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8/3/2019 Outline Of Greek History
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/outline-of-greek-history 1/32
Outline Of Greek History
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Prehistory
Mycenaean Greece (c.
1600 BC – c. 1100 BC) is
a cultural period of
Bronze Age, taking its
name from thearchaeological site of
Mycenae in the southern
Greece, which was one of
the major centers of Greek civilization, a
military stronghold ,the
head of the Greek world.
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Prehistory
The last phase of the
Bronze Age in Ancient
Greece is the historical
setting of much ancientGreek literature and
myth, including the
epics of Homer.
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Ancient Greece
Ancient Greece is thecivilization belonging to theperiod of Greek history lastingfrom the Archaic period of the8th to 6th centuries BC up to
the end of antiquity andbeginning of the Early MiddleAges. At the center of this timeperiod is Classical Greece,which flourished during the 5thto 4th centuries BC, at first
under the Athenian leadershipsuccessfully repelling themilitary threat of Persianinvasion.
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Ancient Greece
The Athenian Golden Age
ends with the defeat of
Athens at the hands of Sparta
in the Peloponnesian War in
404 BC. Following the
conquests of Alexander theGreat, Hellenistic civilization
flourished from Central Asia
to the western end of the
Mediterranean Sea.
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Classical Greek culture had a powerful influence on the
Roman Empire, which carried a version of it to many parts
of the Mediterranean region and Europe .Classical Greece
is generally considered to be the seminal culture which
provided the foundation of Western civilization
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Roman Greece
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Roman Greece is the period of Greek history ,following the
Roman victory over the Corinthians at the Battle of Corinth
in 146 BC until the reestablishment of the city of Byzantium
and the naming of the city Constantinople by the Emperor Constantine as the capital of the Roman Empire in 330 AD.
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Greece was the key eastern province of the Roman Empire, as the
Roman culture had long been in fact Greco-Roman. The Greek
language served as a lingua franca in the East and in Italy, and many
Greek intellectuals would perform most of their work in Rome.Several
emperors contributed new buildings to Greek cities, especially in theAthenian agora
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The epics of Homer inspired the Aeneid of Virgil, and
authors wrote using Greek style. Most Roman emperors
tended to be philhellenic.
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At the same time Greece and much of the rest of the Roman east came
under the influence of Early Christianity. The apostle Paul of Tarsus
had preached in Corinth and Athens, and Greece soon became one of
the most highly Christianized areas of the empire. During the Byzantine
period many standards were set for the Orthodox Church
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Byzantium
Greece remained part of the eastern half of theEmpire, and eventuallybecame the center of the
remaining RomanEmpire, the ByzantineEmpire. Between the 4thand 7th centuries AD,Greece may have been
one of the mosteconomically activeregions in the easternMediterranean.
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For one thousand years the Byzantine
Empire was one of the most powerful
military, economic and cultural forces
throughout Europe,meeting its downfall in
1204 when Constantinople was seized by
the Crusaders from the west and thespoils divided up amongst the victors.
Parts of Greece were given away to
western leaders while strategic coastalareas were taken over by the trading
Venetians.
The restoration of the Byzantine Empirewas attempted in 1262 only to be
dismantled again by the Turks culminatingin its complete destruction in 1453. Thisperiod in Greek history saw its absorptioninto the Ottoman Empire, beginning with
the capture of Constantinople in 1453.
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Ottoman
The Ottoman empirewent on to flourish inGreece for four hundredyears and it was notuntil the Greek War of Independence (1821-1829) that it was finally
ousted.
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Independence
Greece was the first
country to secure its
independence from the
Turkish occupation. After
a long and bloodyconflict, in 1830 an
independent Greek
kingdom was formed
which was finally ratifiedby the Treaty of
Constantinople in July
1832.
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This kingdom however
did not cover all of
modern day Greece. The
struggle for liberation of
all the regions of Greekspeaking people
continued right up to the
end of the Second World
War.
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World War II
Despite the country'snumerically small and ill-equipped armed forces,Greece made a decisive
contribution to the Alliedefforts in World War II. At thestart of the war Greece sidedwith the Allies and refused togive in to Italian demands.
Italy invaded Greece by wayof Albania on 28 October 1940, but Greek troopsrepelled the invaders after abitter struggle.
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To secure his strategic southern flank, Germandictator Adolf Hitler reluctantly stepped in and
launched the Battle of Crete. It is argued that if
the German invasion of the Soviet Union had
started on 20 May 1941 instead of 22 June1941, the Nazi assault against the Soviet Union
might have succeeded. The heavy losses of
German paratroopers led the Germans to launch
no further large-scale air-invasions.
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Resistance
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During these years,thousands of Greeks died in direct
combat, in concentration camps, or of starvation. The
occupiers murdered the greater part of the Jewish
community despite efforts by the Greek Orthodox Church
and many other Christian Greeks to shelter the Jews. The
economy of Greece was devastated. The German
occupation of Greece ended in October 1944.
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In the 1950s and 1960s, Greece
developed rapidly.
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Dictatorship
In 1967 the Greek military overthrew the government
while the military officers(such as Papadopoulos or
Patakos) put themselves violently in charge of the
country for 7 years. From 1967 until 1974 the Greeks
were forbidden to meet after 9.00 pm,to listen to theradio, to walk in the street without a partner, to go
against the military junta as it was called, through any
ways because that would mean their imprisonment or
death and were forced not to speak about social andpolitical changes as they would certainly be imprisoned
to say the least.
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The dictatorship came to an end when the students of the
Polytechnic School revolted and among them the whole
country upraised, though unfortunately a lot of young
people were murdered during the military attacks.
O 23 J l 1974 th G k ilit j t ll d fO 23 J l 1974 th G k ilit j t ll d f
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On 23 July 1974 the Greek military junta collapsed for one
more reason : the events in Cyprus.The Turks invaded
Cyprus and since then the island has been devided and the
demographic structure of Cyprus has changed illegally with
violation of human rights
On 23 July 1974 the Greek military junta collapsed for one
more reason : the events in Cyprus.The Turks invaded
Cyprus and since then the island has been devided and the
demographic structure of Cyprus has changed illegally with
violation of human rights
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Since 1975, Greece has been a
“presidential parliamentary republic”.
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Modern Greece
On 1 January
1981, Greece
became the 10th
member of theEuropean
Community (now
the EuropeanUnion).
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The Athens Olympics of 2004 was one of the best
Olympics ever made,as the Games returned to Greece,
their birthplace .
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While our eurozone peers had expressed their concern
about the state of the Greek economy for years, it wasn't
until the global financial crisis hit that the depth of the
problem was revealed.
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After 15 consecutive years of economic growth, Greece
entered recession in 2009. Greece's economy has been in
a mostly downward spiral since the country joined the euroin 2001
G k t h d t it
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Greek government has passed severe austerity measures
in order to get out of the crisis and thousands of Greek
"Indignants" have protested outside parliament for more
than 30 days
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Although there is the fear of our country’s bankrupcy ,we
strongly believe that “Greece will finally reborn from its
ashes” and go ahead .
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Created by : Panagiotis GaravelasKostas Makris
Music by : Nikos Skalkottas