVjv w`Daggerj GB aiDaggerbi mgmumlv nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| NveovDaggerbvi wKQzB daggerbB GB mgmumlvi mgvavb Lye myrsaquo`i KDaggeri GK AwfAacute ADagger_copyDaggerWbwUdivide
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib| gDaggerb ivLDaggerZ nDaggere cOumlv_wgK Aemacrrsquovq GB mgmumlvi mgvavb KiDaggerj ZZUv RwUjZv nq
bv| eDaggerqvmwUuml KvDaggerji c~Daggere eDaggerqvmmwUuml KvDaggerji mgq Ges cDaggeri wPwKrmv eumlemacrrsquov cbdquo_K cbdquo_K nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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myrsaquo`Daggerii c~Rvix mKDaggerjB ZvB GB mgmumlv mgvavb KDaggeri
Avcwb nDaggerq DVyb myrsaquo`i `uvZ I nvwmi AwaKvix
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daggerMR `vuZ(High Canine) DPz KZcopyb `vuZ t
AvgvDagger`i gyDaggerL eqm 5 eQi chcopyšmdash daggerh 20 wU `vuZ _vDaggerK Zvi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ
_vDaggerK| eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ 20wU `ya `vuZ hLb cDaggero wMDaggerq macrrsquovqx `vuZ DDaggerV ZLbI daggergvU
32wU `vuDaggerZi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ _vDaggerK| G KZcopyb `uvZcedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi 4wU daggerKvbvq AewmacrrsquoZ| ZvB
GDagger`iDaggerK Corner Stone of mouth eDaggerj| bvg iumlbDaggerjB daggerevSv hvq G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Lv`uml`ordfeumlDaggerK
KZcopyb KiDaggerZ Ges wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri| G `vuZ cedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK kwsup3kvjx| KviY G `vuDaggerZi
GbvDaggergDaggerji cyisbquoZiexcl Daggerewk Ges mvgDaggerbi 4wU `vuDaggerZi (Pecopyb `vuZ-Incisor tooth) ciciB
AewmacrrsquoZ| daggerKvb daggerKvb mgq wewfbœ KviY ekZt G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Zvi wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK wfbœ
AemacrrsquovDaggerb dagger`Lv hvq| hw` G `vuZcedilDaggerjv gvwoi gDaggerauml ev DcDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri ZLb ZvDaggerK
High Canine ev daggerMR `vuZ ejv nq| Avevi KLDaggerbv GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv Zvjyi w`K w`Daggerq DDaggerV|
ZLb GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK Palataly placed canine eDaggerj| Avevi KLDaggerbv I gvwo ev Zvjyi wfZDaggeri
G `vuZ Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| ZLb ZvDaggerK Impacted Canine ejv nq| GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi gDaggerauml
AZxe Risbquoix PviwU `vuZ| GB `vuZ daggerhgb Lv`uml`ordfeuml KZcopyb I wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri cvkvcvwk
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daggerPvqvDaggerji bovPovDaggerK wbqšiquestY KDaggeri| GB `vuZDaggerK Beauty tooth I ejv nq| ZvB G `vuDaggerZi
mvwietimesfvDaggere webumlvm LyeB Risbquoix|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ daggerh KDaggerqKwU mgmumlv ZzDaggerj aiv nDaggerjv G mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi mgvavb LyeB Risbquoix|
hw` daggerKD GiKg daggerKvb mgmumlvq fyDaggerM _vDaggerKb ZDaggere AwfAacute Orthodontist -B nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
Avcbvi myrsaquo`i nvwm wdwiDaggerq dagger`qvi cig eUumlz|
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daggerVvuU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerki wkiumlDagger`i GKwU AbumlZg
mgmumlv| wewfbœ MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv wMDaggerqDaggerQ cOumlwZ 700 RDaggerb 1 Rb daggerVvuU KvUv Ges cOumlwZ 1000 RDaggerb
1 Rb wkiuml Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| daggerVvuU KvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggerQDaggerj wkiumlDagger`i Ges
ZvjyKvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggergDaggerq-wkiumlDagger`i gvDaggerS|
wewfbœ KviDaggerY wkiuml daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri _vDaggerK| kZKiv 25 fvM daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GUv eskMZ KviDaggerY nDaggerq _vDaggerK| hw` 1 Rb ZvjyKvUv daggerivMx 1 Rb mymacrrsquo gvbylDaggerK weDaggerq KDaggeri ZDaggere
ZvDagger`i ev‛Pvi ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kivi mcurrencentvebv kZKiv 2 fvM|
Mfcopyvemacrrsquovi cOuml_g fvDaggerM gv hw` daggerKvb fvBivj BbDaggerdKkDaggerb Avmicrovšmdash nq ev kvixwiKfvDaggere
AvNvZcOumlvszlig nq ev niDaggergvDaggerbi fvimvgumlnxbZvq fyDaggerM ev wfUvwgDaggerbi AfvDaggere fyDaggerM _vDaggerK ev
daggeriwWDaggerqkDaggerb GmiddotDaggercvR nq ev _umlvwjDaggerWvgvBW RvZxq Ilya MOumlnY KDaggeri ZDaggere wkiumli daggerVvuU ev
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| KvDaggerQi AvZyenxq macr^RDaggerbi gvDaggerS weDaggerq nDaggerjI wkiuml G mgmumlv
wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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DaggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq wkiuml RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerj cwieviDaggerK bvbv aiDaggerYi mvgvwRK I gvbwmK
mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ nq| wkiuml hLb GB mgmumlv wbDaggerq eo nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZLb daggermI gvbwmKfvDaggere
nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ _vDaggerK| G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ K_v
ejDaggerZ I iumlbDaggerZ mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| `vuDaggerZi mgmumlvi gDaggerauml hv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Zvi gDaggerauml AbumlZg
nDagger‛Q-wewfbœ `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKv `vuZ wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV gyDaggerLi Abuml daggerKvb RvqMvq
DVv evowZ wKQy `vuZ _vKv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb ksup3 bv nIqv `vuDaggerZi MVb myrsaquo`i bv nIqv
gvwoi wewfbœ mgmumlv `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPy-bxPz nIqv|
daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv daggerivMxDagger`i wPwKrmv weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmKDagger`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutev Qvov mcurrencente
bq| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Orthodontist Gi f~wgKv iumlisbquo nq ev‛Pvi RDaggerbyeni ci ciB| daggerhDaggernZz daggerVvuU I
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv nq daggermRbuml wkiumli RDaggerbyeni ci ciB
gyDaggerLi wfZi covi Rbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b daggerhb wkiumli daggerLDaggerZ
daggerKvb mgmumlv bv nq|
kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wkiumli 3-6 gvm eqDaggerm daggerVvuU I 1-2 eQi eqDaggerm Zvjy wVK KiDaggerZ
nDaggere GKRb AwfAacute kjuml wPwKrmK Oslashviv| kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg daggerVvuU I Zvjy wVK Kivi ci
wkiumli DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj hvDaggerZ msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GK aiDaggerYi
Appliance ev hšiquest bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b|
wkiumli Mixed dentition stage (6-12 eQi eqm) -G gyDaggerL daggerKvb AwZwisup3 `vuZ
_vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GQvov mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Cross bite _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuZ
AvuKv evKv _vKDaggerj ev Molar ev daggerclY `vDaggerZi Relation wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere Removable ev Fixed appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo
KiDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
me macrrsquovqx `vuZ PDaggerj Avmvi ci macrrsquovqxfvDaggere daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Kvgo (Occlusion
improve) wVK Kivi Rbuml Fixed ev Removable appliance w`Daggerq Orthodontist
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb Ges daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggereb|
GB mgDaggerq gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyDaggerK wVK Kivi Rbuml cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj Bony Graft Kiv daggerhDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| Gi dDaggerj Orthodontic treatment Gi daggerh djvdj ZvI Aparazbœ _vKDaggere|
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daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLvi ci Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere daggerivMxDaggerK
Permanent Retainer bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv daggerivMxDaggerK me mgq cDaggero _vKDaggerZ nDaggere|
Amacrlsaquovi weRqx DaggerRvqvDaggerKb wdwbmiddot RDaggerbyeni mgq daggerVvuU KvuUv wQj
daggerVvuU KuvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv daggerKvb Awfkvc bq| mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg
GDaggerK mvwiDaggerq daggerZvjv mcurrencente| `iKvi iumlay mevi mDaggerPZbZv Avi mwVK mgDaggerq weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri daggerm Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY Kiv|
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ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerKvb eqDaggerm iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ Zv AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKiB ARvbv|
ADaggerbK AwffveKB eySDaggerZ cvDaggerib bv wkiumli ADagger_copyvWbwUK mgmumlvi Rbuml daggerKvb eqDaggerm
Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| AAacutevbZvi Rbuml ev Abuml daggerKvb wOslashav-OslashDaggerrsaquo`i
KviDaggerY Zviv ADaggerbK mgqB ADaggerbK dagger`ix KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb wPwKrmvi
Rbuml| dDaggerj wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc wPwKrmvi eumlvwszligKvj daggereDaggero hvq| wKQyDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK
chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc
wPwKrmvi djvdj Avkvbyiƒc nq bv| KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv KZUv
Risbquoix| GLb Avwg ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi eqm mxgv wbDaggerq AvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri AvcbvDagger`i
wKQyUv nDaggerjI aviYv dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev Kie|
AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerk ADaggerbK wkiumlB daggerVvuU ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| Kzmsmacrlsaquoviv‛Qbœ
gvbyliv GDaggerK Awfkvc ev fvDaggerMumli wjLb gDaggerb KDaggeri nvZ cv cedilwUDaggerq eDaggerm _vDaggerK daggerKvb wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri bv| wKšlsquo gDaggerb ivLDaggereb daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumli
AwffveKDagger`i DwPZ RDaggerbyeni ci ciB GKRb AwfAacute Orhodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY Kiv|
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KviY G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i RDaggerbyeni ciB cOumlavb I cOuml_g daggerh mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q Zv nDaggerjv Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mgmumlv| Orthodontist Gmgq GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv wkiumlDaggerK Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml LyeB parawZKi GKwU Afumlvm|
mvaviYZ `yB dagger_DaggerK wZb eQi eqDaggermi gDaggerauml Avcbv Avcwb wkiuml G AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KDaggeri daggerdDaggerj|
wKšlsquo ZviciI hw` wkiuml AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere AwffveKDagger`i Gi parawZKi w`KwU
mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere Ges microgvMZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv PjDaggerZ _vKDaggerj wkiumlDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj G AfumlvmwU
`~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance) bullZwi KDaggeri w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib
hvDaggerZ KDaggeri fwelumlDaggerZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi KviDaggerY wkiumli `vuDaggerZi webumlvm AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv hvq|
mvaviYZ 5-6 eQi eqm dagger_DaggerK wkiumlDagger`i `ya `vuZ coDaggerZ iumlisbquo KDaggeri| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK mgq
dagger`Lv hvq AvNvZ RwbZ paraq RwbZ ev Abuml daggerKvb daggerivDaggerMi KviDaggerY wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya
`vuZ cDaggero hvq ev daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| `vuZ covi ci daggerh dvuKv RvqMvwU _vDaggerK daggerm RvqMvwU ZLb
`yB cvDaggerki `vuZ w`Daggerq eUuml nDaggerq hvq| dDaggerj rsquovqx `vuZ DVvi Rbuml chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv daggercDaggerq
Amacr^vfvweK daggerKvb RvqMvq `vuZ DDaggerV Ges `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi mcurrencentvebv daggereDaggero hvq| GB dvuKv
macrrsquovbwU hvDaggerZ cvDaggerki `vuZ Oslashviv eUuml bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl hšiquest bullZwi
KDaggeri w`Daggereb hvDaggerK Space maintainer eDaggerj| KvDaggerRB daggerKvb `ya`vuZ hw` Zvi wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi
AvDaggerM cDaggero hvq ZDaggere dagger`ix bv KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi mvDagger_ dagger`Lv Kisbquob|
ADaggerbK ev‛PvDagger`i dagger`Lv hvq DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj daggerewk evoDaggerQ ev hZUzKz evovi K_v
ZZUzKz evoDaggerQ bv| Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc evošmdash eqDaggerm (6-12) Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cOumlDaggerqvRb AbymvDaggeri Face
mask ev Chin cap eumlenvi KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb hv ev‛Pvi DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimesDaggerK
mwVK AmacrrsquovDaggerb wbDaggerZ mnvqZv KiDaggere|
DaggerVuvU I ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i daggerVvuU I Zvjy kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wVK
Kivi ci mwVK mgq Orthodontist Gmiddotcvbmb macrŒz (Expansion screw) ZvjyDaggerZ jvwMDaggerq
dagger`b hvDaggerZ DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq| G wkiumlDagger`i 8-10 eQi eqDaggerm bone
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grafting Kivi Rbuml kjuml wPwKrmKDaggerK cOumlDaggerqvRbxq civgkcopy I mnvqZv w`Daggerq _vDaggerKb
Orthodontist|
6-12 eQi eqDaggerm hLb wkiumli gyDaggerL `ya I macrrsquovqx Dfq cOumlKvi `vuZ we`umlgvb ZLb hw`
`vuDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo (Cross bite) daggerewk Kvgo (Deep bite) dagger`Lv hvq ZDaggere
Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRbxq eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggereb hvDaggerZ fwelumlDaggerZ KvgocedilDaggerjv AvDaggeriv Lvivc -Gi w`DaggerK
bv hvq|
`ya `vuZ me cDaggero hvevi ci I macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVvi ci AvuKv evuKv DuPz -bxPz `vuZ wVK
Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS Removable Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ
ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere) ev Fixed Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere bv) w`Daggerq
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb|
ADaggerbDaggerKiB gDaggerbB cOumlkœ _vDaggerK daggerh daggerewk eqDaggerm Orthodontic wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere wKbv|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuZ nvo I GDagger`i mvDagger_ mcurrenuacuteKcopyhysup3 structure cedilDaggerjv fvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZDaggere daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv Kiv mcurrencente|
cOumlvszlig eqDaggerm hw` DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj hw` Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes daggercDaggerq _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv
wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj kjuml wPwKrmvi Oslashvimacrrsquo nDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi mdjZv wbfcopyi KDaggeri wPwKrmDaggerKi AwfAacuteZv daggerivMx I Zvi
AwffveDaggerKi mnDaggerhvwMZv I mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi Dci|
gDaggerb ivLDaggereb mgDaggerqi GK daggerdvuo AmgDaggerqi `k daggerdvuo| mwVK mgDaggerq mwVK KvRwU KiDaggerj
Avcwb daggerh djvdj cvDaggereb dagger`ix KDaggeri KvRwU KiDaggerj daggermB djvdj Avcwb bvI daggercDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
Avcbvi daggerKvb wbKURDaggerbi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj mwVK mgDaggerq Orthodontist
Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggerZ fyjDaggereb bv daggerhb|
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Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Dci Bracket
ev Brace covDaggerbv _vDaggerK| Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq
Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv wbDagger`kcopyvejx wVKgZ daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj wPwKrmv cieZcopyx RwUjZv dagger`Lv
dagger`evi mcurrencentvebv LyeB Kg|
Fixed Orthodontic treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq gyL I `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZ weDaggerkl hZœ wbDaggerZ
nDaggere| daggerhme welDaggerqi Dci daggerewk daggerewk bRi ivLDaggerZ nDaggere Zv bxDaggerP dagger`qv nDaggerjvt
1 daggerhw`b daggerivMxi gyDaggerL Bracket emvDaggerbv nDaggere Zvici dagger_DaggerK 24 NrsaquoUv chcopyšmdash ksup3 Lvevi
LvIqv DwPZ bq| GDaggerZ Bracket LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| H 24 NrsaquoUv Lye daggerRvDaggeri daggerRvDaggeri `vuZ
eordfvk Kiv I DwPZ bq| daggerivMx Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv civgkcopy Abyhvqx `vuZ eordfvk
KiDaggere I macr^vfvweK Lvevi LvDaggere|
2 Bracket covDaggerbvi 2-3 w`b chcopyšmdash daggerivMxi GKUz Amacr^wmacrmdash nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GDaggerZ fDaggerqi wKQy
daggerbB| gyDaggerL bZzb wKQy wRwbm emvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2-3 w`b ci Zv AfumlvDaggerm cwiYZ nDaggerq
hvDaggere|
3 cOumlwZevi Lvevi LvIqvi ci AekumlB `vuZ fvDaggerjvfvDaggere eordfvk KiDaggerZ nDaggere| mKvDaggerj I ivDaggerZ
daggerdnotvivBW hysup3 Uz_Daggercdivide w`Daggerq `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggere| Abumlvbuml mgq Uz_ daggercoacute Qvov eordfvk KiDaggerjI
PjDaggere|
4 cOumlwZ wZb (3) gvm ci ci Uz_eordfvk e`j KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Uz_eordfvDaggerki weordfmampjcedilDaggerjv daggerhb big
(Medium soft) nq Zv daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
5 Bracket ev appliance -Gi Dci bxDaggerP 45 daggerKvDaggerY eordfvk aDaggeri `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
6 Lye daggerRvDaggeri Pvc w`Daggerq eordfvk Kiv hvDaggere bv| GDaggerZ KDaggeri Appliance LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
7 `vuDaggerZi daggerh cvDaggerk Appliance AvDaggerQ daggermB cvDaggerk Appliance -Gi Dci AvjDaggerZvfvDaggere
NywiDaggerq NywiDaggerq eordfvk KDaggeri `vuZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| `vuDaggerZi Abumlvbuml cvkcedilDaggerjvI daggerhb
fvDaggerjvfvDaggere cwireglsaquovi Kiv nq daggermw`DaggerK daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
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8 cOumlwZevi Lvevi Gi ci eordfvk Kiv mcurrencente bv nDaggerj LyefvDaggerjv KDaggeri KzjKzwP KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
9 `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerSi gqjv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Dental Floss eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
DaggerKvb KvwV ev myuB w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerLvPvDaggerbv hvDaggere bv|
10 wRnŸv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Tongue Cleanser eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
11 cOumlDaggerqvRDaggerb fvDaggerjv Mouth Wash eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere ZDaggerewPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy
Abyhvqx|
12 `vuDaggerZi gvwo Avfrac12yj w`Daggerq Massage Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
13 daggerKvb appliance daggerfDaggerfrac12 daggerMDaggerj ev LyDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ev Appliance Gi KviDaggerY gyDaggerL daggerKvb
mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj dagger`ix bv KDaggeri mDaggerfrac12 mDaggerfrac12 Orthondontist-Gi civgkcopy wbDaggerZ nDaggere|
14 wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq ksup3 Lvevi (nvo AvL) LvIqv cwinvi KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
15 AvVvDaggerjv RvZxq Lvevi (PzBs Mvg) LvIqv ev` w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
16 daggercqviv AvDaggercj ev daggerh daggerKvb ksup3 Lvevi Kvgo w`Daggerq bv daggerLDaggerq daggerQvU daggerQvU UzKiv KDaggeri
daggerLDaggerZ nDaggere|
17 Orthodontist DaggerhfvDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK AvmDaggerZ ejDaggereb (1gvm ci ci) AekumlB Zv cvjb
KiDaggerZ nDaggere| bv nDaggerj daggerivMxi wPwKrmv daggerkl nDaggerZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi daggerewk jvMDaggere|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbPz `vuZ wVK Kivi Rbuml daggerhgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Oslashviv mwVK wPwKrmv daggerZgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerivMx Ges daggerivMxi AwffveDaggerKi
mnDaggerhvwMZv Ges Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy Abyhvqx Pjv| ZDaggereB DaggerivMx wPwKrmv DaggerkDaggerl cvDaggere
KvwldquoparaZ myrsaquo`i `vuZ|
49
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
50
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ dnotwms
51
daggerQvAElig GKwU evMvDaggerb hw` ADaggerbKcedilDaggerjv MvQ daggereDaggero DVDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZDaggere ADaggerbK MvDaggerQi macr^vfvweK ebdquowtimes
weboacute nq Ges evMvbwU wKQyw`b ci Nb Rfrac12Daggerj cwiYZ nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK| ZLb hw` daggermLvb
dagger_DaggerK wKQy MvQ daggerKDaggerU daggerdjv nq ZDaggere evMvbwUi evKxMvQcedilDaggerjv iparav daggercDaggerq macr^vfvweKfvDaggere daggereDaggero
DVDaggere|
daggerZgwb gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerh cwigvY RvqMv AvDaggerQ Zvi daggerPDaggerq hw` `vuDaggerZi msLumlv daggerewk wKsev
`vuZ Lye daggerekx AvuKv evKv DuPz `uvZ _vKDaggerj ZDaggere Zv wVK KDaggeri `vuZDaggerK mywebumlvmacrmdash myrsaquo`i KDaggeri
daggerZvjvi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgq daggerivMxi wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB daggerivMx ev
Zvi AwffveK `vuZ daggerZvjvi K_v iumlbDaggerj fq cvq| Zviv fvDaggere `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ ADaggerbK euml_v
jvMDaggere ev daggerPvDaggerLi daggereordfBDaggerbi hw` daggerKvb parawZ nq| Zviv Orthodontist daggerK `vuZ bv ZzDaggerj
wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml AbyDaggeriva KDaggeri _vDaggerK| wKšlsquo ZvDagger`i G mKj aviYv mcurrenuacute~Ycopy Ag~jK| `vuZ
ZzjDaggerj daggerPvDaggerLi ev daggereordfBDaggerbi daggerKvb parawZ nqbv| GKRb AwfAacute wPwKrmK ZvB KiDaggereb hv KiDaggerj
daggerivMxi wPwKrmv fvDaggerjvfvDaggere mcurrenuacutebœ nDaggere Ges daggerivMx I Zvi AwffveK mšlsquowoacute jvf KiDaggere| Avi
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM wbw copyoacute rsquovb fvDaggerjvfvDaggere Aek KDaggeri wbDaggerj Ges wPwKrmDaggerKi dagger`qv DcDagger`k `vuZ
daggerZvjvi w`b I cieZcopyx KDaggerqKw`b mwVKfvDaggere daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj `vuZ daggerZvjvi ci daggerivMxi daggerZgb daggerKvb
Amyweav nq bv ejDaggerjB PDaggerj|
52
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM
`vuZ daggerZvjvi cDaggeri
53
ADaggerbDaggerKB AvDaggerQb hviv ivDaggerZ NygvDaggerbvi AvDaggerM Ges mKvDaggerj bvmacrmdashv Lvevi ci `vuZ eordfvk
KDaggerib `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Kvj wejcurren^ bv KDaggeri `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggerib
`vuDaggerZi mymacrrsquoZvi Rbuml hv hv `iKvi Zviv Zv-B KDaggerib| GmeB nDaggerjv fvDaggerjv Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi
Rbuml LyeB DcKvix|
wKšlsquo Ggb wKQy Afumlvm AvDaggerQ hv gyL I `vuDaggerZi macr^vDaggermacrrsquoumli Rbuml LyeB parawZKi| Gme
e`AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi bvbv aiDaggerYi mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q| GB AfumlvmcedilDaggerjvi gDaggerauml Avfrac12yj
daggerPvlv wRnŸampv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv ev daggerVjv dagger`Iqv daggerKvb mgmumlv bv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI gyL w`Daggerq wbkbrvbarvm
daggerbqv daggerVvuU I bL KvgovDaggerbv AbumlZg|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK| evev gv hw` GUv daggerLqvj KDaggerib ZDaggere wkiumlDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere daggerh Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv Lvivc| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz nDaggerq hvq ADaggerbK mgq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bvI coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Open bite) bxDaggerPi
54
daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZcedilDaggerjv msKzwPZ nDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK hZUzKz daggerXDaggerK ivLv
DwPZ Zv KDaggerg daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerbvi ci I hw` Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm bv KDaggerg ZDaggere wkiumli 2-3 eQi eqm
chcopyšmdash ADaggercparav KiDaggerZ nDaggere| ADaggerbK mgq 3 eQi eqDaggermi ci wkiumli GB Afumlvm PDaggerj hvq|
ZviciI hw` wkiuml G Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere GKRb AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12
civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| wPwKrmK `iKvi gDaggerb nDaggerj daggerKvb Appliance ev hšiquest w`Daggereb hv
wkiumlDaggerK GB Afumlvm `~i KiDaggerZ mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wkiumli hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK ZDaggere DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DPuy nDaggerq hvq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bv coDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerivMx gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri
wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq Avcbvi daggermvbvgwbi hw` Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml
parawZKi ZDaggere cOuml_DaggergB ZvDaggerK eySvb| ZvDaggerZ KvR bv nDaggerj Aemacrrsquov hvDaggerZ AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv
hvq daggermRbuml AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy Kisbquob|
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OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
56
CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
57
KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
59
GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
60
ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
61
daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
26
Spacing Gi Amyweav mg~nt
duvKv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI daggerivMxi Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv K_v ejvi
mgq daggerKvb daggerKvb katilde macruacuteoacutefvDaggere D‛PviDaggerY mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt
Spacing Gi wPwKrmv Kivi c~Daggerecopy daggerivMxi BwZnvm fvDaggerjvfvDaggere RvbDaggerZ nDaggere Ges
Spacing Gi mcurrencentveuml KviY mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggerZ nDaggere| hw` daggerivMxi Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK
hvi Rbuml `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv RvqMvi mbdquowoacute nDagger‛Q ZDaggere daggermB Afumlvm ev` dagger`qvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| ZviciI hw` daggerivMx Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere Habit breaking
appliance eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere| daggerKvb
TumourCyst _vKDaggerj Zv AcmviY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Spacing hw` Lye mvgvbuml cwigvDaggerY nq
Ges daggerivMxi hw` daggerKvb AwfDaggerhvM bv _vDaggerK ZDaggere wPwKrmv bv KivDaggerj I PDaggerj| ZDaggere Spacing
ADaggerbK daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontics wPwKrmv jvMDaggere| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri
wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wK aiDaggerYi wPwKrmv w`Daggereb| Spacing wVK Kivi Rbuml yB aiDaggerYi hšiquest ev
appliance use Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Removable Appliance)
Orthodontist `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ Fixed KDaggeri Appliance wU jvwMDaggerq w`Daggereb
(Fixed appliance) hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggerebv|
hw` `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mvgvbuml dvuKv _vDaggerK ZDaggere `vuDaggerZi iDaggerOi mvDagger_ wgwjDaggerq Filling Kiv
daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
GQvov gyDaggerLi Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS KhellipwIcircg `vuZ ewmDaggerq I Spacing Correction Kiv hvq| DaggerZv
Avcbvi hw` _vDaggerK dvuKv `vuDaggerZi mgmumlv ZDaggere PDaggerj Avmyb AwfAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ| wPwKrmv
KwiDaggerq `vuDaggerZi dvuKv wVK Kisbquob cOumlvY LyDaggerj nvmyb Avi nDaggerq DVyb AvKlcopyYxq|
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mvaviYfvDaggere Crowding ejDaggerZ daggerKvb wKQyi AvwaKumlDaggerK daggerevSvq| wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi
fvlvq gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKvi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi macr^vfvweK webumlvm evavMOumlmacrrsquo nDaggerq daggerh
wekbdquoldquoLjZv mbdquowoacute nq ZvDaggerK Crowding eDaggerj|
KviYmg~nt wewfbœ KviDaggerY gyDaggerL Crowding nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Zvi gDaggerauml DDaggerjshyLDaggerhvMuml
KviYmg~n bxDaggerP Dagger`qv njt
1 gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AvKhellipwZi mvgAumlmuml bv _vKDaggerj|
2 `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj|
3 `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi ADaggerbK AvDaggerM cDaggero daggerMDaggerj
4 macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVDaggerZ dagger`ix nDaggerj
5 AvNvZ daggercDaggerj
6 DaggerKvb `vuZ evowZ _vKDaggerj
7 Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj
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8 daggerPvqvj macr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes bv daggercDaggerj
Crowding wbYcopyqt
1 daggerivMxi gyLMnŸi chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri|
2 DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Model ev cOumlwZiƒc dagger`DaggerL
3 GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL|
Crowding Gi djvdj t
`vuDaggerZi Dci cOumlfvet Gi dDaggerj `vuZ Zvi wbDaggerRi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK NyDaggeri daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri
`vuZ daggernDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri GgbwK daggerKvb daggerKvb `vuZ bvI DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Dci cOumlfve t
1 DaggerivMx mvgvwRKfvDaggere wewfbœ mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
2 DaggermŠrsaquo`hcopynvwb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
3 `vuZ wVKgZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ bv cvivi KviDaggerY `vuZ I gvwoi wewfbœ daggerivDaggerM Avmicrovšmdash
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
4 nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmv t
1 cOumlwZDaggerivag~jK eumlemacrrsquovt
hw` daggerivMxi cwievDaggeri KvDaggeriv `vuDaggerZ Crowding _vDaggerK ZDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist-Gi chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ covi mwVK mgq bv Avmv chcopyšmdash `ya `vuZDaggerK msiparaY Kivi daggerPoacutev KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggerKvb paraqDaggerivM dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerZ daggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml
boacute bv nq|
Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj ZumlvM KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ mwVK mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj Zv wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq daggerdDaggerj dagger`qvi eumlemacrrsquov KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
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gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere avivevwnKfvDaggere wbw`copyoacute wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerK
wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi fvlvq Serial extraction ejv nq|
2 msDaggerkvab g~jK eumlemacrrsquov t
K) DaggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml evovDaggerbv
DaggerPvqvjDaggerK cOumlmvwiZ Kiv
mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK wKQyUv DuPz Kiv
Daggergvjvi `vuZDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerUDaggerb Daggerbqv
vuDaggerZi AvKvi daggerQvU KDaggeri daggerdjv
`vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjv t
Crowding Gi cwigvY Lye daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontist wVK KiDaggereb daggerKvb `vuZwU
daggerdjDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
Crowding Lye daggerewk nDaggerj ev gvSvwi aiDaggerYi nDaggerj Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggerq
Removable ev Fixed daggerh daggerKvb GK aiDaggerYi appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggereb|
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Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi
msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy AvDaggerm| wKšlsquo daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` DcDaggerii cvwUcopyi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy bv
AvDaggerm Ges Gi dDaggerj DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi cvwUcopyi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mecopy`v dvuKv macrrsquovb _vDaggerK Ges gyL
mcurrenuacute~YcopyiƒDaggerc eUuml bv nq ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Open Bite eDaggerj|
mvaviYfvDaggere Open Bite ejDaggerZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi
Kvgo bv jvMvDaggerK daggerevSvq|
Open bite mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ ev wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Open Bite Gi KviY
mg~nt Avfrac12yj weDaggerkl KDaggeri ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Open bite nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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wRnŸv macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ eo _vKDaggerj ev hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjvavdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm
_vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS _vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi
DcDaggerii AsDaggerk (occlusal surface) -G _vDaggerK ZDaggere Open Bite nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
G Qvov daggerivMx hw` Bony Dysplasia Congenital wmwdwjm BZumlvw` daggerivDaggerM fyDaggerM
_vDaggerK ZDaggereI Open bite Gi mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt Open bite Gi wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml mecopycOuml_g daggerivMxDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOuml_Daggerg Open bite nevi KviY
mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggereb| hw` daggerivMxi Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK
ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm `~i Kivi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb
KDaggerib ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm ~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance)
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib daggerivMxDaggerK|
Open bite hw` gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj hvq ZDaggere Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontic
appliance eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri hv Fixed ev Removable daggerh daggerKvb iKgB
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
hw` daggerPvqvDaggerji nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Open bite dagger`Lv hvq Ges daggerivMxi eqm hw` 6-12 eQi
nq ZDaggere Chin cap (Chin cap bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi ev bxDaggerPi w`DaggerKi ebdquowtimes
nIqvDaggerK cOumlwZDaggeriva KDaggeri) Gi mvDagger_ High pull head gear eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nevi ci Ges macrrsquovqx `vuZ me DVvi ci daggerPvqvDaggerji Amacr^vfvweK
ebdquowtimesRwbZ KviDaggerY daggerh Open bite nq Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Surgery Kiv DaggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq KvDaggeriv Open bite Gi mgmumlv _vKDaggerj AvovDaggerj Zvi mgvDaggerjvPbv bv
KDaggeri AvgvDagger`i mKDaggerji DwPZ ZvDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ
ejv| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cieZcopyx KiYxq mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy ejDaggerZ cviDaggereb| Zvui
civgkcopy Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY KiDaggerj Open bite wbivgq Kiv mcurrencente|
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`šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv Class II Malocclusion DaggerK `yB fvDaggerM fvM KDaggeriDaggerQb|
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion
2 Class II division 2 malocclusion
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion t
hw` KvDaggeriv daggerclY `vuDaggerZi mcurrenuacuteKcopy (Molar relation) Class II _vDaggerK Ges DcDaggerii
DaggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZ cedilDaggerjv DPz _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv Class II Division 1 Gi Ašmdashfycopysup3|
Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK
(Convex profile) DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ daggerewk daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL
DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK daggerewk mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| `vuZ DuPz nevi KviDaggerY
daggerivMx ADaggerbK mgq `yB daggerVuvU eUuml KiDaggerZ cvDaggeribv|
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2 Class II division 2 Malocclusion
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc Molar Relation Class II _vKDaggere A_copyvr DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev
Molar `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev Molar `vuDaggerZi dagger_DaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ mvgDaggerb
Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv wKQyUv wfZDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb
KiDaggere| mvaviYZ DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj GKB iKg AemacrrsquovDaggerb _vKDaggere (Straight Profile)
DcDaggerii `vuZcedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK cyDaggerivUv daggerXDaggerK ivLDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`ix bv KDaggeri GKRb Orthodontist daggerK Rvbvb|
Orthodontist wewfbœ chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri wPwKrmv ctimeswZ wVK KiDaggereb|
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Avcbvi AvDaggerk cvDaggerki gvbylcedilDaggerjvDaggerK GKUz fvDaggerjvfvDaggere jpara KiDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggereb daggerewki
fvM gvbyDaggerliB DcDaggeri daggerPvqvj Ges DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji
`vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ mvgvbuml GKUz mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK| Ges GUvB nDaggerjv macr^vfvweK| wKšlsquo wKQy gvbyDaggerli
daggerparaDaggerIcirc Gi DDaggereumlvUv dagger`Lv dagger`q| A_copyvr ZvDagger`i bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK _vDaggerK DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj ev DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ| GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi
fvlvq eDaggerj Class III malocclusion|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
`yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| 1Uv nDaggerjv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY| GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii
cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
35
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi
MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb dagger`DaggerL GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wKfvDaggere wPwKrmv KiDaggerj
daggerivMx mDaggerecopyvEumlg djvdj cvq|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion nq ZDaggere Orthodontic
Treatment A_copyvr iumlaygvIcirc Brace cwoDaggerqB wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere evošmdash ev cwiYZ daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB| ZDaggere Lye daggerewk eqDaggerm wPwKrmv KivDaggerj wPwKrmvi mgq daggereDaggero hvDaggere|
hw` evošmdash eqDaggerm nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion dagger`Lv dagger`q ZDaggere
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvjDaggerK mvgDaggerb Avbvi Rbuml ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvjDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerbqvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK wewfbœ
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aiDaggerYi hšiquest dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri eumlenvDaggerii Rbuml| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Face Mask Chin Cap DDaggerjshyL
daggerhvMuml|
hw` cwiYZ eqDaggerm gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerqi Class III malocclusion hv nvDaggerii MVDaggerbi
KviDaggerY nDaggerqDaggerQ Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ ZDaggere kjuml wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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evBgumlvmiddot
evBgvmiddot `y aiDaggerbi nq| evBgumlvwmiddotjvix cOumlUzordfmb Ges evBgumlvwmiddot jvix cOumlwKnotDaggerbmb| wK KwVb
katilde| Avmyb Lye mnDaggerR daggerRDaggerb daggerbB `uvZ I gvwoi Avi GK mgmumlv hvi bvg evBgvmiddot|
evBgumlvmiddot mgmumlvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj wKsev `uvZ wKsev DfqB mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK DPzu _vDaggerK| dDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv daggerVvU DPzu nDaggerq _vKv GgbwK gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ
cviv mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
mvavibZ `uvZ hw` Zzjbvg~jK fvDaggere eo GgbwK daggerPvqvj jcurren^v wKsev daggerXvK wMjvi mgq
wRnev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK Amacr^vfvweK fvDaggere `uvZDaggerK mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK daggerVjv w`Daggerj GB aiDaggerbi mgmumlv nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| NveovDaggerbvi wKQzB daggerbB GB mgmumlvi mgvavb Lye myrsaquo`i KDaggeri GK AwfAacute ADagger_copyDaggerWbwUdivide
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib| gDaggerb ivLDaggerZ nDaggere cOumlv_wgK Aemacrrsquovq GB mgmumlvi mgvavb KiDaggerj ZZUv RwUjZv nq
bv| eDaggerqvmwUuml KvDaggerji c~Daggere eDaggerqvmmwUuml KvDaggerji mgq Ges cDaggeri wPwKrmv eumlemacrrsquov cbdquo_K cbdquo_K nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
38
myrsaquo`Daggerii c~Rvix mKDaggerjB ZvB GB mgmumlv mgvavb KDaggeri
Avcwb nDaggerq DVyb myrsaquo`i `uvZ I nvwmi AwaKvix
39
daggerMR `vuZ(High Canine) DPz KZcopyb `vuZ t
AvgvDagger`i gyDaggerL eqm 5 eQi chcopyšmdash daggerh 20 wU `vuZ _vDaggerK Zvi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ
_vDaggerK| eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ 20wU `ya `vuZ hLb cDaggero wMDaggerq macrrsquovqx `vuZ DDaggerV ZLbI daggergvU
32wU `vuDaggerZi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ _vDaggerK| G KZcopyb `uvZcedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi 4wU daggerKvbvq AewmacrrsquoZ| ZvB
GDagger`iDaggerK Corner Stone of mouth eDaggerj| bvg iumlbDaggerjB daggerevSv hvq G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Lv`uml`ordfeumlDaggerK
KZcopyb KiDaggerZ Ges wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri| G `vuZ cedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK kwsup3kvjx| KviY G `vuDaggerZi
GbvDaggergDaggerji cyisbquoZiexcl Daggerewk Ges mvgDaggerbi 4wU `vuDaggerZi (Pecopyb `vuZ-Incisor tooth) ciciB
AewmacrrsquoZ| daggerKvb daggerKvb mgq wewfbœ KviY ekZt G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Zvi wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK wfbœ
AemacrrsquovDaggerb dagger`Lv hvq| hw` G `vuZcedilDaggerjv gvwoi gDaggerauml ev DcDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri ZLb ZvDaggerK
High Canine ev daggerMR `vuZ ejv nq| Avevi KLDaggerbv GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv Zvjyi w`K w`Daggerq DDaggerV|
ZLb GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK Palataly placed canine eDaggerj| Avevi KLDaggerbv I gvwo ev Zvjyi wfZDaggeri
G `vuZ Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| ZLb ZvDaggerK Impacted Canine ejv nq| GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi gDaggerauml
AZxe Risbquoix PviwU `vuZ| GB `vuZ daggerhgb Lv`uml`ordfeuml KZcopyb I wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri cvkvcvwk
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daggerPvqvDaggerji bovPovDaggerK wbqšiquestY KDaggeri| GB `vuZDaggerK Beauty tooth I ejv nq| ZvB G `vuDaggerZi
mvwietimesfvDaggere webumlvm LyeB Risbquoix|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ daggerh KDaggerqKwU mgmumlv ZzDaggerj aiv nDaggerjv G mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi mgvavb LyeB Risbquoix|
hw` daggerKD GiKg daggerKvb mgmumlvq fyDaggerM _vDaggerKb ZDaggere AwfAacute Orthodontist -B nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
Avcbvi myrsaquo`i nvwm wdwiDaggerq dagger`qvi cig eUumlz|
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daggerVvuU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerki wkiumlDagger`i GKwU AbumlZg
mgmumlv| wewfbœ MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv wMDaggerqDaggerQ cOumlwZ 700 RDaggerb 1 Rb daggerVvuU KvUv Ges cOumlwZ 1000 RDaggerb
1 Rb wkiuml Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| daggerVvuU KvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggerQDaggerj wkiumlDagger`i Ges
ZvjyKvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggergDaggerq-wkiumlDagger`i gvDaggerS|
wewfbœ KviDaggerY wkiuml daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri _vDaggerK| kZKiv 25 fvM daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GUv eskMZ KviDaggerY nDaggerq _vDaggerK| hw` 1 Rb ZvjyKvUv daggerivMx 1 Rb mymacrrsquo gvbylDaggerK weDaggerq KDaggeri ZDaggere
ZvDagger`i ev‛Pvi ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kivi mcurrencentvebv kZKiv 2 fvM|
Mfcopyvemacrrsquovi cOuml_g fvDaggerM gv hw` daggerKvb fvBivj BbDaggerdKkDaggerb Avmicrovšmdash nq ev kvixwiKfvDaggere
AvNvZcOumlvszlig nq ev niDaggergvDaggerbi fvimvgumlnxbZvq fyDaggerM ev wfUvwgDaggerbi AfvDaggere fyDaggerM _vDaggerK ev
daggeriwWDaggerqkDaggerb GmiddotDaggercvR nq ev _umlvwjDaggerWvgvBW RvZxq Ilya MOumlnY KDaggeri ZDaggere wkiumli daggerVvuU ev
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| KvDaggerQi AvZyenxq macr^RDaggerbi gvDaggerS weDaggerq nDaggerjI wkiuml G mgmumlv
wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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DaggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq wkiuml RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerj cwieviDaggerK bvbv aiDaggerYi mvgvwRK I gvbwmK
mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ nq| wkiuml hLb GB mgmumlv wbDaggerq eo nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZLb daggermI gvbwmKfvDaggere
nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ _vDaggerK| G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ K_v
ejDaggerZ I iumlbDaggerZ mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| `vuDaggerZi mgmumlvi gDaggerauml hv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Zvi gDaggerauml AbumlZg
nDagger‛Q-wewfbœ `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKv `vuZ wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV gyDaggerLi Abuml daggerKvb RvqMvq
DVv evowZ wKQy `vuZ _vKv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb ksup3 bv nIqv `vuDaggerZi MVb myrsaquo`i bv nIqv
gvwoi wewfbœ mgmumlv `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPy-bxPz nIqv|
daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv daggerivMxDagger`i wPwKrmv weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmKDagger`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutev Qvov mcurrencente
bq| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Orthodontist Gi f~wgKv iumlisbquo nq ev‛Pvi RDaggerbyeni ci ciB| daggerhDaggernZz daggerVvuU I
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv nq daggermRbuml wkiumli RDaggerbyeni ci ciB
gyDaggerLi wfZi covi Rbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b daggerhb wkiumli daggerLDaggerZ
daggerKvb mgmumlv bv nq|
kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wkiumli 3-6 gvm eqDaggerm daggerVvuU I 1-2 eQi eqDaggerm Zvjy wVK KiDaggerZ
nDaggere GKRb AwfAacute kjuml wPwKrmK Oslashviv| kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg daggerVvuU I Zvjy wVK Kivi ci
wkiumli DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj hvDaggerZ msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GK aiDaggerYi
Appliance ev hšiquest bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b|
wkiumli Mixed dentition stage (6-12 eQi eqm) -G gyDaggerL daggerKvb AwZwisup3 `vuZ
_vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GQvov mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Cross bite _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuZ
AvuKv evKv _vKDaggerj ev Molar ev daggerclY `vDaggerZi Relation wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere Removable ev Fixed appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo
KiDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
me macrrsquovqx `vuZ PDaggerj Avmvi ci macrrsquovqxfvDaggere daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Kvgo (Occlusion
improve) wVK Kivi Rbuml Fixed ev Removable appliance w`Daggerq Orthodontist
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb Ges daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggereb|
GB mgDaggerq gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyDaggerK wVK Kivi Rbuml cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj Bony Graft Kiv daggerhDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| Gi dDaggerj Orthodontic treatment Gi daggerh djvdj ZvI Aparazbœ _vKDaggere|
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daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLvi ci Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere daggerivMxDaggerK
Permanent Retainer bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv daggerivMxDaggerK me mgq cDaggero _vKDaggerZ nDaggere|
Amacrlsaquovi weRqx DaggerRvqvDaggerKb wdwbmiddot RDaggerbyeni mgq daggerVvuU KvuUv wQj
daggerVvuU KuvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv daggerKvb Awfkvc bq| mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg
GDaggerK mvwiDaggerq daggerZvjv mcurrencente| `iKvi iumlay mevi mDaggerPZbZv Avi mwVK mgDaggerq weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri daggerm Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY Kiv|
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ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerKvb eqDaggerm iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ Zv AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKiB ARvbv|
ADaggerbK AwffveKB eySDaggerZ cvDaggerib bv wkiumli ADagger_copyvWbwUK mgmumlvi Rbuml daggerKvb eqDaggerm
Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| AAacutevbZvi Rbuml ev Abuml daggerKvb wOslashav-OslashDaggerrsaquo`i
KviDaggerY Zviv ADaggerbK mgqB ADaggerbK dagger`ix KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb wPwKrmvi
Rbuml| dDaggerj wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc wPwKrmvi eumlvwszligKvj daggereDaggero hvq| wKQyDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK
chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc
wPwKrmvi djvdj Avkvbyiƒc nq bv| KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv KZUv
Risbquoix| GLb Avwg ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi eqm mxgv wbDaggerq AvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri AvcbvDagger`i
wKQyUv nDaggerjI aviYv dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev Kie|
AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerk ADaggerbK wkiumlB daggerVvuU ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| Kzmsmacrlsaquoviv‛Qbœ
gvbyliv GDaggerK Awfkvc ev fvDaggerMumli wjLb gDaggerb KDaggeri nvZ cv cedilwUDaggerq eDaggerm _vDaggerK daggerKvb wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri bv| wKšlsquo gDaggerb ivLDaggereb daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumli
AwffveKDagger`i DwPZ RDaggerbyeni ci ciB GKRb AwfAacute Orhodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY Kiv|
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KviY G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i RDaggerbyeni ciB cOumlavb I cOuml_g daggerh mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q Zv nDaggerjv Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mgmumlv| Orthodontist Gmgq GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv wkiumlDaggerK Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml LyeB parawZKi GKwU Afumlvm|
mvaviYZ `yB dagger_DaggerK wZb eQi eqDaggermi gDaggerauml Avcbv Avcwb wkiuml G AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KDaggeri daggerdDaggerj|
wKšlsquo ZviciI hw` wkiuml AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere AwffveKDagger`i Gi parawZKi w`KwU
mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere Ges microgvMZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv PjDaggerZ _vKDaggerj wkiumlDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj G AfumlvmwU
`~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance) bullZwi KDaggeri w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib
hvDaggerZ KDaggeri fwelumlDaggerZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi KviDaggerY wkiumli `vuDaggerZi webumlvm AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv hvq|
mvaviYZ 5-6 eQi eqm dagger_DaggerK wkiumlDagger`i `ya `vuZ coDaggerZ iumlisbquo KDaggeri| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK mgq
dagger`Lv hvq AvNvZ RwbZ paraq RwbZ ev Abuml daggerKvb daggerivDaggerMi KviDaggerY wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya
`vuZ cDaggero hvq ev daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| `vuZ covi ci daggerh dvuKv RvqMvwU _vDaggerK daggerm RvqMvwU ZLb
`yB cvDaggerki `vuZ w`Daggerq eUuml nDaggerq hvq| dDaggerj rsquovqx `vuZ DVvi Rbuml chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv daggercDaggerq
Amacr^vfvweK daggerKvb RvqMvq `vuZ DDaggerV Ges `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi mcurrencentvebv daggereDaggero hvq| GB dvuKv
macrrsquovbwU hvDaggerZ cvDaggerki `vuZ Oslashviv eUuml bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl hšiquest bullZwi
KDaggeri w`Daggereb hvDaggerK Space maintainer eDaggerj| KvDaggerRB daggerKvb `ya`vuZ hw` Zvi wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi
AvDaggerM cDaggero hvq ZDaggere dagger`ix bv KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi mvDagger_ dagger`Lv Kisbquob|
ADaggerbK ev‛PvDagger`i dagger`Lv hvq DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj daggerewk evoDaggerQ ev hZUzKz evovi K_v
ZZUzKz evoDaggerQ bv| Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc evošmdash eqDaggerm (6-12) Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cOumlDaggerqvRb AbymvDaggeri Face
mask ev Chin cap eumlenvi KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb hv ev‛Pvi DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimesDaggerK
mwVK AmacrrsquovDaggerb wbDaggerZ mnvqZv KiDaggere|
DaggerVuvU I ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i daggerVvuU I Zvjy kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wVK
Kivi ci mwVK mgq Orthodontist Gmiddotcvbmb macrŒz (Expansion screw) ZvjyDaggerZ jvwMDaggerq
dagger`b hvDaggerZ DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq| G wkiumlDagger`i 8-10 eQi eqDaggerm bone
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grafting Kivi Rbuml kjuml wPwKrmKDaggerK cOumlDaggerqvRbxq civgkcopy I mnvqZv w`Daggerq _vDaggerKb
Orthodontist|
6-12 eQi eqDaggerm hLb wkiumli gyDaggerL `ya I macrrsquovqx Dfq cOumlKvi `vuZ we`umlgvb ZLb hw`
`vuDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo (Cross bite) daggerewk Kvgo (Deep bite) dagger`Lv hvq ZDaggere
Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRbxq eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggereb hvDaggerZ fwelumlDaggerZ KvgocedilDaggerjv AvDaggeriv Lvivc -Gi w`DaggerK
bv hvq|
`ya `vuZ me cDaggero hvevi ci I macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVvi ci AvuKv evuKv DuPz -bxPz `vuZ wVK
Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS Removable Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ
ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere) ev Fixed Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere bv) w`Daggerq
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb|
ADaggerbDaggerKiB gDaggerbB cOumlkœ _vDaggerK daggerh daggerewk eqDaggerm Orthodontic wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere wKbv|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuZ nvo I GDagger`i mvDagger_ mcurrenuacuteKcopyhysup3 structure cedilDaggerjv fvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZDaggere daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv Kiv mcurrencente|
cOumlvszlig eqDaggerm hw` DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj hw` Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes daggercDaggerq _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv
wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj kjuml wPwKrmvi Oslashvimacrrsquo nDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi mdjZv wbfcopyi KDaggeri wPwKrmDaggerKi AwfAacuteZv daggerivMx I Zvi
AwffveDaggerKi mnDaggerhvwMZv I mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi Dci|
gDaggerb ivLDaggereb mgDaggerqi GK daggerdvuo AmgDaggerqi `k daggerdvuo| mwVK mgDaggerq mwVK KvRwU KiDaggerj
Avcwb daggerh djvdj cvDaggereb dagger`ix KDaggeri KvRwU KiDaggerj daggermB djvdj Avcwb bvI daggercDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
Avcbvi daggerKvb wbKURDaggerbi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj mwVK mgDaggerq Orthodontist
Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggerZ fyjDaggereb bv daggerhb|
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Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Dci Bracket
ev Brace covDaggerbv _vDaggerK| Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq
Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv wbDagger`kcopyvejx wVKgZ daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj wPwKrmv cieZcopyx RwUjZv dagger`Lv
dagger`evi mcurrencentvebv LyeB Kg|
Fixed Orthodontic treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq gyL I `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZ weDaggerkl hZœ wbDaggerZ
nDaggere| daggerhme welDaggerqi Dci daggerewk daggerewk bRi ivLDaggerZ nDaggere Zv bxDaggerP dagger`qv nDaggerjvt
1 daggerhw`b daggerivMxi gyDaggerL Bracket emvDaggerbv nDaggere Zvici dagger_DaggerK 24 NrsaquoUv chcopyšmdash ksup3 Lvevi
LvIqv DwPZ bq| GDaggerZ Bracket LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| H 24 NrsaquoUv Lye daggerRvDaggeri daggerRvDaggeri `vuZ
eordfvk Kiv I DwPZ bq| daggerivMx Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv civgkcopy Abyhvqx `vuZ eordfvk
KiDaggere I macr^vfvweK Lvevi LvDaggere|
2 Bracket covDaggerbvi 2-3 w`b chcopyšmdash daggerivMxi GKUz Amacr^wmacrmdash nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GDaggerZ fDaggerqi wKQy
daggerbB| gyDaggerL bZzb wKQy wRwbm emvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2-3 w`b ci Zv AfumlvDaggerm cwiYZ nDaggerq
hvDaggere|
3 cOumlwZevi Lvevi LvIqvi ci AekumlB `vuZ fvDaggerjvfvDaggere eordfvk KiDaggerZ nDaggere| mKvDaggerj I ivDaggerZ
daggerdnotvivBW hysup3 Uz_Daggercdivide w`Daggerq `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggere| Abumlvbuml mgq Uz_ daggercoacute Qvov eordfvk KiDaggerjI
PjDaggere|
4 cOumlwZ wZb (3) gvm ci ci Uz_eordfvk e`j KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Uz_eordfvDaggerki weordfmampjcedilDaggerjv daggerhb big
(Medium soft) nq Zv daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
5 Bracket ev appliance -Gi Dci bxDaggerP 45 daggerKvDaggerY eordfvk aDaggeri `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
6 Lye daggerRvDaggeri Pvc w`Daggerq eordfvk Kiv hvDaggere bv| GDaggerZ KDaggeri Appliance LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
7 `vuDaggerZi daggerh cvDaggerk Appliance AvDaggerQ daggermB cvDaggerk Appliance -Gi Dci AvjDaggerZvfvDaggere
NywiDaggerq NywiDaggerq eordfvk KDaggeri `vuZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| `vuDaggerZi Abumlvbuml cvkcedilDaggerjvI daggerhb
fvDaggerjvfvDaggere cwireglsaquovi Kiv nq daggermw`DaggerK daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
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8 cOumlwZevi Lvevi Gi ci eordfvk Kiv mcurrencente bv nDaggerj LyefvDaggerjv KDaggeri KzjKzwP KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
9 `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerSi gqjv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Dental Floss eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
DaggerKvb KvwV ev myuB w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerLvPvDaggerbv hvDaggere bv|
10 wRnŸv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Tongue Cleanser eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
11 cOumlDaggerqvRDaggerb fvDaggerjv Mouth Wash eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere ZDaggerewPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy
Abyhvqx|
12 `vuDaggerZi gvwo Avfrac12yj w`Daggerq Massage Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
13 daggerKvb appliance daggerfDaggerfrac12 daggerMDaggerj ev LyDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ev Appliance Gi KviDaggerY gyDaggerL daggerKvb
mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj dagger`ix bv KDaggeri mDaggerfrac12 mDaggerfrac12 Orthondontist-Gi civgkcopy wbDaggerZ nDaggere|
14 wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq ksup3 Lvevi (nvo AvL) LvIqv cwinvi KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
15 AvVvDaggerjv RvZxq Lvevi (PzBs Mvg) LvIqv ev` w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
16 daggercqviv AvDaggercj ev daggerh daggerKvb ksup3 Lvevi Kvgo w`Daggerq bv daggerLDaggerq daggerQvU daggerQvU UzKiv KDaggeri
daggerLDaggerZ nDaggere|
17 Orthodontist DaggerhfvDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK AvmDaggerZ ejDaggereb (1gvm ci ci) AekumlB Zv cvjb
KiDaggerZ nDaggere| bv nDaggerj daggerivMxi wPwKrmv daggerkl nDaggerZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi daggerewk jvMDaggere|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbPz `vuZ wVK Kivi Rbuml daggerhgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Oslashviv mwVK wPwKrmv daggerZgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerivMx Ges daggerivMxi AwffveDaggerKi
mnDaggerhvwMZv Ges Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy Abyhvqx Pjv| ZDaggereB DaggerivMx wPwKrmv DaggerkDaggerl cvDaggere
KvwldquoparaZ myrsaquo`i `vuZ|
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mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
50
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ dnotwms
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daggerQvAElig GKwU evMvDaggerb hw` ADaggerbKcedilDaggerjv MvQ daggereDaggero DVDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZDaggere ADaggerbK MvDaggerQi macr^vfvweK ebdquowtimes
weboacute nq Ges evMvbwU wKQyw`b ci Nb Rfrac12Daggerj cwiYZ nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK| ZLb hw` daggermLvb
dagger_DaggerK wKQy MvQ daggerKDaggerU daggerdjv nq ZDaggere evMvbwUi evKxMvQcedilDaggerjv iparav daggercDaggerq macr^vfvweKfvDaggere daggereDaggero
DVDaggere|
daggerZgwb gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerh cwigvY RvqMv AvDaggerQ Zvi daggerPDaggerq hw` `vuDaggerZi msLumlv daggerewk wKsev
`vuZ Lye daggerekx AvuKv evKv DuPz `uvZ _vKDaggerj ZDaggere Zv wVK KDaggeri `vuZDaggerK mywebumlvmacrmdash myrsaquo`i KDaggeri
daggerZvjvi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgq daggerivMxi wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB daggerivMx ev
Zvi AwffveK `vuZ daggerZvjvi K_v iumlbDaggerj fq cvq| Zviv fvDaggere `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ ADaggerbK euml_v
jvMDaggere ev daggerPvDaggerLi daggereordfBDaggerbi hw` daggerKvb parawZ nq| Zviv Orthodontist daggerK `vuZ bv ZzDaggerj
wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml AbyDaggeriva KDaggeri _vDaggerK| wKšlsquo ZvDagger`i G mKj aviYv mcurrenuacute~Ycopy Ag~jK| `vuZ
ZzjDaggerj daggerPvDaggerLi ev daggereordfBDaggerbi daggerKvb parawZ nqbv| GKRb AwfAacute wPwKrmK ZvB KiDaggereb hv KiDaggerj
daggerivMxi wPwKrmv fvDaggerjvfvDaggere mcurrenuacutebœ nDaggere Ges daggerivMx I Zvi AwffveK mšlsquowoacute jvf KiDaggere| Avi
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM wbw copyoacute rsquovb fvDaggerjvfvDaggere Aek KDaggeri wbDaggerj Ges wPwKrmDaggerKi dagger`qv DcDagger`k `vuZ
daggerZvjvi w`b I cieZcopyx KDaggerqKw`b mwVKfvDaggere daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj `vuZ daggerZvjvi ci daggerivMxi daggerZgb daggerKvb
Amyweav nq bv ejDaggerjB PDaggerj|
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`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM
`vuZ daggerZvjvi cDaggeri
53
ADaggerbDaggerKB AvDaggerQb hviv ivDaggerZ NygvDaggerbvi AvDaggerM Ges mKvDaggerj bvmacrmdashv Lvevi ci `vuZ eordfvk
KDaggerib `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Kvj wejcurren^ bv KDaggeri `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggerib
`vuDaggerZi mymacrrsquoZvi Rbuml hv hv `iKvi Zviv Zv-B KDaggerib| GmeB nDaggerjv fvDaggerjv Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi
Rbuml LyeB DcKvix|
wKšlsquo Ggb wKQy Afumlvm AvDaggerQ hv gyL I `vuDaggerZi macr^vDaggermacrrsquoumli Rbuml LyeB parawZKi| Gme
e`AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi bvbv aiDaggerYi mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q| GB AfumlvmcedilDaggerjvi gDaggerauml Avfrac12yj
daggerPvlv wRnŸampv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv ev daggerVjv dagger`Iqv daggerKvb mgmumlv bv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI gyL w`Daggerq wbkbrvbarvm
daggerbqv daggerVvuU I bL KvgovDaggerbv AbumlZg|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK| evev gv hw` GUv daggerLqvj KDaggerib ZDaggere wkiumlDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere daggerh Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv Lvivc| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz nDaggerq hvq ADaggerbK mgq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bvI coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Open bite) bxDaggerPi
54
daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZcedilDaggerjv msKzwPZ nDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK hZUzKz daggerXDaggerK ivLv
DwPZ Zv KDaggerg daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerbvi ci I hw` Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm bv KDaggerg ZDaggere wkiumli 2-3 eQi eqm
chcopyšmdash ADaggercparav KiDaggerZ nDaggere| ADaggerbK mgq 3 eQi eqDaggermi ci wkiumli GB Afumlvm PDaggerj hvq|
ZviciI hw` wkiuml G Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere GKRb AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12
civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| wPwKrmK `iKvi gDaggerb nDaggerj daggerKvb Appliance ev hšiquest w`Daggereb hv
wkiumlDaggerK GB Afumlvm `~i KiDaggerZ mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wkiumli hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK ZDaggere DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DPuy nDaggerq hvq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bv coDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerivMx gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri
wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq Avcbvi daggermvbvgwbi hw` Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml
parawZKi ZDaggere cOuml_DaggergB ZvDaggerK eySvb| ZvDaggerZ KvR bv nDaggerj Aemacrrsquov hvDaggerZ AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv
hvq daggermRbuml AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy Kisbquob|
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OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
56
CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
57
KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
59
GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
60
ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
61
daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
27
mvaviYfvDaggere Crowding ejDaggerZ daggerKvb wKQyi AvwaKumlDaggerK daggerevSvq| wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi
fvlvq gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv _vKvi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi macr^vfvweK webumlvm evavMOumlmacrrsquo nDaggerq daggerh
wekbdquoldquoLjZv mbdquowoacute nq ZvDaggerK Crowding eDaggerj|
KviYmg~nt wewfbœ KviDaggerY gyDaggerL Crowding nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Zvi gDaggerauml DDaggerjshyLDaggerhvMuml
KviYmg~n bxDaggerP Dagger`qv njt
1 gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi AvKvi AvKhellipwZi mvgAumlmuml bv _vKDaggerj|
2 `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj|
3 `ya `vuZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi ADaggerbK AvDaggerM cDaggero daggerMDaggerj
4 macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVDaggerZ dagger`ix nDaggerj
5 AvNvZ daggercDaggerj
6 DaggerKvb `vuZ evowZ _vKDaggerj
7 Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj
28
8 daggerPvqvj macr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes bv daggercDaggerj
Crowding wbYcopyqt
1 daggerivMxi gyLMnŸi chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri|
2 DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Model ev cOumlwZiƒc dagger`DaggerL
3 GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL|
Crowding Gi djvdj t
`vuDaggerZi Dci cOumlfvet Gi dDaggerj `vuZ Zvi wbDaggerRi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK NyDaggeri daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri
`vuZ daggernDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri GgbwK daggerKvb daggerKvb `vuZ bvI DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Dci cOumlfve t
1 DaggerivMx mvgvwRKfvDaggere wewfbœ mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
2 DaggermŠrsaquo`hcopynvwb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
3 `vuZ wVKgZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ bv cvivi KviDaggerY `vuZ I gvwoi wewfbœ daggerivDaggerM Avmicrovšmdash
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
4 nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmv t
1 cOumlwZDaggerivag~jK eumlemacrrsquovt
hw` daggerivMxi cwievDaggeri KvDaggeriv `vuDaggerZ Crowding _vDaggerK ZDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist-Gi chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ covi mwVK mgq bv Avmv chcopyšmdash `ya `vuZDaggerK msiparaY Kivi daggerPoacutev KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggerKvb paraqDaggerivM dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerZ daggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml
boacute bv nq|
Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj ZumlvM KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ mwVK mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj Zv wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq daggerdDaggerj dagger`qvi eumlemacrrsquov KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
29
gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere avivevwnKfvDaggere wbw`copyoacute wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerK
wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi fvlvq Serial extraction ejv nq|
2 msDaggerkvab g~jK eumlemacrrsquov t
K) DaggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml evovDaggerbv
DaggerPvqvjDaggerK cOumlmvwiZ Kiv
mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK wKQyUv DuPz Kiv
Daggergvjvi `vuZDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerUDaggerb Daggerbqv
vuDaggerZi AvKvi daggerQvU KDaggeri daggerdjv
`vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjv t
Crowding Gi cwigvY Lye daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontist wVK KiDaggereb daggerKvb `vuZwU
daggerdjDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
Crowding Lye daggerewk nDaggerj ev gvSvwi aiDaggerYi nDaggerj Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggerq
Removable ev Fixed daggerh daggerKvb GK aiDaggerYi appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggereb|
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Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi
msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy AvDaggerm| wKšlsquo daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` DcDaggerii cvwUcopyi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy bv
AvDaggerm Ges Gi dDaggerj DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi cvwUcopyi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mecopy`v dvuKv macrrsquovb _vDaggerK Ges gyL
mcurrenuacute~YcopyiƒDaggerc eUuml bv nq ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Open Bite eDaggerj|
mvaviYfvDaggere Open Bite ejDaggerZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi
Kvgo bv jvMvDaggerK daggerevSvq|
Open bite mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ ev wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Open Bite Gi KviY
mg~nt Avfrac12yj weDaggerkl KDaggeri ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Open bite nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
31
wRnŸv macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ eo _vKDaggerj ev hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjvavdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm
_vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS _vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi
DcDaggerii AsDaggerk (occlusal surface) -G _vDaggerK ZDaggere Open Bite nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
G Qvov daggerivMx hw` Bony Dysplasia Congenital wmwdwjm BZumlvw` daggerivDaggerM fyDaggerM
_vDaggerK ZDaggereI Open bite Gi mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt Open bite Gi wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml mecopycOuml_g daggerivMxDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOuml_Daggerg Open bite nevi KviY
mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggereb| hw` daggerivMxi Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK
ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm `~i Kivi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb
KDaggerib ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm ~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance)
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib daggerivMxDaggerK|
Open bite hw` gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj hvq ZDaggere Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontic
appliance eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri hv Fixed ev Removable daggerh daggerKvb iKgB
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
hw` daggerPvqvDaggerji nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Open bite dagger`Lv hvq Ges daggerivMxi eqm hw` 6-12 eQi
nq ZDaggere Chin cap (Chin cap bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi ev bxDaggerPi w`DaggerKi ebdquowtimes
nIqvDaggerK cOumlwZDaggeriva KDaggeri) Gi mvDagger_ High pull head gear eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nevi ci Ges macrrsquovqx `vuZ me DVvi ci daggerPvqvDaggerji Amacr^vfvweK
ebdquowtimesRwbZ KviDaggerY daggerh Open bite nq Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Surgery Kiv DaggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq KvDaggeriv Open bite Gi mgmumlv _vKDaggerj AvovDaggerj Zvi mgvDaggerjvPbv bv
KDaggeri AvgvDagger`i mKDaggerji DwPZ ZvDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ
ejv| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cieZcopyx KiYxq mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy ejDaggerZ cviDaggereb| Zvui
civgkcopy Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY KiDaggerj Open bite wbivgq Kiv mcurrencente|
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`šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv Class II Malocclusion DaggerK `yB fvDaggerM fvM KDaggeriDaggerQb|
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion
2 Class II division 2 malocclusion
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion t
hw` KvDaggeriv daggerclY `vuDaggerZi mcurrenuacuteKcopy (Molar relation) Class II _vDaggerK Ges DcDaggerii
DaggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZ cedilDaggerjv DPz _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv Class II Division 1 Gi Ašmdashfycopysup3|
Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK
(Convex profile) DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ daggerewk daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL
DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK daggerewk mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| `vuZ DuPz nevi KviDaggerY
daggerivMx ADaggerbK mgq `yB daggerVuvU eUuml KiDaggerZ cvDaggeribv|
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2 Class II division 2 Malocclusion
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc Molar Relation Class II _vKDaggere A_copyvr DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev
Molar `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev Molar `vuDaggerZi dagger_DaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ mvgDaggerb
Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv wKQyUv wfZDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb
KiDaggere| mvaviYZ DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj GKB iKg AemacrrsquovDaggerb _vKDaggere (Straight Profile)
DcDaggerii `vuZcedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK cyDaggerivUv daggerXDaggerK ivLDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`ix bv KDaggeri GKRb Orthodontist daggerK Rvbvb|
Orthodontist wewfbœ chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri wPwKrmv ctimeswZ wVK KiDaggereb|
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Avcbvi AvDaggerk cvDaggerki gvbylcedilDaggerjvDaggerK GKUz fvDaggerjvfvDaggere jpara KiDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggereb daggerewki
fvM gvbyDaggerliB DcDaggeri daggerPvqvj Ges DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji
`vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ mvgvbuml GKUz mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK| Ges GUvB nDaggerjv macr^vfvweK| wKšlsquo wKQy gvbyDaggerli
daggerparaDaggerIcirc Gi DDaggereumlvUv dagger`Lv dagger`q| A_copyvr ZvDagger`i bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK _vDaggerK DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj ev DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ| GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi
fvlvq eDaggerj Class III malocclusion|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
`yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| 1Uv nDaggerjv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY| GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii
cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi
MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb dagger`DaggerL GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wKfvDaggere wPwKrmv KiDaggerj
daggerivMx mDaggerecopyvEumlg djvdj cvq|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion nq ZDaggere Orthodontic
Treatment A_copyvr iumlaygvIcirc Brace cwoDaggerqB wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere evošmdash ev cwiYZ daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB| ZDaggere Lye daggerewk eqDaggerm wPwKrmv KivDaggerj wPwKrmvi mgq daggereDaggero hvDaggere|
hw` evošmdash eqDaggerm nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion dagger`Lv dagger`q ZDaggere
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvjDaggerK mvgDaggerb Avbvi Rbuml ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvjDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerbqvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK wewfbœ
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aiDaggerYi hšiquest dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri eumlenvDaggerii Rbuml| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Face Mask Chin Cap DDaggerjshyL
daggerhvMuml|
hw` cwiYZ eqDaggerm gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerqi Class III malocclusion hv nvDaggerii MVDaggerbi
KviDaggerY nDaggerqDaggerQ Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ ZDaggere kjuml wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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evBgumlvmiddot
evBgvmiddot `y aiDaggerbi nq| evBgumlvwmiddotjvix cOumlUzordfmb Ges evBgumlvwmiddot jvix cOumlwKnotDaggerbmb| wK KwVb
katilde| Avmyb Lye mnDaggerR daggerRDaggerb daggerbB `uvZ I gvwoi Avi GK mgmumlv hvi bvg evBgvmiddot|
evBgumlvmiddot mgmumlvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj wKsev `uvZ wKsev DfqB mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK DPzu _vDaggerK| dDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv daggerVvU DPzu nDaggerq _vKv GgbwK gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ
cviv mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
mvavibZ `uvZ hw` Zzjbvg~jK fvDaggere eo GgbwK daggerPvqvj jcurren^v wKsev daggerXvK wMjvi mgq
wRnev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK Amacr^vfvweK fvDaggere `uvZDaggerK mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK daggerVjv w`Daggerj GB aiDaggerbi mgmumlv nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| NveovDaggerbvi wKQzB daggerbB GB mgmumlvi mgvavb Lye myrsaquo`i KDaggeri GK AwfAacute ADagger_copyDaggerWbwUdivide
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib| gDaggerb ivLDaggerZ nDaggere cOumlv_wgK Aemacrrsquovq GB mgmumlvi mgvavb KiDaggerj ZZUv RwUjZv nq
bv| eDaggerqvmwUuml KvDaggerji c~Daggere eDaggerqvmmwUuml KvDaggerji mgq Ges cDaggeri wPwKrmv eumlemacrrsquov cbdquo_K cbdquo_K nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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myrsaquo`Daggerii c~Rvix mKDaggerjB ZvB GB mgmumlv mgvavb KDaggeri
Avcwb nDaggerq DVyb myrsaquo`i `uvZ I nvwmi AwaKvix
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daggerMR `vuZ(High Canine) DPz KZcopyb `vuZ t
AvgvDagger`i gyDaggerL eqm 5 eQi chcopyšmdash daggerh 20 wU `vuZ _vDaggerK Zvi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ
_vDaggerK| eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ 20wU `ya `vuZ hLb cDaggero wMDaggerq macrrsquovqx `vuZ DDaggerV ZLbI daggergvU
32wU `vuDaggerZi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ _vDaggerK| G KZcopyb `uvZcedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi 4wU daggerKvbvq AewmacrrsquoZ| ZvB
GDagger`iDaggerK Corner Stone of mouth eDaggerj| bvg iumlbDaggerjB daggerevSv hvq G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Lv`uml`ordfeumlDaggerK
KZcopyb KiDaggerZ Ges wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri| G `vuZ cedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK kwsup3kvjx| KviY G `vuDaggerZi
GbvDaggergDaggerji cyisbquoZiexcl Daggerewk Ges mvgDaggerbi 4wU `vuDaggerZi (Pecopyb `vuZ-Incisor tooth) ciciB
AewmacrrsquoZ| daggerKvb daggerKvb mgq wewfbœ KviY ekZt G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Zvi wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK wfbœ
AemacrrsquovDaggerb dagger`Lv hvq| hw` G `vuZcedilDaggerjv gvwoi gDaggerauml ev DcDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri ZLb ZvDaggerK
High Canine ev daggerMR `vuZ ejv nq| Avevi KLDaggerbv GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv Zvjyi w`K w`Daggerq DDaggerV|
ZLb GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK Palataly placed canine eDaggerj| Avevi KLDaggerbv I gvwo ev Zvjyi wfZDaggeri
G `vuZ Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| ZLb ZvDaggerK Impacted Canine ejv nq| GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi gDaggerauml
AZxe Risbquoix PviwU `vuZ| GB `vuZ daggerhgb Lv`uml`ordfeuml KZcopyb I wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri cvkvcvwk
