Outline of Numbering in Japan · Tokyo-3, Osaka-6 (from January 1,1999) 0 ×××× Trunk prefix Area code Local exchange number Examples of area codes “0” and “1” cannot be

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April 2010SATO KenjiJICA Expert

Outline of Numbering in Outline of Numbering in JapanJapan

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ContentsContents

1. Outline of Current Situation and Basic Policy of Numbering

2. MNP (Mobile Number Portability)

3. Numbering Issues for NGN Era - FMC (Fixed Mobile Convergence)- ENUM

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1.Outline of Current Situation and Basic Policy of Numbering

4

Telecommunications Number History in Japan

Until 1985 NTT (Public company) managed all telecommunications numbers

1985

Liberalization of telecommunication sectorPrivatization of NTT

New companies started telecommunications business.

Necessity for Making telecommunications business rules.

Telecommunications Numbers were defined on regulation for telecommunications facilities (1985)

Big Bang of Telecommunications business.

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- Service identification (Fixed? Mobile?)

- Location identification(Near? Far?)

- Tariff identification(If far, charge is high)

- Quality identification(If fixed, better than mobile)

- Social trust identification

The Function of Number

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Regulations for Telecommunication Numbers

Telecommunication Business LawArticle 50 (Standards for Telecommunications Numbers) (1) When any telecommunications carrier provides telecommunications services by using

telecommunications numbers (numbers, signs or other codes that telecommunications carriers use in providing their telecommunications services, for identifying telecommunications facilities in order to connect places of transmission with places of reception, or identifying types or content of telecommunications services to provide; hereinafter the same shall apply), it shall ensure that its telecommunications numbers conform to the standards specified by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications.

(2) The standards set forth in the preceding paragraph shall be specified so as to ensure the following matters:

(i) The telecommunications numbers shall make it possible for telecommunications carriers and users to clearly and easily identify telecommunications facilities or types or content of the telecommunications services.

(ii) Sufficient telecommunications numbers necessary for providing telecommunications services shall be secured.

(iii) Changes to the telecommunications numbers shall be avoided as much as possible. (iv) The telecommunications numbers shall be used in a fair and efficient manner.

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Person who intends to launch a telecommunications businessPerson who intends to launch a telecommunications business

DesignationDesignation

Cases where contents of designation to be changed without new designation

Cases requiring additional designation

Examination

Revocation of numbers

Application for designation of telecommunications number (Article 15)

･ Reasons for requiring telecommunications numbers･ Number of telecommunications numbers required and reason･ Plans pertaining to the number of telecommunications numbers required･ Methods to manage telecommunications numbers･ Network diagrams･ Matters confirming requirements stipulated in Table 2

etc

Application for designation of telecommunications number (Article 15)

･ Reasons for requiring telecommunications numbers･ Number of telecommunications numbers required and reason･ Plans pertaining to the number of telecommunications numbers required･ Methods to manage telecommunications numbers･ Network diagrams･ Matters confirming requirements stipulated in Table 2

etc

Submission of Application

again

Notification of changes

Procedures for Designation of Telecommunication Numbers

Report to Minister about situation of using numbers (every year)

Application

No items to be rejected

Cases where numbers are not used any longer

MIC

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Telephone Numbering Plan in Japan

1st digit

2nd digit

3rd digit

4th digit

5th digit

6th digit

7th digit

8th digit

9th digit

10th digit

11th digit

Carrier Identification Codes ００ X Y

００２ Y Z

００９１ N1 N2 Pager (Calling party Pay:CPP) ０２０ C D E F G H J K IP Phone ０５０ C D E F G H J K FMC ０６０ C D E F G H J K PHS ０７０ C D E F G H J K Mobile phone ０８０ C D E F G H J K ０９０ C D E F G H J K Freephone Service (Toll Free) ０

０

１８

２０

００

D D

E E

F F

G G

H H

J J

K

Message Dial Service ０１７０ D E F G H J Mass calling service ０１８０ D E F G H J Shared Cost Number Service ０５７０ D E F G H J Premimum Rate Service ０９９０ D E F G H J Fixed phone, ISDN, IP phone, Pager(not CPP)

０ A B C D E F G H J

Emergency (Police)

Emergency(coast guard)

Emergency(Fire,Ambulance)

１１１

１１１

０８９

(In the above table, the bold type numbers are defined in the Ministrerial Ordinance “The Regulation on Telecommunications Numbering” and it’s Notification, and the numbers masked with gray color are the parts assigned to the carriers by the Minister.)

