Upload
others
View
7
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
2017
Overview ofIntelligent Power Systems
for Future Aircraft
Distribution A: Approved for Public ReleaseCase Number: 88ABW-2016-4356 1
2017
Meeting Outline
• IPS Program Introduction
• Research Focus
• Example Applications
• Future Plans
• Summary
2
2017
Intelligent Power Systems
3
What is an intelligent power system?
• Intelligent Power Systems (IPS) is a robust and resilient power system capable of intelligent fault protection, autonomous reconfiguration, optimal power distribution, and power quality and stability
Program:
• IPS is a three year program investigating/developing new technologies to advance the state of art in (military) aircraft power management and distribution
• Model based demonstration of developed technologies to transition to large scale hardware demonstration complimenting other projects
FY 15 FY 16 FY 17 FY 18 FY 19
IPS Kickoff Finalize Team
and model
development
System level
analysis/research
areas
Model based
demonstration
Transition to
Hardware Test
2017
Intelligent Power Systems
page 4
Dual Redundant Power Drive Electronics
EDU 1
ICC 1
ICC 2
270VDC Battery
Motor 1
Motor 2
Drive 1
Drive 2
Simplified 270VDC Flight Critical Electrical Power System
Aircraft Data Bus
CS CS
CS
270V
DC
Bu
s 1
VS
27
0V
DC
Bus 2
EDU 2
Starter/Generator 1
Starter/Generator 2
Flight Critical Electric Actuator
• Advanced protection schemes leverage:
- Built-in sensors
- Advance Communication Bus
- Emerging solid-state distribution technology
• Advanced protection schemes provide:
- High speed feeder protection
- DP zones from generation to utilization
- Automatic “intelligent” recloser
- Arc fault detection and protection (parallel & series)
Intelligent
Power
Systems
Integrate and control the electrical
power system for autonomous
operation and protection
2017
Intelligent Power Systems Team
5
• Multi-university effort:
• AFRL - RQ Aerospace Systems Directorate• University of Dayton Research Institute• PCKA – Purdue University• The Ohio State University• University at Buffalo• Michigan Technological University• Rochester Institute of Technology• Idaho National Laboratory PC Krause and Associates, Inc.
Engineering, Modeling, and Software Solutions for Integrated Power, Thermal, and Propulsion Systems
2017
Meeting Outline
• IPS Program Introduction
• Research Focus
• Example Applications
• Future Plans
• Summary
6
2017
Aircraft Power Challenges
7
1. More demanding loads (in every sense!)
• Higher base load power: actuators, radar, etc.
• Higher peak power: Directed Energy Weapons (DEW), actuator
• Constant Power Loads with fast rise/fall power rates
2. Destructive faults:
• Parallel low impedance arcs
• Series high impedance arc
• Load/source faults and malfunctions
Continued electrification of the aircraft imposes several challenges:
2017
Aircraft Power Challenges
8
3. Power management:
• Stability challenges due to CPLs
• Dynamic power sharing between sources
• Distribution and reconfiguration
• Optimal power management
4. Electrical/Mechanical Interactions:
• Impacts to engine and thermal systems
• High Pressure (HP) / Low Pressure (LP)
• Coordination between engine and power systems
Source: INVENT Overview, IEEE 2012 Annual Meeting
2017
Research Focus (1)
9
Stability/Power Quality AnalysisGoals✓ Investigate/develop techniques for stability analysis due to Constant
Power Loads (CPLs)✓ Utilize energy storage to:
1. Improve the stability of the dc bus2. Maintain voltage within standard limits3. Minimize the ramp rates of power from generator
Intelligent Generator Program:Goals:✓ Optimal sizing of Generator and Energy storage✓ Enhance generator control unit to:
1. Better fault handling/mitigation2. Coordination with other sources3. Improved transient response
2017
Research Focus (2)
10
Fault AnalysisGoals✓ Series arc experimental characterization✓ Parallel faults impact to system level transients✓ Intelligent and adaptive fault detection and characterization
Power Management and DistributionGoals:✓ Dynamic source management and power sharing✓ Intelligent reconfiguration with performance guarantees – formal
methods, LTL✓ Smooth and stable transition between different modes
2017
Approach/Strategy
11
Analysis✓ Experimental testing/model extraction✓ Analytical – control oriented modeling✓ Controller/algorithm design