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daggerPvqvDaggerji bovPovDaggerK wbqšiquestY KDaggeri| GB `vuZDaggerK Beauty tooth I ejv nq| ZvB G `vuDaggerZi
mvwietimesfvDaggere webumlvm LyeB Risbquoix|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ daggerh KDaggerqKwU mgmumlv ZzDaggerj aiv nDaggerjv G mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi mgvavb LyeB Risbquoix|
hw` daggerKD GiKg daggerKvb mgmumlvq fyDaggerM _vDaggerKb ZDaggere AwfAacute Orthodontist -B nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
Avcbvi myrsaquo`i nvwm wdwiDaggerq dagger`qvi cig eUumlz|
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daggerVvuU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerki wkiumlDagger`i GKwU AbumlZg
mgmumlv| wewfbœ MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv wMDaggerqDaggerQ cOumlwZ 700 RDaggerb 1 Rb daggerVvuU KvUv Ges cOumlwZ 1000 RDaggerb
1 Rb wkiuml Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| daggerVvuU KvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggerQDaggerj wkiumlDagger`i Ges
ZvjyKvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggergDaggerq-wkiumlDagger`i gvDaggerS|
wewfbœ KviDaggerY wkiuml daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri _vDaggerK| kZKiv 25 fvM daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GUv eskMZ KviDaggerY nDaggerq _vDaggerK| hw` 1 Rb ZvjyKvUv daggerivMx 1 Rb mymacrrsquo gvbylDaggerK weDaggerq KDaggeri ZDaggere
ZvDagger`i ev‛Pvi ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kivi mcurrencentvebv kZKiv 2 fvM|
Mfcopyvemacrrsquovi cOuml_g fvDaggerM gv hw` daggerKvb fvBivj BbDaggerdKkDaggerb Avmicrovšmdash nq ev kvixwiKfvDaggere
AvNvZcOumlvszlig nq ev niDaggergvDaggerbi fvimvgumlnxbZvq fyDaggerM ev wfUvwgDaggerbi AfvDaggere fyDaggerM _vDaggerK ev
daggeriwWDaggerqkDaggerb GmiddotDaggercvR nq ev _umlvwjDaggerWvgvBW RvZxq Ilya MOumlnY KDaggeri ZDaggere wkiumli daggerVvuU ev
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| KvDaggerQi AvZyenxq macr^RDaggerbi gvDaggerS weDaggerq nDaggerjI wkiuml G mgmumlv
wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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DaggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq wkiuml RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerj cwieviDaggerK bvbv aiDaggerYi mvgvwRK I gvbwmK
mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ nq| wkiuml hLb GB mgmumlv wbDaggerq eo nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZLb daggermI gvbwmKfvDaggere
nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ _vDaggerK| G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ K_v
ejDaggerZ I iumlbDaggerZ mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| `vuDaggerZi mgmumlvi gDaggerauml hv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Zvi gDaggerauml AbumlZg
nDagger‛Q-wewfbœ `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKv `vuZ wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV gyDaggerLi Abuml daggerKvb RvqMvq
DVv evowZ wKQy `vuZ _vKv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb ksup3 bv nIqv `vuDaggerZi MVb myrsaquo`i bv nIqv
gvwoi wewfbœ mgmumlv `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPy-bxPz nIqv|
daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv daggerivMxDagger`i wPwKrmv weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmKDagger`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutev Qvov mcurrencente
bq| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Orthodontist Gi f~wgKv iumlisbquo nq ev‛Pvi RDaggerbyeni ci ciB| daggerhDaggernZz daggerVvuU I
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv nq daggermRbuml wkiumli RDaggerbyeni ci ciB
gyDaggerLi wfZi covi Rbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b daggerhb wkiumli daggerLDaggerZ
daggerKvb mgmumlv bv nq|
kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wkiumli 3-6 gvm eqDaggerm daggerVvuU I 1-2 eQi eqDaggerm Zvjy wVK KiDaggerZ
nDaggere GKRb AwfAacute kjuml wPwKrmK Oslashviv| kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg daggerVvuU I Zvjy wVK Kivi ci
wkiumli DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj hvDaggerZ msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GK aiDaggerYi
Appliance ev hšiquest bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b|
wkiumli Mixed dentition stage (6-12 eQi eqm) -G gyDaggerL daggerKvb AwZwisup3 `vuZ
_vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GQvov mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Cross bite _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuZ
AvuKv evKv _vKDaggerj ev Molar ev daggerclY `vDaggerZi Relation wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere Removable ev Fixed appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo
KiDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
me macrrsquovqx `vuZ PDaggerj Avmvi ci macrrsquovqxfvDaggere daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Kvgo (Occlusion
improve) wVK Kivi Rbuml Fixed ev Removable appliance w`Daggerq Orthodontist
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb Ges daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggereb|
GB mgDaggerq gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyDaggerK wVK Kivi Rbuml cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj Bony Graft Kiv daggerhDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| Gi dDaggerj Orthodontic treatment Gi daggerh djvdj ZvI Aparazbœ _vKDaggere|
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daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLvi ci Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere daggerivMxDaggerK
Permanent Retainer bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv daggerivMxDaggerK me mgq cDaggero _vKDaggerZ nDaggere|
Amacrlsaquovi weRqx DaggerRvqvDaggerKb wdwbmiddot RDaggerbyeni mgq daggerVvuU KvuUv wQj
daggerVvuU KuvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv daggerKvb Awfkvc bq| mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg
GDaggerK mvwiDaggerq daggerZvjv mcurrencente| `iKvi iumlay mevi mDaggerPZbZv Avi mwVK mgDaggerq weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri daggerm Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY Kiv|
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ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerKvb eqDaggerm iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ Zv AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKiB ARvbv|
ADaggerbK AwffveKB eySDaggerZ cvDaggerib bv wkiumli ADagger_copyvWbwUK mgmumlvi Rbuml daggerKvb eqDaggerm
Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| AAacutevbZvi Rbuml ev Abuml daggerKvb wOslashav-OslashDaggerrsaquo`i
KviDaggerY Zviv ADaggerbK mgqB ADaggerbK dagger`ix KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb wPwKrmvi
Rbuml| dDaggerj wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc wPwKrmvi eumlvwszligKvj daggereDaggero hvq| wKQyDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK
chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc
wPwKrmvi djvdj Avkvbyiƒc nq bv| KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv KZUv
Risbquoix| GLb Avwg ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi eqm mxgv wbDaggerq AvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri AvcbvDagger`i
wKQyUv nDaggerjI aviYv dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev Kie|
AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerk ADaggerbK wkiumlB daggerVvuU ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| Kzmsmacrlsaquoviv‛Qbœ
gvbyliv GDaggerK Awfkvc ev fvDaggerMumli wjLb gDaggerb KDaggeri nvZ cv cedilwUDaggerq eDaggerm _vDaggerK daggerKvb wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri bv| wKšlsquo gDaggerb ivLDaggereb daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumli
AwffveKDagger`i DwPZ RDaggerbyeni ci ciB GKRb AwfAacute Orhodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY Kiv|
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KviY G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i RDaggerbyeni ciB cOumlavb I cOuml_g daggerh mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q Zv nDaggerjv Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mgmumlv| Orthodontist Gmgq GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv wkiumlDaggerK Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml LyeB parawZKi GKwU Afumlvm|
mvaviYZ `yB dagger_DaggerK wZb eQi eqDaggermi gDaggerauml Avcbv Avcwb wkiuml G AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KDaggeri daggerdDaggerj|
wKšlsquo ZviciI hw` wkiuml AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere AwffveKDagger`i Gi parawZKi w`KwU
mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere Ges microgvMZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv PjDaggerZ _vKDaggerj wkiumlDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj G AfumlvmwU
`~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance) bullZwi KDaggeri w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib
hvDaggerZ KDaggeri fwelumlDaggerZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi KviDaggerY wkiumli `vuDaggerZi webumlvm AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv hvq|
mvaviYZ 5-6 eQi eqm dagger_DaggerK wkiumlDagger`i `ya `vuZ coDaggerZ iumlisbquo KDaggeri| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK mgq
dagger`Lv hvq AvNvZ RwbZ paraq RwbZ ev Abuml daggerKvb daggerivDaggerMi KviDaggerY wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya
`vuZ cDaggero hvq ev daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| `vuZ covi ci daggerh dvuKv RvqMvwU _vDaggerK daggerm RvqMvwU ZLb
`yB cvDaggerki `vuZ w`Daggerq eUuml nDaggerq hvq| dDaggerj rsquovqx `vuZ DVvi Rbuml chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv daggercDaggerq
Amacr^vfvweK daggerKvb RvqMvq `vuZ DDaggerV Ges `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi mcurrencentvebv daggereDaggero hvq| GB dvuKv
macrrsquovbwU hvDaggerZ cvDaggerki `vuZ Oslashviv eUuml bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl hšiquest bullZwi
KDaggeri w`Daggereb hvDaggerK Space maintainer eDaggerj| KvDaggerRB daggerKvb `ya`vuZ hw` Zvi wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi
AvDaggerM cDaggero hvq ZDaggere dagger`ix bv KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi mvDagger_ dagger`Lv Kisbquob|
ADaggerbK ev‛PvDagger`i dagger`Lv hvq DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj daggerewk evoDaggerQ ev hZUzKz evovi K_v
ZZUzKz evoDaggerQ bv| Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc evošmdash eqDaggerm (6-12) Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cOumlDaggerqvRb AbymvDaggeri Face
mask ev Chin cap eumlenvi KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb hv ev‛Pvi DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimesDaggerK
mwVK AmacrrsquovDaggerb wbDaggerZ mnvqZv KiDaggere|
DaggerVuvU I ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i daggerVvuU I Zvjy kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wVK
Kivi ci mwVK mgq Orthodontist Gmiddotcvbmb macrŒz (Expansion screw) ZvjyDaggerZ jvwMDaggerq
dagger`b hvDaggerZ DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq| G wkiumlDagger`i 8-10 eQi eqDaggerm bone
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grafting Kivi Rbuml kjuml wPwKrmKDaggerK cOumlDaggerqvRbxq civgkcopy I mnvqZv w`Daggerq _vDaggerKb
Orthodontist|
6-12 eQi eqDaggerm hLb wkiumli gyDaggerL `ya I macrrsquovqx Dfq cOumlKvi `vuZ we`umlgvb ZLb hw`
`vuDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo (Cross bite) daggerewk Kvgo (Deep bite) dagger`Lv hvq ZDaggere
Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRbxq eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggereb hvDaggerZ fwelumlDaggerZ KvgocedilDaggerjv AvDaggeriv Lvivc -Gi w`DaggerK
bv hvq|
`ya `vuZ me cDaggero hvevi ci I macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVvi ci AvuKv evuKv DuPz -bxPz `vuZ wVK
Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS Removable Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ
ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere) ev Fixed Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere bv) w`Daggerq
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb|
ADaggerbDaggerKiB gDaggerbB cOumlkœ _vDaggerK daggerh daggerewk eqDaggerm Orthodontic wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere wKbv|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuZ nvo I GDagger`i mvDagger_ mcurrenuacuteKcopyhysup3 structure cedilDaggerjv fvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZDaggere daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv Kiv mcurrencente|
cOumlvszlig eqDaggerm hw` DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj hw` Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes daggercDaggerq _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv
wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj kjuml wPwKrmvi Oslashvimacrrsquo nDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi mdjZv wbfcopyi KDaggeri wPwKrmDaggerKi AwfAacuteZv daggerivMx I Zvi
AwffveDaggerKi mnDaggerhvwMZv I mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi Dci|
gDaggerb ivLDaggereb mgDaggerqi GK daggerdvuo AmgDaggerqi `k daggerdvuo| mwVK mgDaggerq mwVK KvRwU KiDaggerj
Avcwb daggerh djvdj cvDaggereb dagger`ix KDaggeri KvRwU KiDaggerj daggermB djvdj Avcwb bvI daggercDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
Avcbvi daggerKvb wbKURDaggerbi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj mwVK mgDaggerq Orthodontist
Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggerZ fyjDaggereb bv daggerhb|
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Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Dci Bracket
ev Brace covDaggerbv _vDaggerK| Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq
Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv wbDagger`kcopyvejx wVKgZ daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj wPwKrmv cieZcopyx RwUjZv dagger`Lv
dagger`evi mcurrencentvebv LyeB Kg|
Fixed Orthodontic treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq gyL I `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZ weDaggerkl hZœ wbDaggerZ
nDaggere| daggerhme welDaggerqi Dci daggerewk daggerewk bRi ivLDaggerZ nDaggere Zv bxDaggerP dagger`qv nDaggerjvt
1 daggerhw`b daggerivMxi gyDaggerL Bracket emvDaggerbv nDaggere Zvici dagger_DaggerK 24 NrsaquoUv chcopyšmdash ksup3 Lvevi
LvIqv DwPZ bq| GDaggerZ Bracket LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| H 24 NrsaquoUv Lye daggerRvDaggeri daggerRvDaggeri `vuZ
eordfvk Kiv I DwPZ bq| daggerivMx Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv civgkcopy Abyhvqx `vuZ eordfvk
KiDaggere I macr^vfvweK Lvevi LvDaggere|
2 Bracket covDaggerbvi 2-3 w`b chcopyšmdash daggerivMxi GKUz Amacr^wmacrmdash nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GDaggerZ fDaggerqi wKQy
daggerbB| gyDaggerL bZzb wKQy wRwbm emvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2-3 w`b ci Zv AfumlvDaggerm cwiYZ nDaggerq
hvDaggere|
3 cOumlwZevi Lvevi LvIqvi ci AekumlB `vuZ fvDaggerjvfvDaggere eordfvk KiDaggerZ nDaggere| mKvDaggerj I ivDaggerZ
daggerdnotvivBW hysup3 Uz_Daggercdivide w`Daggerq `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggere| Abumlvbuml mgq Uz_ daggercoacute Qvov eordfvk KiDaggerjI
PjDaggere|
4 cOumlwZ wZb (3) gvm ci ci Uz_eordfvk e`j KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Uz_eordfvDaggerki weordfmampjcedilDaggerjv daggerhb big
(Medium soft) nq Zv daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
5 Bracket ev appliance -Gi Dci bxDaggerP 45 daggerKvDaggerY eordfvk aDaggeri `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
6 Lye daggerRvDaggeri Pvc w`Daggerq eordfvk Kiv hvDaggere bv| GDaggerZ KDaggeri Appliance LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
7 `vuDaggerZi daggerh cvDaggerk Appliance AvDaggerQ daggermB cvDaggerk Appliance -Gi Dci AvjDaggerZvfvDaggere
NywiDaggerq NywiDaggerq eordfvk KDaggeri `vuZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| `vuDaggerZi Abumlvbuml cvkcedilDaggerjvI daggerhb
fvDaggerjvfvDaggere cwireglsaquovi Kiv nq daggermw`DaggerK daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
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8 cOumlwZevi Lvevi Gi ci eordfvk Kiv mcurrencente bv nDaggerj LyefvDaggerjv KDaggeri KzjKzwP KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
9 `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerSi gqjv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Dental Floss eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
DaggerKvb KvwV ev myuB w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerLvPvDaggerbv hvDaggere bv|
10 wRnŸv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Tongue Cleanser eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
11 cOumlDaggerqvRDaggerb fvDaggerjv Mouth Wash eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere ZDaggerewPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy
Abyhvqx|
12 `vuDaggerZi gvwo Avfrac12yj w`Daggerq Massage Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
13 daggerKvb appliance daggerfDaggerfrac12 daggerMDaggerj ev LyDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ev Appliance Gi KviDaggerY gyDaggerL daggerKvb
mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj dagger`ix bv KDaggeri mDaggerfrac12 mDaggerfrac12 Orthondontist-Gi civgkcopy wbDaggerZ nDaggere|
14 wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq ksup3 Lvevi (nvo AvL) LvIqv cwinvi KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
15 AvVvDaggerjv RvZxq Lvevi (PzBs Mvg) LvIqv ev` w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
16 daggercqviv AvDaggercj ev daggerh daggerKvb ksup3 Lvevi Kvgo w`Daggerq bv daggerLDaggerq daggerQvU daggerQvU UzKiv KDaggeri
daggerLDaggerZ nDaggere|
17 Orthodontist DaggerhfvDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK AvmDaggerZ ejDaggereb (1gvm ci ci) AekumlB Zv cvjb
KiDaggerZ nDaggere| bv nDaggerj daggerivMxi wPwKrmv daggerkl nDaggerZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi daggerewk jvMDaggere|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbPz `vuZ wVK Kivi Rbuml daggerhgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Oslashviv mwVK wPwKrmv daggerZgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerivMx Ges daggerivMxi AwffveDaggerKi
mnDaggerhvwMZv Ges Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy Abyhvqx Pjv| ZDaggereB DaggerivMx wPwKrmv DaggerkDaggerl cvDaggere
KvwldquoparaZ myrsaquo`i `vuZ|
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mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
50
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ dnotwms
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daggerQvAElig GKwU evMvDaggerb hw` ADaggerbKcedilDaggerjv MvQ daggereDaggero DVDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZDaggere ADaggerbK MvDaggerQi macr^vfvweK ebdquowtimes
weboacute nq Ges evMvbwU wKQyw`b ci Nb Rfrac12Daggerj cwiYZ nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK| ZLb hw` daggermLvb
dagger_DaggerK wKQy MvQ daggerKDaggerU daggerdjv nq ZDaggere evMvbwUi evKxMvQcedilDaggerjv iparav daggercDaggerq macr^vfvweKfvDaggere daggereDaggero
DVDaggere|
daggerZgwb gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerh cwigvY RvqMv AvDaggerQ Zvi daggerPDaggerq hw` `vuDaggerZi msLumlv daggerewk wKsev
`vuZ Lye daggerekx AvuKv evKv DuPz `uvZ _vKDaggerj ZDaggere Zv wVK KDaggeri `vuZDaggerK mywebumlvmacrmdash myrsaquo`i KDaggeri
daggerZvjvi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgq daggerivMxi wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB daggerivMx ev
Zvi AwffveK `vuZ daggerZvjvi K_v iumlbDaggerj fq cvq| Zviv fvDaggere `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ ADaggerbK euml_v
jvMDaggere ev daggerPvDaggerLi daggereordfBDaggerbi hw` daggerKvb parawZ nq| Zviv Orthodontist daggerK `vuZ bv ZzDaggerj
wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml AbyDaggeriva KDaggeri _vDaggerK| wKšlsquo ZvDagger`i G mKj aviYv mcurrenuacute~Ycopy Ag~jK| `vuZ
ZzjDaggerj daggerPvDaggerLi ev daggereordfBDaggerbi daggerKvb parawZ nqbv| GKRb AwfAacute wPwKrmK ZvB KiDaggereb hv KiDaggerj
daggerivMxi wPwKrmv fvDaggerjvfvDaggere mcurrenuacutebœ nDaggere Ges daggerivMx I Zvi AwffveK mšlsquowoacute jvf KiDaggere| Avi
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM wbw copyoacute rsquovb fvDaggerjvfvDaggere Aek KDaggeri wbDaggerj Ges wPwKrmDaggerKi dagger`qv DcDagger`k `vuZ
daggerZvjvi w`b I cieZcopyx KDaggerqKw`b mwVKfvDaggere daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj `vuZ daggerZvjvi ci daggerivMxi daggerZgb daggerKvb
Amyweav nq bv ejDaggerjB PDaggerj|
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`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM
`vuZ daggerZvjvi cDaggeri
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ADaggerbDaggerKB AvDaggerQb hviv ivDaggerZ NygvDaggerbvi AvDaggerM Ges mKvDaggerj bvmacrmdashv Lvevi ci `vuZ eordfvk
KDaggerib `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Kvj wejcurren^ bv KDaggeri `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggerib
`vuDaggerZi mymacrrsquoZvi Rbuml hv hv `iKvi Zviv Zv-B KDaggerib| GmeB nDaggerjv fvDaggerjv Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi
Rbuml LyeB DcKvix|
wKšlsquo Ggb wKQy Afumlvm AvDaggerQ hv gyL I `vuDaggerZi macr^vDaggermacrrsquoumli Rbuml LyeB parawZKi| Gme
e`AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi bvbv aiDaggerYi mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q| GB AfumlvmcedilDaggerjvi gDaggerauml Avfrac12yj
daggerPvlv wRnŸampv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv ev daggerVjv dagger`Iqv daggerKvb mgmumlv bv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI gyL w`Daggerq wbkbrvbarvm
daggerbqv daggerVvuU I bL KvgovDaggerbv AbumlZg|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK| evev gv hw` GUv daggerLqvj KDaggerib ZDaggere wkiumlDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere daggerh Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv Lvivc| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz nDaggerq hvq ADaggerbK mgq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bvI coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Open bite) bxDaggerPi
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daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZcedilDaggerjv msKzwPZ nDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK hZUzKz daggerXDaggerK ivLv
DwPZ Zv KDaggerg daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerbvi ci I hw` Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm bv KDaggerg ZDaggere wkiumli 2-3 eQi eqm
chcopyšmdash ADaggercparav KiDaggerZ nDaggere| ADaggerbK mgq 3 eQi eqDaggermi ci wkiumli GB Afumlvm PDaggerj hvq|
ZviciI hw` wkiuml G Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere GKRb AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12
civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| wPwKrmK `iKvi gDaggerb nDaggerj daggerKvb Appliance ev hšiquest w`Daggereb hv
wkiumlDaggerK GB Afumlvm `~i KiDaggerZ mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wkiumli hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK ZDaggere DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DPuy nDaggerq hvq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bv coDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerivMx gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri
wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq Avcbvi daggermvbvgwbi hw` Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml
parawZKi ZDaggere cOuml_DaggergB ZvDaggerK eySvb| ZvDaggerZ KvR bv nDaggerj Aemacrrsquov hvDaggerZ AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv
hvq daggermRbuml AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy Kisbquob|
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OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
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CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
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KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
59
GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
60
ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
61
daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
28
8 daggerPvqvj macr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes bv daggercDaggerj
Crowding wbYcopyqt
1 daggerivMxi gyLMnŸi chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri|
2 DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Model ev cOumlwZiƒc dagger`DaggerL
3 GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL|
Crowding Gi djvdj t
`vuDaggerZi Dci cOumlfvet Gi dDaggerj `vuZ Zvi wbDaggerRi mwVK Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK NyDaggeri daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri
`vuZ daggernDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri GgbwK daggerKvb daggerKvb `vuZ bvI DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Dci cOumlfve t
1 DaggerivMx mvgvwRKfvDaggere wewfbœ mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
2 DaggermŠrsaquo`hcopynvwb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
3 `vuZ wVKgZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ bv cvivi KviDaggerY `vuZ I gvwoi wewfbœ daggerivDaggerM Avmicrovšmdash
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
4 nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmv t
1 cOumlwZDaggerivag~jK eumlemacrrsquovt
hw` daggerivMxi cwievDaggeri KvDaggeriv `vuDaggerZ Crowding _vDaggerK ZDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist-Gi chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ covi mwVK mgq bv Avmv chcopyšmdash `ya `vuZDaggerK msiparaY Kivi daggerPoacutev KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggerKvb paraqDaggerivM dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerZ daggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml
boacute bv nq|
Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj ZumlvM KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
`ya `vuZ mwVK mgDaggerq bv coDaggerj Zv wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerq daggerdDaggerj dagger`qvi eumlemacrrsquov KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
29
gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere avivevwnKfvDaggere wbw`copyoacute wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerK
wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi fvlvq Serial extraction ejv nq|
2 msDaggerkvab g~jK eumlemacrrsquov t
K) DaggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml evovDaggerbv
DaggerPvqvjDaggerK cOumlmvwiZ Kiv
mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK wKQyUv DuPz Kiv
Daggergvjvi `vuZDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerUDaggerb Daggerbqv
vuDaggerZi AvKvi daggerQvU KDaggeri daggerdjv
`vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjv t
Crowding Gi cwigvY Lye daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontist wVK KiDaggereb daggerKvb `vuZwU
daggerdjDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
Crowding Lye daggerewk nDaggerj ev gvSvwi aiDaggerYi nDaggerj Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggerq
Removable ev Fixed daggerh daggerKvb GK aiDaggerYi appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggereb|
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Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi
msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy AvDaggerm| wKšlsquo daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` DcDaggerii cvwUcopyi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy bv
AvDaggerm Ges Gi dDaggerj DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi cvwUcopyi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mecopy`v dvuKv macrrsquovb _vDaggerK Ges gyL
mcurrenuacute~YcopyiƒDaggerc eUuml bv nq ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Open Bite eDaggerj|
mvaviYfvDaggere Open Bite ejDaggerZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi
Kvgo bv jvMvDaggerK daggerevSvq|
Open bite mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ ev wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Open Bite Gi KviY
mg~nt Avfrac12yj weDaggerkl KDaggeri ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Open bite nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
31
wRnŸv macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ eo _vKDaggerj ev hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjvavdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm
_vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS _vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi
DcDaggerii AsDaggerk (occlusal surface) -G _vDaggerK ZDaggere Open Bite nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
G Qvov daggerivMx hw` Bony Dysplasia Congenital wmwdwjm BZumlvw` daggerivDaggerM fyDaggerM
_vDaggerK ZDaggereI Open bite Gi mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt Open bite Gi wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml mecopycOuml_g daggerivMxDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOuml_Daggerg Open bite nevi KviY
mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggereb| hw` daggerivMxi Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK
ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm `~i Kivi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb
KDaggerib ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm ~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance)
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib daggerivMxDaggerK|
Open bite hw` gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj hvq ZDaggere Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontic
appliance eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri hv Fixed ev Removable daggerh daggerKvb iKgB
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
hw` daggerPvqvDaggerji nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Open bite dagger`Lv hvq Ges daggerivMxi eqm hw` 6-12 eQi
nq ZDaggere Chin cap (Chin cap bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi ev bxDaggerPi w`DaggerKi ebdquowtimes
nIqvDaggerK cOumlwZDaggeriva KDaggeri) Gi mvDagger_ High pull head gear eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nevi ci Ges macrrsquovqx `vuZ me DVvi ci daggerPvqvDaggerji Amacr^vfvweK
ebdquowtimesRwbZ KviDaggerY daggerh Open bite nq Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Surgery Kiv DaggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq KvDaggeriv Open bite Gi mgmumlv _vKDaggerj AvovDaggerj Zvi mgvDaggerjvPbv bv
KDaggeri AvgvDagger`i mKDaggerji DwPZ ZvDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ
ejv| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cieZcopyx KiYxq mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy ejDaggerZ cviDaggereb| Zvui
civgkcopy Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY KiDaggerj Open bite wbivgq Kiv mcurrencente|
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`šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv Class II Malocclusion DaggerK `yB fvDaggerM fvM KDaggeriDaggerQb|
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion
2 Class II division 2 malocclusion
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion t
hw` KvDaggeriv daggerclY `vuDaggerZi mcurrenuacuteKcopy (Molar relation) Class II _vDaggerK Ges DcDaggerii
DaggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZ cedilDaggerjv DPz _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv Class II Division 1 Gi Ašmdashfycopysup3|
Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK
(Convex profile) DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ daggerewk daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL
DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK daggerewk mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| `vuZ DuPz nevi KviDaggerY
daggerivMx ADaggerbK mgq `yB daggerVuvU eUuml KiDaggerZ cvDaggeribv|
33
2 Class II division 2 Malocclusion
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc Molar Relation Class II _vKDaggere A_copyvr DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev
Molar `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev Molar `vuDaggerZi dagger_DaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ mvgDaggerb
Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv wKQyUv wfZDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb
KiDaggere| mvaviYZ DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj GKB iKg AemacrrsquovDaggerb _vKDaggere (Straight Profile)
DcDaggerii `vuZcedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK cyDaggerivUv daggerXDaggerK ivLDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`ix bv KDaggeri GKRb Orthodontist daggerK Rvbvb|
Orthodontist wewfbœ chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri wPwKrmv ctimeswZ wVK KiDaggereb|
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Avcbvi AvDaggerk cvDaggerki gvbylcedilDaggerjvDaggerK GKUz fvDaggerjvfvDaggere jpara KiDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggereb daggerewki
fvM gvbyDaggerliB DcDaggeri daggerPvqvj Ges DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji
`vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ mvgvbuml GKUz mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK| Ges GUvB nDaggerjv macr^vfvweK| wKšlsquo wKQy gvbyDaggerli
daggerparaDaggerIcirc Gi DDaggereumlvUv dagger`Lv dagger`q| A_copyvr ZvDagger`i bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK _vDaggerK DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj ev DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ| GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi
fvlvq eDaggerj Class III malocclusion|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
`yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| 1Uv nDaggerjv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY| GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii
cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
35
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi
MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb dagger`DaggerL GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wKfvDaggere wPwKrmv KiDaggerj
daggerivMx mDaggerecopyvEumlg djvdj cvq|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion nq ZDaggere Orthodontic
Treatment A_copyvr iumlaygvIcirc Brace cwoDaggerqB wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere evošmdash ev cwiYZ daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB| ZDaggere Lye daggerewk eqDaggerm wPwKrmv KivDaggerj wPwKrmvi mgq daggereDaggero hvDaggere|
hw` evošmdash eqDaggerm nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion dagger`Lv dagger`q ZDaggere
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvjDaggerK mvgDaggerb Avbvi Rbuml ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvjDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerbqvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK wewfbœ
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aiDaggerYi hšiquest dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri eumlenvDaggerii Rbuml| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Face Mask Chin Cap DDaggerjshyL
daggerhvMuml|
hw` cwiYZ eqDaggerm gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerqi Class III malocclusion hv nvDaggerii MVDaggerbi
KviDaggerY nDaggerqDaggerQ Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ ZDaggere kjuml wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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evBgumlvmiddot
evBgvmiddot `y aiDaggerbi nq| evBgumlvwmiddotjvix cOumlUzordfmb Ges evBgumlvwmiddot jvix cOumlwKnotDaggerbmb| wK KwVb
katilde| Avmyb Lye mnDaggerR daggerRDaggerb daggerbB `uvZ I gvwoi Avi GK mgmumlv hvi bvg evBgvmiddot|
evBgumlvmiddot mgmumlvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj wKsev `uvZ wKsev DfqB mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK DPzu _vDaggerK| dDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv daggerVvU DPzu nDaggerq _vKv GgbwK gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ
cviv mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
mvavibZ `uvZ hw` Zzjbvg~jK fvDaggere eo GgbwK daggerPvqvj jcurren^v wKsev daggerXvK wMjvi mgq
wRnev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK Amacr^vfvweK fvDaggere `uvZDaggerK mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK daggerVjv w`Daggerj GB aiDaggerbi mgmumlv nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| NveovDaggerbvi wKQzB daggerbB GB mgmumlvi mgvavb Lye myrsaquo`i KDaggeri GK AwfAacute ADagger_copyDaggerWbwUdivide
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib| gDaggerb ivLDaggerZ nDaggere cOumlv_wgK Aemacrrsquovq GB mgmumlvi mgvavb KiDaggerj ZZUv RwUjZv nq
bv| eDaggerqvmwUuml KvDaggerji c~Daggere eDaggerqvmmwUuml KvDaggerji mgq Ges cDaggeri wPwKrmv eumlemacrrsquov cbdquo_K cbdquo_K nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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myrsaquo`Daggerii c~Rvix mKDaggerjB ZvB GB mgmumlv mgvavb KDaggeri
Avcwb nDaggerq DVyb myrsaquo`i `uvZ I nvwmi AwaKvix
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daggerMR `vuZ(High Canine) DPz KZcopyb `vuZ t
AvgvDagger`i gyDaggerL eqm 5 eQi chcopyšmdash daggerh 20 wU `vuZ _vDaggerK Zvi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ
_vDaggerK| eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ 20wU `ya `vuZ hLb cDaggero wMDaggerq macrrsquovqx `vuZ DDaggerV ZLbI daggergvU
32wU `vuDaggerZi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ _vDaggerK| G KZcopyb `uvZcedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi 4wU daggerKvbvq AewmacrrsquoZ| ZvB
GDagger`iDaggerK Corner Stone of mouth eDaggerj| bvg iumlbDaggerjB daggerevSv hvq G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Lv`uml`ordfeumlDaggerK
KZcopyb KiDaggerZ Ges wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri| G `vuZ cedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK kwsup3kvjx| KviY G `vuDaggerZi
GbvDaggergDaggerji cyisbquoZiexcl Daggerewk Ges mvgDaggerbi 4wU `vuDaggerZi (Pecopyb `vuZ-Incisor tooth) ciciB
AewmacrrsquoZ| daggerKvb daggerKvb mgq wewfbœ KviY ekZt G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Zvi wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK wfbœ
AemacrrsquovDaggerb dagger`Lv hvq| hw` G `vuZcedilDaggerjv gvwoi gDaggerauml ev DcDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri ZLb ZvDaggerK
High Canine ev daggerMR `vuZ ejv nq| Avevi KLDaggerbv GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv Zvjyi w`K w`Daggerq DDaggerV|
ZLb GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK Palataly placed canine eDaggerj| Avevi KLDaggerbv I gvwo ev Zvjyi wfZDaggeri
G `vuZ Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| ZLb ZvDaggerK Impacted Canine ejv nq| GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi gDaggerauml
AZxe Risbquoix PviwU `vuZ| GB `vuZ daggerhgb Lv`uml`ordfeuml KZcopyb I wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri cvkvcvwk
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daggerPvqvDaggerji bovPovDaggerK wbqšiquestY KDaggeri| GB `vuZDaggerK Beauty tooth I ejv nq| ZvB G `vuDaggerZi
mvwietimesfvDaggere webumlvm LyeB Risbquoix|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ daggerh KDaggerqKwU mgmumlv ZzDaggerj aiv nDaggerjv G mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi mgvavb LyeB Risbquoix|
hw` daggerKD GiKg daggerKvb mgmumlvq fyDaggerM _vDaggerKb ZDaggere AwfAacute Orthodontist -B nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
Avcbvi myrsaquo`i nvwm wdwiDaggerq dagger`qvi cig eUumlz|
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daggerVvuU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerki wkiumlDagger`i GKwU AbumlZg
mgmumlv| wewfbœ MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv wMDaggerqDaggerQ cOumlwZ 700 RDaggerb 1 Rb daggerVvuU KvUv Ges cOumlwZ 1000 RDaggerb
1 Rb wkiuml Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| daggerVvuU KvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggerQDaggerj wkiumlDagger`i Ges
ZvjyKvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggergDaggerq-wkiumlDagger`i gvDaggerS|
wewfbœ KviDaggerY wkiuml daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri _vDaggerK| kZKiv 25 fvM daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GUv eskMZ KviDaggerY nDaggerq _vDaggerK| hw` 1 Rb ZvjyKvUv daggerivMx 1 Rb mymacrrsquo gvbylDaggerK weDaggerq KDaggeri ZDaggere
ZvDagger`i ev‛Pvi ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kivi mcurrencentvebv kZKiv 2 fvM|
Mfcopyvemacrrsquovi cOuml_g fvDaggerM gv hw` daggerKvb fvBivj BbDaggerdKkDaggerb Avmicrovšmdash nq ev kvixwiKfvDaggere
AvNvZcOumlvszlig nq ev niDaggergvDaggerbi fvimvgumlnxbZvq fyDaggerM ev wfUvwgDaggerbi AfvDaggere fyDaggerM _vDaggerK ev
daggeriwWDaggerqkDaggerb GmiddotDaggercvR nq ev _umlvwjDaggerWvgvBW RvZxq Ilya MOumlnY KDaggeri ZDaggere wkiumli daggerVvuU ev
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| KvDaggerQi AvZyenxq macr^RDaggerbi gvDaggerS weDaggerq nDaggerjI wkiuml G mgmumlv
wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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DaggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq wkiuml RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerj cwieviDaggerK bvbv aiDaggerYi mvgvwRK I gvbwmK
mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ nq| wkiuml hLb GB mgmumlv wbDaggerq eo nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZLb daggermI gvbwmKfvDaggere
nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ _vDaggerK| G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ K_v
ejDaggerZ I iumlbDaggerZ mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| `vuDaggerZi mgmumlvi gDaggerauml hv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Zvi gDaggerauml AbumlZg
nDagger‛Q-wewfbœ `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKv `vuZ wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV gyDaggerLi Abuml daggerKvb RvqMvq
DVv evowZ wKQy `vuZ _vKv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb ksup3 bv nIqv `vuDaggerZi MVb myrsaquo`i bv nIqv
gvwoi wewfbœ mgmumlv `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPy-bxPz nIqv|
daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv daggerivMxDagger`i wPwKrmv weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmKDagger`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutev Qvov mcurrencente
bq| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Orthodontist Gi f~wgKv iumlisbquo nq ev‛Pvi RDaggerbyeni ci ciB| daggerhDaggernZz daggerVvuU I
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv nq daggermRbuml wkiumli RDaggerbyeni ci ciB
gyDaggerLi wfZi covi Rbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b daggerhb wkiumli daggerLDaggerZ
daggerKvb mgmumlv bv nq|
kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wkiumli 3-6 gvm eqDaggerm daggerVvuU I 1-2 eQi eqDaggerm Zvjy wVK KiDaggerZ
nDaggere GKRb AwfAacute kjuml wPwKrmK Oslashviv| kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg daggerVvuU I Zvjy wVK Kivi ci
wkiumli DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj hvDaggerZ msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GK aiDaggerYi
Appliance ev hšiquest bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b|
wkiumli Mixed dentition stage (6-12 eQi eqm) -G gyDaggerL daggerKvb AwZwisup3 `vuZ
_vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GQvov mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Cross bite _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuZ
AvuKv evKv _vKDaggerj ev Molar ev daggerclY `vDaggerZi Relation wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere Removable ev Fixed appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo
KiDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
me macrrsquovqx `vuZ PDaggerj Avmvi ci macrrsquovqxfvDaggere daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Kvgo (Occlusion
improve) wVK Kivi Rbuml Fixed ev Removable appliance w`Daggerq Orthodontist
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb Ges daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggereb|
GB mgDaggerq gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyDaggerK wVK Kivi Rbuml cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj Bony Graft Kiv daggerhDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| Gi dDaggerj Orthodontic treatment Gi daggerh djvdj ZvI Aparazbœ _vKDaggere|
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daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLvi ci Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere daggerivMxDaggerK
Permanent Retainer bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv daggerivMxDaggerK me mgq cDaggero _vKDaggerZ nDaggere|
Amacrlsaquovi weRqx DaggerRvqvDaggerKb wdwbmiddot RDaggerbyeni mgq daggerVvuU KvuUv wQj
daggerVvuU KuvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv daggerKvb Awfkvc bq| mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg
GDaggerK mvwiDaggerq daggerZvjv mcurrencente| `iKvi iumlay mevi mDaggerPZbZv Avi mwVK mgDaggerq weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri daggerm Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY Kiv|
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ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerKvb eqDaggerm iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ Zv AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKiB ARvbv|
ADaggerbK AwffveKB eySDaggerZ cvDaggerib bv wkiumli ADagger_copyvWbwUK mgmumlvi Rbuml daggerKvb eqDaggerm
Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| AAacutevbZvi Rbuml ev Abuml daggerKvb wOslashav-OslashDaggerrsaquo`i
KviDaggerY Zviv ADaggerbK mgqB ADaggerbK dagger`ix KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb wPwKrmvi
Rbuml| dDaggerj wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc wPwKrmvi eumlvwszligKvj daggereDaggero hvq| wKQyDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK
chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc
wPwKrmvi djvdj Avkvbyiƒc nq bv| KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv KZUv
Risbquoix| GLb Avwg ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi eqm mxgv wbDaggerq AvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri AvcbvDagger`i
wKQyUv nDaggerjI aviYv dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev Kie|
AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerk ADaggerbK wkiumlB daggerVvuU ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| Kzmsmacrlsaquoviv‛Qbœ
gvbyliv GDaggerK Awfkvc ev fvDaggerMumli wjLb gDaggerb KDaggeri nvZ cv cedilwUDaggerq eDaggerm _vDaggerK daggerKvb wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri bv| wKšlsquo gDaggerb ivLDaggereb daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumli
AwffveKDagger`i DwPZ RDaggerbyeni ci ciB GKRb AwfAacute Orhodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY Kiv|
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KviY G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i RDaggerbyeni ciB cOumlavb I cOuml_g daggerh mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q Zv nDaggerjv Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mgmumlv| Orthodontist Gmgq GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv wkiumlDaggerK Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml LyeB parawZKi GKwU Afumlvm|
mvaviYZ `yB dagger_DaggerK wZb eQi eqDaggermi gDaggerauml Avcbv Avcwb wkiuml G AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KDaggeri daggerdDaggerj|
wKšlsquo ZviciI hw` wkiuml AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere AwffveKDagger`i Gi parawZKi w`KwU
mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere Ges microgvMZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv PjDaggerZ _vKDaggerj wkiumlDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj G AfumlvmwU
`~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance) bullZwi KDaggeri w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib
hvDaggerZ KDaggeri fwelumlDaggerZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi KviDaggerY wkiumli `vuDaggerZi webumlvm AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv hvq|
mvaviYZ 5-6 eQi eqm dagger_DaggerK wkiumlDagger`i `ya `vuZ coDaggerZ iumlisbquo KDaggeri| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK mgq
dagger`Lv hvq AvNvZ RwbZ paraq RwbZ ev Abuml daggerKvb daggerivDaggerMi KviDaggerY wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya
`vuZ cDaggero hvq ev daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| `vuZ covi ci daggerh dvuKv RvqMvwU _vDaggerK daggerm RvqMvwU ZLb
`yB cvDaggerki `vuZ w`Daggerq eUuml nDaggerq hvq| dDaggerj rsquovqx `vuZ DVvi Rbuml chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv daggercDaggerq
Amacr^vfvweK daggerKvb RvqMvq `vuZ DDaggerV Ges `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi mcurrencentvebv daggereDaggero hvq| GB dvuKv
macrrsquovbwU hvDaggerZ cvDaggerki `vuZ Oslashviv eUuml bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl hšiquest bullZwi
KDaggeri w`Daggereb hvDaggerK Space maintainer eDaggerj| KvDaggerRB daggerKvb `ya`vuZ hw` Zvi wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi
AvDaggerM cDaggero hvq ZDaggere dagger`ix bv KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi mvDagger_ dagger`Lv Kisbquob|
ADaggerbK ev‛PvDagger`i dagger`Lv hvq DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj daggerewk evoDaggerQ ev hZUzKz evovi K_v
ZZUzKz evoDaggerQ bv| Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc evošmdash eqDaggerm (6-12) Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cOumlDaggerqvRb AbymvDaggeri Face
mask ev Chin cap eumlenvi KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb hv ev‛Pvi DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimesDaggerK
mwVK AmacrrsquovDaggerb wbDaggerZ mnvqZv KiDaggere|
DaggerVuvU I ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i daggerVvuU I Zvjy kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wVK
Kivi ci mwVK mgq Orthodontist Gmiddotcvbmb macrŒz (Expansion screw) ZvjyDaggerZ jvwMDaggerq
dagger`b hvDaggerZ DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq| G wkiumlDagger`i 8-10 eQi eqDaggerm bone
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grafting Kivi Rbuml kjuml wPwKrmKDaggerK cOumlDaggerqvRbxq civgkcopy I mnvqZv w`Daggerq _vDaggerKb
Orthodontist|
6-12 eQi eqDaggerm hLb wkiumli gyDaggerL `ya I macrrsquovqx Dfq cOumlKvi `vuZ we`umlgvb ZLb hw`
`vuDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo (Cross bite) daggerewk Kvgo (Deep bite) dagger`Lv hvq ZDaggere
Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRbxq eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggereb hvDaggerZ fwelumlDaggerZ KvgocedilDaggerjv AvDaggeriv Lvivc -Gi w`DaggerK
bv hvq|
`ya `vuZ me cDaggero hvevi ci I macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVvi ci AvuKv evuKv DuPz -bxPz `vuZ wVK
Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS Removable Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ
ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere) ev Fixed Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere bv) w`Daggerq
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb|
ADaggerbDaggerKiB gDaggerbB cOumlkœ _vDaggerK daggerh daggerewk eqDaggerm Orthodontic wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere wKbv|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuZ nvo I GDagger`i mvDagger_ mcurrenuacuteKcopyhysup3 structure cedilDaggerjv fvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZDaggere daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv Kiv mcurrencente|
cOumlvszlig eqDaggerm hw` DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj hw` Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes daggercDaggerq _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv
wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj kjuml wPwKrmvi Oslashvimacrrsquo nDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi mdjZv wbfcopyi KDaggeri wPwKrmDaggerKi AwfAacuteZv daggerivMx I Zvi
AwffveDaggerKi mnDaggerhvwMZv I mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi Dci|
gDaggerb ivLDaggereb mgDaggerqi GK daggerdvuo AmgDaggerqi `k daggerdvuo| mwVK mgDaggerq mwVK KvRwU KiDaggerj
Avcwb daggerh djvdj cvDaggereb dagger`ix KDaggeri KvRwU KiDaggerj daggermB djvdj Avcwb bvI daggercDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
Avcbvi daggerKvb wbKURDaggerbi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj mwVK mgDaggerq Orthodontist
Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggerZ fyjDaggereb bv daggerhb|
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Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Dci Bracket
ev Brace covDaggerbv _vDaggerK| Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq
Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv wbDagger`kcopyvejx wVKgZ daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj wPwKrmv cieZcopyx RwUjZv dagger`Lv
dagger`evi mcurrencentvebv LyeB Kg|
Fixed Orthodontic treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq gyL I `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZ weDaggerkl hZœ wbDaggerZ
nDaggere| daggerhme welDaggerqi Dci daggerewk daggerewk bRi ivLDaggerZ nDaggere Zv bxDaggerP dagger`qv nDaggerjvt
1 daggerhw`b daggerivMxi gyDaggerL Bracket emvDaggerbv nDaggere Zvici dagger_DaggerK 24 NrsaquoUv chcopyšmdash ksup3 Lvevi
LvIqv DwPZ bq| GDaggerZ Bracket LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| H 24 NrsaquoUv Lye daggerRvDaggeri daggerRvDaggeri `vuZ
eordfvk Kiv I DwPZ bq| daggerivMx Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv civgkcopy Abyhvqx `vuZ eordfvk
KiDaggere I macr^vfvweK Lvevi LvDaggere|
2 Bracket covDaggerbvi 2-3 w`b chcopyšmdash daggerivMxi GKUz Amacr^wmacrmdash nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GDaggerZ fDaggerqi wKQy
daggerbB| gyDaggerL bZzb wKQy wRwbm emvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2-3 w`b ci Zv AfumlvDaggerm cwiYZ nDaggerq
hvDaggere|
3 cOumlwZevi Lvevi LvIqvi ci AekumlB `vuZ fvDaggerjvfvDaggere eordfvk KiDaggerZ nDaggere| mKvDaggerj I ivDaggerZ
daggerdnotvivBW hysup3 Uz_Daggercdivide w`Daggerq `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggere| Abumlvbuml mgq Uz_ daggercoacute Qvov eordfvk KiDaggerjI
PjDaggere|
4 cOumlwZ wZb (3) gvm ci ci Uz_eordfvk e`j KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Uz_eordfvDaggerki weordfmampjcedilDaggerjv daggerhb big
(Medium soft) nq Zv daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
5 Bracket ev appliance -Gi Dci bxDaggerP 45 daggerKvDaggerY eordfvk aDaggeri `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
6 Lye daggerRvDaggeri Pvc w`Daggerq eordfvk Kiv hvDaggere bv| GDaggerZ KDaggeri Appliance LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
7 `vuDaggerZi daggerh cvDaggerk Appliance AvDaggerQ daggermB cvDaggerk Appliance -Gi Dci AvjDaggerZvfvDaggere
NywiDaggerq NywiDaggerq eordfvk KDaggeri `vuZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| `vuDaggerZi Abumlvbuml cvkcedilDaggerjvI daggerhb
fvDaggerjvfvDaggere cwireglsaquovi Kiv nq daggermw`DaggerK daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
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8 cOumlwZevi Lvevi Gi ci eordfvk Kiv mcurrencente bv nDaggerj LyefvDaggerjv KDaggeri KzjKzwP KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
9 `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerSi gqjv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Dental Floss eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
DaggerKvb KvwV ev myuB w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerLvPvDaggerbv hvDaggere bv|
10 wRnŸv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Tongue Cleanser eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
11 cOumlDaggerqvRDaggerb fvDaggerjv Mouth Wash eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere ZDaggerewPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy
Abyhvqx|
12 `vuDaggerZi gvwo Avfrac12yj w`Daggerq Massage Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
13 daggerKvb appliance daggerfDaggerfrac12 daggerMDaggerj ev LyDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ev Appliance Gi KviDaggerY gyDaggerL daggerKvb
mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj dagger`ix bv KDaggeri mDaggerfrac12 mDaggerfrac12 Orthondontist-Gi civgkcopy wbDaggerZ nDaggere|
14 wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq ksup3 Lvevi (nvo AvL) LvIqv cwinvi KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
15 AvVvDaggerjv RvZxq Lvevi (PzBs Mvg) LvIqv ev` w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
16 daggercqviv AvDaggercj ev daggerh daggerKvb ksup3 Lvevi Kvgo w`Daggerq bv daggerLDaggerq daggerQvU daggerQvU UzKiv KDaggeri
daggerLDaggerZ nDaggere|
17 Orthodontist DaggerhfvDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK AvmDaggerZ ejDaggereb (1gvm ci ci) AekumlB Zv cvjb
KiDaggerZ nDaggere| bv nDaggerj daggerivMxi wPwKrmv daggerkl nDaggerZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi daggerewk jvMDaggere|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbPz `vuZ wVK Kivi Rbuml daggerhgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Oslashviv mwVK wPwKrmv daggerZgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerivMx Ges daggerivMxi AwffveDaggerKi
mnDaggerhvwMZv Ges Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy Abyhvqx Pjv| ZDaggereB DaggerivMx wPwKrmv DaggerkDaggerl cvDaggere
KvwldquoparaZ myrsaquo`i `vuZ|
49
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
50
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ dnotwms
51
daggerQvAElig GKwU evMvDaggerb hw` ADaggerbKcedilDaggerjv MvQ daggereDaggero DVDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZDaggere ADaggerbK MvDaggerQi macr^vfvweK ebdquowtimes
weboacute nq Ges evMvbwU wKQyw`b ci Nb Rfrac12Daggerj cwiYZ nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK| ZLb hw` daggermLvb
dagger_DaggerK wKQy MvQ daggerKDaggerU daggerdjv nq ZDaggere evMvbwUi evKxMvQcedilDaggerjv iparav daggercDaggerq macr^vfvweKfvDaggere daggereDaggero
DVDaggere|
daggerZgwb gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerh cwigvY RvqMv AvDaggerQ Zvi daggerPDaggerq hw` `vuDaggerZi msLumlv daggerewk wKsev
`vuZ Lye daggerekx AvuKv evKv DuPz `uvZ _vKDaggerj ZDaggere Zv wVK KDaggeri `vuZDaggerK mywebumlvmacrmdash myrsaquo`i KDaggeri
daggerZvjvi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgq daggerivMxi wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB daggerivMx ev
Zvi AwffveK `vuZ daggerZvjvi K_v iumlbDaggerj fq cvq| Zviv fvDaggere `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ ADaggerbK euml_v
jvMDaggere ev daggerPvDaggerLi daggereordfBDaggerbi hw` daggerKvb parawZ nq| Zviv Orthodontist daggerK `vuZ bv ZzDaggerj
wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml AbyDaggeriva KDaggeri _vDaggerK| wKšlsquo ZvDagger`i G mKj aviYv mcurrenuacute~Ycopy Ag~jK| `vuZ
ZzjDaggerj daggerPvDaggerLi ev daggereordfBDaggerbi daggerKvb parawZ nqbv| GKRb AwfAacute wPwKrmK ZvB KiDaggereb hv KiDaggerj
daggerivMxi wPwKrmv fvDaggerjvfvDaggere mcurrenuacutebœ nDaggere Ges daggerivMx I Zvi AwffveK mšlsquowoacute jvf KiDaggere| Avi
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM wbw copyoacute rsquovb fvDaggerjvfvDaggere Aek KDaggeri wbDaggerj Ges wPwKrmDaggerKi dagger`qv DcDagger`k `vuZ
daggerZvjvi w`b I cieZcopyx KDaggerqKw`b mwVKfvDaggere daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj `vuZ daggerZvjvi ci daggerivMxi daggerZgb daggerKvb
Amyweav nq bv ejDaggerjB PDaggerj|
52
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM
`vuZ daggerZvjvi cDaggeri
53
ADaggerbDaggerKB AvDaggerQb hviv ivDaggerZ NygvDaggerbvi AvDaggerM Ges mKvDaggerj bvmacrmdashv Lvevi ci `vuZ eordfvk
KDaggerib `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Kvj wejcurren^ bv KDaggeri `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggerib
`vuDaggerZi mymacrrsquoZvi Rbuml hv hv `iKvi Zviv Zv-B KDaggerib| GmeB nDaggerjv fvDaggerjv Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi
Rbuml LyeB DcKvix|
wKšlsquo Ggb wKQy Afumlvm AvDaggerQ hv gyL I `vuDaggerZi macr^vDaggermacrrsquoumli Rbuml LyeB parawZKi| Gme
e`AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi bvbv aiDaggerYi mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q| GB AfumlvmcedilDaggerjvi gDaggerauml Avfrac12yj
daggerPvlv wRnŸampv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv ev daggerVjv dagger`Iqv daggerKvb mgmumlv bv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI gyL w`Daggerq wbkbrvbarvm
daggerbqv daggerVvuU I bL KvgovDaggerbv AbumlZg|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK| evev gv hw` GUv daggerLqvj KDaggerib ZDaggere wkiumlDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere daggerh Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv Lvivc| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz nDaggerq hvq ADaggerbK mgq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bvI coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Open bite) bxDaggerPi
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daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZcedilDaggerjv msKzwPZ nDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK hZUzKz daggerXDaggerK ivLv
DwPZ Zv KDaggerg daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerbvi ci I hw` Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm bv KDaggerg ZDaggere wkiumli 2-3 eQi eqm
chcopyšmdash ADaggercparav KiDaggerZ nDaggere| ADaggerbK mgq 3 eQi eqDaggermi ci wkiumli GB Afumlvm PDaggerj hvq|
ZviciI hw` wkiuml G Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere GKRb AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12
civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| wPwKrmK `iKvi gDaggerb nDaggerj daggerKvb Appliance ev hšiquest w`Daggereb hv
wkiumlDaggerK GB Afumlvm `~i KiDaggerZ mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wkiumli hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK ZDaggere DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DPuy nDaggerq hvq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bv coDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerivMx gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri
wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq Avcbvi daggermvbvgwbi hw` Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml
parawZKi ZDaggere cOuml_DaggergB ZvDaggerK eySvb| ZvDaggerZ KvR bv nDaggerj Aemacrrsquov hvDaggerZ AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv
hvq daggermRbuml AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy Kisbquob|
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OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
56
CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
57
KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
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GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
60
ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
61
daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
29
gyDaggerL evowZ daggerKvb `vuZ _vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere avivevwnKfvDaggere wbw`copyoacute wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere hvDaggerK
wPwKrmv weAacutevDaggerbi fvlvq Serial extraction ejv nq|
2 msDaggerkvab g~jK eumlemacrrsquov t
K) DaggerPvqvDaggerji bull`Ncopyuml evovDaggerbv
DaggerPvqvjDaggerK cOumlmvwiZ Kiv
mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK wKQyUv DuPz Kiv
Daggergvjvi `vuZDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerUDaggerb Daggerbqv
vuDaggerZi AvKvi daggerQvU KDaggeri daggerdjv
`vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjv t
Crowding Gi cwigvY Lye daggerewk nDaggerj Orthodontist wVK KiDaggereb daggerKvb `vuZwU
daggerdjDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
Crowding Lye daggerewk nDaggerj ev gvSvwi aiDaggerYi nDaggerj Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggerq
Removable ev Fixed daggerh daggerKvb GK aiDaggerYi appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggereb|
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Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi
msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy AvDaggerm| wKšlsquo daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` DcDaggerii cvwUcopyi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy bv
AvDaggerm Ges Gi dDaggerj DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi cvwUcopyi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mecopy`v dvuKv macrrsquovb _vDaggerK Ges gyL
mcurrenuacute~YcopyiƒDaggerc eUuml bv nq ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Open Bite eDaggerj|
mvaviYfvDaggere Open Bite ejDaggerZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi
Kvgo bv jvMvDaggerK daggerevSvq|
Open bite mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ ev wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Open Bite Gi KviY
mg~nt Avfrac12yj weDaggerkl KDaggeri ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Open bite nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
31
wRnŸv macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ eo _vKDaggerj ev hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjvavdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm
_vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS _vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi
DcDaggerii AsDaggerk (occlusal surface) -G _vDaggerK ZDaggere Open Bite nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
G Qvov daggerivMx hw` Bony Dysplasia Congenital wmwdwjm BZumlvw` daggerivDaggerM fyDaggerM
_vDaggerK ZDaggereI Open bite Gi mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt Open bite Gi wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml mecopycOuml_g daggerivMxDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOuml_Daggerg Open bite nevi KviY
mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggereb| hw` daggerivMxi Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK
ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm `~i Kivi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb
KDaggerib ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm ~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance)
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib daggerivMxDaggerK|
Open bite hw` gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj hvq ZDaggere Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontic
appliance eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri hv Fixed ev Removable daggerh daggerKvb iKgB
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
hw` daggerPvqvDaggerji nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Open bite dagger`Lv hvq Ges daggerivMxi eqm hw` 6-12 eQi
nq ZDaggere Chin cap (Chin cap bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi ev bxDaggerPi w`DaggerKi ebdquowtimes
nIqvDaggerK cOumlwZDaggeriva KDaggeri) Gi mvDagger_ High pull head gear eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nevi ci Ges macrrsquovqx `vuZ me DVvi ci daggerPvqvDaggerji Amacr^vfvweK
ebdquowtimesRwbZ KviDaggerY daggerh Open bite nq Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Surgery Kiv DaggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq KvDaggeriv Open bite Gi mgmumlv _vKDaggerj AvovDaggerj Zvi mgvDaggerjvPbv bv
KDaggeri AvgvDagger`i mKDaggerji DwPZ ZvDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ
ejv| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cieZcopyx KiYxq mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy ejDaggerZ cviDaggereb| Zvui
civgkcopy Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY KiDaggerj Open bite wbivgq Kiv mcurrencente|
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`šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv Class II Malocclusion DaggerK `yB fvDaggerM fvM KDaggeriDaggerQb|
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion
2 Class II division 2 malocclusion
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion t
hw` KvDaggeriv daggerclY `vuDaggerZi mcurrenuacuteKcopy (Molar relation) Class II _vDaggerK Ges DcDaggerii
DaggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZ cedilDaggerjv DPz _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv Class II Division 1 Gi Ašmdashfycopysup3|
Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK
(Convex profile) DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ daggerewk daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL
DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK daggerewk mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| `vuZ DuPz nevi KviDaggerY
daggerivMx ADaggerbK mgq `yB daggerVuvU eUuml KiDaggerZ cvDaggeribv|
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2 Class II division 2 Malocclusion
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc Molar Relation Class II _vKDaggere A_copyvr DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev
Molar `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev Molar `vuDaggerZi dagger_DaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ mvgDaggerb
Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv wKQyUv wfZDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb
KiDaggere| mvaviYZ DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj GKB iKg AemacrrsquovDaggerb _vKDaggere (Straight Profile)
DcDaggerii `vuZcedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK cyDaggerivUv daggerXDaggerK ivLDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`ix bv KDaggeri GKRb Orthodontist daggerK Rvbvb|
Orthodontist wewfbœ chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri wPwKrmv ctimeswZ wVK KiDaggereb|
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Avcbvi AvDaggerk cvDaggerki gvbylcedilDaggerjvDaggerK GKUz fvDaggerjvfvDaggere jpara KiDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggereb daggerewki
fvM gvbyDaggerliB DcDaggeri daggerPvqvj Ges DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji
`vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ mvgvbuml GKUz mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK| Ges GUvB nDaggerjv macr^vfvweK| wKšlsquo wKQy gvbyDaggerli
daggerparaDaggerIcirc Gi DDaggereumlvUv dagger`Lv dagger`q| A_copyvr ZvDagger`i bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK _vDaggerK DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj ev DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ| GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi
fvlvq eDaggerj Class III malocclusion|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
`yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| 1Uv nDaggerjv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY| GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii
cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
35
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi
MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb dagger`DaggerL GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wKfvDaggere wPwKrmv KiDaggerj
daggerivMx mDaggerecopyvEumlg djvdj cvq|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion nq ZDaggere Orthodontic
Treatment A_copyvr iumlaygvIcirc Brace cwoDaggerqB wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere evošmdash ev cwiYZ daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB| ZDaggere Lye daggerewk eqDaggerm wPwKrmv KivDaggerj wPwKrmvi mgq daggereDaggero hvDaggere|
hw` evošmdash eqDaggerm nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion dagger`Lv dagger`q ZDaggere
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvjDaggerK mvgDaggerb Avbvi Rbuml ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvjDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerbqvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK wewfbœ
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aiDaggerYi hšiquest dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri eumlenvDaggerii Rbuml| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Face Mask Chin Cap DDaggerjshyL
daggerhvMuml|
hw` cwiYZ eqDaggerm gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerqi Class III malocclusion hv nvDaggerii MVDaggerbi
KviDaggerY nDaggerqDaggerQ Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ ZDaggere kjuml wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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evBgumlvmiddot
evBgvmiddot `y aiDaggerbi nq| evBgumlvwmiddotjvix cOumlUzordfmb Ges evBgumlvwmiddot jvix cOumlwKnotDaggerbmb| wK KwVb
katilde| Avmyb Lye mnDaggerR daggerRDaggerb daggerbB `uvZ I gvwoi Avi GK mgmumlv hvi bvg evBgvmiddot|
evBgumlvmiddot mgmumlvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj wKsev `uvZ wKsev DfqB mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK DPzu _vDaggerK| dDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv daggerVvU DPzu nDaggerq _vKv GgbwK gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ
cviv mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
mvavibZ `uvZ hw` Zzjbvg~jK fvDaggere eo GgbwK daggerPvqvj jcurren^v wKsev daggerXvK wMjvi mgq
wRnev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK Amacr^vfvweK fvDaggere `uvZDaggerK mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK daggerVjv w`Daggerj GB aiDaggerbi mgmumlv nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| NveovDaggerbvi wKQzB daggerbB GB mgmumlvi mgvavb Lye myrsaquo`i KDaggeri GK AwfAacute ADagger_copyDaggerWbwUdivide
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib| gDaggerb ivLDaggerZ nDaggere cOumlv_wgK Aemacrrsquovq GB mgmumlvi mgvavb KiDaggerj ZZUv RwUjZv nq
bv| eDaggerqvmwUuml KvDaggerji c~Daggere eDaggerqvmmwUuml KvDaggerji mgq Ges cDaggeri wPwKrmv eumlemacrrsquov cbdquo_K cbdquo_K nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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myrsaquo`Daggerii c~Rvix mKDaggerjB ZvB GB mgmumlv mgvavb KDaggeri
Avcwb nDaggerq DVyb myrsaquo`i `uvZ I nvwmi AwaKvix
39
daggerMR `vuZ(High Canine) DPz KZcopyb `vuZ t
AvgvDagger`i gyDaggerL eqm 5 eQi chcopyšmdash daggerh 20 wU `vuZ _vDaggerK Zvi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ
_vDaggerK| eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ 20wU `ya `vuZ hLb cDaggero wMDaggerq macrrsquovqx `vuZ DDaggerV ZLbI daggergvU
32wU `vuDaggerZi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ _vDaggerK| G KZcopyb `uvZcedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi 4wU daggerKvbvq AewmacrrsquoZ| ZvB
GDagger`iDaggerK Corner Stone of mouth eDaggerj| bvg iumlbDaggerjB daggerevSv hvq G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Lv`uml`ordfeumlDaggerK
KZcopyb KiDaggerZ Ges wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri| G `vuZ cedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK kwsup3kvjx| KviY G `vuDaggerZi
GbvDaggergDaggerji cyisbquoZiexcl Daggerewk Ges mvgDaggerbi 4wU `vuDaggerZi (Pecopyb `vuZ-Incisor tooth) ciciB
AewmacrrsquoZ| daggerKvb daggerKvb mgq wewfbœ KviY ekZt G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Zvi wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK wfbœ
AemacrrsquovDaggerb dagger`Lv hvq| hw` G `vuZcedilDaggerjv gvwoi gDaggerauml ev DcDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri ZLb ZvDaggerK
High Canine ev daggerMR `vuZ ejv nq| Avevi KLDaggerbv GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv Zvjyi w`K w`Daggerq DDaggerV|
ZLb GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK Palataly placed canine eDaggerj| Avevi KLDaggerbv I gvwo ev Zvjyi wfZDaggeri
G `vuZ Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| ZLb ZvDaggerK Impacted Canine ejv nq| GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi gDaggerauml
AZxe Risbquoix PviwU `vuZ| GB `vuZ daggerhgb Lv`uml`ordfeuml KZcopyb I wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri cvkvcvwk
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daggerPvqvDaggerji bovPovDaggerK wbqšiquestY KDaggeri| GB `vuZDaggerK Beauty tooth I ejv nq| ZvB G `vuDaggerZi
mvwietimesfvDaggere webumlvm LyeB Risbquoix|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ daggerh KDaggerqKwU mgmumlv ZzDaggerj aiv nDaggerjv G mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi mgvavb LyeB Risbquoix|
hw` daggerKD GiKg daggerKvb mgmumlvq fyDaggerM _vDaggerKb ZDaggere AwfAacute Orthodontist -B nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
Avcbvi myrsaquo`i nvwm wdwiDaggerq dagger`qvi cig eUumlz|
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daggerVvuU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerki wkiumlDagger`i GKwU AbumlZg
mgmumlv| wewfbœ MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv wMDaggerqDaggerQ cOumlwZ 700 RDaggerb 1 Rb daggerVvuU KvUv Ges cOumlwZ 1000 RDaggerb
1 Rb wkiuml Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| daggerVvuU KvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggerQDaggerj wkiumlDagger`i Ges
ZvjyKvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggergDaggerq-wkiumlDagger`i gvDaggerS|
wewfbœ KviDaggerY wkiuml daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri _vDaggerK| kZKiv 25 fvM daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GUv eskMZ KviDaggerY nDaggerq _vDaggerK| hw` 1 Rb ZvjyKvUv daggerivMx 1 Rb mymacrrsquo gvbylDaggerK weDaggerq KDaggeri ZDaggere
ZvDagger`i ev‛Pvi ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kivi mcurrencentvebv kZKiv 2 fvM|
Mfcopyvemacrrsquovi cOuml_g fvDaggerM gv hw` daggerKvb fvBivj BbDaggerdKkDaggerb Avmicrovšmdash nq ev kvixwiKfvDaggere
AvNvZcOumlvszlig nq ev niDaggergvDaggerbi fvimvgumlnxbZvq fyDaggerM ev wfUvwgDaggerbi AfvDaggere fyDaggerM _vDaggerK ev
daggeriwWDaggerqkDaggerb GmiddotDaggercvR nq ev _umlvwjDaggerWvgvBW RvZxq Ilya MOumlnY KDaggeri ZDaggere wkiumli daggerVvuU ev
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| KvDaggerQi AvZyenxq macr^RDaggerbi gvDaggerS weDaggerq nDaggerjI wkiuml G mgmumlv
wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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DaggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq wkiuml RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerj cwieviDaggerK bvbv aiDaggerYi mvgvwRK I gvbwmK
mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ nq| wkiuml hLb GB mgmumlv wbDaggerq eo nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZLb daggermI gvbwmKfvDaggere
nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ _vDaggerK| G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ K_v
ejDaggerZ I iumlbDaggerZ mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| `vuDaggerZi mgmumlvi gDaggerauml hv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Zvi gDaggerauml AbumlZg
nDagger‛Q-wewfbœ `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKv `vuZ wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV gyDaggerLi Abuml daggerKvb RvqMvq
DVv evowZ wKQy `vuZ _vKv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb ksup3 bv nIqv `vuDaggerZi MVb myrsaquo`i bv nIqv
gvwoi wewfbœ mgmumlv `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPy-bxPz nIqv|
daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv daggerivMxDagger`i wPwKrmv weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmKDagger`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutev Qvov mcurrencente
bq| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Orthodontist Gi f~wgKv iumlisbquo nq ev‛Pvi RDaggerbyeni ci ciB| daggerhDaggernZz daggerVvuU I
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv nq daggermRbuml wkiumli RDaggerbyeni ci ciB
gyDaggerLi wfZi covi Rbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b daggerhb wkiumli daggerLDaggerZ
daggerKvb mgmumlv bv nq|
kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wkiumli 3-6 gvm eqDaggerm daggerVvuU I 1-2 eQi eqDaggerm Zvjy wVK KiDaggerZ
nDaggere GKRb AwfAacute kjuml wPwKrmK Oslashviv| kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg daggerVvuU I Zvjy wVK Kivi ci
wkiumli DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj hvDaggerZ msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GK aiDaggerYi
Appliance ev hšiquest bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b|
wkiumli Mixed dentition stage (6-12 eQi eqm) -G gyDaggerL daggerKvb AwZwisup3 `vuZ
_vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GQvov mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Cross bite _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuZ
AvuKv evKv _vKDaggerj ev Molar ev daggerclY `vDaggerZi Relation wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere Removable ev Fixed appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo
KiDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
me macrrsquovqx `vuZ PDaggerj Avmvi ci macrrsquovqxfvDaggere daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Kvgo (Occlusion
improve) wVK Kivi Rbuml Fixed ev Removable appliance w`Daggerq Orthodontist
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb Ges daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggereb|
GB mgDaggerq gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyDaggerK wVK Kivi Rbuml cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj Bony Graft Kiv daggerhDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| Gi dDaggerj Orthodontic treatment Gi daggerh djvdj ZvI Aparazbœ _vKDaggere|
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daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLvi ci Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere daggerivMxDaggerK
Permanent Retainer bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv daggerivMxDaggerK me mgq cDaggero _vKDaggerZ nDaggere|
Amacrlsaquovi weRqx DaggerRvqvDaggerKb wdwbmiddot RDaggerbyeni mgq daggerVvuU KvuUv wQj
daggerVvuU KuvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv daggerKvb Awfkvc bq| mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg
GDaggerK mvwiDaggerq daggerZvjv mcurrencente| `iKvi iumlay mevi mDaggerPZbZv Avi mwVK mgDaggerq weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri daggerm Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY Kiv|
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ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerKvb eqDaggerm iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ Zv AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKiB ARvbv|
ADaggerbK AwffveKB eySDaggerZ cvDaggerib bv wkiumli ADagger_copyvWbwUK mgmumlvi Rbuml daggerKvb eqDaggerm
Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| AAacutevbZvi Rbuml ev Abuml daggerKvb wOslashav-OslashDaggerrsaquo`i
KviDaggerY Zviv ADaggerbK mgqB ADaggerbK dagger`ix KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb wPwKrmvi
Rbuml| dDaggerj wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc wPwKrmvi eumlvwszligKvj daggereDaggero hvq| wKQyDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK
chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc
wPwKrmvi djvdj Avkvbyiƒc nq bv| KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv KZUv
Risbquoix| GLb Avwg ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi eqm mxgv wbDaggerq AvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri AvcbvDagger`i
wKQyUv nDaggerjI aviYv dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev Kie|
AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerk ADaggerbK wkiumlB daggerVvuU ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| Kzmsmacrlsaquoviv‛Qbœ
gvbyliv GDaggerK Awfkvc ev fvDaggerMumli wjLb gDaggerb KDaggeri nvZ cv cedilwUDaggerq eDaggerm _vDaggerK daggerKvb wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri bv| wKšlsquo gDaggerb ivLDaggereb daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumli
AwffveKDagger`i DwPZ RDaggerbyeni ci ciB GKRb AwfAacute Orhodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY Kiv|
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KviY G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i RDaggerbyeni ciB cOumlavb I cOuml_g daggerh mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q Zv nDaggerjv Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mgmumlv| Orthodontist Gmgq GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv wkiumlDaggerK Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml LyeB parawZKi GKwU Afumlvm|
mvaviYZ `yB dagger_DaggerK wZb eQi eqDaggermi gDaggerauml Avcbv Avcwb wkiuml G AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KDaggeri daggerdDaggerj|
wKšlsquo ZviciI hw` wkiuml AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere AwffveKDagger`i Gi parawZKi w`KwU
mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere Ges microgvMZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv PjDaggerZ _vKDaggerj wkiumlDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj G AfumlvmwU
`~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance) bullZwi KDaggeri w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib
