OVERSEAS OPPORTUNITIES

OVERSEAS OPPORTUNITIES

Dr. Mukund Rao, National Institute of Advanced Studies (India)

This presentation is prepared by Mukund Rao (Adjunct Faculty, NIAS; [email protected]) for presenting at ASPRS Symposium on UAS Mapping 2014 held at Reno, USA during Oct 20-22, 2014 and no part of this may be copied, distributed, utilised without permission from Mukund Rao or ASPRS

IMAGING AND DATA IN INDIA – EMERGING APPLICATIONS AND POTENTIALS FOR UAS TECHNOLOGY

Mukund RaoIntl. Consultant on EO, GIS and Space

Adjunct Faculty, NIAS([email protected])

Presentation at ASPRS Symposium “CHANGE IN THE AIR” UAS MAPPING 2014

RENO, NEVADA, USAOct 20 – 22, 2014

mailto:[email protected]



NATIONAL GISNATIONAL GIS

2014

MAPPING, EO AND GIS IN INDIA

1600s

EARLY “MAPS”EARLY “MAPS”

THE GREAT ARCTHE GREAT ARC

18001ST GEODETIC SURVEY OF

INDIA; FOUNDATION

FOR MAPS

AIN-E-AKBARI MAPS OF MUGHAL

ERA (LAND TAX)

1ST TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS1ST TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS

1900s

SOI ESTABLISHED; 40 YRS FOR

QURTER-INCH MAPS OF INDIA

SATELLITE IMAGINGSATELLITE IMAGING

1980s

IRS SYSTEM; FIRST DIGITAL MAPPING;

THEMQTIC MAPPING ~5 YRS

GIS APPLICATIONSGIS APPLICATIONS

1990s

PROJECT-MODE “GIS DATABASES” & APPLICATIONS

INNOVATIONS:• SCIENTIFIC QUEST• ORGANISATIONAL• TECHNOLOGICAL

• NATIONAL-RELEVANCE

3



1990INSAT-1D

VHRR

1992INSAT-2A

VHRR

1993INSAT-2B

VHRR

2002 KALPANA-1

VHRR

2003 INSAT-3A VHRR,CCD

Geo stationary

1999 INSAT-2E VHRR, CCD

1988/91 IRS-1A & 1B

LISS-1&2

1995/97 IRS-1C/1D LISS-3, PAN

& WiFS1996 IRS-P3

WiFS, MOS X-Ray

1999OCEANSAT-1 OCM & MSMR

2001 TES Step& Stare PAN

2003 RESOURCESAT-1LISS 3; LISS 4;

AWiFS

2005

CARTOSAT-1

PAN, F/A

30 min.

1 km5 days

188 m

5 days

55 m

24 days

23 m

5.8 m

ALTM Digital Camera

Laser Terrain Mapper Su

bm

etre

Sun Synchronous

360 m

2 days Aerial

< 1 m

Indian Imaging Capability

2009RISAT-2

X-SAR

2009Oceansat-2

OCM, SCAT,

ROSA

2013 INSAT-3D IMAGER,

SOUNDER 2012 RESOURCESAT-2LISS 3; LISS 4;

AWiFS

2016 Resorcesat-3Liss 3; AWifs

2015 Cartosat-3Pan0.5m

2016Geo HR Imager

50m resolution

4

2007/ 08

CARTOSAT-2 & 2A

PAN

UAS – YET TO ARRIVE



EXTENSIVE GROUND-SURVEY MAPS/DATA

CADASTRAL MAPS (STATES)

SATELLITE/AERIAL IMAGES

GIS

RE

AD

Y

GIS READY

THEMATIC MAPS

GIS-READY DATA (CURRENT, NATION-WIDE) GIS STANDARDS

GIS APPLICATIONS DSS GIS DATA/IMAGE SERVICES

GIS- DECISION SUPPORT

GIS READY

KEY “INNOVATION” ISSUES:

• NEED FOR EASY-TO-USE GIS DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM

TO BRING SCIENTIFIC, PARTICIPATORY AND QUALITY INTO

FUTURE GOVERNANCE

• HOW NATION CAN BE ASSURED OF GIS-READY DATA THAT

IS EASILY AVAILABLE AND MAINTAINED

• INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISM RESPONSIBLE FOR THIS

