THE

OUARTERLY JOURNAL

OF THE

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.

EDITED BY

THE ASSISTANT-SECRETARY OF THE GEQLOGICAL SOCIETY.

Quod si cui mortal ium cordi et curve sit non tan tum invent is hmrere, atquo iis utl, sed ad ulteriora penetrate ; atque non disputando adversarium, sed opere n a t u r a m vincere ; denique non belle et probabili~er opinari , sed eerto et ostensive sci re ; tales, t anquam veri scientiarum filii, nobis (si videbitur) se adjungaut. --Novum Organum, Pr~fatio.

V O L U M E THE SIXTY-SECOND.

1906.

LONDON :

LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO. P . ~ R I S : C H A R L E S K L I N C K S I E C K , 11 R U E D E L I L L E .

SOLD ALSO AT T H E A P A R T M E N T S OF T H E SOCIETY.

bIDCCCCVI.

O F T I l E

O F F f C E R S

OF T H E

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.

Elected February lgth, 1906.

0r r Sir Archibald Geikie, Se.D,, D.C.L., LL.D., See.R.S.

Robert Stansfield Herries, M.A. ] Aubrey Strahan, ]YL&., P.R.S. John Edward Marr, Se.D., F.R.S. I J. J. ~Iarris Teall, M.A., D.Se., F.R.S.

/ i~cr~taritg. Profi William Whitehead Watts, :M.A., ] Prof. Edmund Johnstone Garwood, ~/LA.

M.Se., F.R.S. I ,-I/~artign ~ t t r ~ t a r p , ~ r e a ~ u r r r o

Sir John Evans, K.C.B., D.O.L., LL.D., [ Horace Woollaston ]~onekton, Treas.L.S. F.R.S., F. LS. I

Henry Howe Arnold-Bemrosc, M.A., J.P. Prof.Thomas George :Bonney,Sc.D.,LL.D.,

F.R.S., F.S.A. Sir John Evans, K.C.B., D.C.L., LL.D.,

F.R.S. Prof'. Edmund Johnstone Garwood, M.A. Sir Archibald Geikie, Se.D., D.C.L., LL.D.,

See.R.S. Robert Stausfield Herries, M.A. Finlay Lorimer Kitehin, M.A., Ph.D. Philip Lake, IVI.A. George William Lamplugh, :F.R.S. Richard Lydekker, B.A., F.Ir :Bedford McNeill, Assoc.lC.S.M.

John Edward Marr, Se.D., F.R.S. Horace Woollaston Monckton, Treas.L.S. :Frederick William :Rudler, I.S.O. Leonard James Spencer, M.A. Aubrey Strahan, M.A., :F.R.S. Charles Fox Strangways. J. J. Harris Teall, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S. Richard Hill Tiddeman, M.A. Prof. William Whitehead Watts, :M.A.,

M.Se., F.R.S. The Rev. Henry Hoyte Winwood, M.A.

I Arthur Smith Woodward, LL.D., F.g.S. ! Horace Bolingbroke Woodward, F.R.S. I

g~i~tant.-~tcrctarp, Elcd~, ~ibrarla~l, an~ E u r a t a r L. L. Belinfante, M.Sc.

~ i a t a n t ~ iu ~ f f i c r , ~. ibrarp, an~ ~ S u a t u m . w . Rupert Jones. Clyde H. Black,

Mec Field.

STANDING PUBLIOATION COMMITTEE. Sir Archibald Geikie, P~'e,~ide2~E.

Prof. W. W. Wat4s. i Prof. E. J. Garwood. Secretarie,~.

)

Prof. T. G. Bonney. Dr. J. E. Mart. Mr. R. S. Herries. Prof. H. A. Miers. Dr. F. L. Kitehin. :Mr. It. W. Monckton. Mr. P. Lake. .~[r. L. J. Spencer. Mr. G. W. Lamplugh. D r. J. J. H. Teall. :Mr. R. Lydekker. Mr. I-]:. Woods.

T A B L E OF C O N T E N T S .

Page BONNI~Y, Prof. THOMAS GEOI~GE. On the Relations of the Chalk

and Boulder-Clay near Royston (tIertfordshire) . . . . . . . . . . . . 491

BUCKMAN, SYDNEY S. Brachiopod IIomceomorphy (Plate XLI) .. 433

CANT:RILL, THOMAS CItOSBEE, ~3 H. H. THOMAS. On the Igneous and Associated Sedimentary Rocks of Llangynog, Caermarthen- shire (Plates XX| I I -XXVI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

CHAPI~IAN, F:REDERICK, & D. MAWSON. On the Importance of Halimeda as a Reef-forming Organism; with a Description of the Hatimeda-Limestones of the New Hebrides (Plates XLIX- LI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 702

COCKIN, GEORGE ~[ARMADUKE. On the Occurrence of Limestone of the Lower Carb~)niferous Series in the Cannock-Chase Portion of the Sotlth Staffordshire Coalfield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523

DAWSON, Dr. CItA:RLES. The Doncaster Earthquake of April 23rd, 1905 (Plate II) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

DONALD~ Miss JANE~ see LONGSTAFF.