hvDaggerZ KDaggeri fwelumlDaggerZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi KviDaggerY wkiumli `vuDaggerZi webumlvm AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv hvq|
mvaviYZ 5-6 eQi eqm dagger_DaggerK wkiumlDagger`i `ya `vuZ coDaggerZ iumlisbquo KDaggeri| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK mgq
dagger`Lv hvq AvNvZ RwbZ paraq RwbZ ev Abuml daggerKvb daggerivDaggerMi KviDaggerY wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya
`vuZ cDaggero hvq ev daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| `vuZ covi ci daggerh dvuKv RvqMvwU _vDaggerK daggerm RvqMvwU ZLb
`yB cvDaggerki `vuZ w`Daggerq eUuml nDaggerq hvq| dDaggerj rsquovqx `vuZ DVvi Rbuml chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv daggercDaggerq
Amacr^vfvweK daggerKvb RvqMvq `vuZ DDaggerV Ges `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi mcurrencentvebv daggereDaggero hvq| GB dvuKv
macrrsquovbwU hvDaggerZ cvDaggerki `vuZ Oslashviv eUuml bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl hšiquest bullZwi
KDaggeri w`Daggereb hvDaggerK Space maintainer eDaggerj| KvDaggerRB daggerKvb `ya`vuZ hw` Zvi wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi
AvDaggerM cDaggero hvq ZDaggere dagger`ix bv KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi mvDagger_ dagger`Lv Kisbquob|
ADaggerbK ev‛PvDagger`i dagger`Lv hvq DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj daggerewk evoDaggerQ ev hZUzKz evovi K_v
ZZUzKz evoDaggerQ bv| Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc evošmdash eqDaggerm (6-12) Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cOumlDaggerqvRb AbymvDaggeri Face
mask ev Chin cap eumlenvi KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb hv ev‛Pvi DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimesDaggerK
mwVK AmacrrsquovDaggerb wbDaggerZ mnvqZv KiDaggere|
DaggerVuvU I ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i daggerVvuU I Zvjy kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wVK
Kivi ci mwVK mgq Orthodontist Gmiddotcvbmb macrŒz (Expansion screw) ZvjyDaggerZ jvwMDaggerq
dagger`b hvDaggerZ DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq| G wkiumlDagger`i 8-10 eQi eqDaggerm bone
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grafting Kivi Rbuml kjuml wPwKrmKDaggerK cOumlDaggerqvRbxq civgkcopy I mnvqZv w`Daggerq _vDaggerKb
Orthodontist|
6-12 eQi eqDaggerm hLb wkiumli gyDaggerL `ya I macrrsquovqx Dfq cOumlKvi `vuZ we`umlgvb ZLb hw`
`vuDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo (Cross bite) daggerewk Kvgo (Deep bite) dagger`Lv hvq ZDaggere
Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRbxq eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggereb hvDaggerZ fwelumlDaggerZ KvgocedilDaggerjv AvDaggeriv Lvivc -Gi w`DaggerK
bv hvq|
`ya `vuZ me cDaggero hvevi ci I macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVvi ci AvuKv evuKv DuPz -bxPz `vuZ wVK
Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS Removable Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ
ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere) ev Fixed Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere bv) w`Daggerq
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb|
ADaggerbDaggerKiB gDaggerbB cOumlkœ _vDaggerK daggerh daggerewk eqDaggerm Orthodontic wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere wKbv|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuZ nvo I GDagger`i mvDagger_ mcurrenuacuteKcopyhysup3 structure cedilDaggerjv fvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZDaggere daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv Kiv mcurrencente|
cOumlvszlig eqDaggerm hw` DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj hw` Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes daggercDaggerq _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv
wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj kjuml wPwKrmvi Oslashvimacrrsquo nDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi mdjZv wbfcopyi KDaggeri wPwKrmDaggerKi AwfAacuteZv daggerivMx I Zvi
AwffveDaggerKi mnDaggerhvwMZv I mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi Dci|
gDaggerb ivLDaggereb mgDaggerqi GK daggerdvuo AmgDaggerqi `k daggerdvuo| mwVK mgDaggerq mwVK KvRwU KiDaggerj
Avcwb daggerh djvdj cvDaggereb dagger`ix KDaggeri KvRwU KiDaggerj daggermB djvdj Avcwb bvI daggercDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
Avcbvi daggerKvb wbKURDaggerbi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj mwVK mgDaggerq Orthodontist
Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggerZ fyjDaggereb bv daggerhb|
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Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Dci Bracket
ev Brace covDaggerbv _vDaggerK| Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq
Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv wbDagger`kcopyvejx wVKgZ daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj wPwKrmv cieZcopyx RwUjZv dagger`Lv
dagger`evi mcurrencentvebv LyeB Kg|
Fixed Orthodontic treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq gyL I `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZ weDaggerkl hZœ wbDaggerZ
nDaggere| daggerhme welDaggerqi Dci daggerewk daggerewk bRi ivLDaggerZ nDaggere Zv bxDaggerP dagger`qv nDaggerjvt
1 daggerhw`b daggerivMxi gyDaggerL Bracket emvDaggerbv nDaggere Zvici dagger_DaggerK 24 NrsaquoUv chcopyšmdash ksup3 Lvevi
LvIqv DwPZ bq| GDaggerZ Bracket LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| H 24 NrsaquoUv Lye daggerRvDaggeri daggerRvDaggeri `vuZ
eordfvk Kiv I DwPZ bq| daggerivMx Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv civgkcopy Abyhvqx `vuZ eordfvk
KiDaggere I macr^vfvweK Lvevi LvDaggere|
2 Bracket covDaggerbvi 2-3 w`b chcopyšmdash daggerivMxi GKUz Amacr^wmacrmdash nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GDaggerZ fDaggerqi wKQy
daggerbB| gyDaggerL bZzb wKQy wRwbm emvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2-3 w`b ci Zv AfumlvDaggerm cwiYZ nDaggerq
hvDaggere|
3 cOumlwZevi Lvevi LvIqvi ci AekumlB `vuZ fvDaggerjvfvDaggere eordfvk KiDaggerZ nDaggere| mKvDaggerj I ivDaggerZ
daggerdnotvivBW hysup3 Uz_Daggercdivide w`Daggerq `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggere| Abumlvbuml mgq Uz_ daggercoacute Qvov eordfvk KiDaggerjI
PjDaggere|
4 cOumlwZ wZb (3) gvm ci ci Uz_eordfvk e`j KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Uz_eordfvDaggerki weordfmampjcedilDaggerjv daggerhb big
(Medium soft) nq Zv daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
5 Bracket ev appliance -Gi Dci bxDaggerP 45 daggerKvDaggerY eordfvk aDaggeri `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
6 Lye daggerRvDaggeri Pvc w`Daggerq eordfvk Kiv hvDaggere bv| GDaggerZ KDaggeri Appliance LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
7 `vuDaggerZi daggerh cvDaggerk Appliance AvDaggerQ daggermB cvDaggerk Appliance -Gi Dci AvjDaggerZvfvDaggere
NywiDaggerq NywiDaggerq eordfvk KDaggeri `vuZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| `vuDaggerZi Abumlvbuml cvkcedilDaggerjvI daggerhb
fvDaggerjvfvDaggere cwireglsaquovi Kiv nq daggermw`DaggerK daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
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8 cOumlwZevi Lvevi Gi ci eordfvk Kiv mcurrencente bv nDaggerj LyefvDaggerjv KDaggeri KzjKzwP KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
9 `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerSi gqjv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Dental Floss eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
DaggerKvb KvwV ev myuB w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerLvPvDaggerbv hvDaggere bv|
10 wRnŸv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Tongue Cleanser eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
11 cOumlDaggerqvRDaggerb fvDaggerjv Mouth Wash eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere ZDaggerewPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy
Abyhvqx|
12 `vuDaggerZi gvwo Avfrac12yj w`Daggerq Massage Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
13 daggerKvb appliance daggerfDaggerfrac12 daggerMDaggerj ev LyDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ev Appliance Gi KviDaggerY gyDaggerL daggerKvb
mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj dagger`ix bv KDaggeri mDaggerfrac12 mDaggerfrac12 Orthondontist-Gi civgkcopy wbDaggerZ nDaggere|
14 wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq ksup3 Lvevi (nvo AvL) LvIqv cwinvi KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
15 AvVvDaggerjv RvZxq Lvevi (PzBs Mvg) LvIqv ev` w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
16 daggercqviv AvDaggercj ev daggerh daggerKvb ksup3 Lvevi Kvgo w`Daggerq bv daggerLDaggerq daggerQvU daggerQvU UzKiv KDaggeri
daggerLDaggerZ nDaggere|
17 Orthodontist DaggerhfvDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK AvmDaggerZ ejDaggereb (1gvm ci ci) AekumlB Zv cvjb
KiDaggerZ nDaggere| bv nDaggerj daggerivMxi wPwKrmv daggerkl nDaggerZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi daggerewk jvMDaggere|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbPz `vuZ wVK Kivi Rbuml daggerhgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Oslashviv mwVK wPwKrmv daggerZgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerivMx Ges daggerivMxi AwffveDaggerKi
mnDaggerhvwMZv Ges Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy Abyhvqx Pjv| ZDaggereB DaggerivMx wPwKrmv DaggerkDaggerl cvDaggere
KvwldquoparaZ myrsaquo`i `vuZ|
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mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
50
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ dnotwms
51
daggerQvAElig GKwU evMvDaggerb hw` ADaggerbKcedilDaggerjv MvQ daggereDaggero DVDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZDaggere ADaggerbK MvDaggerQi macr^vfvweK ebdquowtimes
weboacute nq Ges evMvbwU wKQyw`b ci Nb Rfrac12Daggerj cwiYZ nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK| ZLb hw` daggermLvb
dagger_DaggerK wKQy MvQ daggerKDaggerU daggerdjv nq ZDaggere evMvbwUi evKxMvQcedilDaggerjv iparav daggercDaggerq macr^vfvweKfvDaggere daggereDaggero
DVDaggere|
daggerZgwb gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerh cwigvY RvqMv AvDaggerQ Zvi daggerPDaggerq hw` `vuDaggerZi msLumlv daggerewk wKsev
`vuZ Lye daggerekx AvuKv evKv DuPz `uvZ _vKDaggerj ZDaggere Zv wVK KDaggeri `vuZDaggerK mywebumlvmacrmdash myrsaquo`i KDaggeri
daggerZvjvi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgq daggerivMxi wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB daggerivMx ev
Zvi AwffveK `vuZ daggerZvjvi K_v iumlbDaggerj fq cvq| Zviv fvDaggere `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ ADaggerbK euml_v
jvMDaggere ev daggerPvDaggerLi daggereordfBDaggerbi hw` daggerKvb parawZ nq| Zviv Orthodontist daggerK `vuZ bv ZzDaggerj
wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml AbyDaggeriva KDaggeri _vDaggerK| wKšlsquo ZvDagger`i G mKj aviYv mcurrenuacute~Ycopy Ag~jK| `vuZ
ZzjDaggerj daggerPvDaggerLi ev daggereordfBDaggerbi daggerKvb parawZ nqbv| GKRb AwfAacute wPwKrmK ZvB KiDaggereb hv KiDaggerj
daggerivMxi wPwKrmv fvDaggerjvfvDaggere mcurrenuacutebœ nDaggere Ges daggerivMx I Zvi AwffveK mšlsquowoacute jvf KiDaggere| Avi
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM wbw copyoacute rsquovb fvDaggerjvfvDaggere Aek KDaggeri wbDaggerj Ges wPwKrmDaggerKi dagger`qv DcDagger`k `vuZ
daggerZvjvi w`b I cieZcopyx KDaggerqKw`b mwVKfvDaggere daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj `vuZ daggerZvjvi ci daggerivMxi daggerZgb daggerKvb
Amyweav nq bv ejDaggerjB PDaggerj|
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`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM
`vuZ daggerZvjvi cDaggeri
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ADaggerbDaggerKB AvDaggerQb hviv ivDaggerZ NygvDaggerbvi AvDaggerM Ges mKvDaggerj bvmacrmdashv Lvevi ci `vuZ eordfvk
KDaggerib `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Kvj wejcurren^ bv KDaggeri `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggerib
`vuDaggerZi mymacrrsquoZvi Rbuml hv hv `iKvi Zviv Zv-B KDaggerib| GmeB nDaggerjv fvDaggerjv Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi
Rbuml LyeB DcKvix|
wKšlsquo Ggb wKQy Afumlvm AvDaggerQ hv gyL I `vuDaggerZi macr^vDaggermacrrsquoumli Rbuml LyeB parawZKi| Gme
e`AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi bvbv aiDaggerYi mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q| GB AfumlvmcedilDaggerjvi gDaggerauml Avfrac12yj
daggerPvlv wRnŸampv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv ev daggerVjv dagger`Iqv daggerKvb mgmumlv bv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI gyL w`Daggerq wbkbrvbarvm
daggerbqv daggerVvuU I bL KvgovDaggerbv AbumlZg|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK| evev gv hw` GUv daggerLqvj KDaggerib ZDaggere wkiumlDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere daggerh Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv Lvivc| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz nDaggerq hvq ADaggerbK mgq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bvI coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Open bite) bxDaggerPi
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daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZcedilDaggerjv msKzwPZ nDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK hZUzKz daggerXDaggerK ivLv
DwPZ Zv KDaggerg daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerbvi ci I hw` Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm bv KDaggerg ZDaggere wkiumli 2-3 eQi eqm
chcopyšmdash ADaggercparav KiDaggerZ nDaggere| ADaggerbK mgq 3 eQi eqDaggermi ci wkiumli GB Afumlvm PDaggerj hvq|
ZviciI hw` wkiuml G Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere GKRb AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12
civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| wPwKrmK `iKvi gDaggerb nDaggerj daggerKvb Appliance ev hšiquest w`Daggereb hv
wkiumlDaggerK GB Afumlvm `~i KiDaggerZ mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wkiumli hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK ZDaggere DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DPuy nDaggerq hvq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bv coDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerivMx gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri
wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq Avcbvi daggermvbvgwbi hw` Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml
parawZKi ZDaggere cOuml_DaggergB ZvDaggerK eySvb| ZvDaggerZ KvR bv nDaggerj Aemacrrsquov hvDaggerZ AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv
hvq daggermRbuml AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy Kisbquob|
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OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
56
CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
57
KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
59
GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
60
ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
61
daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
30
Avgiv hLb Kvgo dagger`B ZLb DcDaggerii cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi cOumlwZwU `vuDaggerZi
msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy AvDaggerm| wKšlsquo daggerKvb KviDaggerY hw` DcDaggerii cvwUcopyi `vuZ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi msmacruacuteDaggerkcopy bv
AvDaggerm Ges Gi dDaggerj DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi cvwUcopyi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS mecopy`v dvuKv macrrsquovb _vDaggerK Ges gyL
mcurrenuacute~YcopyiƒDaggerc eUuml bv nq ZDaggere ZvDaggerK Open Bite eDaggerj|
mvaviYfvDaggere Open Bite ejDaggerZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi
Kvgo bv jvMvDaggerK daggerevSvq|
Open bite mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ ev wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Open Bite Gi KviY
mg~nt Avfrac12yj weDaggerkl KDaggeri ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Open bite nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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wRnŸv macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ eo _vKDaggerj ev hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjvavdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm
_vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS _vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi
DcDaggerii AsDaggerk (occlusal surface) -G _vDaggerK ZDaggere Open Bite nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
G Qvov daggerivMx hw` Bony Dysplasia Congenital wmwdwjm BZumlvw` daggerivDaggerM fyDaggerM
_vDaggerK ZDaggereI Open bite Gi mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt Open bite Gi wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml mecopycOuml_g daggerivMxDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOuml_Daggerg Open bite nevi KviY
mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggereb| hw` daggerivMxi Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK
ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm `~i Kivi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb
KDaggerib ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm ~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance)
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib daggerivMxDaggerK|
Open bite hw` gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj hvq ZDaggere Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontic
appliance eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri hv Fixed ev Removable daggerh daggerKvb iKgB
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
hw` daggerPvqvDaggerji nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Open bite dagger`Lv hvq Ges daggerivMxi eqm hw` 6-12 eQi
nq ZDaggere Chin cap (Chin cap bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi ev bxDaggerPi w`DaggerKi ebdquowtimes
nIqvDaggerK cOumlwZDaggeriva KDaggeri) Gi mvDagger_ High pull head gear eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nevi ci Ges macrrsquovqx `vuZ me DVvi ci daggerPvqvDaggerji Amacr^vfvweK
ebdquowtimesRwbZ KviDaggerY daggerh Open bite nq Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Surgery Kiv DaggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq KvDaggeriv Open bite Gi mgmumlv _vKDaggerj AvovDaggerj Zvi mgvDaggerjvPbv bv
KDaggeri AvgvDagger`i mKDaggerji DwPZ ZvDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ
ejv| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cieZcopyx KiYxq mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy ejDaggerZ cviDaggereb| Zvui
civgkcopy Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY KiDaggerj Open bite wbivgq Kiv mcurrencente|
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`šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv Class II Malocclusion DaggerK `yB fvDaggerM fvM KDaggeriDaggerQb|
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion
2 Class II division 2 malocclusion
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion t
hw` KvDaggeriv daggerclY `vuDaggerZi mcurrenuacuteKcopy (Molar relation) Class II _vDaggerK Ges DcDaggerii
DaggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZ cedilDaggerjv DPz _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv Class II Division 1 Gi Ašmdashfycopysup3|
Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK
(Convex profile) DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ daggerewk daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL
DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK daggerewk mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| `vuZ DuPz nevi KviDaggerY
daggerivMx ADaggerbK mgq `yB daggerVuvU eUuml KiDaggerZ cvDaggeribv|
33
2 Class II division 2 Malocclusion
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc Molar Relation Class II _vKDaggere A_copyvr DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev
Molar `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev Molar `vuDaggerZi dagger_DaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ mvgDaggerb
Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv wKQyUv wfZDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb
KiDaggere| mvaviYZ DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj GKB iKg AemacrrsquovDaggerb _vKDaggere (Straight Profile)
DcDaggerii `vuZcedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK cyDaggerivUv daggerXDaggerK ivLDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`ix bv KDaggeri GKRb Orthodontist daggerK Rvbvb|
Orthodontist wewfbœ chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri wPwKrmv ctimeswZ wVK KiDaggereb|
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Avcbvi AvDaggerk cvDaggerki gvbylcedilDaggerjvDaggerK GKUz fvDaggerjvfvDaggere jpara KiDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggereb daggerewki
fvM gvbyDaggerliB DcDaggeri daggerPvqvj Ges DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji
`vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ mvgvbuml GKUz mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK| Ges GUvB nDaggerjv macr^vfvweK| wKšlsquo wKQy gvbyDaggerli
daggerparaDaggerIcirc Gi DDaggereumlvUv dagger`Lv dagger`q| A_copyvr ZvDagger`i bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK _vDaggerK DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj ev DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ| GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi
fvlvq eDaggerj Class III malocclusion|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
`yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| 1Uv nDaggerjv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY| GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii
cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
35
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi
MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb dagger`DaggerL GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wKfvDaggere wPwKrmv KiDaggerj
daggerivMx mDaggerecopyvEumlg djvdj cvq|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion nq ZDaggere Orthodontic
Treatment A_copyvr iumlaygvIcirc Brace cwoDaggerqB wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere evošmdash ev cwiYZ daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB| ZDaggere Lye daggerewk eqDaggerm wPwKrmv KivDaggerj wPwKrmvi mgq daggereDaggero hvDaggere|
hw` evošmdash eqDaggerm nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion dagger`Lv dagger`q ZDaggere
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvjDaggerK mvgDaggerb Avbvi Rbuml ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvjDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerbqvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK wewfbœ
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aiDaggerYi hšiquest dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri eumlenvDaggerii Rbuml| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Face Mask Chin Cap DDaggerjshyL
daggerhvMuml|
hw` cwiYZ eqDaggerm gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerqi Class III malocclusion hv nvDaggerii MVDaggerbi
KviDaggerY nDaggerqDaggerQ Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ ZDaggere kjuml wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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evBgumlvmiddot
evBgvmiddot `y aiDaggerbi nq| evBgumlvwmiddotjvix cOumlUzordfmb Ges evBgumlvwmiddot jvix cOumlwKnotDaggerbmb| wK KwVb
katilde| Avmyb Lye mnDaggerR daggerRDaggerb daggerbB `uvZ I gvwoi Avi GK mgmumlv hvi bvg evBgvmiddot|
evBgumlvmiddot mgmumlvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj wKsev `uvZ wKsev DfqB mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK DPzu _vDaggerK| dDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv daggerVvU DPzu nDaggerq _vKv GgbwK gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ
cviv mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
mvavibZ `uvZ hw` Zzjbvg~jK fvDaggere eo GgbwK daggerPvqvj jcurren^v wKsev daggerXvK wMjvi mgq
wRnev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK Amacr^vfvweK fvDaggere `uvZDaggerK mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK daggerVjv w`Daggerj GB aiDaggerbi mgmumlv nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| NveovDaggerbvi wKQzB daggerbB GB mgmumlvi mgvavb Lye myrsaquo`i KDaggeri GK AwfAacute ADagger_copyDaggerWbwUdivide
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib| gDaggerb ivLDaggerZ nDaggere cOumlv_wgK Aemacrrsquovq GB mgmumlvi mgvavb KiDaggerj ZZUv RwUjZv nq
bv| eDaggerqvmwUuml KvDaggerji c~Daggere eDaggerqvmmwUuml KvDaggerji mgq Ges cDaggeri wPwKrmv eumlemacrrsquov cbdquo_K cbdquo_K nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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myrsaquo`Daggerii c~Rvix mKDaggerjB ZvB GB mgmumlv mgvavb KDaggeri
Avcwb nDaggerq DVyb myrsaquo`i `uvZ I nvwmi AwaKvix
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daggerMR `vuZ(High Canine) DPz KZcopyb `vuZ t
AvgvDagger`i gyDaggerL eqm 5 eQi chcopyšmdash daggerh 20 wU `vuZ _vDaggerK Zvi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ
_vDaggerK| eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ 20wU `ya `vuZ hLb cDaggero wMDaggerq macrrsquovqx `vuZ DDaggerV ZLbI daggergvU
32wU `vuDaggerZi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ _vDaggerK| G KZcopyb `uvZcedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi 4wU daggerKvbvq AewmacrrsquoZ| ZvB
GDagger`iDaggerK Corner Stone of mouth eDaggerj| bvg iumlbDaggerjB daggerevSv hvq G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Lv`uml`ordfeumlDaggerK
KZcopyb KiDaggerZ Ges wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri| G `vuZ cedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK kwsup3kvjx| KviY G `vuDaggerZi
GbvDaggergDaggerji cyisbquoZiexcl Daggerewk Ges mvgDaggerbi 4wU `vuDaggerZi (Pecopyb `vuZ-Incisor tooth) ciciB
AewmacrrsquoZ| daggerKvb daggerKvb mgq wewfbœ KviY ekZt G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Zvi wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK wfbœ
AemacrrsquovDaggerb dagger`Lv hvq| hw` G `vuZcedilDaggerjv gvwoi gDaggerauml ev DcDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri ZLb ZvDaggerK
High Canine ev daggerMR `vuZ ejv nq| Avevi KLDaggerbv GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv Zvjyi w`K w`Daggerq DDaggerV|
ZLb GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK Palataly placed canine eDaggerj| Avevi KLDaggerbv I gvwo ev Zvjyi wfZDaggeri
G `vuZ Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| ZLb ZvDaggerK Impacted Canine ejv nq| GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi gDaggerauml
AZxe Risbquoix PviwU `vuZ| GB `vuZ daggerhgb Lv`uml`ordfeuml KZcopyb I wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri cvkvcvwk
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daggerPvqvDaggerji bovPovDaggerK wbqšiquestY KDaggeri| GB `vuZDaggerK Beauty tooth I ejv nq| ZvB G `vuDaggerZi
mvwietimesfvDaggere webumlvm LyeB Risbquoix|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ daggerh KDaggerqKwU mgmumlv ZzDaggerj aiv nDaggerjv G mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi mgvavb LyeB Risbquoix|
hw` daggerKD GiKg daggerKvb mgmumlvq fyDaggerM _vDaggerKb ZDaggere AwfAacute Orthodontist -B nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
Avcbvi myrsaquo`i nvwm wdwiDaggerq dagger`qvi cig eUumlz|
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daggerVvuU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerki wkiumlDagger`i GKwU AbumlZg
mgmumlv| wewfbœ MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv wMDaggerqDaggerQ cOumlwZ 700 RDaggerb 1 Rb daggerVvuU KvUv Ges cOumlwZ 1000 RDaggerb
1 Rb wkiuml Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| daggerVvuU KvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggerQDaggerj wkiumlDagger`i Ges
ZvjyKvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggergDaggerq-wkiumlDagger`i gvDaggerS|
wewfbœ KviDaggerY wkiuml daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri _vDaggerK| kZKiv 25 fvM daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GUv eskMZ KviDaggerY nDaggerq _vDaggerK| hw` 1 Rb ZvjyKvUv daggerivMx 1 Rb mymacrrsquo gvbylDaggerK weDaggerq KDaggeri ZDaggere
ZvDagger`i ev‛Pvi ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kivi mcurrencentvebv kZKiv 2 fvM|
Mfcopyvemacrrsquovi cOuml_g fvDaggerM gv hw` daggerKvb fvBivj BbDaggerdKkDaggerb Avmicrovšmdash nq ev kvixwiKfvDaggere
AvNvZcOumlvszlig nq ev niDaggergvDaggerbi fvimvgumlnxbZvq fyDaggerM ev wfUvwgDaggerbi AfvDaggere fyDaggerM _vDaggerK ev
daggeriwWDaggerqkDaggerb GmiddotDaggercvR nq ev _umlvwjDaggerWvgvBW RvZxq Ilya MOumlnY KDaggeri ZDaggere wkiumli daggerVvuU ev
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| KvDaggerQi AvZyenxq macr^RDaggerbi gvDaggerS weDaggerq nDaggerjI wkiuml G mgmumlv
wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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DaggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq wkiuml RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerj cwieviDaggerK bvbv aiDaggerYi mvgvwRK I gvbwmK
mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ nq| wkiuml hLb GB mgmumlv wbDaggerq eo nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZLb daggermI gvbwmKfvDaggere
nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ _vDaggerK| G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ K_v
ejDaggerZ I iumlbDaggerZ mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| `vuDaggerZi mgmumlvi gDaggerauml hv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Zvi gDaggerauml AbumlZg
nDagger‛Q-wewfbœ `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKv `vuZ wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV gyDaggerLi Abuml daggerKvb RvqMvq
DVv evowZ wKQy `vuZ _vKv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb ksup3 bv nIqv `vuDaggerZi MVb myrsaquo`i bv nIqv
gvwoi wewfbœ mgmumlv `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPy-bxPz nIqv|
daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv daggerivMxDagger`i wPwKrmv weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmKDagger`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutev Qvov mcurrencente
bq| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Orthodontist Gi f~wgKv iumlisbquo nq ev‛Pvi RDaggerbyeni ci ciB| daggerhDaggernZz daggerVvuU I
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv nq daggermRbuml wkiumli RDaggerbyeni ci ciB
gyDaggerLi wfZi covi Rbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b daggerhb wkiumli daggerLDaggerZ
daggerKvb mgmumlv bv nq|
kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wkiumli 3-6 gvm eqDaggerm daggerVvuU I 1-2 eQi eqDaggerm Zvjy wVK KiDaggerZ
nDaggere GKRb AwfAacute kjuml wPwKrmK Oslashviv| kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg daggerVvuU I Zvjy wVK Kivi ci
wkiumli DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj hvDaggerZ msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GK aiDaggerYi
Appliance ev hšiquest bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b|
wkiumli Mixed dentition stage (6-12 eQi eqm) -G gyDaggerL daggerKvb AwZwisup3 `vuZ
_vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GQvov mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Cross bite _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuZ
AvuKv evKv _vKDaggerj ev Molar ev daggerclY `vDaggerZi Relation wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere Removable ev Fixed appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo
KiDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
me macrrsquovqx `vuZ PDaggerj Avmvi ci macrrsquovqxfvDaggere daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Kvgo (Occlusion
improve) wVK Kivi Rbuml Fixed ev Removable appliance w`Daggerq Orthodontist
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb Ges daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggereb|
GB mgDaggerq gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyDaggerK wVK Kivi Rbuml cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj Bony Graft Kiv daggerhDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| Gi dDaggerj Orthodontic treatment Gi daggerh djvdj ZvI Aparazbœ _vKDaggere|
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daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLvi ci Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere daggerivMxDaggerK
Permanent Retainer bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv daggerivMxDaggerK me mgq cDaggero _vKDaggerZ nDaggere|
Amacrlsaquovi weRqx DaggerRvqvDaggerKb wdwbmiddot RDaggerbyeni mgq daggerVvuU KvuUv wQj
daggerVvuU KuvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv daggerKvb Awfkvc bq| mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg
GDaggerK mvwiDaggerq daggerZvjv mcurrencente| `iKvi iumlay mevi mDaggerPZbZv Avi mwVK mgDaggerq weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri daggerm Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY Kiv|
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ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerKvb eqDaggerm iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ Zv AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKiB ARvbv|
ADaggerbK AwffveKB eySDaggerZ cvDaggerib bv wkiumli ADagger_copyvWbwUK mgmumlvi Rbuml daggerKvb eqDaggerm
Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| AAacutevbZvi Rbuml ev Abuml daggerKvb wOslashav-OslashDaggerrsaquo`i
KviDaggerY Zviv ADaggerbK mgqB ADaggerbK dagger`ix KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb wPwKrmvi
Rbuml| dDaggerj wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc wPwKrmvi eumlvwszligKvj daggereDaggero hvq| wKQyDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK
chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc
wPwKrmvi djvdj Avkvbyiƒc nq bv| KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv KZUv
Risbquoix| GLb Avwg ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi eqm mxgv wbDaggerq AvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri AvcbvDagger`i
wKQyUv nDaggerjI aviYv dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev Kie|
AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerk ADaggerbK wkiumlB daggerVvuU ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| Kzmsmacrlsaquoviv‛Qbœ
gvbyliv GDaggerK Awfkvc ev fvDaggerMumli wjLb gDaggerb KDaggeri nvZ cv cedilwUDaggerq eDaggerm _vDaggerK daggerKvb wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri bv| wKšlsquo gDaggerb ivLDaggereb daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumli
AwffveKDagger`i DwPZ RDaggerbyeni ci ciB GKRb AwfAacute Orhodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY Kiv|
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KviY G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i RDaggerbyeni ciB cOumlavb I cOuml_g daggerh mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q Zv nDaggerjv Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mgmumlv| Orthodontist Gmgq GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv wkiumlDaggerK Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml LyeB parawZKi GKwU Afumlvm|
mvaviYZ `yB dagger_DaggerK wZb eQi eqDaggermi gDaggerauml Avcbv Avcwb wkiuml G AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KDaggeri daggerdDaggerj|
wKšlsquo ZviciI hw` wkiuml AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere AwffveKDagger`i Gi parawZKi w`KwU
mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere Ges microgvMZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv PjDaggerZ _vKDaggerj wkiumlDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj G AfumlvmwU
`~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance) bullZwi KDaggeri w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib
hvDaggerZ KDaggeri fwelumlDaggerZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi KviDaggerY wkiumli `vuDaggerZi webumlvm AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv hvq|
mvaviYZ 5-6 eQi eqm dagger_DaggerK wkiumlDagger`i `ya `vuZ coDaggerZ iumlisbquo KDaggeri| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK mgq
dagger`Lv hvq AvNvZ RwbZ paraq RwbZ ev Abuml daggerKvb daggerivDaggerMi KviDaggerY wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya
`vuZ cDaggero hvq ev daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| `vuZ covi ci daggerh dvuKv RvqMvwU _vDaggerK daggerm RvqMvwU ZLb
`yB cvDaggerki `vuZ w`Daggerq eUuml nDaggerq hvq| dDaggerj rsquovqx `vuZ DVvi Rbuml chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv daggercDaggerq
Amacr^vfvweK daggerKvb RvqMvq `vuZ DDaggerV Ges `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi mcurrencentvebv daggereDaggero hvq| GB dvuKv
macrrsquovbwU hvDaggerZ cvDaggerki `vuZ Oslashviv eUuml bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl hšiquest bullZwi
KDaggeri w`Daggereb hvDaggerK Space maintainer eDaggerj| KvDaggerRB daggerKvb `ya`vuZ hw` Zvi wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi
AvDaggerM cDaggero hvq ZDaggere dagger`ix bv KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi mvDagger_ dagger`Lv Kisbquob|
ADaggerbK ev‛PvDagger`i dagger`Lv hvq DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj daggerewk evoDaggerQ ev hZUzKz evovi K_v
ZZUzKz evoDaggerQ bv| Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc evošmdash eqDaggerm (6-12) Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cOumlDaggerqvRb AbymvDaggeri Face
mask ev Chin cap eumlenvi KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb hv ev‛Pvi DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimesDaggerK
mwVK AmacrrsquovDaggerb wbDaggerZ mnvqZv KiDaggere|
DaggerVuvU I ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i daggerVvuU I Zvjy kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wVK
Kivi ci mwVK mgq Orthodontist Gmiddotcvbmb macrŒz (Expansion screw) ZvjyDaggerZ jvwMDaggerq
dagger`b hvDaggerZ DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq| G wkiumlDagger`i 8-10 eQi eqDaggerm bone
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grafting Kivi Rbuml kjuml wPwKrmKDaggerK cOumlDaggerqvRbxq civgkcopy I mnvqZv w`Daggerq _vDaggerKb
Orthodontist|
6-12 eQi eqDaggerm hLb wkiumli gyDaggerL `ya I macrrsquovqx Dfq cOumlKvi `vuZ we`umlgvb ZLb hw`
`vuDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo (Cross bite) daggerewk Kvgo (Deep bite) dagger`Lv hvq ZDaggere
Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRbxq eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggereb hvDaggerZ fwelumlDaggerZ KvgocedilDaggerjv AvDaggeriv Lvivc -Gi w`DaggerK
bv hvq|
`ya `vuZ me cDaggero hvevi ci I macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVvi ci AvuKv evuKv DuPz -bxPz `vuZ wVK
Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS Removable Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ
ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere) ev Fixed Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere bv) w`Daggerq
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb|
ADaggerbDaggerKiB gDaggerbB cOumlkœ _vDaggerK daggerh daggerewk eqDaggerm Orthodontic wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere wKbv|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuZ nvo I GDagger`i mvDagger_ mcurrenuacuteKcopyhysup3 structure cedilDaggerjv fvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZDaggere daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv Kiv mcurrencente|
cOumlvszlig eqDaggerm hw` DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj hw` Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes daggercDaggerq _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv
wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj kjuml wPwKrmvi Oslashvimacrrsquo nDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi mdjZv wbfcopyi KDaggeri wPwKrmDaggerKi AwfAacuteZv daggerivMx I Zvi
AwffveDaggerKi mnDaggerhvwMZv I mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi Dci|
gDaggerb ivLDaggereb mgDaggerqi GK daggerdvuo AmgDaggerqi `k daggerdvuo| mwVK mgDaggerq mwVK KvRwU KiDaggerj
Avcwb daggerh djvdj cvDaggereb dagger`ix KDaggeri KvRwU KiDaggerj daggermB djvdj Avcwb bvI daggercDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
Avcbvi daggerKvb wbKURDaggerbi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj mwVK mgDaggerq Orthodontist
Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggerZ fyjDaggereb bv daggerhb|
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Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Dci Bracket
ev Brace covDaggerbv _vDaggerK| Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq
Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv wbDagger`kcopyvejx wVKgZ daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj wPwKrmv cieZcopyx RwUjZv dagger`Lv
dagger`evi mcurrencentvebv LyeB Kg|
Fixed Orthodontic treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq gyL I `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZ weDaggerkl hZœ wbDaggerZ
nDaggere| daggerhme welDaggerqi Dci daggerewk daggerewk bRi ivLDaggerZ nDaggere Zv bxDaggerP dagger`qv nDaggerjvt
1 daggerhw`b daggerivMxi gyDaggerL Bracket emvDaggerbv nDaggere Zvici dagger_DaggerK 24 NrsaquoUv chcopyšmdash ksup3 Lvevi
LvIqv DwPZ bq| GDaggerZ Bracket LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| H 24 NrsaquoUv Lye daggerRvDaggeri daggerRvDaggeri `vuZ
eordfvk Kiv I DwPZ bq| daggerivMx Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv civgkcopy Abyhvqx `vuZ eordfvk
KiDaggere I macr^vfvweK Lvevi LvDaggere|
2 Bracket covDaggerbvi 2-3 w`b chcopyšmdash daggerivMxi GKUz Amacr^wmacrmdash nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GDaggerZ fDaggerqi wKQy
daggerbB| gyDaggerL bZzb wKQy wRwbm emvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2-3 w`b ci Zv AfumlvDaggerm cwiYZ nDaggerq
hvDaggere|
3 cOumlwZevi Lvevi LvIqvi ci AekumlB `vuZ fvDaggerjvfvDaggere eordfvk KiDaggerZ nDaggere| mKvDaggerj I ivDaggerZ
daggerdnotvivBW hysup3 Uz_Daggercdivide w`Daggerq `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggere| Abumlvbuml mgq Uz_ daggercoacute Qvov eordfvk KiDaggerjI
PjDaggere|
4 cOumlwZ wZb (3) gvm ci ci Uz_eordfvk e`j KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Uz_eordfvDaggerki weordfmampjcedilDaggerjv daggerhb big
(Medium soft) nq Zv daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
5 Bracket ev appliance -Gi Dci bxDaggerP 45 daggerKvDaggerY eordfvk aDaggeri `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
6 Lye daggerRvDaggeri Pvc w`Daggerq eordfvk Kiv hvDaggere bv| GDaggerZ KDaggeri Appliance LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
7 `vuDaggerZi daggerh cvDaggerk Appliance AvDaggerQ daggermB cvDaggerk Appliance -Gi Dci AvjDaggerZvfvDaggere
NywiDaggerq NywiDaggerq eordfvk KDaggeri `vuZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| `vuDaggerZi Abumlvbuml cvkcedilDaggerjvI daggerhb
fvDaggerjvfvDaggere cwireglsaquovi Kiv nq daggermw`DaggerK daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
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8 cOumlwZevi Lvevi Gi ci eordfvk Kiv mcurrencente bv nDaggerj LyefvDaggerjv KDaggeri KzjKzwP KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
9 `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerSi gqjv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Dental Floss eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
DaggerKvb KvwV ev myuB w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerLvPvDaggerbv hvDaggere bv|
10 wRnŸv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Tongue Cleanser eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
11 cOumlDaggerqvRDaggerb fvDaggerjv Mouth Wash eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere ZDaggerewPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy
Abyhvqx|
12 `vuDaggerZi gvwo Avfrac12yj w`Daggerq Massage Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
13 daggerKvb appliance daggerfDaggerfrac12 daggerMDaggerj ev LyDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ev Appliance Gi KviDaggerY gyDaggerL daggerKvb
mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj dagger`ix bv KDaggeri mDaggerfrac12 mDaggerfrac12 Orthondontist-Gi civgkcopy wbDaggerZ nDaggere|
14 wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq ksup3 Lvevi (nvo AvL) LvIqv cwinvi KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
15 AvVvDaggerjv RvZxq Lvevi (PzBs Mvg) LvIqv ev` w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
16 daggercqviv AvDaggercj ev daggerh daggerKvb ksup3 Lvevi Kvgo w`Daggerq bv daggerLDaggerq daggerQvU daggerQvU UzKiv KDaggeri
daggerLDaggerZ nDaggere|
17 Orthodontist DaggerhfvDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK AvmDaggerZ ejDaggereb (1gvm ci ci) AekumlB Zv cvjb
KiDaggerZ nDaggere| bv nDaggerj daggerivMxi wPwKrmv daggerkl nDaggerZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi daggerewk jvMDaggere|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbPz `vuZ wVK Kivi Rbuml daggerhgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Oslashviv mwVK wPwKrmv daggerZgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerivMx Ges daggerivMxi AwffveDaggerKi
mnDaggerhvwMZv Ges Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy Abyhvqx Pjv| ZDaggereB DaggerivMx wPwKrmv DaggerkDaggerl cvDaggere
KvwldquoparaZ myrsaquo`i `vuZ|
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mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
50
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ dnotwms
51
daggerQvAElig GKwU evMvDaggerb hw` ADaggerbKcedilDaggerjv MvQ daggereDaggero DVDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZDaggere ADaggerbK MvDaggerQi macr^vfvweK ebdquowtimes
weboacute nq Ges evMvbwU wKQyw`b ci Nb Rfrac12Daggerj cwiYZ nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK| ZLb hw` daggermLvb
dagger_DaggerK wKQy MvQ daggerKDaggerU daggerdjv nq ZDaggere evMvbwUi evKxMvQcedilDaggerjv iparav daggercDaggerq macr^vfvweKfvDaggere daggereDaggero
DVDaggere|
daggerZgwb gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerh cwigvY RvqMv AvDaggerQ Zvi daggerPDaggerq hw` `vuDaggerZi msLumlv daggerewk wKsev
`vuZ Lye daggerekx AvuKv evKv DuPz `uvZ _vKDaggerj ZDaggere Zv wVK KDaggeri `vuZDaggerK mywebumlvmacrmdash myrsaquo`i KDaggeri
daggerZvjvi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgq daggerivMxi wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB daggerivMx ev
Zvi AwffveK `vuZ daggerZvjvi K_v iumlbDaggerj fq cvq| Zviv fvDaggere `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ ADaggerbK euml_v
jvMDaggere ev daggerPvDaggerLi daggereordfBDaggerbi hw` daggerKvb parawZ nq| Zviv Orthodontist daggerK `vuZ bv ZzDaggerj
wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml AbyDaggeriva KDaggeri _vDaggerK| wKšlsquo ZvDagger`i G mKj aviYv mcurrenuacute~Ycopy Ag~jK| `vuZ
ZzjDaggerj daggerPvDaggerLi ev daggereordfBDaggerbi daggerKvb parawZ nqbv| GKRb AwfAacute wPwKrmK ZvB KiDaggereb hv KiDaggerj
daggerivMxi wPwKrmv fvDaggerjvfvDaggere mcurrenuacutebœ nDaggere Ges daggerivMx I Zvi AwffveK mšlsquowoacute jvf KiDaggere| Avi
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM wbw copyoacute rsquovb fvDaggerjvfvDaggere Aek KDaggeri wbDaggerj Ges wPwKrmDaggerKi dagger`qv DcDagger`k `vuZ
daggerZvjvi w`b I cieZcopyx KDaggerqKw`b mwVKfvDaggere daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj `vuZ daggerZvjvi ci daggerivMxi daggerZgb daggerKvb
Amyweav nq bv ejDaggerjB PDaggerj|
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`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM
`vuZ daggerZvjvi cDaggeri
53
ADaggerbDaggerKB AvDaggerQb hviv ivDaggerZ NygvDaggerbvi AvDaggerM Ges mKvDaggerj bvmacrmdashv Lvevi ci `vuZ eordfvk
KDaggerib `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Kvj wejcurren^ bv KDaggeri `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggerib
`vuDaggerZi mymacrrsquoZvi Rbuml hv hv `iKvi Zviv Zv-B KDaggerib| GmeB nDaggerjv fvDaggerjv Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi
Rbuml LyeB DcKvix|
wKšlsquo Ggb wKQy Afumlvm AvDaggerQ hv gyL I `vuDaggerZi macr^vDaggermacrrsquoumli Rbuml LyeB parawZKi| Gme
e`AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi bvbv aiDaggerYi mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q| GB AfumlvmcedilDaggerjvi gDaggerauml Avfrac12yj
daggerPvlv wRnŸampv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv ev daggerVjv dagger`Iqv daggerKvb mgmumlv bv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI gyL w`Daggerq wbkbrvbarvm
daggerbqv daggerVvuU I bL KvgovDaggerbv AbumlZg|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK| evev gv hw` GUv daggerLqvj KDaggerib ZDaggere wkiumlDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere daggerh Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv Lvivc| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz nDaggerq hvq ADaggerbK mgq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bvI coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Open bite) bxDaggerPi
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daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZcedilDaggerjv msKzwPZ nDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK hZUzKz daggerXDaggerK ivLv
DwPZ Zv KDaggerg daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerbvi ci I hw` Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm bv KDaggerg ZDaggere wkiumli 2-3 eQi eqm
chcopyšmdash ADaggercparav KiDaggerZ nDaggere| ADaggerbK mgq 3 eQi eqDaggermi ci wkiumli GB Afumlvm PDaggerj hvq|
ZviciI hw` wkiuml G Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere GKRb AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12
civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| wPwKrmK `iKvi gDaggerb nDaggerj daggerKvb Appliance ev hšiquest w`Daggereb hv
wkiumlDaggerK GB Afumlvm `~i KiDaggerZ mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wkiumli hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK ZDaggere DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DPuy nDaggerq hvq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bv coDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerivMx gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri
wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq Avcbvi daggermvbvgwbi hw` Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml
parawZKi ZDaggere cOuml_DaggergB ZvDaggerK eySvb| ZvDaggerZ KvR bv nDaggerj Aemacrrsquov hvDaggerZ AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv
hvq daggermRbuml AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy Kisbquob|
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OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
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CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
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KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
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GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
60
ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
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daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
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wRnŸv macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ eo _vKDaggerj ev hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjvavdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm
_vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS _vDaggerK ev wRnŸv hw` memgq wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZi
DcDaggerii AsDaggerk (occlusal surface) -G _vDaggerK ZDaggere Open Bite nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
G Qvov daggerivMx hw` Bony Dysplasia Congenital wmwdwjm BZumlvw` daggerivDaggerM fyDaggerM
_vDaggerK ZDaggereI Open bite Gi mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wPwKrmvt Open bite Gi wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml mecopycOuml_g daggerivMxDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOuml_Daggerg Open bite nevi KviY
mg~n LyuDaggerR daggerei KiDaggereb| hw` daggerivMxi Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK
ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm `~i Kivi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb
KDaggerib ZDaggere Gme Afumlvm ~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance)
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib daggerivMxDaggerK|
Open bite hw` gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj hvq ZDaggere Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontic
appliance eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri hv Fixed ev Removable daggerh daggerKvb iKgB
nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
hw` daggerPvqvDaggerji nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Open bite dagger`Lv hvq Ges daggerivMxi eqm hw` 6-12 eQi
nq ZDaggere Chin cap (Chin cap bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi ev bxDaggerPi w`DaggerKi ebdquowtimes
nIqvDaggerK cOumlwZDaggeriva KDaggeri) Gi mvDagger_ High pull head gear eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerivMxi Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nevi ci Ges macrrsquovqx `vuZ me DVvi ci daggerPvqvDaggerji Amacr^vfvweK
ebdquowtimesRwbZ KviDaggerY daggerh Open bite nq Zv wVK Kivi Rbuml Surgery Kiv DaggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq KvDaggeriv Open bite Gi mgmumlv _vKDaggerj AvovDaggerj Zvi mgvDaggerjvPbv bv
KDaggeri AvgvDagger`i mKDaggerji DwPZ ZvDaggerK GKRb AwfAacute Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ
ejv| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cieZcopyx KiYxq mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy ejDaggerZ cviDaggereb| Zvui
civgkcopy Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY KiDaggerj Open bite wbivgq Kiv mcurrencente|
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`šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv Class II Malocclusion DaggerK `yB fvDaggerM fvM KDaggeriDaggerQb|
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion
2 Class II division 2 malocclusion
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion t
hw` KvDaggeriv daggerclY `vuDaggerZi mcurrenuacuteKcopy (Molar relation) Class II _vDaggerK Ges DcDaggerii
DaggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZ cedilDaggerjv DPz _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv Class II Division 1 Gi Ašmdashfycopysup3|
Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK
(Convex profile) DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ daggerewk daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL
DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK daggerewk mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| `vuZ DuPz nevi KviDaggerY
daggerivMx ADaggerbK mgq `yB daggerVuvU eUuml KiDaggerZ cvDaggeribv|
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2 Class II division 2 Malocclusion
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc Molar Relation Class II _vKDaggere A_copyvr DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev
Molar `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev Molar `vuDaggerZi dagger_DaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ mvgDaggerb
Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv wKQyUv wfZDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb
KiDaggere| mvaviYZ DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj GKB iKg AemacrrsquovDaggerb _vKDaggere (Straight Profile)
DcDaggerii `vuZcedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK cyDaggerivUv daggerXDaggerK ivLDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`ix bv KDaggeri GKRb Orthodontist daggerK Rvbvb|
Orthodontist wewfbœ chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri wPwKrmv ctimeswZ wVK KiDaggereb|
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Avcbvi AvDaggerk cvDaggerki gvbylcedilDaggerjvDaggerK GKUz fvDaggerjvfvDaggere jpara KiDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggereb daggerewki
fvM gvbyDaggerliB DcDaggeri daggerPvqvj Ges DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji
`vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ mvgvbuml GKUz mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK| Ges GUvB nDaggerjv macr^vfvweK| wKšlsquo wKQy gvbyDaggerli
daggerparaDaggerIcirc Gi DDaggereumlvUv dagger`Lv dagger`q| A_copyvr ZvDagger`i bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK _vDaggerK DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj ev DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ| GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi
fvlvq eDaggerj Class III malocclusion|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
`yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| 1Uv nDaggerjv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY| GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii
cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi
MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb dagger`DaggerL GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wKfvDaggere wPwKrmv KiDaggerj
daggerivMx mDaggerecopyvEumlg djvdj cvq|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion nq ZDaggere Orthodontic
Treatment A_copyvr iumlaygvIcirc Brace cwoDaggerqB wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere evošmdash ev cwiYZ daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB| ZDaggere Lye daggerewk eqDaggerm wPwKrmv KivDaggerj wPwKrmvi mgq daggereDaggero hvDaggere|
hw` evošmdash eqDaggerm nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion dagger`Lv dagger`q ZDaggere
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvjDaggerK mvgDaggerb Avbvi Rbuml ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvjDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerbqvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK wewfbœ
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aiDaggerYi hšiquest dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri eumlenvDaggerii Rbuml| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Face Mask Chin Cap DDaggerjshyL
daggerhvMuml|
hw` cwiYZ eqDaggerm gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerqi Class III malocclusion hv nvDaggerii MVDaggerbi
KviDaggerY nDaggerqDaggerQ Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ ZDaggere kjuml wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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evBgumlvmiddot
evBgvmiddot `y aiDaggerbi nq| evBgumlvwmiddotjvix cOumlUzordfmb Ges evBgumlvwmiddot jvix cOumlwKnotDaggerbmb| wK KwVb
katilde| Avmyb Lye mnDaggerR daggerRDaggerb daggerbB `uvZ I gvwoi Avi GK mgmumlv hvi bvg evBgvmiddot|
evBgumlvmiddot mgmumlvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj wKsev `uvZ wKsev DfqB mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK DPzu _vDaggerK| dDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv daggerVvU DPzu nDaggerq _vKv GgbwK gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ
cviv mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
mvavibZ `uvZ hw` Zzjbvg~jK fvDaggere eo GgbwK daggerPvqvj jcurren^v wKsev daggerXvK wMjvi mgq
wRnev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK Amacr^vfvweK fvDaggere `uvZDaggerK mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK daggerVjv w`Daggerj GB aiDaggerbi mgmumlv nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| NveovDaggerbvi wKQzB daggerbB GB mgmumlvi mgvavb Lye myrsaquo`i KDaggeri GK AwfAacute ADagger_copyDaggerWbwUdivide
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib| gDaggerb ivLDaggerZ nDaggere cOumlv_wgK Aemacrrsquovq GB mgmumlvi mgvavb KiDaggerj ZZUv RwUjZv nq
bv| eDaggerqvmwUuml KvDaggerji c~Daggere eDaggerqvmmwUuml KvDaggerji mgq Ges cDaggeri wPwKrmv eumlemacrrsquov cbdquo_K cbdquo_K nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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myrsaquo`Daggerii c~Rvix mKDaggerjB ZvB GB mgmumlv mgvavb KDaggeri
Avcwb nDaggerq DVyb myrsaquo`i `uvZ I nvwmi AwaKvix
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daggerMR `vuZ(High Canine) DPz KZcopyb `vuZ t
AvgvDagger`i gyDaggerL eqm 5 eQi chcopyšmdash daggerh 20 wU `vuZ _vDaggerK Zvi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ
_vDaggerK| eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ 20wU `ya `vuZ hLb cDaggero wMDaggerq macrrsquovqx `vuZ DDaggerV ZLbI daggergvU
32wU `vuDaggerZi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ _vDaggerK| G KZcopyb `uvZcedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi 4wU daggerKvbvq AewmacrrsquoZ| ZvB
GDagger`iDaggerK Corner Stone of mouth eDaggerj| bvg iumlbDaggerjB daggerevSv hvq G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Lv`uml`ordfeumlDaggerK
KZcopyb KiDaggerZ Ges wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri| G `vuZ cedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK kwsup3kvjx| KviY G `vuDaggerZi
GbvDaggergDaggerji cyisbquoZiexcl Daggerewk Ges mvgDaggerbi 4wU `vuDaggerZi (Pecopyb `vuZ-Incisor tooth) ciciB
AewmacrrsquoZ| daggerKvb daggerKvb mgq wewfbœ KviY ekZt G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Zvi wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK wfbœ
AemacrrsquovDaggerb dagger`Lv hvq| hw` G `vuZcedilDaggerjv gvwoi gDaggerauml ev DcDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri ZLb ZvDaggerK
High Canine ev daggerMR `vuZ ejv nq| Avevi KLDaggerbv GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv Zvjyi w`K w`Daggerq DDaggerV|
ZLb GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK Palataly placed canine eDaggerj| Avevi KLDaggerbv I gvwo ev Zvjyi wfZDaggeri
G `vuZ Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| ZLb ZvDaggerK Impacted Canine ejv nq| GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi gDaggerauml
AZxe Risbquoix PviwU `vuZ| GB `vuZ daggerhgb Lv`uml`ordfeuml KZcopyb I wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri cvkvcvwk
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daggerPvqvDaggerji bovPovDaggerK wbqšiquestY KDaggeri| GB `vuZDaggerK Beauty tooth I ejv nq| ZvB G `vuDaggerZi
mvwietimesfvDaggere webumlvm LyeB Risbquoix|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ daggerh KDaggerqKwU mgmumlv ZzDaggerj aiv nDaggerjv G mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi mgvavb LyeB Risbquoix|
hw` daggerKD GiKg daggerKvb mgmumlvq fyDaggerM _vDaggerKb ZDaggere AwfAacute Orthodontist -B nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
Avcbvi myrsaquo`i nvwm wdwiDaggerq dagger`qvi cig eUumlz|
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daggerVvuU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerki wkiumlDagger`i GKwU AbumlZg
mgmumlv| wewfbœ MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv wMDaggerqDaggerQ cOumlwZ 700 RDaggerb 1 Rb daggerVvuU KvUv Ges cOumlwZ 1000 RDaggerb
1 Rb wkiuml Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| daggerVvuU KvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggerQDaggerj wkiumlDagger`i Ges
ZvjyKvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggergDaggerq-wkiumlDagger`i gvDaggerS|
wewfbœ KviDaggerY wkiuml daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri _vDaggerK| kZKiv 25 fvM daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GUv eskMZ KviDaggerY nDaggerq _vDaggerK| hw` 1 Rb ZvjyKvUv daggerivMx 1 Rb mymacrrsquo gvbylDaggerK weDaggerq KDaggeri ZDaggere
ZvDagger`i ev‛Pvi ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kivi mcurrencentvebv kZKiv 2 fvM|
Mfcopyvemacrrsquovi cOuml_g fvDaggerM gv hw` daggerKvb fvBivj BbDaggerdKkDaggerb Avmicrovšmdash nq ev kvixwiKfvDaggere
AvNvZcOumlvszlig nq ev niDaggergvDaggerbi fvimvgumlnxbZvq fyDaggerM ev wfUvwgDaggerbi AfvDaggere fyDaggerM _vDaggerK ev
daggeriwWDaggerqkDaggerb GmiddotDaggercvR nq ev _umlvwjDaggerWvgvBW RvZxq Ilya MOumlnY KDaggeri ZDaggere wkiumli daggerVvuU ev
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| KvDaggerQi AvZyenxq macr^RDaggerbi gvDaggerS weDaggerq nDaggerjI wkiuml G mgmumlv
wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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DaggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq wkiuml RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerj cwieviDaggerK bvbv aiDaggerYi mvgvwRK I gvbwmK
mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ nq| wkiuml hLb GB mgmumlv wbDaggerq eo nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZLb daggermI gvbwmKfvDaggere
nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ _vDaggerK| G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ K_v
ejDaggerZ I iumlbDaggerZ mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| `vuDaggerZi mgmumlvi gDaggerauml hv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Zvi gDaggerauml AbumlZg
nDagger‛Q-wewfbœ `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKv `vuZ wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV gyDaggerLi Abuml daggerKvb RvqMvq
DVv evowZ wKQy `vuZ _vKv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb ksup3 bv nIqv `vuDaggerZi MVb myrsaquo`i bv nIqv
gvwoi wewfbœ mgmumlv `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPy-bxPz nIqv|
daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv daggerivMxDagger`i wPwKrmv weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmKDagger`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutev Qvov mcurrencente
bq| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Orthodontist Gi f~wgKv iumlisbquo nq ev‛Pvi RDaggerbyeni ci ciB| daggerhDaggernZz daggerVvuU I
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv nq daggermRbuml wkiumli RDaggerbyeni ci ciB
gyDaggerLi wfZi covi Rbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b daggerhb wkiumli daggerLDaggerZ
daggerKvb mgmumlv bv nq|
kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wkiumli 3-6 gvm eqDaggerm daggerVvuU I 1-2 eQi eqDaggerm Zvjy wVK KiDaggerZ
nDaggere GKRb AwfAacute kjuml wPwKrmK Oslashviv| kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg daggerVvuU I Zvjy wVK Kivi ci
wkiumli DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj hvDaggerZ msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GK aiDaggerYi
Appliance ev hšiquest bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b|
wkiumli Mixed dentition stage (6-12 eQi eqm) -G gyDaggerL daggerKvb AwZwisup3 `vuZ
_vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GQvov mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Cross bite _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuZ
AvuKv evKv _vKDaggerj ev Molar ev daggerclY `vDaggerZi Relation wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere Removable ev Fixed appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo
KiDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
me macrrsquovqx `vuZ PDaggerj Avmvi ci macrrsquovqxfvDaggere daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Kvgo (Occlusion
improve) wVK Kivi Rbuml Fixed ev Removable appliance w`Daggerq Orthodontist
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb Ges daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggereb|
GB mgDaggerq gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyDaggerK wVK Kivi Rbuml cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj Bony Graft Kiv daggerhDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| Gi dDaggerj Orthodontic treatment Gi daggerh djvdj ZvI Aparazbœ _vKDaggere|
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daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLvi ci Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere daggerivMxDaggerK
Permanent Retainer bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv daggerivMxDaggerK me mgq cDaggero _vKDaggerZ nDaggere|
Amacrlsaquovi weRqx DaggerRvqvDaggerKb wdwbmiddot RDaggerbyeni mgq daggerVvuU KvuUv wQj
daggerVvuU KuvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv daggerKvb Awfkvc bq| mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg
GDaggerK mvwiDaggerq daggerZvjv mcurrencente| `iKvi iumlay mevi mDaggerPZbZv Avi mwVK mgDaggerq weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri daggerm Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY Kiv|
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ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerKvb eqDaggerm iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ Zv AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKiB ARvbv|
ADaggerbK AwffveKB eySDaggerZ cvDaggerib bv wkiumli ADagger_copyvWbwUK mgmumlvi Rbuml daggerKvb eqDaggerm
Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| AAacutevbZvi Rbuml ev Abuml daggerKvb wOslashav-OslashDaggerrsaquo`i
KviDaggerY Zviv ADaggerbK mgqB ADaggerbK dagger`ix KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb wPwKrmvi
Rbuml| dDaggerj wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc wPwKrmvi eumlvwszligKvj daggereDaggero hvq| wKQyDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK
chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc
wPwKrmvi djvdj Avkvbyiƒc nq bv| KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv KZUv
Risbquoix| GLb Avwg ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi eqm mxgv wbDaggerq AvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri AvcbvDagger`i
wKQyUv nDaggerjI aviYv dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev Kie|
AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerk ADaggerbK wkiumlB daggerVvuU ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| Kzmsmacrlsaquoviv‛Qbœ
gvbyliv GDaggerK Awfkvc ev fvDaggerMumli wjLb gDaggerb KDaggeri nvZ cv cedilwUDaggerq eDaggerm _vDaggerK daggerKvb wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri bv| wKšlsquo gDaggerb ivLDaggereb daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumli
AwffveKDagger`i DwPZ RDaggerbyeni ci ciB GKRb AwfAacute Orhodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY Kiv|
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KviY G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i RDaggerbyeni ciB cOumlavb I cOuml_g daggerh mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q Zv nDaggerjv Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mgmumlv| Orthodontist Gmgq GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv wkiumlDaggerK Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml LyeB parawZKi GKwU Afumlvm|
mvaviYZ `yB dagger_DaggerK wZb eQi eqDaggermi gDaggerauml Avcbv Avcwb wkiuml G AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KDaggeri daggerdDaggerj|
wKšlsquo ZviciI hw` wkiuml AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere AwffveKDagger`i Gi parawZKi w`KwU
mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere Ges microgvMZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv PjDaggerZ _vKDaggerj wkiumlDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj G AfumlvmwU
`~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance) bullZwi KDaggeri w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib
hvDaggerZ KDaggeri fwelumlDaggerZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi KviDaggerY wkiumli `vuDaggerZi webumlvm AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv hvq|
mvaviYZ 5-6 eQi eqm dagger_DaggerK wkiumlDagger`i `ya `vuZ coDaggerZ iumlisbquo KDaggeri| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK mgq
dagger`Lv hvq AvNvZ RwbZ paraq RwbZ ev Abuml daggerKvb daggerivDaggerMi KviDaggerY wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya
`vuZ cDaggero hvq ev daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| `vuZ covi ci daggerh dvuKv RvqMvwU _vDaggerK daggerm RvqMvwU ZLb
`yB cvDaggerki `vuZ w`Daggerq eUuml nDaggerq hvq| dDaggerj rsquovqx `vuZ DVvi Rbuml chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv daggercDaggerq
Amacr^vfvweK daggerKvb RvqMvq `vuZ DDaggerV Ges `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi mcurrencentvebv daggereDaggero hvq| GB dvuKv
macrrsquovbwU hvDaggerZ cvDaggerki `vuZ Oslashviv eUuml bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl hšiquest bullZwi
KDaggeri w`Daggereb hvDaggerK Space maintainer eDaggerj| KvDaggerRB daggerKvb `ya`vuZ hw` Zvi wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi
AvDaggerM cDaggero hvq ZDaggere dagger`ix bv KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi mvDagger_ dagger`Lv Kisbquob|
ADaggerbK ev‛PvDagger`i dagger`Lv hvq DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj daggerewk evoDaggerQ ev hZUzKz evovi K_v
ZZUzKz evoDaggerQ bv| Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc evošmdash eqDaggerm (6-12) Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cOumlDaggerqvRb AbymvDaggeri Face
mask ev Chin cap eumlenvi KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb hv ev‛Pvi DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimesDaggerK
mwVK AmacrrsquovDaggerb wbDaggerZ mnvqZv KiDaggere|
DaggerVuvU I ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i daggerVvuU I Zvjy kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wVK
Kivi ci mwVK mgq Orthodontist Gmiddotcvbmb macrŒz (Expansion screw) ZvjyDaggerZ jvwMDaggerq
dagger`b hvDaggerZ DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq| G wkiumlDagger`i 8-10 eQi eqDaggerm bone
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grafting Kivi Rbuml kjuml wPwKrmKDaggerK cOumlDaggerqvRbxq civgkcopy I mnvqZv w`Daggerq _vDaggerKb
Orthodontist|
6-12 eQi eqDaggerm hLb wkiumli gyDaggerL `ya I macrrsquovqx Dfq cOumlKvi `vuZ we`umlgvb ZLb hw`
`vuDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo (Cross bite) daggerewk Kvgo (Deep bite) dagger`Lv hvq ZDaggere
Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRbxq eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggereb hvDaggerZ fwelumlDaggerZ KvgocedilDaggerjv AvDaggeriv Lvivc -Gi w`DaggerK
bv hvq|
`ya `vuZ me cDaggero hvevi ci I macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVvi ci AvuKv evuKv DuPz -bxPz `vuZ wVK
Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS Removable Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ
ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere) ev Fixed Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere bv) w`Daggerq
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb|
ADaggerbDaggerKiB gDaggerbB cOumlkœ _vDaggerK daggerh daggerewk eqDaggerm Orthodontic wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere wKbv|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuZ nvo I GDagger`i mvDagger_ mcurrenuacuteKcopyhysup3 structure cedilDaggerjv fvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZDaggere daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv Kiv mcurrencente|
cOumlvszlig eqDaggerm hw` DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj hw` Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes daggercDaggerq _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv
wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj kjuml wPwKrmvi Oslashvimacrrsquo nDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi mdjZv wbfcopyi KDaggeri wPwKrmDaggerKi AwfAacuteZv daggerivMx I Zvi
AwffveDaggerKi mnDaggerhvwMZv I mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi Dci|
gDaggerb ivLDaggereb mgDaggerqi GK daggerdvuo AmgDaggerqi `k daggerdvuo| mwVK mgDaggerq mwVK KvRwU KiDaggerj
Avcwb daggerh djvdj cvDaggereb dagger`ix KDaggeri KvRwU KiDaggerj daggermB djvdj Avcwb bvI daggercDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
Avcbvi daggerKvb wbKURDaggerbi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj mwVK mgDaggerq Orthodontist
Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggerZ fyjDaggereb bv daggerhb|
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Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Dci Bracket
ev Brace covDaggerbv _vDaggerK| Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq
Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv wbDagger`kcopyvejx wVKgZ daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj wPwKrmv cieZcopyx RwUjZv dagger`Lv
dagger`evi mcurrencentvebv LyeB Kg|
Fixed Orthodontic treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq gyL I `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZ weDaggerkl hZœ wbDaggerZ
nDaggere| daggerhme welDaggerqi Dci daggerewk daggerewk bRi ivLDaggerZ nDaggere Zv bxDaggerP dagger`qv nDaggerjvt
1 daggerhw`b daggerivMxi gyDaggerL Bracket emvDaggerbv nDaggere Zvici dagger_DaggerK 24 NrsaquoUv chcopyšmdash ksup3 Lvevi
LvIqv DwPZ bq| GDaggerZ Bracket LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| H 24 NrsaquoUv Lye daggerRvDaggeri daggerRvDaggeri `vuZ
eordfvk Kiv I DwPZ bq| daggerivMx Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv civgkcopy Abyhvqx `vuZ eordfvk
KiDaggere I macr^vfvweK Lvevi LvDaggere|
2 Bracket covDaggerbvi 2-3 w`b chcopyšmdash daggerivMxi GKUz Amacr^wmacrmdash nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GDaggerZ fDaggerqi wKQy
daggerbB| gyDaggerL bZzb wKQy wRwbm emvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2-3 w`b ci Zv AfumlvDaggerm cwiYZ nDaggerq
hvDaggere|
3 cOumlwZevi Lvevi LvIqvi ci AekumlB `vuZ fvDaggerjvfvDaggere eordfvk KiDaggerZ nDaggere| mKvDaggerj I ivDaggerZ
daggerdnotvivBW hysup3 Uz_Daggercdivide w`Daggerq `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggere| Abumlvbuml mgq Uz_ daggercoacute Qvov eordfvk KiDaggerjI
PjDaggere|
4 cOumlwZ wZb (3) gvm ci ci Uz_eordfvk e`j KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Uz_eordfvDaggerki weordfmampjcedilDaggerjv daggerhb big
(Medium soft) nq Zv daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
5 Bracket ev appliance -Gi Dci bxDaggerP 45 daggerKvDaggerY eordfvk aDaggeri `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
6 Lye daggerRvDaggeri Pvc w`Daggerq eordfvk Kiv hvDaggere bv| GDaggerZ KDaggeri Appliance LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
7 `vuDaggerZi daggerh cvDaggerk Appliance AvDaggerQ daggermB cvDaggerk Appliance -Gi Dci AvjDaggerZvfvDaggere
NywiDaggerq NywiDaggerq eordfvk KDaggeri `vuZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| `vuDaggerZi Abumlvbuml cvkcedilDaggerjvI daggerhb
fvDaggerjvfvDaggere cwireglsaquovi Kiv nq daggermw`DaggerK daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
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8 cOumlwZevi Lvevi Gi ci eordfvk Kiv mcurrencente bv nDaggerj LyefvDaggerjv KDaggeri KzjKzwP KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
9 `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerSi gqjv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Dental Floss eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
DaggerKvb KvwV ev myuB w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerLvPvDaggerbv hvDaggere bv|
10 wRnŸv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Tongue Cleanser eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
11 cOumlDaggerqvRDaggerb fvDaggerjv Mouth Wash eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere ZDaggerewPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy
Abyhvqx|
12 `vuDaggerZi gvwo Avfrac12yj w`Daggerq Massage Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
13 daggerKvb appliance daggerfDaggerfrac12 daggerMDaggerj ev LyDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ev Appliance Gi KviDaggerY gyDaggerL daggerKvb
mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj dagger`ix bv KDaggeri mDaggerfrac12 mDaggerfrac12 Orthondontist-Gi civgkcopy wbDaggerZ nDaggere|
14 wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq ksup3 Lvevi (nvo AvL) LvIqv cwinvi KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
15 AvVvDaggerjv RvZxq Lvevi (PzBs Mvg) LvIqv ev` w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
16 daggercqviv AvDaggercj ev daggerh daggerKvb ksup3 Lvevi Kvgo w`Daggerq bv daggerLDaggerq daggerQvU daggerQvU UzKiv KDaggeri
daggerLDaggerZ nDaggere|
17 Orthodontist DaggerhfvDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK AvmDaggerZ ejDaggereb (1gvm ci ci) AekumlB Zv cvjb
KiDaggerZ nDaggere| bv nDaggerj daggerivMxi wPwKrmv daggerkl nDaggerZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi daggerewk jvMDaggere|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbPz `vuZ wVK Kivi Rbuml daggerhgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Oslashviv mwVK wPwKrmv daggerZgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerivMx Ges daggerivMxi AwffveDaggerKi
mnDaggerhvwMZv Ges Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy Abyhvqx Pjv| ZDaggereB DaggerivMx wPwKrmv DaggerkDaggerl cvDaggere
KvwldquoparaZ myrsaquo`i `vuZ|
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mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
50
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ dnotwms
51
daggerQvAElig GKwU evMvDaggerb hw` ADaggerbKcedilDaggerjv MvQ daggereDaggero DVDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZDaggere ADaggerbK MvDaggerQi macr^vfvweK ebdquowtimes
weboacute nq Ges evMvbwU wKQyw`b ci Nb Rfrac12Daggerj cwiYZ nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK| ZLb hw` daggermLvb
dagger_DaggerK wKQy MvQ daggerKDaggerU daggerdjv nq ZDaggere evMvbwUi evKxMvQcedilDaggerjv iparav daggercDaggerq macr^vfvweKfvDaggere daggereDaggero
DVDaggere|
daggerZgwb gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerh cwigvY RvqMv AvDaggerQ Zvi daggerPDaggerq hw` `vuDaggerZi msLumlv daggerewk wKsev
`vuZ Lye daggerekx AvuKv evKv DuPz `uvZ _vKDaggerj ZDaggere Zv wVK KDaggeri `vuZDaggerK mywebumlvmacrmdash myrsaquo`i KDaggeri
daggerZvjvi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgq daggerivMxi wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB daggerivMx ev
Zvi AwffveK `vuZ daggerZvjvi K_v iumlbDaggerj fq cvq| Zviv fvDaggere `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ ADaggerbK euml_v
jvMDaggere ev daggerPvDaggerLi daggereordfBDaggerbi hw` daggerKvb parawZ nq| Zviv Orthodontist daggerK `vuZ bv ZzDaggerj
wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml AbyDaggeriva KDaggeri _vDaggerK| wKšlsquo ZvDagger`i G mKj aviYv mcurrenuacute~Ycopy Ag~jK| `vuZ
ZzjDaggerj daggerPvDaggerLi ev daggereordfBDaggerbi daggerKvb parawZ nqbv| GKRb AwfAacute wPwKrmK ZvB KiDaggereb hv KiDaggerj
daggerivMxi wPwKrmv fvDaggerjvfvDaggere mcurrenuacutebœ nDaggere Ges daggerivMx I Zvi AwffveK mšlsquowoacute jvf KiDaggere| Avi
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM wbw copyoacute rsquovb fvDaggerjvfvDaggere Aek KDaggeri wbDaggerj Ges wPwKrmDaggerKi dagger`qv DcDagger`k `vuZ
daggerZvjvi w`b I cieZcopyx KDaggerqKw`b mwVKfvDaggere daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj `vuZ daggerZvjvi ci daggerivMxi daggerZgb daggerKvb
Amyweav nq bv ejDaggerjB PDaggerj|
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`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM
`vuZ daggerZvjvi cDaggeri
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ADaggerbDaggerKB AvDaggerQb hviv ivDaggerZ NygvDaggerbvi AvDaggerM Ges mKvDaggerj bvmacrmdashv Lvevi ci `vuZ eordfvk
KDaggerib `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Kvj wejcurren^ bv KDaggeri `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggerib
`vuDaggerZi mymacrrsquoZvi Rbuml hv hv `iKvi Zviv Zv-B KDaggerib| GmeB nDaggerjv fvDaggerjv Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi
Rbuml LyeB DcKvix|
wKšlsquo Ggb wKQy Afumlvm AvDaggerQ hv gyL I `vuDaggerZi macr^vDaggermacrrsquoumli Rbuml LyeB parawZKi| Gme
e`AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi bvbv aiDaggerYi mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q| GB AfumlvmcedilDaggerjvi gDaggerauml Avfrac12yj
daggerPvlv wRnŸampv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv ev daggerVjv dagger`Iqv daggerKvb mgmumlv bv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI gyL w`Daggerq wbkbrvbarvm
daggerbqv daggerVvuU I bL KvgovDaggerbv AbumlZg|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK| evev gv hw` GUv daggerLqvj KDaggerib ZDaggere wkiumlDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere daggerh Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv Lvivc| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz nDaggerq hvq ADaggerbK mgq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bvI coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Open bite) bxDaggerPi
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daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZcedilDaggerjv msKzwPZ nDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK hZUzKz daggerXDaggerK ivLv
DwPZ Zv KDaggerg daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerbvi ci I hw` Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm bv KDaggerg ZDaggere wkiumli 2-3 eQi eqm
chcopyšmdash ADaggercparav KiDaggerZ nDaggere| ADaggerbK mgq 3 eQi eqDaggermi ci wkiumli GB Afumlvm PDaggerj hvq|