Subscriber NumberArea Code(1-5 digits) + Local Exchange Number(0-4 digits)

Ex. Telephone number of MIC: 03-5253-5111

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< New Common Carrier (NCC) >00XY - 0 - area code - local exchange number – subscriber number

< NTT >

0 - area code - local exchange number - subscriber number

[In case of long-distance call]

[In case of international call]00XY - 010 - CC - national number

Carrier Identification Codes (Since 1985)

Long-distance company network

Connection process when you dial a carrier ID number (00XY)

.

Connection process when you do not dial a carrier ID number.

.NTT network

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Numbering Plan for Fixed Phone

Telephone number for fixed services

Hokkaido-13379, Seiwa-mura, Taki-gun, etc.

△△△△△

Yubari-1235, Ishigaki-9808, etc.

×△△△△

Hachioji-426, Kure-823, Miyazaki-985, etc.

××△△△

Yokohama-45, Kawasaki-44, Kyoto-75, Kobe-78, etc.

×××△△

Tokyo-3, Osaka-6 (from January 1,1999)

××××△0

Examples of area codesLocal exchange numberArea codeTrunk prefix

“0” and “1” cannot be used as the first digit of an area code.

Trunk prefix:[0]

Total: 5 digits (4 digits in some areas)

Subscriber number:4 digits

Local exchange number:

0 to4 digits

Area code:1 to5 digits

Ex. MIC(Tokyo): 03-5253-5111

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11: Sapporo3: Tokyo

44: Kawasaki45: Yokohama52: Nagoya

6: Osaka75: Kyoto78: Kobe

Boundaries of the second-digit in the area code

Sapporo

Tokyo

Kawasaki

Yokohama

Nagoya

Osaka

KyotoKobe

Abstract of Nationwide Map of Telephone Numbers

Boundaries of the first-digit in the area code

We have about 600 area codes.

Ex. MIC(Tokyo): +81-3-5253-5111

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Transition in designated telecom numbers in Japan

29.5%32.4%32.1%

48.8%51.9.%52.5%

31.9%35.4%31.2%

74.1%73.7%73.6%

414243

272829

21214

131312

Status of service of telecom numbers at the end of Mar. 2007 are as follows.*The total telecom carrier offering to subscribers.

Mobile phone use is increasing.Red indicates in service ratio of designated numbers

Blue indicates number of telecom carriers

Source: MIC Japan

Mar. 2007

Mar. 2006

Mar. 2005

Fixed phone

IP phone

PHS

mobile

Unit:1000 numbers

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Example of the Change Numbers

Mobile phone Numbers 10 to 11 digits (January 1, 1999)Mobile phone Numbers 10 to 11 digits (January 1, 1999)

000000

△ 0 1 02 03 04 08 0

□ □

□ □

□ □

□ □

□ □

□ □

×××××

×××××

×××××

×××××

×××××

×××××

000000

9 09 09 09 09 09 0

△

1 2 3 4 8

×××××

×××××

×××××

×××××

×××××

×××××

□ □

□ □

□ □

□ □

□ □

□ □

△

11 digits10 digits

Ex. 080-12-34567 090-812-34567

Before After

01/Jan/199103 - □□□ - ××××(9digits)

03 – △□□□ - ××××(10 digits)

Fixed Fixed phone Numbers in Tokyo 9 to 10 digitsphone Numbers in Tokyo 9 to 10 digits

01/Jan/1999

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MNP (Mobile Number Portability)

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携帯電話の番号ポータビリティの導入

Mobile Number PortabilityThe system allows mobile telephone users to change their carriers without changing their telephone numbers.

Improve user benefit Promote competition among mobile phone carriers

○Amendment of Rules for Telecommunication Numbers (Feb. 2006)All mobile carriers were required to implement number portability by Nov. 1, 2006.

○All mobile carriers launched the operation of number portability from Oct. 24, 2006.

Ａ社Ａ社

携帯電話事業者の変更

同じ電話番号を継続して利用可能

090－1234ー5678（例）

Ｂ社Ｂ社

○Appox. 8.89 million users have taken advantage of mobile number portability system.○Introduction of number portability not only increased the benefit of users who use it, but also

the benefit of all mobile phone users by promoting the competition among mobile carriers to release new terminals and to renew price plans, etc.

BackgroundBackground

Effects of IntroductionEffects of Introduction

*Feb. 2008 Measures were taken so that MVNO users would also be ensured of number portability (Amendment of Rules for Telecommunication Numbers)

Outline of Mobile Number Portability in Japan

Changing mobile phone carrier

Carrier A Carrier B

(Ex.)