ELLES, Miss GERTRUDE L., & Miss I. L. SLATER. The IIighest Silurian Rocks of the Ludlow District (Plate XXII) . . . . . . . . ]95

EVANS, DAVID CLEDLYN. The Ordoviciau Rocks of Western Caermarthenshire (Plate XLVI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597

EVANS, Dr. JOHN WILLIAM. The Rocks of the Cataracts of the River Madeira and the Adjoining Portions of the Beni and Mamor6 (Plate V) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

GA~WOOD, Prof'. EDMUND JOHNST0~E .. The Tarns of the Canton Ticino, Switzerland (Plates VII -XXI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

HARKER, ALFRED. The Geological Structure of the Sg~trr of Eigg (Plates I I I & IV) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

I]ICXLING, GEORGE. On Footprints from the Permian of 3Ia~lsfield (Nottinghamshire) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ]25

IIILL, the Rev. EDwin. The Chalk and Drift in M5en . . . . . . . . . . 4S4 a 2

iV TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Page

JAM_IESON, THOMAS F. The Glacial Period in Aberdeenshire and the Southern Border of the Moray Firth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

JUKES-BROWNE, ALFRED JO~N. The Clay-with-Flints : its Origin and Distribution (Plate VI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

LAKE, PHILIP. Trilobites from Bolivia, collected by Dr. J. W. Evans in 1901-1902 (Plate XL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425

LEBOUR, Prof. GEORGE ALEXANDER LOUIS, & Dr. J. A. SMYTHE. On a Case of Unconformity and Thrust in the Coal-Measures of Northumberland (Plate XLII) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530

LONGSTAFF, Mrs. G .B . Notes on the Genera Omospira, Lopho- spira, and Turrito~na; with Descriptions of New Proterozoic Species (Plates XLIII & XL[V) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552

LORENZO, Prof. GIUSEPPI,: DE. The Eruption of Vesuvius in April 1906 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476

MARSHALL, Prof. PATRICK. The Geology of Dunedin, New Zealand (Plates XXXVI-XXXIX) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381

MATLEY, Dr. CHARLES ALFR]~D. The Carboniferous Rocks at Rush (County Dublin) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275

MAWSON, DOUOLAS, & F. CHAPMAN. On the Importance of Hali- meda as a Reef-feigning Organism; with a Description of the ttalimeda-Limestones of the New Itebrides (Plates XLIX-LI). 702

OLI)~AM, RmHA~D DIXON. The Constitution of the Interior of the Earth, as revealed by Earthquakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456

PJETUaSSON, Dr. HELG~. The Crag ot: Iceland: an Intercalation in the Basalt-Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 712

RASTALL, ROBERT HERON. The Buttermere and Ennerdale Granophyre (Plates XXVII & XXVIII) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253

RICHARDSON, LINSDALL. Liassic Dentaliidm (Plate XLV) . . . . . . 573

SCHWARZ, Prof. ERNEST H. L. The Coast-Ledges in the South- West of the Cape Colony . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Sm~KESPEAR, :Mrs. G . A . On Graptolites from Bolivia, collected by Dr. J. W. :Evans in 1901-1902 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431

. The Tarannon Series of Tarannon (Plates XLVII & XLVIII) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644

SIBLu THOMAS FRANKLIN. Oil the Carboniferous Limestone (Avonian) of the l~Iendip Area (Somerset), with especial reference to the Palmontological Sequence (Plates XXXI- XXXV) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324

SLATER, Miss I. L , and Miss G. L. ELLES. The Highest Silurian Rocks of the Imdlow District (Plate XXII) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

TABLE OF CONTENTS. V

~age SMYTHE, I~r. J. A., & Prof. G. A. L. LEEOVR. On a Case of

Uncor, ibrmity and Thrust in the Coal-Measures of Nor thum- berlai~(l (Plate X L I I ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530

SOLLAS, [~'~)i: \VILLIAM JOHNSON. Recumbent Folds produced as a Res~'~t of Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 716

THO~AS, [[I ERBERT HENRY, & T. C. CANTRILL. 011 the Igneous and Associated Sedimentary Rocks of Llangynog, Caermarthen- shire (l ' lates X X I I I - X X V I ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

TREACnEI',~ LLEW~LLYN, & H. J. O. WroTE. The Phosphatic Chalks of Winterbourne and Boxford (Berkshire) . . . . . . . . . . . . 499

VAUGHAN, Dr. ART~UR. An Account of the Faunal Succession and C. rrelation [of the Carboniferous Rocks at Rush, County Dublin I (Plates X X I X & XXX) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295

WHITE, HAROLD J. OSBO~N~ & LL. Ttt~.AC~ER. The Phosphatic Chalks of Winterbourne and Boxfi)rd (Berkshire) . . . . . . . . . . 499

Woo]), Miss E. M. R., see SHA~:ESPEAR, Mrs. G. A.

Wool)wArn), Dr. ARTHUR S~IT~. On a New Specimen of the Chim~eroid Fish, Myriacanthus paradoxus, from the Lower Lias n(~ar Lyme Regis, Dorset (Plate I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

P R O C E E D I N G S .