ZviciI hw` wkiuml G Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere GKRb AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12
civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| wPwKrmK `iKvi gDaggerb nDaggerj daggerKvb Appliance ev hšiquest w`Daggereb hv
wkiumlDaggerK GB Afumlvm `~i KiDaggerZ mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wkiumli hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK ZDaggere DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DPuy nDaggerq hvq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bv coDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerivMx gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri
wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq Avcbvi daggermvbvgwbi hw` Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml
parawZKi ZDaggere cOuml_DaggergB ZvDaggerK eySvb| ZvDaggerZ KvR bv nDaggerj Aemacrrsquov hvDaggerZ AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv
hvq daggermRbuml AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy Kisbquob|
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OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
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CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
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KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
59
GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
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ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
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daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
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`šmdash wPwKrmv weAacutevbxiv Class II Malocclusion DaggerK `yB fvDaggerM fvM KDaggeriDaggerQb|
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion
2 Class II division 2 malocclusion
1 Class II division 1 malocclusion t
hw` KvDaggeriv daggerclY `vuDaggerZi mcurrenuacuteKcopy (Molar relation) Class II _vDaggerK Ges DcDaggerii
DaggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZ cedilDaggerjv DPz _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv Class II Division 1 Gi Ašmdashfycopysup3|
Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK
(Convex profile) DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ daggerewk daggerXDaggerK ivDaggerL
DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK daggerewk mvgDaggerb Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| `vuZ DuPz nevi KviDaggerY
daggerivMx ADaggerbK mgq `yB daggerVuvU eUuml KiDaggerZ cvDaggeribv|
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2 Class II division 2 Malocclusion
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc Molar Relation Class II _vKDaggere A_copyvr DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev
Molar `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev Molar `vuDaggerZi dagger_DaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ mvgDaggerb
Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv wKQyUv wfZDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb
KiDaggere| mvaviYZ DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj GKB iKg AemacrrsquovDaggerb _vKDaggere (Straight Profile)
DcDaggerii `vuZcedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK cyDaggerivUv daggerXDaggerK ivLDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`ix bv KDaggeri GKRb Orthodontist daggerK Rvbvb|
Orthodontist wewfbœ chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri wPwKrmv ctimeswZ wVK KiDaggereb|
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Avcbvi AvDaggerk cvDaggerki gvbylcedilDaggerjvDaggerK GKUz fvDaggerjvfvDaggere jpara KiDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggereb daggerewki
fvM gvbyDaggerliB DcDaggeri daggerPvqvj Ges DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji
`vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ mvgvbuml GKUz mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK| Ges GUvB nDaggerjv macr^vfvweK| wKšlsquo wKQy gvbyDaggerli
daggerparaDaggerIcirc Gi DDaggereumlvUv dagger`Lv dagger`q| A_copyvr ZvDagger`i bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK _vDaggerK DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj ev DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ| GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi
fvlvq eDaggerj Class III malocclusion|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
`yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| 1Uv nDaggerjv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY| GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii
cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
35
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi
MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb dagger`DaggerL GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wKfvDaggere wPwKrmv KiDaggerj
daggerivMx mDaggerecopyvEumlg djvdj cvq|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion nq ZDaggere Orthodontic
Treatment A_copyvr iumlaygvIcirc Brace cwoDaggerqB wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere evošmdash ev cwiYZ daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB| ZDaggere Lye daggerewk eqDaggerm wPwKrmv KivDaggerj wPwKrmvi mgq daggereDaggero hvDaggere|
hw` evošmdash eqDaggerm nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion dagger`Lv dagger`q ZDaggere
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvjDaggerK mvgDaggerb Avbvi Rbuml ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvjDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerbqvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK wewfbœ
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aiDaggerYi hšiquest dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri eumlenvDaggerii Rbuml| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Face Mask Chin Cap DDaggerjshyL
daggerhvMuml|
hw` cwiYZ eqDaggerm gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerqi Class III malocclusion hv nvDaggerii MVDaggerbi
KviDaggerY nDaggerqDaggerQ Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ ZDaggere kjuml wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
37
evBgumlvmiddot
evBgvmiddot `y aiDaggerbi nq| evBgumlvwmiddotjvix cOumlUzordfmb Ges evBgumlvwmiddot jvix cOumlwKnotDaggerbmb| wK KwVb
katilde| Avmyb Lye mnDaggerR daggerRDaggerb daggerbB `uvZ I gvwoi Avi GK mgmumlv hvi bvg evBgvmiddot|
evBgumlvmiddot mgmumlvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj wKsev `uvZ wKsev DfqB mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK DPzu _vDaggerK| dDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv daggerVvU DPzu nDaggerq _vKv GgbwK gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ
cviv mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
mvavibZ `uvZ hw` Zzjbvg~jK fvDaggere eo GgbwK daggerPvqvj jcurren^v wKsev daggerXvK wMjvi mgq
wRnev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK Amacr^vfvweK fvDaggere `uvZDaggerK mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK daggerVjv w`Daggerj GB aiDaggerbi mgmumlv nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| NveovDaggerbvi wKQzB daggerbB GB mgmumlvi mgvavb Lye myrsaquo`i KDaggeri GK AwfAacute ADagger_copyDaggerWbwUdivide
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib| gDaggerb ivLDaggerZ nDaggere cOumlv_wgK Aemacrrsquovq GB mgmumlvi mgvavb KiDaggerj ZZUv RwUjZv nq
bv| eDaggerqvmwUuml KvDaggerji c~Daggere eDaggerqvmmwUuml KvDaggerji mgq Ges cDaggeri wPwKrmv eumlemacrrsquov cbdquo_K cbdquo_K nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
38
myrsaquo`Daggerii c~Rvix mKDaggerjB ZvB GB mgmumlv mgvavb KDaggeri
Avcwb nDaggerq DVyb myrsaquo`i `uvZ I nvwmi AwaKvix
39
daggerMR `vuZ(High Canine) DPz KZcopyb `vuZ t
AvgvDagger`i gyDaggerL eqm 5 eQi chcopyšmdash daggerh 20 wU `vuZ _vDaggerK Zvi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ
_vDaggerK| eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ 20wU `ya `vuZ hLb cDaggero wMDaggerq macrrsquovqx `vuZ DDaggerV ZLbI daggergvU
32wU `vuDaggerZi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ _vDaggerK| G KZcopyb `uvZcedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi 4wU daggerKvbvq AewmacrrsquoZ| ZvB
GDagger`iDaggerK Corner Stone of mouth eDaggerj| bvg iumlbDaggerjB daggerevSv hvq G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Lv`uml`ordfeumlDaggerK
KZcopyb KiDaggerZ Ges wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri| G `vuZ cedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK kwsup3kvjx| KviY G `vuDaggerZi
GbvDaggergDaggerji cyisbquoZiexcl Daggerewk Ges mvgDaggerbi 4wU `vuDaggerZi (Pecopyb `vuZ-Incisor tooth) ciciB
AewmacrrsquoZ| daggerKvb daggerKvb mgq wewfbœ KviY ekZt G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Zvi wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK wfbœ
AemacrrsquovDaggerb dagger`Lv hvq| hw` G `vuZcedilDaggerjv gvwoi gDaggerauml ev DcDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri ZLb ZvDaggerK
High Canine ev daggerMR `vuZ ejv nq| Avevi KLDaggerbv GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv Zvjyi w`K w`Daggerq DDaggerV|
ZLb GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK Palataly placed canine eDaggerj| Avevi KLDaggerbv I gvwo ev Zvjyi wfZDaggeri
G `vuZ Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| ZLb ZvDaggerK Impacted Canine ejv nq| GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi gDaggerauml
AZxe Risbquoix PviwU `vuZ| GB `vuZ daggerhgb Lv`uml`ordfeuml KZcopyb I wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri cvkvcvwk
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daggerPvqvDaggerji bovPovDaggerK wbqšiquestY KDaggeri| GB `vuZDaggerK Beauty tooth I ejv nq| ZvB G `vuDaggerZi
mvwietimesfvDaggere webumlvm LyeB Risbquoix|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ daggerh KDaggerqKwU mgmumlv ZzDaggerj aiv nDaggerjv G mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi mgvavb LyeB Risbquoix|
hw` daggerKD GiKg daggerKvb mgmumlvq fyDaggerM _vDaggerKb ZDaggere AwfAacute Orthodontist -B nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
Avcbvi myrsaquo`i nvwm wdwiDaggerq dagger`qvi cig eUumlz|
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daggerVvuU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerki wkiumlDagger`i GKwU AbumlZg
mgmumlv| wewfbœ MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv wMDaggerqDaggerQ cOumlwZ 700 RDaggerb 1 Rb daggerVvuU KvUv Ges cOumlwZ 1000 RDaggerb
1 Rb wkiuml Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| daggerVvuU KvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggerQDaggerj wkiumlDagger`i Ges
ZvjyKvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggergDaggerq-wkiumlDagger`i gvDaggerS|
wewfbœ KviDaggerY wkiuml daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri _vDaggerK| kZKiv 25 fvM daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GUv eskMZ KviDaggerY nDaggerq _vDaggerK| hw` 1 Rb ZvjyKvUv daggerivMx 1 Rb mymacrrsquo gvbylDaggerK weDaggerq KDaggeri ZDaggere
ZvDagger`i ev‛Pvi ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kivi mcurrencentvebv kZKiv 2 fvM|
Mfcopyvemacrrsquovi cOuml_g fvDaggerM gv hw` daggerKvb fvBivj BbDaggerdKkDaggerb Avmicrovšmdash nq ev kvixwiKfvDaggere
AvNvZcOumlvszlig nq ev niDaggergvDaggerbi fvimvgumlnxbZvq fyDaggerM ev wfUvwgDaggerbi AfvDaggere fyDaggerM _vDaggerK ev
daggeriwWDaggerqkDaggerb GmiddotDaggercvR nq ev _umlvwjDaggerWvgvBW RvZxq Ilya MOumlnY KDaggeri ZDaggere wkiumli daggerVvuU ev
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| KvDaggerQi AvZyenxq macr^RDaggerbi gvDaggerS weDaggerq nDaggerjI wkiuml G mgmumlv
wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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DaggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq wkiuml RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerj cwieviDaggerK bvbv aiDaggerYi mvgvwRK I gvbwmK
mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ nq| wkiuml hLb GB mgmumlv wbDaggerq eo nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZLb daggermI gvbwmKfvDaggere
nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ _vDaggerK| G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ K_v
ejDaggerZ I iumlbDaggerZ mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| `vuDaggerZi mgmumlvi gDaggerauml hv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Zvi gDaggerauml AbumlZg
nDagger‛Q-wewfbœ `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKv `vuZ wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV gyDaggerLi Abuml daggerKvb RvqMvq
DVv evowZ wKQy `vuZ _vKv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb ksup3 bv nIqv `vuDaggerZi MVb myrsaquo`i bv nIqv
gvwoi wewfbœ mgmumlv `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPy-bxPz nIqv|
daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv daggerivMxDagger`i wPwKrmv weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmKDagger`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutev Qvov mcurrencente
bq| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Orthodontist Gi f~wgKv iumlisbquo nq ev‛Pvi RDaggerbyeni ci ciB| daggerhDaggernZz daggerVvuU I
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv nq daggermRbuml wkiumli RDaggerbyeni ci ciB
gyDaggerLi wfZi covi Rbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b daggerhb wkiumli daggerLDaggerZ
daggerKvb mgmumlv bv nq|
kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wkiumli 3-6 gvm eqDaggerm daggerVvuU I 1-2 eQi eqDaggerm Zvjy wVK KiDaggerZ
nDaggere GKRb AwfAacute kjuml wPwKrmK Oslashviv| kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg daggerVvuU I Zvjy wVK Kivi ci
wkiumli DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj hvDaggerZ msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GK aiDaggerYi
Appliance ev hšiquest bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b|
wkiumli Mixed dentition stage (6-12 eQi eqm) -G gyDaggerL daggerKvb AwZwisup3 `vuZ
_vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GQvov mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Cross bite _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuZ
AvuKv evKv _vKDaggerj ev Molar ev daggerclY `vDaggerZi Relation wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere Removable ev Fixed appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo
KiDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
me macrrsquovqx `vuZ PDaggerj Avmvi ci macrrsquovqxfvDaggere daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Kvgo (Occlusion
improve) wVK Kivi Rbuml Fixed ev Removable appliance w`Daggerq Orthodontist
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb Ges daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggereb|
GB mgDaggerq gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyDaggerK wVK Kivi Rbuml cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj Bony Graft Kiv daggerhDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| Gi dDaggerj Orthodontic treatment Gi daggerh djvdj ZvI Aparazbœ _vKDaggere|
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daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLvi ci Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere daggerivMxDaggerK
Permanent Retainer bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv daggerivMxDaggerK me mgq cDaggero _vKDaggerZ nDaggere|
Amacrlsaquovi weRqx DaggerRvqvDaggerKb wdwbmiddot RDaggerbyeni mgq daggerVvuU KvuUv wQj
daggerVvuU KuvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv daggerKvb Awfkvc bq| mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg
GDaggerK mvwiDaggerq daggerZvjv mcurrencente| `iKvi iumlay mevi mDaggerPZbZv Avi mwVK mgDaggerq weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri daggerm Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY Kiv|
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ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerKvb eqDaggerm iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ Zv AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKiB ARvbv|
ADaggerbK AwffveKB eySDaggerZ cvDaggerib bv wkiumli ADagger_copyvWbwUK mgmumlvi Rbuml daggerKvb eqDaggerm
Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| AAacutevbZvi Rbuml ev Abuml daggerKvb wOslashav-OslashDaggerrsaquo`i
KviDaggerY Zviv ADaggerbK mgqB ADaggerbK dagger`ix KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb wPwKrmvi
Rbuml| dDaggerj wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc wPwKrmvi eumlvwszligKvj daggereDaggero hvq| wKQyDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK
chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc
wPwKrmvi djvdj Avkvbyiƒc nq bv| KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv KZUv
Risbquoix| GLb Avwg ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi eqm mxgv wbDaggerq AvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri AvcbvDagger`i
wKQyUv nDaggerjI aviYv dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev Kie|
AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerk ADaggerbK wkiumlB daggerVvuU ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| Kzmsmacrlsaquoviv‛Qbœ
gvbyliv GDaggerK Awfkvc ev fvDaggerMumli wjLb gDaggerb KDaggeri nvZ cv cedilwUDaggerq eDaggerm _vDaggerK daggerKvb wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri bv| wKšlsquo gDaggerb ivLDaggereb daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumli
AwffveKDagger`i DwPZ RDaggerbyeni ci ciB GKRb AwfAacute Orhodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY Kiv|
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KviY G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i RDaggerbyeni ciB cOumlavb I cOuml_g daggerh mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q Zv nDaggerjv Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mgmumlv| Orthodontist Gmgq GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv wkiumlDaggerK Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml LyeB parawZKi GKwU Afumlvm|
mvaviYZ `yB dagger_DaggerK wZb eQi eqDaggermi gDaggerauml Avcbv Avcwb wkiuml G AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KDaggeri daggerdDaggerj|
wKšlsquo ZviciI hw` wkiuml AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere AwffveKDagger`i Gi parawZKi w`KwU
mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere Ges microgvMZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv PjDaggerZ _vKDaggerj wkiumlDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj G AfumlvmwU
`~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance) bullZwi KDaggeri w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib
hvDaggerZ KDaggeri fwelumlDaggerZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi KviDaggerY wkiumli `vuDaggerZi webumlvm AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv hvq|
mvaviYZ 5-6 eQi eqm dagger_DaggerK wkiumlDagger`i `ya `vuZ coDaggerZ iumlisbquo KDaggeri| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK mgq
dagger`Lv hvq AvNvZ RwbZ paraq RwbZ ev Abuml daggerKvb daggerivDaggerMi KviDaggerY wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya
`vuZ cDaggero hvq ev daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| `vuZ covi ci daggerh dvuKv RvqMvwU _vDaggerK daggerm RvqMvwU ZLb
`yB cvDaggerki `vuZ w`Daggerq eUuml nDaggerq hvq| dDaggerj rsquovqx `vuZ DVvi Rbuml chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv daggercDaggerq
Amacr^vfvweK daggerKvb RvqMvq `vuZ DDaggerV Ges `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi mcurrencentvebv daggereDaggero hvq| GB dvuKv
macrrsquovbwU hvDaggerZ cvDaggerki `vuZ Oslashviv eUuml bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl hšiquest bullZwi
KDaggeri w`Daggereb hvDaggerK Space maintainer eDaggerj| KvDaggerRB daggerKvb `ya`vuZ hw` Zvi wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi
AvDaggerM cDaggero hvq ZDaggere dagger`ix bv KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi mvDagger_ dagger`Lv Kisbquob|
ADaggerbK ev‛PvDagger`i dagger`Lv hvq DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj daggerewk evoDaggerQ ev hZUzKz evovi K_v
ZZUzKz evoDaggerQ bv| Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc evošmdash eqDaggerm (6-12) Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cOumlDaggerqvRb AbymvDaggeri Face
mask ev Chin cap eumlenvi KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb hv ev‛Pvi DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimesDaggerK
mwVK AmacrrsquovDaggerb wbDaggerZ mnvqZv KiDaggere|
DaggerVuvU I ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i daggerVvuU I Zvjy kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wVK
Kivi ci mwVK mgq Orthodontist Gmiddotcvbmb macrŒz (Expansion screw) ZvjyDaggerZ jvwMDaggerq
dagger`b hvDaggerZ DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq| G wkiumlDagger`i 8-10 eQi eqDaggerm bone
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grafting Kivi Rbuml kjuml wPwKrmKDaggerK cOumlDaggerqvRbxq civgkcopy I mnvqZv w`Daggerq _vDaggerKb
Orthodontist|
6-12 eQi eqDaggerm hLb wkiumli gyDaggerL `ya I macrrsquovqx Dfq cOumlKvi `vuZ we`umlgvb ZLb hw`
`vuDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo (Cross bite) daggerewk Kvgo (Deep bite) dagger`Lv hvq ZDaggere
Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRbxq eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggereb hvDaggerZ fwelumlDaggerZ KvgocedilDaggerjv AvDaggeriv Lvivc -Gi w`DaggerK
bv hvq|
`ya `vuZ me cDaggero hvevi ci I macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVvi ci AvuKv evuKv DuPz -bxPz `vuZ wVK
Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS Removable Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ
ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere) ev Fixed Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere bv) w`Daggerq
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb|
ADaggerbDaggerKiB gDaggerbB cOumlkœ _vDaggerK daggerh daggerewk eqDaggerm Orthodontic wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere wKbv|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuZ nvo I GDagger`i mvDagger_ mcurrenuacuteKcopyhysup3 structure cedilDaggerjv fvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZDaggere daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv Kiv mcurrencente|
cOumlvszlig eqDaggerm hw` DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj hw` Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes daggercDaggerq _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv
wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj kjuml wPwKrmvi Oslashvimacrrsquo nDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi mdjZv wbfcopyi KDaggeri wPwKrmDaggerKi AwfAacuteZv daggerivMx I Zvi
AwffveDaggerKi mnDaggerhvwMZv I mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi Dci|
gDaggerb ivLDaggereb mgDaggerqi GK daggerdvuo AmgDaggerqi `k daggerdvuo| mwVK mgDaggerq mwVK KvRwU KiDaggerj
Avcwb daggerh djvdj cvDaggereb dagger`ix KDaggeri KvRwU KiDaggerj daggermB djvdj Avcwb bvI daggercDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
Avcbvi daggerKvb wbKURDaggerbi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj mwVK mgDaggerq Orthodontist
Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggerZ fyjDaggereb bv daggerhb|
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Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Dci Bracket
ev Brace covDaggerbv _vDaggerK| Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq
Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv wbDagger`kcopyvejx wVKgZ daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj wPwKrmv cieZcopyx RwUjZv dagger`Lv
dagger`evi mcurrencentvebv LyeB Kg|
Fixed Orthodontic treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq gyL I `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZ weDaggerkl hZœ wbDaggerZ
nDaggere| daggerhme welDaggerqi Dci daggerewk daggerewk bRi ivLDaggerZ nDaggere Zv bxDaggerP dagger`qv nDaggerjvt
1 daggerhw`b daggerivMxi gyDaggerL Bracket emvDaggerbv nDaggere Zvici dagger_DaggerK 24 NrsaquoUv chcopyšmdash ksup3 Lvevi
LvIqv DwPZ bq| GDaggerZ Bracket LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| H 24 NrsaquoUv Lye daggerRvDaggeri daggerRvDaggeri `vuZ
eordfvk Kiv I DwPZ bq| daggerivMx Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv civgkcopy Abyhvqx `vuZ eordfvk
KiDaggere I macr^vfvweK Lvevi LvDaggere|
2 Bracket covDaggerbvi 2-3 w`b chcopyšmdash daggerivMxi GKUz Amacr^wmacrmdash nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GDaggerZ fDaggerqi wKQy
daggerbB| gyDaggerL bZzb wKQy wRwbm emvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2-3 w`b ci Zv AfumlvDaggerm cwiYZ nDaggerq
hvDaggere|
3 cOumlwZevi Lvevi LvIqvi ci AekumlB `vuZ fvDaggerjvfvDaggere eordfvk KiDaggerZ nDaggere| mKvDaggerj I ivDaggerZ
daggerdnotvivBW hysup3 Uz_Daggercdivide w`Daggerq `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggere| Abumlvbuml mgq Uz_ daggercoacute Qvov eordfvk KiDaggerjI
PjDaggere|
4 cOumlwZ wZb (3) gvm ci ci Uz_eordfvk e`j KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Uz_eordfvDaggerki weordfmampjcedilDaggerjv daggerhb big
(Medium soft) nq Zv daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
5 Bracket ev appliance -Gi Dci bxDaggerP 45 daggerKvDaggerY eordfvk aDaggeri `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
6 Lye daggerRvDaggeri Pvc w`Daggerq eordfvk Kiv hvDaggere bv| GDaggerZ KDaggeri Appliance LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
7 `vuDaggerZi daggerh cvDaggerk Appliance AvDaggerQ daggermB cvDaggerk Appliance -Gi Dci AvjDaggerZvfvDaggere
NywiDaggerq NywiDaggerq eordfvk KDaggeri `vuZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| `vuDaggerZi Abumlvbuml cvkcedilDaggerjvI daggerhb
fvDaggerjvfvDaggere cwireglsaquovi Kiv nq daggermw`DaggerK daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
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8 cOumlwZevi Lvevi Gi ci eordfvk Kiv mcurrencente bv nDaggerj LyefvDaggerjv KDaggeri KzjKzwP KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
9 `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerSi gqjv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Dental Floss eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
DaggerKvb KvwV ev myuB w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerLvPvDaggerbv hvDaggere bv|
10 wRnŸv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Tongue Cleanser eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
11 cOumlDaggerqvRDaggerb fvDaggerjv Mouth Wash eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere ZDaggerewPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy
Abyhvqx|
12 `vuDaggerZi gvwo Avfrac12yj w`Daggerq Massage Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
13 daggerKvb appliance daggerfDaggerfrac12 daggerMDaggerj ev LyDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ev Appliance Gi KviDaggerY gyDaggerL daggerKvb
mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj dagger`ix bv KDaggeri mDaggerfrac12 mDaggerfrac12 Orthondontist-Gi civgkcopy wbDaggerZ nDaggere|
14 wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq ksup3 Lvevi (nvo AvL) LvIqv cwinvi KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
15 AvVvDaggerjv RvZxq Lvevi (PzBs Mvg) LvIqv ev` w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
16 daggercqviv AvDaggercj ev daggerh daggerKvb ksup3 Lvevi Kvgo w`Daggerq bv daggerLDaggerq daggerQvU daggerQvU UzKiv KDaggeri
daggerLDaggerZ nDaggere|
17 Orthodontist DaggerhfvDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK AvmDaggerZ ejDaggereb (1gvm ci ci) AekumlB Zv cvjb
KiDaggerZ nDaggere| bv nDaggerj daggerivMxi wPwKrmv daggerkl nDaggerZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi daggerewk jvMDaggere|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbPz `vuZ wVK Kivi Rbuml daggerhgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Oslashviv mwVK wPwKrmv daggerZgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerivMx Ges daggerivMxi AwffveDaggerKi
mnDaggerhvwMZv Ges Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy Abyhvqx Pjv| ZDaggereB DaggerivMx wPwKrmv DaggerkDaggerl cvDaggere
KvwldquoparaZ myrsaquo`i `vuZ|
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mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
50
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ dnotwms
51
daggerQvAElig GKwU evMvDaggerb hw` ADaggerbKcedilDaggerjv MvQ daggereDaggero DVDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZDaggere ADaggerbK MvDaggerQi macr^vfvweK ebdquowtimes
weboacute nq Ges evMvbwU wKQyw`b ci Nb Rfrac12Daggerj cwiYZ nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK| ZLb hw` daggermLvb
dagger_DaggerK wKQy MvQ daggerKDaggerU daggerdjv nq ZDaggere evMvbwUi evKxMvQcedilDaggerjv iparav daggercDaggerq macr^vfvweKfvDaggere daggereDaggero
DVDaggere|
daggerZgwb gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerh cwigvY RvqMv AvDaggerQ Zvi daggerPDaggerq hw` `vuDaggerZi msLumlv daggerewk wKsev
`vuZ Lye daggerekx AvuKv evKv DuPz `uvZ _vKDaggerj ZDaggere Zv wVK KDaggeri `vuZDaggerK mywebumlvmacrmdash myrsaquo`i KDaggeri
daggerZvjvi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgq daggerivMxi wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB daggerivMx ev
Zvi AwffveK `vuZ daggerZvjvi K_v iumlbDaggerj fq cvq| Zviv fvDaggere `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ ADaggerbK euml_v
jvMDaggere ev daggerPvDaggerLi daggereordfBDaggerbi hw` daggerKvb parawZ nq| Zviv Orthodontist daggerK `vuZ bv ZzDaggerj
wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml AbyDaggeriva KDaggeri _vDaggerK| wKšlsquo ZvDagger`i G mKj aviYv mcurrenuacute~Ycopy Ag~jK| `vuZ
ZzjDaggerj daggerPvDaggerLi ev daggereordfBDaggerbi daggerKvb parawZ nqbv| GKRb AwfAacute wPwKrmK ZvB KiDaggereb hv KiDaggerj
daggerivMxi wPwKrmv fvDaggerjvfvDaggere mcurrenuacutebœ nDaggere Ges daggerivMx I Zvi AwffveK mšlsquowoacute jvf KiDaggere| Avi
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM wbw copyoacute rsquovb fvDaggerjvfvDaggere Aek KDaggeri wbDaggerj Ges wPwKrmDaggerKi dagger`qv DcDagger`k `vuZ
daggerZvjvi w`b I cieZcopyx KDaggerqKw`b mwVKfvDaggere daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj `vuZ daggerZvjvi ci daggerivMxi daggerZgb daggerKvb
Amyweav nq bv ejDaggerjB PDaggerj|
52
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM
`vuZ daggerZvjvi cDaggeri
53
ADaggerbDaggerKB AvDaggerQb hviv ivDaggerZ NygvDaggerbvi AvDaggerM Ges mKvDaggerj bvmacrmdashv Lvevi ci `vuZ eordfvk
KDaggerib `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Kvj wejcurren^ bv KDaggeri `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggerib
`vuDaggerZi mymacrrsquoZvi Rbuml hv hv `iKvi Zviv Zv-B KDaggerib| GmeB nDaggerjv fvDaggerjv Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi
Rbuml LyeB DcKvix|
wKšlsquo Ggb wKQy Afumlvm AvDaggerQ hv gyL I `vuDaggerZi macr^vDaggermacrrsquoumli Rbuml LyeB parawZKi| Gme
e`AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi bvbv aiDaggerYi mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q| GB AfumlvmcedilDaggerjvi gDaggerauml Avfrac12yj
daggerPvlv wRnŸampv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv ev daggerVjv dagger`Iqv daggerKvb mgmumlv bv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI gyL w`Daggerq wbkbrvbarvm
daggerbqv daggerVvuU I bL KvgovDaggerbv AbumlZg|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK| evev gv hw` GUv daggerLqvj KDaggerib ZDaggere wkiumlDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere daggerh Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv Lvivc| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz nDaggerq hvq ADaggerbK mgq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bvI coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Open bite) bxDaggerPi
54
daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZcedilDaggerjv msKzwPZ nDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK hZUzKz daggerXDaggerK ivLv
DwPZ Zv KDaggerg daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerbvi ci I hw` Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm bv KDaggerg ZDaggere wkiumli 2-3 eQi eqm
chcopyšmdash ADaggercparav KiDaggerZ nDaggere| ADaggerbK mgq 3 eQi eqDaggermi ci wkiumli GB Afumlvm PDaggerj hvq|
ZviciI hw` wkiuml G Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere GKRb AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12
civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| wPwKrmK `iKvi gDaggerb nDaggerj daggerKvb Appliance ev hšiquest w`Daggereb hv
wkiumlDaggerK GB Afumlvm `~i KiDaggerZ mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wkiumli hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK ZDaggere DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DPuy nDaggerq hvq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bv coDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerivMx gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri
wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq Avcbvi daggermvbvgwbi hw` Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml
parawZKi ZDaggere cOuml_DaggergB ZvDaggerK eySvb| ZvDaggerZ KvR bv nDaggerj Aemacrrsquov hvDaggerZ AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv
hvq daggermRbuml AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy Kisbquob|
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OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
56
CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
57
KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
59
GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
60
ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
61
daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
33
2 Class II division 2 Malocclusion
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc Molar Relation Class II _vKDaggere A_copyvr DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev
Molar `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji 1g daggerclY ev Molar `vuDaggerZi dagger_DaggerK macr^vfvweDaggerKi PvBDaggerZ mvgDaggerb
Aemacrrsquovb KiDaggere|
GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerivMxi DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi `vuZcedilDaggerjv wKQyUv wfZDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb
KiDaggere| mvaviYZ DcDaggerii I bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj GKB iKg AemacrrsquovDaggerb _vKDaggere (Straight Profile)
DcDaggerii `vuZcedilDaggerjv bxDaggerPi `vuZcedilDaggerjvDaggerK cyDaggerivUv daggerXDaggerK ivLDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`ix bv KDaggeri GKRb Orthodontist daggerK Rvbvb|
Orthodontist wewfbœ chcopyDaggereparaY KDaggeri wPwKrmv ctimeswZ wVK KiDaggereb|
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Avcbvi AvDaggerk cvDaggerki gvbylcedilDaggerjvDaggerK GKUz fvDaggerjvfvDaggere jpara KiDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggereb daggerewki
fvM gvbyDaggerliB DcDaggeri daggerPvqvj Ges DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji
`vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ mvgvbuml GKUz mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK| Ges GUvB nDaggerjv macr^vfvweK| wKšlsquo wKQy gvbyDaggerli
daggerparaDaggerIcirc Gi DDaggereumlvUv dagger`Lv dagger`q| A_copyvr ZvDagger`i bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK _vDaggerK DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj ev DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ| GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi
fvlvq eDaggerj Class III malocclusion|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
`yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| 1Uv nDaggerjv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY| GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii
cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
35
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi
MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb dagger`DaggerL GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wKfvDaggere wPwKrmv KiDaggerj
daggerivMx mDaggerecopyvEumlg djvdj cvq|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion nq ZDaggere Orthodontic
Treatment A_copyvr iumlaygvIcirc Brace cwoDaggerqB wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere evošmdash ev cwiYZ daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB| ZDaggere Lye daggerewk eqDaggerm wPwKrmv KivDaggerj wPwKrmvi mgq daggereDaggero hvDaggere|
hw` evošmdash eqDaggerm nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion dagger`Lv dagger`q ZDaggere
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvjDaggerK mvgDaggerb Avbvi Rbuml ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvjDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerbqvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK wewfbœ
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aiDaggerYi hšiquest dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri eumlenvDaggerii Rbuml| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Face Mask Chin Cap DDaggerjshyL
daggerhvMuml|
hw` cwiYZ eqDaggerm gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerqi Class III malocclusion hv nvDaggerii MVDaggerbi
KviDaggerY nDaggerqDaggerQ Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ ZDaggere kjuml wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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evBgumlvmiddot
evBgvmiddot `y aiDaggerbi nq| evBgumlvwmiddotjvix cOumlUzordfmb Ges evBgumlvwmiddot jvix cOumlwKnotDaggerbmb| wK KwVb
katilde| Avmyb Lye mnDaggerR daggerRDaggerb daggerbB `uvZ I gvwoi Avi GK mgmumlv hvi bvg evBgvmiddot|
evBgumlvmiddot mgmumlvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj wKsev `uvZ wKsev DfqB mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK DPzu _vDaggerK| dDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv daggerVvU DPzu nDaggerq _vKv GgbwK gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ
cviv mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
mvavibZ `uvZ hw` Zzjbvg~jK fvDaggere eo GgbwK daggerPvqvj jcurren^v wKsev daggerXvK wMjvi mgq
wRnev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK Amacr^vfvweK fvDaggere `uvZDaggerK mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK daggerVjv w`Daggerj GB aiDaggerbi mgmumlv nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| NveovDaggerbvi wKQzB daggerbB GB mgmumlvi mgvavb Lye myrsaquo`i KDaggeri GK AwfAacute ADagger_copyDaggerWbwUdivide
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib| gDaggerb ivLDaggerZ nDaggere cOumlv_wgK Aemacrrsquovq GB mgmumlvi mgvavb KiDaggerj ZZUv RwUjZv nq
bv| eDaggerqvmwUuml KvDaggerji c~Daggere eDaggerqvmmwUuml KvDaggerji mgq Ges cDaggeri wPwKrmv eumlemacrrsquov cbdquo_K cbdquo_K nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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myrsaquo`Daggerii c~Rvix mKDaggerjB ZvB GB mgmumlv mgvavb KDaggeri
Avcwb nDaggerq DVyb myrsaquo`i `uvZ I nvwmi AwaKvix
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daggerMR `vuZ(High Canine) DPz KZcopyb `vuZ t
AvgvDagger`i gyDaggerL eqm 5 eQi chcopyšmdash daggerh 20 wU `vuZ _vDaggerK Zvi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ
_vDaggerK| eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ 20wU `ya `vuZ hLb cDaggero wMDaggerq macrrsquovqx `vuZ DDaggerV ZLbI daggergvU
32wU `vuDaggerZi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ _vDaggerK| G KZcopyb `uvZcedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi 4wU daggerKvbvq AewmacrrsquoZ| ZvB
GDagger`iDaggerK Corner Stone of mouth eDaggerj| bvg iumlbDaggerjB daggerevSv hvq G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Lv`uml`ordfeumlDaggerK
KZcopyb KiDaggerZ Ges wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri| G `vuZ cedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK kwsup3kvjx| KviY G `vuDaggerZi
GbvDaggergDaggerji cyisbquoZiexcl Daggerewk Ges mvgDaggerbi 4wU `vuDaggerZi (Pecopyb `vuZ-Incisor tooth) ciciB
AewmacrrsquoZ| daggerKvb daggerKvb mgq wewfbœ KviY ekZt G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Zvi wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK wfbœ
AemacrrsquovDaggerb dagger`Lv hvq| hw` G `vuZcedilDaggerjv gvwoi gDaggerauml ev DcDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri ZLb ZvDaggerK
High Canine ev daggerMR `vuZ ejv nq| Avevi KLDaggerbv GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv Zvjyi w`K w`Daggerq DDaggerV|
ZLb GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK Palataly placed canine eDaggerj| Avevi KLDaggerbv I gvwo ev Zvjyi wfZDaggeri
G `vuZ Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| ZLb ZvDaggerK Impacted Canine ejv nq| GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi gDaggerauml
AZxe Risbquoix PviwU `vuZ| GB `vuZ daggerhgb Lv`uml`ordfeuml KZcopyb I wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri cvkvcvwk
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daggerPvqvDaggerji bovPovDaggerK wbqšiquestY KDaggeri| GB `vuZDaggerK Beauty tooth I ejv nq| ZvB G `vuDaggerZi
mvwietimesfvDaggere webumlvm LyeB Risbquoix|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ daggerh KDaggerqKwU mgmumlv ZzDaggerj aiv nDaggerjv G mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi mgvavb LyeB Risbquoix|
hw` daggerKD GiKg daggerKvb mgmumlvq fyDaggerM _vDaggerKb ZDaggere AwfAacute Orthodontist -B nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
Avcbvi myrsaquo`i nvwm wdwiDaggerq dagger`qvi cig eUumlz|
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daggerVvuU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerki wkiumlDagger`i GKwU AbumlZg
mgmumlv| wewfbœ MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv wMDaggerqDaggerQ cOumlwZ 700 RDaggerb 1 Rb daggerVvuU KvUv Ges cOumlwZ 1000 RDaggerb
1 Rb wkiuml Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| daggerVvuU KvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggerQDaggerj wkiumlDagger`i Ges
ZvjyKvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggergDaggerq-wkiumlDagger`i gvDaggerS|
wewfbœ KviDaggerY wkiuml daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri _vDaggerK| kZKiv 25 fvM daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GUv eskMZ KviDaggerY nDaggerq _vDaggerK| hw` 1 Rb ZvjyKvUv daggerivMx 1 Rb mymacrrsquo gvbylDaggerK weDaggerq KDaggeri ZDaggere
ZvDagger`i ev‛Pvi ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kivi mcurrencentvebv kZKiv 2 fvM|
Mfcopyvemacrrsquovi cOuml_g fvDaggerM gv hw` daggerKvb fvBivj BbDaggerdKkDaggerb Avmicrovšmdash nq ev kvixwiKfvDaggere
AvNvZcOumlvszlig nq ev niDaggergvDaggerbi fvimvgumlnxbZvq fyDaggerM ev wfUvwgDaggerbi AfvDaggere fyDaggerM _vDaggerK ev
daggeriwWDaggerqkDaggerb GmiddotDaggercvR nq ev _umlvwjDaggerWvgvBW RvZxq Ilya MOumlnY KDaggeri ZDaggere wkiumli daggerVvuU ev
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| KvDaggerQi AvZyenxq macr^RDaggerbi gvDaggerS weDaggerq nDaggerjI wkiuml G mgmumlv
wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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DaggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq wkiuml RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerj cwieviDaggerK bvbv aiDaggerYi mvgvwRK I gvbwmK
mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ nq| wkiuml hLb GB mgmumlv wbDaggerq eo nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZLb daggermI gvbwmKfvDaggere
nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ _vDaggerK| G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ K_v
ejDaggerZ I iumlbDaggerZ mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| `vuDaggerZi mgmumlvi gDaggerauml hv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Zvi gDaggerauml AbumlZg
nDagger‛Q-wewfbœ `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKv `vuZ wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV gyDaggerLi Abuml daggerKvb RvqMvq
DVv evowZ wKQy `vuZ _vKv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb ksup3 bv nIqv `vuDaggerZi MVb myrsaquo`i bv nIqv
gvwoi wewfbœ mgmumlv `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPy-bxPz nIqv|
daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv daggerivMxDagger`i wPwKrmv weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmKDagger`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutev Qvov mcurrencente
bq| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Orthodontist Gi f~wgKv iumlisbquo nq ev‛Pvi RDaggerbyeni ci ciB| daggerhDaggernZz daggerVvuU I
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv nq daggermRbuml wkiumli RDaggerbyeni ci ciB
gyDaggerLi wfZi covi Rbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b daggerhb wkiumli daggerLDaggerZ
daggerKvb mgmumlv bv nq|
kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wkiumli 3-6 gvm eqDaggerm daggerVvuU I 1-2 eQi eqDaggerm Zvjy wVK KiDaggerZ
nDaggere GKRb AwfAacute kjuml wPwKrmK Oslashviv| kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg daggerVvuU I Zvjy wVK Kivi ci
wkiumli DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj hvDaggerZ msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GK aiDaggerYi
Appliance ev hšiquest bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b|
wkiumli Mixed dentition stage (6-12 eQi eqm) -G gyDaggerL daggerKvb AwZwisup3 `vuZ
_vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GQvov mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Cross bite _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuZ
AvuKv evKv _vKDaggerj ev Molar ev daggerclY `vDaggerZi Relation wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere Removable ev Fixed appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo
KiDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
me macrrsquovqx `vuZ PDaggerj Avmvi ci macrrsquovqxfvDaggere daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Kvgo (Occlusion
improve) wVK Kivi Rbuml Fixed ev Removable appliance w`Daggerq Orthodontist
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb Ges daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggereb|
GB mgDaggerq gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyDaggerK wVK Kivi Rbuml cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj Bony Graft Kiv daggerhDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| Gi dDaggerj Orthodontic treatment Gi daggerh djvdj ZvI Aparazbœ _vKDaggere|
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daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLvi ci Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere daggerivMxDaggerK
Permanent Retainer bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv daggerivMxDaggerK me mgq cDaggero _vKDaggerZ nDaggere|
Amacrlsaquovi weRqx DaggerRvqvDaggerKb wdwbmiddot RDaggerbyeni mgq daggerVvuU KvuUv wQj
daggerVvuU KuvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv daggerKvb Awfkvc bq| mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg
GDaggerK mvwiDaggerq daggerZvjv mcurrencente| `iKvi iumlay mevi mDaggerPZbZv Avi mwVK mgDaggerq weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri daggerm Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY Kiv|
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ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerKvb eqDaggerm iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ Zv AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKiB ARvbv|
ADaggerbK AwffveKB eySDaggerZ cvDaggerib bv wkiumli ADagger_copyvWbwUK mgmumlvi Rbuml daggerKvb eqDaggerm
Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| AAacutevbZvi Rbuml ev Abuml daggerKvb wOslashav-OslashDaggerrsaquo`i
KviDaggerY Zviv ADaggerbK mgqB ADaggerbK dagger`ix KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb wPwKrmvi
Rbuml| dDaggerj wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc wPwKrmvi eumlvwszligKvj daggereDaggero hvq| wKQyDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK
chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc
wPwKrmvi djvdj Avkvbyiƒc nq bv| KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv KZUv
Risbquoix| GLb Avwg ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi eqm mxgv wbDaggerq AvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri AvcbvDagger`i
wKQyUv nDaggerjI aviYv dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev Kie|
AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerk ADaggerbK wkiumlB daggerVvuU ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| Kzmsmacrlsaquoviv‛Qbœ
gvbyliv GDaggerK Awfkvc ev fvDaggerMumli wjLb gDaggerb KDaggeri nvZ cv cedilwUDaggerq eDaggerm _vDaggerK daggerKvb wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri bv| wKšlsquo gDaggerb ivLDaggereb daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumli
AwffveKDagger`i DwPZ RDaggerbyeni ci ciB GKRb AwfAacute Orhodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY Kiv|
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KviY G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i RDaggerbyeni ciB cOumlavb I cOuml_g daggerh mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q Zv nDaggerjv Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mgmumlv| Orthodontist Gmgq GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv wkiumlDaggerK Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml LyeB parawZKi GKwU Afumlvm|
mvaviYZ `yB dagger_DaggerK wZb eQi eqDaggermi gDaggerauml Avcbv Avcwb wkiuml G AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KDaggeri daggerdDaggerj|
wKšlsquo ZviciI hw` wkiuml AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere AwffveKDagger`i Gi parawZKi w`KwU
mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere Ges microgvMZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv PjDaggerZ _vKDaggerj wkiumlDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj G AfumlvmwU
`~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance) bullZwi KDaggeri w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib
hvDaggerZ KDaggeri fwelumlDaggerZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi KviDaggerY wkiumli `vuDaggerZi webumlvm AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv hvq|
mvaviYZ 5-6 eQi eqm dagger_DaggerK wkiumlDagger`i `ya `vuZ coDaggerZ iumlisbquo KDaggeri| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK mgq
dagger`Lv hvq AvNvZ RwbZ paraq RwbZ ev Abuml daggerKvb daggerivDaggerMi KviDaggerY wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya
`vuZ cDaggero hvq ev daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| `vuZ covi ci daggerh dvuKv RvqMvwU _vDaggerK daggerm RvqMvwU ZLb
`yB cvDaggerki `vuZ w`Daggerq eUuml nDaggerq hvq| dDaggerj rsquovqx `vuZ DVvi Rbuml chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv daggercDaggerq
Amacr^vfvweK daggerKvb RvqMvq `vuZ DDaggerV Ges `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi mcurrencentvebv daggereDaggero hvq| GB dvuKv
macrrsquovbwU hvDaggerZ cvDaggerki `vuZ Oslashviv eUuml bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl hšiquest bullZwi
KDaggeri w`Daggereb hvDaggerK Space maintainer eDaggerj| KvDaggerRB daggerKvb `ya`vuZ hw` Zvi wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi
AvDaggerM cDaggero hvq ZDaggere dagger`ix bv KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi mvDagger_ dagger`Lv Kisbquob|
ADaggerbK ev‛PvDagger`i dagger`Lv hvq DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj daggerewk evoDaggerQ ev hZUzKz evovi K_v
ZZUzKz evoDaggerQ bv| Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc evošmdash eqDaggerm (6-12) Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cOumlDaggerqvRb AbymvDaggeri Face
mask ev Chin cap eumlenvi KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb hv ev‛Pvi DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimesDaggerK
mwVK AmacrrsquovDaggerb wbDaggerZ mnvqZv KiDaggere|
DaggerVuvU I ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i daggerVvuU I Zvjy kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wVK
Kivi ci mwVK mgq Orthodontist Gmiddotcvbmb macrŒz (Expansion screw) ZvjyDaggerZ jvwMDaggerq
dagger`b hvDaggerZ DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq| G wkiumlDagger`i 8-10 eQi eqDaggerm bone
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grafting Kivi Rbuml kjuml wPwKrmKDaggerK cOumlDaggerqvRbxq civgkcopy I mnvqZv w`Daggerq _vDaggerKb
Orthodontist|
6-12 eQi eqDaggerm hLb wkiumli gyDaggerL `ya I macrrsquovqx Dfq cOumlKvi `vuZ we`umlgvb ZLb hw`
`vuDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo (Cross bite) daggerewk Kvgo (Deep bite) dagger`Lv hvq ZDaggere
Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRbxq eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggereb hvDaggerZ fwelumlDaggerZ KvgocedilDaggerjv AvDaggeriv Lvivc -Gi w`DaggerK
bv hvq|
`ya `vuZ me cDaggero hvevi ci I macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVvi ci AvuKv evuKv DuPz -bxPz `vuZ wVK
Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS Removable Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ
ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere) ev Fixed Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere bv) w`Daggerq
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb|
ADaggerbDaggerKiB gDaggerbB cOumlkœ _vDaggerK daggerh daggerewk eqDaggerm Orthodontic wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere wKbv|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuZ nvo I GDagger`i mvDagger_ mcurrenuacuteKcopyhysup3 structure cedilDaggerjv fvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZDaggere daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv Kiv mcurrencente|
cOumlvszlig eqDaggerm hw` DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj hw` Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes daggercDaggerq _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv
wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj kjuml wPwKrmvi Oslashvimacrrsquo nDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi mdjZv wbfcopyi KDaggeri wPwKrmDaggerKi AwfAacuteZv daggerivMx I Zvi
AwffveDaggerKi mnDaggerhvwMZv I mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi Dci|
gDaggerb ivLDaggereb mgDaggerqi GK daggerdvuo AmgDaggerqi `k daggerdvuo| mwVK mgDaggerq mwVK KvRwU KiDaggerj
Avcwb daggerh djvdj cvDaggereb dagger`ix KDaggeri KvRwU KiDaggerj daggermB djvdj Avcwb bvI daggercDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
Avcbvi daggerKvb wbKURDaggerbi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj mwVK mgDaggerq Orthodontist
Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggerZ fyjDaggereb bv daggerhb|
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Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Dci Bracket
ev Brace covDaggerbv _vDaggerK| Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq
Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv wbDagger`kcopyvejx wVKgZ daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj wPwKrmv cieZcopyx RwUjZv dagger`Lv
dagger`evi mcurrencentvebv LyeB Kg|
Fixed Orthodontic treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq gyL I `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZ weDaggerkl hZœ wbDaggerZ
nDaggere| daggerhme welDaggerqi Dci daggerewk daggerewk bRi ivLDaggerZ nDaggere Zv bxDaggerP dagger`qv nDaggerjvt
1 daggerhw`b daggerivMxi gyDaggerL Bracket emvDaggerbv nDaggere Zvici dagger_DaggerK 24 NrsaquoUv chcopyšmdash ksup3 Lvevi
LvIqv DwPZ bq| GDaggerZ Bracket LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| H 24 NrsaquoUv Lye daggerRvDaggeri daggerRvDaggeri `vuZ
eordfvk Kiv I DwPZ bq| daggerivMx Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv civgkcopy Abyhvqx `vuZ eordfvk
KiDaggere I macr^vfvweK Lvevi LvDaggere|
2 Bracket covDaggerbvi 2-3 w`b chcopyšmdash daggerivMxi GKUz Amacr^wmacrmdash nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GDaggerZ fDaggerqi wKQy
daggerbB| gyDaggerL bZzb wKQy wRwbm emvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2-3 w`b ci Zv AfumlvDaggerm cwiYZ nDaggerq
hvDaggere|
3 cOumlwZevi Lvevi LvIqvi ci AekumlB `vuZ fvDaggerjvfvDaggere eordfvk KiDaggerZ nDaggere| mKvDaggerj I ivDaggerZ
daggerdnotvivBW hysup3 Uz_Daggercdivide w`Daggerq `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggere| Abumlvbuml mgq Uz_ daggercoacute Qvov eordfvk KiDaggerjI
PjDaggere|
4 cOumlwZ wZb (3) gvm ci ci Uz_eordfvk e`j KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Uz_eordfvDaggerki weordfmampjcedilDaggerjv daggerhb big
(Medium soft) nq Zv daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
5 Bracket ev appliance -Gi Dci bxDaggerP 45 daggerKvDaggerY eordfvk aDaggeri `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
6 Lye daggerRvDaggeri Pvc w`Daggerq eordfvk Kiv hvDaggere bv| GDaggerZ KDaggeri Appliance LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
7 `vuDaggerZi daggerh cvDaggerk Appliance AvDaggerQ daggermB cvDaggerk Appliance -Gi Dci AvjDaggerZvfvDaggere
NywiDaggerq NywiDaggerq eordfvk KDaggeri `vuZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| `vuDaggerZi Abumlvbuml cvkcedilDaggerjvI daggerhb
fvDaggerjvfvDaggere cwireglsaquovi Kiv nq daggermw`DaggerK daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
48
8 cOumlwZevi Lvevi Gi ci eordfvk Kiv mcurrencente bv nDaggerj LyefvDaggerjv KDaggeri KzjKzwP KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
9 `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerSi gqjv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Dental Floss eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
DaggerKvb KvwV ev myuB w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerLvPvDaggerbv hvDaggere bv|
10 wRnŸv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Tongue Cleanser eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
11 cOumlDaggerqvRDaggerb fvDaggerjv Mouth Wash eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere ZDaggerewPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy
Abyhvqx|
12 `vuDaggerZi gvwo Avfrac12yj w`Daggerq Massage Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
13 daggerKvb appliance daggerfDaggerfrac12 daggerMDaggerj ev LyDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ev Appliance Gi KviDaggerY gyDaggerL daggerKvb
mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj dagger`ix bv KDaggeri mDaggerfrac12 mDaggerfrac12 Orthondontist-Gi civgkcopy wbDaggerZ nDaggere|
14 wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq ksup3 Lvevi (nvo AvL) LvIqv cwinvi KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
15 AvVvDaggerjv RvZxq Lvevi (PzBs Mvg) LvIqv ev` w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
16 daggercqviv AvDaggercj ev daggerh daggerKvb ksup3 Lvevi Kvgo w`Daggerq bv daggerLDaggerq daggerQvU daggerQvU UzKiv KDaggeri
daggerLDaggerZ nDaggere|
17 Orthodontist DaggerhfvDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK AvmDaggerZ ejDaggereb (1gvm ci ci) AekumlB Zv cvjb
KiDaggerZ nDaggere| bv nDaggerj daggerivMxi wPwKrmv daggerkl nDaggerZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi daggerewk jvMDaggere|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbPz `vuZ wVK Kivi Rbuml daggerhgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Oslashviv mwVK wPwKrmv daggerZgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerivMx Ges daggerivMxi AwffveDaggerKi
mnDaggerhvwMZv Ges Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy Abyhvqx Pjv| ZDaggereB DaggerivMx wPwKrmv DaggerkDaggerl cvDaggere
KvwldquoparaZ myrsaquo`i `vuZ|
49
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
50
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ dnotwms
51
daggerQvAElig GKwU evMvDaggerb hw` ADaggerbKcedilDaggerjv MvQ daggereDaggero DVDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZDaggere ADaggerbK MvDaggerQi macr^vfvweK ebdquowtimes
weboacute nq Ges evMvbwU wKQyw`b ci Nb Rfrac12Daggerj cwiYZ nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK| ZLb hw` daggermLvb
dagger_DaggerK wKQy MvQ daggerKDaggerU daggerdjv nq ZDaggere evMvbwUi evKxMvQcedilDaggerjv iparav daggercDaggerq macr^vfvweKfvDaggere daggereDaggero
DVDaggere|
daggerZgwb gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerh cwigvY RvqMv AvDaggerQ Zvi daggerPDaggerq hw` `vuDaggerZi msLumlv daggerewk wKsev
`vuZ Lye daggerekx AvuKv evKv DuPz `uvZ _vKDaggerj ZDaggere Zv wVK KDaggeri `vuZDaggerK mywebumlvmacrmdash myrsaquo`i KDaggeri
daggerZvjvi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgq daggerivMxi wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB daggerivMx ev
Zvi AwffveK `vuZ daggerZvjvi K_v iumlbDaggerj fq cvq| Zviv fvDaggere `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ ADaggerbK euml_v
jvMDaggere ev daggerPvDaggerLi daggereordfBDaggerbi hw` daggerKvb parawZ nq| Zviv Orthodontist daggerK `vuZ bv ZzDaggerj
wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml AbyDaggeriva KDaggeri _vDaggerK| wKšlsquo ZvDagger`i G mKj aviYv mcurrenuacute~Ycopy Ag~jK| `vuZ
ZzjDaggerj daggerPvDaggerLi ev daggereordfBDaggerbi daggerKvb parawZ nqbv| GKRb AwfAacute wPwKrmK ZvB KiDaggereb hv KiDaggerj
daggerivMxi wPwKrmv fvDaggerjvfvDaggere mcurrenuacutebœ nDaggere Ges daggerivMx I Zvi AwffveK mšlsquowoacute jvf KiDaggere| Avi
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM wbw copyoacute rsquovb fvDaggerjvfvDaggere Aek KDaggeri wbDaggerj Ges wPwKrmDaggerKi dagger`qv DcDagger`k `vuZ
daggerZvjvi w`b I cieZcopyx KDaggerqKw`b mwVKfvDaggere daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj `vuZ daggerZvjvi ci daggerivMxi daggerZgb daggerKvb
Amyweav nq bv ejDaggerjB PDaggerj|
52
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM
`vuZ daggerZvjvi cDaggeri
53
ADaggerbDaggerKB AvDaggerQb hviv ivDaggerZ NygvDaggerbvi AvDaggerM Ges mKvDaggerj bvmacrmdashv Lvevi ci `vuZ eordfvk
KDaggerib `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Kvj wejcurren^ bv KDaggeri `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggerib
`vuDaggerZi mymacrrsquoZvi Rbuml hv hv `iKvi Zviv Zv-B KDaggerib| GmeB nDaggerjv fvDaggerjv Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi
Rbuml LyeB DcKvix|
wKšlsquo Ggb wKQy Afumlvm AvDaggerQ hv gyL I `vuDaggerZi macr^vDaggermacrrsquoumli Rbuml LyeB parawZKi| Gme
e`AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi bvbv aiDaggerYi mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q| GB AfumlvmcedilDaggerjvi gDaggerauml Avfrac12yj
daggerPvlv wRnŸampv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv ev daggerVjv dagger`Iqv daggerKvb mgmumlv bv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI gyL w`Daggerq wbkbrvbarvm
daggerbqv daggerVvuU I bL KvgovDaggerbv AbumlZg|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK| evev gv hw` GUv daggerLqvj KDaggerib ZDaggere wkiumlDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere daggerh Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv Lvivc| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz nDaggerq hvq ADaggerbK mgq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bvI coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Open bite) bxDaggerPi
54
daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZcedilDaggerjv msKzwPZ nDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK hZUzKz daggerXDaggerK ivLv
DwPZ Zv KDaggerg daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerbvi ci I hw` Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm bv KDaggerg ZDaggere wkiumli 2-3 eQi eqm
chcopyšmdash ADaggercparav KiDaggerZ nDaggere| ADaggerbK mgq 3 eQi eqDaggermi ci wkiumli GB Afumlvm PDaggerj hvq|
ZviciI hw` wkiuml G Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere GKRb AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12
civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| wPwKrmK `iKvi gDaggerb nDaggerj daggerKvb Appliance ev hšiquest w`Daggereb hv
wkiumlDaggerK GB Afumlvm `~i KiDaggerZ mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wkiumli hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK ZDaggere DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DPuy nDaggerq hvq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bv coDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerivMx gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri
wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq Avcbvi daggermvbvgwbi hw` Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml
parawZKi ZDaggere cOuml_DaggergB ZvDaggerK eySvb| ZvDaggerZ KvR bv nDaggerj Aemacrrsquov hvDaggerZ AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv
hvq daggermRbuml AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy Kisbquob|
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55
OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
56
CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
57
KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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58
DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
59
GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
60
ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
61
daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
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Avcbvi AvDaggerk cvDaggerki gvbylcedilDaggerjvDaggerK GKUz fvDaggerjvfvDaggere jpara KiDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggereb daggerewki
fvM gvbyDaggerliB DcDaggeri daggerPvqvj Ges DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji
`vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ mvgvbuml GKUz mvgDaggerb _vDaggerK| Ges GUvB nDaggerjv macr^vfvweK| wKšlsquo wKQy gvbyDaggerli
daggerparaDaggerIcirc Gi DDaggereumlvUv dagger`Lv dagger`q| A_copyvr ZvDagger`i bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZ mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK _vDaggerK DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj ev DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuDaggerZi PvBDaggerZ| GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi
fvlvq eDaggerj Class III malocclusion|
wPwKrmvi c~Daggerecopy wPwKrmvi cDaggeri
`yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| 1Uv nDaggerjv `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY| GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii
cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi
MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb dagger`DaggerL GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wKfvDaggere wPwKrmv KiDaggerj
daggerivMx mDaggerecopyvEumlg djvdj cvq|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion nq ZDaggere Orthodontic
Treatment A_copyvr iumlaygvIcirc Brace cwoDaggerqB wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere evošmdash ev cwiYZ daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB| ZDaggere Lye daggerewk eqDaggerm wPwKrmv KivDaggerj wPwKrmvi mgq daggereDaggero hvDaggere|
hw` evošmdash eqDaggerm nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion dagger`Lv dagger`q ZDaggere
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvjDaggerK mvgDaggerb Avbvi Rbuml ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvjDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerbqvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK wewfbœ
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aiDaggerYi hšiquest dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri eumlenvDaggerii Rbuml| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Face Mask Chin Cap DDaggerjshyL
daggerhvMuml|
hw` cwiYZ eqDaggerm gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerqi Class III malocclusion hv nvDaggerii MVDaggerbi
KviDaggerY nDaggerqDaggerQ Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ ZDaggere kjuml wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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evBgumlvmiddot
evBgvmiddot `y aiDaggerbi nq| evBgumlvwmiddotjvix cOumlUzordfmb Ges evBgumlvwmiddot jvix cOumlwKnotDaggerbmb| wK KwVb
katilde| Avmyb Lye mnDaggerR daggerRDaggerb daggerbB `uvZ I gvwoi Avi GK mgmumlv hvi bvg evBgvmiddot|
evBgumlvmiddot mgmumlvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj wKsev `uvZ wKsev DfqB mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK DPzu _vDaggerK| dDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv daggerVvU DPzu nDaggerq _vKv GgbwK gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ
cviv mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
mvavibZ `uvZ hw` Zzjbvg~jK fvDaggere eo GgbwK daggerPvqvj jcurren^v wKsev daggerXvK wMjvi mgq
wRnev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK Amacr^vfvweK fvDaggere `uvZDaggerK mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK daggerVjv w`Daggerj GB aiDaggerbi mgmumlv nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| NveovDaggerbvi wKQzB daggerbB GB mgmumlvi mgvavb Lye myrsaquo`i KDaggeri GK AwfAacute ADagger_copyDaggerWbwUdivide
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib| gDaggerb ivLDaggerZ nDaggere cOumlv_wgK Aemacrrsquovq GB mgmumlvi mgvavb KiDaggerj ZZUv RwUjZv nq
bv| eDaggerqvmwUuml KvDaggerji c~Daggere eDaggerqvmmwUuml KvDaggerji mgq Ges cDaggeri wPwKrmv eumlemacrrsquov cbdquo_K cbdquo_K nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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myrsaquo`Daggerii c~Rvix mKDaggerjB ZvB GB mgmumlv mgvavb KDaggeri
Avcwb nDaggerq DVyb myrsaquo`i `uvZ I nvwmi AwaKvix
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daggerMR `vuZ(High Canine) DPz KZcopyb `vuZ t
AvgvDagger`i gyDaggerL eqm 5 eQi chcopyšmdash daggerh 20 wU `vuZ _vDaggerK Zvi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ
_vDaggerK| eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ 20wU `ya `vuZ hLb cDaggero wMDaggerq macrrsquovqx `vuZ DDaggerV ZLbI daggergvU
32wU `vuDaggerZi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ _vDaggerK| G KZcopyb `uvZcedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi 4wU daggerKvbvq AewmacrrsquoZ| ZvB
GDagger`iDaggerK Corner Stone of mouth eDaggerj| bvg iumlbDaggerjB daggerevSv hvq G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Lv`uml`ordfeumlDaggerK
KZcopyb KiDaggerZ Ges wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri| G `vuZ cedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK kwsup3kvjx| KviY G `vuDaggerZi
GbvDaggergDaggerji cyisbquoZiexcl Daggerewk Ges mvgDaggerbi 4wU `vuDaggerZi (Pecopyb `vuZ-Incisor tooth) ciciB
AewmacrrsquoZ| daggerKvb daggerKvb mgq wewfbœ KviY ekZt G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Zvi wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK wfbœ
AemacrrsquovDaggerb dagger`Lv hvq| hw` G `vuZcedilDaggerjv gvwoi gDaggerauml ev DcDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri ZLb ZvDaggerK
High Canine ev daggerMR `vuZ ejv nq| Avevi KLDaggerbv GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv Zvjyi w`K w`Daggerq DDaggerV|
ZLb GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK Palataly placed canine eDaggerj| Avevi KLDaggerbv I gvwo ev Zvjyi wfZDaggeri
G `vuZ Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| ZLb ZvDaggerK Impacted Canine ejv nq| GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi gDaggerauml
AZxe Risbquoix PviwU `vuZ| GB `vuZ daggerhgb Lv`uml`ordfeuml KZcopyb I wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri cvkvcvwk
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daggerPvqvDaggerji bovPovDaggerK wbqšiquestY KDaggeri| GB `vuZDaggerK Beauty tooth I ejv nq| ZvB G `vuDaggerZi
mvwietimesfvDaggere webumlvm LyeB Risbquoix|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ daggerh KDaggerqKwU mgmumlv ZzDaggerj aiv nDaggerjv G mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi mgvavb LyeB Risbquoix|
hw` daggerKD GiKg daggerKvb mgmumlvq fyDaggerM _vDaggerKb ZDaggere AwfAacute Orthodontist -B nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
Avcbvi myrsaquo`i nvwm wdwiDaggerq dagger`qvi cig eUumlz|
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daggerVvuU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerki wkiumlDagger`i GKwU AbumlZg
mgmumlv| wewfbœ MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv wMDaggerqDaggerQ cOumlwZ 700 RDaggerb 1 Rb daggerVvuU KvUv Ges cOumlwZ 1000 RDaggerb
1 Rb wkiuml Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| daggerVvuU KvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggerQDaggerj wkiumlDagger`i Ges
ZvjyKvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggergDaggerq-wkiumlDagger`i gvDaggerS|
wewfbœ KviDaggerY wkiuml daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri _vDaggerK| kZKiv 25 fvM daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GUv eskMZ KviDaggerY nDaggerq _vDaggerK| hw` 1 Rb ZvjyKvUv daggerivMx 1 Rb mymacrrsquo gvbylDaggerK weDaggerq KDaggeri ZDaggere
ZvDagger`i ev‛Pvi ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kivi mcurrencentvebv kZKiv 2 fvM|
Mfcopyvemacrrsquovi cOuml_g fvDaggerM gv hw` daggerKvb fvBivj BbDaggerdKkDaggerb Avmicrovšmdash nq ev kvixwiKfvDaggere
AvNvZcOumlvszlig nq ev niDaggergvDaggerbi fvimvgumlnxbZvq fyDaggerM ev wfUvwgDaggerbi AfvDaggere fyDaggerM _vDaggerK ev
daggeriwWDaggerqkDaggerb GmiddotDaggercvR nq ev _umlvwjDaggerWvgvBW RvZxq Ilya MOumlnY KDaggeri ZDaggere wkiumli daggerVvuU ev
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| KvDaggerQi AvZyenxq macr^RDaggerbi gvDaggerS weDaggerq nDaggerjI wkiuml G mgmumlv
wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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DaggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq wkiuml RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerj cwieviDaggerK bvbv aiDaggerYi mvgvwRK I gvbwmK
mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ nq| wkiuml hLb GB mgmumlv wbDaggerq eo nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZLb daggermI gvbwmKfvDaggere
nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ _vDaggerK| G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ K_v
ejDaggerZ I iumlbDaggerZ mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| `vuDaggerZi mgmumlvi gDaggerauml hv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Zvi gDaggerauml AbumlZg
nDagger‛Q-wewfbœ `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKv `vuZ wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV gyDaggerLi Abuml daggerKvb RvqMvq
DVv evowZ wKQy `vuZ _vKv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb ksup3 bv nIqv `vuDaggerZi MVb myrsaquo`i bv nIqv
gvwoi wewfbœ mgmumlv `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPy-bxPz nIqv|
daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv daggerivMxDagger`i wPwKrmv weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmKDagger`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutev Qvov mcurrencente
bq| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Orthodontist Gi f~wgKv iumlisbquo nq ev‛Pvi RDaggerbyeni ci ciB| daggerhDaggernZz daggerVvuU I
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv nq daggermRbuml wkiumli RDaggerbyeni ci ciB
gyDaggerLi wfZi covi Rbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b daggerhb wkiumli daggerLDaggerZ
daggerKvb mgmumlv bv nq|
kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wkiumli 3-6 gvm eqDaggerm daggerVvuU I 1-2 eQi eqDaggerm Zvjy wVK KiDaggerZ
nDaggere GKRb AwfAacute kjuml wPwKrmK Oslashviv| kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg daggerVvuU I Zvjy wVK Kivi ci
wkiumli DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj hvDaggerZ msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GK aiDaggerYi
Appliance ev hšiquest bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b|
wkiumli Mixed dentition stage (6-12 eQi eqm) -G gyDaggerL daggerKvb AwZwisup3 `vuZ
_vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GQvov mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Cross bite _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuZ
AvuKv evKv _vKDaggerj ev Molar ev daggerclY `vDaggerZi Relation wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere Removable ev Fixed appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo
KiDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
me macrrsquovqx `vuZ PDaggerj Avmvi ci macrrsquovqxfvDaggere daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Kvgo (Occlusion
improve) wVK Kivi Rbuml Fixed ev Removable appliance w`Daggerq Orthodontist
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb Ges daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggereb|
GB mgDaggerq gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyDaggerK wVK Kivi Rbuml cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj Bony Graft Kiv daggerhDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| Gi dDaggerj Orthodontic treatment Gi daggerh djvdj ZvI Aparazbœ _vKDaggere|
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daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLvi ci Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere daggerivMxDaggerK
Permanent Retainer bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv daggerivMxDaggerK me mgq cDaggero _vKDaggerZ nDaggere|
Amacrlsaquovi weRqx DaggerRvqvDaggerKb wdwbmiddot RDaggerbyeni mgq daggerVvuU KvuUv wQj
daggerVvuU KuvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv daggerKvb Awfkvc bq| mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg
GDaggerK mvwiDaggerq daggerZvjv mcurrencente| `iKvi iumlay mevi mDaggerPZbZv Avi mwVK mgDaggerq weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri daggerm Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY Kiv|
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ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerKvb eqDaggerm iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ Zv AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKiB ARvbv|
ADaggerbK AwffveKB eySDaggerZ cvDaggerib bv wkiumli ADagger_copyvWbwUK mgmumlvi Rbuml daggerKvb eqDaggerm
Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| AAacutevbZvi Rbuml ev Abuml daggerKvb wOslashav-OslashDaggerrsaquo`i
KviDaggerY Zviv ADaggerbK mgqB ADaggerbK dagger`ix KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb wPwKrmvi
Rbuml| dDaggerj wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc wPwKrmvi eumlvwszligKvj daggereDaggero hvq| wKQyDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK
chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc
wPwKrmvi djvdj Avkvbyiƒc nq bv| KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv KZUv
Risbquoix| GLb Avwg ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi eqm mxgv wbDaggerq AvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri AvcbvDagger`i
wKQyUv nDaggerjI aviYv dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev Kie|
AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerk ADaggerbK wkiumlB daggerVvuU ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| Kzmsmacrlsaquoviv‛Qbœ
gvbyliv GDaggerK Awfkvc ev fvDaggerMumli wjLb gDaggerb KDaggeri nvZ cv cedilwUDaggerq eDaggerm _vDaggerK daggerKvb wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri bv| wKšlsquo gDaggerb ivLDaggereb daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumli
AwffveKDagger`i DwPZ RDaggerbyeni ci ciB GKRb AwfAacute Orhodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY Kiv|
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KviY G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i RDaggerbyeni ciB cOumlavb I cOuml_g daggerh mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q Zv nDaggerjv Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mgmumlv| Orthodontist Gmgq GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv wkiumlDaggerK Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml LyeB parawZKi GKwU Afumlvm|
mvaviYZ `yB dagger_DaggerK wZb eQi eqDaggermi gDaggerauml Avcbv Avcwb wkiuml G AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KDaggeri daggerdDaggerj|
wKšlsquo ZviciI hw` wkiuml AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere AwffveKDagger`i Gi parawZKi w`KwU
mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere Ges microgvMZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv PjDaggerZ _vKDaggerj wkiumlDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj G AfumlvmwU
`~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance) bullZwi KDaggeri w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib
hvDaggerZ KDaggeri fwelumlDaggerZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi KviDaggerY wkiumli `vuDaggerZi webumlvm AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv hvq|
mvaviYZ 5-6 eQi eqm dagger_DaggerK wkiumlDagger`i `ya `vuZ coDaggerZ iumlisbquo KDaggeri| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK mgq
dagger`Lv hvq AvNvZ RwbZ paraq RwbZ ev Abuml daggerKvb daggerivDaggerMi KviDaggerY wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya
`vuZ cDaggero hvq ev daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| `vuZ covi ci daggerh dvuKv RvqMvwU _vDaggerK daggerm RvqMvwU ZLb
`yB cvDaggerki `vuZ w`Daggerq eUuml nDaggerq hvq| dDaggerj rsquovqx `vuZ DVvi Rbuml chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv daggercDaggerq
Amacr^vfvweK daggerKvb RvqMvq `vuZ DDaggerV Ges `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi mcurrencentvebv daggereDaggero hvq| GB dvuKv
macrrsquovbwU hvDaggerZ cvDaggerki `vuZ Oslashviv eUuml bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl hšiquest bullZwi
KDaggeri w`Daggereb hvDaggerK Space maintainer eDaggerj| KvDaggerRB daggerKvb `ya`vuZ hw` Zvi wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi
AvDaggerM cDaggero hvq ZDaggere dagger`ix bv KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi mvDagger_ dagger`Lv Kisbquob|
ADaggerbK ev‛PvDagger`i dagger`Lv hvq DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj daggerewk evoDaggerQ ev hZUzKz evovi K_v
ZZUzKz evoDaggerQ bv| Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc evošmdash eqDaggerm (6-12) Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cOumlDaggerqvRb AbymvDaggeri Face
mask ev Chin cap eumlenvi KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb hv ev‛Pvi DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimesDaggerK
mwVK AmacrrsquovDaggerb wbDaggerZ mnvqZv KiDaggere|
DaggerVuvU I ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i daggerVvuU I Zvjy kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wVK
Kivi ci mwVK mgq Orthodontist Gmiddotcvbmb macrŒz (Expansion screw) ZvjyDaggerZ jvwMDaggerq
dagger`b hvDaggerZ DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq| G wkiumlDagger`i 8-10 eQi eqDaggerm bone
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grafting Kivi Rbuml kjuml wPwKrmKDaggerK cOumlDaggerqvRbxq civgkcopy I mnvqZv w`Daggerq _vDaggerKb
Orthodontist|
6-12 eQi eqDaggerm hLb wkiumli gyDaggerL `ya I macrrsquovqx Dfq cOumlKvi `vuZ we`umlgvb ZLb hw`
`vuDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo (Cross bite) daggerewk Kvgo (Deep bite) dagger`Lv hvq ZDaggere
Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRbxq eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggereb hvDaggerZ fwelumlDaggerZ KvgocedilDaggerjv AvDaggeriv Lvivc -Gi w`DaggerK
bv hvq|
`ya `vuZ me cDaggero hvevi ci I macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVvi ci AvuKv evuKv DuPz -bxPz `vuZ wVK
Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS Removable Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ
ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere) ev Fixed Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere bv) w`Daggerq
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb|
ADaggerbDaggerKiB gDaggerbB cOumlkœ _vDaggerK daggerh daggerewk eqDaggerm Orthodontic wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere wKbv|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuZ nvo I GDagger`i mvDagger_ mcurrenuacuteKcopyhysup3 structure cedilDaggerjv fvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZDaggere daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv Kiv mcurrencente|
cOumlvszlig eqDaggerm hw` DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj hw` Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes daggercDaggerq _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv
wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj kjuml wPwKrmvi Oslashvimacrrsquo nDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi mdjZv wbfcopyi KDaggeri wPwKrmDaggerKi AwfAacuteZv daggerivMx I Zvi
AwffveDaggerKi mnDaggerhvwMZv I mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi Dci|
gDaggerb ivLDaggereb mgDaggerqi GK daggerdvuo AmgDaggerqi `k daggerdvuo| mwVK mgDaggerq mwVK KvRwU KiDaggerj
Avcwb daggerh djvdj cvDaggereb dagger`ix KDaggeri KvRwU KiDaggerj daggermB djvdj Avcwb bvI daggercDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
Avcbvi daggerKvb wbKURDaggerbi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj mwVK mgDaggerq Orthodontist
Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggerZ fyjDaggereb bv daggerhb|
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Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Dci Bracket
ev Brace covDaggerbv _vDaggerK| Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq
Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv wbDagger`kcopyvejx wVKgZ daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj wPwKrmv cieZcopyx RwUjZv dagger`Lv
dagger`evi mcurrencentvebv LyeB Kg|
Fixed Orthodontic treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq gyL I `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZ weDaggerkl hZœ wbDaggerZ
nDaggere| daggerhme welDaggerqi Dci daggerewk daggerewk bRi ivLDaggerZ nDaggere Zv bxDaggerP dagger`qv nDaggerjvt
1 daggerhw`b daggerivMxi gyDaggerL Bracket emvDaggerbv nDaggere Zvici dagger_DaggerK 24 NrsaquoUv chcopyšmdash ksup3 Lvevi
LvIqv DwPZ bq| GDaggerZ Bracket LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| H 24 NrsaquoUv Lye daggerRvDaggeri daggerRvDaggeri `vuZ
eordfvk Kiv I DwPZ bq| daggerivMx Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv civgkcopy Abyhvqx `vuZ eordfvk
KiDaggere I macr^vfvweK Lvevi LvDaggere|
2 Bracket covDaggerbvi 2-3 w`b chcopyšmdash daggerivMxi GKUz Amacr^wmacrmdash nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GDaggerZ fDaggerqi wKQy
daggerbB| gyDaggerL bZzb wKQy wRwbm emvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2-3 w`b ci Zv AfumlvDaggerm cwiYZ nDaggerq
hvDaggere|
3 cOumlwZevi Lvevi LvIqvi ci AekumlB `vuZ fvDaggerjvfvDaggere eordfvk KiDaggerZ nDaggere| mKvDaggerj I ivDaggerZ
daggerdnotvivBW hysup3 Uz_Daggercdivide w`Daggerq `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggere| Abumlvbuml mgq Uz_ daggercoacute Qvov eordfvk KiDaggerjI
PjDaggere|
4 cOumlwZ wZb (3) gvm ci ci Uz_eordfvk e`j KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Uz_eordfvDaggerki weordfmampjcedilDaggerjv daggerhb big
(Medium soft) nq Zv daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
5 Bracket ev appliance -Gi Dci bxDaggerP 45 daggerKvDaggerY eordfvk aDaggeri `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
6 Lye daggerRvDaggeri Pvc w`Daggerq eordfvk Kiv hvDaggere bv| GDaggerZ KDaggeri Appliance LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
7 `vuDaggerZi daggerh cvDaggerk Appliance AvDaggerQ daggermB cvDaggerk Appliance -Gi Dci AvjDaggerZvfvDaggere
NywiDaggerq NywiDaggerq eordfvk KDaggeri `vuZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| `vuDaggerZi Abumlvbuml cvkcedilDaggerjvI daggerhb
fvDaggerjvfvDaggere cwireglsaquovi Kiv nq daggermw`DaggerK daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
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8 cOumlwZevi Lvevi Gi ci eordfvk Kiv mcurrencente bv nDaggerj LyefvDaggerjv KDaggeri KzjKzwP KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
9 `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerSi gqjv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Dental Floss eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
DaggerKvb KvwV ev myuB w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerLvPvDaggerbv hvDaggere bv|
10 wRnŸv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Tongue Cleanser eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
11 cOumlDaggerqvRDaggerb fvDaggerjv Mouth Wash eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere ZDaggerewPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy
Abyhvqx|
12 `vuDaggerZi gvwo Avfrac12yj w`Daggerq Massage Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
13 daggerKvb appliance daggerfDaggerfrac12 daggerMDaggerj ev LyDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ev Appliance Gi KviDaggerY gyDaggerL daggerKvb
mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj dagger`ix bv KDaggeri mDaggerfrac12 mDaggerfrac12 Orthondontist-Gi civgkcopy wbDaggerZ nDaggere|
14 wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq ksup3 Lvevi (nvo AvL) LvIqv cwinvi KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
15 AvVvDaggerjv RvZxq Lvevi (PzBs Mvg) LvIqv ev` w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
16 daggercqviv AvDaggercj ev daggerh daggerKvb ksup3 Lvevi Kvgo w`Daggerq bv daggerLDaggerq daggerQvU daggerQvU UzKiv KDaggeri
daggerLDaggerZ nDaggere|
17 Orthodontist DaggerhfvDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK AvmDaggerZ ejDaggereb (1gvm ci ci) AekumlB Zv cvjb
KiDaggerZ nDaggere| bv nDaggerj daggerivMxi wPwKrmv daggerkl nDaggerZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi daggerewk jvMDaggere|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbPz `vuZ wVK Kivi Rbuml daggerhgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Oslashviv mwVK wPwKrmv daggerZgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerivMx Ges daggerivMxi AwffveDaggerKi
mnDaggerhvwMZv Ges Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy Abyhvqx Pjv| ZDaggereB DaggerivMx wPwKrmv DaggerkDaggerl cvDaggere
KvwldquoparaZ myrsaquo`i `vuZ|
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mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
50
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ dnotwms
51
daggerQvAElig GKwU evMvDaggerb hw` ADaggerbKcedilDaggerjv MvQ daggereDaggero DVDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZDaggere ADaggerbK MvDaggerQi macr^vfvweK ebdquowtimes
weboacute nq Ges evMvbwU wKQyw`b ci Nb Rfrac12Daggerj cwiYZ nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK| ZLb hw` daggermLvb
dagger_DaggerK wKQy MvQ daggerKDaggerU daggerdjv nq ZDaggere evMvbwUi evKxMvQcedilDaggerjv iparav daggercDaggerq macr^vfvweKfvDaggere daggereDaggero
DVDaggere|
daggerZgwb gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerh cwigvY RvqMv AvDaggerQ Zvi daggerPDaggerq hw` `vuDaggerZi msLumlv daggerewk wKsev
`vuZ Lye daggerekx AvuKv evKv DuPz `uvZ _vKDaggerj ZDaggere Zv wVK KDaggeri `vuZDaggerK mywebumlvmacrmdash myrsaquo`i KDaggeri
daggerZvjvi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgq daggerivMxi wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB daggerivMx ev
Zvi AwffveK `vuZ daggerZvjvi K_v iumlbDaggerj fq cvq| Zviv fvDaggere `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ ADaggerbK euml_v
jvMDaggere ev daggerPvDaggerLi daggereordfBDaggerbi hw` daggerKvb parawZ nq| Zviv Orthodontist daggerK `vuZ bv ZzDaggerj
wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml AbyDaggeriva KDaggeri _vDaggerK| wKšlsquo ZvDagger`i G mKj aviYv mcurrenuacute~Ycopy Ag~jK| `vuZ
ZzjDaggerj daggerPvDaggerLi ev daggereordfBDaggerbi daggerKvb parawZ nqbv| GKRb AwfAacute wPwKrmK ZvB KiDaggereb hv KiDaggerj
daggerivMxi wPwKrmv fvDaggerjvfvDaggere mcurrenuacutebœ nDaggere Ges daggerivMx I Zvi AwffveK mšlsquowoacute jvf KiDaggere| Avi
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM wbw copyoacute rsquovb fvDaggerjvfvDaggere Aek KDaggeri wbDaggerj Ges wPwKrmDaggerKi dagger`qv DcDagger`k `vuZ
daggerZvjvi w`b I cieZcopyx KDaggerqKw`b mwVKfvDaggere daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj `vuZ daggerZvjvi ci daggerivMxi daggerZgb daggerKvb
Amyweav nq bv ejDaggerjB PDaggerj|
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`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM
`vuZ daggerZvjvi cDaggeri
53
ADaggerbDaggerKB AvDaggerQb hviv ivDaggerZ NygvDaggerbvi AvDaggerM Ges mKvDaggerj bvmacrmdashv Lvevi ci `vuZ eordfvk
KDaggerib `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Kvj wejcurren^ bv KDaggeri `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggerib
`vuDaggerZi mymacrrsquoZvi Rbuml hv hv `iKvi Zviv Zv-B KDaggerib| GmeB nDaggerjv fvDaggerjv Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi
Rbuml LyeB DcKvix|
wKšlsquo Ggb wKQy Afumlvm AvDaggerQ hv gyL I `vuDaggerZi macr^vDaggermacrrsquoumli Rbuml LyeB parawZKi| Gme
e`AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi bvbv aiDaggerYi mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q| GB AfumlvmcedilDaggerjvi gDaggerauml Avfrac12yj
daggerPvlv wRnŸampv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv ev daggerVjv dagger`Iqv daggerKvb mgmumlv bv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI gyL w`Daggerq wbkbrvbarvm
daggerbqv daggerVvuU I bL KvgovDaggerbv AbumlZg|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK| evev gv hw` GUv daggerLqvj KDaggerib ZDaggere wkiumlDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere daggerh Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv Lvivc| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz nDaggerq hvq ADaggerbK mgq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bvI coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Open bite) bxDaggerPi
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daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZcedilDaggerjv msKzwPZ nDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK hZUzKz daggerXDaggerK ivLv
DwPZ Zv KDaggerg daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerbvi ci I hw` Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm bv KDaggerg ZDaggere wkiumli 2-3 eQi eqm
chcopyšmdash ADaggercparav KiDaggerZ nDaggere| ADaggerbK mgq 3 eQi eqDaggermi ci wkiumli GB Afumlvm PDaggerj hvq|
ZviciI hw` wkiuml G Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere GKRb AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12
civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| wPwKrmK `iKvi gDaggerb nDaggerj daggerKvb Appliance ev hšiquest w`Daggereb hv
wkiumlDaggerK GB Afumlvm `~i KiDaggerZ mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wkiumli hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK ZDaggere DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DPuy nDaggerq hvq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bv coDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerivMx gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri
wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq Avcbvi daggermvbvgwbi hw` Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml
parawZKi ZDaggere cOuml_DaggergB ZvDaggerK eySvb| ZvDaggerZ KvR bv nDaggerj Aemacrrsquov hvDaggerZ AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv
hvq daggermRbuml AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy Kisbquob|
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OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
56
CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
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KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
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GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
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ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
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daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
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nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DaggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuZ DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere| AbumlwU nDaggerjv nvDaggeroi
MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY| G daggerparaDaggerIcirc bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji daggerPDaggerq mvgDaggerb _vKDaggere|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion `yB iKDaggergi nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
nvDaggeroi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion ZLbB nq hLb DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb Kg
nq ev wcQDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb daggerewk nq ev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK nq ev Dfq
KviDaggerYB| eskMZ KviDaggerYI Class III malocclusion nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK|
Class III malocclusion Daggerhme daggerivMxi AvDaggerQ ZvDagger`i DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU Ges
msKzwPZ _vDaggerK Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj eo _vDaggerK| GDagger`i wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj daggerQvU _vKvi KviDaggerY DcDaggerii cvwUi `vuZ AvuKv-evKv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Ges bxDaggerPi
`vuDaggerZi gvDaggerS dvuKv _vKDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
daggerKvb daggerivMx hw` Gme mgmumlv wbDaggerq Orthodontist -Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb ZDaggere
Orthodontist ZvDaggerK cixparav KiDaggereb Ges wKQy cOumlDaggerqvRbxq GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb| cDaggeri daggerivMxi
`vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquovb dagger`DaggerL GmiddotDaggeri dagger`DaggerL Orthodontist wmtimesvšmdash wbDaggereb wKfvDaggere wPwKrmv KiDaggerj
daggerivMx mDaggerecopyvEumlg djvdj cvq|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion nq ZDaggere Orthodontic
Treatment A_copyvr iumlaygvIcirc Brace cwoDaggerqB wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere evošmdash ev cwiYZ daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB| ZDaggere Lye daggerewk eqDaggerm wPwKrmv KivDaggerj wPwKrmvi mgq daggereDaggero hvDaggere|
hw` evošmdash eqDaggerm nvDaggeroi MVDaggerbi KviDaggerY Class III malocclusion dagger`Lv dagger`q ZDaggere
DcDaggerii daggerPvqvjDaggerK mvgDaggerb Avbvi Rbuml ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvjDaggerK wcQDaggerb daggerbqvi Rbuml daggerivMxDaggerK wewfbœ
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aiDaggerYi hšiquest dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri eumlenvDaggerii Rbuml| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Face Mask Chin Cap DDaggerjshyL
daggerhvMuml|
hw` cwiYZ eqDaggerm gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerqi Class III malocclusion hv nvDaggerii MVDaggerbi
KviDaggerY nDaggerqDaggerQ Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ ZDaggere kjuml wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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evBgumlvmiddot
evBgvmiddot `y aiDaggerbi nq| evBgumlvwmiddotjvix cOumlUzordfmb Ges evBgumlvwmiddot jvix cOumlwKnotDaggerbmb| wK KwVb
katilde| Avmyb Lye mnDaggerR daggerRDaggerb daggerbB `uvZ I gvwoi Avi GK mgmumlv hvi bvg evBgvmiddot|
evBgumlvmiddot mgmumlvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj wKsev `uvZ wKsev DfqB mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK DPzu _vDaggerK| dDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv daggerVvU DPzu nDaggerq _vKv GgbwK gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ
cviv mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
mvavibZ `uvZ hw` Zzjbvg~jK fvDaggere eo GgbwK daggerPvqvj jcurren^v wKsev daggerXvK wMjvi mgq
wRnev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK Amacr^vfvweK fvDaggere `uvZDaggerK mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK daggerVjv w`Daggerj GB aiDaggerbi mgmumlv nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| NveovDaggerbvi wKQzB daggerbB GB mgmumlvi mgvavb Lye myrsaquo`i KDaggeri GK AwfAacute ADagger_copyDaggerWbwUdivide
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib| gDaggerb ivLDaggerZ nDaggere cOumlv_wgK Aemacrrsquovq GB mgmumlvi mgvavb KiDaggerj ZZUv RwUjZv nq
bv| eDaggerqvmwUuml KvDaggerji c~Daggere eDaggerqvmmwUuml KvDaggerji mgq Ges cDaggeri wPwKrmv eumlemacrrsquov cbdquo_K cbdquo_K nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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myrsaquo`Daggerii c~Rvix mKDaggerjB ZvB GB mgmumlv mgvavb KDaggeri
Avcwb nDaggerq DVyb myrsaquo`i `uvZ I nvwmi AwaKvix
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daggerMR `vuZ(High Canine) DPz KZcopyb `vuZ t
AvgvDagger`i gyDaggerL eqm 5 eQi chcopyšmdash daggerh 20 wU `vuZ _vDaggerK Zvi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ
_vDaggerK| eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ 20wU `ya `vuZ hLb cDaggero wMDaggerq macrrsquovqx `vuZ DDaggerV ZLbI daggergvU
32wU `vuDaggerZi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ _vDaggerK| G KZcopyb `uvZcedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi 4wU daggerKvbvq AewmacrrsquoZ| ZvB
GDagger`iDaggerK Corner Stone of mouth eDaggerj| bvg iumlbDaggerjB daggerevSv hvq G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Lv`uml`ordfeumlDaggerK
KZcopyb KiDaggerZ Ges wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri| G `vuZ cedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK kwsup3kvjx| KviY G `vuDaggerZi
GbvDaggergDaggerji cyisbquoZiexcl Daggerewk Ges mvgDaggerbi 4wU `vuDaggerZi (Pecopyb `vuZ-Incisor tooth) ciciB
AewmacrrsquoZ| daggerKvb daggerKvb mgq wewfbœ KviY ekZt G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Zvi wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK wfbœ
AemacrrsquovDaggerb dagger`Lv hvq| hw` G `vuZcedilDaggerjv gvwoi gDaggerauml ev DcDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri ZLb ZvDaggerK
High Canine ev daggerMR `vuZ ejv nq| Avevi KLDaggerbv GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv Zvjyi w`K w`Daggerq DDaggerV|
ZLb GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK Palataly placed canine eDaggerj| Avevi KLDaggerbv I gvwo ev Zvjyi wfZDaggeri
G `vuZ Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| ZLb ZvDaggerK Impacted Canine ejv nq| GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi gDaggerauml
AZxe Risbquoix PviwU `vuZ| GB `vuZ daggerhgb Lv`uml`ordfeuml KZcopyb I wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri cvkvcvwk
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daggerPvqvDaggerji bovPovDaggerK wbqšiquestY KDaggeri| GB `vuZDaggerK Beauty tooth I ejv nq| ZvB G `vuDaggerZi
mvwietimesfvDaggere webumlvm LyeB Risbquoix|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ daggerh KDaggerqKwU mgmumlv ZzDaggerj aiv nDaggerjv G mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi mgvavb LyeB Risbquoix|
hw` daggerKD GiKg daggerKvb mgmumlvq fyDaggerM _vDaggerKb ZDaggere AwfAacute Orthodontist -B nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
Avcbvi myrsaquo`i nvwm wdwiDaggerq dagger`qvi cig eUumlz|
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daggerVvuU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerki wkiumlDagger`i GKwU AbumlZg
mgmumlv| wewfbœ MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv wMDaggerqDaggerQ cOumlwZ 700 RDaggerb 1 Rb daggerVvuU KvUv Ges cOumlwZ 1000 RDaggerb
1 Rb wkiuml Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| daggerVvuU KvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggerQDaggerj wkiumlDagger`i Ges
ZvjyKvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggergDaggerq-wkiumlDagger`i gvDaggerS|
wewfbœ KviDaggerY wkiuml daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri _vDaggerK| kZKiv 25 fvM daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GUv eskMZ KviDaggerY nDaggerq _vDaggerK| hw` 1 Rb ZvjyKvUv daggerivMx 1 Rb mymacrrsquo gvbylDaggerK weDaggerq KDaggeri ZDaggere
ZvDagger`i ev‛Pvi ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kivi mcurrencentvebv kZKiv 2 fvM|
Mfcopyvemacrrsquovi cOuml_g fvDaggerM gv hw` daggerKvb fvBivj BbDaggerdKkDaggerb Avmicrovšmdash nq ev kvixwiKfvDaggere
AvNvZcOumlvszlig nq ev niDaggergvDaggerbi fvimvgumlnxbZvq fyDaggerM ev wfUvwgDaggerbi AfvDaggere fyDaggerM _vDaggerK ev
daggeriwWDaggerqkDaggerb GmiddotDaggercvR nq ev _umlvwjDaggerWvgvBW RvZxq Ilya MOumlnY KDaggeri ZDaggere wkiumli daggerVvuU ev
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| KvDaggerQi AvZyenxq macr^RDaggerbi gvDaggerS weDaggerq nDaggerjI wkiuml G mgmumlv
wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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DaggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq wkiuml RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerj cwieviDaggerK bvbv aiDaggerYi mvgvwRK I gvbwmK
mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ nq| wkiuml hLb GB mgmumlv wbDaggerq eo nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZLb daggermI gvbwmKfvDaggere
nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ _vDaggerK| G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ K_v
ejDaggerZ I iumlbDaggerZ mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| `vuDaggerZi mgmumlvi gDaggerauml hv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Zvi gDaggerauml AbumlZg
nDagger‛Q-wewfbœ `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKv `vuZ wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV gyDaggerLi Abuml daggerKvb RvqMvq
DVv evowZ wKQy `vuZ _vKv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb ksup3 bv nIqv `vuDaggerZi MVb myrsaquo`i bv nIqv
gvwoi wewfbœ mgmumlv `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPy-bxPz nIqv|
daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv daggerivMxDagger`i wPwKrmv weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmKDagger`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutev Qvov mcurrencente
bq| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Orthodontist Gi f~wgKv iumlisbquo nq ev‛Pvi RDaggerbyeni ci ciB| daggerhDaggernZz daggerVvuU I
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv nq daggermRbuml wkiumli RDaggerbyeni ci ciB
gyDaggerLi wfZi covi Rbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b daggerhb wkiumli daggerLDaggerZ
daggerKvb mgmumlv bv nq|
kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wkiumli 3-6 gvm eqDaggerm daggerVvuU I 1-2 eQi eqDaggerm Zvjy wVK KiDaggerZ
nDaggere GKRb AwfAacute kjuml wPwKrmK Oslashviv| kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg daggerVvuU I Zvjy wVK Kivi ci
wkiumli DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj hvDaggerZ msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GK aiDaggerYi
Appliance ev hšiquest bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b|
wkiumli Mixed dentition stage (6-12 eQi eqm) -G gyDaggerL daggerKvb AwZwisup3 `vuZ
_vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GQvov mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Cross bite _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuZ
AvuKv evKv _vKDaggerj ev Molar ev daggerclY `vDaggerZi Relation wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere Removable ev Fixed appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo
KiDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
me macrrsquovqx `vuZ PDaggerj Avmvi ci macrrsquovqxfvDaggere daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Kvgo (Occlusion
improve) wVK Kivi Rbuml Fixed ev Removable appliance w`Daggerq Orthodontist
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb Ges daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggereb|
GB mgDaggerq gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyDaggerK wVK Kivi Rbuml cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj Bony Graft Kiv daggerhDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| Gi dDaggerj Orthodontic treatment Gi daggerh djvdj ZvI Aparazbœ _vKDaggere|
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daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLvi ci Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere daggerivMxDaggerK
Permanent Retainer bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv daggerivMxDaggerK me mgq cDaggero _vKDaggerZ nDaggere|
Amacrlsaquovi weRqx DaggerRvqvDaggerKb wdwbmiddot RDaggerbyeni mgq daggerVvuU KvuUv wQj
daggerVvuU KuvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv daggerKvb Awfkvc bq| mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg
GDaggerK mvwiDaggerq daggerZvjv mcurrencente| `iKvi iumlay mevi mDaggerPZbZv Avi mwVK mgDaggerq weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri daggerm Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY Kiv|
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ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerKvb eqDaggerm iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ Zv AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKiB ARvbv|
ADaggerbK AwffveKB eySDaggerZ cvDaggerib bv wkiumli ADagger_copyvWbwUK mgmumlvi Rbuml daggerKvb eqDaggerm
Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| AAacutevbZvi Rbuml ev Abuml daggerKvb wOslashav-OslashDaggerrsaquo`i
KviDaggerY Zviv ADaggerbK mgqB ADaggerbK dagger`ix KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb wPwKrmvi
Rbuml| dDaggerj wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc wPwKrmvi eumlvwszligKvj daggereDaggero hvq| wKQyDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK
chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc
wPwKrmvi djvdj Avkvbyiƒc nq bv| KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv KZUv
Risbquoix| GLb Avwg ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi eqm mxgv wbDaggerq AvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri AvcbvDagger`i
wKQyUv nDaggerjI aviYv dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev Kie|
AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerk ADaggerbK wkiumlB daggerVvuU ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| Kzmsmacrlsaquoviv‛Qbœ
gvbyliv GDaggerK Awfkvc ev fvDaggerMumli wjLb gDaggerb KDaggeri nvZ cv cedilwUDaggerq eDaggerm _vDaggerK daggerKvb wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri bv| wKšlsquo gDaggerb ivLDaggereb daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumli
AwffveKDagger`i DwPZ RDaggerbyeni ci ciB GKRb AwfAacute Orhodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY Kiv|
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KviY G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i RDaggerbyeni ciB cOumlavb I cOuml_g daggerh mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q Zv nDaggerjv Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mgmumlv| Orthodontist Gmgq GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv wkiumlDaggerK Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml LyeB parawZKi GKwU Afumlvm|
mvaviYZ `yB dagger_DaggerK wZb eQi eqDaggermi gDaggerauml Avcbv Avcwb wkiuml G AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KDaggeri daggerdDaggerj|
wKšlsquo ZviciI hw` wkiuml AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere AwffveKDagger`i Gi parawZKi w`KwU
mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere Ges microgvMZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv PjDaggerZ _vKDaggerj wkiumlDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj G AfumlvmwU
`~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance) bullZwi KDaggeri w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib
hvDaggerZ KDaggeri fwelumlDaggerZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi KviDaggerY wkiumli `vuDaggerZi webumlvm AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv hvq|
mvaviYZ 5-6 eQi eqm dagger_DaggerK wkiumlDagger`i `ya `vuZ coDaggerZ iumlisbquo KDaggeri| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK mgq
dagger`Lv hvq AvNvZ RwbZ paraq RwbZ ev Abuml daggerKvb daggerivDaggerMi KviDaggerY wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya
`vuZ cDaggero hvq ev daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| `vuZ covi ci daggerh dvuKv RvqMvwU _vDaggerK daggerm RvqMvwU ZLb
`yB cvDaggerki `vuZ w`Daggerq eUuml nDaggerq hvq| dDaggerj rsquovqx `vuZ DVvi Rbuml chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv daggercDaggerq
Amacr^vfvweK daggerKvb RvqMvq `vuZ DDaggerV Ges `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi mcurrencentvebv daggereDaggero hvq| GB dvuKv
macrrsquovbwU hvDaggerZ cvDaggerki `vuZ Oslashviv eUuml bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl hšiquest bullZwi
KDaggeri w`Daggereb hvDaggerK Space maintainer eDaggerj| KvDaggerRB daggerKvb `ya`vuZ hw` Zvi wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi
AvDaggerM cDaggero hvq ZDaggere dagger`ix bv KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi mvDagger_ dagger`Lv Kisbquob|
ADaggerbK ev‛PvDagger`i dagger`Lv hvq DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj daggerewk evoDaggerQ ev hZUzKz evovi K_v
ZZUzKz evoDaggerQ bv| Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc evošmdash eqDaggerm (6-12) Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cOumlDaggerqvRb AbymvDaggeri Face
mask ev Chin cap eumlenvi KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb hv ev‛Pvi DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimesDaggerK
mwVK AmacrrsquovDaggerb wbDaggerZ mnvqZv KiDaggere|
DaggerVuvU I ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i daggerVvuU I Zvjy kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wVK
Kivi ci mwVK mgq Orthodontist Gmiddotcvbmb macrŒz (Expansion screw) ZvjyDaggerZ jvwMDaggerq
dagger`b hvDaggerZ DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq| G wkiumlDagger`i 8-10 eQi eqDaggerm bone
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grafting Kivi Rbuml kjuml wPwKrmKDaggerK cOumlDaggerqvRbxq civgkcopy I mnvqZv w`Daggerq _vDaggerKb
Orthodontist|
6-12 eQi eqDaggerm hLb wkiumli gyDaggerL `ya I macrrsquovqx Dfq cOumlKvi `vuZ we`umlgvb ZLb hw`
`vuDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo (Cross bite) daggerewk Kvgo (Deep bite) dagger`Lv hvq ZDaggere
Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRbxq eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggereb hvDaggerZ fwelumlDaggerZ KvgocedilDaggerjv AvDaggeriv Lvivc -Gi w`DaggerK
bv hvq|
`ya `vuZ me cDaggero hvevi ci I macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVvi ci AvuKv evuKv DuPz -bxPz `vuZ wVK
Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS Removable Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ
ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere) ev Fixed Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere bv) w`Daggerq
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb|
ADaggerbDaggerKiB gDaggerbB cOumlkœ _vDaggerK daggerh daggerewk eqDaggerm Orthodontic wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere wKbv|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuZ nvo I GDagger`i mvDagger_ mcurrenuacuteKcopyhysup3 structure cedilDaggerjv fvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZDaggere daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv Kiv mcurrencente|
cOumlvszlig eqDaggerm hw` DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj hw` Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes daggercDaggerq _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv
wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj kjuml wPwKrmvi Oslashvimacrrsquo nDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi mdjZv wbfcopyi KDaggeri wPwKrmDaggerKi AwfAacuteZv daggerivMx I Zvi
AwffveDaggerKi mnDaggerhvwMZv I mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi Dci|
gDaggerb ivLDaggereb mgDaggerqi GK daggerdvuo AmgDaggerqi `k daggerdvuo| mwVK mgDaggerq mwVK KvRwU KiDaggerj
Avcwb daggerh djvdj cvDaggereb dagger`ix KDaggeri KvRwU KiDaggerj daggermB djvdj Avcwb bvI daggercDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
Avcbvi daggerKvb wbKURDaggerbi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj mwVK mgDaggerq Orthodontist
Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggerZ fyjDaggereb bv daggerhb|
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Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Dci Bracket
ev Brace covDaggerbv _vDaggerK| Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq
Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv wbDagger`kcopyvejx wVKgZ daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj wPwKrmv cieZcopyx RwUjZv dagger`Lv
dagger`evi mcurrencentvebv LyeB Kg|
Fixed Orthodontic treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq gyL I `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZ weDaggerkl hZœ wbDaggerZ
nDaggere| daggerhme welDaggerqi Dci daggerewk daggerewk bRi ivLDaggerZ nDaggere Zv bxDaggerP dagger`qv nDaggerjvt
1 daggerhw`b daggerivMxi gyDaggerL Bracket emvDaggerbv nDaggere Zvici dagger_DaggerK 24 NrsaquoUv chcopyšmdash ksup3 Lvevi
LvIqv DwPZ bq| GDaggerZ Bracket LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| H 24 NrsaquoUv Lye daggerRvDaggeri daggerRvDaggeri `vuZ
eordfvk Kiv I DwPZ bq| daggerivMx Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv civgkcopy Abyhvqx `vuZ eordfvk
KiDaggere I macr^vfvweK Lvevi LvDaggere|
2 Bracket covDaggerbvi 2-3 w`b chcopyšmdash daggerivMxi GKUz Amacr^wmacrmdash nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GDaggerZ fDaggerqi wKQy
daggerbB| gyDaggerL bZzb wKQy wRwbm emvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2-3 w`b ci Zv AfumlvDaggerm cwiYZ nDaggerq
hvDaggere|
3 cOumlwZevi Lvevi LvIqvi ci AekumlB `vuZ fvDaggerjvfvDaggere eordfvk KiDaggerZ nDaggere| mKvDaggerj I ivDaggerZ
daggerdnotvivBW hysup3 Uz_Daggercdivide w`Daggerq `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggere| Abumlvbuml mgq Uz_ daggercoacute Qvov eordfvk KiDaggerjI
PjDaggere|
4 cOumlwZ wZb (3) gvm ci ci Uz_eordfvk e`j KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Uz_eordfvDaggerki weordfmampjcedilDaggerjv daggerhb big
(Medium soft) nq Zv daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
5 Bracket ev appliance -Gi Dci bxDaggerP 45 daggerKvDaggerY eordfvk aDaggeri `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
6 Lye daggerRvDaggeri Pvc w`Daggerq eordfvk Kiv hvDaggere bv| GDaggerZ KDaggeri Appliance LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
7 `vuDaggerZi daggerh cvDaggerk Appliance AvDaggerQ daggermB cvDaggerk Appliance -Gi Dci AvjDaggerZvfvDaggere
NywiDaggerq NywiDaggerq eordfvk KDaggeri `vuZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| `vuDaggerZi Abumlvbuml cvkcedilDaggerjvI daggerhb
fvDaggerjvfvDaggere cwireglsaquovi Kiv nq daggermw`DaggerK daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
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8 cOumlwZevi Lvevi Gi ci eordfvk Kiv mcurrencente bv nDaggerj LyefvDaggerjv KDaggeri KzjKzwP KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
9 `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerSi gqjv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Dental Floss eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
DaggerKvb KvwV ev myuB w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerLvPvDaggerbv hvDaggere bv|
10 wRnŸv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Tongue Cleanser eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
11 cOumlDaggerqvRDaggerb fvDaggerjv Mouth Wash eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere ZDaggerewPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy
Abyhvqx|
12 `vuDaggerZi gvwo Avfrac12yj w`Daggerq Massage Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
13 daggerKvb appliance daggerfDaggerfrac12 daggerMDaggerj ev LyDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ev Appliance Gi KviDaggerY gyDaggerL daggerKvb
mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj dagger`ix bv KDaggeri mDaggerfrac12 mDaggerfrac12 Orthondontist-Gi civgkcopy wbDaggerZ nDaggere|
14 wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq ksup3 Lvevi (nvo AvL) LvIqv cwinvi KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
15 AvVvDaggerjv RvZxq Lvevi (PzBs Mvg) LvIqv ev` w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
16 daggercqviv AvDaggercj ev daggerh daggerKvb ksup3 Lvevi Kvgo w`Daggerq bv daggerLDaggerq daggerQvU daggerQvU UzKiv KDaggeri
daggerLDaggerZ nDaggere|
17 Orthodontist DaggerhfvDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK AvmDaggerZ ejDaggereb (1gvm ci ci) AekumlB Zv cvjb
KiDaggerZ nDaggere| bv nDaggerj daggerivMxi wPwKrmv daggerkl nDaggerZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi daggerewk jvMDaggere|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbPz `vuZ wVK Kivi Rbuml daggerhgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Oslashviv mwVK wPwKrmv daggerZgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerivMx Ges daggerivMxi AwffveDaggerKi
mnDaggerhvwMZv Ges Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy Abyhvqx Pjv| ZDaggereB DaggerivMx wPwKrmv DaggerkDaggerl cvDaggere
KvwldquoparaZ myrsaquo`i `vuZ|
49
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
50
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ dnotwms
51
daggerQvAElig GKwU evMvDaggerb hw` ADaggerbKcedilDaggerjv MvQ daggereDaggero DVDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZDaggere ADaggerbK MvDaggerQi macr^vfvweK ebdquowtimes
weboacute nq Ges evMvbwU wKQyw`b ci Nb Rfrac12Daggerj cwiYZ nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK| ZLb hw` daggermLvb
dagger_DaggerK wKQy MvQ daggerKDaggerU daggerdjv nq ZDaggere evMvbwUi evKxMvQcedilDaggerjv iparav daggercDaggerq macr^vfvweKfvDaggere daggereDaggero
DVDaggere|
daggerZgwb gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerh cwigvY RvqMv AvDaggerQ Zvi daggerPDaggerq hw` `vuDaggerZi msLumlv daggerewk wKsev
`vuZ Lye daggerekx AvuKv evKv DuPz `uvZ _vKDaggerj ZDaggere Zv wVK KDaggeri `vuZDaggerK mywebumlvmacrmdash myrsaquo`i KDaggeri
daggerZvjvi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgq daggerivMxi wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB daggerivMx ev
Zvi AwffveK `vuZ daggerZvjvi K_v iumlbDaggerj fq cvq| Zviv fvDaggere `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ ADaggerbK euml_v
jvMDaggere ev daggerPvDaggerLi daggereordfBDaggerbi hw` daggerKvb parawZ nq| Zviv Orthodontist daggerK `vuZ bv ZzDaggerj
wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml AbyDaggeriva KDaggeri _vDaggerK| wKšlsquo ZvDagger`i G mKj aviYv mcurrenuacute~Ycopy Ag~jK| `vuZ
ZzjDaggerj daggerPvDaggerLi ev daggereordfBDaggerbi daggerKvb parawZ nqbv| GKRb AwfAacute wPwKrmK ZvB KiDaggereb hv KiDaggerj
daggerivMxi wPwKrmv fvDaggerjvfvDaggere mcurrenuacutebœ nDaggere Ges daggerivMx I Zvi AwffveK mšlsquowoacute jvf KiDaggere| Avi
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM wbw copyoacute rsquovb fvDaggerjvfvDaggere Aek KDaggeri wbDaggerj Ges wPwKrmDaggerKi dagger`qv DcDagger`k `vuZ
daggerZvjvi w`b I cieZcopyx KDaggerqKw`b mwVKfvDaggere daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj `vuZ daggerZvjvi ci daggerivMxi daggerZgb daggerKvb
Amyweav nq bv ejDaggerjB PDaggerj|
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`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM
`vuZ daggerZvjvi cDaggeri
53
ADaggerbDaggerKB AvDaggerQb hviv ivDaggerZ NygvDaggerbvi AvDaggerM Ges mKvDaggerj bvmacrmdashv Lvevi ci `vuZ eordfvk
KDaggerib `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Kvj wejcurren^ bv KDaggeri `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggerib
`vuDaggerZi mymacrrsquoZvi Rbuml hv hv `iKvi Zviv Zv-B KDaggerib| GmeB nDaggerjv fvDaggerjv Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi
Rbuml LyeB DcKvix|
wKšlsquo Ggb wKQy Afumlvm AvDaggerQ hv gyL I `vuDaggerZi macr^vDaggermacrrsquoumli Rbuml LyeB parawZKi| Gme
e`AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi bvbv aiDaggerYi mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q| GB AfumlvmcedilDaggerjvi gDaggerauml Avfrac12yj
daggerPvlv wRnŸampv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv ev daggerVjv dagger`Iqv daggerKvb mgmumlv bv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI gyL w`Daggerq wbkbrvbarvm
daggerbqv daggerVvuU I bL KvgovDaggerbv AbumlZg|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK| evev gv hw` GUv daggerLqvj KDaggerib ZDaggere wkiumlDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere daggerh Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv Lvivc| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz nDaggerq hvq ADaggerbK mgq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bvI coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Open bite) bxDaggerPi
54
daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZcedilDaggerjv msKzwPZ nDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK hZUzKz daggerXDaggerK ivLv
DwPZ Zv KDaggerg daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerbvi ci I hw` Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm bv KDaggerg ZDaggere wkiumli 2-3 eQi eqm
chcopyšmdash ADaggercparav KiDaggerZ nDaggere| ADaggerbK mgq 3 eQi eqDaggermi ci wkiumli GB Afumlvm PDaggerj hvq|
ZviciI hw` wkiuml G Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere GKRb AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12
civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| wPwKrmK `iKvi gDaggerb nDaggerj daggerKvb Appliance ev hšiquest w`Daggereb hv
wkiumlDaggerK GB Afumlvm `~i KiDaggerZ mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wkiumli hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK ZDaggere DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DPuy nDaggerq hvq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bv coDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerivMx gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri
wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq Avcbvi daggermvbvgwbi hw` Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml
parawZKi ZDaggere cOuml_DaggergB ZvDaggerK eySvb| ZvDaggerZ KvR bv nDaggerj Aemacrrsquov hvDaggerZ AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv
hvq daggermRbuml AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy Kisbquob|
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OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
56
CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
57
KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
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GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
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ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
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daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
36
aiDaggerYi hšiquest dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri eumlenvDaggerii Rbuml| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Face Mask Chin Cap DDaggerjshyL
daggerhvMuml|
hw` cwiYZ eqDaggerm gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerqi Class III malocclusion hv nvDaggerii MVDaggerbi
KviDaggerY nDaggerqDaggerQ Zvi wPwKrmv KiDaggerZ ZDaggere kjuml wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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evBgumlvmiddot
evBgvmiddot `y aiDaggerbi nq| evBgumlvwmiddotjvix cOumlUzordfmb Ges evBgumlvwmiddot jvix cOumlwKnotDaggerbmb| wK KwVb
katilde| Avmyb Lye mnDaggerR daggerRDaggerb daggerbB `uvZ I gvwoi Avi GK mgmumlv hvi bvg evBgvmiddot|
evBgumlvmiddot mgmumlvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj wKsev `uvZ wKsev DfqB mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK DPzu _vDaggerK| dDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv daggerVvU DPzu nDaggerq _vKv GgbwK gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ
cviv mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
mvavibZ `uvZ hw` Zzjbvg~jK fvDaggere eo GgbwK daggerPvqvj jcurren^v wKsev daggerXvK wMjvi mgq
wRnev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK Amacr^vfvweK fvDaggere `uvZDaggerK mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK daggerVjv w`Daggerj GB aiDaggerbi mgmumlv nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| NveovDaggerbvi wKQzB daggerbB GB mgmumlvi mgvavb Lye myrsaquo`i KDaggeri GK AwfAacute ADagger_copyDaggerWbwUdivide
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib| gDaggerb ivLDaggerZ nDaggere cOumlv_wgK Aemacrrsquovq GB mgmumlvi mgvavb KiDaggerj ZZUv RwUjZv nq
bv| eDaggerqvmwUuml KvDaggerji c~Daggere eDaggerqvmmwUuml KvDaggerji mgq Ges cDaggeri wPwKrmv eumlemacrrsquov cbdquo_K cbdquo_K nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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myrsaquo`Daggerii c~Rvix mKDaggerjB ZvB GB mgmumlv mgvavb KDaggeri
Avcwb nDaggerq DVyb myrsaquo`i `uvZ I nvwmi AwaKvix
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daggerMR `vuZ(High Canine) DPz KZcopyb `vuZ t
AvgvDagger`i gyDaggerL eqm 5 eQi chcopyšmdash daggerh 20 wU `vuZ _vDaggerK Zvi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ
_vDaggerK| eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ 20wU `ya `vuZ hLb cDaggero wMDaggerq macrrsquovqx `vuZ DDaggerV ZLbI daggergvU
32wU `vuDaggerZi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ _vDaggerK| G KZcopyb `uvZcedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi 4wU daggerKvbvq AewmacrrsquoZ| ZvB
GDagger`iDaggerK Corner Stone of mouth eDaggerj| bvg iumlbDaggerjB daggerevSv hvq G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Lv`uml`ordfeumlDaggerK
KZcopyb KiDaggerZ Ges wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri| G `vuZ cedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK kwsup3kvjx| KviY G `vuDaggerZi
GbvDaggergDaggerji cyisbquoZiexcl Daggerewk Ges mvgDaggerbi 4wU `vuDaggerZi (Pecopyb `vuZ-Incisor tooth) ciciB
AewmacrrsquoZ| daggerKvb daggerKvb mgq wewfbœ KviY ekZt G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Zvi wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK wfbœ
AemacrrsquovDaggerb dagger`Lv hvq| hw` G `vuZcedilDaggerjv gvwoi gDaggerauml ev DcDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri ZLb ZvDaggerK
High Canine ev daggerMR `vuZ ejv nq| Avevi KLDaggerbv GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv Zvjyi w`K w`Daggerq DDaggerV|
ZLb GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK Palataly placed canine eDaggerj| Avevi KLDaggerbv I gvwo ev Zvjyi wfZDaggeri
G `vuZ Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| ZLb ZvDaggerK Impacted Canine ejv nq| GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi gDaggerauml
AZxe Risbquoix PviwU `vuZ| GB `vuZ daggerhgb Lv`uml`ordfeuml KZcopyb I wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri cvkvcvwk
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daggerPvqvDaggerji bovPovDaggerK wbqšiquestY KDaggeri| GB `vuZDaggerK Beauty tooth I ejv nq| ZvB G `vuDaggerZi
mvwietimesfvDaggere webumlvm LyeB Risbquoix|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ daggerh KDaggerqKwU mgmumlv ZzDaggerj aiv nDaggerjv G mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi mgvavb LyeB Risbquoix|
hw` daggerKD GiKg daggerKvb mgmumlvq fyDaggerM _vDaggerKb ZDaggere AwfAacute Orthodontist -B nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
Avcbvi myrsaquo`i nvwm wdwiDaggerq dagger`qvi cig eUumlz|
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daggerVvuU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerki wkiumlDagger`i GKwU AbumlZg
mgmumlv| wewfbœ MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv wMDaggerqDaggerQ cOumlwZ 700 RDaggerb 1 Rb daggerVvuU KvUv Ges cOumlwZ 1000 RDaggerb
1 Rb wkiuml Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| daggerVvuU KvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggerQDaggerj wkiumlDagger`i Ges
ZvjyKvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggergDaggerq-wkiumlDagger`i gvDaggerS|
wewfbœ KviDaggerY wkiuml daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri _vDaggerK| kZKiv 25 fvM daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GUv eskMZ KviDaggerY nDaggerq _vDaggerK| hw` 1 Rb ZvjyKvUv daggerivMx 1 Rb mymacrrsquo gvbylDaggerK weDaggerq KDaggeri ZDaggere
ZvDagger`i ev‛Pvi ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kivi mcurrencentvebv kZKiv 2 fvM|
Mfcopyvemacrrsquovi cOuml_g fvDaggerM gv hw` daggerKvb fvBivj BbDaggerdKkDaggerb Avmicrovšmdash nq ev kvixwiKfvDaggere
AvNvZcOumlvszlig nq ev niDaggergvDaggerbi fvimvgumlnxbZvq fyDaggerM ev wfUvwgDaggerbi AfvDaggere fyDaggerM _vDaggerK ev
daggeriwWDaggerqkDaggerb GmiddotDaggercvR nq ev _umlvwjDaggerWvgvBW RvZxq Ilya MOumlnY KDaggeri ZDaggere wkiumli daggerVvuU ev
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| KvDaggerQi AvZyenxq macr^RDaggerbi gvDaggerS weDaggerq nDaggerjI wkiuml G mgmumlv
wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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DaggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq wkiuml RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerj cwieviDaggerK bvbv aiDaggerYi mvgvwRK I gvbwmK
mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ nq| wkiuml hLb GB mgmumlv wbDaggerq eo nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZLb daggermI gvbwmKfvDaggere
nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ _vDaggerK| G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ K_v
ejDaggerZ I iumlbDaggerZ mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| `vuDaggerZi mgmumlvi gDaggerauml hv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Zvi gDaggerauml AbumlZg
nDagger‛Q-wewfbœ `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKv `vuZ wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV gyDaggerLi Abuml daggerKvb RvqMvq
DVv evowZ wKQy `vuZ _vKv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb ksup3 bv nIqv `vuDaggerZi MVb myrsaquo`i bv nIqv
gvwoi wewfbœ mgmumlv `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPy-bxPz nIqv|
daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv daggerivMxDagger`i wPwKrmv weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmKDagger`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutev Qvov mcurrencente
bq| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Orthodontist Gi f~wgKv iumlisbquo nq ev‛Pvi RDaggerbyeni ci ciB| daggerhDaggernZz daggerVvuU I
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv nq daggermRbuml wkiumli RDaggerbyeni ci ciB
gyDaggerLi wfZi covi Rbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b daggerhb wkiumli daggerLDaggerZ
daggerKvb mgmumlv bv nq|
kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wkiumli 3-6 gvm eqDaggerm daggerVvuU I 1-2 eQi eqDaggerm Zvjy wVK KiDaggerZ
nDaggere GKRb AwfAacute kjuml wPwKrmK Oslashviv| kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg daggerVvuU I Zvjy wVK Kivi ci
wkiumli DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj hvDaggerZ msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GK aiDaggerYi
Appliance ev hšiquest bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b|
wkiumli Mixed dentition stage (6-12 eQi eqm) -G gyDaggerL daggerKvb AwZwisup3 `vuZ
_vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GQvov mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Cross bite _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuZ
AvuKv evKv _vKDaggerj ev Molar ev daggerclY `vDaggerZi Relation wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere Removable ev Fixed appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo
KiDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
me macrrsquovqx `vuZ PDaggerj Avmvi ci macrrsquovqxfvDaggere daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Kvgo (Occlusion
improve) wVK Kivi Rbuml Fixed ev Removable appliance w`Daggerq Orthodontist
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb Ges daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggereb|
GB mgDaggerq gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyDaggerK wVK Kivi Rbuml cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj Bony Graft Kiv daggerhDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| Gi dDaggerj Orthodontic treatment Gi daggerh djvdj ZvI Aparazbœ _vKDaggere|
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daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLvi ci Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere daggerivMxDaggerK
Permanent Retainer bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv daggerivMxDaggerK me mgq cDaggero _vKDaggerZ nDaggere|
Amacrlsaquovi weRqx DaggerRvqvDaggerKb wdwbmiddot RDaggerbyeni mgq daggerVvuU KvuUv wQj
daggerVvuU KuvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv daggerKvb Awfkvc bq| mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg
GDaggerK mvwiDaggerq daggerZvjv mcurrencente| `iKvi iumlay mevi mDaggerPZbZv Avi mwVK mgDaggerq weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri daggerm Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY Kiv|
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ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerKvb eqDaggerm iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ Zv AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKiB ARvbv|
ADaggerbK AwffveKB eySDaggerZ cvDaggerib bv wkiumli ADagger_copyvWbwUK mgmumlvi Rbuml daggerKvb eqDaggerm
Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| AAacutevbZvi Rbuml ev Abuml daggerKvb wOslashav-OslashDaggerrsaquo`i
KviDaggerY Zviv ADaggerbK mgqB ADaggerbK dagger`ix KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb wPwKrmvi
Rbuml| dDaggerj wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc wPwKrmvi eumlvwszligKvj daggereDaggero hvq| wKQyDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK
chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc
wPwKrmvi djvdj Avkvbyiƒc nq bv| KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv KZUv
Risbquoix| GLb Avwg ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi eqm mxgv wbDaggerq AvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri AvcbvDagger`i
wKQyUv nDaggerjI aviYv dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev Kie|
AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerk ADaggerbK wkiumlB daggerVvuU ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| Kzmsmacrlsaquoviv‛Qbœ
gvbyliv GDaggerK Awfkvc ev fvDaggerMumli wjLb gDaggerb KDaggeri nvZ cv cedilwUDaggerq eDaggerm _vDaggerK daggerKvb wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri bv| wKšlsquo gDaggerb ivLDaggereb daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumli
AwffveKDagger`i DwPZ RDaggerbyeni ci ciB GKRb AwfAacute Orhodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY Kiv|
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KviY G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i RDaggerbyeni ciB cOumlavb I cOuml_g daggerh mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q Zv nDaggerjv Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mgmumlv| Orthodontist Gmgq GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv wkiumlDaggerK Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml LyeB parawZKi GKwU Afumlvm|
mvaviYZ `yB dagger_DaggerK wZb eQi eqDaggermi gDaggerauml Avcbv Avcwb wkiuml G AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KDaggeri daggerdDaggerj|
wKšlsquo ZviciI hw` wkiuml AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere AwffveKDagger`i Gi parawZKi w`KwU
mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere Ges microgvMZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv PjDaggerZ _vKDaggerj wkiumlDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj G AfumlvmwU
`~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance) bullZwi KDaggeri w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib
hvDaggerZ KDaggeri fwelumlDaggerZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi KviDaggerY wkiumli `vuDaggerZi webumlvm AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv hvq|
mvaviYZ 5-6 eQi eqm dagger_DaggerK wkiumlDagger`i `ya `vuZ coDaggerZ iumlisbquo KDaggeri| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK mgq
dagger`Lv hvq AvNvZ RwbZ paraq RwbZ ev Abuml daggerKvb daggerivDaggerMi KviDaggerY wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya
`vuZ cDaggero hvq ev daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| `vuZ covi ci daggerh dvuKv RvqMvwU _vDaggerK daggerm RvqMvwU ZLb
`yB cvDaggerki `vuZ w`Daggerq eUuml nDaggerq hvq| dDaggerj rsquovqx `vuZ DVvi Rbuml chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv daggercDaggerq
Amacr^vfvweK daggerKvb RvqMvq `vuZ DDaggerV Ges `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi mcurrencentvebv daggereDaggero hvq| GB dvuKv
macrrsquovbwU hvDaggerZ cvDaggerki `vuZ Oslashviv eUuml bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl hšiquest bullZwi
KDaggeri w`Daggereb hvDaggerK Space maintainer eDaggerj| KvDaggerRB daggerKvb `ya`vuZ hw` Zvi wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi
AvDaggerM cDaggero hvq ZDaggere dagger`ix bv KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi mvDagger_ dagger`Lv Kisbquob|
ADaggerbK ev‛PvDagger`i dagger`Lv hvq DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj daggerewk evoDaggerQ ev hZUzKz evovi K_v
ZZUzKz evoDaggerQ bv| Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc evošmdash eqDaggerm (6-12) Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cOumlDaggerqvRb AbymvDaggeri Face
mask ev Chin cap eumlenvi KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb hv ev‛Pvi DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimesDaggerK
mwVK AmacrrsquovDaggerb wbDaggerZ mnvqZv KiDaggere|
DaggerVuvU I ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i daggerVvuU I Zvjy kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wVK
Kivi ci mwVK mgq Orthodontist Gmiddotcvbmb macrŒz (Expansion screw) ZvjyDaggerZ jvwMDaggerq
dagger`b hvDaggerZ DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq| G wkiumlDagger`i 8-10 eQi eqDaggerm bone
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grafting Kivi Rbuml kjuml wPwKrmKDaggerK cOumlDaggerqvRbxq civgkcopy I mnvqZv w`Daggerq _vDaggerKb
Orthodontist|
6-12 eQi eqDaggerm hLb wkiumli gyDaggerL `ya I macrrsquovqx Dfq cOumlKvi `vuZ we`umlgvb ZLb hw`
`vuDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo (Cross bite) daggerewk Kvgo (Deep bite) dagger`Lv hvq ZDaggere
Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRbxq eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggereb hvDaggerZ fwelumlDaggerZ KvgocedilDaggerjv AvDaggeriv Lvivc -Gi w`DaggerK
bv hvq|
`ya `vuZ me cDaggero hvevi ci I macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVvi ci AvuKv evuKv DuPz -bxPz `vuZ wVK
Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS Removable Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ
ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere) ev Fixed Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere bv) w`Daggerq
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb|
ADaggerbDaggerKiB gDaggerbB cOumlkœ _vDaggerK daggerh daggerewk eqDaggerm Orthodontic wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere wKbv|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuZ nvo I GDagger`i mvDagger_ mcurrenuacuteKcopyhysup3 structure cedilDaggerjv fvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZDaggere daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv Kiv mcurrencente|
cOumlvszlig eqDaggerm hw` DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj hw` Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes daggercDaggerq _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv
wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj kjuml wPwKrmvi Oslashvimacrrsquo nDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi mdjZv wbfcopyi KDaggeri wPwKrmDaggerKi AwfAacuteZv daggerivMx I Zvi
AwffveDaggerKi mnDaggerhvwMZv I mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi Dci|
gDaggerb ivLDaggereb mgDaggerqi GK daggerdvuo AmgDaggerqi `k daggerdvuo| mwVK mgDaggerq mwVK KvRwU KiDaggerj
Avcwb daggerh djvdj cvDaggereb dagger`ix KDaggeri KvRwU KiDaggerj daggermB djvdj Avcwb bvI daggercDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
Avcbvi daggerKvb wbKURDaggerbi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj mwVK mgDaggerq Orthodontist
Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggerZ fyjDaggereb bv daggerhb|
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Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Dci Bracket
ev Brace covDaggerbv _vDaggerK| Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq
Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv wbDagger`kcopyvejx wVKgZ daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj wPwKrmv cieZcopyx RwUjZv dagger`Lv
dagger`evi mcurrencentvebv LyeB Kg|
Fixed Orthodontic treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq gyL I `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZ weDaggerkl hZœ wbDaggerZ
nDaggere| daggerhme welDaggerqi Dci daggerewk daggerewk bRi ivLDaggerZ nDaggere Zv bxDaggerP dagger`qv nDaggerjvt
1 daggerhw`b daggerivMxi gyDaggerL Bracket emvDaggerbv nDaggere Zvici dagger_DaggerK 24 NrsaquoUv chcopyšmdash ksup3 Lvevi
LvIqv DwPZ bq| GDaggerZ Bracket LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| H 24 NrsaquoUv Lye daggerRvDaggeri daggerRvDaggeri `vuZ
eordfvk Kiv I DwPZ bq| daggerivMx Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv civgkcopy Abyhvqx `vuZ eordfvk
KiDaggere I macr^vfvweK Lvevi LvDaggere|
2 Bracket covDaggerbvi 2-3 w`b chcopyšmdash daggerivMxi GKUz Amacr^wmacrmdash nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GDaggerZ fDaggerqi wKQy
daggerbB| gyDaggerL bZzb wKQy wRwbm emvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2-3 w`b ci Zv AfumlvDaggerm cwiYZ nDaggerq
hvDaggere|
3 cOumlwZevi Lvevi LvIqvi ci AekumlB `vuZ fvDaggerjvfvDaggere eordfvk KiDaggerZ nDaggere| mKvDaggerj I ivDaggerZ
daggerdnotvivBW hysup3 Uz_Daggercdivide w`Daggerq `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggere| Abumlvbuml mgq Uz_ daggercoacute Qvov eordfvk KiDaggerjI
PjDaggere|
4 cOumlwZ wZb (3) gvm ci ci Uz_eordfvk e`j KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Uz_eordfvDaggerki weordfmampjcedilDaggerjv daggerhb big
(Medium soft) nq Zv daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
5 Bracket ev appliance -Gi Dci bxDaggerP 45 daggerKvDaggerY eordfvk aDaggeri `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
6 Lye daggerRvDaggeri Pvc w`Daggerq eordfvk Kiv hvDaggere bv| GDaggerZ KDaggeri Appliance LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
7 `vuDaggerZi daggerh cvDaggerk Appliance AvDaggerQ daggermB cvDaggerk Appliance -Gi Dci AvjDaggerZvfvDaggere
NywiDaggerq NywiDaggerq eordfvk KDaggeri `vuZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| `vuDaggerZi Abumlvbuml cvkcedilDaggerjvI daggerhb
fvDaggerjvfvDaggere cwireglsaquovi Kiv nq daggermw`DaggerK daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
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8 cOumlwZevi Lvevi Gi ci eordfvk Kiv mcurrencente bv nDaggerj LyefvDaggerjv KDaggeri KzjKzwP KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
9 `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerSi gqjv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Dental Floss eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
DaggerKvb KvwV ev myuB w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerLvPvDaggerbv hvDaggere bv|
10 wRnŸv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Tongue Cleanser eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
11 cOumlDaggerqvRDaggerb fvDaggerjv Mouth Wash eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere ZDaggerewPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy
Abyhvqx|
12 `vuDaggerZi gvwo Avfrac12yj w`Daggerq Massage Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
13 daggerKvb appliance daggerfDaggerfrac12 daggerMDaggerj ev LyDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ev Appliance Gi KviDaggerY gyDaggerL daggerKvb
mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj dagger`ix bv KDaggeri mDaggerfrac12 mDaggerfrac12 Orthondontist-Gi civgkcopy wbDaggerZ nDaggere|
14 wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq ksup3 Lvevi (nvo AvL) LvIqv cwinvi KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
15 AvVvDaggerjv RvZxq Lvevi (PzBs Mvg) LvIqv ev` w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
16 daggercqviv AvDaggercj ev daggerh daggerKvb ksup3 Lvevi Kvgo w`Daggerq bv daggerLDaggerq daggerQvU daggerQvU UzKiv KDaggeri
daggerLDaggerZ nDaggere|
17 Orthodontist DaggerhfvDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK AvmDaggerZ ejDaggereb (1gvm ci ci) AekumlB Zv cvjb
KiDaggerZ nDaggere| bv nDaggerj daggerivMxi wPwKrmv daggerkl nDaggerZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi daggerewk jvMDaggere|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbPz `vuZ wVK Kivi Rbuml daggerhgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Oslashviv mwVK wPwKrmv daggerZgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerivMx Ges daggerivMxi AwffveDaggerKi
mnDaggerhvwMZv Ges Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy Abyhvqx Pjv| ZDaggereB DaggerivMx wPwKrmv DaggerkDaggerl cvDaggere
KvwldquoparaZ myrsaquo`i `vuZ|
49
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
50
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ dnotwms
51
daggerQvAElig GKwU evMvDaggerb hw` ADaggerbKcedilDaggerjv MvQ daggereDaggero DVDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZDaggere ADaggerbK MvDaggerQi macr^vfvweK ebdquowtimes
weboacute nq Ges evMvbwU wKQyw`b ci Nb Rfrac12Daggerj cwiYZ nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK| ZLb hw` daggermLvb
dagger_DaggerK wKQy MvQ daggerKDaggerU daggerdjv nq ZDaggere evMvbwUi evKxMvQcedilDaggerjv iparav daggercDaggerq macr^vfvweKfvDaggere daggereDaggero
DVDaggere|
daggerZgwb gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerh cwigvY RvqMv AvDaggerQ Zvi daggerPDaggerq hw` `vuDaggerZi msLumlv daggerewk wKsev
`vuZ Lye daggerekx AvuKv evKv DuPz `uvZ _vKDaggerj ZDaggere Zv wVK KDaggeri `vuZDaggerK mywebumlvmacrmdash myrsaquo`i KDaggeri
daggerZvjvi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgq daggerivMxi wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB daggerivMx ev
Zvi AwffveK `vuZ daggerZvjvi K_v iumlbDaggerj fq cvq| Zviv fvDaggere `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ ADaggerbK euml_v
jvMDaggere ev daggerPvDaggerLi daggereordfBDaggerbi hw` daggerKvb parawZ nq| Zviv Orthodontist daggerK `vuZ bv ZzDaggerj
wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml AbyDaggeriva KDaggeri _vDaggerK| wKšlsquo ZvDagger`i G mKj aviYv mcurrenuacute~Ycopy Ag~jK| `vuZ
ZzjDaggerj daggerPvDaggerLi ev daggereordfBDaggerbi daggerKvb parawZ nqbv| GKRb AwfAacute wPwKrmK ZvB KiDaggereb hv KiDaggerj
daggerivMxi wPwKrmv fvDaggerjvfvDaggere mcurrenuacutebœ nDaggere Ges daggerivMx I Zvi AwffveK mšlsquowoacute jvf KiDaggere| Avi
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM wbw copyoacute rsquovb fvDaggerjvfvDaggere Aek KDaggeri wbDaggerj Ges wPwKrmDaggerKi dagger`qv DcDagger`k `vuZ
daggerZvjvi w`b I cieZcopyx KDaggerqKw`b mwVKfvDaggere daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj `vuZ daggerZvjvi ci daggerivMxi daggerZgb daggerKvb
Amyweav nq bv ejDaggerjB PDaggerj|
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`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM
`vuZ daggerZvjvi cDaggeri
53
ADaggerbDaggerKB AvDaggerQb hviv ivDaggerZ NygvDaggerbvi AvDaggerM Ges mKvDaggerj bvmacrmdashv Lvevi ci `vuZ eordfvk
KDaggerib `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Kvj wejcurren^ bv KDaggeri `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggerib
`vuDaggerZi mymacrrsquoZvi Rbuml hv hv `iKvi Zviv Zv-B KDaggerib| GmeB nDaggerjv fvDaggerjv Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi
Rbuml LyeB DcKvix|
wKšlsquo Ggb wKQy Afumlvm AvDaggerQ hv gyL I `vuDaggerZi macr^vDaggermacrrsquoumli Rbuml LyeB parawZKi| Gme
e`AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi bvbv aiDaggerYi mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q| GB AfumlvmcedilDaggerjvi gDaggerauml Avfrac12yj
daggerPvlv wRnŸampv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv ev daggerVjv dagger`Iqv daggerKvb mgmumlv bv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI gyL w`Daggerq wbkbrvbarvm
daggerbqv daggerVvuU I bL KvgovDaggerbv AbumlZg|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK| evev gv hw` GUv daggerLqvj KDaggerib ZDaggere wkiumlDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere daggerh Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv Lvivc| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz nDaggerq hvq ADaggerbK mgq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bvI coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Open bite) bxDaggerPi
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daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZcedilDaggerjv msKzwPZ nDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK hZUzKz daggerXDaggerK ivLv
DwPZ Zv KDaggerg daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerbvi ci I hw` Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm bv KDaggerg ZDaggere wkiumli 2-3 eQi eqm
chcopyšmdash ADaggercparav KiDaggerZ nDaggere| ADaggerbK mgq 3 eQi eqDaggermi ci wkiumli GB Afumlvm PDaggerj hvq|
ZviciI hw` wkiuml G Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere GKRb AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12
civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| wPwKrmK `iKvi gDaggerb nDaggerj daggerKvb Appliance ev hšiquest w`Daggereb hv
wkiumlDaggerK GB Afumlvm `~i KiDaggerZ mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wkiumli hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK ZDaggere DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DPuy nDaggerq hvq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bv coDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerivMx gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri
wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq Avcbvi daggermvbvgwbi hw` Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml
parawZKi ZDaggere cOuml_DaggergB ZvDaggerK eySvb| ZvDaggerZ KvR bv nDaggerj Aemacrrsquov hvDaggerZ AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv
hvq daggermRbuml AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy Kisbquob|
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OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
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CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
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KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
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GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
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ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
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daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
37
evBgumlvmiddot
evBgvmiddot `y aiDaggerbi nq| evBgumlvwmiddotjvix cOumlUzordfmb Ges evBgumlvwmiddot jvix cOumlwKnotDaggerbmb| wK KwVb
katilde| Avmyb Lye mnDaggerR daggerRDaggerb daggerbB `uvZ I gvwoi Avi GK mgmumlv hvi bvg evBgvmiddot|
evBgumlvmiddot mgmumlvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc DcDaggerii Ges bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj wKsev `uvZ wKsev DfqB mvgDaggerbi
w`DaggerK DPzu _vDaggerK| dDaggerj dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv daggerVvU DPzu nDaggerq _vKv GgbwK gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ
cviv mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
mvavibZ `uvZ hw` Zzjbvg~jK fvDaggere eo GgbwK daggerPvqvj jcurren^v wKsev daggerXvK wMjvi mgq
wRnev mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK Amacr^vfvweK fvDaggere `uvZDaggerK mvgDaggerbi w`DaggerK daggerVjv w`Daggerj GB aiDaggerbi mgmumlv nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| NveovDaggerbvi wKQzB daggerbB GB mgmumlvi mgvavb Lye myrsaquo`i KDaggeri GK AwfAacute ADagger_copyDaggerWbwUdivide
w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib| gDaggerb ivLDaggerZ nDaggere cOumlv_wgK Aemacrrsquovq GB mgmumlvi mgvavb KiDaggerj ZZUv RwUjZv nq
bv| eDaggerqvmwUuml KvDaggerji c~Daggere eDaggerqvmmwUuml KvDaggerji mgq Ges cDaggeri wPwKrmv eumlemacrrsquov cbdquo_K cbdquo_K nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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myrsaquo`Daggerii c~Rvix mKDaggerjB ZvB GB mgmumlv mgvavb KDaggeri
Avcwb nDaggerq DVyb myrsaquo`i `uvZ I nvwmi AwaKvix
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daggerMR `vuZ(High Canine) DPz KZcopyb `vuZ t
AvgvDagger`i gyDaggerL eqm 5 eQi chcopyšmdash daggerh 20 wU `vuZ _vDaggerK Zvi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ
_vDaggerK| eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ 20wU `ya `vuZ hLb cDaggero wMDaggerq macrrsquovqx `vuZ DDaggerV ZLbI daggergvU
32wU `vuDaggerZi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ _vDaggerK| G KZcopyb `uvZcedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi 4wU daggerKvbvq AewmacrrsquoZ| ZvB
GDagger`iDaggerK Corner Stone of mouth eDaggerj| bvg iumlbDaggerjB daggerevSv hvq G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Lv`uml`ordfeumlDaggerK
KZcopyb KiDaggerZ Ges wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri| G `vuZ cedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK kwsup3kvjx| KviY G `vuDaggerZi
GbvDaggergDaggerji cyisbquoZiexcl Daggerewk Ges mvgDaggerbi 4wU `vuDaggerZi (Pecopyb `vuZ-Incisor tooth) ciciB
AewmacrrsquoZ| daggerKvb daggerKvb mgq wewfbœ KviY ekZt G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Zvi wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK wfbœ
AemacrrsquovDaggerb dagger`Lv hvq| hw` G `vuZcedilDaggerjv gvwoi gDaggerauml ev DcDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri ZLb ZvDaggerK
High Canine ev daggerMR `vuZ ejv nq| Avevi KLDaggerbv GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv Zvjyi w`K w`Daggerq DDaggerV|
ZLb GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK Palataly placed canine eDaggerj| Avevi KLDaggerbv I gvwo ev Zvjyi wfZDaggeri
G `vuZ Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| ZLb ZvDaggerK Impacted Canine ejv nq| GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi gDaggerauml
AZxe Risbquoix PviwU `vuZ| GB `vuZ daggerhgb Lv`uml`ordfeuml KZcopyb I wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri cvkvcvwk
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daggerPvqvDaggerji bovPovDaggerK wbqšiquestY KDaggeri| GB `vuZDaggerK Beauty tooth I ejv nq| ZvB G `vuDaggerZi
mvwietimesfvDaggere webumlvm LyeB Risbquoix|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ daggerh KDaggerqKwU mgmumlv ZzDaggerj aiv nDaggerjv G mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi mgvavb LyeB Risbquoix|
hw` daggerKD GiKg daggerKvb mgmumlvq fyDaggerM _vDaggerKb ZDaggere AwfAacute Orthodontist -B nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
Avcbvi myrsaquo`i nvwm wdwiDaggerq dagger`qvi cig eUumlz|
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daggerVvuU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerki wkiumlDagger`i GKwU AbumlZg
mgmumlv| wewfbœ MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv wMDaggerqDaggerQ cOumlwZ 700 RDaggerb 1 Rb daggerVvuU KvUv Ges cOumlwZ 1000 RDaggerb
1 Rb wkiuml Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| daggerVvuU KvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggerQDaggerj wkiumlDagger`i Ges
ZvjyKvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggergDaggerq-wkiumlDagger`i gvDaggerS|
wewfbœ KviDaggerY wkiuml daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri _vDaggerK| kZKiv 25 fvM daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GUv eskMZ KviDaggerY nDaggerq _vDaggerK| hw` 1 Rb ZvjyKvUv daggerivMx 1 Rb mymacrrsquo gvbylDaggerK weDaggerq KDaggeri ZDaggere
ZvDagger`i ev‛Pvi ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kivi mcurrencentvebv kZKiv 2 fvM|
Mfcopyvemacrrsquovi cOuml_g fvDaggerM gv hw` daggerKvb fvBivj BbDaggerdKkDaggerb Avmicrovšmdash nq ev kvixwiKfvDaggere
AvNvZcOumlvszlig nq ev niDaggergvDaggerbi fvimvgumlnxbZvq fyDaggerM ev wfUvwgDaggerbi AfvDaggere fyDaggerM _vDaggerK ev
daggeriwWDaggerqkDaggerb GmiddotDaggercvR nq ev _umlvwjDaggerWvgvBW RvZxq Ilya MOumlnY KDaggeri ZDaggere wkiumli daggerVvuU ev
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| KvDaggerQi AvZyenxq macr^RDaggerbi gvDaggerS weDaggerq nDaggerjI wkiuml G mgmumlv
wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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DaggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq wkiuml RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerj cwieviDaggerK bvbv aiDaggerYi mvgvwRK I gvbwmK
mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ nq| wkiuml hLb GB mgmumlv wbDaggerq eo nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZLb daggermI gvbwmKfvDaggere
nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ _vDaggerK| G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ K_v
ejDaggerZ I iumlbDaggerZ mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| `vuDaggerZi mgmumlvi gDaggerauml hv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Zvi gDaggerauml AbumlZg
nDagger‛Q-wewfbœ `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKv `vuZ wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV gyDaggerLi Abuml daggerKvb RvqMvq
DVv evowZ wKQy `vuZ _vKv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb ksup3 bv nIqv `vuDaggerZi MVb myrsaquo`i bv nIqv
gvwoi wewfbœ mgmumlv `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPy-bxPz nIqv|
daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv daggerivMxDagger`i wPwKrmv weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmKDagger`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutev Qvov mcurrencente
bq| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Orthodontist Gi f~wgKv iumlisbquo nq ev‛Pvi RDaggerbyeni ci ciB| daggerhDaggernZz daggerVvuU I
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv nq daggermRbuml wkiumli RDaggerbyeni ci ciB
gyDaggerLi wfZi covi Rbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b daggerhb wkiumli daggerLDaggerZ
daggerKvb mgmumlv bv nq|
kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wkiumli 3-6 gvm eqDaggerm daggerVvuU I 1-2 eQi eqDaggerm Zvjy wVK KiDaggerZ
nDaggere GKRb AwfAacute kjuml wPwKrmK Oslashviv| kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg daggerVvuU I Zvjy wVK Kivi ci
wkiumli DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj hvDaggerZ msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GK aiDaggerYi
Appliance ev hšiquest bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b|
wkiumli Mixed dentition stage (6-12 eQi eqm) -G gyDaggerL daggerKvb AwZwisup3 `vuZ
_vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GQvov mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Cross bite _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuZ
AvuKv evKv _vKDaggerj ev Molar ev daggerclY `vDaggerZi Relation wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere Removable ev Fixed appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo
KiDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
me macrrsquovqx `vuZ PDaggerj Avmvi ci macrrsquovqxfvDaggere daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Kvgo (Occlusion
improve) wVK Kivi Rbuml Fixed ev Removable appliance w`Daggerq Orthodontist
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb Ges daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggereb|
GB mgDaggerq gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyDaggerK wVK Kivi Rbuml cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj Bony Graft Kiv daggerhDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| Gi dDaggerj Orthodontic treatment Gi daggerh djvdj ZvI Aparazbœ _vKDaggere|
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daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLvi ci Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere daggerivMxDaggerK
Permanent Retainer bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv daggerivMxDaggerK me mgq cDaggero _vKDaggerZ nDaggere|
Amacrlsaquovi weRqx DaggerRvqvDaggerKb wdwbmiddot RDaggerbyeni mgq daggerVvuU KvuUv wQj
daggerVvuU KuvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv daggerKvb Awfkvc bq| mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg
GDaggerK mvwiDaggerq daggerZvjv mcurrencente| `iKvi iumlay mevi mDaggerPZbZv Avi mwVK mgDaggerq weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri daggerm Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY Kiv|
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ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerKvb eqDaggerm iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ Zv AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKiB ARvbv|
ADaggerbK AwffveKB eySDaggerZ cvDaggerib bv wkiumli ADagger_copyvWbwUK mgmumlvi Rbuml daggerKvb eqDaggerm
Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| AAacutevbZvi Rbuml ev Abuml daggerKvb wOslashav-OslashDaggerrsaquo`i
KviDaggerY Zviv ADaggerbK mgqB ADaggerbK dagger`ix KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb wPwKrmvi
Rbuml| dDaggerj wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc wPwKrmvi eumlvwszligKvj daggereDaggero hvq| wKQyDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK
chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc
wPwKrmvi djvdj Avkvbyiƒc nq bv| KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv KZUv
Risbquoix| GLb Avwg ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi eqm mxgv wbDaggerq AvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri AvcbvDagger`i
wKQyUv nDaggerjI aviYv dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev Kie|
AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerk ADaggerbK wkiumlB daggerVvuU ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| Kzmsmacrlsaquoviv‛Qbœ
gvbyliv GDaggerK Awfkvc ev fvDaggerMumli wjLb gDaggerb KDaggeri nvZ cv cedilwUDaggerq eDaggerm _vDaggerK daggerKvb wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri bv| wKšlsquo gDaggerb ivLDaggereb daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumli
AwffveKDagger`i DwPZ RDaggerbyeni ci ciB GKRb AwfAacute Orhodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY Kiv|
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KviY G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i RDaggerbyeni ciB cOumlavb I cOuml_g daggerh mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q Zv nDaggerjv Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mgmumlv| Orthodontist Gmgq GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv wkiumlDaggerK Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml LyeB parawZKi GKwU Afumlvm|
mvaviYZ `yB dagger_DaggerK wZb eQi eqDaggermi gDaggerauml Avcbv Avcwb wkiuml G AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KDaggeri daggerdDaggerj|
wKšlsquo ZviciI hw` wkiuml AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere AwffveKDagger`i Gi parawZKi w`KwU
mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere Ges microgvMZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv PjDaggerZ _vKDaggerj wkiumlDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj G AfumlvmwU
`~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance) bullZwi KDaggeri w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib
hvDaggerZ KDaggeri fwelumlDaggerZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi KviDaggerY wkiumli `vuDaggerZi webumlvm AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv hvq|
mvaviYZ 5-6 eQi eqm dagger_DaggerK wkiumlDagger`i `ya `vuZ coDaggerZ iumlisbquo KDaggeri| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK mgq
dagger`Lv hvq AvNvZ RwbZ paraq RwbZ ev Abuml daggerKvb daggerivDaggerMi KviDaggerY wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya
`vuZ cDaggero hvq ev daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| `vuZ covi ci daggerh dvuKv RvqMvwU _vDaggerK daggerm RvqMvwU ZLb
`yB cvDaggerki `vuZ w`Daggerq eUuml nDaggerq hvq| dDaggerj rsquovqx `vuZ DVvi Rbuml chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv daggercDaggerq
Amacr^vfvweK daggerKvb RvqMvq `vuZ DDaggerV Ges `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi mcurrencentvebv daggereDaggero hvq| GB dvuKv
macrrsquovbwU hvDaggerZ cvDaggerki `vuZ Oslashviv eUuml bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl hšiquest bullZwi
KDaggeri w`Daggereb hvDaggerK Space maintainer eDaggerj| KvDaggerRB daggerKvb `ya`vuZ hw` Zvi wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi
AvDaggerM cDaggero hvq ZDaggere dagger`ix bv KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi mvDagger_ dagger`Lv Kisbquob|
ADaggerbK ev‛PvDagger`i dagger`Lv hvq DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj daggerewk evoDaggerQ ev hZUzKz evovi K_v
ZZUzKz evoDaggerQ bv| Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc evošmdash eqDaggerm (6-12) Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cOumlDaggerqvRb AbymvDaggeri Face
mask ev Chin cap eumlenvi KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb hv ev‛Pvi DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimesDaggerK
mwVK AmacrrsquovDaggerb wbDaggerZ mnvqZv KiDaggere|
DaggerVuvU I ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i daggerVvuU I Zvjy kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wVK
Kivi ci mwVK mgq Orthodontist Gmiddotcvbmb macrŒz (Expansion screw) ZvjyDaggerZ jvwMDaggerq
dagger`b hvDaggerZ DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq| G wkiumlDagger`i 8-10 eQi eqDaggerm bone
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grafting Kivi Rbuml kjuml wPwKrmKDaggerK cOumlDaggerqvRbxq civgkcopy I mnvqZv w`Daggerq _vDaggerKb
Orthodontist|
6-12 eQi eqDaggerm hLb wkiumli gyDaggerL `ya I macrrsquovqx Dfq cOumlKvi `vuZ we`umlgvb ZLb hw`
`vuDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo (Cross bite) daggerewk Kvgo (Deep bite) dagger`Lv hvq ZDaggere
Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRbxq eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggereb hvDaggerZ fwelumlDaggerZ KvgocedilDaggerjv AvDaggeriv Lvivc -Gi w`DaggerK
bv hvq|
