Overview of Cell Structure

CELLS ARE THE BASIC CELLS ARE THE BASIC STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL OF ALL LIVING THINGS.

ALL CELLS VERY IN SHAPE AND FUNCTION, BUT ALL PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS HAVE MANY COMMON FEATURES.

The Cell Theory States

All living things are composed of one or more cells.

The cell is the smallest entity that retains the property of life.

New cells arise only from cells that already exist.

Classification of cells

• Eukaryotic- A type of cell that has a true nucleus. The nuclear membrane surrounds a well-defined nucleus.• Prokaryotic- A type of cell that does not have a nuclear membrane and no true nucleus.

Cell structure The cytoplasm is a fluid that contains all the parts of

a cell inside the cell membrane & outside the nucleus. Chemical activities happen here, nutrients are transported & processed, wastes are stored.

Cell Membrane Outermost boundary of the cell where many of

the cells activities take place. Made of proteins and a bilayer(double) of lipid

(fat)molecules Holds the cell content in place Regulates the movement of materials into and

out of the cell

Nucleus

Control center of the cell Contains threadlike chromosomes made of genes Chromosomes are made of DNA

(deoxyribonucleic acid) which is the genetic material of life

Pores in the envelope allow some things to pass through and not others.

Nucleolus

A small, spherical structure located inside the nucleus. It is associated with RNA. It is involved in making genetic material called rRNA and directs the formation of ribosomes.

Flagella and Cilia Flagella- helps the cell move by using

contractile proteins to spin it in a corkscrew motion. Can have one or more and the human

sperm cell is an example that uses a flagellum for propulsion.

Cilia- shorter hair like structures that are only found in animal cells and have contractile proteins that cause tem to move. They move more in a coordinated fashion. Locomotion is it’s main function or create

fluid current to move materials. Cells that line your windpipe have hundreds of thousands of cilia to move debris away from your lungs.

Cytoplasmic Organelles

YOU WILL EACH PICK A CYTOPLASMIC ORGANELLE TO RESEARCH.

• YOU MUST CREATE A POWERPOINT SLIDE ABOUT YOUR ORGANELLE

• THE SLIDE MUST BE IN BULLET FORMAT AND CONTAIN THE FOLLOWING…

• A detailed description of It’s role in the cell

• Which cells they can be found in

• It’s shape

• A picture/diagram

• You will present your findings to the class

Cytoplasmic Organelles

MITOCHONDRIA

RIBOSOMES

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

GOLGI APPARATUS

LYSOSOMES

MICROFILAMENTS AND MICROTUBULES

CHLOROPLASTS

VACUOLE

Answer the Following Questions Outline the major concepts of the cell theory. What is the difference between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic

cell? Describe the function of the nucleus. What are chromosomes and genes? Describe the function of the cell membrane. Describe the structure and function of centrioles. Why would muscle tissue cells require more mitochondria than

fat cells? What roles does the Golgi apparatus play in the transport of

materials into and out of the cell? What kinds of materials does it package?

What role does lysosomes play in in the human body’s defence mechanism? Explain.

Which organelle is involved with cellular respiration and explain?

Describe using a Venn Diagram similarities and differences between plant and animal cells.