Overview of Overview of Aero-Space Technology Programs Aero-Space Technology Programs

Rich Christiansen

Director, Programs

Office of Aero-Space Technology

Phase-out of AST

Termination of HSR

Institutional Implications

Technology Implications

Partnership Implications

Programs Proposed for FY2000

Evolving to an Aero-Space Base

Formulating the FY2001 Program

•

Market and Policy DriversMarket and Policy DriversThe World Since 1990…The World Since 1990…

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U.S. shareof civiltransportsbelow 70%

••Boeing & McDonnell-Douglas announcemerger • US Airline balance

sheets in the black

•Lockheed &Martin- Mariettaannouncemerger

•Space Stationredesignaccepted &commit topartner withRussia

•Airbus Industrieachieves 33%share 1 yearearly

•Operation DesertStormEastern Airlinefiles Chapter 11Bankruptcy

•Pan Am makeslast flight

•Vice Presidentpublishes reporton aviationsafety, security& air trafficmodernization

•AirbusIndustrieachieves50%share7 yearsearly

Phasing Out the AST ProgramPhasing Out the AST Program

Advanced Subsonic Technology (AST)– Early initiation (FY94) with some new money– High technology markets/boost to economy– Aviation industry in downturn

Change in Administration Perspectives– Driven by Balanced Budget Agreement

=>Agency budget caps– Criticism of affordability objectives and benefit

to the public (vis manufacturers)

AST PhaseoutAST Phaseout

AST

- Safety comp. 9/98

- Environment

- General Aviation

- Reduced Seat Cost

AST

- Safety comp. 9/98

- Environment

- General Aviation

- Reduced Seat Cost

AST

- Safety

- Environment

- Capacity

- Economic

Affordability••

AST

- Safety

- Environment

- Capacity

- Economic

Affordability••

AST

- Aging A/C- Noise Reduction- TAP- AATT- Integrated Wing- Propulsion- CTR- Tech Integration- Envir.

Assessment- Composites- General Aviation

AST

- Aging A/C- Noise Reduction- TAP- AATT- Integrated Wing- Propulsion- CTR- Tech Integration- Envir.

Assessment- Composites- General Aviation

* ReCAT - Reduced Cost of Air Travel

FY 99 IAR

FY 98 IAR

FY 97 IAR

AST

- Safety

- Environment

- Reduced Seat Cost

ReCAT••

Aviation Capacity

AST

- Safety

- Environment

- Reduced Seat Cost

ReCAT••

Aviation Capacity

AST

- Safety

- Environment

- General Aviation

- Reduced Seat Cost

AST

- Safety

- Environment

- General Aviation

- Reduced Seat Cost

R&T Base- Noise red.- General

Aviation

UEET- Emissions red.- Envir. Asssmnt

R&T Base- Noise red.- General

Aviation

UEET- Emissions red.- Envir. Asssmnt

FY 00

Termination Of HSR ProgramTermination Of HSR Program

High Speed Research (HSR)– Phase II initiated (FY94) with new money

– High technology markets/boost to economy

– Potential to capture billions in market share

Change in Business Case for HSCT– While significant reductions made in technology risk, projected launch date

extended additional 10 years

– Impetus for Boeing investment at current rate curtailed

– Health of Subsonic Market/No Foreign Competition

Change in Administration Perspectives– Driven by Balanced Budget Agreement =>Agency budget caps

– Shift in long-term investment priorities (Space)

High-Speed Civil TransportHigh-Speed Civil TransportTechnical Development TimelineTechnical Development Timeline

NASA

Industry

Decision Points1. Decision to proceed with the remainder of Phase IIA (technology feasibility)HSR Phase I

HSR Phase II

HSR Phase IIARequirements Phase 2. Decision to proceed with an airframe follow-on

Program (propulsion technology success)HSR Phase IIA

Propulsion Focus

Airframe FocusPropulsion/AirframeTechnology Readiness

Propulsion/AirframeTechnology Readiness

Engineering/ManufacturingReadiness

Product Development

1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 20201995 2025

TERMINATED

Propulsion Focus$500M

Preliminary Design and Industry Technology Development

Institutional ImplicationsInstitutional Implications

Redeployment of workforce– Sustain inhouse workforce -> no RIF

• Shift from traditional aeronautics activities

• Attempt to quell erosion of core competencies

– Significant reduction in contract workforce

Potential loss of key facilities– Worsens serious backlog in maintenance– Threatens additional reduction in operations, potential

closures– Likelihood of rehabilitation/modernization of aging

facilities more remote

Aero-Dollar Expentitures for Research CentersAero-Dollar Expentitures for Research Centers