CRITICAL TECHNOLOGICAL AND APPLICATIONS

CAPABILITY OF GIS

NATIONAL GIS: CRITICAL CAPABILITY “INNOVATION”

5



NATIONAL GIS – THE VISION

Information as lever of Economic and Social

Development

Information available in real time to share,

manage & collaborate - accurate, reliable,

timely & usable

INF

OR

MA

TIO

N

EX

EC

UT

IVE

JUD

ICIA

RY

LE

GIS

LA

TIV

E NK

NN

-G I

SU

IDE

-GO

V

A NEW INFORMATION REGIME SUPPORTING

GOOD GOVERNANCE, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND CITIZEN

EMPOWERMENT

THROUGH

AN INDIAN NATIONAL GIS ORGANISATION

OFFERING

GIS DECISION SUPPORT SERVICES FOR GOVERNANCE, PRIVATE ENTERPRISE AND

CITIZENS

AND MAINTAINING

A NATION-WIDE, STANDARDISED, SEAMLESS AND MOST-CURRENT GIS

ASSET FOR THE NATION 6



NATIONAL GIS

NATIONAL GIS

GOVERNANCE

NETWORK

SECURITY-GISSECURITY-GIS

LIS (LAND REC)LIS (LAND REC)

ENV-GISENV-GISNDMA-GISNDMA-GIS

ROADS-GISROADS-GIS

PLAN-GISPLAN-GIS

HEALTH-GISHEALTH-GIS

RURDEV-GISRURDEV-GIS

URBAN-GISURBAN-GISAGRI-GISAGRI-GIS

WATER-GISWATER-GIS

~25 GOVERNANCE

MODULES

INFORMATION

NETWORK

PUBLIC

CITIZEN

E-REGISTERE-REGISTER

E-HEALTHE-HEALTH

E-LANDE-LAND

UID-GISUID-GISCENSUS-INDIACENSUS-INDIA

POWER-GISPOWER-GIS

INFRA-GISINFRA-GIS

LBS GISLBS GIS

INFORMATION

NETWORK

ENTERPRISE

ENTERPRISES

Insurance GIS

Insurance GIS

NATIONAL GIS-DSS – APPLICATIONS

PIIDATA

PIIDATA

PIIDATA

UIDDATA

SECTORAL DATA

SECTORAL DATA

SECTORAL DATA

SECTORAL DATA

SECTORAL DATA

SECTORAL DATA

SECTORAL DATA

SECTORAL DATA

SECTORAL DATA

SECTORAL DATA

SECTORAL DATA

SECTORAL DATA

SECTORAL DATA

PANCHAYAT-GISPANCHAYAT-GIS

WEATHER-GISWEATHER-GIS

EDU-GISEDU-GIS

SECTORAL DATA

STATE- GIS

ENTDATA

ENTDATA

ENTDATA

ENTDATA

CENSUSDATAINPUTS TO SAM PITRODA FROM MUKUND RAO

(JUNE 24, 2013)

7



BENEFICIERY DATABASE

NATIONAL GIS (~41+ FEATURES)

AGRI-FACILITIES DATABASE

LINK: CADASTRE NO.

LINK: FAC.

LOC. PT.

AGRI-KNOWLEDGE/INTEGRATION ENGINE

CROP-SEASON IMAGESGROUND DATA

FACILITY AGENCY DATAGROUND DATA CAPTURE

CADASTRAL RECORDSDEVELOPMENTAL DATA

BANKING DATA…..

FARMER ENTERPRISE

GOVERNMENTCrop Weather

Interaction

Irrigation

Fertilizer Appl.

Insect/Pest Control

Variable rate

technology

…..

