Osvaldo Telese Mobile Communication Group, Alcatel Italiagiambene/reti_di_telecomunicazioni_II/Wimax... · Osvaldo Telese Mobile Communication Group, Alcatel Italia. Page 2 UniSiena,

All rights reserved © 2005, AlcatelAll rights reserved © 2005, AlcatelAll rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel

Mobile WiMAX – Alcatel solution Osvaldo Telese

Mobile Communication Group, Alcatel Italia

Page 2

All rights reserved © 2006, AlcatelUniSiena, june 20th, 2006

Outline

Introduction to WiMAX technology

IEEE 802.16d-2004 and IEEE 802.16ePHY and MAC layers

Alcatel mobile WiMAX - main features

Queries and Answers

Page 3


WiMAXHotzones

Residential & SoHo, Multitenant & SMEFixed Wireless DSL

IEEE 802.16ePortability, Mobility

IEEE 802.16d(802.16-2004)

Wireless DSL, MAN

EnterpriseT1/E1, IP services

WiFiHotspots

WiMAX - High Speed Wireless Connectivity

WiMAX Certified™

Alcatel partnering with Intel for the standardization, the development, the

integration and the marketing of WiMAX end-to-end solutions

WiMAX Certified™

Alcatel partnering with Intel for the standardization, the development, the

integration and the marketing of WiMAX end-to-end solutions

IEEE 802.16aPre-WiMAX

(Backhauling)

Definition of Conformance and

Interoperability Profiles

Page 4


WiMAX - Services and Usages

Fixed Wireless DSLDSL Services for fixed end user locations (home, office)

Indoor and Outdoor Plug & Play CPEs (Custumer Premise Equipments)Main features: Indoor Coverage, NLOS

Internet in The PocketNomadicity – WiFi like

User authentication and service authorization across multiple base stations. No support for application/session continuity (no handoff/no resources reservation)

PortabilityUser authentication and service authorization across multiple base stationsPCMCIA cards/ laptop embedded chipsetsMain features:Support for hard handoff, roaming, non-real-time session continuity

MobilitySupport for real-time session continuity (voice) Main features : vehicular mobility, PDA, smartphone

Page 5


WiMAX Forum – Usage scenarii

Definition DevicesLocations/ Speed Handoff

802.16- 2004 802.16e

Fixed Outdoor and Indoor CPE

Single / Stationary No Yes Yes

NomadicIndoor CPE, PCMCIA card

Multiple / Stationary No Yes Yes

PortabilityPCMCIA card

(laptop)Multiple / Pedestrian

Hard handoff No Yes

Simple Mobility

PCMCIA card (laptop), PDA Smartphone

Multiple / Low

vehicularHard

handoff No Yes

Full Mobility

PCMCIA card (laptop), PDA Smartphone

Multiple / High

vehicular Soft handoff No Yes

Types of ACCESS to a WiMAX network

Page 6


WiMAX Positioning

012345

Spectraleff iciency

Global cost

CPE cost

Mobility

Security

Reach

Number ofsimultaneous

subs / cell

Spectrum w idth

cc

WiFi

012345

Spectral eff iciency

Global cost

CPE cost

Mobility

Security

Reach

Number ofsimultaneous subs /

cell

Spectrum w idth

Voice, data & multimedia PtPNationwide coverageFull mobility

Hotspot coverage, “on the pause”Low CPE costLower securityNo guaranteed bit rate (shared pipe)

WiMAX

012345

Spectral efficiency

Global cost

CPE cost

Mobility

Security

Reach

Number ofsimultaneous subs

/ cell

Spectrum width

Broadband Wireless Access “on the move”Area coverageHigh capacityQoS

Note: Comparative ranking with other technologies in performance per cell. Global cost per end user including spectrum fee.Source: Alcatel

Page 7


Digital Divide: unequal access to ICT’s

Broadband Wireless

Base Station

Fiber

Radio Link or WiMAX

WiMAX as a cost efficient technology to build a BB networkin low density/low demand areas