`ya `vuZ me cDaggero hvevi ci I macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVvi ci AvuKv evuKv DuPz -bxPz `vuZ wVK
Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS Removable Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ
ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere) ev Fixed Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere bv) w`Daggerq
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb|
ADaggerbDaggerKiB gDaggerbB cOumlkœ _vDaggerK daggerh daggerewk eqDaggerm Orthodontic wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere wKbv|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuZ nvo I GDagger`i mvDagger_ mcurrenuacuteKcopyhysup3 structure cedilDaggerjv fvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZDaggere daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv Kiv mcurrencente|
cOumlvszlig eqDaggerm hw` DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj hw` Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes daggercDaggerq _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv
wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj kjuml wPwKrmvi Oslashvimacrrsquo nDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi mdjZv wbfcopyi KDaggeri wPwKrmDaggerKi AwfAacuteZv daggerivMx I Zvi
AwffveDaggerKi mnDaggerhvwMZv I mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi Dci|
gDaggerb ivLDaggereb mgDaggerqi GK daggerdvuo AmgDaggerqi `k daggerdvuo| mwVK mgDaggerq mwVK KvRwU KiDaggerj
Avcwb daggerh djvdj cvDaggereb dagger`ix KDaggeri KvRwU KiDaggerj daggermB djvdj Avcwb bvI daggercDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
Avcbvi daggerKvb wbKURDaggerbi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj mwVK mgDaggerq Orthodontist
Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggerZ fyjDaggereb bv daggerhb|
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Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Dci Bracket
ev Brace covDaggerbv _vDaggerK| Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq
Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv wbDagger`kcopyvejx wVKgZ daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj wPwKrmv cieZcopyx RwUjZv dagger`Lv
dagger`evi mcurrencentvebv LyeB Kg|
Fixed Orthodontic treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq gyL I `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZ weDaggerkl hZœ wbDaggerZ
nDaggere| daggerhme welDaggerqi Dci daggerewk daggerewk bRi ivLDaggerZ nDaggere Zv bxDaggerP dagger`qv nDaggerjvt
1 daggerhw`b daggerivMxi gyDaggerL Bracket emvDaggerbv nDaggere Zvici dagger_DaggerK 24 NrsaquoUv chcopyšmdash ksup3 Lvevi
LvIqv DwPZ bq| GDaggerZ Bracket LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| H 24 NrsaquoUv Lye daggerRvDaggeri daggerRvDaggeri `vuZ
eordfvk Kiv I DwPZ bq| daggerivMx Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv civgkcopy Abyhvqx `vuZ eordfvk
KiDaggere I macr^vfvweK Lvevi LvDaggere|
2 Bracket covDaggerbvi 2-3 w`b chcopyšmdash daggerivMxi GKUz Amacr^wmacrmdash nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GDaggerZ fDaggerqi wKQy
daggerbB| gyDaggerL bZzb wKQy wRwbm emvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2-3 w`b ci Zv AfumlvDaggerm cwiYZ nDaggerq
hvDaggere|
3 cOumlwZevi Lvevi LvIqvi ci AekumlB `vuZ fvDaggerjvfvDaggere eordfvk KiDaggerZ nDaggere| mKvDaggerj I ivDaggerZ
daggerdnotvivBW hysup3 Uz_Daggercdivide w`Daggerq `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggere| Abumlvbuml mgq Uz_ daggercoacute Qvov eordfvk KiDaggerjI
PjDaggere|
4 cOumlwZ wZb (3) gvm ci ci Uz_eordfvk e`j KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Uz_eordfvDaggerki weordfmampjcedilDaggerjv daggerhb big
(Medium soft) nq Zv daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
5 Bracket ev appliance -Gi Dci bxDaggerP 45 daggerKvDaggerY eordfvk aDaggeri `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
6 Lye daggerRvDaggeri Pvc w`Daggerq eordfvk Kiv hvDaggere bv| GDaggerZ KDaggeri Appliance LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
7 `vuDaggerZi daggerh cvDaggerk Appliance AvDaggerQ daggermB cvDaggerk Appliance -Gi Dci AvjDaggerZvfvDaggere
NywiDaggerq NywiDaggerq eordfvk KDaggeri `vuZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| `vuDaggerZi Abumlvbuml cvkcedilDaggerjvI daggerhb
fvDaggerjvfvDaggere cwireglsaquovi Kiv nq daggermw`DaggerK daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
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8 cOumlwZevi Lvevi Gi ci eordfvk Kiv mcurrencente bv nDaggerj LyefvDaggerjv KDaggeri KzjKzwP KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
9 `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerSi gqjv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Dental Floss eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
DaggerKvb KvwV ev myuB w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerLvPvDaggerbv hvDaggere bv|
10 wRnŸv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Tongue Cleanser eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
11 cOumlDaggerqvRDaggerb fvDaggerjv Mouth Wash eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere ZDaggerewPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy
Abyhvqx|
12 `vuDaggerZi gvwo Avfrac12yj w`Daggerq Massage Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
13 daggerKvb appliance daggerfDaggerfrac12 daggerMDaggerj ev LyDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ev Appliance Gi KviDaggerY gyDaggerL daggerKvb
mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj dagger`ix bv KDaggeri mDaggerfrac12 mDaggerfrac12 Orthondontist-Gi civgkcopy wbDaggerZ nDaggere|
14 wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq ksup3 Lvevi (nvo AvL) LvIqv cwinvi KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
15 AvVvDaggerjv RvZxq Lvevi (PzBs Mvg) LvIqv ev` w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
16 daggercqviv AvDaggercj ev daggerh daggerKvb ksup3 Lvevi Kvgo w`Daggerq bv daggerLDaggerq daggerQvU daggerQvU UzKiv KDaggeri
daggerLDaggerZ nDaggere|
17 Orthodontist DaggerhfvDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK AvmDaggerZ ejDaggereb (1gvm ci ci) AekumlB Zv cvjb
KiDaggerZ nDaggere| bv nDaggerj daggerivMxi wPwKrmv daggerkl nDaggerZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi daggerewk jvMDaggere|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbPz `vuZ wVK Kivi Rbuml daggerhgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Oslashviv mwVK wPwKrmv daggerZgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerivMx Ges daggerivMxi AwffveDaggerKi
mnDaggerhvwMZv Ges Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy Abyhvqx Pjv| ZDaggereB DaggerivMx wPwKrmv DaggerkDaggerl cvDaggere
KvwldquoparaZ myrsaquo`i `vuZ|
49
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
50
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ dnotwms
51
daggerQvAElig GKwU evMvDaggerb hw` ADaggerbKcedilDaggerjv MvQ daggereDaggero DVDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZDaggere ADaggerbK MvDaggerQi macr^vfvweK ebdquowtimes
weboacute nq Ges evMvbwU wKQyw`b ci Nb Rfrac12Daggerj cwiYZ nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK| ZLb hw` daggermLvb
dagger_DaggerK wKQy MvQ daggerKDaggerU daggerdjv nq ZDaggere evMvbwUi evKxMvQcedilDaggerjv iparav daggercDaggerq macr^vfvweKfvDaggere daggereDaggero
DVDaggere|
daggerZgwb gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerh cwigvY RvqMv AvDaggerQ Zvi daggerPDaggerq hw` `vuDaggerZi msLumlv daggerewk wKsev
`vuZ Lye daggerekx AvuKv evKv DuPz `uvZ _vKDaggerj ZDaggere Zv wVK KDaggeri `vuZDaggerK mywebumlvmacrmdash myrsaquo`i KDaggeri
daggerZvjvi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgq daggerivMxi wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB daggerivMx ev
Zvi AwffveK `vuZ daggerZvjvi K_v iumlbDaggerj fq cvq| Zviv fvDaggere `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ ADaggerbK euml_v
jvMDaggere ev daggerPvDaggerLi daggereordfBDaggerbi hw` daggerKvb parawZ nq| Zviv Orthodontist daggerK `vuZ bv ZzDaggerj
wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml AbyDaggeriva KDaggeri _vDaggerK| wKšlsquo ZvDagger`i G mKj aviYv mcurrenuacute~Ycopy Ag~jK| `vuZ
ZzjDaggerj daggerPvDaggerLi ev daggereordfBDaggerbi daggerKvb parawZ nqbv| GKRb AwfAacute wPwKrmK ZvB KiDaggereb hv KiDaggerj
daggerivMxi wPwKrmv fvDaggerjvfvDaggere mcurrenuacutebœ nDaggere Ges daggerivMx I Zvi AwffveK mšlsquowoacute jvf KiDaggere| Avi
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM wbw copyoacute rsquovb fvDaggerjvfvDaggere Aek KDaggeri wbDaggerj Ges wPwKrmDaggerKi dagger`qv DcDagger`k `vuZ
daggerZvjvi w`b I cieZcopyx KDaggerqKw`b mwVKfvDaggere daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj `vuZ daggerZvjvi ci daggerivMxi daggerZgb daggerKvb
Amyweav nq bv ejDaggerjB PDaggerj|
52
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM
`vuZ daggerZvjvi cDaggeri
53
ADaggerbDaggerKB AvDaggerQb hviv ivDaggerZ NygvDaggerbvi AvDaggerM Ges mKvDaggerj bvmacrmdashv Lvevi ci `vuZ eordfvk
KDaggerib `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Kvj wejcurren^ bv KDaggeri `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggerib
`vuDaggerZi mymacrrsquoZvi Rbuml hv hv `iKvi Zviv Zv-B KDaggerib| GmeB nDaggerjv fvDaggerjv Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi
Rbuml LyeB DcKvix|
wKšlsquo Ggb wKQy Afumlvm AvDaggerQ hv gyL I `vuDaggerZi macr^vDaggermacrrsquoumli Rbuml LyeB parawZKi| Gme
e`AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi bvbv aiDaggerYi mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q| GB AfumlvmcedilDaggerjvi gDaggerauml Avfrac12yj
daggerPvlv wRnŸampv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv ev daggerVjv dagger`Iqv daggerKvb mgmumlv bv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI gyL w`Daggerq wbkbrvbarvm
daggerbqv daggerVvuU I bL KvgovDaggerbv AbumlZg|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK| evev gv hw` GUv daggerLqvj KDaggerib ZDaggere wkiumlDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere daggerh Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv Lvivc| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz nDaggerq hvq ADaggerbK mgq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bvI coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Open bite) bxDaggerPi
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daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZcedilDaggerjv msKzwPZ nDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK hZUzKz daggerXDaggerK ivLv
DwPZ Zv KDaggerg daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerbvi ci I hw` Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm bv KDaggerg ZDaggere wkiumli 2-3 eQi eqm
chcopyšmdash ADaggercparav KiDaggerZ nDaggere| ADaggerbK mgq 3 eQi eqDaggermi ci wkiumli GB Afumlvm PDaggerj hvq|
ZviciI hw` wkiuml G Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere GKRb AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12
civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| wPwKrmK `iKvi gDaggerb nDaggerj daggerKvb Appliance ev hšiquest w`Daggereb hv
wkiumlDaggerK GB Afumlvm `~i KiDaggerZ mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wkiumli hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK ZDaggere DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DPuy nDaggerq hvq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bv coDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerivMx gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri
wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq Avcbvi daggermvbvgwbi hw` Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml
parawZKi ZDaggere cOuml_DaggergB ZvDaggerK eySvb| ZvDaggerZ KvR bv nDaggerj Aemacrrsquov hvDaggerZ AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv
hvq daggermRbuml AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy Kisbquob|
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OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
56
CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
57
KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
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GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
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ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
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daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
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myrsaquo`Daggerii c~Rvix mKDaggerjB ZvB GB mgmumlv mgvavb KDaggeri
Avcwb nDaggerq DVyb myrsaquo`i `uvZ I nvwmi AwaKvix
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daggerMR `vuZ(High Canine) DPz KZcopyb `vuZ t
AvgvDagger`i gyDaggerL eqm 5 eQi chcopyšmdash daggerh 20 wU `vuZ _vDaggerK Zvi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ
_vDaggerK| eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ 20wU `ya `vuZ hLb cDaggero wMDaggerq macrrsquovqx `vuZ DDaggerV ZLbI daggergvU
32wU `vuDaggerZi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ _vDaggerK| G KZcopyb `uvZcedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi 4wU daggerKvbvq AewmacrrsquoZ| ZvB
GDagger`iDaggerK Corner Stone of mouth eDaggerj| bvg iumlbDaggerjB daggerevSv hvq G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Lv`uml`ordfeumlDaggerK
KZcopyb KiDaggerZ Ges wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri| G `vuZ cedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK kwsup3kvjx| KviY G `vuDaggerZi
GbvDaggergDaggerji cyisbquoZiexcl Daggerewk Ges mvgDaggerbi 4wU `vuDaggerZi (Pecopyb `vuZ-Incisor tooth) ciciB
AewmacrrsquoZ| daggerKvb daggerKvb mgq wewfbœ KviY ekZt G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Zvi wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK wfbœ
AemacrrsquovDaggerb dagger`Lv hvq| hw` G `vuZcedilDaggerjv gvwoi gDaggerauml ev DcDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri ZLb ZvDaggerK
High Canine ev daggerMR `vuZ ejv nq| Avevi KLDaggerbv GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv Zvjyi w`K w`Daggerq DDaggerV|
ZLb GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK Palataly placed canine eDaggerj| Avevi KLDaggerbv I gvwo ev Zvjyi wfZDaggeri
G `vuZ Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| ZLb ZvDaggerK Impacted Canine ejv nq| GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi gDaggerauml
AZxe Risbquoix PviwU `vuZ| GB `vuZ daggerhgb Lv`uml`ordfeuml KZcopyb I wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri cvkvcvwk
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daggerPvqvDaggerji bovPovDaggerK wbqšiquestY KDaggeri| GB `vuZDaggerK Beauty tooth I ejv nq| ZvB G `vuDaggerZi
mvwietimesfvDaggere webumlvm LyeB Risbquoix|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ daggerh KDaggerqKwU mgmumlv ZzDaggerj aiv nDaggerjv G mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi mgvavb LyeB Risbquoix|
hw` daggerKD GiKg daggerKvb mgmumlvq fyDaggerM _vDaggerKb ZDaggere AwfAacute Orthodontist -B nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
Avcbvi myrsaquo`i nvwm wdwiDaggerq dagger`qvi cig eUumlz|
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daggerVvuU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerki wkiumlDagger`i GKwU AbumlZg
mgmumlv| wewfbœ MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv wMDaggerqDaggerQ cOumlwZ 700 RDaggerb 1 Rb daggerVvuU KvUv Ges cOumlwZ 1000 RDaggerb
1 Rb wkiuml Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| daggerVvuU KvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggerQDaggerj wkiumlDagger`i Ges
ZvjyKvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggergDaggerq-wkiumlDagger`i gvDaggerS|
wewfbœ KviDaggerY wkiuml daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri _vDaggerK| kZKiv 25 fvM daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GUv eskMZ KviDaggerY nDaggerq _vDaggerK| hw` 1 Rb ZvjyKvUv daggerivMx 1 Rb mymacrrsquo gvbylDaggerK weDaggerq KDaggeri ZDaggere
ZvDagger`i ev‛Pvi ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kivi mcurrencentvebv kZKiv 2 fvM|
Mfcopyvemacrrsquovi cOuml_g fvDaggerM gv hw` daggerKvb fvBivj BbDaggerdKkDaggerb Avmicrovšmdash nq ev kvixwiKfvDaggere
AvNvZcOumlvszlig nq ev niDaggergvDaggerbi fvimvgumlnxbZvq fyDaggerM ev wfUvwgDaggerbi AfvDaggere fyDaggerM _vDaggerK ev
daggeriwWDaggerqkDaggerb GmiddotDaggercvR nq ev _umlvwjDaggerWvgvBW RvZxq Ilya MOumlnY KDaggeri ZDaggere wkiumli daggerVvuU ev
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| KvDaggerQi AvZyenxq macr^RDaggerbi gvDaggerS weDaggerq nDaggerjI wkiuml G mgmumlv
wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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DaggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq wkiuml RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerj cwieviDaggerK bvbv aiDaggerYi mvgvwRK I gvbwmK
mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ nq| wkiuml hLb GB mgmumlv wbDaggerq eo nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZLb daggermI gvbwmKfvDaggere
nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ _vDaggerK| G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ K_v
ejDaggerZ I iumlbDaggerZ mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| `vuDaggerZi mgmumlvi gDaggerauml hv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Zvi gDaggerauml AbumlZg
nDagger‛Q-wewfbœ `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKv `vuZ wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV gyDaggerLi Abuml daggerKvb RvqMvq
DVv evowZ wKQy `vuZ _vKv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb ksup3 bv nIqv `vuDaggerZi MVb myrsaquo`i bv nIqv
gvwoi wewfbœ mgmumlv `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPy-bxPz nIqv|
daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv daggerivMxDagger`i wPwKrmv weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmKDagger`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutev Qvov mcurrencente
bq| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Orthodontist Gi f~wgKv iumlisbquo nq ev‛Pvi RDaggerbyeni ci ciB| daggerhDaggernZz daggerVvuU I
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv nq daggermRbuml wkiumli RDaggerbyeni ci ciB
gyDaggerLi wfZi covi Rbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b daggerhb wkiumli daggerLDaggerZ
daggerKvb mgmumlv bv nq|
kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wkiumli 3-6 gvm eqDaggerm daggerVvuU I 1-2 eQi eqDaggerm Zvjy wVK KiDaggerZ
nDaggere GKRb AwfAacute kjuml wPwKrmK Oslashviv| kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg daggerVvuU I Zvjy wVK Kivi ci
wkiumli DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj hvDaggerZ msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GK aiDaggerYi
Appliance ev hšiquest bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b|
wkiumli Mixed dentition stage (6-12 eQi eqm) -G gyDaggerL daggerKvb AwZwisup3 `vuZ
_vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GQvov mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Cross bite _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuZ
AvuKv evKv _vKDaggerj ev Molar ev daggerclY `vDaggerZi Relation wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere Removable ev Fixed appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo
KiDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
me macrrsquovqx `vuZ PDaggerj Avmvi ci macrrsquovqxfvDaggere daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Kvgo (Occlusion
improve) wVK Kivi Rbuml Fixed ev Removable appliance w`Daggerq Orthodontist
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb Ges daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggereb|
GB mgDaggerq gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyDaggerK wVK Kivi Rbuml cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj Bony Graft Kiv daggerhDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| Gi dDaggerj Orthodontic treatment Gi daggerh djvdj ZvI Aparazbœ _vKDaggere|
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daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLvi ci Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere daggerivMxDaggerK
Permanent Retainer bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv daggerivMxDaggerK me mgq cDaggero _vKDaggerZ nDaggere|
Amacrlsaquovi weRqx DaggerRvqvDaggerKb wdwbmiddot RDaggerbyeni mgq daggerVvuU KvuUv wQj
daggerVvuU KuvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv daggerKvb Awfkvc bq| mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg
GDaggerK mvwiDaggerq daggerZvjv mcurrencente| `iKvi iumlay mevi mDaggerPZbZv Avi mwVK mgDaggerq weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri daggerm Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY Kiv|
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ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerKvb eqDaggerm iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ Zv AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKiB ARvbv|
ADaggerbK AwffveKB eySDaggerZ cvDaggerib bv wkiumli ADagger_copyvWbwUK mgmumlvi Rbuml daggerKvb eqDaggerm
Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| AAacutevbZvi Rbuml ev Abuml daggerKvb wOslashav-OslashDaggerrsaquo`i
KviDaggerY Zviv ADaggerbK mgqB ADaggerbK dagger`ix KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb wPwKrmvi
Rbuml| dDaggerj wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc wPwKrmvi eumlvwszligKvj daggereDaggero hvq| wKQyDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK
chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc
wPwKrmvi djvdj Avkvbyiƒc nq bv| KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv KZUv
Risbquoix| GLb Avwg ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi eqm mxgv wbDaggerq AvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri AvcbvDagger`i
wKQyUv nDaggerjI aviYv dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev Kie|
AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerk ADaggerbK wkiumlB daggerVvuU ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| Kzmsmacrlsaquoviv‛Qbœ
gvbyliv GDaggerK Awfkvc ev fvDaggerMumli wjLb gDaggerb KDaggeri nvZ cv cedilwUDaggerq eDaggerm _vDaggerK daggerKvb wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri bv| wKšlsquo gDaggerb ivLDaggereb daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumli
AwffveKDagger`i DwPZ RDaggerbyeni ci ciB GKRb AwfAacute Orhodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY Kiv|
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KviY G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i RDaggerbyeni ciB cOumlavb I cOuml_g daggerh mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q Zv nDaggerjv Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mgmumlv| Orthodontist Gmgq GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv wkiumlDaggerK Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml LyeB parawZKi GKwU Afumlvm|
mvaviYZ `yB dagger_DaggerK wZb eQi eqDaggermi gDaggerauml Avcbv Avcwb wkiuml G AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KDaggeri daggerdDaggerj|
wKšlsquo ZviciI hw` wkiuml AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere AwffveKDagger`i Gi parawZKi w`KwU
mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere Ges microgvMZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv PjDaggerZ _vKDaggerj wkiumlDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj G AfumlvmwU
`~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance) bullZwi KDaggeri w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib
hvDaggerZ KDaggeri fwelumlDaggerZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi KviDaggerY wkiumli `vuDaggerZi webumlvm AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv hvq|
mvaviYZ 5-6 eQi eqm dagger_DaggerK wkiumlDagger`i `ya `vuZ coDaggerZ iumlisbquo KDaggeri| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK mgq
dagger`Lv hvq AvNvZ RwbZ paraq RwbZ ev Abuml daggerKvb daggerivDaggerMi KviDaggerY wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya
`vuZ cDaggero hvq ev daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| `vuZ covi ci daggerh dvuKv RvqMvwU _vDaggerK daggerm RvqMvwU ZLb
`yB cvDaggerki `vuZ w`Daggerq eUuml nDaggerq hvq| dDaggerj rsquovqx `vuZ DVvi Rbuml chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv daggercDaggerq
Amacr^vfvweK daggerKvb RvqMvq `vuZ DDaggerV Ges `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi mcurrencentvebv daggereDaggero hvq| GB dvuKv
macrrsquovbwU hvDaggerZ cvDaggerki `vuZ Oslashviv eUuml bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl hšiquest bullZwi
KDaggeri w`Daggereb hvDaggerK Space maintainer eDaggerj| KvDaggerRB daggerKvb `ya`vuZ hw` Zvi wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi
AvDaggerM cDaggero hvq ZDaggere dagger`ix bv KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi mvDagger_ dagger`Lv Kisbquob|
ADaggerbK ev‛PvDagger`i dagger`Lv hvq DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj daggerewk evoDaggerQ ev hZUzKz evovi K_v
ZZUzKz evoDaggerQ bv| Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc evošmdash eqDaggerm (6-12) Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cOumlDaggerqvRb AbymvDaggeri Face
mask ev Chin cap eumlenvi KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb hv ev‛Pvi DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimesDaggerK
mwVK AmacrrsquovDaggerb wbDaggerZ mnvqZv KiDaggere|
DaggerVuvU I ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i daggerVvuU I Zvjy kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wVK
Kivi ci mwVK mgq Orthodontist Gmiddotcvbmb macrŒz (Expansion screw) ZvjyDaggerZ jvwMDaggerq
dagger`b hvDaggerZ DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq| G wkiumlDagger`i 8-10 eQi eqDaggerm bone
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grafting Kivi Rbuml kjuml wPwKrmKDaggerK cOumlDaggerqvRbxq civgkcopy I mnvqZv w`Daggerq _vDaggerKb
Orthodontist|
6-12 eQi eqDaggerm hLb wkiumli gyDaggerL `ya I macrrsquovqx Dfq cOumlKvi `vuZ we`umlgvb ZLb hw`
`vuDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo (Cross bite) daggerewk Kvgo (Deep bite) dagger`Lv hvq ZDaggere
Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRbxq eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggereb hvDaggerZ fwelumlDaggerZ KvgocedilDaggerjv AvDaggeriv Lvivc -Gi w`DaggerK
bv hvq|
`ya `vuZ me cDaggero hvevi ci I macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVvi ci AvuKv evuKv DuPz -bxPz `vuZ wVK
Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS Removable Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ
ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere) ev Fixed Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere bv) w`Daggerq
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb|
ADaggerbDaggerKiB gDaggerbB cOumlkœ _vDaggerK daggerh daggerewk eqDaggerm Orthodontic wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere wKbv|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuZ nvo I GDagger`i mvDagger_ mcurrenuacuteKcopyhysup3 structure cedilDaggerjv fvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZDaggere daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv Kiv mcurrencente|
cOumlvszlig eqDaggerm hw` DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj hw` Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes daggercDaggerq _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv
wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj kjuml wPwKrmvi Oslashvimacrrsquo nDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi mdjZv wbfcopyi KDaggeri wPwKrmDaggerKi AwfAacuteZv daggerivMx I Zvi
AwffveDaggerKi mnDaggerhvwMZv I mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi Dci|
gDaggerb ivLDaggereb mgDaggerqi GK daggerdvuo AmgDaggerqi `k daggerdvuo| mwVK mgDaggerq mwVK KvRwU KiDaggerj
Avcwb daggerh djvdj cvDaggereb dagger`ix KDaggeri KvRwU KiDaggerj daggermB djvdj Avcwb bvI daggercDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
Avcbvi daggerKvb wbKURDaggerbi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj mwVK mgDaggerq Orthodontist
Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggerZ fyjDaggereb bv daggerhb|
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Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Dci Bracket
ev Brace covDaggerbv _vDaggerK| Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq
Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv wbDagger`kcopyvejx wVKgZ daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj wPwKrmv cieZcopyx RwUjZv dagger`Lv
dagger`evi mcurrencentvebv LyeB Kg|
Fixed Orthodontic treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq gyL I `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZ weDaggerkl hZœ wbDaggerZ
nDaggere| daggerhme welDaggerqi Dci daggerewk daggerewk bRi ivLDaggerZ nDaggere Zv bxDaggerP dagger`qv nDaggerjvt
1 daggerhw`b daggerivMxi gyDaggerL Bracket emvDaggerbv nDaggere Zvici dagger_DaggerK 24 NrsaquoUv chcopyšmdash ksup3 Lvevi
LvIqv DwPZ bq| GDaggerZ Bracket LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| H 24 NrsaquoUv Lye daggerRvDaggeri daggerRvDaggeri `vuZ
eordfvk Kiv I DwPZ bq| daggerivMx Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv civgkcopy Abyhvqx `vuZ eordfvk
KiDaggere I macr^vfvweK Lvevi LvDaggere|
2 Bracket covDaggerbvi 2-3 w`b chcopyšmdash daggerivMxi GKUz Amacr^wmacrmdash nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GDaggerZ fDaggerqi wKQy
daggerbB| gyDaggerL bZzb wKQy wRwbm emvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2-3 w`b ci Zv AfumlvDaggerm cwiYZ nDaggerq
hvDaggere|
3 cOumlwZevi Lvevi LvIqvi ci AekumlB `vuZ fvDaggerjvfvDaggere eordfvk KiDaggerZ nDaggere| mKvDaggerj I ivDaggerZ
daggerdnotvivBW hysup3 Uz_Daggercdivide w`Daggerq `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggere| Abumlvbuml mgq Uz_ daggercoacute Qvov eordfvk KiDaggerjI
PjDaggere|
4 cOumlwZ wZb (3) gvm ci ci Uz_eordfvk e`j KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Uz_eordfvDaggerki weordfmampjcedilDaggerjv daggerhb big
(Medium soft) nq Zv daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
5 Bracket ev appliance -Gi Dci bxDaggerP 45 daggerKvDaggerY eordfvk aDaggeri `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
6 Lye daggerRvDaggeri Pvc w`Daggerq eordfvk Kiv hvDaggere bv| GDaggerZ KDaggeri Appliance LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
7 `vuDaggerZi daggerh cvDaggerk Appliance AvDaggerQ daggermB cvDaggerk Appliance -Gi Dci AvjDaggerZvfvDaggere
NywiDaggerq NywiDaggerq eordfvk KDaggeri `vuZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| `vuDaggerZi Abumlvbuml cvkcedilDaggerjvI daggerhb
fvDaggerjvfvDaggere cwireglsaquovi Kiv nq daggermw`DaggerK daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
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8 cOumlwZevi Lvevi Gi ci eordfvk Kiv mcurrencente bv nDaggerj LyefvDaggerjv KDaggeri KzjKzwP KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
9 `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerSi gqjv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Dental Floss eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
DaggerKvb KvwV ev myuB w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerLvPvDaggerbv hvDaggere bv|
10 wRnŸv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Tongue Cleanser eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
11 cOumlDaggerqvRDaggerb fvDaggerjv Mouth Wash eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere ZDaggerewPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy
Abyhvqx|
12 `vuDaggerZi gvwo Avfrac12yj w`Daggerq Massage Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
13 daggerKvb appliance daggerfDaggerfrac12 daggerMDaggerj ev LyDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ev Appliance Gi KviDaggerY gyDaggerL daggerKvb
mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj dagger`ix bv KDaggeri mDaggerfrac12 mDaggerfrac12 Orthondontist-Gi civgkcopy wbDaggerZ nDaggere|
14 wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq ksup3 Lvevi (nvo AvL) LvIqv cwinvi KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
15 AvVvDaggerjv RvZxq Lvevi (PzBs Mvg) LvIqv ev` w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
16 daggercqviv AvDaggercj ev daggerh daggerKvb ksup3 Lvevi Kvgo w`Daggerq bv daggerLDaggerq daggerQvU daggerQvU UzKiv KDaggeri
daggerLDaggerZ nDaggere|
17 Orthodontist DaggerhfvDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK AvmDaggerZ ejDaggereb (1gvm ci ci) AekumlB Zv cvjb
KiDaggerZ nDaggere| bv nDaggerj daggerivMxi wPwKrmv daggerkl nDaggerZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi daggerewk jvMDaggere|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbPz `vuZ wVK Kivi Rbuml daggerhgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Oslashviv mwVK wPwKrmv daggerZgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerivMx Ges daggerivMxi AwffveDaggerKi
mnDaggerhvwMZv Ges Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy Abyhvqx Pjv| ZDaggereB DaggerivMx wPwKrmv DaggerkDaggerl cvDaggere
KvwldquoparaZ myrsaquo`i `vuZ|
49
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
50
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ dnotwms
51
daggerQvAElig GKwU evMvDaggerb hw` ADaggerbKcedilDaggerjv MvQ daggereDaggero DVDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZDaggere ADaggerbK MvDaggerQi macr^vfvweK ebdquowtimes
weboacute nq Ges evMvbwU wKQyw`b ci Nb Rfrac12Daggerj cwiYZ nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK| ZLb hw` daggermLvb
dagger_DaggerK wKQy MvQ daggerKDaggerU daggerdjv nq ZDaggere evMvbwUi evKxMvQcedilDaggerjv iparav daggercDaggerq macr^vfvweKfvDaggere daggereDaggero
DVDaggere|
daggerZgwb gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerh cwigvY RvqMv AvDaggerQ Zvi daggerPDaggerq hw` `vuDaggerZi msLumlv daggerewk wKsev
`vuZ Lye daggerekx AvuKv evKv DuPz `uvZ _vKDaggerj ZDaggere Zv wVK KDaggeri `vuZDaggerK mywebumlvmacrmdash myrsaquo`i KDaggeri
daggerZvjvi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgq daggerivMxi wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB daggerivMx ev
Zvi AwffveK `vuZ daggerZvjvi K_v iumlbDaggerj fq cvq| Zviv fvDaggere `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ ADaggerbK euml_v
jvMDaggere ev daggerPvDaggerLi daggereordfBDaggerbi hw` daggerKvb parawZ nq| Zviv Orthodontist daggerK `vuZ bv ZzDaggerj
wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml AbyDaggeriva KDaggeri _vDaggerK| wKšlsquo ZvDagger`i G mKj aviYv mcurrenuacute~Ycopy Ag~jK| `vuZ
ZzjDaggerj daggerPvDaggerLi ev daggereordfBDaggerbi daggerKvb parawZ nqbv| GKRb AwfAacute wPwKrmK ZvB KiDaggereb hv KiDaggerj
daggerivMxi wPwKrmv fvDaggerjvfvDaggere mcurrenuacutebœ nDaggere Ges daggerivMx I Zvi AwffveK mšlsquowoacute jvf KiDaggere| Avi
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM wbw copyoacute rsquovb fvDaggerjvfvDaggere Aek KDaggeri wbDaggerj Ges wPwKrmDaggerKi dagger`qv DcDagger`k `vuZ
daggerZvjvi w`b I cieZcopyx KDaggerqKw`b mwVKfvDaggere daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj `vuZ daggerZvjvi ci daggerivMxi daggerZgb daggerKvb
Amyweav nq bv ejDaggerjB PDaggerj|
52
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM
`vuZ daggerZvjvi cDaggeri
53
ADaggerbDaggerKB AvDaggerQb hviv ivDaggerZ NygvDaggerbvi AvDaggerM Ges mKvDaggerj bvmacrmdashv Lvevi ci `vuZ eordfvk
KDaggerib `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Kvj wejcurren^ bv KDaggeri `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggerib
`vuDaggerZi mymacrrsquoZvi Rbuml hv hv `iKvi Zviv Zv-B KDaggerib| GmeB nDaggerjv fvDaggerjv Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi
Rbuml LyeB DcKvix|
wKšlsquo Ggb wKQy Afumlvm AvDaggerQ hv gyL I `vuDaggerZi macr^vDaggermacrrsquoumli Rbuml LyeB parawZKi| Gme
e`AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi bvbv aiDaggerYi mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q| GB AfumlvmcedilDaggerjvi gDaggerauml Avfrac12yj
daggerPvlv wRnŸampv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv ev daggerVjv dagger`Iqv daggerKvb mgmumlv bv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI gyL w`Daggerq wbkbrvbarvm
daggerbqv daggerVvuU I bL KvgovDaggerbv AbumlZg|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK| evev gv hw` GUv daggerLqvj KDaggerib ZDaggere wkiumlDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere daggerh Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv Lvivc| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz nDaggerq hvq ADaggerbK mgq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bvI coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Open bite) bxDaggerPi
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daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZcedilDaggerjv msKzwPZ nDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK hZUzKz daggerXDaggerK ivLv
DwPZ Zv KDaggerg daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerbvi ci I hw` Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm bv KDaggerg ZDaggere wkiumli 2-3 eQi eqm
chcopyšmdash ADaggercparav KiDaggerZ nDaggere| ADaggerbK mgq 3 eQi eqDaggermi ci wkiumli GB Afumlvm PDaggerj hvq|
ZviciI hw` wkiuml G Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere GKRb AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12
civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| wPwKrmK `iKvi gDaggerb nDaggerj daggerKvb Appliance ev hšiquest w`Daggereb hv
wkiumlDaggerK GB Afumlvm `~i KiDaggerZ mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wkiumli hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK ZDaggere DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DPuy nDaggerq hvq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bv coDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerivMx gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri
wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq Avcbvi daggermvbvgwbi hw` Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml
parawZKi ZDaggere cOuml_DaggergB ZvDaggerK eySvb| ZvDaggerZ KvR bv nDaggerj Aemacrrsquov hvDaggerZ AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv
hvq daggermRbuml AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy Kisbquob|
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OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
56
CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
57
KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
59
GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
60
ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
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daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
39
daggerMR `vuZ(High Canine) DPz KZcopyb `vuZ t
AvgvDagger`i gyDaggerL eqm 5 eQi chcopyšmdash daggerh 20 wU `vuZ _vDaggerK Zvi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ
_vDaggerK| eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ 20wU `ya `vuZ hLb cDaggero wMDaggerq macrrsquovqx `vuZ DDaggerV ZLbI daggergvU
32wU `vuDaggerZi gDaggerauml 4wU KZcopyb `vuZ _vDaggerK| G KZcopyb `uvZcedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi 4wU daggerKvbvq AewmacrrsquoZ| ZvB
GDagger`iDaggerK Corner Stone of mouth eDaggerj| bvg iumlbDaggerjB daggerevSv hvq G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Lv`uml`ordfeumlDaggerK
KZcopyb KiDaggerZ Ges wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri| G `vuZ cedilDaggerjv ADaggerbK kwsup3kvjx| KviY G `vuDaggerZi
GbvDaggergDaggerji cyisbquoZiexcl Daggerewk Ges mvgDaggerbi 4wU `vuDaggerZi (Pecopyb `vuZ-Incisor tooth) ciciB
AewmacrrsquoZ| daggerKvb daggerKvb mgq wewfbœ KviY ekZt G `vuZcedilDaggerjv Zvi wbDaggerRi Aemacrrsquovb dagger_DaggerK wfbœ
AemacrrsquovDaggerb dagger`Lv hvq| hw` G `vuZcedilDaggerjv gvwoi gDaggerauml ev DcDaggerii w`DaggerK Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri ZLb ZvDaggerK
High Canine ev daggerMR `vuZ ejv nq| Avevi KLDaggerbv GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv Zvjyi w`K w`Daggerq DDaggerV|
ZLb GB AemacrrsquovDaggerK Palataly placed canine eDaggerj| Avevi KLDaggerbv I gvwo ev Zvjyi wfZDaggeri
G `vuZ Aemacrrsquovb KDaggeri| ZLb ZvDaggerK Impacted Canine ejv nq| GB `vuZ cedilDaggerjv gyDaggerLi gDaggerauml
AZxe Risbquoix PviwU `vuZ| GB `vuZ daggerhgb Lv`uml`ordfeuml KZcopyb I wQuoDaggerZ mvnvhuml KDaggeri cvkvcvwk
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daggerPvqvDaggerji bovPovDaggerK wbqšiquestY KDaggeri| GB `vuZDaggerK Beauty tooth I ejv nq| ZvB G `vuDaggerZi
mvwietimesfvDaggere webumlvm LyeB Risbquoix|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ daggerh KDaggerqKwU mgmumlv ZzDaggerj aiv nDaggerjv G mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi mgvavb LyeB Risbquoix|
hw` daggerKD GiKg daggerKvb mgmumlvq fyDaggerM _vDaggerKb ZDaggere AwfAacute Orthodontist -B nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
Avcbvi myrsaquo`i nvwm wdwiDaggerq dagger`qvi cig eUumlz|
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daggerVvuU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerki wkiumlDagger`i GKwU AbumlZg
mgmumlv| wewfbœ MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv wMDaggerqDaggerQ cOumlwZ 700 RDaggerb 1 Rb daggerVvuU KvUv Ges cOumlwZ 1000 RDaggerb
1 Rb wkiuml Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| daggerVvuU KvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggerQDaggerj wkiumlDagger`i Ges
ZvjyKvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggergDaggerq-wkiumlDagger`i gvDaggerS|
wewfbœ KviDaggerY wkiuml daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri _vDaggerK| kZKiv 25 fvM daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GUv eskMZ KviDaggerY nDaggerq _vDaggerK| hw` 1 Rb ZvjyKvUv daggerivMx 1 Rb mymacrrsquo gvbylDaggerK weDaggerq KDaggeri ZDaggere
ZvDagger`i ev‛Pvi ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kivi mcurrencentvebv kZKiv 2 fvM|
Mfcopyvemacrrsquovi cOuml_g fvDaggerM gv hw` daggerKvb fvBivj BbDaggerdKkDaggerb Avmicrovšmdash nq ev kvixwiKfvDaggere
AvNvZcOumlvszlig nq ev niDaggergvDaggerbi fvimvgumlnxbZvq fyDaggerM ev wfUvwgDaggerbi AfvDaggere fyDaggerM _vDaggerK ev
daggeriwWDaggerqkDaggerb GmiddotDaggercvR nq ev _umlvwjDaggerWvgvBW RvZxq Ilya MOumlnY KDaggeri ZDaggere wkiumli daggerVvuU ev
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| KvDaggerQi AvZyenxq macr^RDaggerbi gvDaggerS weDaggerq nDaggerjI wkiuml G mgmumlv
wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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DaggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq wkiuml RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerj cwieviDaggerK bvbv aiDaggerYi mvgvwRK I gvbwmK
mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ nq| wkiuml hLb GB mgmumlv wbDaggerq eo nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZLb daggermI gvbwmKfvDaggere
nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ _vDaggerK| G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ K_v
ejDaggerZ I iumlbDaggerZ mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| `vuDaggerZi mgmumlvi gDaggerauml hv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Zvi gDaggerauml AbumlZg
nDagger‛Q-wewfbœ `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKv `vuZ wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV gyDaggerLi Abuml daggerKvb RvqMvq
DVv evowZ wKQy `vuZ _vKv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb ksup3 bv nIqv `vuDaggerZi MVb myrsaquo`i bv nIqv
gvwoi wewfbœ mgmumlv `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPy-bxPz nIqv|
daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv daggerivMxDagger`i wPwKrmv weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmKDagger`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutev Qvov mcurrencente
bq| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Orthodontist Gi f~wgKv iumlisbquo nq ev‛Pvi RDaggerbyeni ci ciB| daggerhDaggernZz daggerVvuU I
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv nq daggermRbuml wkiumli RDaggerbyeni ci ciB
gyDaggerLi wfZi covi Rbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b daggerhb wkiumli daggerLDaggerZ
daggerKvb mgmumlv bv nq|
kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wkiumli 3-6 gvm eqDaggerm daggerVvuU I 1-2 eQi eqDaggerm Zvjy wVK KiDaggerZ
nDaggere GKRb AwfAacute kjuml wPwKrmK Oslashviv| kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg daggerVvuU I Zvjy wVK Kivi ci
wkiumli DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj hvDaggerZ msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GK aiDaggerYi
Appliance ev hšiquest bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b|
wkiumli Mixed dentition stage (6-12 eQi eqm) -G gyDaggerL daggerKvb AwZwisup3 `vuZ
_vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GQvov mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Cross bite _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuZ
AvuKv evKv _vKDaggerj ev Molar ev daggerclY `vDaggerZi Relation wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere Removable ev Fixed appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo
KiDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
me macrrsquovqx `vuZ PDaggerj Avmvi ci macrrsquovqxfvDaggere daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Kvgo (Occlusion
improve) wVK Kivi Rbuml Fixed ev Removable appliance w`Daggerq Orthodontist
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb Ges daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggereb|
GB mgDaggerq gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyDaggerK wVK Kivi Rbuml cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj Bony Graft Kiv daggerhDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| Gi dDaggerj Orthodontic treatment Gi daggerh djvdj ZvI Aparazbœ _vKDaggere|
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daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLvi ci Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere daggerivMxDaggerK
Permanent Retainer bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv daggerivMxDaggerK me mgq cDaggero _vKDaggerZ nDaggere|
Amacrlsaquovi weRqx DaggerRvqvDaggerKb wdwbmiddot RDaggerbyeni mgq daggerVvuU KvuUv wQj
daggerVvuU KuvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv daggerKvb Awfkvc bq| mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg
GDaggerK mvwiDaggerq daggerZvjv mcurrencente| `iKvi iumlay mevi mDaggerPZbZv Avi mwVK mgDaggerq weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri daggerm Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY Kiv|
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ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerKvb eqDaggerm iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ Zv AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKiB ARvbv|
ADaggerbK AwffveKB eySDaggerZ cvDaggerib bv wkiumli ADagger_copyvWbwUK mgmumlvi Rbuml daggerKvb eqDaggerm
Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| AAacutevbZvi Rbuml ev Abuml daggerKvb wOslashav-OslashDaggerrsaquo`i
KviDaggerY Zviv ADaggerbK mgqB ADaggerbK dagger`ix KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb wPwKrmvi
Rbuml| dDaggerj wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc wPwKrmvi eumlvwszligKvj daggereDaggero hvq| wKQyDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK
chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc
wPwKrmvi djvdj Avkvbyiƒc nq bv| KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv KZUv
Risbquoix| GLb Avwg ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi eqm mxgv wbDaggerq AvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri AvcbvDagger`i
wKQyUv nDaggerjI aviYv dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev Kie|
AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerk ADaggerbK wkiumlB daggerVvuU ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| Kzmsmacrlsaquoviv‛Qbœ
gvbyliv GDaggerK Awfkvc ev fvDaggerMumli wjLb gDaggerb KDaggeri nvZ cv cedilwUDaggerq eDaggerm _vDaggerK daggerKvb wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri bv| wKšlsquo gDaggerb ivLDaggereb daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumli
AwffveKDagger`i DwPZ RDaggerbyeni ci ciB GKRb AwfAacute Orhodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY Kiv|
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KviY G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i RDaggerbyeni ciB cOumlavb I cOuml_g daggerh mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q Zv nDaggerjv Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mgmumlv| Orthodontist Gmgq GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv wkiumlDaggerK Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml LyeB parawZKi GKwU Afumlvm|
mvaviYZ `yB dagger_DaggerK wZb eQi eqDaggermi gDaggerauml Avcbv Avcwb wkiuml G AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KDaggeri daggerdDaggerj|
wKšlsquo ZviciI hw` wkiuml AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere AwffveKDagger`i Gi parawZKi w`KwU
mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere Ges microgvMZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv PjDaggerZ _vKDaggerj wkiumlDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj G AfumlvmwU
`~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance) bullZwi KDaggeri w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib
hvDaggerZ KDaggeri fwelumlDaggerZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi KviDaggerY wkiumli `vuDaggerZi webumlvm AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv hvq|
mvaviYZ 5-6 eQi eqm dagger_DaggerK wkiumlDagger`i `ya `vuZ coDaggerZ iumlisbquo KDaggeri| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK mgq
dagger`Lv hvq AvNvZ RwbZ paraq RwbZ ev Abuml daggerKvb daggerivDaggerMi KviDaggerY wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya
`vuZ cDaggero hvq ev daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| `vuZ covi ci daggerh dvuKv RvqMvwU _vDaggerK daggerm RvqMvwU ZLb
`yB cvDaggerki `vuZ w`Daggerq eUuml nDaggerq hvq| dDaggerj rsquovqx `vuZ DVvi Rbuml chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv daggercDaggerq
Amacr^vfvweK daggerKvb RvqMvq `vuZ DDaggerV Ges `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi mcurrencentvebv daggereDaggero hvq| GB dvuKv
macrrsquovbwU hvDaggerZ cvDaggerki `vuZ Oslashviv eUuml bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl hšiquest bullZwi
KDaggeri w`Daggereb hvDaggerK Space maintainer eDaggerj| KvDaggerRB daggerKvb `ya`vuZ hw` Zvi wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi
AvDaggerM cDaggero hvq ZDaggere dagger`ix bv KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi mvDagger_ dagger`Lv Kisbquob|
ADaggerbK ev‛PvDagger`i dagger`Lv hvq DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj daggerewk evoDaggerQ ev hZUzKz evovi K_v
ZZUzKz evoDaggerQ bv| Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc evošmdash eqDaggerm (6-12) Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cOumlDaggerqvRb AbymvDaggeri Face
mask ev Chin cap eumlenvi KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb hv ev‛Pvi DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimesDaggerK
mwVK AmacrrsquovDaggerb wbDaggerZ mnvqZv KiDaggere|
DaggerVuvU I ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i daggerVvuU I Zvjy kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wVK
Kivi ci mwVK mgq Orthodontist Gmiddotcvbmb macrŒz (Expansion screw) ZvjyDaggerZ jvwMDaggerq
dagger`b hvDaggerZ DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq| G wkiumlDagger`i 8-10 eQi eqDaggerm bone
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grafting Kivi Rbuml kjuml wPwKrmKDaggerK cOumlDaggerqvRbxq civgkcopy I mnvqZv w`Daggerq _vDaggerKb
Orthodontist|
6-12 eQi eqDaggerm hLb wkiumli gyDaggerL `ya I macrrsquovqx Dfq cOumlKvi `vuZ we`umlgvb ZLb hw`
`vuDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo (Cross bite) daggerewk Kvgo (Deep bite) dagger`Lv hvq ZDaggere
Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRbxq eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggereb hvDaggerZ fwelumlDaggerZ KvgocedilDaggerjv AvDaggeriv Lvivc -Gi w`DaggerK
bv hvq|
`ya `vuZ me cDaggero hvevi ci I macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVvi ci AvuKv evuKv DuPz -bxPz `vuZ wVK
Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS Removable Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ
ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere) ev Fixed Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere bv) w`Daggerq
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb|
ADaggerbDaggerKiB gDaggerbB cOumlkœ _vDaggerK daggerh daggerewk eqDaggerm Orthodontic wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere wKbv|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuZ nvo I GDagger`i mvDagger_ mcurrenuacuteKcopyhysup3 structure cedilDaggerjv fvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZDaggere daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv Kiv mcurrencente|
cOumlvszlig eqDaggerm hw` DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj hw` Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes daggercDaggerq _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv
wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj kjuml wPwKrmvi Oslashvimacrrsquo nDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi mdjZv wbfcopyi KDaggeri wPwKrmDaggerKi AwfAacuteZv daggerivMx I Zvi
AwffveDaggerKi mnDaggerhvwMZv I mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi Dci|
gDaggerb ivLDaggereb mgDaggerqi GK daggerdvuo AmgDaggerqi `k daggerdvuo| mwVK mgDaggerq mwVK KvRwU KiDaggerj
Avcwb daggerh djvdj cvDaggereb dagger`ix KDaggeri KvRwU KiDaggerj daggermB djvdj Avcwb bvI daggercDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
Avcbvi daggerKvb wbKURDaggerbi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj mwVK mgDaggerq Orthodontist
Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggerZ fyjDaggereb bv daggerhb|
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Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Dci Bracket
ev Brace covDaggerbv _vDaggerK| Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq
Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv wbDagger`kcopyvejx wVKgZ daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj wPwKrmv cieZcopyx RwUjZv dagger`Lv
dagger`evi mcurrencentvebv LyeB Kg|
Fixed Orthodontic treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq gyL I `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZ weDaggerkl hZœ wbDaggerZ
nDaggere| daggerhme welDaggerqi Dci daggerewk daggerewk bRi ivLDaggerZ nDaggere Zv bxDaggerP dagger`qv nDaggerjvt
1 daggerhw`b daggerivMxi gyDaggerL Bracket emvDaggerbv nDaggere Zvici dagger_DaggerK 24 NrsaquoUv chcopyšmdash ksup3 Lvevi
LvIqv DwPZ bq| GDaggerZ Bracket LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| H 24 NrsaquoUv Lye daggerRvDaggeri daggerRvDaggeri `vuZ
eordfvk Kiv I DwPZ bq| daggerivMx Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv civgkcopy Abyhvqx `vuZ eordfvk
KiDaggere I macr^vfvweK Lvevi LvDaggere|
2 Bracket covDaggerbvi 2-3 w`b chcopyšmdash daggerivMxi GKUz Amacr^wmacrmdash nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GDaggerZ fDaggerqi wKQy
daggerbB| gyDaggerL bZzb wKQy wRwbm emvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2-3 w`b ci Zv AfumlvDaggerm cwiYZ nDaggerq
hvDaggere|
3 cOumlwZevi Lvevi LvIqvi ci AekumlB `vuZ fvDaggerjvfvDaggere eordfvk KiDaggerZ nDaggere| mKvDaggerj I ivDaggerZ
daggerdnotvivBW hysup3 Uz_Daggercdivide w`Daggerq `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggere| Abumlvbuml mgq Uz_ daggercoacute Qvov eordfvk KiDaggerjI
PjDaggere|
4 cOumlwZ wZb (3) gvm ci ci Uz_eordfvk e`j KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Uz_eordfvDaggerki weordfmampjcedilDaggerjv daggerhb big
(Medium soft) nq Zv daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
5 Bracket ev appliance -Gi Dci bxDaggerP 45 daggerKvDaggerY eordfvk aDaggeri `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
6 Lye daggerRvDaggeri Pvc w`Daggerq eordfvk Kiv hvDaggere bv| GDaggerZ KDaggeri Appliance LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
7 `vuDaggerZi daggerh cvDaggerk Appliance AvDaggerQ daggermB cvDaggerk Appliance -Gi Dci AvjDaggerZvfvDaggere
NywiDaggerq NywiDaggerq eordfvk KDaggeri `vuZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| `vuDaggerZi Abumlvbuml cvkcedilDaggerjvI daggerhb
fvDaggerjvfvDaggere cwireglsaquovi Kiv nq daggermw`DaggerK daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
48
8 cOumlwZevi Lvevi Gi ci eordfvk Kiv mcurrencente bv nDaggerj LyefvDaggerjv KDaggeri KzjKzwP KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
9 `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerSi gqjv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Dental Floss eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
DaggerKvb KvwV ev myuB w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerLvPvDaggerbv hvDaggere bv|
10 wRnŸv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Tongue Cleanser eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
11 cOumlDaggerqvRDaggerb fvDaggerjv Mouth Wash eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere ZDaggerewPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy
Abyhvqx|
12 `vuDaggerZi gvwo Avfrac12yj w`Daggerq Massage Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
13 daggerKvb appliance daggerfDaggerfrac12 daggerMDaggerj ev LyDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ev Appliance Gi KviDaggerY gyDaggerL daggerKvb
mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj dagger`ix bv KDaggeri mDaggerfrac12 mDaggerfrac12 Orthondontist-Gi civgkcopy wbDaggerZ nDaggere|
14 wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq ksup3 Lvevi (nvo AvL) LvIqv cwinvi KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
15 AvVvDaggerjv RvZxq Lvevi (PzBs Mvg) LvIqv ev` w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
16 daggercqviv AvDaggercj ev daggerh daggerKvb ksup3 Lvevi Kvgo w`Daggerq bv daggerLDaggerq daggerQvU daggerQvU UzKiv KDaggeri
daggerLDaggerZ nDaggere|
17 Orthodontist DaggerhfvDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK AvmDaggerZ ejDaggereb (1gvm ci ci) AekumlB Zv cvjb
KiDaggerZ nDaggere| bv nDaggerj daggerivMxi wPwKrmv daggerkl nDaggerZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi daggerewk jvMDaggere|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbPz `vuZ wVK Kivi Rbuml daggerhgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Oslashviv mwVK wPwKrmv daggerZgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerivMx Ges daggerivMxi AwffveDaggerKi
mnDaggerhvwMZv Ges Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy Abyhvqx Pjv| ZDaggereB DaggerivMx wPwKrmv DaggerkDaggerl cvDaggere
KvwldquoparaZ myrsaquo`i `vuZ|
49
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
50
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ dnotwms
51
daggerQvAElig GKwU evMvDaggerb hw` ADaggerbKcedilDaggerjv MvQ daggereDaggero DVDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZDaggere ADaggerbK MvDaggerQi macr^vfvweK ebdquowtimes
weboacute nq Ges evMvbwU wKQyw`b ci Nb Rfrac12Daggerj cwiYZ nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK| ZLb hw` daggermLvb
dagger_DaggerK wKQy MvQ daggerKDaggerU daggerdjv nq ZDaggere evMvbwUi evKxMvQcedilDaggerjv iparav daggercDaggerq macr^vfvweKfvDaggere daggereDaggero
DVDaggere|
daggerZgwb gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerh cwigvY RvqMv AvDaggerQ Zvi daggerPDaggerq hw` `vuDaggerZi msLumlv daggerewk wKsev
`vuZ Lye daggerekx AvuKv evKv DuPz `uvZ _vKDaggerj ZDaggere Zv wVK KDaggeri `vuZDaggerK mywebumlvmacrmdash myrsaquo`i KDaggeri
daggerZvjvi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgq daggerivMxi wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB daggerivMx ev
Zvi AwffveK `vuZ daggerZvjvi K_v iumlbDaggerj fq cvq| Zviv fvDaggere `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ ADaggerbK euml_v
jvMDaggere ev daggerPvDaggerLi daggereordfBDaggerbi hw` daggerKvb parawZ nq| Zviv Orthodontist daggerK `vuZ bv ZzDaggerj
wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml AbyDaggeriva KDaggeri _vDaggerK| wKšlsquo ZvDagger`i G mKj aviYv mcurrenuacute~Ycopy Ag~jK| `vuZ
ZzjDaggerj daggerPvDaggerLi ev daggereordfBDaggerbi daggerKvb parawZ nqbv| GKRb AwfAacute wPwKrmK ZvB KiDaggereb hv KiDaggerj
daggerivMxi wPwKrmv fvDaggerjvfvDaggere mcurrenuacutebœ nDaggere Ges daggerivMx I Zvi AwffveK mšlsquowoacute jvf KiDaggere| Avi
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM wbw copyoacute rsquovb fvDaggerjvfvDaggere Aek KDaggeri wbDaggerj Ges wPwKrmDaggerKi dagger`qv DcDagger`k `vuZ
daggerZvjvi w`b I cieZcopyx KDaggerqKw`b mwVKfvDaggere daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj `vuZ daggerZvjvi ci daggerivMxi daggerZgb daggerKvb
Amyweav nq bv ejDaggerjB PDaggerj|
52
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM
`vuZ daggerZvjvi cDaggeri
53
ADaggerbDaggerKB AvDaggerQb hviv ivDaggerZ NygvDaggerbvi AvDaggerM Ges mKvDaggerj bvmacrmdashv Lvevi ci `vuZ eordfvk
KDaggerib `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Kvj wejcurren^ bv KDaggeri `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggerib
`vuDaggerZi mymacrrsquoZvi Rbuml hv hv `iKvi Zviv Zv-B KDaggerib| GmeB nDaggerjv fvDaggerjv Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi
Rbuml LyeB DcKvix|
wKšlsquo Ggb wKQy Afumlvm AvDaggerQ hv gyL I `vuDaggerZi macr^vDaggermacrrsquoumli Rbuml LyeB parawZKi| Gme
e`AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi bvbv aiDaggerYi mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q| GB AfumlvmcedilDaggerjvi gDaggerauml Avfrac12yj
daggerPvlv wRnŸampv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv ev daggerVjv dagger`Iqv daggerKvb mgmumlv bv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI gyL w`Daggerq wbkbrvbarvm
daggerbqv daggerVvuU I bL KvgovDaggerbv AbumlZg|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK| evev gv hw` GUv daggerLqvj KDaggerib ZDaggere wkiumlDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere daggerh Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv Lvivc| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz nDaggerq hvq ADaggerbK mgq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bvI coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Open bite) bxDaggerPi
54
daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZcedilDaggerjv msKzwPZ nDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK hZUzKz daggerXDaggerK ivLv
DwPZ Zv KDaggerg daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerbvi ci I hw` Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm bv KDaggerg ZDaggere wkiumli 2-3 eQi eqm
chcopyšmdash ADaggercparav KiDaggerZ nDaggere| ADaggerbK mgq 3 eQi eqDaggermi ci wkiumli GB Afumlvm PDaggerj hvq|
ZviciI hw` wkiuml G Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere GKRb AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12
civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| wPwKrmK `iKvi gDaggerb nDaggerj daggerKvb Appliance ev hšiquest w`Daggereb hv
wkiumlDaggerK GB Afumlvm `~i KiDaggerZ mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wkiumli hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK ZDaggere DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DPuy nDaggerq hvq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bv coDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerivMx gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri
wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq Avcbvi daggermvbvgwbi hw` Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml
parawZKi ZDaggere cOuml_DaggergB ZvDaggerK eySvb| ZvDaggerZ KvR bv nDaggerj Aemacrrsquov hvDaggerZ AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv
hvq daggermRbuml AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy Kisbquob|
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55
OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
56
CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
57
KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
59
GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
60
ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
61
daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
40
daggerPvqvDaggerji bovPovDaggerK wbqšiquestY KDaggeri| GB `vuZDaggerK Beauty tooth I ejv nq| ZvB G `vuDaggerZi
mvwietimesfvDaggere webumlvm LyeB Risbquoix|
DcDaggeri ewYcopyZ daggerh KDaggerqKwU mgmumlv ZzDaggerj aiv nDaggerjv G mgmumlvcedilDaggerjvi mgvavb LyeB Risbquoix|
hw` daggerKD GiKg daggerKvb mgmumlvq fyDaggerM _vDaggerKb ZDaggere AwfAacute Orthodontist -B nDaggerZ cvDaggeri
Avcbvi myrsaquo`i nvwm wdwiDaggerq dagger`qvi cig eUumlz|
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daggerVvuU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerki wkiumlDagger`i GKwU AbumlZg
mgmumlv| wewfbœ MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv wMDaggerqDaggerQ cOumlwZ 700 RDaggerb 1 Rb daggerVvuU KvUv Ges cOumlwZ 1000 RDaggerb
1 Rb wkiuml Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| daggerVvuU KvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggerQDaggerj wkiumlDagger`i Ges
ZvjyKvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggergDaggerq-wkiumlDagger`i gvDaggerS|
wewfbœ KviDaggerY wkiuml daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri _vDaggerK| kZKiv 25 fvM daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GUv eskMZ KviDaggerY nDaggerq _vDaggerK| hw` 1 Rb ZvjyKvUv daggerivMx 1 Rb mymacrrsquo gvbylDaggerK weDaggerq KDaggeri ZDaggere
ZvDagger`i ev‛Pvi ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kivi mcurrencentvebv kZKiv 2 fvM|
Mfcopyvemacrrsquovi cOuml_g fvDaggerM gv hw` daggerKvb fvBivj BbDaggerdKkDaggerb Avmicrovšmdash nq ev kvixwiKfvDaggere
AvNvZcOumlvszlig nq ev niDaggergvDaggerbi fvimvgumlnxbZvq fyDaggerM ev wfUvwgDaggerbi AfvDaggere fyDaggerM _vDaggerK ev
daggeriwWDaggerqkDaggerb GmiddotDaggercvR nq ev _umlvwjDaggerWvgvBW RvZxq Ilya MOumlnY KDaggeri ZDaggere wkiumli daggerVvuU ev
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| KvDaggerQi AvZyenxq macr^RDaggerbi gvDaggerS weDaggerq nDaggerjI wkiuml G mgmumlv
wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
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DaggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq wkiuml RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerj cwieviDaggerK bvbv aiDaggerYi mvgvwRK I gvbwmK
mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ nq| wkiuml hLb GB mgmumlv wbDaggerq eo nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZLb daggermI gvbwmKfvDaggere
nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ _vDaggerK| G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ K_v
ejDaggerZ I iumlbDaggerZ mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| `vuDaggerZi mgmumlvi gDaggerauml hv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Zvi gDaggerauml AbumlZg
nDagger‛Q-wewfbœ `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKv `vuZ wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV gyDaggerLi Abuml daggerKvb RvqMvq
DVv evowZ wKQy `vuZ _vKv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb ksup3 bv nIqv `vuDaggerZi MVb myrsaquo`i bv nIqv
gvwoi wewfbœ mgmumlv `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPy-bxPz nIqv|
daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv daggerivMxDagger`i wPwKrmv weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmKDagger`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutev Qvov mcurrencente
bq| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Orthodontist Gi f~wgKv iumlisbquo nq ev‛Pvi RDaggerbyeni ci ciB| daggerhDaggernZz daggerVvuU I
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv nq daggermRbuml wkiumli RDaggerbyeni ci ciB
gyDaggerLi wfZi covi Rbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b daggerhb wkiumli daggerLDaggerZ
daggerKvb mgmumlv bv nq|
kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wkiumli 3-6 gvm eqDaggerm daggerVvuU I 1-2 eQi eqDaggerm Zvjy wVK KiDaggerZ
nDaggere GKRb AwfAacute kjuml wPwKrmK Oslashviv| kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg daggerVvuU I Zvjy wVK Kivi ci
wkiumli DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj hvDaggerZ msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GK aiDaggerYi
Appliance ev hšiquest bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b|
wkiumli Mixed dentition stage (6-12 eQi eqm) -G gyDaggerL daggerKvb AwZwisup3 `vuZ
_vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GQvov mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Cross bite _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuZ
AvuKv evKv _vKDaggerj ev Molar ev daggerclY `vDaggerZi Relation wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere Removable ev Fixed appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo
KiDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
me macrrsquovqx `vuZ PDaggerj Avmvi ci macrrsquovqxfvDaggere daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Kvgo (Occlusion
improve) wVK Kivi Rbuml Fixed ev Removable appliance w`Daggerq Orthodontist
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb Ges daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggereb|
GB mgDaggerq gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyDaggerK wVK Kivi Rbuml cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj Bony Graft Kiv daggerhDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| Gi dDaggerj Orthodontic treatment Gi daggerh djvdj ZvI Aparazbœ _vKDaggere|
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daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLvi ci Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere daggerivMxDaggerK
Permanent Retainer bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv daggerivMxDaggerK me mgq cDaggero _vKDaggerZ nDaggere|
Amacrlsaquovi weRqx DaggerRvqvDaggerKb wdwbmiddot RDaggerbyeni mgq daggerVvuU KvuUv wQj
daggerVvuU KuvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv daggerKvb Awfkvc bq| mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg
GDaggerK mvwiDaggerq daggerZvjv mcurrencente| `iKvi iumlay mevi mDaggerPZbZv Avi mwVK mgDaggerq weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri daggerm Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY Kiv|
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ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerKvb eqDaggerm iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ Zv AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKiB ARvbv|
ADaggerbK AwffveKB eySDaggerZ cvDaggerib bv wkiumli ADagger_copyvWbwUK mgmumlvi Rbuml daggerKvb eqDaggerm
Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| AAacutevbZvi Rbuml ev Abuml daggerKvb wOslashav-OslashDaggerrsaquo`i
KviDaggerY Zviv ADaggerbK mgqB ADaggerbK dagger`ix KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb wPwKrmvi
Rbuml| dDaggerj wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc wPwKrmvi eumlvwszligKvj daggereDaggero hvq| wKQyDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK
chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc
wPwKrmvi djvdj Avkvbyiƒc nq bv| KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv KZUv
Risbquoix| GLb Avwg ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi eqm mxgv wbDaggerq AvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri AvcbvDagger`i
wKQyUv nDaggerjI aviYv dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev Kie|
AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerk ADaggerbK wkiumlB daggerVvuU ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| Kzmsmacrlsaquoviv‛Qbœ
gvbyliv GDaggerK Awfkvc ev fvDaggerMumli wjLb gDaggerb KDaggeri nvZ cv cedilwUDaggerq eDaggerm _vDaggerK daggerKvb wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri bv| wKšlsquo gDaggerb ivLDaggereb daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumli
AwffveKDagger`i DwPZ RDaggerbyeni ci ciB GKRb AwfAacute Orhodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY Kiv|
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KviY G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i RDaggerbyeni ciB cOumlavb I cOuml_g daggerh mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q Zv nDaggerjv Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mgmumlv| Orthodontist Gmgq GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv wkiumlDaggerK Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml LyeB parawZKi GKwU Afumlvm|
mvaviYZ `yB dagger_DaggerK wZb eQi eqDaggermi gDaggerauml Avcbv Avcwb wkiuml G AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KDaggeri daggerdDaggerj|
wKšlsquo ZviciI hw` wkiuml AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere AwffveKDagger`i Gi parawZKi w`KwU
mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere Ges microgvMZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv PjDaggerZ _vKDaggerj wkiumlDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj G AfumlvmwU
`~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance) bullZwi KDaggeri w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib
hvDaggerZ KDaggeri fwelumlDaggerZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi KviDaggerY wkiumli `vuDaggerZi webumlvm AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv hvq|
mvaviYZ 5-6 eQi eqm dagger_DaggerK wkiumlDagger`i `ya `vuZ coDaggerZ iumlisbquo KDaggeri| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK mgq
dagger`Lv hvq AvNvZ RwbZ paraq RwbZ ev Abuml daggerKvb daggerivDaggerMi KviDaggerY wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya
`vuZ cDaggero hvq ev daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| `vuZ covi ci daggerh dvuKv RvqMvwU _vDaggerK daggerm RvqMvwU ZLb
`yB cvDaggerki `vuZ w`Daggerq eUuml nDaggerq hvq| dDaggerj rsquovqx `vuZ DVvi Rbuml chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv daggercDaggerq
Amacr^vfvweK daggerKvb RvqMvq `vuZ DDaggerV Ges `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi mcurrencentvebv daggereDaggero hvq| GB dvuKv
macrrsquovbwU hvDaggerZ cvDaggerki `vuZ Oslashviv eUuml bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl hšiquest bullZwi
KDaggeri w`Daggereb hvDaggerK Space maintainer eDaggerj| KvDaggerRB daggerKvb `ya`vuZ hw` Zvi wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi
AvDaggerM cDaggero hvq ZDaggere dagger`ix bv KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi mvDagger_ dagger`Lv Kisbquob|
ADaggerbK ev‛PvDagger`i dagger`Lv hvq DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj daggerewk evoDaggerQ ev hZUzKz evovi K_v
ZZUzKz evoDaggerQ bv| Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc evošmdash eqDaggerm (6-12) Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cOumlDaggerqvRb AbymvDaggeri Face
mask ev Chin cap eumlenvi KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb hv ev‛Pvi DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimesDaggerK
mwVK AmacrrsquovDaggerb wbDaggerZ mnvqZv KiDaggere|
DaggerVuvU I ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i daggerVvuU I Zvjy kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wVK
Kivi ci mwVK mgq Orthodontist Gmiddotcvbmb macrŒz (Expansion screw) ZvjyDaggerZ jvwMDaggerq
dagger`b hvDaggerZ DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq| G wkiumlDagger`i 8-10 eQi eqDaggerm bone
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grafting Kivi Rbuml kjuml wPwKrmKDaggerK cOumlDaggerqvRbxq civgkcopy I mnvqZv w`Daggerq _vDaggerKb
Orthodontist|
6-12 eQi eqDaggerm hLb wkiumli gyDaggerL `ya I macrrsquovqx Dfq cOumlKvi `vuZ we`umlgvb ZLb hw`
`vuDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo (Cross bite) daggerewk Kvgo (Deep bite) dagger`Lv hvq ZDaggere
Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRbxq eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggereb hvDaggerZ fwelumlDaggerZ KvgocedilDaggerjv AvDaggeriv Lvivc -Gi w`DaggerK
bv hvq|
`ya `vuZ me cDaggero hvevi ci I macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVvi ci AvuKv evuKv DuPz -bxPz `vuZ wVK
Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS Removable Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ
ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere) ev Fixed Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere bv) w`Daggerq
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb|
ADaggerbDaggerKiB gDaggerbB cOumlkœ _vDaggerK daggerh daggerewk eqDaggerm Orthodontic wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere wKbv|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuZ nvo I GDagger`i mvDagger_ mcurrenuacuteKcopyhysup3 structure cedilDaggerjv fvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZDaggere daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv Kiv mcurrencente|
cOumlvszlig eqDaggerm hw` DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj hw` Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes daggercDaggerq _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv
wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj kjuml wPwKrmvi Oslashvimacrrsquo nDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi mdjZv wbfcopyi KDaggeri wPwKrmDaggerKi AwfAacuteZv daggerivMx I Zvi
AwffveDaggerKi mnDaggerhvwMZv I mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi Dci|
gDaggerb ivLDaggereb mgDaggerqi GK daggerdvuo AmgDaggerqi `k daggerdvuo| mwVK mgDaggerq mwVK KvRwU KiDaggerj
Avcwb daggerh djvdj cvDaggereb dagger`ix KDaggeri KvRwU KiDaggerj daggermB djvdj Avcwb bvI daggercDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
Avcbvi daggerKvb wbKURDaggerbi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj mwVK mgDaggerq Orthodontist
Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggerZ fyjDaggereb bv daggerhb|
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Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Dci Bracket
ev Brace covDaggerbv _vDaggerK| Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq
Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv wbDagger`kcopyvejx wVKgZ daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj wPwKrmv cieZcopyx RwUjZv dagger`Lv
dagger`evi mcurrencentvebv LyeB Kg|
Fixed Orthodontic treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq gyL I `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZ weDaggerkl hZœ wbDaggerZ
nDaggere| daggerhme welDaggerqi Dci daggerewk daggerewk bRi ivLDaggerZ nDaggere Zv bxDaggerP dagger`qv nDaggerjvt
1 daggerhw`b daggerivMxi gyDaggerL Bracket emvDaggerbv nDaggere Zvici dagger_DaggerK 24 NrsaquoUv chcopyšmdash ksup3 Lvevi
LvIqv DwPZ bq| GDaggerZ Bracket LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| H 24 NrsaquoUv Lye daggerRvDaggeri daggerRvDaggeri `vuZ
eordfvk Kiv I DwPZ bq| daggerivMx Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv civgkcopy Abyhvqx `vuZ eordfvk
KiDaggere I macr^vfvweK Lvevi LvDaggere|
2 Bracket covDaggerbvi 2-3 w`b chcopyšmdash daggerivMxi GKUz Amacr^wmacrmdash nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GDaggerZ fDaggerqi wKQy
daggerbB| gyDaggerL bZzb wKQy wRwbm emvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2-3 w`b ci Zv AfumlvDaggerm cwiYZ nDaggerq
hvDaggere|
3 cOumlwZevi Lvevi LvIqvi ci AekumlB `vuZ fvDaggerjvfvDaggere eordfvk KiDaggerZ nDaggere| mKvDaggerj I ivDaggerZ
daggerdnotvivBW hysup3 Uz_Daggercdivide w`Daggerq `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggere| Abumlvbuml mgq Uz_ daggercoacute Qvov eordfvk KiDaggerjI
PjDaggere|
4 cOumlwZ wZb (3) gvm ci ci Uz_eordfvk e`j KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Uz_eordfvDaggerki weordfmampjcedilDaggerjv daggerhb big
(Medium soft) nq Zv daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
5 Bracket ev appliance -Gi Dci bxDaggerP 45 daggerKvDaggerY eordfvk aDaggeri `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
6 Lye daggerRvDaggeri Pvc w`Daggerq eordfvk Kiv hvDaggere bv| GDaggerZ KDaggeri Appliance LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
7 `vuDaggerZi daggerh cvDaggerk Appliance AvDaggerQ daggermB cvDaggerk Appliance -Gi Dci AvjDaggerZvfvDaggere
NywiDaggerq NywiDaggerq eordfvk KDaggeri `vuZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| `vuDaggerZi Abumlvbuml cvkcedilDaggerjvI daggerhb
fvDaggerjvfvDaggere cwireglsaquovi Kiv nq daggermw`DaggerK daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
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8 cOumlwZevi Lvevi Gi ci eordfvk Kiv mcurrencente bv nDaggerj LyefvDaggerjv KDaggeri KzjKzwP KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
9 `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerSi gqjv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Dental Floss eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
DaggerKvb KvwV ev myuB w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerLvPvDaggerbv hvDaggere bv|
10 wRnŸv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Tongue Cleanser eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
11 cOumlDaggerqvRDaggerb fvDaggerjv Mouth Wash eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere ZDaggerewPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy
Abyhvqx|
12 `vuDaggerZi gvwo Avfrac12yj w`Daggerq Massage Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
13 daggerKvb appliance daggerfDaggerfrac12 daggerMDaggerj ev LyDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ev Appliance Gi KviDaggerY gyDaggerL daggerKvb
mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj dagger`ix bv KDaggeri mDaggerfrac12 mDaggerfrac12 Orthondontist-Gi civgkcopy wbDaggerZ nDaggere|
14 wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq ksup3 Lvevi (nvo AvL) LvIqv cwinvi KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
15 AvVvDaggerjv RvZxq Lvevi (PzBs Mvg) LvIqv ev` w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
16 daggercqviv AvDaggercj ev daggerh daggerKvb ksup3 Lvevi Kvgo w`Daggerq bv daggerLDaggerq daggerQvU daggerQvU UzKiv KDaggeri
daggerLDaggerZ nDaggere|
17 Orthodontist DaggerhfvDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK AvmDaggerZ ejDaggereb (1gvm ci ci) AekumlB Zv cvjb
KiDaggerZ nDaggere| bv nDaggerj daggerivMxi wPwKrmv daggerkl nDaggerZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi daggerewk jvMDaggere|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbPz `vuZ wVK Kivi Rbuml daggerhgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Oslashviv mwVK wPwKrmv daggerZgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerivMx Ges daggerivMxi AwffveDaggerKi
mnDaggerhvwMZv Ges Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy Abyhvqx Pjv| ZDaggereB DaggerivMx wPwKrmv DaggerkDaggerl cvDaggere
KvwldquoparaZ myrsaquo`i `vuZ|
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mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
50
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ dnotwms
51
daggerQvAElig GKwU evMvDaggerb hw` ADaggerbKcedilDaggerjv MvQ daggereDaggero DVDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZDaggere ADaggerbK MvDaggerQi macr^vfvweK ebdquowtimes
weboacute nq Ges evMvbwU wKQyw`b ci Nb Rfrac12Daggerj cwiYZ nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK| ZLb hw` daggermLvb
dagger_DaggerK wKQy MvQ daggerKDaggerU daggerdjv nq ZDaggere evMvbwUi evKxMvQcedilDaggerjv iparav daggercDaggerq macr^vfvweKfvDaggere daggereDaggero
DVDaggere|
daggerZgwb gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerh cwigvY RvqMv AvDaggerQ Zvi daggerPDaggerq hw` `vuDaggerZi msLumlv daggerewk wKsev
`vuZ Lye daggerekx AvuKv evKv DuPz `uvZ _vKDaggerj ZDaggere Zv wVK KDaggeri `vuZDaggerK mywebumlvmacrmdash myrsaquo`i KDaggeri
daggerZvjvi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgq daggerivMxi wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB daggerivMx ev
Zvi AwffveK `vuZ daggerZvjvi K_v iumlbDaggerj fq cvq| Zviv fvDaggere `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ ADaggerbK euml_v
jvMDaggere ev daggerPvDaggerLi daggereordfBDaggerbi hw` daggerKvb parawZ nq| Zviv Orthodontist daggerK `vuZ bv ZzDaggerj
wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml AbyDaggeriva KDaggeri _vDaggerK| wKšlsquo ZvDagger`i G mKj aviYv mcurrenuacute~Ycopy Ag~jK| `vuZ
ZzjDaggerj daggerPvDaggerLi ev daggereordfBDaggerbi daggerKvb parawZ nqbv| GKRb AwfAacute wPwKrmK ZvB KiDaggereb hv KiDaggerj
daggerivMxi wPwKrmv fvDaggerjvfvDaggere mcurrenuacutebœ nDaggere Ges daggerivMx I Zvi AwffveK mšlsquowoacute jvf KiDaggere| Avi
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM wbw copyoacute rsquovb fvDaggerjvfvDaggere Aek KDaggeri wbDaggerj Ges wPwKrmDaggerKi dagger`qv DcDagger`k `vuZ
daggerZvjvi w`b I cieZcopyx KDaggerqKw`b mwVKfvDaggere daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj `vuZ daggerZvjvi ci daggerivMxi daggerZgb daggerKvb
Amyweav nq bv ejDaggerjB PDaggerj|
52
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM
`vuZ daggerZvjvi cDaggeri
53
ADaggerbDaggerKB AvDaggerQb hviv ivDaggerZ NygvDaggerbvi AvDaggerM Ges mKvDaggerj bvmacrmdashv Lvevi ci `vuZ eordfvk
