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Overview of Health Care System
Importance of health care Defining health care services Health care/medical care as a system Shift in health care paradigm
Importance of Health Care in the US
Over $1 trillion in expenditures and approximately 15% of GNP in the US.
What is Health?
World Health Organization (WHO) definition
Interrelationship among the physical, mental, and social dimensions.
Spiritual dimension? Greater attention is being given to the role of faith in health.
What Impacts Health?
Blum’s model of health– Genetic factors.– Behavior and life-style factors– Environmental factors– Medical care system
Most diseases are multifactorial in etiology (cause) and result from the interaction of multiple genetic, behavior and environmental factors. Can be considered risk factors.
What Is Health Care?
Long’s (1996) definition
Model of the Health Care System
Health Care ----------------> Health Status– Medical care– Education– Housing– Diet– Environmental monitoring and cleanup
Medical care is only one of the components of the health care system.
Network of Health Care/Medical Care Organizations
– Financing organizations– Suppliers– Providers
Preventative care Primary care Secondary care Tertiary care Restorative care Continuing care
Health Care Organizations as Social Systems
HCOs viewed as systems formed by subsystems: people, management subsystems, tasks/technology, structure.
HCOs in turn are subsystems of the larger environment.
Closed system Open system Organizational subsystems in an open system
Major Forces Affecting Health Care Delivery
Financing: shift to risk-based contracts Changes in technology emphasizing
outpatient and home treatment. Growth of information technology Aging of the population and chronic
diseases Increasing population diversity
Shift in the Health Care Paradigm
Moving away from the episodic treatment of acute illness events to the provision of a coordinated continuum of care that will enhance the health status of a defined population.
The New Paradigm and HCOs Strategies
Integrated delivery systems or vertically integrated systems
Management challenges