Proceedings! of the Meetings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i, cxxix

Annual Re])ort . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix

Lists of Do aors to the Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv

List of Foreign Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxv

List of For(~ign Correspondents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxvi

List of Wollaston Medallists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxvii

Lis t of Murchison Medallists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxix

Awards of the Daniel-Pidgeon Fund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxx, cxxxii

Lis t of Lyel l MedalSsts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , xxxi

List of Pres twich Medallists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxii

Lis t of Bigsby Medallists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xx~-iii

Applications of the Barlow-Jameson Fund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxiii

Financial Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxiv

Award of the Medals and Proceeds of Funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xli

Anniversary Address of the President . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lii

Vi TABLE OF CONTENTS.

ABBOTT, GEORGE. On Band-and-Ball Structure in the Magnesian Limestone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

]~ATHER~ Dr. :FRANCIS ARTHUR. On ~the Mount-Torlesse Annelid ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ev~_~s, Dr. JOHN WILLIAM. On a Ne~v Method of Deter- mining the Optic Axial Angle of a Biaxial Mineral . . . .

JOHNSTON-LAvIS, Prof. H . J . On the Recent Erupt ion of Vesuvius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

WINWOOD, the Rev. HENRY HOYTE. On the Vuleanicity of Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

WRIGHT, Prof. GEORGE FREDERICK. 011 the Glaciation of the Lebanon District . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CXXXV

CXXXiV

~ CXXXlll

LIST OF THE FOSSILS DESCRIBED AND FIGURED

IN THIS VOLUME.

Name of Species. I Formation. Locality. i Page

MADREPORARIA APOROSA.

pl. xxix, figs. 4 & 4 a ......... ! Rush (Co. 317 �9 rushiana, sp. nov.,pl.xxix,i "Avonian .. . . . . . . . Dublin) ......

figs. $, 3a , & 3b .. . . . . . . . . . . I [316

~.ADREPORARIA RUGOSA.

Ample.vus el. earalloides ...... s p . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Amplexi-Za4~hrentis , subgen. nov., pl. xxix, fig. 7 .... . . . . .

Campophffllum caninoides, sp. nov., pl. xxxi, figs. 2 a & 2 b i

Campophyllid, pl. xxxi, fig. 3. Caninoid Cyathophylla, pt.

xxxi, fig. 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Carcinophyllum m. endipense,

sp. nov., pl. xxxi, fig. 4 ...... Clisiophyllum eurkeenense, sp.

nov., pl. xxx, figs. 2 & 2 a... Cyathophylloid Clisio-

phyllids, pl. xxxi, figs. 5 a & b b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

De~siphyllum sp., pl. xxix, fig. 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Jbithostrotion cyathophylloides, sp. nov., pl. xxx, figs. l, l a , & l b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

gaphrentis aft. cornucopi~e, I rout. G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

aft. Enniskilleni, pl. xxix, fig. 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

cf. Phillipsi, fig. 13 ..... /

Avonian ... . . . . . .

Mendip Hills . . . i j" 366 [366 f Rush (Co. t

Dublin) ...... 315 f

I i Mendip Ri l l s . . . ~

367-68

~. 369-70 J" Rush (Co. [ Dublin) ...... 320-21

Mendip Hil ls . . . 370-71

Dublin) ..... I / [ 319-20

Mendip Hil ls . . . 366-67

~Rush (Co. [ [ Dublin) ...... ~ 315 ~314

. ,~ Y l l l I~OSSIL8 DESCRIBED AND F I O U R E D .

:Name of Species. [ Fo rma t ion . r Locali ty. ],~ge

7~/[ADREPORARIA PERFORATA.

Syrinffopora of. ret iculata,!~ Avonian i f R u s h (Co. [ pl. xxix, fig. l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . j l . . . . . . . . . : Dubl in) . . . . . . [ 313

~]~RIZOBITA.

1)almanites Maecurd~a ( 0 , pl. xl~ fig. 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ]

�9 t )a i t~na (~.), pl. xl, figs. ~ 'I)evonian (?) ... 9 & 1 o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I

sp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J Lower Ordovi-

Ogygia sp., pl. xl, figs. 6 & 7... t eian (?) . . . . . . U p p e r L i u g u l a -

_Peltura sp., pl. xl, fig. 1 . . . . . . F l ags (?) . . . . . .

-Phacops cf. arbuteus, pl. x l , ) L r . Devonian (?) fig. 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Symphysurus Apolonista, sp. ] nov., pl. xl, figs. 2 & 3 . . . . . . t Arenig Beds (?).

Trinucleus boliviensis, sp. nov., pl. xl, figs. 4 & 5 . . . . . . . . . . .

Bolivia . . . . . . . . .

{ .i~.)

42:) 429

428

42~-27

428-29

427

427-28

A n t i n o m i a a~ujulata . . . . . . . . . . . .

augusta, pl. xli, fig. 7 ...

Catulli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cot, pl. xli, fig. 6 . . . . . . . . . dilatata, pl. xli, fig. 5 ... diphora, pl. xli, fig. 3 ..

- - equicampestris . . . . . . . . . . . pileus, pl. xli, fig. 8 . . . . . . p lanu la ta , pl. xli, fig. 1 .

- - Quenstedti, nora. nov . . . . - - s ima, pl. xli, fig. 2 . . . . . .

