Overview of IEEE Wireless Network Standards

Convergent Wireless Network Standards – IEEE 802 Series

• Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN)– 802.15 (since 1999)

• Wireless Local Area Netwrok (WLAN)– IEEE 802.11 (since 1990)

• Wireless Metropolitan Network (WMAN)– IEEE 802.16 (since 2001)

• Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN)– IEEE 802.20 (since 2002)

• Wireless Regional Area Network (WRAN)– IEEE 802.22 (since 2004)

• Media Independent Handover Services– IEEE 802.21

Relationship

PAN < 10 m

802.15.1 (Bluetooth) – 1 Mbps

802.15.3 > 20 Mbps

802.15.3a (UWB) < 480 Mbps

802.15.4 (Zigbee) < 250 kbps

LAN < 150 m

802.11a/b/e/g – 1- 54Mbps

802.11n (proposed) > 100 Mbps

MAN < 5 km

802.16-2004 - 70 Mbps802.16e-2005 – 35Mbps

WAN < 15 km

802.20 (proposed) GSM, GPRS, CDMA, 2.5G, 3G

10 kbps to 2.4 Mbps

RAN< 100 km

802.22 (proposed) - 18 to 24 Mbps

Handover Service

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TEXT GRAPHICS INTERNET HI-FI AUDIO

STREAMINGVIDEO

DIGITALVIDEO

MULTI-CHANNELVIDEO

Bluetooth1

Bluetooth 2ZigBee

802.11b

802.11a/HL2 & 802.11g

IEEE 802.15 Working GroupIEEE 802 LAN/MAN Standards Committee

802.1Higher Layer

LAN ProtocolsWorking Group

... 802.11Wireless LocalArea NetworksWorking Group

... 802.15Wireless Personal

Area NetworksWorking Group

802.16Broadband Wireless

MANWorking Group

802.17Resilient

Packet RingWorking Group

TG1WPAN/Bluetooth

Task Group

TG2CoexistenceTask Group

TG3WPAN High Rate

Task Group

TG4WPAN Low Rate

Task Group

WPAN – IEEE 802.15 (I)• IEEE 802.15.1

– Original spec – Bluetooth– Working range: < 10m– RF Band: 2.4GHz ISM– Modulation: Frequency Hopping

(79 channels)– Bit Rate: up to 720 kbps– Network structure:

• piconet – up to 8 devices• scatternet – combination of piconet• Provide voice channel

– Application: Device communications

– Status – Standard (2002) (2005)

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WPAN – IEEE 802.15 (II)• IEEE 802.15.2 – Coexistence

– Coexistence with 802.11– Status – Standard (2003)

• IEEE 802.15.3/3b – High-Rate WPAN– RF Band: 2.4 GHz ISM– Bit Rate: > 20 Mbps– Network Structure

• CSMA/CA + TDMA• piconet + p2p communication link• QoS

– Applications: Short-range multimedia streaming

– Status – Standard (2005)

WPAN – IEEE 802.15 (III)• IEEE 802.15.4/4a – (Zigbee) Low-Rate WPAN

– RF Band: 868 MHz, 915 MHz, 2.4GHz– Modulation: BPSK + spreading codes– Bit rate: < 250 kbps– Low power consumption– Application: Industrial/Medical sensor network– Network Structure

• CSMA/CA• Star / peer-peer / combination

– Status: • 802.15.4 – Standard (2003) (2006)• 802.15.4a – Standard (2007)• 802.15.4c/4d – PHY for China/Japan – pre-draft• 802.15.4e – enhancement - predraft

Why is ZigBee Needed?

• Unique needs of sensors and control systems– Don’t need high bandwidth– Low cost– Low latency– Very low energy consumption for long battery lives– Large number of devices

WPAN – IEEE 802.15 (IV)

• IEEE 802.15.5 – WPAN Mesh– Facilitating wireless mesh topologies– High-Rate MAC & Low-Rate MAC

enhancement – Status – pre-draft

WPAN Spec

WLAN – IEEE 802.11 (WiFi) Network Structure

Independent BSS

Access Point

Infrastructure BSS

WLAN – IEEE 802.11 (PHY)• IEEE 802.11

– General MAC – CSMA/CA– Modulation: FHSS, DSSS, IR

PHY– Bit rate: up to 2Mbps– Status: Standard (1999)

• IEEE 802.11a– RF Band: 5 GHz UNII– Modulation: OFDM– Bit Rate: up to 54 Mbps– Status: Standard (1999)

• IEEE 802.11b– RF Band: 2.4GHz ISM– Modulation: CCK– Bit Rate: up to 11 Mbps– Status: Standard (1999)