Mid-Course Corrections

Soil Variability

Yield Variability

Natural Resources Variability

In-season crop map

8

EXAMPLE



ASSET(~41+ FEATURES)

NATIONAL GIS

CITIZEN SERVICES GIS ENGINEGEO-TAGGED

LINKAGES

INSURANCESERVICES

NEAREST FACILITIES

DISASTERVULNERABILITY

EMER. ALERTSERVICE

PUBLIC SERVICEHEALTH

RECORDS

CITIZEN SERVICES

CROP PRICES

LANDRECORDS

IMAGES

PROGRAMMEDATA

VILLAGESERVICES

CENSUSDATA

AMENITIESDATA

NATIONAL GIS – PUBLIC SERVICES MODEL

INPUTS TO SAM PITRODA FROM MUKUND RAO (JUNE 24, 2013)

EXAMPLE

9



~41+ FEATURES

NATIONAL GIS ASSET

SPATIAL

UPDATED

CONTENT

ROADSROADS

CADASTRESCADASTRES

FOREST TYPE/DENFOREST TYPE/DEN

ADMIN MAPSADMIN MAPS

SOILSSOILS

LANDUSELANDUSE

IMAGESIMAGES

TOPO BASETOPO BASE

VILLAGES/SETVILLAGES/SET

RAILSRAILS

DRAINAGEDRAINAGE

GWATERGWATER

CENSUS DATA

CENSUS DATA

PLAN STATSPLAN STATS

ENT DATAENT DATA

TABULAR

DATA

GEO-TAGGED

OTHER DATA

OTHER DATA

REALTIME

CROWD

SOURCING

ANYREAL-TIME

ANYREAL-TIME

EVENTSEVENTS

FEED-BACKFEED-BACK

PROGRESSPROGRESSCOMPLAINTSCOMPLAINTS

COASTAL MAPSCOASTAL MAPS

SLOPE/DEMSLOPE/DEMWEATHER/ES IMAGES

WEATHER/ES IMAGES

WEATHER/ES DATA

WEATHER/ES DATA

COMMON, NATION-WIDE, STANDARDISED,

UPTODATE GIS CONTENT

10



NATIONAL GIS ASSET …. IMAGES ARE IMPORTANT

11

~41+ FEATURES

NATIONAL GIS ASSET

NATION-WIDE, SEAMLESS,

YEARLY IMAGES AND MAPS

~1M IMAGES

~10 CM IMAGES& DATA

SPOT-AREA, “AT-WILL” IMAGES

AND MAPS

~3.29 M SQ KMS

~500K SQ KMS

UAS IMAGING & DATA!!!



• Agriculture: 140mha of Agriculture land; aggregated farming; timely crop status and

health information, production/acreage information.

• City mapping and monitoring: ~7000+ cities; urban growth, buildings, traffic etc

• Mine monitoring: ~3000 mines (560 coal, 553 limestone and 316 iron-ore mines); real-time

status, volume estimations etc

• Forest mensuration and mapping: ~25% under forests/tree-cover; tree-count/mensuration,

forest monitoring, fire-assessment etc

• Disaster management support: Floods, Cyclones/Storms, earthquakes, landslides and

man-made disasters; rescue operations and systematic damage assessment

• Change Analysis/Monitoring – record of change in local-area development, impact of

government programmes, public fund usage, progress of infrastructure projects,

environment etc

• 3D visualisation – cities, important projects, national memorials, tourism, in-building

imaging etc

• Civic operations and crowd management – sports/political gatherings/

festivities/celebration etc

• Business applications for real-estate, tourism, news, social events etc

UAS FOR IMAGING AND MAPPING…. POTENTIALS

12



NATIONAL GI POLICY …. IMAGING IS KEY

Imaging CapabilityPrecise Positioning CapabilityAdvanced Surveying Capability

Mapping capabilityNational (Large area) GI contentGIS CapabilityGI Policy CapabilityGI Knowledge Capability

KEY POLICY ISSUES: • LONG-TERM, ASSURED, IMAGING SATELLITES• UPTO 0.5M, SAR, OCEANS, WEATHER

• LIBERALISE AERIAL SURVEY • UAS

• ADVANCED SURVEY DATA • UAS

• ROBUST BASE MAPS – SEAMLESS AND NATIONAL COVERAGE

• THEMATIC MAPPING

• SATELLITE/AERIAL (UAS) IMAGES, BASE MAPS, THEMATIC MAPS, GROUND SURVEY DATA

• NATIONAL GIS ASSET AND GIS DSS APPS AS SERVICE

13

National Security & ControlLegal IssuesSocial Issues

Financial IssuesIndustrial Capacity

CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES: • REGULATION – LICENSING/REGISTERING METHOD• NATIONAL GI REGISTRY/LOG