Modeling and simulation✓ Realistic/validated models✓ Controller implementation✓ Controller/algorithm simulation and verification
Hardware in the Loop (HIL) Testing✓ Investigate feasibility of controller
implementation in hardware✓ Smooth transition to hardware tests
2017
Meeting Outline
• IPS Program Introduction
• Research Focus
• Example Applications
• Future Plans
• Summary
12
2017
Stability/Power Quality Enhancement
13
• Problem: Active loads exhibit dynamic negative resistance which can cause system instability
• Approach
1. Frequency domain: Middlebrook criteria
2. Nonlinear techniques: Lyapunov analysis,model predictive control
• Accomplishments✓ Stability improvement through HESM control
✓ Bus voltage transient analysis andenhancement through predictive control
2017
Stability/Fault Analysis
14
• Stability enhancement through energy storage control
• Fault analysis and controller verification
A: Connect loadsB: FaultC: Open faulted cableD: Clear faultE: Reconnect loads
A B C D E
PC Krause and Associates, Inc.Engineering, Modeling, and Software Solutions for Integrated Power, Thermal, and Propulsion Systems
2017
Series Arc Characterization
15
• Problem: Series and high impedance arcs can be critically damaging to the aircraft. It is very challenging to detect due to low fault current
• Approach
1. Experimental testing of high voltage dc series arc
2. Model extraction for system level studies
3. Fault detection techniques
• Accomplishments✓ Develop a hardware platform for series/high impedance arc
✓ Preliminary model extraction of steady state characteristics
2017
Series Arc Summary
16
• Effort to experimentally characterizedc series arc at higher voltage levels, e.g.540 Vdc
• Steady state modeling of the series arcresistance:
• Detection techniques investigation using wavelet decomposition:
2017
Dynamic Power Sharing
17
• Problem: Generator sources must be ready to share power to reduce losses (heat) and assist engine/mechanical systems
• Approach
1. Graph theory based system analysis
2. Distributed and decentralized power sharing strategies
3. HIL platform and verification
• Accomplishments
✓Mathematical formulation of system using graph theory
✓ Preliminary HIL platform development based on OPAL RT and dSpace
✓ CAN network established for decentralized control
✓ Optimal gain designs
Real Time Simulation
G375 / 500
KW G375 / 500
KW
Controller Controller
Supervisor
CAN Network
2017
Objectives for Parallel Generators
18
1. Share the power as commanded with small error
2. Maintain limits on dc bus voltage based on standards
3. Fast transient response of the sharing strategy < 50 ms
4. Maintain stability during connection and disconnections of sources!
2017
System Reconfiguration/Management
19
• Problem: Contactor management to ensure power can always be delivered to the flight critical buses
• Approach
1. Define requirements/specifications
2. Formal methods and Linear Temporal Logic (LTL)
3. Tulip synthesis of controllers
4. HIL platform and verification
• Accomplishments
✓ Requirement specification using LTL
✓ Preliminary analysis on contactor delay
✓ Synthesis of management strategy
✓ Simulation based verification
2017
System Management Results
20
1. A very large model with many contactors can cause state space explosion
2. Parallel controllers to manage generators and energy storage
System2
System1
2017
Meeting Outline
• IPS Program Introduction
• Research Focus
• Example Applications
• Future Plans
• Summary
21
2017
Future Plans
22
• Finalize research/techniques for: intelligent generator control, stability/power quality enhancement, power management and distribution, and fault analysis
• Finalize representative system model and HIL platform for model based demonstration
• Ease transition to hardware tests for hardware programs
FY 15 FY 16 FY 17 FY 18 FY 19
IPS Kickoff Finalize Team and model
development
System level analysis/research
areas
Model based demonstration
Transition to Hardware Test
2017
Summary
23
• Intelligent Power Systems (IPS) is a robust and resilient power system capable of intelligent fault protection, autonomous reconfiguration, and optimal power distribution
• Developing new techniques to help generation, fault, management and distribution, and stability of power system
• Preliminary analysis/development of models and HIL platform for demonstration
• Real time simulation and HIL will ease transition to Hardware tests