• IEEE 802.11g– Integrate 11a & 11b at 2.4 GHz– Status: Standard

• IEEE 802.11n– RF Band: 2.4 GHz ISM– Modulation: OFDM + MIMO– Bit Rate: > 100 Mbps– Status: draft

• IEEE 802.11j– Japanese PHY– Status: Standard (2004)

WLAN – IEEE 802.11 (MAC)• IEEE 802.11e

– QoS Enhancement on MAC

– Status – Standard (2005)• IEEE 802.11f

– Inter-Access Point Protocol (IAPP)

– Status – Standard (2003) Withdrawn (2006)

• IEEE 802.11i– Security Enhancement on

MAC – Status: Standard (2004)

Draft or pre-draft: • 11k – Radio Resource

Measurement• 11p – Wireless Access in

Vehicular Environments (WAVE)

• 11r – Fast Roaming• 11s – WLAN Mesh• 11u – Interworking with

External Networks• 11v – Network Management • 11w – protected management

frame• 11z – Direct Link Setup

IEEE 802.11 PHY Layer

WMAN – IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX)

Potential Usage of WiMax

WMAN – IEEE 802.16 Spec• IEEE 802.16-2004 – Fixed

WMAN– Range:

• Line of Sight: about 50 km• Non Line of Sight: about 8 km

– Bit Rate: • Line of Sight: 16 ~ 134 Mbps• Non Line of Sight: up to ~70

Mbps– RF Band:

• Line of Sight : 11~66 GHz• Non Line of Sight: 2~11GHz

– Modulation: SC, OFDM, MIMO– MAC: PMP, Mesh (optional)– Duplexing: TDD/FDD– QoS

• IEEE 802.16e-2005 –Mobile WMAN– Support mobility– Bit rate: up to 60 Mbps– RF Band: < 11 GHz

• IEEE 802.16.2-2004– Coexistence

• IEEE 802.16f-2005– Management Information

BASE (MIB)• IEEE 802.16k-2007

– Bridging of IEEE 802.16

WMAN – IEEE 802.16 Spec (cont.)

Draft or Pre-draft:• IEEE 802.16h

– Improved Coexistence Mechanisms for License-Exempt Operation

• IEEE 802.16i– Management Plane Procedures and Services

• IEEE 802.16j– Multihop Relay Specification

WWAN – IEEE 802.20• Mobile Broadband Wireless Access (MBWA)• Mission

– Develop the specification for an efficient packet basedair interface that is optimized for the transport of IP based services

• Scope:– MAC & PHY of MBWA– RF Band: < 3.5 GHz– Modulation: OFDM – Bit rate: > 1 Mbps per user– Mobility: up to 250 km/h

• A direct competitor to 3G• Status: draft

WRAN – IEEE 802.22• Cognitive-Radio Based PHY/MAC

– enable flexible, efficient and reliable spectrum use by adapting the radio’s operating characteristics to the real-time conditions of the environment

• RF Band: – TV Bands (54 ~ 682 MHz) w/ bandwidth 6/7/8 MHz

• MAC: PMP (point-to-multipoint)• Bit Rate:

– 18 ~ 24 Mbps per channel– 1.5 Mbps upstream, 300 kbps downstream

• Service Range:– 33 km for 4W CPE transmit power– up to 100 km– Propagation delays exceed 300 µs

• Status: draft (802.22.1 draft 2.0)

MIH – IEEE 802.21

• Media Independent Handover (MIH)• Mission

– Enable handover and interoperability between heterogeneous network types including both 802 and non 802 networks.

– Focus on Heterogeneous (Vertical) Handovers• Homogeneous (Horizontal) Handovers

– Within Single Network (Localized Mobility)– 802.11r, 802.16e, 3GPP, 3GPP2

• Services: (next page)• Status: draft (D7.1)

Handover Standards

IEEE

802.11r802.16e

3GPP/2

VCC I-WLANSAE-LTE

Horizontal Handovers

IP Mobility & Handover Signaling

Inter-working & Handover Signaling

IEEE802.21

802.21 Provides 802 component to other Handover Standards

IETF

MIPFMIP

SIP

HIPNETLMM

DNA MIPSHOP

802.21: Key ServicesLink Layer Triggers

State ChangePredictive

Network InitiatedNetwork InformationAvailable NetworksNeighbor MapsNetwork ServicesHandover Commands

Client InitiatedNetwork Initiated

Vertical Handovers

802.21 uses multiple services to Optimize Vertical Handovers

802.21 MIH Function

Protocol and Device Hardware

Applications (VoIP/RTP)Connection

Management

WLAN Cellular WMAN

L2 Triggers and Events

Information Service

Mobility Management Protocols

Smart Triggers

Information Service

Handover Messages

Handover Management

Handover Policy

Handover Messages IE

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