. tr iquetra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - cf. triquetra, pl. xli, fig. 9.

sp. a, pl. xli, fig. 4 . . . . . . - - sp. f3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

) A t h y r i s expansa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

- - el. expansa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

g labris tr ia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

- - cf. glabris tr ia . . . . . . . . . . . . (Actinoconch~s) cf. lamel-

losa, pl. xxxii, figs. 1 a & 1 b

- - - - planosulcata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

el. planosulcata . . . . . . . . . Camarophoria isorhynefia, pl.

xxxii, figs. 5 a - 5 c & text- fig.~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . )

BRACHIOPODA.

(.9) U p p e r Diphya-

Kalk . . . . . . . . .

(~)

Avonian . . . . . . . . .

(.9)

R u s h (Co. Dubl in) . . . . .

M e n d i p Hi l ls ... R u s h (Co.

Dubl in) . . . . . .

M e n d i p Hi l l s . . .

Rush ( C o .

Dubl in ) . . . . . .

M e n d i p Hi l l s . . .

{444

443 442 442 442 441

443 443

t 4t.3-44 442

L 443

312-13 374-75

312-13 374

374

315 (375

4 ~ 376-77

F O S S I L S D E S C R I B E D A N D F L O U R E D . i x

Name of Species. i Formation. I Locality. Pa~e I

B R A C H I O P O D A (continued).

Camarophoria aft. isorhyncha , (Tamaroteechia (?) aff.flexistria, i ! Chonetes aft. comoides .......... i I ]_,ept~na'ef. distorta . . . . . . . . . . . . Mar t i n ia y labra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I Orthothetes (Derbya) senilis,

var. anomala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . / Avonian Prod~wtus concinno-/~lartini. . . ( concinnus, mut. D2, pl. I

xxxii, figs. 3 a & 3 b ..... I cf. f imbrialus, pl. xxx, I 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *

- +, pl. xii, 2 . . . . . : : : t - - sp., pl. xxxii, fig. 4 ...... ) t)ygites diphyoides, pl. xli, fig.'

19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . } spp., pl. xli, figs. 18 &20-

22 .............................. (?) Pygope deltoidea, pl. xli, fig.

13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (?) diphy(, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ) Duvali , pl. xli, fig. 14 ... |

.... (?) euyaneengs, pl. xli, t Neocomian ..... fig. 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,

~ j a n i t o r , pl. xli, fig. 12 ... (?) misilmerensis . . . . . . . . : ~ (?)

- - (?) rectanyularis . . . . . . . . . Portlandian .. rupicola . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (?)

.... p-1. (?) solidescens, nora. nov., J /Upper Lias (?) xli, fig. 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (?) sub&ianyula ta . . . . . .

Ret icular ia cf. reticulata .. . . . ~chizophoria resupinata - - s p . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Syringothyris subconica, pl. xxx, fig. 7

fig. 23 ...........................

erbaensis, pl. xli, fig. 24

Euthymi , pl. xli, fig. 17

{ RuShlbli(n~~ .... Mendip Hills ..

( I Rush (Co. " Dublin) ...... i,

/~[endip Hil ls . . .

Rush (Co Dublin) ......

Mendip Hills . . . (

I (?)

I t ( Grasse ........

I (?) (

1 (?)

Tatra ............

Middle 5Teo- ! } (?) comlan

�9 Mendip Hil ls . . . /

Avonian ........ : ~Rush (Co. i

"~ Dublin .....

Middle Lias ... Cagli . . . . . . . . . . .

Upper Lias ...... (?) Diphyoides- ~ Berrias

Limestone ... J

318 313 373-74

[310 t 311-12

(,309 371

372

308 { 37o_~-73

373

449

t 449

445-46 446-47 {-~ 448

r445 448 448 445

447-48

448

375 309 309

t311 438-39

439 436

( ~ A S T E R O P O D A .

Lophospira bellicarinata, sp. ] I ( Shallock Mi l l . . . nov., pl. xliv, fig. 5, & text-[ ~ Middle Bala ""l J 565 fig. 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J [

bicincta, pl. xliv, fig. 2...] ~ ( (563-64 - - - - vat. seotica nov., pl. ! . . . . . J l

xliv, figs. 3 & 4, & text- ~ ,aanacno ...... t~ Balclatehie ...... J fig. 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ) 1~ I [ 564

FOSSILS DESCRIBED AND FLOURED.

Name of Species. 1 . . . .

Format ion . Locali ty. Page I

GASTEROPODA (contiaued).

Lophospira cyclonema, pl. xliv, ] Wenloek Lime-:, figs. 6 -9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I s tone . . . . . .

excavata, sp. nov., pl.i ' L landei lo . . . . . . xliii, fig. 6 & text-fig. 1 . . . . . . ferruginea, sp. nov., pl. ~

xliv, figs. 1 & 1 a . . . . . . . . . . . . ) - - g3trogonia, pl. xliii, figs. (

3-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , ~f instabilis, sp. nov., p l . [ U p p e r Bald

xliii, figs. 8 -10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i J �9 g D

- - pulchra, pl. xliv, figs. 10 [ [ Wenlock . . . . . . . . . I & l l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . /

�9 - - Sedgwickii, sp. nov., pl. Lower Llan- t xliii, figs. 11 & 12 . . . . . . . . . . . ~ dovery . . . . . . . . . /

,~bglobo~, sp ~o~., pl. i~ ~landeilo . . . . . . '/ xliv fig. 12, and text-fig. 4 . /

trispiralis, sp. nov., pl .[~ Bata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xliii, figs. 7 & 7 a . . . . . . . . . . . . I

i Omospira orientalis, sp. nov.,i pl. xliii, figs. 1, 2, & 2 a "-'1 U p p e r Bala . . . . . .