WiMAX as a cost efficient technology to build a BB networkin low density/low demand areas

CNC China

Page 8


WiMAX User Terminal evolution

2007

2008

2006

2005 IEEE 802.16e

IEEE 802.16-2004

Outdoor CPE 500-700€

SmartphonesIntegrated in

laptops & PDA< 35€

Indoor CPE 200€

PCMCIA 100€

Main Market DriverKorea / WibroEarly availability of Multimedia devices

Fixed Wireless Access Internet In the Pocket Mobile

Page 9


2008 “Broad CE Devices”Wifi+WiMAX+DVB H

Integration

WiMAX Terminal Roadmap (source: Intel)

2006-08“Nomadic & Mobile

WiMAX Devices”

2004-06“WiMAX Modems”

Page 10


WiMAX - spectrum availability

GHz32 4 5

3G Bands1900-20252110-2200

US WCS2305-23202345-2360

ISMWi-Fi (802.11b,g)

2400-2480

US MMDS2500-2690

Amateur, Military3300-3400

3.5 GHz Band3400-3600

6

US Low-Mid UNII BandWi-Fi (802.11a)

5150-5350

WRC (New)5470-5725

US Upper UNII Band

5725-5850

Weather Radar2700-2900

Licensed WiMAX Wi-Fi/Unlicensed WiMAX

Page 11


WiMAX - spectrum availability

The primary licensed band available for WiMAX applications is expected to be the 3.5GHz band

Main areas: Europe, Canada, ChinaIt is defined with 100MHz duplex spacing for FDD usage.TDD usage has to be checked country by country

3.5 GHz is used in Italy for WiMAX trials, under FUB monitoring (2005) Some countries starting to consider 3.3-3.4 and 3.6-3.8GHz

2.3GHz and 2.5-2.7GHz bands2.5-2.7 GHz

Allocated in Philippines, US, Brazil, Canada, MexicoUnstable situation in USA (Nextel, Sprint blocking spectrum usage)Europe: allocation to mobile WiMAX vs. 3G/IMT2000 under evaluation

2.3-2.4 GHz most prevalent in Southeast AsiaWibro licensed in Korea early 2005,Canada, AUS/NZ allocated, Singapore has trial licenses available

Page 12


Mobile WiMAX: version meeting market needs

Wireless DSL Broadband @ Home & Office Mobile Broadband

802.16e

VoIP , IMSBroadband InternetMobile IPTV

802.16e

Residential and SOHO WLL

better Fixed Wireless DSL + Mobile Broadband = 16ebetter Fixed Wireless DSL + Mobile Broadband = 16e

Page 13


Mobile WiMAX A Multi-Service Broadband Wireless Access technology

Secured Access

Strict QoS

Real Time

Mobile Always On

Business Access

Video

Voice

High Speed Internet (HSI)

Mobile TV

Gaming

Unlimited Usage

Low Latency

WiMAX enables an unlimited combination of services

Throughput=

Performance

QoS=

Guarantee

Latency=

Interactivity

Mobility=

Anywhere

Security=

Privacy

Power save=

Portability

Page 14


Mobile WiMAX: end-to-end network architectureAn All IP Network

ASN Access Service Network SS Subscriber StationNAP Network Access Provider BS Base StationNSP Network Service Provider CSN Core Service NetworkRx agreed reference interface

SS ASNGW

BS

BS

BS Internet/peer IP

networks

R1

R6

R6

R6

R8

R8

R6

R4

R3R5

NAP NSP

to otherASN GW

ASN(routed or switched)

V-CSN H-CSN

Page 15


Alcatel mobile WiMAX SolutionStrong Technology Assets from Day One and Cost Saving

SOFDMA, Multilevel Modulation & Coding= Better performance + Cost Saving

Mobility Support From First Release

Smart AntennasEnhance coverage ( sites/2) Increase capacity (+40%), Reduce Interference –80%