R&PM

CofF

R&D

R&DSupport

NetR&D

BoeingGEPW

Top Ten CompaniesOr AlliancesBy Total ContractObligations

FY99 58% inhouse

Aero-Dollar Expentitures for Research CentersAero-Dollar Expentitures for Research Centers

R&PMR&D

R&DSupport

NetR&D

Boeing,GE,PWTop Ten CompaniesOr AlliancesBy Total ContractObligations

FY00CofF

73% inhouse

Technology ImplicationsTechnology Implications

Vehicle Technologies – Decimates research in traditional performance

disciplines (aerodynamics, structures & materials, propulsion)

– No focus on reduced CO2 emissions

Vehicle Technologies DecimatedVehicle Technologies Decimated

0

100

200

300

400

500

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Fiscal Year

$M

Environmental and Vehicle Technology

HSR II

HSR IIA

> -70%

Technology ImplicationsTechnology Implications

Vehicle Technologies – Decimates research in traditional performance

disciplines (aerodynamics, structures & materials, propulsion)

– No focus on reduced CO2 emissions

Atmospheric Research– Virtually eliminates focus on aviation effects– Marginal influence in on-going science

activities

Atmospheric Research ImpactedAtmospheric Research Impacted

FY00 Budget and Revisions

Planned Budget: Revised Budget: AESA: $ 2.3 M $ 0.5 M (SOLVE

campaign)

SASS:

– ongoing NRA’s $ 4.7 M $ 3.5 M

– field mission $ 2.6 M $ 0

Total: $ 9.6 M $ 4.0 M

Technology ImplicationsTechnology Implications

Vehicle Technologies – Decimates research in traditional performance

disciplines (aerodynamics, structures & materials, propulsion)

– No focus on reduced CO2 emissions

Atmospheric Research– Virtually eliminates focus on aviation effects– Marginal influence in on-going science activities

Noise Reduction– No significant research beyond FY2002

Partnership ImplicationsPartnership Implications

FAA/EPA– Deep concern due to reliance on NASA’s ability to support their

research and analyses– US leadership in International policy at risk

DoD– Loss of available National expertise for problem-solving in

developmental or operational systems– Loss of key long-term, high risk vehicle & propulsion R&D

Industry – Sustaining sufficient engineering expertise for future development

programs– Potential for lengthening gaps in technology transfer

Universities

Programs Proposed for FY2000Programs Proposed for FY2000

Ultra Efficient Engine Technology– New Focused Program

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• Sustains inhouse aeropropulsion core competencies

• Preserves some facilities operations

• Continues research momentum on reduced NOX

• No Noise Reduction

• Falls short on system validation and user involvement

UEET Augments Remaining Vehicle UEET Augments Remaining Vehicle Technology Investment Technology Investment

0

100

200

300

400

500

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Fiscal Year

$M

Environmental and Vehicle Technology UEET

FY99 runout levelW/HSR

FY00 runout levelW/UEET

Programs Proposed for FY2000Programs Proposed for FY2000

Synthetic Vision Project– Augmenting Aviation Safety Program

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• Sustains basic Flight Deck research from HSR

• Increases number of concepts selected under previous NRA

• Accelerates technology validation

• Added research support for certification

Evolving to an Aero-Space BaseEvolving to an Aero-Space Base

Everyone has demanded it– Administrator, Administration (OMB),

Congress…

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• Not just moving money from one pot to another

• Not just more hypersonics

• It’s drawing on the technical and managerial experience from decades of basic and applied research in Aeronautics

• Sustains and augments basic research aimed towards Agency priorities

Integrating Aero & Space R&TIntegrating Aero & Space R&TAdv Space TransVehicle Technology

Airframe & Struct Tech

Ultra light Multi-funct

High-Integrity Sys

Reusability / Aging Sys

Propulsion & Power

Prop Subsys Rsch

RBCC PDE TechHigh Temp Prop Comp

Information Tech

Veh Health Mgt Tech

ASTP Rsch

Prop Tech & Integ

Vehicle Sys Tech

Ops / Range Tech (KSC)

...p1 p2 pn

...p1 p2 pn

...p1 p2 pn

Airframe Systems Base Transition to Aero-SpaceAirframe Systems Base Transition to Aero-Space

Primary Secondary Support

Physics Based

Modeling & Design Tools

Adaptive Aerospace

Vehicle Technologies

SurvivabilityTechnologies ACE

Noise & Structural Acoustics

Technology

Ultra-LiWT& Intg MultiFunctional Systems

High-Integrity Systems

Reusibility/ Aging

Systems

Advanced Vehicle

Concepts & Systems

Noise Reduction Closeout

GA/AGATE Hyper-X

Increase Safety

Reduce Emission

Reduce Noise

Increase Capacity

Reduce Cost

Reduce Travel Time

Invigorate General Aviation

Design Cycle & X-

Planes

Reduce Cost to Orbit

Reduce Cost to Space

DoD Synergy

Enterprise Goal

Level 2 Projects

GA/SATSCloseout Closeout

Revolutionary Concepts (RevCon)Revolutionary Concepts (RevCon)

