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Basic Information of Osmium Tetroxide
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Osmium tetroxide
Osmium(VIII) oxide (OsO4)
Physical properties
• monoclinic crystals
• sublimes at room temperature
• pure osmium(VIII) oxide is probably colorless (yellow hue is due to OsO2
impurities)
• OsO4 is 518 times more soluble in carbon tetrachloride than in water.
Physical properties
Synthesis
• OsO4 is formed slowly when osmium powder reacts with O2 at ambient
temperature. Reaction of bulk solid requires heating to 400 °C
• Os + 2 O2 → OsO4
Uses
• Organic synthesis
• Biological staining
• Polymer staining
• Osmeth
• Osmium ore refining
• Buckminsterfullerene adduct
Organic synthesis
• widely used to oxidise alkenes to the vicinal diols
• In combination with sodium periodate, OsO4 is used for the oxidative cleavage of alkenes
Biological staining
• widely used staining agent used in TEM to provide contrast to the image
Osmeth
• OsO4 can be recycled and stored in the form of osmeth
• OsO4 complexed with hexamine
• Use to make solution of OsO4
Osmium ore refining
• intermediate in osmium ore refining
Buckminsterfullerene adduct
• formed from a derivative of OsO4, was C60(OsO4)(4-tert-butylpyridine)2
• The adduct broke the fullerene's symmetry allowing for crystallization and confirmation of the structure of C60