= Cost saving

Optimized for Mobile TV Support

= New services

@

Compact BTS35 liters, no indoor equipments need =

Cost saving

Page 16


Outline




Queries and Answers

Page 17


IEEE 802.16d/e Physical LayerMajor Technical Characteristics

Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) and LOS environmentsLicensed and unlicensed spectrum [2-11 GHz]

Several spectrum canalizations possible: 1.5 MHz ~ 20 MHz.16d : TDD and FDD duplexing .16e : currently TDD duplexing only

Three physical layer technologies:Single carrier modulationCOFDM with 256 point FFT (currently adopted by fixed WiMAX)OFDMA with up to 2048 point FFT (currently adopted by mobile WiMAX , with scalability of the FFT size according to channel bandwidth)

Support for Smart Antennas, MIMO, Turbo Codes in mobile WiMAXHigh spectral efficiency: up to 3.75 bps/Hz (Adaptive Modulation)

but dimensioning in real NLOS case in the range of 2 bps/Hz

Cell radius very dependant on the environment * (NLOS, LOS, Urban, Rural): LOS up to 30 km, NLOS 1 - 3 km * and tower height, antenna gain, tx power

Page 18


WiMAX certification profiles - Physical Layer

Band (MHz) DuplexingChannels

(MHz)

3400-3600 TDD 3,5

3400-3600 FDD 3,5

3400-3600 TDD 7

3400-3600 FDD 7

5725-5850 TDD 10

Certification Profiles WiMAX 802.16-2004

Band (GHz) DuplexingChannels

(MHz)

2.3/2.5/3.3/3.5 TDD 5

2.3/2.5/3.3/3.5 TDD 7

2.3/2.5/3.3/3.5 TDD 8,75

2.3/2.5/3.3/3.5 TDD 10

2.3/2.5/3.3/3.5 TDD 20 ?

Candidate Profiles Mobile WiMAX Rel 1

Page 19


IEEE 802.16d/e Physical LayerMultiplexing, Modulation, Coding

Multicarrier modulationMultipath propagation, in LOS and NLOS conditionsFrequency selective channels

Support for QPSK, 16/64-QAMSupport for MIMO and AAS Convolutional Codes, InterleavingMobile WiMAX:

Convolutional Turbo CodesChanel Quality Indicator via feedback channelHybrid Auto Repeat RequestAdaptive Modulation and Coding

Robust link adaptation at vehicular speed (> 120Km/h)

Page 20


IEEE 802.16d/e MAC LayerMajor Technical Characteristics

Generic MAC layer for all PHY layer options:

PtP and Mesh architecturesfixed WiMAX, BS < -- > SSs:

Downlink : multiplex TDMUplink: shared, TDMA, access controlled by the BS

MAC Connection oriented Support for Burst, streaming, continuous traffic, QoSControl channels (basic+ management)Transport channels

Centralised resource allocation, with frame-by-frame scheduling.Scalable channel bandwidth

Specific ConvergenceSubLayer

CommonSubLayer

PrivacySubLayer

ATM IPv4, IPv6,…

IEEE 802.16 MAC Layer

Page 21


IEEE 802.16d/e MAC LayerMajor Technical Characteristics

QoS support for different traffic typesUGS : Unsolicited Grant Services - supports constant bitrateservices (CBR)(Max sustained rate, Max latency tolerance, Jiitter tolerance)rtPS : real-time Polling Services - supports variable data rate real-time services, e.g. MPEG video, VoIP with activity detectionnrtPS : Non-real-time Polling Service supports non-real-time variable size data packets, e.g. FTPBE : Best Effort services

Two Subscriber Station classes:Grant per ConnectionGrant per SS

Page 22


IEEE 802.16d MAC LayerMajor Technical Characteristics

Privacy sublayer: Access authentication & ConfidentialityBuids up Security Associations BS < -- > SSData SA

for each transport channel and secondary control channel - stores – used algorithm for traffic encryption (DES, AES)– current and next Traffic Key Encryption (TKE)– TKE lifetime, TKE initialization vector, etc.

