OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 1 “A Rose by Any Other Name” OSHA-Hawai’i Workshop May 20, 2009

OSHA Hawai`i Workshop 05/20/2009 1

“A Rose by Any Other Name”OSHA-Hawai’i Workshop

May 20, 2009


Perform a Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) for every Major Task

Understand how the JHA can be used to: Identify Hazards and SolutionsTrain Employees and Involve Them in

working safelyHold individuals accountable for safety

performancePerform better accident investigationsContinuously improve your safety and

health program


Accident Hazard Analysis (AHA)

Job Safety Analysis (JSA)

Task Safety Analysis (TSA)


A tool that focuses on job tasks as a way to identify hazards BEFORE they occur.

Looks at potential hazards caused by:The taskThe tools or equipment used People – (the worker or management) The environment

AND, how the hazards can be eliminated or reduced.


Organized, systematic approach to ID hazards

IDs hazards, causes, and corrective actions.

Involves employees – increase their awareness

Standardizes operations based on acceptable safe practices

Documents process to aid in:Accident investigation/analysisAccountability


The foundation for all future actionsProtective SystemsPersonal protective equipment (PPE)TrainingFrequency of re-inspections/re-evaluationsDocumentation


Start with the most hazardous jobs/tasks (worse first) Most severe – can cause deathMost frequent/likely

Not an exact science List, rank order, and do!


Install new Roofing tiles Demo the roof Clean-up and Leave site Deliver supplies to jobsite Job Estimating Maintain warehouse Sales Invoicing for work

Worst First!


There are three considerations of a Job Hazard Analysis:

What needs to get done? (Tasks)

What are the risks? (Hazards)

How we do it safely? (Controls)


Pre-job phaseProcess designConstruction

Prior to any Process Change If you’ve never done it before


1. Break down job/tasks into discrete STEPS

2. For each step, identify all potential HAZARDS

3. For each potential hazard, evaluate the RISK in order to prioritize corrective actions.

4. For each potential hazard, figure out a CORRECTION OR CONTROL

5. MAINTAIN hazard correction or control.


Basic Job Steps Potential Hazards Control & Recommended

Actions

What needs to get Done?

What are the risks? How do we do it safely?

WORK SITE - Job Hazard Analysis TASK: _____________This completed JHA shall be kept at the work site until the task is complete. Forward completed JHA forms to the head office for reference. In the case of an accident, this form must be retained for use by the supervisor.

Equipment to be used

Inspection req. Training requirements

List all equipment to be used in the work activity

List all inspection requirements for the work activity

List all training requirements, including chemical safety (hazard communication)



Grinding Iron Castings1. Reach into metal box to

right of machine (grinder), grasp casting, and carry to wheel

2. Push casting against wheel to grind off burr

3. Place finished casting in box to left of machine (grinder).


Potential for harm or damage to PEOPLE PROPERTY ENVIRONMENT

A situation at a workplace capable of causing harm


Tripping/Slipping Hazards - Fall Hazards - Electrical Hazards - Machinery – cut, lacerate, crush Chemical Hazards – poisons, irritants,

asphyxiants Biological Hazards – Mold, Tuberculosis,

HIV People – Workplace Violence


A Hazard is not an ACCIDENT until there is Exposure to the hazard.

Hazard + Exposure Accident



Proximity to danger zone

“arm’s length” for machinery

Body length for falls

Breathing zone for chemicals


Head Arms/Legs Ears Lungs Stomach Ingestion Eyes Dermal/Skin


Walk around & Observe People workingThe surroundingsRead Labels and Material Safety Data Sheets

(chemical hazards)


Look around this room What potential hazards do you see?

Jot some of them down


Grinding Iron Castings1. Reach into metal

box to right of machine, grasp casting, and carry to

2. Push casting against wheel to grind off burr.

3. Place finished casting in box to left of machine.

1. Back injury from reaching/bending/carrying.

2. Cut/laceration from sharp burrs on castings.

3. Toe injury from dropping casting on foot.

4. Bruise/abrasion as casting slips on wheel.

5. Eye injury and punctures/cuts from wheel breakage.


RISK = Severity x Probability

Severity– what can happen

(Consequences)

Probability – the likelihood of it happening


High Death, permanent disability, or chronic irreversible illness

Medium Injuries or illnesses – some lost time, hospitalization

Low Temporary, reversible, no hospitalization, no lost time.

Minimal Injuries and illnesses requiring no treatment, e.g. aspirin or small band aid.


Amputation Severe electrical

burns Chemical burns to

eyes Cancer Chemical

sensitization


Fractures/broken bones

Severe sprain or strain

Severe dermatitis – open wounds/sores

Lacerations requiring stitches


Bruises Scrapes, Abrasions Minor cuts Mild headache Mild strain/sprain[Generally treatable

with first aid]


No Treatment Minor bruise Small cut


Greater Probability of the event/accident is higher than that which is rated “lesser”

Lesser Probability of the event/accident is lesser than that which is rated “greater”

You decide where the dividing line is.


Hazard – Fall from 8’ Ladder What factors can increase the likelihood

of falling?Condition of ladder – slippery, wobblyDuration – how long on ladderNumber of people climbing laddersPace of job – how quickly task must be doneAdditional load – carrying anything?Environmental – outdoors in sun, wind, rain


No. of Employees Exposed to Hazard Duration of Exposure Proximity to Danger zone Work Pace Environmental


10 workers on ladders Up to 2 hours a day Carrying tarps and other equipment Task requires reaching Pace – fast OutdoorsIs a fall unlikely, likely or highly likely?


So what do we do with the information on severity and probability?

Assign priorities for action Using your company’s risk profile


Priority Severity Probability

1 High Greater

2 Medium Greater

3 Low Greater

4 High Lesser

5 Medium Lesser

6 Low Lesser

7 Minimal Greater

8 Minimal Lesser

You decide what you risk tolerance is


Hazard Severity Probability

Priority

1 Back injury Medium Greater 2

2 Cut/Laceration from sharp burrs

Low Greater 3

3 Toe fracture Medium Lesser 5

4 Bruise/abrasion Low Lesser 6

5 Eye injury, cuts/punctures from wheel breakage

High Lesser 4



Hierarchy of Hazard Controls

Engineering (1st choice)

Administrative/Work Practice (2nd choice)

PPE (Last Resort!)



Grinding Iron Castings – see page 16 Engineering solution –

Adjustable platform or pallet, reconfigure work station

Administrative Solution Don’t twist, move feet

Personal Protective Equipment Gloves, safety glasses, steel toe shoes.


Inspections/AuditsDo the solutions/controls really work?Are they still working?Have we identified all hazards ?

Education and TrainingTraining – HowEducation - Why

Preventive MaintenanceKeeping things working as they shouldFollow manufacturer’s recommendations

Need both!


Equipment NeedsGrinder, Leather gloves, Safety goggles,

Steel-toe shoes Inspection Requirements

Inspect Grinder daily Inspect PPE for wear

Training RequirementsGrinder usePPE use and care


Regular frequency Rotation – review x% every year until all

reviewed within 5 years Accident/Incident

Include “near misses” Process Change


Systematically identify workplace hazards and solutions

Train employees in safe work procedures and involve them in working safely

Hold individuals accountable for safety performance

Perform better accident investigations Continuously improve your safety and

health program