• INNOVATION AND INDUSTRY PRIMACY• ADVANCED INDIGENUOUS INDUSTRY



• “AT WILL” IMAGING AND DATA COLLECTION

• “MAXIMAL” USER-CONTROL - LESS DEPENDANT ON OTHER

SYSTEMS

• DATA-GATHERING OF “REQUIRED-AREA”

• EASY AMENABILITY TO MAPPING AND METRICS

• DIRECT INGEST TO GIS

• VARIETY OF “SENSORS”:

• IMAGING CAMERAS, LIDARS, POLLUTION MEASURING INSTRUMENTS,

GEOPHYSICAL ETC

• COST TO USER - “PERCEPTION OF LESS”:

• ONE-TIME COST OF UAV SYSTEMS PROCUREMENT

• OPERATIONAL AND RUNNING COST??

UAS FOR IMAGING AND MAPPING…. THE POSITIVES

14

“DEMOCRATISATION” OF IMAGING INFORMATION



• Policy – “flying objects” policies/rules to a “national airspace” - inclusion of

UAS

• Legal regimes - safety and security, privacy and liability/insurance

• Concern of “lethal payloads”

• Regulation and Rules – “Globally harmonised” (Aligned with ICAO Norms)

• Standardisation - technology, data parameters, operation etc

• Pilot & Crew, Control Station, Aircraft, Communication radio-link

• Certification and Training

• Obstacle Avoidance technologies

• Engineered/Calibrated Test-site for UAS

• UAS “sensors”

• Back-end GIS maps and data and ingest to National GIS Asset

• Viable industry and research regime for UAS technology and applications

UAS FOR IMAGING AND MAPPING…. CHALLENGES

15

Oct 7, 2014 notification http://dgca.nic.in/public_notice/PN-UAS.pdf


http://dgca.nic.in/public_notice/PN-UAS.pdf


• National UAS Workshop

• Focus: Building a National capability and policy for UAS - Bangalore; Early-2015

• Report on UAS Technology, Applications and Policies – Later 2015

• International scenario – technology, applications and policies

• Indian User Requirements and Needs

• 2-pronged Recommendations:

• Initiation-Phase:

• Demonstrative projects - agriculture, mining, cities, forests, coastal areas,

infrastructure etc

• Technology Assimilation – Standards, Systems, Data Processing, GIS

ingest, Training and HR development

• Policy Formulation – UAS in a National Aerospace regime, safety/security,

insurance etc

• Co-operation and business (Learning from others)

• Operational Phase:

• Commercial development of UAS systems

• Services and operations

• User-segment and Applications development

UAS FOR IMAGING AND MAPPING…. NIAS PROPOSITION

16



National GIS Vision Document (2011) http://moes.gov.in/national_gis.pdf

Perspectives for a National GI Policy (Including a National GI Policy draft) (2012) - http://www.nias.res.in/docs/R11-2012-GI-Policy.pdf

Karnataka State GIS Vision Document (2013) – http://karunadu.gov.in/ksac/documents/KGS-VISION%20DOCUMENT.pdf

GIS User Needs and Stakeholder consultation report for the state of Karnataka (2013) - http://karunadu.gov.in/ksac/documents/KGIS-STAKEHOLDER-BOOK.pdf

UAS Public Notification - http://dgca.nic.in/public_notice/PN-UAS.pdf

KEY RESOURCES/DOCUMENTS….

THANK YOU!!!

17


http://moes.gov.in/national_gis.pdf



http://www.nias.res.in/docs/R11-2012-GI-Policy.pdf

http://karunadu.gov.in/ksac/documents/KGS-VISION%20DOCUMENT.pdf



http://karunadu.gov.in/ksac/documents/KGIS-STAKEHOLDER-BOOK.pdf

http://karunadu.gov.in/ksac/documents/KGIS-STAKEHOLDER-BOOK.pdf

Documents

OVERSEAS OPPORTUNITIES