Revitalizes advanced concept studies within context of Goals

Office of Aero-Space Techno logy

REVCON Fill in the Gaps • Competitive solicitations drawn from entire community with cost-sharing as a key multiplier

• Identify innovations early

• Accelerate development and inserts reality of flight

• Adds excitement to the overall program

Formulating the FY2001 ProgramFormulating the FY2001 Program

Tactical considerations for gaining ground on strategic goal roadmaps– Noise & Emissions

• Friendly Skies Initiative --> a planning framework for multiple programs/projects

• Success will be highly dependant on Administration’s view of criticality and need for a National Policy (local air quality & noise) and for US Leadership in International Policy (Global Warming)

• Best opportunity to revitalize traditional disciplinary work• Only opportunity to sustain noise reduction or contrails research

beyond FY2001• Substantial involvement of industry, FAA, and others• Also, move closer to DoD for support with propulsion and their

growing noise and NOX issues

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80 NOX

CO2

Potential Contributions Toward Emissions Goals Potential Contributions Toward Emissions Goals and Related Programsand Related Programs

Emissions Percent

Reduction

Full-Up Friendly SkiesCurrent AST Emissions Program

(NOX Only)

UEET Program

25 Year NOX Goal

Innovative Airframe CO2 reduction technology development can also improve total NOX reduction

25 Year CO2 Goal

“Mini” Friendly Skies

POTENTIAL REDUCTION IN COPOTENTIAL REDUCTION IN CO22 EMISSIONS EMISSIONS

Fuel Burn = 205,800 lbs1995 EIS Technology

-124,100 lbs (-60%)

SYSTEMS Fuel Burn = - 8%

Fuel Burn = 81,700 lbs

PROPULSION Fuel Burn = - 19%

STRUCTURES Fuel Burn = - 24%

Laminar Flow ControlDesign OptimizationExcrescence Drag Reduction

AERODYNAMICS Fuel Burn = - 9%

Composite Wing & TailsComposite FuselageLight Weight Landing GearAdvanced MetalsAeroelastic Tailoring (AR)

Propulsion Aero-Mechanical DesignPropulsion Hot SectionPropulsion MaterialsPropulsion Secondary Systems

Relaxed Static StabilityAll Flying Control SurfacesFly-By-Light/Power-By-WireHigh Performance NavigationIntelligent Flight Systems

Potential Reduction in NoisePotential Reduction in Noise

2022

ASTNoiseReduction

Engine Systems

AirframeSystems

Engine systems

Airframe noise

Operations

Fan

Core

Exhaust

Liners

PAI WeightAerodynamics

Precision trajectories

Prec. ground tracks

5 dB

8 dB

8 dB

4 dB

1997

3 dB

8 dB total source noise

Impact/Effects Modeling & Metrics

1992

3 dB

20 dB

10 dB

2007

5 dB AST

2 dB Ops

3 dB source

Operations

Airframe Noise

Flap

Slat

Gear

Formulating the FY2001 ProgramFormulating the FY2001 Program Tactical considerations for gaining ground on strategic

goal roadmaps– Safety & General Aviation (Doorstep to destination, safely)

• Safe, Small Aircraft Transportation System (SSATS) Initiative (also, Highway in the Sky (HITS) --> a planning framework for multiple programs/projects

• Recent public attention given to the safety side of General Avaition provides a favorable environment for advocacy

• DOT/FAA and States driven by public accessibility to air travel and economic benefits of improved access

• Builds on AGATE experience, extending advanced vehicle technologies and beginning emphasis on infrastructure

Policy, Technology & Partnership LessonsPolicy, Technology & Partnership Lessons Policy Lessons:

– Long development programs are inherently unstable– The consolidation of Aeronautics industry will remain a challenging counter-

argument against NASA– The more controversial and complex a program is, the more difficult it is to

sustain support Technology Lessons:

– Hard jobs stimulate breakthrough technologies– Technology development benefits from focused requirement– Spin-off technologies (i.e., multiple use) has to be a criteria early in the

requirements phase Partnership Lessons:

– Markets drive business decisions --> expect industry commitments to change over time

– Other government agencies are subject to policy changes, as well as NASA --> and not necessarily uniform

SummarySummary

SafetyShortSnappySynergySupport

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