The same number can be used

ongoingly

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Outline of Ministerial Ordinance(Rules for Telecommunications Numbers)

① All mobile telephone carriers have to make it possible that users will change their service providers from one MNO（Mobile Network Operator） to another MNO with the same telephone number .

② All mobile telephone carriers have to make it possible that user will change their service providers from MNO to MVNO（Mobile Virtual Network Operator ） or from MVNO to MNO with the same telephone number .

③ All mobile telephone carriers have to make it possible that user will change their service providers from one MVNO to another MVNO with the same telephone number .

Outline of the Rules

The Ministerial Ordinance require that all mobile phone carriers ※ using the mobile phone numbers(080 or 090) have to take action as follows in order to implement the number portability certainly . (issued in February 2006)

①

ＭＶＮＯ with MNO A

③ＭＶＮＯ with

MNO AＭＶＮＯ with

MNO B

② ② ②

③

※ except for ship satellite telephone ,satellite telephone ,and telephone for data communication service

Mobile Network Operator A

Mobile Network Operator B

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The user ‘s willingness to use the mobile number portability( according to the research before introduction of MNP)

Ans. I will continue to use the same telephone number, even if pay a usage fee.

31.9%

Ans. It depends on the usage fee which to use it or not .

43.1%

Ans. If necessary to pay the usage fee, I accept the change of telephone number. .

25.1%

（Source: The research of MIC in Japan）

Question3： Do you have the willingness to use the number portability if you must pay the usage fee?

Ans. I have no idea that I will change the carrier

20.8%

Ans. I want to change the carrier

14.6%

Ans. Probably, I think not to change the carrier.

22.4%

Ans. I have no opinion

19.8%

Ans. I think whether to change the carrier

22.4%

Ans. I want to use it actively.

3.6%6.1%

Ans. I have no opinion

19.1%

Ans. I don’t want to use it actively.

18.4%

Question１：Do you want to use the mobile number portability?

Question2：Do you have the willingness to use the number portability if you must pay a usage fee?

There are requests for the mobile number portability.（About 37～57% people have the willingness to use the number portability.）

However, if the necessity to pay the usage fee of number portability, the willingness to use it becomes low and depends on the level of fee.

The result of each researches show that there are about 30% people with the willingness to use the mobile number portability, even though there are difference between them. 2

only people to answer “I want to change the carrier” or “I think

whether to change the carrier” or “I have no opinion” in Question1

9.7%Ans. I have no idea that I will use it

Ans. I want to use it as possible

（Source: The research of mobile telephone carriers in Japan）

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The Usage Fee of Mobile Number Portability

Mobile Phone Carriers Fee for a port-out Fee for a port-in

NTT DoCoMo\2,100 (tax incl.)

(approx.Rp.200.000)

Free(However, required new contract processing fee of \3,150 (tax incl.))

au (KDDI) \2,100 (tax incl.)Free(However, required new contract processing fee of \2,835 (tax incl.))

Softbank \2,100 (tax incl.)Free(However, required new contract processing fee of \2,835 (tax incl.))

e-mobile \2,100 (tax incl.)Free(However, required new contract processing fee of \2,835 (tax incl.))

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20

47

38

31

25

37

26

2022

26 26

2321

17

21

18 18

36

19

1615

1817

15

12 12

1615 15

29

1514

15

1820

23

2021

24

27

20

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

0

10

20

30

40

50

Tota

lx1

0000

per M

onth

x 100

00

per Month

Total

Trends in the number of Users of Mobile Number Portability

The number of users of MNP is about 8.89 million as of the end of Feb. 2010.This accounts for about 8.0% of all mobile subscribers in Japan(111.515 million).

MIC Japan

About 3.4%1 years after

the start


the start


the start


the start

About 7.1%.3 years after

the start

About 7.1%.3 years after

the start

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基本料金は低下携帯電話の番号ポータビリティの導入sTransition of Basic Monthly Charge for Mobile Phone Carriers

Unit: yen

Price in ( ) is of no-charge call NTT DoCoMo Softbank Mobile

June 1999 Nov. 2005 Oct. 2006 Sep. 2007 ((1))

Sep. 2007 ((2))

Jul. 2008

Started the Mobile Number Portability

* Rates are of basic plans of respective carriers

NTT DoCoMo June 1999: Plan A Nov. 2005, Oct. 2006: Type SSep. 2007: Rates apply Type S for ((1)), and Type SS “Hitori demo wari 50“ for ((2)).

au June 1999, Nov. 2005, Oct. 2006: “Komikomi One Economy Plan for CDMA 1XSep. 2007: Rate for ((1)) apply the most discounted rate of “Komikomi One Economy ‘MY-Wari’” for CDMA 1XRate for ((2)) apply Rate Type SS with Plan SS “Daredemo wari”.