Tu/rritoma (?) tenuifilosa, sp . l [ Middle Llan- nov., pl. xliv, figs. 13 & ] dovery . . . . . . . . . 13 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dud ley , ete 565-67

~ M i n u n t i o n . . . . . . ~ 5 5 8 - 5 9

i [ Ardmi l l an Brae. I [ 562-63

Middle Bald ... Various . . . . . . . . . . 557-58

Thraive Glen ... 560-61

Leenane . . . . . . . . . 567-68

~ Mul lock Hi l l 562 �9 D

Craighead ... . . 569 i

Ayrsh i re . . . . . . . . . i 559-60

Thra ive Glen .. 553-54

W o o d l a n d , Po in t . . . . . . . . . 570-71

Dental ium a c u t ~ , sp. nov., pl. xiv, figs. 10 & 11 a - l l d.

angulagum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . elongatum, pl. xlv, fig.

17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - var. 9facile, pl. xlv,

figs. 18 & 19a -19 c

& 15 a-b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . g iganteum, pl. xlv, figs.

16 a -16 b, & text-fig. 1 . . . . . . - - hexagonale, sp. nov., pl.

xlv, figs. 1 a -1 c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . liassicum, pl. x/v, figs)

6 a - 6 c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l i ~ a t u l u m , text-fig. 2 ..

- - m in imum, pl. xlv, figs. 13 a - 1 3 c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

oblongum, sp. nov., pl.i xlv, figs. 3 a -3 d . . . . . . . . . . . .

parvu lum, sp. nov., pl. xiv, figs. 9 a - 9 c & 1 2 a - 12b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

subovatum, sp. nov., pl. xlv, fig. 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

S C A P H O P O D A .

i i i1 ' I ere . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ 7 4 ] Alder ton , ere . . . . ] 574-75

I Pl iensbachian ~ ( Che l t enham "'" I 575

I ( Camer ton , etc. ( 576

} H e t t a n g i a n St. Menge . . . . . 578-79

} Pl iensbachian . . . I H a w s k e r Cliff... 579.-81

S inemur ian - ] / Glouces te r . . . . . . 581 Pl iensbaehian. J

Pl iensbaehian ...! . . . . . . Camer ton 581-82

Zone of JBelem. ~ites acanthus...1 . . . . . . . . . Cloverly 582 )

He t t ang ian . . . . . . M a g e e . . . I s land 582-84

i( l( [ Go the r ing ton ...i 585

P l iensbachian . . . ~

i II n II J ~Be geworth, etc. ~585-87

' L o w e r L i a s ' . . . I Re, dear . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 587-88

FOSSILS DESCRIBED AND FLOURED. xi

Name of Species. ! Formation. I Locatity. t Page

SCAPIIOI'ODA (co~ztinued).

JOentalium subquad.rat, um, sp .. nov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i" ) Sinemurian ....

subtrigonale, sp. nov., p .[ .-~ xlv, figs. 2 a-2 d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t } Pliensbaehian.

TeTquemi, sp. nov . . . . . . . i Hettangian ...... - - t r i g o n a l e , pl. xlv, figs.

4 a 4 h & 5 a-5 d .. . . . . . . . . . . t Pliensbachian ...!

Honeybourne. . . ! 588-89

0heitenham ... 589

Aigiemont ....... 589-90

Camerton, etc. .I 590-94

M~/riaeanthus paradoxus, pl. i.l

CIIIM2EROIDEI.

Lower Lias ...... l ( BlaekVen,Lyme I Regis .... . . . . . I 1-4

AMPHIBIA (~))

Ich u ium acrodact ylum (?) figs.] I Permian Mansfield 1 a 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I J . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I

126-30

E X P L A N A T I O N OF T t t E PLATES.

PT.A~ PAGE

's .'~Ral)oxus, to i l lustrate Dr . A . } 1 I Smith W o o d w a r d ' s paper on that fossil . . . . . . . . .

I MAP ILLUSTRATING THE AREA AFFECTED BY THE~ J DONCASTER EARTIJQUAKZ OF APRIL "23RD, 1905, [.

11] to illustrate Dr. C. Davison's paper on that| 5 : l Ea r thquake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . )

I THE SGbRR OF EIGG; add ~IDEIN BOIDHEACH'] (ISLE OF Emo) , to i l lustrate Mr. A. H a r k e r ' s ~

I I I & I V paper on the Geological St ructure of the S g f i r r | 40 of Eigg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . j

I ]~ICROSCOPE-SECTIONS OF ROCKS FROM THE RIO

)~ADEIRA, etc., to illustrate Dr. J. W. Evans's{_ V pape r on the Rocks of the Cataracts of tha t a n d [ 88

other r ivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . )

(SEcTIoN ACROSS SALISBURY PLAIN AND THE ALDER- I BURY SYNCLINE ; and SECTION FROM NEAR BRAISH- ]

