EntomologyOSUEMasterGardeners

MahoningCountyClassof2017

OHIOSTATEUNIVERSITYEXTENSION

BillSnyderApril4,2017

AlthoughthemanualchapterisenKtled“EntomologyandPestManagement,”itintroducesmanynon-insectorganismsinasomewhatconfusingfashion.

Entomology:ThestudyofInsects

WewillbrieflylookatMollusksandthanmoveontoArthropods.

MGNote:

Phylum:Arthropoda(“JointedFoot”animals)

Mollusca

Kingdom:Animalia

Snail Slug

ExternalShell InternalShell

Phylum:Mollusca Class:Cephalopoda(squidandoctopus) Class:Gastropoda(snailsandslugs)

Wewillgetthenon-insectsoutofthewayquicklyandconcentrateonEntomology.

Entomology:ThestudyofInsects

Arthropodology:ThestudyofArthropods

Anarthropodisaninvertebrateanimalhavinganexoskeleton,asegmentedbody,andjointedappendages.

ArthropodsaremembersofthePhylumArthropoda(fromGreekmeaning"jointedfeet"),andincludetheinsects,arachnids,crustaceans,andothers.

Kingdom:AnimaliaPhylum:Arthropoda(“JointedFoot”animals) SubPhylum:Crustacea

AquaKc:Lobster,CrabandShrimp Class:Malacostraca

Lobster

Crab

Shrimp

Kingdom:AnimaliaPhylum:Arthropoda(“JointedFoot”animals) SubPhylum:Crustacea

AquaKc:Lobster,CrabandShrimp Class:Malacostraca

Terrestrial:PillbugandSowbug

Pillbug Sowbug

SevenPairsofLegs

Kingdom:Animalia

Class:Chilopoda(cenKpedes)Phylum:Arthropoda(“JointedFoot”animals)

fastmovingonepairoflegspersegment

willbite,butnotconsidereddangerousconsumeinsects

preferdampcondiKons

Kingdom:AnimaliaPhylum:Arthropoda(“JointedFoot”animals)

slowmoving twopairsoflegspersegment

willnotbiteconsumefungi

preferdampcondiKons

Class:Diplopoda(millipedes)

rollintoaballfordefense

Kingdom:Animalia

Class:ArachnidiaPhylum:Arthropoda(“JointedFoot”animals)

Order:Opiliones(Daddy-Longlegs) Order:Acari(Mites) Order:Araneae(Spiders)

Order:Pseudoscorpiones(Pseudoscorpions)

Bodiesdividedinto2regions4pairofwalkinglegs

SimpleeyeswhenpresentNoantennae

Nowings

Kingdom:Animalia

Class:ArachnidiaPhylum:Arthropoda(“JointedFoot”animals)

Order:Opiliones(Daddy-Longlegs) Order:Pseudoscorpiones(Pseudoscorpions)

Pseudoscorpion Daddy-longlegs

Pedipalp

Kingdom:Animalia

Class:ArachnidiaPhylum:Arthropoda(“JointedFoot”animals)

Order:Acari(Mites)

Mitescanbecarnivorous(feedingoninsectsandothermites),herbivorous(feedingonplantmaterial),saprophyDc(feedingondeadorganicmaber)orparasiDc(feedingonthebloodofahost).

Thetwo-spobedspidermiteabacksnearlyallgreenhouseplantsaswellasoutdoorflowersandmanyvegetablesandfruits.

Eriophyidmitesareplantparasitesthatpenetrateplantcellsandsuckupthecellularcontents.ThisfeedingcausesplantstodeformtheirKssueformingGalls.Gallsarespecificresponsestoplantparasitefeeding.

EriophyidMiteGalls

SpindleGall:MapleandLinden MapleBladderGall

ParasiKcMitesincludeTicksandChiggers

NewlyHatchedyoung,calledalarva,haveonlythreepairsoflegs.

DeerTick LymeDisease(bacterial/Dckvector)

Kingdom:Animalia

Class:ArachnidiaPhylum:Arthropoda(“JointedFoot”animals)

Order:Araneae(Spiders)

Bodiesdividedinto2regions4pairofwalkinglegs

Simpleeyes-odenmulKpleNoantennae

Nowings

Pedipalp

WolfSpider

Cephalothorax

Abdomen

Here’slookingatyou

PoisonousSpidersinOhio

BrownRecluseSpider

PoisonousSpidersinOhio

BlackWidowSpider

CoolSpidersintoourPPDC(plantandpestdiagnosKcclinic)

BothareOrbWeaverSpiders

PhylaoftheAnimalKingdom(Insectsareaverysuccessfulgroup)

Whyareinsectsso

successful?