Softbank Mobile Oct. 2006: Campaign rate (9,800 yen → 2,880 yen) of “Gold Plan” until Jan.15, 2007Sep. 2007: “White Plan” (After Jan. 16, 2009)

Source: Quoted from reference materials in Final Report (Mobile Business Kenkyukai, Sep. 2007)

(approx.Rp.500.000)

21Source: The web questionnaire survey in ”Evaluation of the Competition State in the Telecommunication Field 2006 “(July 2007)

The Reasons that Users have not changed Mobile Phone Carriers with Number Portability （ according to the research after introduction of MNP)

My family, boy (girl) friend, friends use the present mobile phone company.

Long-time use discount is lost.

Troublesome procedure

Present attractive charge plan, etc. about making calls.

A commission needed when switching to another company.

The current services, contents, applications, and email addresses cannot be used on another phone.

Wide calling area

A penalty needed for canceling the long-term use discount

The present company provides attractive mobile terminals.

Present attractive charge plan about use of Websites.

Present attractive contents.

Others

(three answers allowed)

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Procedures for Usage / Remained Problems

①Make reservation request for mobile number portability to carrier from which user is moving.

②Carrier from which user is moving explains beforehand the conditions, etc. of breaking the contract and explains procedures for numberportability; issues “reservation number”.

③User takes “reservation number” to dealer for carrier to which they are moving and applies for a new contract through number portability.

④After the new carrier verifies the reservation number with the old carrier, the old contract is ended.

⑤The new carrier processes the new contract and the user receives their new mobile phone.

○A user’s current e-mail address is not portable.○The services (fee plan, discount services, etc.) provided by the current contract’s mobile telephone carrier will end at the same time

that the contract is annulled.○There are cases where contents, e-money, etc. provided by the contents service provider cannot be transferred. ○There are cases where an additional fee is charged when an annual contract, etc. that includes a discount service is annulled. ○It is necessary to obtain a mobile phone from the new mobile telephone carrier after the user’s contract has been changed over.

Remained Problems

Procedures for Usage

Carrier from which user is moving (current contracted carrier) ④Contract with carrier

from which user is movingis annulled after reservationnumber, etc. is checked

Carrier to which user is moving

(new contract carrier)

Dealer Call center

Website Dealer

②Explanationprior to annullingcontract;explanation ofprocedures;receipt of reservationnumber

③Reservationnumber used to apply for a new contract that allows number to be carried over

Procedures carried out by users themselves

Procedures carried out through connection between companies

⑤New carrier processes new contract and userreceives new mobile phone

User

①Reservationapplication ① ② ③ ⑤

④

If the procedures (for the reservation request for mobile number portability) are done in advance by phone or through the Internet, the user need only go to the dealer for the new carrier and fill out the forms needed for starting a new contract, etc.The time to proceed for a contract with number portability at the new carrier is about the same as for filling out the forms to start a new contract.

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Numbering Issues for NGN Era

- FMC (Fixed Mobile Convergence)- ENUM

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Identifying issues concerning the “impact of NGN on numbering plans”

Prospective target issues concerning “numbering of NGN era”(1)

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Variety of terminals For example, M2M communication, in which the target for identification is extended from human users to machines)

Diverse type of applicationsThey will be provided through open interfaces such as ANI and SVI.

Identification information differing from E.164 numbersthere are chances that might be developed.


Issue1. Accommodating new trend caused by NGN

Point of views at this stage;

Basically E.164 will be kept using (at this stage).It should be systematized in order to accommodate the issues above.

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As tariff identification, which places its basis on the distinction of numbering range (ex: fixed telephone number, mobile number, or IP phone number), is bound to become rather pointless.the meaning of service identification will need to be re-examined.

Issue2. Meaning of service identification

The Function of Number- Service identification- Location identification- Tariff identification- Quality identification- Social trust identification

How should these role should be considered in NGN Era?


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Users’ Demand to Phone Number in Japan

Necessary

57.6%Probablynecessary

30.9%

Probablyunnecessary2.5%

Unnecessary2.4%

No opinion6.6%

Is it necessary to see the type of services (i.e. mobile or fixed) from numbers?

Necessary

65.4%

Probablynecessary

26.1%

Probablyunnecessary

0.9%

Unnecessary3.2%

No opinion4.5%

Is it necessary to be able to guessthe distance from numbers?