V I ~ FIELD THROUGH FARLEY DOWN to i l lustrate ~ 132 I Mr. A. J . Jukes-Browne ' s paper on the Clay-~

with-Fl ints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

MAP OF THE PIORA LAKES ; LAGO RITOM SEEN FEO~I~ THE WEST ; LAGO ToM VIEWED FROM THE ~ORTH- [ ]~']AST; THE OLD ~OOS VALLEY AND J.~AGO TOM, LOOKING SOUTH FROM THE WATERSHED ; THE VAL i PIORA AND LAGO CADAGNO~ SEEN FROM ABOVE I LAGO To~I; SPRING ISSUING FROM THE RAUCH- ] WACKE, BELOW ~L~AOO TOM, AND ~LJAGO SCUR0, I LOOKING NORTH FROM T/IE WATERSHED ; THE [ WESTERN :END OF LAGO I~IT0~, AND ~OLD IN

V I I - X X I THE DOLOMITe, SOUTH OF LAGO TREMORaIO ; THE ~ 165 :EXIT OF LAGO TREI~IORGIO~ SEEN FRObt THE SOUTH- WEST, and -~-JAGO LUCENDR0 SEEN FROM THE I SOUTH ; VIEW OF LAGO LUCENDROj SHOWING THE ] EXIT~ AND ~AGO DELLA SELLA~ SI~EN FROM THE J SOUTH-WEST; ~ONTOURED MAPS OF LAGO RITOM, I LAGO TOM, LAGO CADAGNO, LAGO SCURO, LAGO J TANEDA, and LAG0 DI LUCENDRO, to i l lustrate I Prof. E. J. Garwood 's paper on the Ta rns of the Canton Tieing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . /

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. o.~

XlU

PLATE PAGZ

[GEOLOGICAL MAP OV THE NEIGHBOURtIOOD OY~ J LUDLOW, to illustrate Miss G. L. Elles's a n d [

XXII | Miss I. L. Slater's paper on the highest Silurian{ 195 k Rocks of that district . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . j

(GBOLOGICAL MAP OF THE IGNEOUS AND ASSOCIATED t ROCKS OFTHE LLANGYNOG DISTRICT; and ~/~ICR0- I

X X I I I - X X V I ~ SCOV~.-SECTIONS OF THE IGNEOUS ROCKS, tO illus- ~ 223 ! trate Messrs. T. G. Cantrill's and H. H. Thomas's I

paper on that area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ]

I MICROSCOPE-SECTIONS OF TItE ~'RANITIC MARGIN j OF TtIE ]~UTTERMERE ~ACCOLITE; and ov THE

XXVII & X X V I I I | ENNERDALE GRANOPHYRE, to illustrate Mr, R. tL 253 k Rastall's paper on those rocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

f AVONIAN CORALS AND BRACHIOPODS FROM RUSH] " X ! (COUNTY DeRLI~), to illustrate Dr. A. Vaughan's [

XXIX & A_2k 1 ~otes on the Palmontology of the Carboniferous [ 295 k rocks of' that locality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . j

(AVONIAN CORALS AND ]~RACHIOI'ODS FROM TIIE~ I MENDIP ~REA ; SKETCII-MAP SHOWIN.G THE OUT- I

CROP OF TIIE ~ARBONIFEROUS LIMESTONE ; and XXXI-XXXV ~ RANGE-nL~GRA~IS 0V CORALS AND BRACHIOPODS IN ~ 324

THE MENDII" AREApaper(SOMEaSST), to illustrate Mr. T. F. Siblv's on the Avonian of that district ....... ~. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . )

(GEOLOGICAL MAP OF THE DUNEDIN DISTRICT (NEW) I ZEALAND) ; and MICROSCOPY. - SECTIONS OF [

XXXVI-XXXIX~ IGNEOUS ROCKS FROM THE DUS~DIN DISTRICT, } 381 t to illustrate Prof. P. Marshall's paper on the I

geology of that area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . j

XL { TRILORITES FRO~I BOLIVIA, to illustrate Mr. P ' t 425 Lake's paper on those tbssils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

[ DEVELOPMENT OF DIPItYOIDS, tO illustrate Mr. S. ] X L I ~ S. Buekman's paper on Brachiopod HoInceo-~ 433

! ~ morphy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " .......... j |

XLI I [

XLI I I & XLIV {

XLV {

XLVI {

SECTION NEAR WHITLEY (NORTHUMBERLAND), to illus-] trate Prof'. G. A. Lebour's and Dr. J. A. Smythe 's[ paper on a Case of Unconformity and Thrust in{ 530 ~he Coa -Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J

PROTEROZOIC SPECIES OV OMOSrI~A, JLOPHOSPI~, AND T~TR~ZrO.VH, to illustrate Mrs. G. B. Long- ~ 552 staff's paper on those fossils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . )

LIAssIc DENTALIID~, to illustrate Mr. L. Richard= ) son's paper on those fossils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ] 573

MAP OF TtIE ORDOVICIAN ROCKS OF WESTERN" CAERMARTHENSHIRE, to illustrate Mr. D. O . t 597 Evans's paper on those rocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

x i v EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PLATE PAGE ( CTEOLOGICAI~ SKETCIt-MAP OF THE TAR&NNON C0VNTRY ; ' and HORIZONTAL SECTION ALONG THE AFON IAEN [ I

AND GENERALIZED SECTION FROM ~)OLGADFAN TO XLVII & XLVII I ! TA~mRDDm acnoss NEWYDD FY.~YDDOG, to illus- I 644

m

I trate Mrs. O. A. Shakespear's paper on t h e | Tarannon Series of Tarannon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . /

[ HAZIMs FROM MALI~:KULA, SAN SANTO, J aND EFA~m, to illustrate Mr. F. Chapman's a n d (

X L I X - L I | My. D. M~wson's paper on the H a l i m e d a - f 702 t_ Limestones of the :New Hebrides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . )

COm~IaE~DU.~I.