KDaggerib `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Kvj wejcurren^ bv KDaggeri `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggerib
`vuDaggerZi mymacrrsquoZvi Rbuml hv hv `iKvi Zviv Zv-B KDaggerib| GmeB nDaggerjv fvDaggerjv Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi
Rbuml LyeB DcKvix|
wKšlsquo Ggb wKQy Afumlvm AvDaggerQ hv gyL I `vuDaggerZi macr^vDaggermacrrsquoumli Rbuml LyeB parawZKi| Gme
e`AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi bvbv aiDaggerYi mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q| GB AfumlvmcedilDaggerjvi gDaggerauml Avfrac12yj
daggerPvlv wRnŸampv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv ev daggerVjv dagger`Iqv daggerKvb mgmumlv bv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI gyL w`Daggerq wbkbrvbarvm
daggerbqv daggerVvuU I bL KvgovDaggerbv AbumlZg|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK| evev gv hw` GUv daggerLqvj KDaggerib ZDaggere wkiumlDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere daggerh Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv Lvivc| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz nDaggerq hvq ADaggerbK mgq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bvI coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Open bite) bxDaggerPi
54
daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZcedilDaggerjv msKzwPZ nDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK hZUzKz daggerXDaggerK ivLv
DwPZ Zv KDaggerg daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerbvi ci I hw` Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm bv KDaggerg ZDaggere wkiumli 2-3 eQi eqm
chcopyšmdash ADaggercparav KiDaggerZ nDaggere| ADaggerbK mgq 3 eQi eqDaggermi ci wkiumli GB Afumlvm PDaggerj hvq|
ZviciI hw` wkiuml G Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere GKRb AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12
civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| wPwKrmK `iKvi gDaggerb nDaggerj daggerKvb Appliance ev hšiquest w`Daggereb hv
wkiumlDaggerK GB Afumlvm `~i KiDaggerZ mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wkiumli hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK ZDaggere DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DPuy nDaggerq hvq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bv coDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerivMx gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri
wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq Avcbvi daggermvbvgwbi hw` Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml
parawZKi ZDaggere cOuml_DaggergB ZvDaggerK eySvb| ZvDaggerZ KvR bv nDaggerj Aemacrrsquov hvDaggerZ AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv
hvq daggermRbuml AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy Kisbquob|
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OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
56
CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
57
KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
59
GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
60
ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
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daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
41
daggerVvuU KvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerki wkiumlDagger`i GKwU AbumlZg
mgmumlv| wewfbœ MDaggerelYvq dagger`Lv wMDaggerqDaggerQ cOumlwZ 700 RDaggerb 1 Rb daggerVvuU KvUv Ges cOumlwZ 1000 RDaggerb
1 Rb wkiuml Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| daggerVvuU KvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggerQDaggerj wkiumlDagger`i Ges
ZvjyKvUv daggerewk dagger`Lv hvq daggergDaggerq-wkiumlDagger`i gvDaggerS|
wewfbœ KviDaggerY wkiuml daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri _vDaggerK| kZKiv 25 fvM daggerparaDaggerIcirc
GUv eskMZ KviDaggerY nDaggerq _vDaggerK| hw` 1 Rb ZvjyKvUv daggerivMx 1 Rb mymacrrsquo gvbylDaggerK weDaggerq KDaggeri ZDaggere
ZvDagger`i ev‛Pvi ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kivi mcurrencentvebv kZKiv 2 fvM|
Mfcopyvemacrrsquovi cOuml_g fvDaggerM gv hw` daggerKvb fvBivj BbDaggerdKkDaggerb Avmicrovšmdash nq ev kvixwiKfvDaggere
AvNvZcOumlvszlig nq ev niDaggergvDaggerbi fvimvgumlnxbZvq fyDaggerM ev wfUvwgDaggerbi AfvDaggere fyDaggerM _vDaggerK ev
daggeriwWDaggerqkDaggerb GmiddotDaggercvR nq ev _umlvwjDaggerWvgvBW RvZxq Ilya MOumlnY KDaggeri ZDaggere wkiumli daggerVvuU ev
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri| KvDaggerQi AvZyenxq macr^RDaggerbi gvDaggerS weDaggerq nDaggerjI wkiuml G mgmumlv
wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
42
DaggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq wkiuml RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerj cwieviDaggerK bvbv aiDaggerYi mvgvwRK I gvbwmK
mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ nq| wkiuml hLb GB mgmumlv wbDaggerq eo nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZLb daggermI gvbwmKfvDaggere
nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ _vDaggerK| G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ K_v
ejDaggerZ I iumlbDaggerZ mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| `vuDaggerZi mgmumlvi gDaggerauml hv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Zvi gDaggerauml AbumlZg
nDagger‛Q-wewfbœ `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKv `vuZ wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV gyDaggerLi Abuml daggerKvb RvqMvq
DVv evowZ wKQy `vuZ _vKv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb ksup3 bv nIqv `vuDaggerZi MVb myrsaquo`i bv nIqv
gvwoi wewfbœ mgmumlv `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPy-bxPz nIqv|
daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv daggerivMxDagger`i wPwKrmv weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmKDagger`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutev Qvov mcurrencente
bq| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Orthodontist Gi f~wgKv iumlisbquo nq ev‛Pvi RDaggerbyeni ci ciB| daggerhDaggernZz daggerVvuU I
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv nq daggermRbuml wkiumli RDaggerbyeni ci ciB
gyDaggerLi wfZi covi Rbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b daggerhb wkiumli daggerLDaggerZ
daggerKvb mgmumlv bv nq|
kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wkiumli 3-6 gvm eqDaggerm daggerVvuU I 1-2 eQi eqDaggerm Zvjy wVK KiDaggerZ
nDaggere GKRb AwfAacute kjuml wPwKrmK Oslashviv| kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg daggerVvuU I Zvjy wVK Kivi ci
wkiumli DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj hvDaggerZ msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GK aiDaggerYi
Appliance ev hšiquest bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b|
wkiumli Mixed dentition stage (6-12 eQi eqm) -G gyDaggerL daggerKvb AwZwisup3 `vuZ
_vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GQvov mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Cross bite _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuZ
AvuKv evKv _vKDaggerj ev Molar ev daggerclY `vDaggerZi Relation wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere Removable ev Fixed appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo
KiDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
me macrrsquovqx `vuZ PDaggerj Avmvi ci macrrsquovqxfvDaggere daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Kvgo (Occlusion
improve) wVK Kivi Rbuml Fixed ev Removable appliance w`Daggerq Orthodontist
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb Ges daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggereb|
GB mgDaggerq gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyDaggerK wVK Kivi Rbuml cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj Bony Graft Kiv daggerhDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| Gi dDaggerj Orthodontic treatment Gi daggerh djvdj ZvI Aparazbœ _vKDaggere|
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daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLvi ci Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere daggerivMxDaggerK
Permanent Retainer bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv daggerivMxDaggerK me mgq cDaggero _vKDaggerZ nDaggere|
Amacrlsaquovi weRqx DaggerRvqvDaggerKb wdwbmiddot RDaggerbyeni mgq daggerVvuU KvuUv wQj
daggerVvuU KuvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv daggerKvb Awfkvc bq| mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg
GDaggerK mvwiDaggerq daggerZvjv mcurrencente| `iKvi iumlay mevi mDaggerPZbZv Avi mwVK mgDaggerq weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri daggerm Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY Kiv|
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ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerKvb eqDaggerm iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ Zv AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKiB ARvbv|
ADaggerbK AwffveKB eySDaggerZ cvDaggerib bv wkiumli ADagger_copyvWbwUK mgmumlvi Rbuml daggerKvb eqDaggerm
Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| AAacutevbZvi Rbuml ev Abuml daggerKvb wOslashav-OslashDaggerrsaquo`i
KviDaggerY Zviv ADaggerbK mgqB ADaggerbK dagger`ix KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb wPwKrmvi
Rbuml| dDaggerj wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc wPwKrmvi eumlvwszligKvj daggereDaggero hvq| wKQyDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK
chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc
wPwKrmvi djvdj Avkvbyiƒc nq bv| KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv KZUv
Risbquoix| GLb Avwg ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi eqm mxgv wbDaggerq AvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri AvcbvDagger`i
wKQyUv nDaggerjI aviYv dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev Kie|
AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerk ADaggerbK wkiumlB daggerVvuU ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| Kzmsmacrlsaquoviv‛Qbœ
gvbyliv GDaggerK Awfkvc ev fvDaggerMumli wjLb gDaggerb KDaggeri nvZ cv cedilwUDaggerq eDaggerm _vDaggerK daggerKvb wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri bv| wKšlsquo gDaggerb ivLDaggereb daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumli
AwffveKDagger`i DwPZ RDaggerbyeni ci ciB GKRb AwfAacute Orhodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY Kiv|
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KviY G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i RDaggerbyeni ciB cOumlavb I cOuml_g daggerh mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q Zv nDaggerjv Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mgmumlv| Orthodontist Gmgq GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv wkiumlDaggerK Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml LyeB parawZKi GKwU Afumlvm|
mvaviYZ `yB dagger_DaggerK wZb eQi eqDaggermi gDaggerauml Avcbv Avcwb wkiuml G AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KDaggeri daggerdDaggerj|
wKšlsquo ZviciI hw` wkiuml AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere AwffveKDagger`i Gi parawZKi w`KwU
mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere Ges microgvMZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv PjDaggerZ _vKDaggerj wkiumlDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj G AfumlvmwU
`~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance) bullZwi KDaggeri w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib
hvDaggerZ KDaggeri fwelumlDaggerZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi KviDaggerY wkiumli `vuDaggerZi webumlvm AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv hvq|
mvaviYZ 5-6 eQi eqm dagger_DaggerK wkiumlDagger`i `ya `vuZ coDaggerZ iumlisbquo KDaggeri| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK mgq
dagger`Lv hvq AvNvZ RwbZ paraq RwbZ ev Abuml daggerKvb daggerivDaggerMi KviDaggerY wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya
`vuZ cDaggero hvq ev daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| `vuZ covi ci daggerh dvuKv RvqMvwU _vDaggerK daggerm RvqMvwU ZLb
`yB cvDaggerki `vuZ w`Daggerq eUuml nDaggerq hvq| dDaggerj rsquovqx `vuZ DVvi Rbuml chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv daggercDaggerq
Amacr^vfvweK daggerKvb RvqMvq `vuZ DDaggerV Ges `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi mcurrencentvebv daggereDaggero hvq| GB dvuKv
macrrsquovbwU hvDaggerZ cvDaggerki `vuZ Oslashviv eUuml bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl hšiquest bullZwi
KDaggeri w`Daggereb hvDaggerK Space maintainer eDaggerj| KvDaggerRB daggerKvb `ya`vuZ hw` Zvi wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi
AvDaggerM cDaggero hvq ZDaggere dagger`ix bv KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi mvDagger_ dagger`Lv Kisbquob|
ADaggerbK ev‛PvDagger`i dagger`Lv hvq DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj daggerewk evoDaggerQ ev hZUzKz evovi K_v
ZZUzKz evoDaggerQ bv| Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc evošmdash eqDaggerm (6-12) Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cOumlDaggerqvRb AbymvDaggeri Face
mask ev Chin cap eumlenvi KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb hv ev‛Pvi DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimesDaggerK
mwVK AmacrrsquovDaggerb wbDaggerZ mnvqZv KiDaggere|
DaggerVuvU I ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i daggerVvuU I Zvjy kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wVK
Kivi ci mwVK mgq Orthodontist Gmiddotcvbmb macrŒz (Expansion screw) ZvjyDaggerZ jvwMDaggerq
dagger`b hvDaggerZ DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq| G wkiumlDagger`i 8-10 eQi eqDaggerm bone
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grafting Kivi Rbuml kjuml wPwKrmKDaggerK cOumlDaggerqvRbxq civgkcopy I mnvqZv w`Daggerq _vDaggerKb
Orthodontist|
6-12 eQi eqDaggerm hLb wkiumli gyDaggerL `ya I macrrsquovqx Dfq cOumlKvi `vuZ we`umlgvb ZLb hw`
`vuDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo (Cross bite) daggerewk Kvgo (Deep bite) dagger`Lv hvq ZDaggere
Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRbxq eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggereb hvDaggerZ fwelumlDaggerZ KvgocedilDaggerjv AvDaggeriv Lvivc -Gi w`DaggerK
bv hvq|
`ya `vuZ me cDaggero hvevi ci I macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVvi ci AvuKv evuKv DuPz -bxPz `vuZ wVK
Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS Removable Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ
ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere) ev Fixed Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere bv) w`Daggerq
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb|
ADaggerbDaggerKiB gDaggerbB cOumlkœ _vDaggerK daggerh daggerewk eqDaggerm Orthodontic wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere wKbv|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuZ nvo I GDagger`i mvDagger_ mcurrenuacuteKcopyhysup3 structure cedilDaggerjv fvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZDaggere daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv Kiv mcurrencente|
cOumlvszlig eqDaggerm hw` DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj hw` Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes daggercDaggerq _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv
wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj kjuml wPwKrmvi Oslashvimacrrsquo nDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi mdjZv wbfcopyi KDaggeri wPwKrmDaggerKi AwfAacuteZv daggerivMx I Zvi
AwffveDaggerKi mnDaggerhvwMZv I mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi Dci|
gDaggerb ivLDaggereb mgDaggerqi GK daggerdvuo AmgDaggerqi `k daggerdvuo| mwVK mgDaggerq mwVK KvRwU KiDaggerj
Avcwb daggerh djvdj cvDaggereb dagger`ix KDaggeri KvRwU KiDaggerj daggermB djvdj Avcwb bvI daggercDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
Avcbvi daggerKvb wbKURDaggerbi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj mwVK mgDaggerq Orthodontist
Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggerZ fyjDaggereb bv daggerhb|
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Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Dci Bracket
ev Brace covDaggerbv _vDaggerK| Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq
Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv wbDagger`kcopyvejx wVKgZ daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj wPwKrmv cieZcopyx RwUjZv dagger`Lv
dagger`evi mcurrencentvebv LyeB Kg|
Fixed Orthodontic treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq gyL I `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZ weDaggerkl hZœ wbDaggerZ
nDaggere| daggerhme welDaggerqi Dci daggerewk daggerewk bRi ivLDaggerZ nDaggere Zv bxDaggerP dagger`qv nDaggerjvt
1 daggerhw`b daggerivMxi gyDaggerL Bracket emvDaggerbv nDaggere Zvici dagger_DaggerK 24 NrsaquoUv chcopyšmdash ksup3 Lvevi
LvIqv DwPZ bq| GDaggerZ Bracket LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| H 24 NrsaquoUv Lye daggerRvDaggeri daggerRvDaggeri `vuZ
eordfvk Kiv I DwPZ bq| daggerivMx Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv civgkcopy Abyhvqx `vuZ eordfvk
KiDaggere I macr^vfvweK Lvevi LvDaggere|
2 Bracket covDaggerbvi 2-3 w`b chcopyšmdash daggerivMxi GKUz Amacr^wmacrmdash nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GDaggerZ fDaggerqi wKQy
daggerbB| gyDaggerL bZzb wKQy wRwbm emvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2-3 w`b ci Zv AfumlvDaggerm cwiYZ nDaggerq
hvDaggere|
3 cOumlwZevi Lvevi LvIqvi ci AekumlB `vuZ fvDaggerjvfvDaggere eordfvk KiDaggerZ nDaggere| mKvDaggerj I ivDaggerZ
daggerdnotvivBW hysup3 Uz_Daggercdivide w`Daggerq `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggere| Abumlvbuml mgq Uz_ daggercoacute Qvov eordfvk KiDaggerjI
PjDaggere|
4 cOumlwZ wZb (3) gvm ci ci Uz_eordfvk e`j KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Uz_eordfvDaggerki weordfmampjcedilDaggerjv daggerhb big
(Medium soft) nq Zv daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
5 Bracket ev appliance -Gi Dci bxDaggerP 45 daggerKvDaggerY eordfvk aDaggeri `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
6 Lye daggerRvDaggeri Pvc w`Daggerq eordfvk Kiv hvDaggere bv| GDaggerZ KDaggeri Appliance LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
7 `vuDaggerZi daggerh cvDaggerk Appliance AvDaggerQ daggermB cvDaggerk Appliance -Gi Dci AvjDaggerZvfvDaggere
NywiDaggerq NywiDaggerq eordfvk KDaggeri `vuZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| `vuDaggerZi Abumlvbuml cvkcedilDaggerjvI daggerhb
fvDaggerjvfvDaggere cwireglsaquovi Kiv nq daggermw`DaggerK daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
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8 cOumlwZevi Lvevi Gi ci eordfvk Kiv mcurrencente bv nDaggerj LyefvDaggerjv KDaggeri KzjKzwP KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
9 `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerSi gqjv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Dental Floss eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
DaggerKvb KvwV ev myuB w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerLvPvDaggerbv hvDaggere bv|
10 wRnŸv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Tongue Cleanser eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
11 cOumlDaggerqvRDaggerb fvDaggerjv Mouth Wash eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere ZDaggerewPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy
Abyhvqx|
12 `vuDaggerZi gvwo Avfrac12yj w`Daggerq Massage Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
13 daggerKvb appliance daggerfDaggerfrac12 daggerMDaggerj ev LyDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ev Appliance Gi KviDaggerY gyDaggerL daggerKvb
mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj dagger`ix bv KDaggeri mDaggerfrac12 mDaggerfrac12 Orthondontist-Gi civgkcopy wbDaggerZ nDaggere|
14 wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq ksup3 Lvevi (nvo AvL) LvIqv cwinvi KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
15 AvVvDaggerjv RvZxq Lvevi (PzBs Mvg) LvIqv ev` w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
16 daggercqviv AvDaggercj ev daggerh daggerKvb ksup3 Lvevi Kvgo w`Daggerq bv daggerLDaggerq daggerQvU daggerQvU UzKiv KDaggeri
daggerLDaggerZ nDaggere|
17 Orthodontist DaggerhfvDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK AvmDaggerZ ejDaggereb (1gvm ci ci) AekumlB Zv cvjb
KiDaggerZ nDaggere| bv nDaggerj daggerivMxi wPwKrmv daggerkl nDaggerZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi daggerewk jvMDaggere|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbPz `vuZ wVK Kivi Rbuml daggerhgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Oslashviv mwVK wPwKrmv daggerZgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerivMx Ges daggerivMxi AwffveDaggerKi
mnDaggerhvwMZv Ges Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy Abyhvqx Pjv| ZDaggereB DaggerivMx wPwKrmv DaggerkDaggerl cvDaggere
KvwldquoparaZ myrsaquo`i `vuZ|
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mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
50
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ dnotwms
51
daggerQvAElig GKwU evMvDaggerb hw` ADaggerbKcedilDaggerjv MvQ daggereDaggero DVDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZDaggere ADaggerbK MvDaggerQi macr^vfvweK ebdquowtimes
weboacute nq Ges evMvbwU wKQyw`b ci Nb Rfrac12Daggerj cwiYZ nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK| ZLb hw` daggermLvb
dagger_DaggerK wKQy MvQ daggerKDaggerU daggerdjv nq ZDaggere evMvbwUi evKxMvQcedilDaggerjv iparav daggercDaggerq macr^vfvweKfvDaggere daggereDaggero
DVDaggere|
daggerZgwb gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerh cwigvY RvqMv AvDaggerQ Zvi daggerPDaggerq hw` `vuDaggerZi msLumlv daggerewk wKsev
`vuZ Lye daggerekx AvuKv evKv DuPz `uvZ _vKDaggerj ZDaggere Zv wVK KDaggeri `vuZDaggerK mywebumlvmacrmdash myrsaquo`i KDaggeri
daggerZvjvi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgq daggerivMxi wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB daggerivMx ev
Zvi AwffveK `vuZ daggerZvjvi K_v iumlbDaggerj fq cvq| Zviv fvDaggere `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ ADaggerbK euml_v
jvMDaggere ev daggerPvDaggerLi daggereordfBDaggerbi hw` daggerKvb parawZ nq| Zviv Orthodontist daggerK `vuZ bv ZzDaggerj
wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml AbyDaggeriva KDaggeri _vDaggerK| wKšlsquo ZvDagger`i G mKj aviYv mcurrenuacute~Ycopy Ag~jK| `vuZ
ZzjDaggerj daggerPvDaggerLi ev daggereordfBDaggerbi daggerKvb parawZ nqbv| GKRb AwfAacute wPwKrmK ZvB KiDaggereb hv KiDaggerj
daggerivMxi wPwKrmv fvDaggerjvfvDaggere mcurrenuacutebœ nDaggere Ges daggerivMx I Zvi AwffveK mšlsquowoacute jvf KiDaggere| Avi
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM wbw copyoacute rsquovb fvDaggerjvfvDaggere Aek KDaggeri wbDaggerj Ges wPwKrmDaggerKi dagger`qv DcDagger`k `vuZ
daggerZvjvi w`b I cieZcopyx KDaggerqKw`b mwVKfvDaggere daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj `vuZ daggerZvjvi ci daggerivMxi daggerZgb daggerKvb
Amyweav nq bv ejDaggerjB PDaggerj|
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`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM
`vuZ daggerZvjvi cDaggeri
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ADaggerbDaggerKB AvDaggerQb hviv ivDaggerZ NygvDaggerbvi AvDaggerM Ges mKvDaggerj bvmacrmdashv Lvevi ci `vuZ eordfvk
KDaggerib `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Kvj wejcurren^ bv KDaggeri `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggerib
`vuDaggerZi mymacrrsquoZvi Rbuml hv hv `iKvi Zviv Zv-B KDaggerib| GmeB nDaggerjv fvDaggerjv Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi
Rbuml LyeB DcKvix|
wKšlsquo Ggb wKQy Afumlvm AvDaggerQ hv gyL I `vuDaggerZi macr^vDaggermacrrsquoumli Rbuml LyeB parawZKi| Gme
e`AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi bvbv aiDaggerYi mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q| GB AfumlvmcedilDaggerjvi gDaggerauml Avfrac12yj
daggerPvlv wRnŸampv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv ev daggerVjv dagger`Iqv daggerKvb mgmumlv bv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI gyL w`Daggerq wbkbrvbarvm
daggerbqv daggerVvuU I bL KvgovDaggerbv AbumlZg|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK| evev gv hw` GUv daggerLqvj KDaggerib ZDaggere wkiumlDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere daggerh Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv Lvivc| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz nDaggerq hvq ADaggerbK mgq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bvI coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Open bite) bxDaggerPi
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daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZcedilDaggerjv msKzwPZ nDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK hZUzKz daggerXDaggerK ivLv
DwPZ Zv KDaggerg daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerbvi ci I hw` Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm bv KDaggerg ZDaggere wkiumli 2-3 eQi eqm
chcopyšmdash ADaggercparav KiDaggerZ nDaggere| ADaggerbK mgq 3 eQi eqDaggermi ci wkiumli GB Afumlvm PDaggerj hvq|
ZviciI hw` wkiuml G Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere GKRb AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12
civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| wPwKrmK `iKvi gDaggerb nDaggerj daggerKvb Appliance ev hšiquest w`Daggereb hv
wkiumlDaggerK GB Afumlvm `~i KiDaggerZ mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wkiumli hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK ZDaggere DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DPuy nDaggerq hvq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bv coDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerivMx gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri
wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq Avcbvi daggermvbvgwbi hw` Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml
parawZKi ZDaggere cOuml_DaggergB ZvDaggerK eySvb| ZvDaggerZ KvR bv nDaggerj Aemacrrsquov hvDaggerZ AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv
hvq daggermRbuml AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy Kisbquob|
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OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
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CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
57
KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
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GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
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ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
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daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
42
DaggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq wkiuml RbyenMOumlnY KiDaggerj cwieviDaggerK bvbv aiDaggerYi mvgvwRK I gvbwmK
mgmumlvi mcurrensectyLxb nDaggerZ nq| wkiuml hLb GB mgmumlv wbDaggerq eo nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZLb daggermI gvbwmKfvDaggere
nxbgbumlZvq fyMDaggerZ _vDaggerK| G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i dagger`LDaggerZ Amyrsaquo`i jvMv QvovI Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ K_v
ejDaggerZ I iumlbDaggerZ mgmumlv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| `vuDaggerZi mgmumlvi gDaggerauml hv nDaggerZ cvDaggeri Zvi gDaggerauml AbumlZg
nDagger‛Q-wewfbœ `vuZ AbycwmacrrsquoZ _vKv `vuZ wbDaggerRi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb bv DDaggerV gyDaggerLi Abuml daggerKvb RvqMvq
DVv evowZ wKQy `vuZ _vKv DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji MVb ksup3 bv nIqv `vuDaggerZi MVb myrsaquo`i bv nIqv
gvwoi wewfbœ mgmumlv `vuZ AvuKv evuKv ev DuPy-bxPz nIqv|
daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv daggerivMxDagger`i wPwKrmv weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmKDagger`i `jetimes cOumlDaggerPoacutev Qvov mcurrencente
bq| GDagger`i gDaggerauml Orthodontist Gi f~wgKv iumlisbquo nq ev‛Pvi RDaggerbyeni ci ciB| daggerhDaggernZz daggerVvuU I
ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ mgmumlv nq daggermRbuml wkiumli RDaggerbyeni ci ciB
gyDaggerLi wfZi covi Rbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b daggerhb wkiumli daggerLDaggerZ
daggerKvb mgmumlv bv nq|
kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wkiumli 3-6 gvm eqDaggerm daggerVvuU I 1-2 eQi eqDaggerm Zvjy wVK KiDaggerZ
nDaggere GKRb AwfAacute kjuml wPwKrmK Oslashviv| kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg daggerVvuU I Zvjy wVK Kivi ci
wkiumli DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj hvDaggerZ msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GK aiDaggerYi
Appliance ev hšiquest bullZwi KDaggeri dagger`b|
wkiumli Mixed dentition stage (6-12 eQi eqm) -G gyDaggerL daggerKvb AwZwisup3 `vuZ
_vKDaggerj Zv daggerdDaggerj dagger`qv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GQvov mvgDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ Cross bite _vKDaggerj mvgDaggerbi `vuZ
AvuKv evKv _vKDaggerj ev Molar ev daggerclY `vDaggerZi Relation wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist
hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere Removable ev Fixed appliance w`Daggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo
KiDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
me macrrsquovqx `vuZ PDaggerj Avmvi ci macrrsquovqxfvDaggere daggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Kvgo (Occlusion
improve) wVK Kivi Rbuml Fixed ev Removable appliance w`Daggerq Orthodontist
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb Ges daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLDaggereb|
GB mgDaggerq gyDaggerLi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyDaggerK wVK Kivi Rbuml cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj Bony Graft Kiv daggerhDaggerZ
cvDaggeri| Gi dDaggerj Orthodontic treatment Gi daggerh djvdj ZvI Aparazbœ _vKDaggere|
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daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLvi ci Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere daggerivMxDaggerK
Permanent Retainer bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv daggerivMxDaggerK me mgq cDaggero _vKDaggerZ nDaggere|
Amacrlsaquovi weRqx DaggerRvqvDaggerKb wdwbmiddot RDaggerbyeni mgq daggerVvuU KvuUv wQj
daggerVvuU KuvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv daggerKvb Awfkvc bq| mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg
GDaggerK mvwiDaggerq daggerZvjv mcurrencente| `iKvi iumlay mevi mDaggerPZbZv Avi mwVK mgDaggerq weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri daggerm Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY Kiv|
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ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerKvb eqDaggerm iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ Zv AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKiB ARvbv|
ADaggerbK AwffveKB eySDaggerZ cvDaggerib bv wkiumli ADagger_copyvWbwUK mgmumlvi Rbuml daggerKvb eqDaggerm
Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| AAacutevbZvi Rbuml ev Abuml daggerKvb wOslashav-OslashDaggerrsaquo`i
KviDaggerY Zviv ADaggerbK mgqB ADaggerbK dagger`ix KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb wPwKrmvi
Rbuml| dDaggerj wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc wPwKrmvi eumlvwszligKvj daggereDaggero hvq| wKQyDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK
chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc
wPwKrmvi djvdj Avkvbyiƒc nq bv| KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv KZUv
Risbquoix| GLb Avwg ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi eqm mxgv wbDaggerq AvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri AvcbvDagger`i
wKQyUv nDaggerjI aviYv dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev Kie|
AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerk ADaggerbK wkiumlB daggerVvuU ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| Kzmsmacrlsaquoviv‛Qbœ
gvbyliv GDaggerK Awfkvc ev fvDaggerMumli wjLb gDaggerb KDaggeri nvZ cv cedilwUDaggerq eDaggerm _vDaggerK daggerKvb wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri bv| wKšlsquo gDaggerb ivLDaggereb daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumli
AwffveKDagger`i DwPZ RDaggerbyeni ci ciB GKRb AwfAacute Orhodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY Kiv|
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KviY G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i RDaggerbyeni ciB cOumlavb I cOuml_g daggerh mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q Zv nDaggerjv Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mgmumlv| Orthodontist Gmgq GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv wkiumlDaggerK Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml LyeB parawZKi GKwU Afumlvm|
mvaviYZ `yB dagger_DaggerK wZb eQi eqDaggermi gDaggerauml Avcbv Avcwb wkiuml G AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KDaggeri daggerdDaggerj|
wKšlsquo ZviciI hw` wkiuml AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere AwffveKDagger`i Gi parawZKi w`KwU
mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere Ges microgvMZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv PjDaggerZ _vKDaggerj wkiumlDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj G AfumlvmwU
`~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance) bullZwi KDaggeri w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib
hvDaggerZ KDaggeri fwelumlDaggerZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi KviDaggerY wkiumli `vuDaggerZi webumlvm AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv hvq|
mvaviYZ 5-6 eQi eqm dagger_DaggerK wkiumlDagger`i `ya `vuZ coDaggerZ iumlisbquo KDaggeri| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK mgq
dagger`Lv hvq AvNvZ RwbZ paraq RwbZ ev Abuml daggerKvb daggerivDaggerMi KviDaggerY wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya
`vuZ cDaggero hvq ev daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| `vuZ covi ci daggerh dvuKv RvqMvwU _vDaggerK daggerm RvqMvwU ZLb
`yB cvDaggerki `vuZ w`Daggerq eUuml nDaggerq hvq| dDaggerj rsquovqx `vuZ DVvi Rbuml chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv daggercDaggerq
Amacr^vfvweK daggerKvb RvqMvq `vuZ DDaggerV Ges `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi mcurrencentvebv daggereDaggero hvq| GB dvuKv
macrrsquovbwU hvDaggerZ cvDaggerki `vuZ Oslashviv eUuml bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl hšiquest bullZwi
KDaggeri w`Daggereb hvDaggerK Space maintainer eDaggerj| KvDaggerRB daggerKvb `ya`vuZ hw` Zvi wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi
AvDaggerM cDaggero hvq ZDaggere dagger`ix bv KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi mvDagger_ dagger`Lv Kisbquob|
ADaggerbK ev‛PvDagger`i dagger`Lv hvq DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj daggerewk evoDaggerQ ev hZUzKz evovi K_v
ZZUzKz evoDaggerQ bv| Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc evošmdash eqDaggerm (6-12) Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cOumlDaggerqvRb AbymvDaggeri Face
mask ev Chin cap eumlenvi KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb hv ev‛Pvi DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimesDaggerK
mwVK AmacrrsquovDaggerb wbDaggerZ mnvqZv KiDaggere|
DaggerVuvU I ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i daggerVvuU I Zvjy kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wVK
Kivi ci mwVK mgq Orthodontist Gmiddotcvbmb macrŒz (Expansion screw) ZvjyDaggerZ jvwMDaggerq
dagger`b hvDaggerZ DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq| G wkiumlDagger`i 8-10 eQi eqDaggerm bone
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grafting Kivi Rbuml kjuml wPwKrmKDaggerK cOumlDaggerqvRbxq civgkcopy I mnvqZv w`Daggerq _vDaggerKb
Orthodontist|
6-12 eQi eqDaggerm hLb wkiumli gyDaggerL `ya I macrrsquovqx Dfq cOumlKvi `vuZ we`umlgvb ZLb hw`
`vuDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo (Cross bite) daggerewk Kvgo (Deep bite) dagger`Lv hvq ZDaggere
Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRbxq eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggereb hvDaggerZ fwelumlDaggerZ KvgocedilDaggerjv AvDaggeriv Lvivc -Gi w`DaggerK
bv hvq|
`ya `vuZ me cDaggero hvevi ci I macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVvi ci AvuKv evuKv DuPz -bxPz `vuZ wVK
Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS Removable Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ
ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere) ev Fixed Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere bv) w`Daggerq
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb|
ADaggerbDaggerKiB gDaggerbB cOumlkœ _vDaggerK daggerh daggerewk eqDaggerm Orthodontic wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere wKbv|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuZ nvo I GDagger`i mvDagger_ mcurrenuacuteKcopyhysup3 structure cedilDaggerjv fvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZDaggere daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv Kiv mcurrencente|
cOumlvszlig eqDaggerm hw` DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj hw` Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes daggercDaggerq _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv
wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj kjuml wPwKrmvi Oslashvimacrrsquo nDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi mdjZv wbfcopyi KDaggeri wPwKrmDaggerKi AwfAacuteZv daggerivMx I Zvi
AwffveDaggerKi mnDaggerhvwMZv I mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi Dci|
gDaggerb ivLDaggereb mgDaggerqi GK daggerdvuo AmgDaggerqi `k daggerdvuo| mwVK mgDaggerq mwVK KvRwU KiDaggerj
Avcwb daggerh djvdj cvDaggereb dagger`ix KDaggeri KvRwU KiDaggerj daggermB djvdj Avcwb bvI daggercDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
Avcbvi daggerKvb wbKURDaggerbi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj mwVK mgDaggerq Orthodontist
Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggerZ fyjDaggereb bv daggerhb|
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Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Dci Bracket
ev Brace covDaggerbv _vDaggerK| Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq
Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv wbDagger`kcopyvejx wVKgZ daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj wPwKrmv cieZcopyx RwUjZv dagger`Lv
dagger`evi mcurrencentvebv LyeB Kg|
Fixed Orthodontic treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq gyL I `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZ weDaggerkl hZœ wbDaggerZ
nDaggere| daggerhme welDaggerqi Dci daggerewk daggerewk bRi ivLDaggerZ nDaggere Zv bxDaggerP dagger`qv nDaggerjvt
1 daggerhw`b daggerivMxi gyDaggerL Bracket emvDaggerbv nDaggere Zvici dagger_DaggerK 24 NrsaquoUv chcopyšmdash ksup3 Lvevi
LvIqv DwPZ bq| GDaggerZ Bracket LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| H 24 NrsaquoUv Lye daggerRvDaggeri daggerRvDaggeri `vuZ
eordfvk Kiv I DwPZ bq| daggerivMx Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv civgkcopy Abyhvqx `vuZ eordfvk
KiDaggere I macr^vfvweK Lvevi LvDaggere|
2 Bracket covDaggerbvi 2-3 w`b chcopyšmdash daggerivMxi GKUz Amacr^wmacrmdash nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GDaggerZ fDaggerqi wKQy
daggerbB| gyDaggerL bZzb wKQy wRwbm emvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2-3 w`b ci Zv AfumlvDaggerm cwiYZ nDaggerq
hvDaggere|
3 cOumlwZevi Lvevi LvIqvi ci AekumlB `vuZ fvDaggerjvfvDaggere eordfvk KiDaggerZ nDaggere| mKvDaggerj I ivDaggerZ
daggerdnotvivBW hysup3 Uz_Daggercdivide w`Daggerq `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggere| Abumlvbuml mgq Uz_ daggercoacute Qvov eordfvk KiDaggerjI
PjDaggere|
4 cOumlwZ wZb (3) gvm ci ci Uz_eordfvk e`j KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Uz_eordfvDaggerki weordfmampjcedilDaggerjv daggerhb big
(Medium soft) nq Zv daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
5 Bracket ev appliance -Gi Dci bxDaggerP 45 daggerKvDaggerY eordfvk aDaggeri `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
6 Lye daggerRvDaggeri Pvc w`Daggerq eordfvk Kiv hvDaggere bv| GDaggerZ KDaggeri Appliance LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
7 `vuDaggerZi daggerh cvDaggerk Appliance AvDaggerQ daggermB cvDaggerk Appliance -Gi Dci AvjDaggerZvfvDaggere
NywiDaggerq NywiDaggerq eordfvk KDaggeri `vuZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| `vuDaggerZi Abumlvbuml cvkcedilDaggerjvI daggerhb
fvDaggerjvfvDaggere cwireglsaquovi Kiv nq daggermw`DaggerK daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
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8 cOumlwZevi Lvevi Gi ci eordfvk Kiv mcurrencente bv nDaggerj LyefvDaggerjv KDaggeri KzjKzwP KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
9 `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerSi gqjv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Dental Floss eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
DaggerKvb KvwV ev myuB w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerLvPvDaggerbv hvDaggere bv|
10 wRnŸv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Tongue Cleanser eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
11 cOumlDaggerqvRDaggerb fvDaggerjv Mouth Wash eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere ZDaggerewPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy
Abyhvqx|
12 `vuDaggerZi gvwo Avfrac12yj w`Daggerq Massage Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
13 daggerKvb appliance daggerfDaggerfrac12 daggerMDaggerj ev LyDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ev Appliance Gi KviDaggerY gyDaggerL daggerKvb
mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj dagger`ix bv KDaggeri mDaggerfrac12 mDaggerfrac12 Orthondontist-Gi civgkcopy wbDaggerZ nDaggere|
14 wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq ksup3 Lvevi (nvo AvL) LvIqv cwinvi KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
15 AvVvDaggerjv RvZxq Lvevi (PzBs Mvg) LvIqv ev` w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
16 daggercqviv AvDaggercj ev daggerh daggerKvb ksup3 Lvevi Kvgo w`Daggerq bv daggerLDaggerq daggerQvU daggerQvU UzKiv KDaggeri
daggerLDaggerZ nDaggere|
17 Orthodontist DaggerhfvDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK AvmDaggerZ ejDaggereb (1gvm ci ci) AekumlB Zv cvjb
KiDaggerZ nDaggere| bv nDaggerj daggerivMxi wPwKrmv daggerkl nDaggerZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi daggerewk jvMDaggere|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbPz `vuZ wVK Kivi Rbuml daggerhgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Oslashviv mwVK wPwKrmv daggerZgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerivMx Ges daggerivMxi AwffveDaggerKi
mnDaggerhvwMZv Ges Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy Abyhvqx Pjv| ZDaggereB DaggerivMx wPwKrmv DaggerkDaggerl cvDaggere
KvwldquoparaZ myrsaquo`i `vuZ|
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mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
50
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ dnotwms
51
daggerQvAElig GKwU evMvDaggerb hw` ADaggerbKcedilDaggerjv MvQ daggereDaggero DVDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZDaggere ADaggerbK MvDaggerQi macr^vfvweK ebdquowtimes
weboacute nq Ges evMvbwU wKQyw`b ci Nb Rfrac12Daggerj cwiYZ nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK| ZLb hw` daggermLvb
dagger_DaggerK wKQy MvQ daggerKDaggerU daggerdjv nq ZDaggere evMvbwUi evKxMvQcedilDaggerjv iparav daggercDaggerq macr^vfvweKfvDaggere daggereDaggero
DVDaggere|
daggerZgwb gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerh cwigvY RvqMv AvDaggerQ Zvi daggerPDaggerq hw` `vuDaggerZi msLumlv daggerewk wKsev
`vuZ Lye daggerekx AvuKv evKv DuPz `uvZ _vKDaggerj ZDaggere Zv wVK KDaggeri `vuZDaggerK mywebumlvmacrmdash myrsaquo`i KDaggeri
daggerZvjvi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgq daggerivMxi wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB daggerivMx ev
Zvi AwffveK `vuZ daggerZvjvi K_v iumlbDaggerj fq cvq| Zviv fvDaggere `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ ADaggerbK euml_v
jvMDaggere ev daggerPvDaggerLi daggereordfBDaggerbi hw` daggerKvb parawZ nq| Zviv Orthodontist daggerK `vuZ bv ZzDaggerj
wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml AbyDaggeriva KDaggeri _vDaggerK| wKšlsquo ZvDagger`i G mKj aviYv mcurrenuacute~Ycopy Ag~jK| `vuZ
ZzjDaggerj daggerPvDaggerLi ev daggereordfBDaggerbi daggerKvb parawZ nqbv| GKRb AwfAacute wPwKrmK ZvB KiDaggereb hv KiDaggerj
daggerivMxi wPwKrmv fvDaggerjvfvDaggere mcurrenuacutebœ nDaggere Ges daggerivMx I Zvi AwffveK mšlsquowoacute jvf KiDaggere| Avi
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM wbw copyoacute rsquovb fvDaggerjvfvDaggere Aek KDaggeri wbDaggerj Ges wPwKrmDaggerKi dagger`qv DcDagger`k `vuZ
daggerZvjvi w`b I cieZcopyx KDaggerqKw`b mwVKfvDaggere daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj `vuZ daggerZvjvi ci daggerivMxi daggerZgb daggerKvb
Amyweav nq bv ejDaggerjB PDaggerj|
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`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM
`vuZ daggerZvjvi cDaggeri
53
ADaggerbDaggerKB AvDaggerQb hviv ivDaggerZ NygvDaggerbvi AvDaggerM Ges mKvDaggerj bvmacrmdashv Lvevi ci `vuZ eordfvk
KDaggerib `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Kvj wejcurren^ bv KDaggeri `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggerib
`vuDaggerZi mymacrrsquoZvi Rbuml hv hv `iKvi Zviv Zv-B KDaggerib| GmeB nDaggerjv fvDaggerjv Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi
Rbuml LyeB DcKvix|
wKšlsquo Ggb wKQy Afumlvm AvDaggerQ hv gyL I `vuDaggerZi macr^vDaggermacrrsquoumli Rbuml LyeB parawZKi| Gme
e`AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi bvbv aiDaggerYi mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q| GB AfumlvmcedilDaggerjvi gDaggerauml Avfrac12yj
daggerPvlv wRnŸampv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv ev daggerVjv dagger`Iqv daggerKvb mgmumlv bv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI gyL w`Daggerq wbkbrvbarvm
daggerbqv daggerVvuU I bL KvgovDaggerbv AbumlZg|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK| evev gv hw` GUv daggerLqvj KDaggerib ZDaggere wkiumlDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere daggerh Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv Lvivc| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz nDaggerq hvq ADaggerbK mgq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bvI coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Open bite) bxDaggerPi
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daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZcedilDaggerjv msKzwPZ nDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK hZUzKz daggerXDaggerK ivLv
DwPZ Zv KDaggerg daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerbvi ci I hw` Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm bv KDaggerg ZDaggere wkiumli 2-3 eQi eqm
chcopyšmdash ADaggercparav KiDaggerZ nDaggere| ADaggerbK mgq 3 eQi eqDaggermi ci wkiumli GB Afumlvm PDaggerj hvq|
ZviciI hw` wkiuml G Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere GKRb AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12
civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| wPwKrmK `iKvi gDaggerb nDaggerj daggerKvb Appliance ev hšiquest w`Daggereb hv
wkiumlDaggerK GB Afumlvm `~i KiDaggerZ mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wkiumli hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK ZDaggere DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DPuy nDaggerq hvq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bv coDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerivMx gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri
wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq Avcbvi daggermvbvgwbi hw` Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml
parawZKi ZDaggere cOuml_DaggergB ZvDaggerK eySvb| ZvDaggerZ KvR bv nDaggerj Aemacrrsquov hvDaggerZ AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv
hvq daggermRbuml AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy Kisbquob|
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OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
56
CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
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KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
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GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
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ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
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daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
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daggerivMxDaggerK chcopyDaggereparaDaggerY ivLvi ci Orthodontist hw` cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KDaggerib ZDaggere daggerivMxDaggerK
Permanent Retainer bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv daggerivMxDaggerK me mgq cDaggero _vKDaggerZ nDaggere|
Amacrlsaquovi weRqx DaggerRvqvDaggerKb wdwbmiddot RDaggerbyeni mgq daggerVvuU KvuUv wQj
daggerVvuU KuvUv ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv daggerKvb Awfkvc bq| mwVK wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg
GDaggerK mvwiDaggerq daggerZvjv mcurrencente| `iKvi iumlay mevi mDaggerPZbZv Avi mwVK mgDaggerq weDaggerklAacute wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri daggerm Abyhvqx eumlemacrrsquov MOumlnY Kiv|
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ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerKvb eqDaggerm iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ Zv AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKiB ARvbv|
ADaggerbK AwffveKB eySDaggerZ cvDaggerib bv wkiumli ADagger_copyvWbwUK mgmumlvi Rbuml daggerKvb eqDaggerm
Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| AAacutevbZvi Rbuml ev Abuml daggerKvb wOslashav-OslashDaggerrsaquo`i
KviDaggerY Zviv ADaggerbK mgqB ADaggerbK dagger`ix KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb wPwKrmvi
Rbuml| dDaggerj wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc wPwKrmvi eumlvwszligKvj daggereDaggero hvq| wKQyDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK
chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc
wPwKrmvi djvdj Avkvbyiƒc nq bv| KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv KZUv
Risbquoix| GLb Avwg ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi eqm mxgv wbDaggerq AvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri AvcbvDagger`i
wKQyUv nDaggerjI aviYv dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev Kie|
AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerk ADaggerbK wkiumlB daggerVvuU ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| Kzmsmacrlsaquoviv‛Qbœ
gvbyliv GDaggerK Awfkvc ev fvDaggerMumli wjLb gDaggerb KDaggeri nvZ cv cedilwUDaggerq eDaggerm _vDaggerK daggerKvb wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri bv| wKšlsquo gDaggerb ivLDaggereb daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumli
AwffveKDagger`i DwPZ RDaggerbyeni ci ciB GKRb AwfAacute Orhodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY Kiv|
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KviY G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i RDaggerbyeni ciB cOumlavb I cOuml_g daggerh mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q Zv nDaggerjv Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mgmumlv| Orthodontist Gmgq GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv wkiumlDaggerK Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml LyeB parawZKi GKwU Afumlvm|
mvaviYZ `yB dagger_DaggerK wZb eQi eqDaggermi gDaggerauml Avcbv Avcwb wkiuml G AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KDaggeri daggerdDaggerj|
wKšlsquo ZviciI hw` wkiuml AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere AwffveKDagger`i Gi parawZKi w`KwU
mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere Ges microgvMZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv PjDaggerZ _vKDaggerj wkiumlDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj G AfumlvmwU
`~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance) bullZwi KDaggeri w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib
hvDaggerZ KDaggeri fwelumlDaggerZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi KviDaggerY wkiumli `vuDaggerZi webumlvm AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv hvq|
mvaviYZ 5-6 eQi eqm dagger_DaggerK wkiumlDagger`i `ya `vuZ coDaggerZ iumlisbquo KDaggeri| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK mgq
dagger`Lv hvq AvNvZ RwbZ paraq RwbZ ev Abuml daggerKvb daggerivDaggerMi KviDaggerY wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya
`vuZ cDaggero hvq ev daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| `vuZ covi ci daggerh dvuKv RvqMvwU _vDaggerK daggerm RvqMvwU ZLb
`yB cvDaggerki `vuZ w`Daggerq eUuml nDaggerq hvq| dDaggerj rsquovqx `vuZ DVvi Rbuml chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv daggercDaggerq
Amacr^vfvweK daggerKvb RvqMvq `vuZ DDaggerV Ges `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi mcurrencentvebv daggereDaggero hvq| GB dvuKv
macrrsquovbwU hvDaggerZ cvDaggerki `vuZ Oslashviv eUuml bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl hšiquest bullZwi
KDaggeri w`Daggereb hvDaggerK Space maintainer eDaggerj| KvDaggerRB daggerKvb `ya`vuZ hw` Zvi wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi
AvDaggerM cDaggero hvq ZDaggere dagger`ix bv KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi mvDagger_ dagger`Lv Kisbquob|
ADaggerbK ev‛PvDagger`i dagger`Lv hvq DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj daggerewk evoDaggerQ ev hZUzKz evovi K_v
ZZUzKz evoDaggerQ bv| Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc evošmdash eqDaggerm (6-12) Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cOumlDaggerqvRb AbymvDaggeri Face
mask ev Chin cap eumlenvi KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb hv ev‛Pvi DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimesDaggerK
mwVK AmacrrsquovDaggerb wbDaggerZ mnvqZv KiDaggere|
DaggerVuvU I ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i daggerVvuU I Zvjy kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wVK
Kivi ci mwVK mgq Orthodontist Gmiddotcvbmb macrŒz (Expansion screw) ZvjyDaggerZ jvwMDaggerq
dagger`b hvDaggerZ DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq| G wkiumlDagger`i 8-10 eQi eqDaggerm bone
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grafting Kivi Rbuml kjuml wPwKrmKDaggerK cOumlDaggerqvRbxq civgkcopy I mnvqZv w`Daggerq _vDaggerKb
Orthodontist|
6-12 eQi eqDaggerm hLb wkiumli gyDaggerL `ya I macrrsquovqx Dfq cOumlKvi `vuZ we`umlgvb ZLb hw`
`vuDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo (Cross bite) daggerewk Kvgo (Deep bite) dagger`Lv hvq ZDaggere
Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRbxq eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggereb hvDaggerZ fwelumlDaggerZ KvgocedilDaggerjv AvDaggeriv Lvivc -Gi w`DaggerK
bv hvq|
`ya `vuZ me cDaggero hvevi ci I macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVvi ci AvuKv evuKv DuPz -bxPz `vuZ wVK
Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS Removable Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ
ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere) ev Fixed Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere bv) w`Daggerq
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb|
ADaggerbDaggerKiB gDaggerbB cOumlkœ _vDaggerK daggerh daggerewk eqDaggerm Orthodontic wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere wKbv|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuZ nvo I GDagger`i mvDagger_ mcurrenuacuteKcopyhysup3 structure cedilDaggerjv fvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZDaggere daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv Kiv mcurrencente|
cOumlvszlig eqDaggerm hw` DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj hw` Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes daggercDaggerq _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv
wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj kjuml wPwKrmvi Oslashvimacrrsquo nDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi mdjZv wbfcopyi KDaggeri wPwKrmDaggerKi AwfAacuteZv daggerivMx I Zvi
AwffveDaggerKi mnDaggerhvwMZv I mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi Dci|
gDaggerb ivLDaggereb mgDaggerqi GK daggerdvuo AmgDaggerqi `k daggerdvuo| mwVK mgDaggerq mwVK KvRwU KiDaggerj
Avcwb daggerh djvdj cvDaggereb dagger`ix KDaggeri KvRwU KiDaggerj daggermB djvdj Avcwb bvI daggercDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
Avcbvi daggerKvb wbKURDaggerbi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj mwVK mgDaggerq Orthodontist
Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggerZ fyjDaggereb bv daggerhb|
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Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Dci Bracket
ev Brace covDaggerbv _vDaggerK| Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq
Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv wbDagger`kcopyvejx wVKgZ daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj wPwKrmv cieZcopyx RwUjZv dagger`Lv
dagger`evi mcurrencentvebv LyeB Kg|
Fixed Orthodontic treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq gyL I `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZ weDaggerkl hZœ wbDaggerZ
nDaggere| daggerhme welDaggerqi Dci daggerewk daggerewk bRi ivLDaggerZ nDaggere Zv bxDaggerP dagger`qv nDaggerjvt
1 daggerhw`b daggerivMxi gyDaggerL Bracket emvDaggerbv nDaggere Zvici dagger_DaggerK 24 NrsaquoUv chcopyšmdash ksup3 Lvevi
LvIqv DwPZ bq| GDaggerZ Bracket LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| H 24 NrsaquoUv Lye daggerRvDaggeri daggerRvDaggeri `vuZ
eordfvk Kiv I DwPZ bq| daggerivMx Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv civgkcopy Abyhvqx `vuZ eordfvk
KiDaggere I macr^vfvweK Lvevi LvDaggere|
2 Bracket covDaggerbvi 2-3 w`b chcopyšmdash daggerivMxi GKUz Amacr^wmacrmdash nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GDaggerZ fDaggerqi wKQy
daggerbB| gyDaggerL bZzb wKQy wRwbm emvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2-3 w`b ci Zv AfumlvDaggerm cwiYZ nDaggerq
hvDaggere|
3 cOumlwZevi Lvevi LvIqvi ci AekumlB `vuZ fvDaggerjvfvDaggere eordfvk KiDaggerZ nDaggere| mKvDaggerj I ivDaggerZ
daggerdnotvivBW hysup3 Uz_Daggercdivide w`Daggerq `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggere| Abumlvbuml mgq Uz_ daggercoacute Qvov eordfvk KiDaggerjI
PjDaggere|
4 cOumlwZ wZb (3) gvm ci ci Uz_eordfvk e`j KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Uz_eordfvDaggerki weordfmampjcedilDaggerjv daggerhb big
(Medium soft) nq Zv daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
5 Bracket ev appliance -Gi Dci bxDaggerP 45 daggerKvDaggerY eordfvk aDaggeri `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
6 Lye daggerRvDaggeri Pvc w`Daggerq eordfvk Kiv hvDaggere bv| GDaggerZ KDaggeri Appliance LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
7 `vuDaggerZi daggerh cvDaggerk Appliance AvDaggerQ daggermB cvDaggerk Appliance -Gi Dci AvjDaggerZvfvDaggere
NywiDaggerq NywiDaggerq eordfvk KDaggeri `vuZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| `vuDaggerZi Abumlvbuml cvkcedilDaggerjvI daggerhb
fvDaggerjvfvDaggere cwireglsaquovi Kiv nq daggermw`DaggerK daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
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8 cOumlwZevi Lvevi Gi ci eordfvk Kiv mcurrencente bv nDaggerj LyefvDaggerjv KDaggeri KzjKzwP KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
9 `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerSi gqjv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Dental Floss eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
DaggerKvb KvwV ev myuB w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerLvPvDaggerbv hvDaggere bv|
10 wRnŸv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Tongue Cleanser eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
11 cOumlDaggerqvRDaggerb fvDaggerjv Mouth Wash eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere ZDaggerewPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy
Abyhvqx|
12 `vuDaggerZi gvwo Avfrac12yj w`Daggerq Massage Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
13 daggerKvb appliance daggerfDaggerfrac12 daggerMDaggerj ev LyDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ev Appliance Gi KviDaggerY gyDaggerL daggerKvb
mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj dagger`ix bv KDaggeri mDaggerfrac12 mDaggerfrac12 Orthondontist-Gi civgkcopy wbDaggerZ nDaggere|
14 wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq ksup3 Lvevi (nvo AvL) LvIqv cwinvi KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
15 AvVvDaggerjv RvZxq Lvevi (PzBs Mvg) LvIqv ev` w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
16 daggercqviv AvDaggercj ev daggerh daggerKvb ksup3 Lvevi Kvgo w`Daggerq bv daggerLDaggerq daggerQvU daggerQvU UzKiv KDaggeri
daggerLDaggerZ nDaggere|
17 Orthodontist DaggerhfvDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK AvmDaggerZ ejDaggereb (1gvm ci ci) AekumlB Zv cvjb
KiDaggerZ nDaggere| bv nDaggerj daggerivMxi wPwKrmv daggerkl nDaggerZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi daggerewk jvMDaggere|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbPz `vuZ wVK Kivi Rbuml daggerhgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Oslashviv mwVK wPwKrmv daggerZgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerivMx Ges daggerivMxi AwffveDaggerKi
mnDaggerhvwMZv Ges Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy Abyhvqx Pjv| ZDaggereB DaggerivMx wPwKrmv DaggerkDaggerl cvDaggere
KvwldquoparaZ myrsaquo`i `vuZ|
49
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
50
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ dnotwms
51
daggerQvAElig GKwU evMvDaggerb hw` ADaggerbKcedilDaggerjv MvQ daggereDaggero DVDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZDaggere ADaggerbK MvDaggerQi macr^vfvweK ebdquowtimes
weboacute nq Ges evMvbwU wKQyw`b ci Nb Rfrac12Daggerj cwiYZ nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK| ZLb hw` daggermLvb
dagger_DaggerK wKQy MvQ daggerKDaggerU daggerdjv nq ZDaggere evMvbwUi evKxMvQcedilDaggerjv iparav daggercDaggerq macr^vfvweKfvDaggere daggereDaggero
DVDaggere|
daggerZgwb gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerh cwigvY RvqMv AvDaggerQ Zvi daggerPDaggerq hw` `vuDaggerZi msLumlv daggerewk wKsev
`vuZ Lye daggerekx AvuKv evKv DuPz `uvZ _vKDaggerj ZDaggere Zv wVK KDaggeri `vuZDaggerK mywebumlvmacrmdash myrsaquo`i KDaggeri
daggerZvjvi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgq daggerivMxi wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB daggerivMx ev
Zvi AwffveK `vuZ daggerZvjvi K_v iumlbDaggerj fq cvq| Zviv fvDaggere `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ ADaggerbK euml_v
jvMDaggere ev daggerPvDaggerLi daggereordfBDaggerbi hw` daggerKvb parawZ nq| Zviv Orthodontist daggerK `vuZ bv ZzDaggerj
wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml AbyDaggeriva KDaggeri _vDaggerK| wKšlsquo ZvDagger`i G mKj aviYv mcurrenuacute~Ycopy Ag~jK| `vuZ
ZzjDaggerj daggerPvDaggerLi ev daggereordfBDaggerbi daggerKvb parawZ nqbv| GKRb AwfAacute wPwKrmK ZvB KiDaggereb hv KiDaggerj
daggerivMxi wPwKrmv fvDaggerjvfvDaggere mcurrenuacutebœ nDaggere Ges daggerivMx I Zvi AwffveK mšlsquowoacute jvf KiDaggere| Avi
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM wbw copyoacute rsquovb fvDaggerjvfvDaggere Aek KDaggeri wbDaggerj Ges wPwKrmDaggerKi dagger`qv DcDagger`k `vuZ
daggerZvjvi w`b I cieZcopyx KDaggerqKw`b mwVKfvDaggere daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj `vuZ daggerZvjvi ci daggerivMxi daggerZgb daggerKvb
Amyweav nq bv ejDaggerjB PDaggerj|
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`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM
`vuZ daggerZvjvi cDaggeri
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ADaggerbDaggerKB AvDaggerQb hviv ivDaggerZ NygvDaggerbvi AvDaggerM Ges mKvDaggerj bvmacrmdashv Lvevi ci `vuZ eordfvk
KDaggerib `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Kvj wejcurren^ bv KDaggeri `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggerib
`vuDaggerZi mymacrrsquoZvi Rbuml hv hv `iKvi Zviv Zv-B KDaggerib| GmeB nDaggerjv fvDaggerjv Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi
Rbuml LyeB DcKvix|
wKšlsquo Ggb wKQy Afumlvm AvDaggerQ hv gyL I `vuDaggerZi macr^vDaggermacrrsquoumli Rbuml LyeB parawZKi| Gme
e`AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi bvbv aiDaggerYi mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q| GB AfumlvmcedilDaggerjvi gDaggerauml Avfrac12yj
daggerPvlv wRnŸampv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv ev daggerVjv dagger`Iqv daggerKvb mgmumlv bv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI gyL w`Daggerq wbkbrvbarvm
daggerbqv daggerVvuU I bL KvgovDaggerbv AbumlZg|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK| evev gv hw` GUv daggerLqvj KDaggerib ZDaggere wkiumlDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere daggerh Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv Lvivc| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz nDaggerq hvq ADaggerbK mgq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bvI coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Open bite) bxDaggerPi
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daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZcedilDaggerjv msKzwPZ nDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK hZUzKz daggerXDaggerK ivLv
DwPZ Zv KDaggerg daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerbvi ci I hw` Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm bv KDaggerg ZDaggere wkiumli 2-3 eQi eqm
chcopyšmdash ADaggercparav KiDaggerZ nDaggere| ADaggerbK mgq 3 eQi eqDaggermi ci wkiumli GB Afumlvm PDaggerj hvq|
ZviciI hw` wkiuml G Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere GKRb AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12
civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| wPwKrmK `iKvi gDaggerb nDaggerj daggerKvb Appliance ev hšiquest w`Daggereb hv
wkiumlDaggerK GB Afumlvm `~i KiDaggerZ mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wkiumli hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK ZDaggere DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DPuy nDaggerq hvq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bv coDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerivMx gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri
wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq Avcbvi daggermvbvgwbi hw` Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml
parawZKi ZDaggere cOuml_DaggergB ZvDaggerK eySvb| ZvDaggerZ KvR bv nDaggerj Aemacrrsquov hvDaggerZ AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv
hvq daggermRbuml AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy Kisbquob|
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OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
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CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
57
KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
59
GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
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ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
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daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
44
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerKvb eqDaggerm iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ Zv AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKiB ARvbv|
ADaggerbK AwffveKB eySDaggerZ cvDaggerib bv wkiumli ADagger_copyvWbwUK mgmumlvi Rbuml daggerKvb eqDaggerm
Orthodontist Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| AAacutevbZvi Rbuml ev Abuml daggerKvb wOslashav-OslashDaggerrsaquo`i
KviDaggerY Zviv ADaggerbK mgqB ADaggerbK dagger`ix KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ AvDaggermb wPwKrmvi
Rbuml| dDaggerj wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc wPwKrmvi eumlvwszligKvj daggereDaggero hvq| wKQyDaggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK
chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc dagger`Lv hvq mgmumlvwU gvivZyenK chcopyvDaggerq PDaggerj wMDaggerqDaggerQ| wKQy daggerparaDaggerIcirc
wPwKrmvi djvdj Avkvbyiƒc nq bv| KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv KZUv
Risbquoix| GLb Avwg ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi eqm mxgv wbDaggerq AvDaggerjvPbv KDaggeri AvcbvDagger`i
wKQyUv nDaggerjI aviYv dagger`qvi daggerPoacutev Kie|
AvgvDagger`i dagger`Daggerk ADaggerbK wkiumlB daggerVvuU ev Zvjy KvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY KDaggeri| Kzmsmacrlsaquoviv‛Qbœ
gvbyliv GDaggerK Awfkvc ev fvDaggerMumli wjLb gDaggerb KDaggeri nvZ cv cedilwUDaggerq eDaggerm _vDaggerK daggerKvb wPwKrmDaggerKi
civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri bv| wKšlsquo gDaggerb ivLDaggereb daggerVvuU ev ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumli
AwffveKDagger`i DwPZ RDaggerbyeni ci ciB GKRb AwfAacute Orhodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY Kiv|
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KviY G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i RDaggerbyeni ciB cOumlavb I cOuml_g daggerh mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q Zv nDaggerjv Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mgmumlv| Orthodontist Gmgq GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv wkiumlDaggerK Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml LyeB parawZKi GKwU Afumlvm|
mvaviYZ `yB dagger_DaggerK wZb eQi eqDaggermi gDaggerauml Avcbv Avcwb wkiuml G AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KDaggeri daggerdDaggerj|
wKšlsquo ZviciI hw` wkiuml AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere AwffveKDagger`i Gi parawZKi w`KwU
mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere Ges microgvMZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv PjDaggerZ _vKDaggerj wkiumlDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj G AfumlvmwU
`~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance) bullZwi KDaggeri w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib
hvDaggerZ KDaggeri fwelumlDaggerZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi KviDaggerY wkiumli `vuDaggerZi webumlvm AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv hvq|
mvaviYZ 5-6 eQi eqm dagger_DaggerK wkiumlDagger`i `ya `vuZ coDaggerZ iumlisbquo KDaggeri| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK mgq
dagger`Lv hvq AvNvZ RwbZ paraq RwbZ ev Abuml daggerKvb daggerivDaggerMi KviDaggerY wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya
`vuZ cDaggero hvq ev daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| `vuZ covi ci daggerh dvuKv RvqMvwU _vDaggerK daggerm RvqMvwU ZLb
`yB cvDaggerki `vuZ w`Daggerq eUuml nDaggerq hvq| dDaggerj rsquovqx `vuZ DVvi Rbuml chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv daggercDaggerq
Amacr^vfvweK daggerKvb RvqMvq `vuZ DDaggerV Ges `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi mcurrencentvebv daggereDaggero hvq| GB dvuKv
macrrsquovbwU hvDaggerZ cvDaggerki `vuZ Oslashviv eUuml bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl hšiquest bullZwi
KDaggeri w`Daggereb hvDaggerK Space maintainer eDaggerj| KvDaggerRB daggerKvb `ya`vuZ hw` Zvi wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi
AvDaggerM cDaggero hvq ZDaggere dagger`ix bv KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi mvDagger_ dagger`Lv Kisbquob|
ADaggerbK ev‛PvDagger`i dagger`Lv hvq DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj daggerewk evoDaggerQ ev hZUzKz evovi K_v
ZZUzKz evoDaggerQ bv| Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc evošmdash eqDaggerm (6-12) Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cOumlDaggerqvRb AbymvDaggeri Face
mask ev Chin cap eumlenvi KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb hv ev‛Pvi DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimesDaggerK
mwVK AmacrrsquovDaggerb wbDaggerZ mnvqZv KiDaggere|
DaggerVuvU I ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i daggerVvuU I Zvjy kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wVK
Kivi ci mwVK mgq Orthodontist Gmiddotcvbmb macrŒz (Expansion screw) ZvjyDaggerZ jvwMDaggerq
dagger`b hvDaggerZ DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq| G wkiumlDagger`i 8-10 eQi eqDaggerm bone
46
grafting Kivi Rbuml kjuml wPwKrmKDaggerK cOumlDaggerqvRbxq civgkcopy I mnvqZv w`Daggerq _vDaggerKb
Orthodontist|
6-12 eQi eqDaggerm hLb wkiumli gyDaggerL `ya I macrrsquovqx Dfq cOumlKvi `vuZ we`umlgvb ZLb hw`
`vuDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo (Cross bite) daggerewk Kvgo (Deep bite) dagger`Lv hvq ZDaggere
Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRbxq eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggereb hvDaggerZ fwelumlDaggerZ KvgocedilDaggerjv AvDaggeriv Lvivc -Gi w`DaggerK
bv hvq|
`ya `vuZ me cDaggero hvevi ci I macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVvi ci AvuKv evuKv DuPz -bxPz `vuZ wVK
Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS Removable Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ
ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere) ev Fixed Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere bv) w`Daggerq
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb|
ADaggerbDaggerKiB gDaggerbB cOumlkœ _vDaggerK daggerh daggerewk eqDaggerm Orthodontic wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere wKbv|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuZ nvo I GDagger`i mvDagger_ mcurrenuacuteKcopyhysup3 structure cedilDaggerjv fvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZDaggere daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv Kiv mcurrencente|
cOumlvszlig eqDaggerm hw` DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj hw` Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes daggercDaggerq _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv
wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj kjuml wPwKrmvi Oslashvimacrrsquo nDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi mdjZv wbfcopyi KDaggeri wPwKrmDaggerKi AwfAacuteZv daggerivMx I Zvi
AwffveDaggerKi mnDaggerhvwMZv I mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi Dci|
gDaggerb ivLDaggereb mgDaggerqi GK daggerdvuo AmgDaggerqi `k daggerdvuo| mwVK mgDaggerq mwVK KvRwU KiDaggerj
Avcwb daggerh djvdj cvDaggereb dagger`ix KDaggeri KvRwU KiDaggerj daggermB djvdj Avcwb bvI daggercDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
Avcbvi daggerKvb wbKURDaggerbi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj mwVK mgDaggerq Orthodontist
Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggerZ fyjDaggereb bv daggerhb|
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Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Dci Bracket
ev Brace covDaggerbv _vDaggerK| Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq
Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv wbDagger`kcopyvejx wVKgZ daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj wPwKrmv cieZcopyx RwUjZv dagger`Lv
dagger`evi mcurrencentvebv LyeB Kg|
Fixed Orthodontic treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq gyL I `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZ weDaggerkl hZœ wbDaggerZ
nDaggere| daggerhme welDaggerqi Dci daggerewk daggerewk bRi ivLDaggerZ nDaggere Zv bxDaggerP dagger`qv nDaggerjvt
1 daggerhw`b daggerivMxi gyDaggerL Bracket emvDaggerbv nDaggere Zvici dagger_DaggerK 24 NrsaquoUv chcopyšmdash ksup3 Lvevi
LvIqv DwPZ bq| GDaggerZ Bracket LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| H 24 NrsaquoUv Lye daggerRvDaggeri daggerRvDaggeri `vuZ
eordfvk Kiv I DwPZ bq| daggerivMx Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv civgkcopy Abyhvqx `vuZ eordfvk
KiDaggere I macr^vfvweK Lvevi LvDaggere|
2 Bracket covDaggerbvi 2-3 w`b chcopyšmdash daggerivMxi GKUz Amacr^wmacrmdash nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GDaggerZ fDaggerqi wKQy
daggerbB| gyDaggerL bZzb wKQy wRwbm emvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2-3 w`b ci Zv AfumlvDaggerm cwiYZ nDaggerq
hvDaggere|
3 cOumlwZevi Lvevi LvIqvi ci AekumlB `vuZ fvDaggerjvfvDaggere eordfvk KiDaggerZ nDaggere| mKvDaggerj I ivDaggerZ
daggerdnotvivBW hysup3 Uz_Daggercdivide w`Daggerq `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggere| Abumlvbuml mgq Uz_ daggercoacute Qvov eordfvk KiDaggerjI
PjDaggere|
4 cOumlwZ wZb (3) gvm ci ci Uz_eordfvk e`j KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Uz_eordfvDaggerki weordfmampjcedilDaggerjv daggerhb big
(Medium soft) nq Zv daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
5 Bracket ev appliance -Gi Dci bxDaggerP 45 daggerKvDaggerY eordfvk aDaggeri `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
6 Lye daggerRvDaggeri Pvc w`Daggerq eordfvk Kiv hvDaggere bv| GDaggerZ KDaggeri Appliance LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
7 `vuDaggerZi daggerh cvDaggerk Appliance AvDaggerQ daggermB cvDaggerk Appliance -Gi Dci AvjDaggerZvfvDaggere
NywiDaggerq NywiDaggerq eordfvk KDaggeri `vuZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| `vuDaggerZi Abumlvbuml cvkcedilDaggerjvI daggerhb
fvDaggerjvfvDaggere cwireglsaquovi Kiv nq daggermw`DaggerK daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
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8 cOumlwZevi Lvevi Gi ci eordfvk Kiv mcurrencente bv nDaggerj LyefvDaggerjv KDaggeri KzjKzwP KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
9 `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerSi gqjv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Dental Floss eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
DaggerKvb KvwV ev myuB w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerLvPvDaggerbv hvDaggere bv|
10 wRnŸv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Tongue Cleanser eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
11 cOumlDaggerqvRDaggerb fvDaggerjv Mouth Wash eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere ZDaggerewPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy
Abyhvqx|
12 `vuDaggerZi gvwo Avfrac12yj w`Daggerq Massage Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
13 daggerKvb appliance daggerfDaggerfrac12 daggerMDaggerj ev LyDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ev Appliance Gi KviDaggerY gyDaggerL daggerKvb
mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj dagger`ix bv KDaggeri mDaggerfrac12 mDaggerfrac12 Orthondontist-Gi civgkcopy wbDaggerZ nDaggere|
14 wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq ksup3 Lvevi (nvo AvL) LvIqv cwinvi KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
15 AvVvDaggerjv RvZxq Lvevi (PzBs Mvg) LvIqv ev` w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
16 daggercqviv AvDaggercj ev daggerh daggerKvb ksup3 Lvevi Kvgo w`Daggerq bv daggerLDaggerq daggerQvU daggerQvU UzKiv KDaggeri
daggerLDaggerZ nDaggere|
17 Orthodontist DaggerhfvDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK AvmDaggerZ ejDaggereb (1gvm ci ci) AekumlB Zv cvjb
KiDaggerZ nDaggere| bv nDaggerj daggerivMxi wPwKrmv daggerkl nDaggerZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi daggerewk jvMDaggere|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbPz `vuZ wVK Kivi Rbuml daggerhgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Oslashviv mwVK wPwKrmv daggerZgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerivMx Ges daggerivMxi AwffveDaggerKi
mnDaggerhvwMZv Ges Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy Abyhvqx Pjv| ZDaggereB DaggerivMx wPwKrmv DaggerkDaggerl cvDaggere
KvwldquoparaZ myrsaquo`i `vuZ|
49
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
50
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ dnotwms
51
daggerQvAElig GKwU evMvDaggerb hw` ADaggerbKcedilDaggerjv MvQ daggereDaggero DVDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZDaggere ADaggerbK MvDaggerQi macr^vfvweK ebdquowtimes
weboacute nq Ges evMvbwU wKQyw`b ci Nb Rfrac12Daggerj cwiYZ nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK| ZLb hw` daggermLvb
dagger_DaggerK wKQy MvQ daggerKDaggerU daggerdjv nq ZDaggere evMvbwUi evKxMvQcedilDaggerjv iparav daggercDaggerq macr^vfvweKfvDaggere daggereDaggero
DVDaggere|
daggerZgwb gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerh cwigvY RvqMv AvDaggerQ Zvi daggerPDaggerq hw` `vuDaggerZi msLumlv daggerewk wKsev
`vuZ Lye daggerekx AvuKv evKv DuPz `uvZ _vKDaggerj ZDaggere Zv wVK KDaggeri `vuZDaggerK mywebumlvmacrmdash myrsaquo`i KDaggeri
daggerZvjvi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgq daggerivMxi wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB daggerivMx ev
Zvi AwffveK `vuZ daggerZvjvi K_v iumlbDaggerj fq cvq| Zviv fvDaggere `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ ADaggerbK euml_v
jvMDaggere ev daggerPvDaggerLi daggereordfBDaggerbi hw` daggerKvb parawZ nq| Zviv Orthodontist daggerK `vuZ bv ZzDaggerj
wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml AbyDaggeriva KDaggeri _vDaggerK| wKšlsquo ZvDagger`i G mKj aviYv mcurrenuacute~Ycopy Ag~jK| `vuZ
ZzjDaggerj daggerPvDaggerLi ev daggereordfBDaggerbi daggerKvb parawZ nqbv| GKRb AwfAacute wPwKrmK ZvB KiDaggereb hv KiDaggerj
daggerivMxi wPwKrmv fvDaggerjvfvDaggere mcurrenuacutebœ nDaggere Ges daggerivMx I Zvi AwffveK mšlsquowoacute jvf KiDaggere| Avi
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM wbw copyoacute rsquovb fvDaggerjvfvDaggere Aek KDaggeri wbDaggerj Ges wPwKrmDaggerKi dagger`qv DcDagger`k `vuZ
daggerZvjvi w`b I cieZcopyx KDaggerqKw`b mwVKfvDaggere daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj `vuZ daggerZvjvi ci daggerivMxi daggerZgb daggerKvb
Amyweav nq bv ejDaggerjB PDaggerj|
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`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM
`vuZ daggerZvjvi cDaggeri
53
ADaggerbDaggerKB AvDaggerQb hviv ivDaggerZ NygvDaggerbvi AvDaggerM Ges mKvDaggerj bvmacrmdashv Lvevi ci `vuZ eordfvk
KDaggerib `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Kvj wejcurren^ bv KDaggeri `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggerib
`vuDaggerZi mymacrrsquoZvi Rbuml hv hv `iKvi Zviv Zv-B KDaggerib| GmeB nDaggerjv fvDaggerjv Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi
Rbuml LyeB DcKvix|
wKšlsquo Ggb wKQy Afumlvm AvDaggerQ hv gyL I `vuDaggerZi macr^vDaggermacrrsquoumli Rbuml LyeB parawZKi| Gme
e`AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi bvbv aiDaggerYi mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q| GB AfumlvmcedilDaggerjvi gDaggerauml Avfrac12yj
daggerPvlv wRnŸampv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv ev daggerVjv dagger`Iqv daggerKvb mgmumlv bv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI gyL w`Daggerq wbkbrvbarvm
daggerbqv daggerVvuU I bL KvgovDaggerbv AbumlZg|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK| evev gv hw` GUv daggerLqvj KDaggerib ZDaggere wkiumlDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere daggerh Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv Lvivc| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz nDaggerq hvq ADaggerbK mgq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bvI coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Open bite) bxDaggerPi
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daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZcedilDaggerjv msKzwPZ nDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK hZUzKz daggerXDaggerK ivLv
DwPZ Zv KDaggerg daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerbvi ci I hw` Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm bv KDaggerg ZDaggere wkiumli 2-3 eQi eqm
chcopyšmdash ADaggercparav KiDaggerZ nDaggere| ADaggerbK mgq 3 eQi eqDaggermi ci wkiumli GB Afumlvm PDaggerj hvq|
ZviciI hw` wkiuml G Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere GKRb AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12
civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| wPwKrmK `iKvi gDaggerb nDaggerj daggerKvb Appliance ev hšiquest w`Daggereb hv
wkiumlDaggerK GB Afumlvm `~i KiDaggerZ mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wkiumli hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK ZDaggere DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DPuy nDaggerq hvq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bv coDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerivMx gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri
wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq Avcbvi daggermvbvgwbi hw` Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml
parawZKi ZDaggere cOuml_DaggergB ZvDaggerK eySvb| ZvDaggerZ KvR bv nDaggerj Aemacrrsquov hvDaggerZ AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv
hvq daggermRbuml AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy Kisbquob|
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OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
56
CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
57
KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
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GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
60
ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
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daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
45
KviY G aiDaggerYi wkiumlDagger`i RDaggerbyeni ciB cOumlavb I cOuml_g daggerh mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q Zv nDaggerjv Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mgmumlv| Orthodontist Gmgq GKwU weDaggerkl daggercshyU bullZwi KDaggeri w`Daggereb hv wkiumlDaggerK Lvevi daggerLDaggerZ
mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml LyeB parawZKi GKwU Afumlvm|
mvaviYZ `yB dagger_DaggerK wZb eQi eqDaggermi gDaggerauml Avcbv Avcwb wkiuml G AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KDaggeri daggerdDaggerj|
wKšlsquo ZviciI hw` wkiuml AfumlvmwU ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere AwffveKDagger`i Gi parawZKi w`KwU
mcurrenuacuteDaggerKcopy wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerZ nDaggere Ges microgvMZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv PjDaggerZ _vKDaggerj wkiumlDaggerK GKRb
Orthodontist Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ nDaggere| Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj G AfumlvmwU
`~i Kivi Rbuml wKQy weDaggerkl hšiquest (Habit breaking appliance) bullZwi KDaggeri w`DaggerZ cvDaggerib
hvDaggerZ KDaggeri fwelumlDaggerZ Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi KviDaggerY wkiumli `vuDaggerZi webumlvm AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv hvq|
mvaviYZ 5-6 eQi eqm dagger_DaggerK wkiumlDagger`i `ya `vuZ coDaggerZ iumlisbquo KDaggeri| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK mgq
dagger`Lv hvq AvNvZ RwbZ paraq RwbZ ev Abuml daggerKvb daggerivDaggerMi KviDaggerY wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi AvDaggerMB `ya
`vuZ cDaggero hvq ev daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| `vuZ covi ci daggerh dvuKv RvqMvwU _vDaggerK daggerm RvqMvwU ZLb
`yB cvDaggerki `vuZ w`Daggerq eUuml nDaggerq hvq| dDaggerj rsquovqx `vuZ DVvi Rbuml chcopyvszlig RvqMv bv daggercDaggerq
Amacr^vfvweK daggerKvb RvqMvq `vuZ DDaggerV Ges `vuZ AvuKv evuKv nevi mcurrencentvebv daggereDaggero hvq| GB dvuKv
macrrsquovbwU hvDaggerZ cvDaggerki `vuZ Oslashviv eUuml bv nDaggerq hvq daggermRbuml Orthodontist GKwU weDaggerkl hšiquest bullZwi
KDaggeri w`Daggereb hvDaggerK Space maintainer eDaggerj| KvDaggerRB daggerKvb `ya`vuZ hw` Zvi wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi
AvDaggerM cDaggero hvq ZDaggere dagger`ix bv KDaggeri Orthodontist Gi mvDagger_ dagger`Lv Kisbquob|
ADaggerbK ev‛PvDagger`i dagger`Lv hvq DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj daggerewk evoDaggerQ ev hZUzKz evovi K_v
ZZUzKz evoDaggerQ bv| Gme daggerparaDaggerIcirc evošmdash eqDaggerm (6-12) Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggeri
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo Kiv DwPZ| Orthodontist daggerivMxDaggerK cixparav KDaggeri cOumlDaggerqvRb AbymvDaggeri Face
mask ev Chin cap eumlenvi KiDaggerZ w`Daggereb hv ev‛Pvi DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji ebdquowtimesDaggerK
mwVK AmacrrsquovDaggerb wbDaggerZ mnvqZv KiDaggere|
DaggerVuvU I ZvjyKvUv wbDaggerq RbyenMOumlnY Kiv wkiumlDagger`i daggerVvuU I Zvjy kjuml wPwKrmvi gvaumlDaggerg wVK
Kivi ci mwVK mgq Orthodontist Gmiddotcvbmb macrŒz (Expansion screw) ZvjyDaggerZ jvwMDaggerq
dagger`b hvDaggerZ DcDaggerii daggerPvqvj msKzwPZ bv nDaggerq hvq| G wkiumlDagger`i 8-10 eQi eqDaggerm bone
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grafting Kivi Rbuml kjuml wPwKrmKDaggerK cOumlDaggerqvRbxq civgkcopy I mnvqZv w`Daggerq _vDaggerKb
Orthodontist|
6-12 eQi eqDaggerm hLb wkiumli gyDaggerL `ya I macrrsquovqx Dfq cOumlKvi `vuZ we`umlgvb ZLb hw`
`vuDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo (Cross bite) daggerewk Kvgo (Deep bite) dagger`Lv hvq ZDaggere
Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRbxq eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggereb hvDaggerZ fwelumlDaggerZ KvgocedilDaggerjv AvDaggeriv Lvivc -Gi w`DaggerK
bv hvq|
`ya `vuZ me cDaggero hvevi ci I macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVvi ci AvuKv evuKv DuPz -bxPz `vuZ wVK
Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS Removable Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ
ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere) ev Fixed Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere bv) w`Daggerq
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb|
ADaggerbDaggerKiB gDaggerbB cOumlkœ _vDaggerK daggerh daggerewk eqDaggerm Orthodontic wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere wKbv|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuZ nvo I GDagger`i mvDagger_ mcurrenuacuteKcopyhysup3 structure cedilDaggerjv fvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZDaggere daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv Kiv mcurrencente|
cOumlvszlig eqDaggerm hw` DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj hw` Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes daggercDaggerq _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv
wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj kjuml wPwKrmvi Oslashvimacrrsquo nDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi mdjZv wbfcopyi KDaggeri wPwKrmDaggerKi AwfAacuteZv daggerivMx I Zvi
AwffveDaggerKi mnDaggerhvwMZv I mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi Dci|
gDaggerb ivLDaggereb mgDaggerqi GK daggerdvuo AmgDaggerqi `k daggerdvuo| mwVK mgDaggerq mwVK KvRwU KiDaggerj
Avcwb daggerh djvdj cvDaggereb dagger`ix KDaggeri KvRwU KiDaggerj daggermB djvdj Avcwb bvI daggercDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
Avcbvi daggerKvb wbKURDaggerbi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj mwVK mgDaggerq Orthodontist
Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggerZ fyjDaggereb bv daggerhb|
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Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Dci Bracket
ev Brace covDaggerbv _vDaggerK| Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq
Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv wbDagger`kcopyvejx wVKgZ daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj wPwKrmv cieZcopyx RwUjZv dagger`Lv
dagger`evi mcurrencentvebv LyeB Kg|
Fixed Orthodontic treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq gyL I `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZ weDaggerkl hZœ wbDaggerZ
nDaggere| daggerhme welDaggerqi Dci daggerewk daggerewk bRi ivLDaggerZ nDaggere Zv bxDaggerP dagger`qv nDaggerjvt
1 daggerhw`b daggerivMxi gyDaggerL Bracket emvDaggerbv nDaggere Zvici dagger_DaggerK 24 NrsaquoUv chcopyšmdash ksup3 Lvevi
LvIqv DwPZ bq| GDaggerZ Bracket LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| H 24 NrsaquoUv Lye daggerRvDaggeri daggerRvDaggeri `vuZ
eordfvk Kiv I DwPZ bq| daggerivMx Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv civgkcopy Abyhvqx `vuZ eordfvk
KiDaggere I macr^vfvweK Lvevi LvDaggere|
2 Bracket covDaggerbvi 2-3 w`b chcopyšmdash daggerivMxi GKUz Amacr^wmacrmdash nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GDaggerZ fDaggerqi wKQy
daggerbB| gyDaggerL bZzb wKQy wRwbm emvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2-3 w`b ci Zv AfumlvDaggerm cwiYZ nDaggerq
hvDaggere|
3 cOumlwZevi Lvevi LvIqvi ci AekumlB `vuZ fvDaggerjvfvDaggere eordfvk KiDaggerZ nDaggere| mKvDaggerj I ivDaggerZ
daggerdnotvivBW hysup3 Uz_Daggercdivide w`Daggerq `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggere| Abumlvbuml mgq Uz_ daggercoacute Qvov eordfvk KiDaggerjI
PjDaggere|
4 cOumlwZ wZb (3) gvm ci ci Uz_eordfvk e`j KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Uz_eordfvDaggerki weordfmampjcedilDaggerjv daggerhb big
(Medium soft) nq Zv daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
5 Bracket ev appliance -Gi Dci bxDaggerP 45 daggerKvDaggerY eordfvk aDaggeri `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
6 Lye daggerRvDaggeri Pvc w`Daggerq eordfvk Kiv hvDaggere bv| GDaggerZ KDaggeri Appliance LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
7 `vuDaggerZi daggerh cvDaggerk Appliance AvDaggerQ daggermB cvDaggerk Appliance -Gi Dci AvjDaggerZvfvDaggere
NywiDaggerq NywiDaggerq eordfvk KDaggeri `vuZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| `vuDaggerZi Abumlvbuml cvkcedilDaggerjvI daggerhb
fvDaggerjvfvDaggere cwireglsaquovi Kiv nq daggermw`DaggerK daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
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8 cOumlwZevi Lvevi Gi ci eordfvk Kiv mcurrencente bv nDaggerj LyefvDaggerjv KDaggeri KzjKzwP KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
9 `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerSi gqjv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Dental Floss eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
DaggerKvb KvwV ev myuB w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerLvPvDaggerbv hvDaggere bv|
10 wRnŸv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Tongue Cleanser eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
11 cOumlDaggerqvRDaggerb fvDaggerjv Mouth Wash eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere ZDaggerewPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy
Abyhvqx|
12 `vuDaggerZi gvwo Avfrac12yj w`Daggerq Massage Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
13 daggerKvb appliance daggerfDaggerfrac12 daggerMDaggerj ev LyDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ev Appliance Gi KviDaggerY gyDaggerL daggerKvb
mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj dagger`ix bv KDaggeri mDaggerfrac12 mDaggerfrac12 Orthondontist-Gi civgkcopy wbDaggerZ nDaggere|
14 wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq ksup3 Lvevi (nvo AvL) LvIqv cwinvi KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
15 AvVvDaggerjv RvZxq Lvevi (PzBs Mvg) LvIqv ev` w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
16 daggercqviv AvDaggercj ev daggerh daggerKvb ksup3 Lvevi Kvgo w`Daggerq bv daggerLDaggerq daggerQvU daggerQvU UzKiv KDaggeri
daggerLDaggerZ nDaggere|
17 Orthodontist DaggerhfvDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK AvmDaggerZ ejDaggereb (1gvm ci ci) AekumlB Zv cvjb
KiDaggerZ nDaggere| bv nDaggerj daggerivMxi wPwKrmv daggerkl nDaggerZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi daggerewk jvMDaggere|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbPz `vuZ wVK Kivi Rbuml daggerhgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Oslashviv mwVK wPwKrmv daggerZgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerivMx Ges daggerivMxi AwffveDaggerKi
mnDaggerhvwMZv Ges Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy Abyhvqx Pjv| ZDaggereB DaggerivMx wPwKrmv DaggerkDaggerl cvDaggere
KvwldquoparaZ myrsaquo`i `vuZ|
49
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
50
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ dnotwms
51
daggerQvAElig GKwU evMvDaggerb hw` ADaggerbKcedilDaggerjv MvQ daggereDaggero DVDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZDaggere ADaggerbK MvDaggerQi macr^vfvweK ebdquowtimes
weboacute nq Ges evMvbwU wKQyw`b ci Nb Rfrac12Daggerj cwiYZ nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK| ZLb hw` daggermLvb
dagger_DaggerK wKQy MvQ daggerKDaggerU daggerdjv nq ZDaggere evMvbwUi evKxMvQcedilDaggerjv iparav daggercDaggerq macr^vfvweKfvDaggere daggereDaggero
DVDaggere|
daggerZgwb gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerh cwigvY RvqMv AvDaggerQ Zvi daggerPDaggerq hw` `vuDaggerZi msLumlv daggerewk wKsev
`vuZ Lye daggerekx AvuKv evKv DuPz `uvZ _vKDaggerj ZDaggere Zv wVK KDaggeri `vuZDaggerK mywebumlvmacrmdash myrsaquo`i KDaggeri
daggerZvjvi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgq daggerivMxi wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB daggerivMx ev
Zvi AwffveK `vuZ daggerZvjvi K_v iumlbDaggerj fq cvq| Zviv fvDaggere `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ ADaggerbK euml_v
jvMDaggere ev daggerPvDaggerLi daggereordfBDaggerbi hw` daggerKvb parawZ nq| Zviv Orthodontist daggerK `vuZ bv ZzDaggerj
wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml AbyDaggeriva KDaggeri _vDaggerK| wKšlsquo ZvDagger`i G mKj aviYv mcurrenuacute~Ycopy Ag~jK| `vuZ
ZzjDaggerj daggerPvDaggerLi ev daggereordfBDaggerbi daggerKvb parawZ nqbv| GKRb AwfAacute wPwKrmK ZvB KiDaggereb hv KiDaggerj
daggerivMxi wPwKrmv fvDaggerjvfvDaggere mcurrenuacutebœ nDaggere Ges daggerivMx I Zvi AwffveK mšlsquowoacute jvf KiDaggere| Avi
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM wbw copyoacute rsquovb fvDaggerjvfvDaggere Aek KDaggeri wbDaggerj Ges wPwKrmDaggerKi dagger`qv DcDagger`k `vuZ
daggerZvjvi w`b I cieZcopyx KDaggerqKw`b mwVKfvDaggere daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj `vuZ daggerZvjvi ci daggerivMxi daggerZgb daggerKvb
Amyweav nq bv ejDaggerjB PDaggerj|
52
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM
`vuZ daggerZvjvi cDaggeri
53
ADaggerbDaggerKB AvDaggerQb hviv ivDaggerZ NygvDaggerbvi AvDaggerM Ges mKvDaggerj bvmacrmdashv Lvevi ci `vuZ eordfvk
KDaggerib `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Kvj wejcurren^ bv KDaggeri `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggerib
`vuDaggerZi mymacrrsquoZvi Rbuml hv hv `iKvi Zviv Zv-B KDaggerib| GmeB nDaggerjv fvDaggerjv Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi
Rbuml LyeB DcKvix|
wKšlsquo Ggb wKQy Afumlvm AvDaggerQ hv gyL I `vuDaggerZi macr^vDaggermacrrsquoumli Rbuml LyeB parawZKi| Gme
e`AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi bvbv aiDaggerYi mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q| GB AfumlvmcedilDaggerjvi gDaggerauml Avfrac12yj
daggerPvlv wRnŸampv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv ev daggerVjv dagger`Iqv daggerKvb mgmumlv bv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI gyL w`Daggerq wbkbrvbarvm
daggerbqv daggerVvuU I bL KvgovDaggerbv AbumlZg|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK| evev gv hw` GUv daggerLqvj KDaggerib ZDaggere wkiumlDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere daggerh Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv Lvivc| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz nDaggerq hvq ADaggerbK mgq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bvI coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Open bite) bxDaggerPi
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daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZcedilDaggerjv msKzwPZ nDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK hZUzKz daggerXDaggerK ivLv
DwPZ Zv KDaggerg daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerbvi ci I hw` Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm bv KDaggerg ZDaggere wkiumli 2-3 eQi eqm
chcopyšmdash ADaggercparav KiDaggerZ nDaggere| ADaggerbK mgq 3 eQi eqDaggermi ci wkiumli GB Afumlvm PDaggerj hvq|
ZviciI hw` wkiuml G Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere GKRb AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12
civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| wPwKrmK `iKvi gDaggerb nDaggerj daggerKvb Appliance ev hšiquest w`Daggereb hv
wkiumlDaggerK GB Afumlvm `~i KiDaggerZ mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wkiumli hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK ZDaggere DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DPuy nDaggerq hvq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bv coDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerivMx gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri
wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq Avcbvi daggermvbvgwbi hw` Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml
parawZKi ZDaggere cOuml_DaggergB ZvDaggerK eySvb| ZvDaggerZ KvR bv nDaggerj Aemacrrsquov hvDaggerZ AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv
hvq daggermRbuml AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy Kisbquob|
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OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
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CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
57
KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
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GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
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ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
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daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
46
grafting Kivi Rbuml kjuml wPwKrmKDaggerK cOumlDaggerqvRbxq civgkcopy I mnvqZv w`Daggerq _vDaggerKb
Orthodontist|
6-12 eQi eqDaggerm hLb wkiumli gyDaggerL `ya I macrrsquovqx Dfq cOumlKvi `vuZ we`umlgvb ZLb hw`
`vuDaggerZ `uvDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo (Cross bite) daggerewk Kvgo (Deep bite) dagger`Lv hvq ZDaggere
Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRbxq eumlemacrrsquov wbDaggereb hvDaggerZ fwelumlDaggerZ KvgocedilDaggerjv AvDaggeriv Lvivc -Gi w`DaggerK
bv hvq|
`ya `vuZ me cDaggero hvevi ci I macrrsquovqx `vuZ DVvi ci AvuKv evuKv DuPz -bxPz `vuZ wVK
Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist Aemacrrsquov eyDaggerS Removable Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ
ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere) ev Fixed Appliance (hv daggerivMx wbDaggerR LyjDaggerZ ev coDaggerZ cviDaggere bv) w`Daggerq
wPwKrmv iumlisbquo KiDaggereb|
ADaggerbDaggerKiB gDaggerbB cOumlkœ _vDaggerK daggerh daggerewk eqDaggerm Orthodontic wPwKrmv Kiv hvDaggere wKbv|
hw` daggerivMxi `vuZ nvo I GDagger`i mvDagger_ mcurrenuacuteKcopyhysup3 structure cedilDaggerjv fvDaggerjv _vDaggerK ZDaggere daggerh daggerKvb
eqDaggermB ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv Kiv mcurrencente|
cOumlvszlig eqDaggerm hw` DcDaggerii ev bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvj hw` Amacr^vfvweKfvDaggere ebdquowtimes daggercDaggerq _vDaggerK ZDaggere Zv
wVK Kivi Rbuml Orthodontist cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj kjuml wPwKrmvi Oslashvimacrrsquo nDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi mdjZv wbfcopyi KDaggeri wPwKrmDaggerKi AwfAacuteZv daggerivMx I Zvi
AwffveDaggerKi mnDaggerhvwMZv I mwVK mgDaggerq wPwKrmv iumlisbquoi Dci|
gDaggerb ivLDaggereb mgDaggerqi GK daggerdvuo AmgDaggerqi `k daggerdvuo| mwVK mgDaggerq mwVK KvRwU KiDaggerj
Avcwb daggerh djvdj cvDaggereb dagger`ix KDaggeri KvRwU KiDaggerj daggermB djvdj Avcwb bvI daggercDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
Avcbvi daggerKvb wbKURDaggerbi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmvi cOumlDaggerqvRb nDaggerj mwVK mgDaggerq Orthodontist
Gi KvDaggerQ wbDaggerq wPwKrmv KivDaggerZ fyjDaggereb bv daggerhb|
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Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Dci Bracket
ev Brace covDaggerbv _vDaggerK| Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq
Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv wbDagger`kcopyvejx wVKgZ daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj wPwKrmv cieZcopyx RwUjZv dagger`Lv
dagger`evi mcurrencentvebv LyeB Kg|
Fixed Orthodontic treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq gyL I `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZ weDaggerkl hZœ wbDaggerZ
nDaggere| daggerhme welDaggerqi Dci daggerewk daggerewk bRi ivLDaggerZ nDaggere Zv bxDaggerP dagger`qv nDaggerjvt
1 daggerhw`b daggerivMxi gyDaggerL Bracket emvDaggerbv nDaggere Zvici dagger_DaggerK 24 NrsaquoUv chcopyšmdash ksup3 Lvevi
LvIqv DwPZ bq| GDaggerZ Bracket LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| H 24 NrsaquoUv Lye daggerRvDaggeri daggerRvDaggeri `vuZ
eordfvk Kiv I DwPZ bq| daggerivMx Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv civgkcopy Abyhvqx `vuZ eordfvk
KiDaggere I macr^vfvweK Lvevi LvDaggere|
2 Bracket covDaggerbvi 2-3 w`b chcopyšmdash daggerivMxi GKUz Amacr^wmacrmdash nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GDaggerZ fDaggerqi wKQy
daggerbB| gyDaggerL bZzb wKQy wRwbm emvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2-3 w`b ci Zv AfumlvDaggerm cwiYZ nDaggerq
hvDaggere|
3 cOumlwZevi Lvevi LvIqvi ci AekumlB `vuZ fvDaggerjvfvDaggere eordfvk KiDaggerZ nDaggere| mKvDaggerj I ivDaggerZ
daggerdnotvivBW hysup3 Uz_Daggercdivide w`Daggerq `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggere| Abumlvbuml mgq Uz_ daggercoacute Qvov eordfvk KiDaggerjI
PjDaggere|
4 cOumlwZ wZb (3) gvm ci ci Uz_eordfvk e`j KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Uz_eordfvDaggerki weordfmampjcedilDaggerjv daggerhb big
(Medium soft) nq Zv daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
5 Bracket ev appliance -Gi Dci bxDaggerP 45 daggerKvDaggerY eordfvk aDaggeri `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
6 Lye daggerRvDaggeri Pvc w`Daggerq eordfvk Kiv hvDaggere bv| GDaggerZ KDaggeri Appliance LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
7 `vuDaggerZi daggerh cvDaggerk Appliance AvDaggerQ daggermB cvDaggerk Appliance -Gi Dci AvjDaggerZvfvDaggere
NywiDaggerq NywiDaggerq eordfvk KDaggeri `vuZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| `vuDaggerZi Abumlvbuml cvkcedilDaggerjvI daggerhb
fvDaggerjvfvDaggere cwireglsaquovi Kiv nq daggermw`DaggerK daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
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8 cOumlwZevi Lvevi Gi ci eordfvk Kiv mcurrencente bv nDaggerj LyefvDaggerjv KDaggeri KzjKzwP KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
9 `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerSi gqjv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Dental Floss eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
DaggerKvb KvwV ev myuB w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerLvPvDaggerbv hvDaggere bv|
10 wRnŸv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Tongue Cleanser eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
11 cOumlDaggerqvRDaggerb fvDaggerjv Mouth Wash eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere ZDaggerewPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy
Abyhvqx|
12 `vuDaggerZi gvwo Avfrac12yj w`Daggerq Massage Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
13 daggerKvb appliance daggerfDaggerfrac12 daggerMDaggerj ev LyDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ev Appliance Gi KviDaggerY gyDaggerL daggerKvb
mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj dagger`ix bv KDaggeri mDaggerfrac12 mDaggerfrac12 Orthondontist-Gi civgkcopy wbDaggerZ nDaggere|
14 wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq ksup3 Lvevi (nvo AvL) LvIqv cwinvi KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
15 AvVvDaggerjv RvZxq Lvevi (PzBs Mvg) LvIqv ev` w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
16 daggercqviv AvDaggercj ev daggerh daggerKvb ksup3 Lvevi Kvgo w`Daggerq bv daggerLDaggerq daggerQvU daggerQvU UzKiv KDaggeri
daggerLDaggerZ nDaggere|
17 Orthodontist DaggerhfvDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK AvmDaggerZ ejDaggereb (1gvm ci ci) AekumlB Zv cvjb
KiDaggerZ nDaggere| bv nDaggerj daggerivMxi wPwKrmv daggerkl nDaggerZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi daggerewk jvMDaggere|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbPz `vuZ wVK Kivi Rbuml daggerhgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Oslashviv mwVK wPwKrmv daggerZgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerivMx Ges daggerivMxi AwffveDaggerKi
mnDaggerhvwMZv Ges Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy Abyhvqx Pjv| ZDaggereB DaggerivMx wPwKrmv DaggerkDaggerl cvDaggere
KvwldquoparaZ myrsaquo`i `vuZ|
49
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
50
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ dnotwms
51
daggerQvAElig GKwU evMvDaggerb hw` ADaggerbKcedilDaggerjv MvQ daggereDaggero DVDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZDaggere ADaggerbK MvDaggerQi macr^vfvweK ebdquowtimes
weboacute nq Ges evMvbwU wKQyw`b ci Nb Rfrac12Daggerj cwiYZ nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK| ZLb hw` daggermLvb
dagger_DaggerK wKQy MvQ daggerKDaggerU daggerdjv nq ZDaggere evMvbwUi evKxMvQcedilDaggerjv iparav daggercDaggerq macr^vfvweKfvDaggere daggereDaggero
DVDaggere|
daggerZgwb gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerh cwigvY RvqMv AvDaggerQ Zvi daggerPDaggerq hw` `vuDaggerZi msLumlv daggerewk wKsev
`vuZ Lye daggerekx AvuKv evKv DuPz `uvZ _vKDaggerj ZDaggere Zv wVK KDaggeri `vuZDaggerK mywebumlvmacrmdash myrsaquo`i KDaggeri
daggerZvjvi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgq daggerivMxi wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB daggerivMx ev
Zvi AwffveK `vuZ daggerZvjvi K_v iumlbDaggerj fq cvq| Zviv fvDaggere `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ ADaggerbK euml_v
jvMDaggere ev daggerPvDaggerLi daggereordfBDaggerbi hw` daggerKvb parawZ nq| Zviv Orthodontist daggerK `vuZ bv ZzDaggerj
wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml AbyDaggeriva KDaggeri _vDaggerK| wKšlsquo ZvDagger`i G mKj aviYv mcurrenuacute~Ycopy Ag~jK| `vuZ
ZzjDaggerj daggerPvDaggerLi ev daggereordfBDaggerbi daggerKvb parawZ nqbv| GKRb AwfAacute wPwKrmK ZvB KiDaggereb hv KiDaggerj
daggerivMxi wPwKrmv fvDaggerjvfvDaggere mcurrenuacutebœ nDaggere Ges daggerivMx I Zvi AwffveK mšlsquowoacute jvf KiDaggere| Avi
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM wbw copyoacute rsquovb fvDaggerjvfvDaggere Aek KDaggeri wbDaggerj Ges wPwKrmDaggerKi dagger`qv DcDagger`k `vuZ
daggerZvjvi w`b I cieZcopyx KDaggerqKw`b mwVKfvDaggere daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj `vuZ daggerZvjvi ci daggerivMxi daggerZgb daggerKvb
Amyweav nq bv ejDaggerjB PDaggerj|
52
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM
`vuZ daggerZvjvi cDaggeri
53
ADaggerbDaggerKB AvDaggerQb hviv ivDaggerZ NygvDaggerbvi AvDaggerM Ges mKvDaggerj bvmacrmdashv Lvevi ci `vuZ eordfvk
KDaggerib `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Kvj wejcurren^ bv KDaggeri `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggerib
`vuDaggerZi mymacrrsquoZvi Rbuml hv hv `iKvi Zviv Zv-B KDaggerib| GmeB nDaggerjv fvDaggerjv Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi
Rbuml LyeB DcKvix|
wKšlsquo Ggb wKQy Afumlvm AvDaggerQ hv gyL I `vuDaggerZi macr^vDaggermacrrsquoumli Rbuml LyeB parawZKi| Gme
e`AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi bvbv aiDaggerYi mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q| GB AfumlvmcedilDaggerjvi gDaggerauml Avfrac12yj
daggerPvlv wRnŸampv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv ev daggerVjv dagger`Iqv daggerKvb mgmumlv bv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI gyL w`Daggerq wbkbrvbarvm
daggerbqv daggerVvuU I bL KvgovDaggerbv AbumlZg|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK| evev gv hw` GUv daggerLqvj KDaggerib ZDaggere wkiumlDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere daggerh Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv Lvivc| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz nDaggerq hvq ADaggerbK mgq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bvI coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Open bite) bxDaggerPi
54
daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZcedilDaggerjv msKzwPZ nDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK hZUzKz daggerXDaggerK ivLv
DwPZ Zv KDaggerg daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerbvi ci I hw` Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm bv KDaggerg ZDaggere wkiumli 2-3 eQi eqm
chcopyšmdash ADaggercparav KiDaggerZ nDaggere| ADaggerbK mgq 3 eQi eqDaggermi ci wkiumli GB Afumlvm PDaggerj hvq|
ZviciI hw` wkiuml G Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere GKRb AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12
civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| wPwKrmK `iKvi gDaggerb nDaggerj daggerKvb Appliance ev hšiquest w`Daggereb hv
wkiumlDaggerK GB Afumlvm `~i KiDaggerZ mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wkiumli hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK ZDaggere DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DPuy nDaggerq hvq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bv coDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerivMx gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri
wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq Avcbvi daggermvbvgwbi hw` Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml
parawZKi ZDaggere cOuml_DaggergB ZvDaggerK eySvb| ZvDaggerZ KvR bv nDaggerj Aemacrrsquov hvDaggerZ AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv
hvq daggermRbuml AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy Kisbquob|
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OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
56
CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
57
KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
59
GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
60
ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
61
daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
47
Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq DaggerivMxi `vuDaggerZi Dci Bracket
ev Brace covDaggerbv _vDaggerK| Fixed Orthodontic Treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq
Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv wbDagger`kcopyvejx wVKgZ daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj wPwKrmv cieZcopyx RwUjZv dagger`Lv
dagger`evi mcurrencentvebv LyeB Kg|
Fixed Orthodontic treatment PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq gyL I `vuDaggerZi cOumlwZ weDaggerkl hZœ wbDaggerZ
nDaggere| daggerhme welDaggerqi Dci daggerewk daggerewk bRi ivLDaggerZ nDaggere Zv bxDaggerP dagger`qv nDaggerjvt
1 daggerhw`b daggerivMxi gyDaggerL Bracket emvDaggerbv nDaggere Zvici dagger_DaggerK 24 NrsaquoUv chcopyšmdash ksup3 Lvevi
LvIqv DwPZ bq| GDaggerZ Bracket LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri| H 24 NrsaquoUv Lye daggerRvDaggeri daggerRvDaggeri `vuZ
eordfvk Kiv I DwPZ bq| daggerivMx Orthodontist -Gi dagger`qv civgkcopy Abyhvqx `vuZ eordfvk
KiDaggere I macr^vfvweK Lvevi LvDaggere|
2 Bracket covDaggerbvi 2-3 w`b chcopyšmdash daggerivMxi GKUz Amacr^wmacrmdash nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| GDaggerZ fDaggerqi wKQy
daggerbB| gyDaggerL bZzb wKQy wRwbm emvDaggerbv nDaggerqDaggerQ 2-3 w`b ci Zv AfumlvDaggerm cwiYZ nDaggerq
hvDaggere|
3 cOumlwZevi Lvevi LvIqvi ci AekumlB `vuZ fvDaggerjvfvDaggere eordfvk KiDaggerZ nDaggere| mKvDaggerj I ivDaggerZ
daggerdnotvivBW hysup3 Uz_Daggercdivide w`Daggerq `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggere| Abumlvbuml mgq Uz_ daggercoacute Qvov eordfvk KiDaggerjI
PjDaggere|
4 cOumlwZ wZb (3) gvm ci ci Uz_eordfvk e`j KiDaggerZ nDaggere| Uz_eordfvDaggerki weordfmampjcedilDaggerjv daggerhb big
(Medium soft) nq Zv daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
5 Bracket ev appliance -Gi Dci bxDaggerP 45 daggerKvDaggerY eordfvk aDaggeri `vuZ eordfvk KiDaggerZ
nDaggere|
6 Lye daggerRvDaggeri Pvc w`Daggerq eordfvk Kiv hvDaggere bv| GDaggerZ KDaggeri Appliance LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
7 `vuDaggerZi daggerh cvDaggerk Appliance AvDaggerQ daggermB cvDaggerk Appliance -Gi Dci AvjDaggerZvfvDaggere
NywiDaggerq NywiDaggerq eordfvk KDaggeri `vuZ cwireglsaquovi KiDaggerZ nDaggere| `vuDaggerZi Abumlvbuml cvkcedilDaggerjvI daggerhb
fvDaggerjvfvDaggere cwireglsaquovi Kiv nq daggermw`DaggerK daggerLqvj ivLDaggerZ nDaggere|
48
8 cOumlwZevi Lvevi Gi ci eordfvk Kiv mcurrencente bv nDaggerj LyefvDaggerjv KDaggeri KzjKzwP KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
9 `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerSi gqjv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Dental Floss eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
DaggerKvb KvwV ev myuB w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerLvPvDaggerbv hvDaggere bv|
10 wRnŸv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Tongue Cleanser eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
11 cOumlDaggerqvRDaggerb fvDaggerjv Mouth Wash eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere ZDaggerewPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy
Abyhvqx|
12 `vuDaggerZi gvwo Avfrac12yj w`Daggerq Massage Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
13 daggerKvb appliance daggerfDaggerfrac12 daggerMDaggerj ev LyDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ev Appliance Gi KviDaggerY gyDaggerL daggerKvb
mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj dagger`ix bv KDaggeri mDaggerfrac12 mDaggerfrac12 Orthondontist-Gi civgkcopy wbDaggerZ nDaggere|
14 wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq ksup3 Lvevi (nvo AvL) LvIqv cwinvi KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
15 AvVvDaggerjv RvZxq Lvevi (PzBs Mvg) LvIqv ev` w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
16 daggercqviv AvDaggercj ev daggerh daggerKvb ksup3 Lvevi Kvgo w`Daggerq bv daggerLDaggerq daggerQvU daggerQvU UzKiv KDaggeri
daggerLDaggerZ nDaggere|
17 Orthodontist DaggerhfvDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK AvmDaggerZ ejDaggereb (1gvm ci ci) AekumlB Zv cvjb
KiDaggerZ nDaggere| bv nDaggerj daggerivMxi wPwKrmv daggerkl nDaggerZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi daggerewk jvMDaggere|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbPz `vuZ wVK Kivi Rbuml daggerhgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Oslashviv mwVK wPwKrmv daggerZgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerivMx Ges daggerivMxi AwffveDaggerKi
mnDaggerhvwMZv Ges Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy Abyhvqx Pjv| ZDaggereB DaggerivMx wPwKrmv DaggerkDaggerl cvDaggere
KvwldquoparaZ myrsaquo`i `vuZ|
49
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
50
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ dnotwms
51
daggerQvAElig GKwU evMvDaggerb hw` ADaggerbKcedilDaggerjv MvQ daggereDaggero DVDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZDaggere ADaggerbK MvDaggerQi macr^vfvweK ebdquowtimes
weboacute nq Ges evMvbwU wKQyw`b ci Nb Rfrac12Daggerj cwiYZ nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK| ZLb hw` daggermLvb
dagger_DaggerK wKQy MvQ daggerKDaggerU daggerdjv nq ZDaggere evMvbwUi evKxMvQcedilDaggerjv iparav daggercDaggerq macr^vfvweKfvDaggere daggereDaggero
DVDaggere|
daggerZgwb gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerh cwigvY RvqMv AvDaggerQ Zvi daggerPDaggerq hw` `vuDaggerZi msLumlv daggerewk wKsev
`vuZ Lye daggerekx AvuKv evKv DuPz `uvZ _vKDaggerj ZDaggere Zv wVK KDaggeri `vuZDaggerK mywebumlvmacrmdash myrsaquo`i KDaggeri
daggerZvjvi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgq daggerivMxi wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB daggerivMx ev
Zvi AwffveK `vuZ daggerZvjvi K_v iumlbDaggerj fq cvq| Zviv fvDaggere `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ ADaggerbK euml_v
jvMDaggere ev daggerPvDaggerLi daggereordfBDaggerbi hw` daggerKvb parawZ nq| Zviv Orthodontist daggerK `vuZ bv ZzDaggerj
wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml AbyDaggeriva KDaggeri _vDaggerK| wKšlsquo ZvDagger`i G mKj aviYv mcurrenuacute~Ycopy Ag~jK| `vuZ
ZzjDaggerj daggerPvDaggerLi ev daggereordfBDaggerbi daggerKvb parawZ nqbv| GKRb AwfAacute wPwKrmK ZvB KiDaggereb hv KiDaggerj
daggerivMxi wPwKrmv fvDaggerjvfvDaggere mcurrenuacutebœ nDaggere Ges daggerivMx I Zvi AwffveK mšlsquowoacute jvf KiDaggere| Avi
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM wbw copyoacute rsquovb fvDaggerjvfvDaggere Aek KDaggeri wbDaggerj Ges wPwKrmDaggerKi dagger`qv DcDagger`k `vuZ
daggerZvjvi w`b I cieZcopyx KDaggerqKw`b mwVKfvDaggere daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj `vuZ daggerZvjvi ci daggerivMxi daggerZgb daggerKvb
Amyweav nq bv ejDaggerjB PDaggerj|
52
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM
`vuZ daggerZvjvi cDaggeri
53
ADaggerbDaggerKB AvDaggerQb hviv ivDaggerZ NygvDaggerbvi AvDaggerM Ges mKvDaggerj bvmacrmdashv Lvevi ci `vuZ eordfvk
KDaggerib `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Kvj wejcurren^ bv KDaggeri `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggerib
`vuDaggerZi mymacrrsquoZvi Rbuml hv hv `iKvi Zviv Zv-B KDaggerib| GmeB nDaggerjv fvDaggerjv Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi
Rbuml LyeB DcKvix|
wKšlsquo Ggb wKQy Afumlvm AvDaggerQ hv gyL I `vuDaggerZi macr^vDaggermacrrsquoumli Rbuml LyeB parawZKi| Gme
e`AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi bvbv aiDaggerYi mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q| GB AfumlvmcedilDaggerjvi gDaggerauml Avfrac12yj
daggerPvlv wRnŸampv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv ev daggerVjv dagger`Iqv daggerKvb mgmumlv bv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI gyL w`Daggerq wbkbrvbarvm
daggerbqv daggerVvuU I bL KvgovDaggerbv AbumlZg|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK| evev gv hw` GUv daggerLqvj KDaggerib ZDaggere wkiumlDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere daggerh Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv Lvivc| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz nDaggerq hvq ADaggerbK mgq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bvI coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Open bite) bxDaggerPi
54
daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZcedilDaggerjv msKzwPZ nDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK hZUzKz daggerXDaggerK ivLv
DwPZ Zv KDaggerg daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerbvi ci I hw` Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm bv KDaggerg ZDaggere wkiumli 2-3 eQi eqm
chcopyšmdash ADaggercparav KiDaggerZ nDaggere| ADaggerbK mgq 3 eQi eqDaggermi ci wkiumli GB Afumlvm PDaggerj hvq|
ZviciI hw` wkiuml G Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere GKRb AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12
civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| wPwKrmK `iKvi gDaggerb nDaggerj daggerKvb Appliance ev hšiquest w`Daggereb hv
wkiumlDaggerK GB Afumlvm `~i KiDaggerZ mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wkiumli hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK ZDaggere DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DPuy nDaggerq hvq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bv coDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerivMx gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri
wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq Avcbvi daggermvbvgwbi hw` Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml
parawZKi ZDaggere cOuml_DaggergB ZvDaggerK eySvb| ZvDaggerZ KvR bv nDaggerj Aemacrrsquov hvDaggerZ AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv
hvq daggermRbuml AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy Kisbquob|
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OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
56
CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
57
KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
59
GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
60
ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
61
daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
48
8 cOumlwZevi Lvevi Gi ci eordfvk Kiv mcurrencente bv nDaggerj LyefvDaggerjv KDaggeri KzjKzwP KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
9 `yB `vuDaggerZi gvDaggerSi gqjv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Dental Floss eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere|
DaggerKvb KvwV ev myuB w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerLvPvDaggerbv hvDaggere bv|
10 wRnŸv cwireglsaquovi Kivi Rbuml Tongue Cleanser eumlenvi Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
11 cOumlDaggerqvRDaggerb fvDaggerjv Mouth Wash eumlenvi KiDaggerZ nDaggere ZDaggerewPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy
Abyhvqx|
12 `vuDaggerZi gvwo Avfrac12yj w`Daggerq Massage Kiv daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
13 daggerKvb appliance daggerfDaggerfrac12 daggerMDaggerj ev LyDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ev Appliance Gi KviDaggerY gyDaggerL daggerKvb
mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj dagger`ix bv KDaggeri mDaggerfrac12 mDaggerfrac12 Orthondontist-Gi civgkcopy wbDaggerZ nDaggere|
14 wPwKrmv PjvKvjxb mgDaggerq ksup3 Lvevi (nvo AvL) LvIqv cwinvi KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv nDaggere|
15 AvVvDaggerjv RvZxq Lvevi (PzBs Mvg) LvIqv ev` w`DaggerZ nDaggere|
16 daggercqviv AvDaggercj ev daggerh daggerKvb ksup3 Lvevi Kvgo w`Daggerq bv daggerLDaggerq daggerQvU daggerQvU UzKiv KDaggeri
daggerLDaggerZ nDaggere|
17 Orthodontist DaggerhfvDaggere DaggerivMxDaggerK AvmDaggerZ ejDaggereb (1gvm ci ci) AekumlB Zv cvjb
KiDaggerZ nDaggere| bv nDaggerj daggerivMxi wPwKrmv daggerkl nDaggerZ wbw`copyoacute mgDaggerqi daggerewk jvMDaggere|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq AvuKv-evuKv DuPz-wbPz `vuZ wVK Kivi Rbuml daggerhgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb AwfAacute
Orthodontist Oslashviv mwVK wPwKrmv daggerZgwb cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerivMx Ges daggerivMxi AwffveDaggerKi
mnDaggerhvwMZv Ges Orthodontist -Gi civgkcopy Abyhvqx Pjv| ZDaggereB DaggerivMx wPwKrmv DaggerkDaggerl cvDaggere
KvwldquoparaZ myrsaquo`i `vuZ|
49
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
50
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ dnotwms
51
daggerQvAElig GKwU evMvDaggerb hw` ADaggerbKcedilDaggerjv MvQ daggereDaggero DVDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZDaggere ADaggerbK MvDaggerQi macr^vfvweK ebdquowtimes
weboacute nq Ges evMvbwU wKQyw`b ci Nb Rfrac12Daggerj cwiYZ nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK| ZLb hw` daggermLvb
dagger_DaggerK wKQy MvQ daggerKDaggerU daggerdjv nq ZDaggere evMvbwUi evKxMvQcedilDaggerjv iparav daggercDaggerq macr^vfvweKfvDaggere daggereDaggero
DVDaggere|
daggerZgwb gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerh cwigvY RvqMv AvDaggerQ Zvi daggerPDaggerq hw` `vuDaggerZi msLumlv daggerewk wKsev
`vuZ Lye daggerekx AvuKv evKv DuPz `uvZ _vKDaggerj ZDaggere Zv wVK KDaggeri `vuZDaggerK mywebumlvmacrmdash myrsaquo`i KDaggeri
daggerZvjvi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgq daggerivMxi wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB daggerivMx ev
Zvi AwffveK `vuZ daggerZvjvi K_v iumlbDaggerj fq cvq| Zviv fvDaggere `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ ADaggerbK euml_v
jvMDaggere ev daggerPvDaggerLi daggereordfBDaggerbi hw` daggerKvb parawZ nq| Zviv Orthodontist daggerK `vuZ bv ZzDaggerj
wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml AbyDaggeriva KDaggeri _vDaggerK| wKšlsquo ZvDagger`i G mKj aviYv mcurrenuacute~Ycopy Ag~jK| `vuZ
ZzjDaggerj daggerPvDaggerLi ev daggereordfBDaggerbi daggerKvb parawZ nqbv| GKRb AwfAacute wPwKrmK ZvB KiDaggereb hv KiDaggerj
daggerivMxi wPwKrmv fvDaggerjvfvDaggere mcurrenuacutebœ nDaggere Ges daggerivMx I Zvi AwffveK mšlsquowoacute jvf KiDaggere| Avi
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM wbw copyoacute rsquovb fvDaggerjvfvDaggere Aek KDaggeri wbDaggerj Ges wPwKrmDaggerKi dagger`qv DcDagger`k `vuZ
daggerZvjvi w`b I cieZcopyx KDaggerqKw`b mwVKfvDaggere daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj `vuZ daggerZvjvi ci daggerivMxi daggerZgb daggerKvb
Amyweav nq bv ejDaggerjB PDaggerj|
52
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM
`vuZ daggerZvjvi cDaggeri
53
ADaggerbDaggerKB AvDaggerQb hviv ivDaggerZ NygvDaggerbvi AvDaggerM Ges mKvDaggerj bvmacrmdashv Lvevi ci `vuZ eordfvk
KDaggerib `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Kvj wejcurren^ bv KDaggeri `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggerib
`vuDaggerZi mymacrrsquoZvi Rbuml hv hv `iKvi Zviv Zv-B KDaggerib| GmeB nDaggerjv fvDaggerjv Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi
Rbuml LyeB DcKvix|
wKšlsquo Ggb wKQy Afumlvm AvDaggerQ hv gyL I `vuDaggerZi macr^vDaggermacrrsquoumli Rbuml LyeB parawZKi| Gme
e`AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi bvbv aiDaggerYi mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q| GB AfumlvmcedilDaggerjvi gDaggerauml Avfrac12yj
daggerPvlv wRnŸampv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv ev daggerVjv dagger`Iqv daggerKvb mgmumlv bv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI gyL w`Daggerq wbkbrvbarvm
daggerbqv daggerVvuU I bL KvgovDaggerbv AbumlZg|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK| evev gv hw` GUv daggerLqvj KDaggerib ZDaggere wkiumlDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere daggerh Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv Lvivc| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz nDaggerq hvq ADaggerbK mgq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bvI coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Open bite) bxDaggerPi
54
daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZcedilDaggerjv msKzwPZ nDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK hZUzKz daggerXDaggerK ivLv
DwPZ Zv KDaggerg daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerbvi ci I hw` Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm bv KDaggerg ZDaggere wkiumli 2-3 eQi eqm
chcopyšmdash ADaggercparav KiDaggerZ nDaggere| ADaggerbK mgq 3 eQi eqDaggermi ci wkiumli GB Afumlvm PDaggerj hvq|
ZviciI hw` wkiuml G Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere GKRb AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12
civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| wPwKrmK `iKvi gDaggerb nDaggerj daggerKvb Appliance ev hšiquest w`Daggereb hv
wkiumlDaggerK GB Afumlvm `~i KiDaggerZ mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wkiumli hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK ZDaggere DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DPuy nDaggerq hvq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bv coDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerivMx gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri
wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq Avcbvi daggermvbvgwbi hw` Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml
parawZKi ZDaggere cOuml_DaggergB ZvDaggerK eySvb| ZvDaggerZ KvR bv nDaggerj Aemacrrsquov hvDaggerZ AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv
hvq daggermRbuml AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy Kisbquob|
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OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
56
CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
57
KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
59
GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
60
ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
61
daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
49
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ eordfvwks
50
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ dnotwms
51
daggerQvAElig GKwU evMvDaggerb hw` ADaggerbKcedilDaggerjv MvQ daggereDaggero DVDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZDaggere ADaggerbK MvDaggerQi macr^vfvweK ebdquowtimes
weboacute nq Ges evMvbwU wKQyw`b ci Nb Rfrac12Daggerj cwiYZ nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK| ZLb hw` daggermLvb
dagger_DaggerK wKQy MvQ daggerKDaggerU daggerdjv nq ZDaggere evMvbwUi evKxMvQcedilDaggerjv iparav daggercDaggerq macr^vfvweKfvDaggere daggereDaggero
DVDaggere|
daggerZgwb gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerh cwigvY RvqMv AvDaggerQ Zvi daggerPDaggerq hw` `vuDaggerZi msLumlv daggerewk wKsev
`vuZ Lye daggerekx AvuKv evKv DuPz `uvZ _vKDaggerj ZDaggere Zv wVK KDaggeri `vuZDaggerK mywebumlvmacrmdash myrsaquo`i KDaggeri
daggerZvjvi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgq daggerivMxi wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB daggerivMx ev
Zvi AwffveK `vuZ daggerZvjvi K_v iumlbDaggerj fq cvq| Zviv fvDaggere `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ ADaggerbK euml_v
jvMDaggere ev daggerPvDaggerLi daggereordfBDaggerbi hw` daggerKvb parawZ nq| Zviv Orthodontist daggerK `vuZ bv ZzDaggerj
wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml AbyDaggeriva KDaggeri _vDaggerK| wKšlsquo ZvDagger`i G mKj aviYv mcurrenuacute~Ycopy Ag~jK| `vuZ
ZzjDaggerj daggerPvDaggerLi ev daggereordfBDaggerbi daggerKvb parawZ nqbv| GKRb AwfAacute wPwKrmK ZvB KiDaggereb hv KiDaggerj
daggerivMxi wPwKrmv fvDaggerjvfvDaggere mcurrenuacutebœ nDaggere Ges daggerivMx I Zvi AwffveK mšlsquowoacute jvf KiDaggere| Avi
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM wbw copyoacute rsquovb fvDaggerjvfvDaggere Aek KDaggeri wbDaggerj Ges wPwKrmDaggerKi dagger`qv DcDagger`k `vuZ
daggerZvjvi w`b I cieZcopyx KDaggerqKw`b mwVKfvDaggere daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj `vuZ daggerZvjvi ci daggerivMxi daggerZgb daggerKvb
Amyweav nq bv ejDaggerjB PDaggerj|
52
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM
`vuZ daggerZvjvi cDaggeri
53
ADaggerbDaggerKB AvDaggerQb hviv ivDaggerZ NygvDaggerbvi AvDaggerM Ges mKvDaggerj bvmacrmdashv Lvevi ci `vuZ eordfvk
KDaggerib `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Kvj wejcurren^ bv KDaggeri `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggerib
`vuDaggerZi mymacrrsquoZvi Rbuml hv hv `iKvi Zviv Zv-B KDaggerib| GmeB nDaggerjv fvDaggerjv Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi
Rbuml LyeB DcKvix|
wKšlsquo Ggb wKQy Afumlvm AvDaggerQ hv gyL I `vuDaggerZi macr^vDaggermacrrsquoumli Rbuml LyeB parawZKi| Gme
e`AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi bvbv aiDaggerYi mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q| GB AfumlvmcedilDaggerjvi gDaggerauml Avfrac12yj
daggerPvlv wRnŸampv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv ev daggerVjv dagger`Iqv daggerKvb mgmumlv bv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI gyL w`Daggerq wbkbrvbarvm
daggerbqv daggerVvuU I bL KvgovDaggerbv AbumlZg|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK| evev gv hw` GUv daggerLqvj KDaggerib ZDaggere wkiumlDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere daggerh Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv Lvivc| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz nDaggerq hvq ADaggerbK mgq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bvI coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Open bite) bxDaggerPi
54
daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZcedilDaggerjv msKzwPZ nDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK hZUzKz daggerXDaggerK ivLv
DwPZ Zv KDaggerg daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerbvi ci I hw` Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm bv KDaggerg ZDaggere wkiumli 2-3 eQi eqm
chcopyšmdash ADaggercparav KiDaggerZ nDaggere| ADaggerbK mgq 3 eQi eqDaggermi ci wkiumli GB Afumlvm PDaggerj hvq|
ZviciI hw` wkiuml G Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere GKRb AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12
civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| wPwKrmK `iKvi gDaggerb nDaggerj daggerKvb Appliance ev hšiquest w`Daggereb hv
wkiumlDaggerK GB Afumlvm `~i KiDaggerZ mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wkiumli hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK ZDaggere DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DPuy nDaggerq hvq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bv coDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerivMx gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri
wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq Avcbvi daggermvbvgwbi hw` Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml
parawZKi ZDaggere cOuml_DaggergB ZvDaggerK eySvb| ZvDaggerZ KvR bv nDaggerj Aemacrrsquov hvDaggerZ AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv
hvq daggermRbuml AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy Kisbquob|
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OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
56
CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
57
KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
59
GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
60
ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
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daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
50
mwVK ctimeswZDaggerZ dnotwms
51
daggerQvAElig GKwU evMvDaggerb hw` ADaggerbKcedilDaggerjv MvQ daggereDaggero DVDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZDaggere ADaggerbK MvDaggerQi macr^vfvweK ebdquowtimes
weboacute nq Ges evMvbwU wKQyw`b ci Nb Rfrac12Daggerj cwiYZ nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK| ZLb hw` daggermLvb
dagger_DaggerK wKQy MvQ daggerKDaggerU daggerdjv nq ZDaggere evMvbwUi evKxMvQcedilDaggerjv iparav daggercDaggerq macr^vfvweKfvDaggere daggereDaggero
DVDaggere|
daggerZgwb gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerh cwigvY RvqMv AvDaggerQ Zvi daggerPDaggerq hw` `vuDaggerZi msLumlv daggerewk wKsev
`vuZ Lye daggerekx AvuKv evKv DuPz `uvZ _vKDaggerj ZDaggere Zv wVK KDaggeri `vuZDaggerK mywebumlvmacrmdash myrsaquo`i KDaggeri
daggerZvjvi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgq daggerivMxi wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB daggerivMx ev
Zvi AwffveK `vuZ daggerZvjvi K_v iumlbDaggerj fq cvq| Zviv fvDaggere `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ ADaggerbK euml_v
jvMDaggere ev daggerPvDaggerLi daggereordfBDaggerbi hw` daggerKvb parawZ nq| Zviv Orthodontist daggerK `vuZ bv ZzDaggerj
wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml AbyDaggeriva KDaggeri _vDaggerK| wKšlsquo ZvDagger`i G mKj aviYv mcurrenuacute~Ycopy Ag~jK| `vuZ
ZzjDaggerj daggerPvDaggerLi ev daggereordfBDaggerbi daggerKvb parawZ nqbv| GKRb AwfAacute wPwKrmK ZvB KiDaggereb hv KiDaggerj
daggerivMxi wPwKrmv fvDaggerjvfvDaggere mcurrenuacutebœ nDaggere Ges daggerivMx I Zvi AwffveK mšlsquowoacute jvf KiDaggere| Avi
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM wbw copyoacute rsquovb fvDaggerjvfvDaggere Aek KDaggeri wbDaggerj Ges wPwKrmDaggerKi dagger`qv DcDagger`k `vuZ
daggerZvjvi w`b I cieZcopyx KDaggerqKw`b mwVKfvDaggere daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj `vuZ daggerZvjvi ci daggerivMxi daggerZgb daggerKvb
Amyweav nq bv ejDaggerjB PDaggerj|
52
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM
`vuZ daggerZvjvi cDaggeri
53
ADaggerbDaggerKB AvDaggerQb hviv ivDaggerZ NygvDaggerbvi AvDaggerM Ges mKvDaggerj bvmacrmdashv Lvevi ci `vuZ eordfvk
KDaggerib `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Kvj wejcurren^ bv KDaggeri `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggerib
`vuDaggerZi mymacrrsquoZvi Rbuml hv hv `iKvi Zviv Zv-B KDaggerib| GmeB nDaggerjv fvDaggerjv Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi
Rbuml LyeB DcKvix|
wKšlsquo Ggb wKQy Afumlvm AvDaggerQ hv gyL I `vuDaggerZi macr^vDaggermacrrsquoumli Rbuml LyeB parawZKi| Gme
e`AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi bvbv aiDaggerYi mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q| GB AfumlvmcedilDaggerjvi gDaggerauml Avfrac12yj
daggerPvlv wRnŸampv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv ev daggerVjv dagger`Iqv daggerKvb mgmumlv bv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI gyL w`Daggerq wbkbrvbarvm
daggerbqv daggerVvuU I bL KvgovDaggerbv AbumlZg|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK| evev gv hw` GUv daggerLqvj KDaggerib ZDaggere wkiumlDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere daggerh Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv Lvivc| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz nDaggerq hvq ADaggerbK mgq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bvI coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Open bite) bxDaggerPi
54
daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZcedilDaggerjv msKzwPZ nDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK hZUzKz daggerXDaggerK ivLv
DwPZ Zv KDaggerg daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerbvi ci I hw` Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm bv KDaggerg ZDaggere wkiumli 2-3 eQi eqm
chcopyšmdash ADaggercparav KiDaggerZ nDaggere| ADaggerbK mgq 3 eQi eqDaggermi ci wkiumli GB Afumlvm PDaggerj hvq|
ZviciI hw` wkiuml G Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere GKRb AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12
civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| wPwKrmK `iKvi gDaggerb nDaggerj daggerKvb Appliance ev hšiquest w`Daggereb hv
wkiumlDaggerK GB Afumlvm `~i KiDaggerZ mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wkiumli hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK ZDaggere DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DPuy nDaggerq hvq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bv coDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerivMx gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri
wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq Avcbvi daggermvbvgwbi hw` Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml
parawZKi ZDaggere cOuml_DaggergB ZvDaggerK eySvb| ZvDaggerZ KvR bv nDaggerj Aemacrrsquov hvDaggerZ AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv
hvq daggermRbuml AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy Kisbquob|
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55
OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
56
CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
57
KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
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GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
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ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
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daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
51
daggerQvAElig GKwU evMvDaggerb hw` ADaggerbKcedilDaggerjv MvQ daggereDaggero DVDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZDaggere ADaggerbK MvDaggerQi macr^vfvweK ebdquowtimes
weboacute nq Ges evMvbwU wKQyw`b ci Nb Rfrac12Daggerj cwiYZ nevi mcurrencentvebv _vDaggerK| ZLb hw` daggermLvb
dagger_DaggerK wKQy MvQ daggerKDaggerU daggerdjv nq ZDaggere evMvbwUi evKxMvQcedilDaggerjv iparav daggercDaggerq macr^vfvweKfvDaggere daggereDaggero
DVDaggere|
daggerZgwb gyDaggerLi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerh cwigvY RvqMv AvDaggerQ Zvi daggerPDaggerq hw` `vuDaggerZi msLumlv daggerewk wKsev
`vuZ Lye daggerekx AvuKv evKv DuPz `uvZ _vKDaggerj ZDaggere Zv wVK KDaggeri `vuZDaggerK mywebumlvmacrmdash myrsaquo`i KDaggeri
daggerZvjvi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgq daggerivMxi wKQy `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdDaggerj w`DaggerZ nq| wKšlsquo ADaggerbK daggerparaDaggerIcircB daggerivMx ev
Zvi AwffveK `vuZ daggerZvjvi K_v iumlbDaggerj fq cvq| Zviv fvDaggere `vuZ ZzDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ ADaggerbK euml_v
jvMDaggere ev daggerPvDaggerLi daggereordfBDaggerbi hw` daggerKvb parawZ nq| Zviv Orthodontist daggerK `vuZ bv ZzDaggerj
wPwKrmv Kivi Rbuml AbyDaggeriva KDaggeri _vDaggerK| wKšlsquo ZvDagger`i G mKj aviYv mcurrenuacute~Ycopy Ag~jK| `vuZ
ZzjDaggerj daggerPvDaggerLi ev daggereordfBDaggerbi daggerKvb parawZ nqbv| GKRb AwfAacute wPwKrmK ZvB KiDaggereb hv KiDaggerj
daggerivMxi wPwKrmv fvDaggerjvfvDaggere mcurrenuacutebœ nDaggere Ges daggerivMx I Zvi AwffveK mšlsquowoacute jvf KiDaggere| Avi
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM wbw copyoacute rsquovb fvDaggerjvfvDaggere Aek KDaggeri wbDaggerj Ges wPwKrmDaggerKi dagger`qv DcDagger`k `vuZ
daggerZvjvi w`b I cieZcopyx KDaggerqKw`b mwVKfvDaggere daggergDaggerb PjDaggerj `vuZ daggerZvjvi ci daggerivMxi daggerZgb daggerKvb
Amyweav nq bv ejDaggerjB PDaggerj|
52
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM
`vuZ daggerZvjvi cDaggeri
53
ADaggerbDaggerKB AvDaggerQb hviv ivDaggerZ NygvDaggerbvi AvDaggerM Ges mKvDaggerj bvmacrmdashv Lvevi ci `vuZ eordfvk
KDaggerib `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Kvj wejcurren^ bv KDaggeri `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggerib
`vuDaggerZi mymacrrsquoZvi Rbuml hv hv `iKvi Zviv Zv-B KDaggerib| GmeB nDaggerjv fvDaggerjv Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi
Rbuml LyeB DcKvix|
wKšlsquo Ggb wKQy Afumlvm AvDaggerQ hv gyL I `vuDaggerZi macr^vDaggermacrrsquoumli Rbuml LyeB parawZKi| Gme
e`AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi bvbv aiDaggerYi mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q| GB AfumlvmcedilDaggerjvi gDaggerauml Avfrac12yj
daggerPvlv wRnŸampv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv ev daggerVjv dagger`Iqv daggerKvb mgmumlv bv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI gyL w`Daggerq wbkbrvbarvm
daggerbqv daggerVvuU I bL KvgovDaggerbv AbumlZg|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK| evev gv hw` GUv daggerLqvj KDaggerib ZDaggere wkiumlDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere daggerh Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv Lvivc| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz nDaggerq hvq ADaggerbK mgq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bvI coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Open bite) bxDaggerPi
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daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZcedilDaggerjv msKzwPZ nDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK hZUzKz daggerXDaggerK ivLv
DwPZ Zv KDaggerg daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerbvi ci I hw` Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm bv KDaggerg ZDaggere wkiumli 2-3 eQi eqm
chcopyšmdash ADaggercparav KiDaggerZ nDaggere| ADaggerbK mgq 3 eQi eqDaggermi ci wkiumli GB Afumlvm PDaggerj hvq|
ZviciI hw` wkiuml G Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere GKRb AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12
civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| wPwKrmK `iKvi gDaggerb nDaggerj daggerKvb Appliance ev hšiquest w`Daggereb hv
wkiumlDaggerK GB Afumlvm `~i KiDaggerZ mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wkiumli hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK ZDaggere DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DPuy nDaggerq hvq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bv coDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerivMx gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri
wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq Avcbvi daggermvbvgwbi hw` Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml
parawZKi ZDaggere cOuml_DaggergB ZvDaggerK eySvb| ZvDaggerZ KvR bv nDaggerj Aemacrrsquov hvDaggerZ AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv
hvq daggermRbuml AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy Kisbquob|
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OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
56
CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
57
KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
59
GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
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ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
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daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
52
`vuZ daggerZvjvi AvDaggerM
`vuZ daggerZvjvi cDaggeri
53
ADaggerbDaggerKB AvDaggerQb hviv ivDaggerZ NygvDaggerbvi AvDaggerM Ges mKvDaggerj bvmacrmdashv Lvevi ci `vuZ eordfvk
KDaggerib `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Kvj wejcurren^ bv KDaggeri `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggerib
`vuDaggerZi mymacrrsquoZvi Rbuml hv hv `iKvi Zviv Zv-B KDaggerib| GmeB nDaggerjv fvDaggerjv Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi
Rbuml LyeB DcKvix|
wKšlsquo Ggb wKQy Afumlvm AvDaggerQ hv gyL I `vuDaggerZi macr^vDaggermacrrsquoumli Rbuml LyeB parawZKi| Gme
e`AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi bvbv aiDaggerYi mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q| GB AfumlvmcedilDaggerjvi gDaggerauml Avfrac12yj
daggerPvlv wRnŸampv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv ev daggerVjv dagger`Iqv daggerKvb mgmumlv bv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI gyL w`Daggerq wbkbrvbarvm
daggerbqv daggerVvuU I bL KvgovDaggerbv AbumlZg|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK| evev gv hw` GUv daggerLqvj KDaggerib ZDaggere wkiumlDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere daggerh Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv Lvivc| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz nDaggerq hvq ADaggerbK mgq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bvI coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Open bite) bxDaggerPi
54
daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZcedilDaggerjv msKzwPZ nDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK hZUzKz daggerXDaggerK ivLv
DwPZ Zv KDaggerg daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerbvi ci I hw` Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm bv KDaggerg ZDaggere wkiumli 2-3 eQi eqm
chcopyšmdash ADaggercparav KiDaggerZ nDaggere| ADaggerbK mgq 3 eQi eqDaggermi ci wkiumli GB Afumlvm PDaggerj hvq|
ZviciI hw` wkiuml G Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere GKRb AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12
civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| wPwKrmK `iKvi gDaggerb nDaggerj daggerKvb Appliance ev hšiquest w`Daggereb hv
wkiumlDaggerK GB Afumlvm `~i KiDaggerZ mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wkiumli hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK ZDaggere DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DPuy nDaggerq hvq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bv coDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerivMx gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri
wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq Avcbvi daggermvbvgwbi hw` Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml
parawZKi ZDaggere cOuml_DaggergB ZvDaggerK eySvb| ZvDaggerZ KvR bv nDaggerj Aemacrrsquov hvDaggerZ AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv
hvq daggermRbuml AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy Kisbquob|
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OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
56
CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
57
KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
59
GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
60
ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
61
daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
53
ADaggerbDaggerKB AvDaggerQb hviv ivDaggerZ NygvDaggerbvi AvDaggerM Ges mKvDaggerj bvmacrmdashv Lvevi ci `vuZ eordfvk
KDaggerib `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb mgmumlv dagger`Lv w`Daggerj Kvj wejcurren^ bv KDaggeri `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy MOumlnY KDaggerib
`vuDaggerZi mymacrrsquoZvi Rbuml hv hv `iKvi Zviv Zv-B KDaggerib| GmeB nDaggerjv fvDaggerjv Afumlvm hv `vuDaggerZi
Rbuml LyeB DcKvix|
wKšlsquo Ggb wKQy Afumlvm AvDaggerQ hv gyL I `vuDaggerZi macr^vDaggermacrrsquoumli Rbuml LyeB parawZKi| Gme
e`AfumlvDaggermi KviDaggerY `vuDaggerZi bvbv aiDaggerYi mgmumlv dagger`Lv dagger`q| GB AfumlvmcedilDaggerjvi gDaggerauml Avfrac12yj
daggerPvlv wRnŸampv w`Daggerq `vuZ avdegv ev daggerVjv dagger`Iqv daggerKvb mgmumlv bv _vKv mDaggerEumliexclI gyL w`Daggerq wbkbrvbarvm
daggerbqv daggerVvuU I bL KvgovDaggerbv AbumlZg|
wKQy wkiumlDagger`i ebdquotimesvfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK| evev gv hw` GUv daggerLqvj KDaggerib ZDaggere wkiumlDaggerK
eySvDaggerZ nDaggere daggerh Avfrac12yj daggerPvlv Lvivc| Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm _vKDaggerj DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DuPz nDaggerq hvq ADaggerbK mgq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bvI coDaggerZ cvDaggeri (Open bite) bxDaggerPi
54
daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZcedilDaggerjv msKzwPZ nDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK hZUzKz daggerXDaggerK ivLv
DwPZ Zv KDaggerg daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerbvi ci I hw` Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm bv KDaggerg ZDaggere wkiumli 2-3 eQi eqm
chcopyšmdash ADaggercparav KiDaggerZ nDaggere| ADaggerbK mgq 3 eQi eqDaggermi ci wkiumli GB Afumlvm PDaggerj hvq|
ZviciI hw` wkiuml G Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere GKRb AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12
civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| wPwKrmK `iKvi gDaggerb nDaggerj daggerKvb Appliance ev hšiquest w`Daggereb hv
wkiumlDaggerK GB Afumlvm `~i KiDaggerZ mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wkiumli hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK ZDaggere DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DPuy nDaggerq hvq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bv coDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerivMx gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri
wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq Avcbvi daggermvbvgwbi hw` Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml
parawZKi ZDaggere cOuml_DaggergB ZvDaggerK eySvb| ZvDaggerZ KvR bv nDaggerj Aemacrrsquov hvDaggerZ AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv
hvq daggermRbuml AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy Kisbquob|
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OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
56
CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
57
KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
59
GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
60
ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
61
daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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62
cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
54
daggerPvqvDaggerji `vuZcedilDaggerjv msKzwPZ nDaggerq daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri DcDaggerii `vuZ bxDaggerPi `vuZDaggerK hZUzKz daggerXDaggerK ivLv
DwPZ Zv KDaggerg daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
wkiumlDaggerK eySvDaggerbvi ci I hw` Avfrac12yj daggerPvlvi Afumlvm bv KDaggerg ZDaggere wkiumli 2-3 eQi eqm
chcopyšmdash ADaggercparav KiDaggerZ nDaggere| ADaggerbK mgq 3 eQi eqDaggermi ci wkiumli GB Afumlvm PDaggerj hvq|
ZviciI hw` wkiuml G Afumlvm ZumlvM KiDaggerZ bv cvDaggeri ZDaggere GKRb AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12
civgkcopy MOumlnY KiDaggerZ nDaggere| wPwKrmK `iKvi gDaggerb nDaggerj daggerKvb Appliance ev hšiquest w`Daggereb hv
wkiumlDaggerK GB Afumlvm `~i KiDaggerZ mvnvhuml KiDaggere|
wkiumli hw` wRnŸv w`Daggerq `vuZ daggerVjv dagger`qvi Afumlvm _vDaggerK ZDaggere DcDaggerii daggerPvqvDaggerji mvgDaggerbi
`vuZcedilDaggerjv DPuy nDaggerq hvq `vuDaggerZ `vuDaggerZ Kvgo bv coDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggerivMx gyL eUuml bv KiDaggerZ cvDaggeri
wcQDaggerbi `vuDaggerZ DDaggereumlv Kvgo coDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
cwiDaggerkDaggerl ejv hvq Avcbvi daggermvbvgwbi hw` Ggb daggerKvb Afumlvm _vDaggerK hv `vuDaggerZi Rbuml
parawZKi ZDaggere cOuml_DaggergB ZvDaggerK eySvb| ZvDaggerZ KvR bv nDaggerj Aemacrrsquov hvDaggerZ AvDaggeriv LvivDaggerci w`DaggerK bv
hvq daggermRbuml AwfAacute `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi mDaggerfrac12 civgkcopy Kisbquob|
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OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
56
CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
57
KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
59
GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
60
ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
61
daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
55
OPG
AvgvDagger`i ADaggerbDaggerKi gvDaggerSB GB aviYv we`umlgvb daggerh `šmdash wPwKrmDaggerKi KvDaggerQ daggerMDaggerj Zviv
KviY QvovB GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ cvVvb| wKšlsquo G aviYv GDaggerKevDaggeriB wVK bq| mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM
wbYcopyDaggerqi Rbuml ADaggerbK mgqB wPKrmKDagger`i GmiddotDaggeri KiDaggerZ w`DaggerZ nq| ZDaggere GDagger`i gDaggerauml eumlwZmicrog I
AvDaggerQb ADaggerbDaggerK| hviv cOumlDaggerqvRb daggerfDaggereB wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy Abyhvqx GmiddotDaggeri KDaggerib|
OPG (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri)-Gi gvaumlDaggerg wPwKrmK gyDaggerL AewmacrrsquoZ `vuZ QvovI DcDaggerii I
bxDaggerPi daggerPvqvDaggerji Supporting Structure cedilDaggerjv dagger`LDaggerZ cvDaggerib| GcedilDaggerjv ADagger_copyvWbwUK
wPwKrmvi Rbuml LyeB cedilisbquoZiexclc~Ycopy| OPG-i gvaumlDaggerg `ya `vuZ me cDaggeroDaggerQ wKbv macrrsquovqx `vuZ me
DVDaggere wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ nvDaggeroi wfZi AvDaggerQ wKbv daggerKvb `vuZ daggerKvb cDagger_ DVDaggerZ cvDaggeri gyDaggerLi
wfZi daggerKv_vI daggerKvb evowZ `vuZ AvDaggerQ wKbv `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ nvDaggeroi Aemacrrsquov wK iKg Zv mnDaggerRB
dagger`Lv hvq|
56
CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
57
KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
59
GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
60
ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
61
daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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62
cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
56
CephalometryOtildei (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) gvaumlDaggerg `vuZ I nvDaggeroi MVb daggerVvuU wRnŸv
Zvjyi Aemacrrsquovb `vuZ nvo I mdU wUmyumli Amacr^vfvweKZv cOumlfbdquowZ dagger`DaggerL wPwKrmvi cwiKiacutebv Kiv
nq| hw` daggerivMxi daggerPvqvDaggerj daggerKvb mvRcopyvwii cOumlDaggerqvRb nq ZDaggere mvRcopyvwi Kivi AvDaggerM mwVK cwiKiacutebv
Kivi Rbuml Cephalometry dagger`Lv cOumlDaggerqvRb|
GQvov Hand wrist x-ray Oslashviv daggerQDaggerj daggergDaggerqDagger`i Growth mcurrenuacute~Ycopy nDaggerqDaggerQ wKbv Zv
daggerevSv hvq|
wKQy wKQy DaggerivMxDagger`i GDaggerparaDaggerIcirc daggerKvb `vuZ bv DDaggerV nvDaggeroi wfZi _vDaggerK| daggermme `vuDaggerZi
Aemacrrsquovb dagger`Lvi Rbuml occlusal view (GK aiDaggerYi GmiddotDaggeri) KiDaggerZ ejv nq| Orthodontist
x-ray Dagger`DaggerL cOumlDaggerqvRb gDaggerb KiDaggerj weDaggerkl wKQy Orthodontic appliance ev hDaggeršiquesti gvaumlDaggerg
H jydegvwqZ `vuZDaggerK daggerUDaggerb daggerei KDaggeri AvbDaggerZ cvDaggerib|
57
KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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58
DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
59
GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
60
ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
61
daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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62
cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
57
KvDaggerRB dagger`Lv hvDagger‛Q mwVKfvDaggere daggerivM wbYcopyq daggerivMxi gyL I `vuDaggerZi Aemacrrsquov mwVK
wPwKrmvctimeswZ cwiKiacutebvi Rbuml ADagger_copyvWbwmqvi daggerparaDaggerIcirc GmiddotDaggerii cedilisbquoZiexcl Acwimxg| ZDaggere
wPwKrmDaggerKi civgkcopy eumlvZxZ KLDaggerbvB GmiddotDaggeri KivDaggerbv DwPZ bq| ZvDaggerZ wnDaggerZ wecixZ nDaggerZ
cvDaggeri|
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58
DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
59
GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
60
ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
61
daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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62
cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
58
DEumlit numluv| Avcbvi `vuZ hw` nq AvuKv evuKv DPuy bxPz dvuKv ZvnDaggerj GB me mgmumlvi
macrrsquovqx mgvavb w`DaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm| hw` Gi GKwU mgmumlv I Avcbvi daggerbB ZviciI DEumli numluv|
Avcbvi DcDaggerii cvwU Ges bxDaggerPi cvwUi `vuDaggerZi mvDagger_ `vuDaggerZi Kvgo wVK Kivi Rbuml I cOumlDaggerqvRb
daggereordfm| daggereordfm iumlay `vuDaggerZi daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml evovq bv mvDagger_ mvDagger_ daggerPvqvj I daggerPnvivq daggermŠrsaquo`hcopyuml I evovq|
daggereordfm ADaggerbK aiDaggerYi nq AvKvDaggeri daggerQvU Ges eo daggergUvDaggerji wmivwgDaggerKi KDaggercurrenuacutevwRDaggerUi
cshyvwdivideDaggerKi daggereordfm nq| cOumlwZwbqZ weAacutevb I Zvi cOumlhywsup3i Dbœqb daggerhfvDaggere NUDaggerQ wVK daggerZgwb daggereordfm I
AvDaggerMi PvBDaggerZ ADaggerbK KgcopyKiDaggerZ mparag Ges dagger`LDaggerZ myrsaquo`i cvIqv hvDagger‛Q|
daggereordfm wK `vuDaggerZi parawZ KDaggeri
59
GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
60
ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
61
daggerbqvUv Risbquoix| wKQy weDaggerkl Dcvq Aejcurren^b KDaggeri `vuZ eordfvm KiDaggerZ nq daggereordfm _vKDaggerj| Avcbvi
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK AekumlB Zv wkwLDaggerq w`Daggereb Avi gDaggerb ivLDaggereb ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
PjvKvjxb mgq mvDagger_ Uz_eordfvm ivLvUv Risbquoix|
GZcedilDaggerjv mxgvetimesZv SvDaggergjv Zvici I hLb Avcbvi ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv daggerkl daggernDaggere
ZLb dagger`LDaggereb wekvj cwieZcopyb ZvigvDaggerb myrsaquo`i mymacr^vmacrrsquoumlKi SKSDaggerK nvuwm ADagger_copyvWbwUKm
wPwKrmv Qvov daggerKvDaggerbv weKiacute daggerbB|
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62
cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
KDaggercurrenuacutevR
Zvwgg AvB wU GUcirc wcOumlwrsaquoUs daggercOumlm
274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|
59
GK`gB bv daggereordfm GKaiDaggerYi AvVvDaggerjv emacrlsquo w`Daggerq `vuDaggerZ jvMvDaggerbv nq hv Lye mnDaggerRB `vuZ
dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kiv mcurrencente| hw` daggereordfm `vuZ dagger_DaggerK cbdquo_K Kivi mgq Avcbvi `vuDaggerZ `vM ev daggerKvb
cOumlKvi paraq mbdquowoacute nq ZvnDaggerj Zvi AbumlZg KviY nDagger‛Q gyL I `vuDaggerZi cwireglsaquovi cwi‛QbœZv wVKgZ
Kiv nqwb| ZvB daggerZv GKRb ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi ci AvcbvDaggerK gyL I `vuDaggerZi hZœ
wKfvDaggere KiDaggerZ nDaggere Zv eySvDaggereb| ZvnDaggerj eySDaggerZB cviDaggerQb wbDaggerRi myweavDagger_copy gyLI `vuZ cwireglsaquovi
ivLv Risbquoix|
daggereordfm wK `vuZ I gyDaggerLi eumlv_vi KviY
DEumlit numluv| daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbvi cOuml_g mszligvn Avcbvi `vuZ I Zvi PvicvDaggerki big
wUmyumlKjvDaggerZ eumlv_v Abyfe nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| Ggb wK Avcbvi daggereordfm Gi mvDagger_ daggerhme cvZjv Zvi
_vDaggerK daggermcedilDaggerjv Kvhcopyparag Kivi mgqI eumlv_v Abyf~Z nDaggerZ cvDaggeri| wKšlsquo bZzb GB hyDaggerMi fvDaggerjvi
daggereordfm eumlenvi KiDaggerj DcDaggerivsup3 mgmumlv dagger_DaggerK ADaggerbKLvwb cwiIcircvY mcurrencente| cyivZb daggereordfm ev AvDaggerMi
bullZix eo AvKvDaggerii daggereordfm hZUzKz eumlv_v `vuDaggerZ dagger`q Zvi daggerPDaggerq bZzbeZcopygvb hyDaggerMi daggereordfm Avcbvi
AvDaggerMi aviYv cvDaggereuml w`DaggerZ mparag| Avi GKwU K_v eqm evovi mvDagger_ mvDagger_ kixDaggerii nvo ksup3
nDaggerZ _vDaggerK ZvB Kg eqDaggermi Zzjbvq Avcwb hw` daggerekx eqDaggerm daggereordfm jvMvb ZvnDaggerj eumlv_vi Abyf~wZ
GKUz daggerekx nDaggere|
`vuDaggerZ daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv Aemacrrsquovq daggerLjva~jv Mvb Kiv I evuwk evRvDaggerbv wK mcurrencente
DEumlit numlvu mcurrencente daggerh mKj daggerLjva~jv KiDaggerj gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMvi mcurrencentvebv daggerbB daggerm mKj daggerLjvayjv
Kiv mcurrencente| dzUej nwK wmicroDaggerKU BZumlvw` daggerLjvayjvi mgq gvD_ MvWcopy cDaggeri daggerbqv fvDaggerjv| wKQy
wKQy daggerLjva~jv Kivi mgq gyDaggerL AvNvZ jvMDaggerZ cvDaggeri| ZvB daggereordfm A_ev G mKj daggerLjvayjvi gDaggerauml
GKwU daggereDaggerQ daggerbqvB DEumlg|
Avi Mvb MvIqv ev evuwk evRvDaggerbvi mgq hw` daggereordfm daggerKvb mgmumlv KDaggeri ZvnDaggerj
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide AvcbvDaggerK wjccOumlDaggerUplusmni bullZix KDaggeri w`Daggereb dDaggerj Avcwb macr^v‛QumlDaggerrsaquo` Mvb I KiDaggerZ
cviDaggereb Ges evuwk evwRDaggerq `kcopyKDagger`i gb Rq KiDaggerZ cviDaggereb|
daggereordfm wK UvBU (evav ev Pvc dagger`qv) Kiv Risbquoix
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide hLb `vuDaggerZi daggerKvb wPwKrmvi Rbuml daggereordfm jvMvb ZLb daggereordfm Gi Dci Abumlvbuml
AvDaggeriv ADaggerbK wKQy eumlenvi KDaggerib hv `vuZ Ges daggerPvqvjDaggerK Zvi mwVK AemacrrsquovDaggerb AvDaggerb|
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ADagger_copycopyvWbwUK wPwKrmv mgq mvDaggercpara eumlvcvi| PvBjvg Avi ZvovZvwo KDaggeri daggerdjjvg Zv mcurrencente
bv| Zvovucircov KiDaggerj fvDaggerjv wKQy nq bv| GK mvDagger_ ADaggerbK cedilDaggerjv `vuDaggerZ Pvuc w`Daggerj Lye daggerekx euml_v
nq GgbwK `vuDaggerZi daggerMvov paraq nq| daggermB KviDaggerYB ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide mvaviYZ GKevi daggereordfm UvBU
KiDaggerj cieZcopyxDaggerZ 1 gvm ci Avevi daggereordfm UvBU KDaggerib| Avi GB UvBU Kiv wPwKrmv Ges
mgmumlvi aiY Abyhvqx PjDaggerZ _vDaggerK| mvaviYZ 6 gvm dagger_DaggerK 2eQi chcopyšmdash ADagger_copyvWbwUK wPwKrmv
KivDaggerZ nq|
Daggereordfm cijvg wPwKrmv daggerkl daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq wK eumlv_v KiDaggere
DEumlit mvaviYZ eumlv_v Kivi K_v bv| Lye mnDaggerRB daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggerdjv mcurrencente| AwfAacute KvR Rvbv
ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Zv AwfAacuteZvi AvDaggerjvDaggerK eumlv_vgysup3 wPwKrmv daggermev w`Daggereb GUvB Zvi KiYxq Ges
mKDaggerji Rbuml Risbquoix| hw` daggereordfm daggerLvjvi mgq eumlv_v Abyfe nq mvDagger_ mvDagger_ ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide daggerK
eDaggerjb ADaggerbK DcvDaggerq daggereordfm daggerLvjv hvq Dwb daggerLvjvi Dcvq cwieZcopyb KiDaggerjB Avcwb daggerKvb eumlv_v
cvDaggereb bv|
daggereordfm cDaggeri LvIqv `vIqv-
DEumlit LvIqv `vIqv KiDaggereb ZDaggere wKQy mxgvetimesZv AvDaggerQ| mvaviYZ hLb cOuml_g daggereordfm jvMvDaggerbv nq
ZLb cOuml_g wKQyw`b bZzb wRwbDaggermi mv_ Lvc daggerLDaggerZ mgq jvDaggerM ZvB cOuml_g wKQyw`b big Lvevi
LvIqv fvDaggerjv| PzBsMvg wgwg PKDaggerjU KumlvivDaggergj GcedilDaggerjv mecopy`vB bv LvIqv fvDaggerjv|
hw` 1 Uv ev 2 Uv daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq ZLb wK KiDaggerev
DEumlit ADagger_copyvWbwUdivide Gi KvDaggerQ hvb Dwb Avevi daggermUv jvwMDaggerq w`Daggere| dagger`ix KiDaggerj wPwKrmvi
mgqKvDaggerj daggereDaggero hvq ZvB hZ ZvovZvwo mcurrencente mgvavb KDaggeri daggerbqvUvB fvDaggerjv|
Avcbvi cOumlkœ nDaggerZ cvDaggeri daggereordfm LyDaggerj hvq daggerKb ev Ggb fvDaggere jvMvDaggerjB nq hvDaggerZ bv LyDaggerj
AvDaggerm| AvmDaggerj daggereordfm LyjDaggerZB cvDaggeri daggerKbbv wPwKrmv daggerkDaggerl GUv LyDaggerj daggerdjDaggerZ nDaggere| daggerekx KDaggeri
nvo Lvb ev Pvuevb ZvnDaggerj daggereordfm G Pvc daggerjDaggerM LyDaggerj daggerhDaggerZ cvDaggeri|
Avi hw` daggereordfm LyDaggerj daggercDaggerU PDaggerj daggerMDaggerj ZLb me daggereordfmB cixparav wbixparav Kiv nDaggerqDaggerQ daggerh
daggercDaggerU daggerMDaggerj daggerKvb mgmumlv nDaggere bv ZDaggere hw` dzmdzDaggerm PDaggerj hvq ZvnDaggerj mgmumlv nDaggerZI cvDaggeri|
Daggereordfm Ges `vuZ eordfvm
mvaviYZ `vuZ eordfvm w`Daggerb 2 evi Kiv Risbquoix| daggereordfm ciDaggerj 2 evi eordfvm Kivi mvDagger_ mvDagger_
hZevi LvIqv avIqv Zvi ciciB fvDaggerjv gDaggerZv KzjKsbquoPx Ges AvjDaggerZv fvDaggere `vuZ eordfvm KDaggeri
61
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62
cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
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61
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62
cOuml‛Q` I Ajfrac14iY
Daggergvt ucircgvq~b Kwei dqmvj
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62
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274 4_copy daggerjBb bxjDaggerparaZ evKzkvn gvDaggerKcopyU XvKv-1205|