Yes

57.6%

Probablyyes

36.9%

Probably no3.0%

No

7.8%

No opinion

20.8%

Do you trust users of fixed phonebecause you can identify their locat

Necessary

36.9%

Probablynecessary

40.3%

Probablyunnecessary5.5%

Unnecessary5.5%

No opinion11.8%

Is it necessary to be able to guessthe amount of charges from numbers?

Yes

67.8%

Probablyyes

27.0%

Probably no 1.2%

No0.7%

No opinion20.8%

Is it necessary to keep quality of fixed phone services high?

2005 User’s survey by MIC

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1. Function of Numbers; Keep or Not?

As location of fixed phone users can be identified, they have some more social trust than users of only mobile phone.

At the present time, quality of fixed phone expected to be better than that of mobile phone in general, and quality of fixed phone should be better than that of IP phone.

So far, users can guess charges by identifying services or distance, but in NGN, difference of charges will be getting smaller.

No need to keep location identification for routing, but most users want it.

Most users think it’s necessary.

Point of view

Keep to identify Fixed terminal.

Keep to identify Fixed terminal.

Social trust identification

No need to keep it after all quality becomes same.

Keep as long as differences of quality among services exist.

Quality identification

No need to keep it after all charges become same.

Keep as long as differences of charges among services exist.

Tariff identification

Keep but reconsider boundaries for efficient allocation.

keepLocation identification

KeepKeepService identification(ex. Fixed or Mobile)

After transitionTransitional periodFunction of number

What number should be allocated to new services will be considered one by one, thinking of their characters from the point of users view, at the time their systems become clear.

2.Numbers for New services

Numbering in NGN era

29 29

Example

＜So Far＞

Mobile Network

GW

IP phone network

When User A is out

User Ｂ

【indoor】

【outdoor】

When User A is indoor

090 to mobile phone

050 to IP phone

090

050番号

Mobile Network

Wireless Lan

Home Location Register

GW

IP NetworkUser Ｂ

【Indoor】

【Outdoor】


＜FMC (Transition Period to NGN＞

When User A is outOnly one number is used

0９0 to Both mobile and IP Phone

How to Designate Number to FMC ? (Japanese Experience)(1)

30 30

Example

Core NetworkWireless Lan

Location Management Server

User Ｂ

【Indoor】

【Outdoor】


＜FMC (NGN＞

When User A is outOnly one number is used

0９0 to Both mobile and IP Phone


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Process of Consideration

1. New number should be designated to new services.

2. Numbers already designated can be used unless users are not confused*.

Points to be Considered

*Numbers are expected to make it possible for users to identify services, tariff, location, quality and social trust.

② Use current Number?① Designate New Number?


060 will be designated. 050,070,080&090 can be usedwith some conditions

- Location free number（080/090(Cellular)、070(PHS)、050(IP Phone）

- Fixed phone number（0AB）

0AB～Ｊ cannot be usedat this stage.

New numbers should be designated to new services.0A0 is for location free services

Is it convenient for users?

Is Influence to users expected to be small from the viewpoints of distinction services, tariff, location, quality and social trust ?

Reconsidered as the need arises when migration to NGN progresses

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Situation of ENUM in Japan(1)<Trial>

2003 ENUM Trial Japan (ETJP) was established. http://etjp.jp/english/index.html

• Participants– Companies, organizations, and individuals who hope to contribute to ETJP activities

• Purpose– Perform ENUM trials to ensure functioning and feasibility of basic technical facility– Demonstration of technology for international use (in 2006, implemented trial to connect oversea by 1.8.e164.arpa)– Accumulation and sharing of know-how about ENUM– DNS operation for ENUM Trial– Feasibility test of communication applications (device, software) using ENUM– Feasibility test of communication services

• Results– Technical verification• Communication devices and software provided by participants• Communication services– Clarification and consideration of relevant issues

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<Problems found After Trial>

There is no serious technological problem found in trials, but comments of many companies participating ENUM trial are …

At the present time in JapanThere is no company which actually provide ENUM services.After 2006, few activities can be seen.

- ENUM is a good idea, but not necessary to provide IP phone services at this stage.- There is no clear prospect that the ENUM market is growing in the future- Privacy and security issues are still remain as big problems to be solved.- Need to watch trend in other countries …

Situation of ENUM in Japan(2)

Documents

Outline of Numbering in Japan · Tokyo-3, Osaka-6 (from January 1,1999) 0 ×××× Trunk prefix Area code Local exchange number Examples of area codes “0” and “1” cannot be