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OUTLINE 2 II. Cell Differentiation A. What do we know? B. The developmental landscape model C. Two hypotheses for how cells become differentiated 1. Nuclear alteration 2. Nuclear differentiation Experimental evidence 1. Seward totipotency in carrots - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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OUTLINE 2
II. Cell Differentiation
A. What do we know?
B. The developmental landscape model
C. Two hypotheses for how cells become differentiated
1. Nuclear alteration2. Nuclear differentiation
D. Experimental evidence
1. Seward totipotency in carrots2. Gurdon - nuclear transplantation in toads
Your TAs
Eric Raab: [email protected] Stevens: [email protected]
You
Class Major CareerFr: 9 Bio: 128 Medicine: 95So: 147 Ex. Phys: 56 Allied Health: 48Jr: 57Biochem: 16 Research: 21Sr: 27 Chem: 10 Vet med: 12
Psych: 9 Other: 6Undecided: 58
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Outline of Lecture 1
I. THE CENTRAL DOGMAA. DNA structureB. DNA ReplicationC. Chromosomes
1. Prokaryotic2. Eukaryotic
D. RNA Structure
E. Transcription1. Summary2. Prokaryotes3. Eukaryotes
F. Translation1. The genetic code2. Summary of translation
The Genetic Code
Fig. 17.4
Codon - 3 base sequencethat codes for one amino acid or is a signal.
Transfer RNA (tRNA)Fig. 17.13
Translation of mRNAinto protein
Fig. 17.12
Fig. 17.25
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Muscle
Nerve Blood
Intestinal
EGG
OUTLINE 2
II. Cell Differentiation
A. What do we know?
B. The developmental landscape model
C. Two hypotheses for how cells become differentiated
1. Nuclear alteration2. Nuclear differentiation
D. Experimental evidence
1. Seward’s totipotent carrots2. Gurdon - nuclear transplantation in toads
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Waddington’s Developmental Landscape
brain skinmuscle lung
Undifferentiatedcell
Nuclear Alteration
Nuclear Differentiation
Which One?
Fig. 21.5 Seward’s carrot experiment
Fig. 21.6Nuclear transplantation
Fig. 21.8
Dolly and “mom”
Stem cell research
Noah - an endangered guar
Issues related to totipotency
OUTLINE 3
III. Control of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes
A. Regulatory proteins
B. The operon model
C. Examples
1. the lac operon (substrate induction)2. the tryp operon (end product repression)3. the lac operon (positive control)