Page 390, line 18 from top, iJisert a comma a.!'ter tlze word "stream."

PROCESS-BLOCKS AND OTHER ILLUSTRATIVE FIGUI~ES,

BESIDES THOSE IN THE PLATES.

FI~. PACE

1. [Diagrammatic section from Kirkstone Fell to tIowgill Fell] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lxix

2. [Diagrammatic plan of the central portion of the Lake District] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lxx

3 Diagrammatic section across Edenside, from the north of the Lake District to the Pennine range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lxxxvi

4. Geological sketch-map of the Lake District and the neigh- bouring region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. xci

5. Diagrammatic section from north of Shap Summit through Tebay to the Howgill Fells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xcviii

6. Map of the upper Duddon Valley and part of Eskdale . . . . . . . . . ex

7. Sketch-map of Borrowdale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cxiv

8. Section along the Seathwaite branch of Borrowdale, con--] tinned northward past the end of the ttonister Valley ] facing to the head of Derwentwater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ p.

I exviii 9. Section from near Dunmail Raise to Kentmere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . )

10. The hanging valley of Bleaberry Tam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cxxi

11. The hanging ~alley of Gillercombe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cxxii

1. Sketch-map of the south-western part of the Isle of Eigg ... . . . 44

2. Section through the south-western part of the Sghrr of Eigg, near the summit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

3. The Sgflrr of Eigg seen from the east-south-east, from near Galmisdale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

4. Bidein Boidheach, showing the sea-cliffin which the ridge of the Sgilrr terminates north-westward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

5. Section at the southern base of the pitchstone [Sgfirr of Eigg]. 57

xv i PROC~ESS-BLOCKS AND OTHER ILL~TSTRATIVE FI(~URES.

FIG. PAo~

6. Section along the base of the pitchstone-esearpment, at the same locality as fig. 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

1. Ironstone-gravel forming beneath the sour soil of the Uplands plateau, seen in a railway-cutting south of George Town ... 71

2. The Uplands plateau in the Zitzikamma, Humansdorp .. . . . . . . . 72

3. The De vlugt plateau, looking north from Paarde Kop, across the Valley of the Keurbooms River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

1. Sketch-map of the northern part of South America, showing the approximate directions of the chief lines of elevation or folding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

2. Sketch-map of the Cataracts of the Rio Madeira and the adjoining portions of the Bent and Mamor6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

3. Section of twin-crystal of allanite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

1. Photograph of [amphibian] footprints on a slab preserved in the :Nottingham Museum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

2. [Photographs of plaster casts made from similar footprints] ... 1.9.o8

Section from Froyle Down to l~ye Farm, near 0rondall ...... 154

Map of the St. Gerhard Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

1. Vert.ical section of the rock-succession at Ludford Lane (Whitcliffe Road) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

2. Vertical section of the succession near the footbridge, Sewage- Works, Ludlow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

3. Horizontal section in the Temeside Group, at the same locality. 206

4. Diagrammatic section across the Teme, at Downton-Casde Bridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

5. Section across the Teme at Forge Bridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210

6. Vertical section of the Downton-Oastle inlier at the same locality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212

7. Vertical section in the Temeside Group at Tin-Mill Race ...... 2i3

8. Geological map of the neighbourhood of Onibury . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

9. Vertical section in the Downton-Castle Sandslones at Onibury Quarry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

]0. Vertical section in the Temeside Shales in Norton Lane .. . . . . . . . 216

1. Section across Coomb Dingle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232

2. Section across Castell Cogan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

3. Geological map of the country around C~pel Bethesda ... . . . . . . 236

PROCESS-BLOCKS AND 0TIIER ILLUSTRATIVE FIGURES. xvii

FI(~. I'AG~

4. Section across Peu-y-Moelf're . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238

5. Generalized section acl'oss the Llangynog District . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246

1. Geological map of the district ar(JtuJd ~Ennerdale Water, ~Bu~termere, and Wastwater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254

2. Sketch-map of the igneous complex of Burtness Combe, :Buttermm'e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262

1. Vertical section of the Carboniferous rocks at I~ush .. . . . . . . . 276-74

2. Map of the same . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280

3. Upper Rush Slates, on the shore south of Rush Harbour, looking eastward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282

4. Plan of a limestone-band in the Rush Slates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287

5. Horizontal section through the Rush Sla~es to the Carlyan Limestones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286

6. Sketch-map showing the faulting of the Rush Conglomerates at Rush Harbour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287

7. [Photograph showing the size of the inclusions in the coarser bands of those conglomerates] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287