InsectPower

FruitFly(Drosophilamelanogaster)–UnderidealcondiKons,canproduce25generaDonsayear.

EachgeneraKon,thefemalewilllayupto100eggs,halfdevelopingintomalesandhalfintofemales.

SupposewestartwithapairoffliesandallowthemtoincreaseunderidealcondiKons,withnochecksonincrease,forasingleyear

ThirdGeneraKon(5000)

119,200,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000flies

FirstGeneraKon(2)

SecondGeneraKon(100) …

Attheendoftheyear:Twenty-fidhGeneraKonwillcontain

IfthismanyflieswerepackedKghtlytogether,1000toacubicinch...

...theywouldformalargeballofflies.

1,000FruitFlies

119,200,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000flies

7,926milesindiameter

Earth

SizeoftheFruitFlyBall?

110Kmes

Earthis7,926milesindiameter

865,000milesindiameter(110DmesthediameteroftheEarth)

Sun

110Kmes

Sunis865,000milesindiameter

96,000,000milesindiameter(110DmesthediameteroftheSun)

(theapproximatedistancebetweentheearthandthesun)

FruitflyBall

InsectDiverseEnvironmentsAdapKngtonumeroushabitats

TropicsRainforests

SubtropicsDeserts

Stenocarabeetle

<0.4inchrain/year

NamibDesert

InsectDiverseEnvironmentsAdapKngtonumeroushabitats

TropicsRainforests

SubtropicsDeserts

TemperateRegionsOldgrowthforests

TundraMountainsAquaKc

Freshwater,stagnantandbrackish

Ofthenearly100,000insectspeciesintheUnitedStates,onlyabout600speciesareconsideredpests.

0.6%areconsideredpests

99.4%arenotharmfulorareevenbeneficial.

Insects:FunFacts

Insects:FunFactsInsectsarethoughttohavebeenheremorethan300millionyears.

Atanymomentthereare10quinKllioninsectsonearth.

1.5millionspecieshavebeennamed.1.5-3millionmorespeciesyettobediscoveredandnamed.10millionspeciesmayexist.

10,000,000,000,000,000,000

Insects:TheDownSide20%ofallcropsareeatenbyinsectsTradiKonaldiseasescarriedbyinsects(insectsasvectors):

BubonicPlague(flea/bacterial)Typhus(louse/bacterial)YellowFever(mosquito/viral)Malaria(mosquito/protozoan)

TodayintheU.S.ZikaVirus,WestNileVirus,EasternEquineEncephaliKs(Virus)andHeartworm(parasiKcroundworm)(allmosquitoes)PlantDestrucKon:DutchElmDisease(ElmBarkBeetle(vectorfungi)),GypsyMoth,EmeraldAshBorerandAsianLong-hornedBeetle

InsectBenefitsProducts:

Dyes,NaturalMedicines,Oils,Waxes,SilkandHoney

PollinaKon(EuropeanHoneyBee)BiologicalControls:

Parasites(WaspsandFlies)

TomatoHornworm PupaefromBraconidWasp

2011CanfieldFairMasterGardenerDisplay

TomatoHornworm TomatoHornworm&BraconidWaspPupae

Queasy Alert!

hbps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vMG-LWyNcAs

TomatoCutworm

(Z)-3-Hexenol

NeighboringPlantsdetectabsorb

andconvert

ToxictoCutworms

InsectBenefits(conKnued)

Decomposers

Foodformanyorganisms

BiologicalControls:Parasites(WaspsandFlies)Predators(TrueBugs,Beetles,Flies,GreenLacewings, PrayingManKs,etc.)

Convergent lady beetle eating aphids

Adults can eat as many as 50 aphids a day

Kingdom:Animalia

Class:HexapodaorInsecta(Insects)Phylum:Arthropoda(“JointedFoot”animals)

MostadultinsectshavethefollowingcharacterisKcs:

Abodydividedintothreeparts(head,thoraxandabdomen)

Threepairsoflegs

Usuallyonepairofantennaeandapairofcompoundeyes (afewexcepKonstothesecharacterisKcsarefound)

Usuallytwopairsofwings (absentinmanyinsectssuchaslice,fleasandwinglessants;flieshaveonepairofwings)