Authorization SADedicated to device/user authentication, stores

– X509 certificates (per SS Manufacturer, per SS MAC address);– Authorization key (AK, 160 bit), estabilished by the BS after SS authentication

shared secret between SS and BS;– AK lifetime, etc– from the AK key following keys are calculated

– Key Encryption Key (KE, (3DES,112 bit, derived from AK) to encrypt the TEK which is distributed over the air

– HMAC keys i.e. message authentication codes, to ensure integrity of signallingmessages, respectively in UL and DL

Page 23


IEEE 802.16d MAC LayerMajor Technical Characteristics

Privacy and Key Management (PKM) Protocol, v2manages security via REQ/RSP messages, MAC protectedAuthorization: an SS intends to join the network

Msg 1, SS -> BS : Cert_Manufacturer-SSMsg 2, SS -> BS : Cert_SS ||Capabilities ||SAidMsg 3, BS -> SS : RSA-Encrypt[PublicKey_SS,AK] ||Lifetime ||SAidList

SS is now authorised to register at the BS: the BS allocates a CID, the SS can stabilish a secondary control and transport connections.TEK key distribution

HMAC-Key_UL[Key Request]

HMAC-Key_DL{Key Reply[3DES(KEK ||TEK0,TEK1) ] }

SS BS

Page 24


Mobile WiMAX: a fully fledged security architecture

Best in class security featuresPrivacy and Key Management Protocol, v2

Automatic configurationDevice/User Authentication using IETF EAP- Extensible Authentication Protocol

Mutual authentication SS – BS (supplicant/ authenticator/authentication server)Centralised policy control: session time out triggers re-authenticationEncryption keys dinamically derived after authenticationCredentials: SIM-based, USIM-based, Digital Certificate, Login/Password

Traffic Encryption using AES-CCMEncryption keys (TEKs) derived from EAP authenticationPeriodical TEK refresh mechanism

Control message protection/integrity using MD5-based MAC schemesFast handover support

Re-authentication using a 3-way handshake scheme

Page 25


Mobile WiMAX: Mobility Management

Battery lifeSleep mode: the MS negotiates periods of absence from the serving BS

no DL and UL traffic: MS is seen as not availavle from the BSin sleep state the MS scans BSs to assist handoff procedure

Idle mode: the MS becames periodically available for DL broadcasttraffic messaging (paging) without registration

HandoffEnables the MS to switch from one BS to another at vehicular speedwithout service interruptionHard handoff mechanismFast Base Station Switching

Page 26


Outline




Queries and Answers

Page 27


Alcatel mobile WiMAX: end-to-end solution

IPbackhauling

IP

ApplicationsWiMAX Base Station• 802.16e• TDD • Advanced Antenna System• Mobility

Wireless Access Controller (WAC)•Security and Authentication•Accounting•Traffic routing•Mobility management

End-user devices• W-DSL• PCMCIA• PDA•… IP

IP

WiMAX OMC-R (Operation and Management Center)• Network surveillance• Quality of service monitoring • Radio network planning/optimization

Page 28


Alcatel mobile WiMAX : IP/IT Based Flat Architecture

WiMAX 16e is the First Full IP Standard Radio Access Network

IP/IT based flat architectureReduced network complexity and number of nodesBetter latencyEasier e2e QoSIP broadcast & Unicast/ Multicast

IP BackboneWAC

EthernetMedia

Gateways

Call Servers

Outdoor

Indoor

Base Station

Reduced network complexity, full IP with

e2e QoS

Reduced network complexity, full IP with

e2e QoS

Page 29


Alcatel WiMAX: Base Station categories

Light Base station1 sector extendable to 3Equipment around 35 litres/30kgAAS scalable 2 to 4 antennas,Hot spots and Rural

35 dBm per antenna

Macro Sites, shelf basedHigh Capacity Urban/SubUrban sites, Multi standard GSM/UMTS based

Pico SitesCampus and indoorLicensed and UnlicensedLow powerMeshed configurationEquipment < 10 litres/10kg range

CentrinoWimax

Platform

“The strategic relationship between Alcatel and Intel lays the foundation for nomadic broadband wireless to succeed”Signals Research Group