8. Horizontal section through Kate Rocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290

9. Cyatha.vo~ia-Beds at the bathing-place, north of Rush Bay ... 291

10. C~/athaxonia-Limestones on the coast, at Giant's Hill looking eastward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291

11. Parallel sections through the O~/afhaxonia-]3eds, between the bathing-place:' north of' Rush, and Brook's End . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292

12. Scheme of the lines of variation exhibited by the semireticulate and scabriculate Producti in the l~ush sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306

13. Cross-section of Zaphren/is cf. Phillipsi, variant towards Z. t~owerbanki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314

1. Geological sketch-map of the neighbourhood of Ebbor Rocks . 361

2. Pedicle-valve of CamaroThoria isorhz/~wha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376

1. Section acros~ the Leith Valley [N.Z.], frbm See ~[ouse to i.he Reservoir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417

2. Section at North Otago Head . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418

3. Section across the Dunedin volcanic district . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420

1. Time-curves of first and second phases of preliminary earth- tremors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462

2. [Supposititious course of wave-paths through the earth] ...... 468

VOL. LXII. b

xviii PROCESS--BLOCKS AND OTHER ILLUSTRATIVE FIGURES.

FI~. Pxa~

3. [Real course of wave-paths through the earth] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469

1. Map illustrating the generalresults of the eruption of Vesuvius in April, 1906 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478

2. I)ust-clouds seen at noonday, April 10th, from Santa Lucia ... 480

3. I)ust-clouds seen from near]y the santo point of view as fig. 2, on the same day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482

1. Pinner's-Cross Pit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493

2. Section in the cliff north of the bathing-place, Sassnita (Riigen). 495

1. Sketch-map of the counh'y between Boxford and Winterbourne in Berkshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500

2. Section on the south side of pit a, about a quarter of a mile north-west of Winterbourne Church . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502

3. Section along the line I - I on the sketch-map (fig. 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . 510

4. Section along the line I I - l I on the same map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510

1. Plan showing line of section over a portion of the Cannock- Chase Coalfield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524

2. [Vertical section, showing the position of the Lower Car- bonit'erous rocks at 2%. 1 Fair Oak Shaft] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527

1, Sketch-map [of coast near Whitley, ~lorthumberland] . . . . . . . . . 532

2. Section B at that locality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533

3. Photograph showing the fault in the Lower Series stopping short at the base of the Table-Rocks.Sandstone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534

4. Section 1) to E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535

5. Photograph illustrating the foregoing figure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535

6. Section F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536

7. Photograph illustrating the foregoing figure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536

8. Section G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538

9. Photograph showing the discordance of dip between the Upper and the Lower Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538

i0. Photograph showing the ridge on the foreshore at J . . . . . . . . . . . . 539

11. Sketch-plan showing the outcrop of the Mussel-Band in the bay near L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540

12. Photograph illustrating a portion of P1. XLII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540

13. Diagram exhibiting the relationship in composition between the weathered and the unweathered rocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545

PROCESS-BLOCKS AND OTHER ILLUSTR_kTIVE FIGURES. XlX

Fro. PAGm 14. Photograph showing the lowest bed of the Table-Rocks Sand-

stone curled up and abutting against the ~[ussel-Band . . . . . . 547

15. [Diagram il lustrating the production of the ' s tony ridges '] ... 548

16. Photograph showing the direction of the thrus t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549

17. General Section from A to N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549

1. La#hospira cxcava:a, sp. nov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559

2. Lophospira bici~wta, var. scotica nov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564

3. Lophospira bellicarinata, sp. nov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565

4. yLaphos~vira subglobosa, sp. nov . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569

1. I)e~talium g~ante~t~, Phil l ips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5"80

2, Sketch of transverse section of the anterior end of be~ttali'~t~,t limalulum, Tate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582

1. Semi-diagrammatic section f rom nor th to south, near Caerlleon. 600

2. Semi-diagrammatic section f rom nor th to south, near GlSg-y- fr'~n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600

3, Section from nor th to south, near Forest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614

4. Section from nor th to south, near l~ant-yr-eglwys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622

5. Section f rom nor th to south, near Llanboidy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622

6. Section east of L landdowror . . . . . . . . . . ,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628

7. Section west of Llanddowror . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628

1. Section along the Ta rannon River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654

2. Section in the railway-cutting due nor th of Llawr-y-coed .. . . . 672

3. Section along thc Gelli-dywyll stream . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 676

4. Section along the Gell[ stream . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 678

5. Sketch-plan of the Dolgadfan locality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 680

6. Sketch-plan of the Pennant area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 686

7. Longitudinal section across the Tarannon district . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 688

8. Generalized vertical section of the strata in the Tarannon district . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 690

x x PROCESS-BLOCKS AND OTHER ILLUSTRATIYE FIGURES.

FIG. ]~AGE

1. ]ExPeriment commenced oi1 Apri l 3rd, and concluded on June 12th, 1895 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 718

2. Exper iment commenced oll March 24th and concluded on June 7th, 1895 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 718

FOLDING TABLES.

I. The Bri t ish distribution of the graptoli tes in the Tarannon district, facing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 692

I I . Comparative table of the graptoli tes of the Tarannon district, showing their geological range and distr ibution, facing . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . 692

I I I . Correlation of the Ta rannon rocks, facing . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 692