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8/13/2019 OT Through Life Span
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Occupational Therapy
through Life Span
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Health Promotion
The path to health and well-being is
linked to the daily occupations
(activities)in which we choose to
participate.
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World Health Organization
The World Health Organization (WHO)
defines health as a state of complete
physical, mental and social well-being
and not merely the absence of disease orsickness (WHO, 1948).
The WHO measures health based on theability of a person to participate in life.
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OT Focuses
Occupational therapy is a profession
that focuson enablingclients to
maximize their capacity to participate
in life activities that are important and
meaningful to them.
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How to promote health ?
By helping clients adapt and organize their
daily occupations or activities related to
self-care, home management, community
participation, education, work and/orleisureinto daily routines to preventand
minimizedysfunction, promote and
develop a healthy lifestyle, and facilitate
adaptation and recovery from injury,disease, or developmental challenges
(problems).
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Example 1
A person who enjoyed gardening but gave upthis meaningful activity due to back painmay experience improved well being if hecan continue through adaptations such as:
Raised gardens (pots), or long handledtools to minimize strain on the back.
Teaching someone to change positions
frequently and to limit their time per day inthe garden might be an alternate approachto improved ones health.
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Example 2
An OT working with a client with diabetes
may teach techniques to monitor skin
integrity and avoid skin breakdown, assist
in establishing a daily meal intake schedule
for proper nutrition, and assist him in
locating an accessible community exercise
program.
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Occupational Therapyfor Young Children
Birth Through 5 Years of Age
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Occupational Therapists
Support and promote the development
and engagement of infants, toddlers,
and preschoolers, andtheir families,
in everyday activities :
ex:
play, rest, sleep, study, and
social participation(family, peers).
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Occupational therapy is
concerned with
A childs ability to participate in daily life
activities or occupations.
OT design interventions that promote
healthy development, establish neededskills, and modify environments to prevent
further disability, all in support of
participation in daily activities.
OT plays a key role in advising parents
about their childrens problems and the
developmental diversity in health and
learning needs.
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Why So that togetherthey can plan to prevent,
promote, work on finding solutions or
alternatives for the time being and future,
concerning:
Playing, eating, sitting, bathing, showering,
schooling, wheelchair choosing, brothers and
sisters, family members ....
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Infants & toddlers problems
Developmental delays,
Feeding problems,
Learning disabilities,
Coordination & self care skills,
Behaviour and social skills,
Communication,..
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Occupational Therapists
DO NOT:
Treat the diagnoses
BUTWork with the child & his family to
help the child to function at the
highest possible level & actively
participate in his occupations.
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Occupational Therapist
Intervention is to facilitate development
Close the Gap
Through using
Developmental frame of reference to evaluatethe child ?
How do you as a PTevaluate the childs ability?
(relate age and abilities)
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relate age and abilities
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The OT intervention
Mainly playful, it targetsbehaviouralregulations, feeding techniques, motor skills
development, & sensory integration..
Might require
splinting, (sleeping, sitting, eating, bathing)
positioning, toys adaption,...
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Occupational Therapy With
Children and Youth
OT work with children, youth, and their
families to promote activeparticipation in
activities or occupations that are
meaningful to them. For children and youth, occupations are activities
that enable them to learn and develop life skills (e.g.,
school activities), be creative and/or derive
enjoyment (e.g., play with mates..), and beindependent (e.g., self-care and care for others)
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Intervention with children andyouth
Recommended interventions are based on an
understanding of development and the impact
of disability, illness, and impairment on the
individual childs development, play, learning,
and overall occupational performance.
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Developmental needs
The primary occupations of young
children are playand interactingwith
family. Occupational therapists
evaluatechildrens developmentandprovide intervention to improve skills
and/or modify environments when
concerns arise about a childsfunctional performance.
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Some examples
facilitating movement to help a child sitindependently or crawl;
helping a child learn to follow 2- or 3-step
instructions;
helping a child develop the ability to dressindependently;
helping a child learn to cope with disappointment or
failure;
reducing environmental noise for a child who iseasily distracted;
building skills for sharing, taking turns, and
playing with peers; and
helping a child develop the ability to use toys andmaterials in both traditional and creative manners.
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Educational Needs
OT work with students in preschool,
and elementary, middle, and high
school to:
Support: learning, appropriate
behaviour, and participation in daily
school activities.
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At school
OT collaborate with teachers, and
parents, on ways to support student
learning throughout the school
environment.
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OT Role
Fine motor and manipulation kills/handwriting
Upper body strengthening to improve posture,
reaching coordination
Sensorimotor activities to improve balance,
coordination, body awareness, attention and
focus ...
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OT Role
Neurondevelopmental techniques to improve
movement patterns, head control, &
maneuver in movement (back to side..)
Adaptations and activities for feeding,
dressing & grooming skills
Assistive technology (laptops,..) and adaptive
equipment needed to help in being
independent in ADL (as much as possible)
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Adolescence & development
Characteristics:
Independent from family & sense of self
Focus on group peer
Imitation, clothes, singers, identity..
Team activities
social skills
Marriage and work
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Intervention
Through group work
New image and identity
Building trust Emotional feelings and confusion
Choice of activities
Hobbies & skills activities
Work related activities
Finally a job !!!!
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Later adulthood over 65 years of
age
Many physical changes occurs
Jobless
Hobby less
Family problems
Loss of spouse, or peers
Dependent on Grandchildren (????? )
Struggle with physical declines..
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OT intervention
Compensate for lack of function
Adapt and/ or modify activities (tools/place)
Home safety tips Compensation technique (prioritize, resting.. )
Technical aids
Home adaptations (technical aids, )
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Summary
When conducting evaluation and intervention:
we need to consider AGE !!!!
We vary in age development but almost thesame for all unless we have a turning point for
different reasons
We need to understand the developmental
tasks over the life span, cz it provides insight
into the occupations associated with the
period in a persons life.
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What is the aim of this toy ?