802.16 e

Page 30


Fixed WiMAX - Performance Wireless DSL Urban environment

Light install CPEsOutdoor NLOS antenna

Zero install CPEs Indoor

> CPE@10 m

CPE@4 m

> CPE@10 m

[email protected]

1km

Around 3km

1.5 km

Around 4km

Maximum user data rate : 22 Mbit/s (80% probability)

Minimum user data rate :4.5 Mbit/s (99.9% probability)

Sectorized BS10MHz

40 m

* NLOS= Non Line Of Sight

Page 31


Fixed WiMAX - Performance Wireless DSL Rural and Sub-Urban environment

3.5GHzIndoor

3.5 GHzOutdoor

5.2 14

Typical Values

ConditionsIndoor Penetration 15dB

Ante. Height 35mAAS 4 Ante.

BS OP 35dBmSS : 27dBm W-DSL

A.Gain : W-DSLTDD 3:1

1024kbps DL128kbs UL at cell range for Wimax

41.45

RuralConditions

5MHz ChannelAgriculture Model90% Probability

3.5GHzIndoor

3.5 GHzOutdoor

Sub URBAN

RURAL

Sub UrbanConditions

5MHz ChannelSub Urban Model95% Probability

5 MHz

5 MHz

5 MHz

Wall

Roof-top

Indoor

Page 32


Nomadic/Portable Network Design

Dense UrbanEnvironment

EDGE900

EDGE1800

HSDPACapa driven

WiMAXWDSL3.5GHz

WiMAXWDSL

2.6 GHz

WiMAXNomadic3.5GHz

WiMAXNomadic2.6 GHz

0.70.5 0.5

0.6 0.75

10MHzChannel

Around : 15 Mbps DL /6 Mbps UL

Typical Values

ConditionsIndoor Penetration 15dB

Ante. Height 35mAAS 4 AntennasBS OP 35dBm

SS : 20dBm Nomadic / 27dBm W-DSLA.Gain : 2dBi Nomadic / 6dBi W-DSL

TDD 3:1

Macro Mobile Site ReusePossible for WDSLIssue for Nomadic

0.350.3

HSDPAAround

1.3-2Mb DL & 500kbUL

EDGEAround

200-260kb/TRX

Page 33


User

strong interferer

1 antenna

element2 antenna

elements

4 antenna

elements

- 39% sites - 35% sites

÷ 2 sites

Number of antenna elements impacts

More than twice less sitesRange/coverage enhancementAverage throughput gain up to 40%

Alcatel WiMAX AAS drastically improve system performance

coverage enhancement by higher gain of the BS antenna, higher robustness of the radio link (UL 5dB, DL 11dB) which leads to increased range and improvement of indoor coverage

interference reduction with adaptive beamformingper subscriber in DL and UL, combined with OFDMA

steering the direction of the max transmit powerEnhancement of frequency reuse pattern

capacity increase due to better link quality and, in a second step by employing space as an additional degree of freedom for multiplexing in DL

4 Antennae Array

Page 34


Alcatel WiMAX AAS – The Three Virtues

Adaptive Antenna System Beam forming

Increased Capacity Better Link Quality

Adapted modulation scheme

Capacity increase

Up to 40 % throughput gain

Enhanced Coverage Improved coverage

More robust radio link

Cell site number divided by 2

Reduced InterferenceInterference reduction –80%

Side Lobe suppression

Smaller frequency reuse distances

Page 35


Page 36


Page 37


WiMAX: Advanced features802.16e versus 802.16d

QPS

K 1

/2

QPS

K 3

/4

16Q

AM

1/2

16Q

AM

3/4

64Q

AM

2/3

64Q

AM

3/4

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

Efficiency UL G729 - 20 ms framing

16d (Average 48%)16e (Average 94%)

Better VoIP : Double number of calls Max 50% efficiency with 802.16d ~ 95% efficiency with 802.16e

16.e = SOFDMA, Multilevel Modulation & Coding

8 Mbps*

- 3 dB

16 Mbps* 11 Mbps*

22 Mbps*

Sub channeling 802.16d vs. 802.16e

16.e Sub channeling = up to + 70% coverage

Page 38


Why WiMAX 802.16e-2005 is better than 16.d?

Higher performance than 16d: half base stations for the same coverage + double VoIP callsbenefits of Alcatel smart antennas (double coverage, + 40% more throughput, -80% interferences)

Mobility mechanisms only with 16e Smart Devices (PCMCIA etc..) : only 16e

Mass Market terminals only compatible with 16ePower consumption reduced up to 1/10

Radio Features making Indoor CPE & PCMCIA deployment feasible developed only with 16e

Smart Antennas, Sub-channeling 16e & 16d air interfaces are NOT COMPATIBLE

WiMAX : Worldwide interoperable Microwave Access

Page 39


WiMAX Trials in Italy

In Italy the WiMAX Trial Authorization process has been led by Fondazione Ugo Bordoni, delegated by Ministero delle Comunicazioni

Usage of frequency band: 3.4-3.6 GHz, currently allocated to Ministerodella Difesa

Preferred sites: cities, rural or mountains areas.

Alcatel, as equipment manufacturer and e2e integrator, has participated to all FUB audits

Alcatel is currently managing 5 WiMAX trials in Italy (fixed WiMAX)

Scheduled trial end by june 2006(preliminary trial results availble from FUB Web site)

Page 40


Queries and Answers

[email protected]

Page 41


WiMAX Integration in Fixed Networks

BRAS

ISAMDSL

modem

WiMAX (integration in wireline DSL)

worldwideInternet

PSTN

InternetGW

voiceGW

WiMaxbase

station

fixed

nomadic

AggregationProvider

IP backbone

ProviderService Evt

AAA NMS

WAC( WiMAX Access Controller)• Access Control (authentication, accounting)• IP connectivity and traffic routing• Security• Mobility• Scalable architecture, hundreds WiMAX BS

WiMAX OMC-R (Operation and Management Center)• Network surveillance• Quality of service monitoring • Radio network planning/optimization •Can be integrated seamlessly into existing IT systems

WiMAX (stand alone)WiMaxbase

station

fixed

nomadic

WiMaxaccess

controller

OMC-R

Page 42


WiMAX Interworking in 3GPP Mobile Networks

AAA

NodeB

Cellular radio

worldwideInternet

NMSSMS-C

SGSN

PSTN

voiceGW

RNCBSC

BTS

WiMAX (stand alone)WiMaxbase

station

fixed

nomadic

WiMaxaccess

controller

OMC-R

IPAggregation

PDSNSGSN

Outdoor

Mobile PacketCore Network

HLRHLRHLR

AAAAAAPrepaid

Charging GW

corporate

GGSN/PDG

Operator value added

contentPDG = Packet Data GatewayEAP-SIM Authentication

Page 43


ASN

Proposals for mobility1. Use of MIP for both micro & macro mobility

payloadPoA@

Micro-Mobility MIP tunnel Macro-Mobility MIP tunnel

payloadPoA@CoA@payloadPoA@BS@+Tunnel idpayloadPoA@

MSSASNGW

HA FABSFA

MIP for micro mobility

PrincipleFA in BS and HA in ASN-GW for micro mobilityFA in ASN-GW and HA in CSN for macro mobility

H-CSNHA

Page 44


ASN

Proposals for mobility 2. Use of 802.16e for micro

payloadPoA@

Macro-Mobility MIP tunnel

payloadPoA@CoA@

MSSASNGW FA

BS

802.16e backbonesignaling for micro

mobility

> Principle• 802.16e backbone signaling between BS and ASN-GW• FA in ASN-GW and HA in CSN for macro mobility

H-CSNHA

IEEE 802.16e specific

Micro-Mobility IP tunnel

Documents

Osvaldo Telese Mobile Communication Group, Alcatel Italiagiambene/reti_di_telecomunicazioni_II/Wimax... · Osvaldo Telese Mobile Communication Group, Alcatel Italia. Page 2 UniSiena,