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Overview of Memory • Atkinson-Shiffrin Model Senso ry Signa ls Sensor y Memory Short- Term Memory Long- Term Memory ATTENTION REHEARSAL RETRIEVAL

Overview of Memory

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Overview of Memory. Atkinson-Shiffrin Model. RETRIEVAL. ATTENTION. Sensory Memory. Short-Term Memory. Long-Term Memory. Sensory Signals. REHEARSAL. “Types” of Memory. Sensory Memory brief ( < 1 second) preattentive / parallel processing (very large capacity). Sensory Memory. Capacity. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Overview of Memory

Overview of Memory

• Atkinson-Shiffrin Model

Sensory Signals

Sensory Memory

Short-Term Memory

Long-Term Memory

ATTENTION

REHEARSAL

RETRIEVAL

Page 2: Overview of Memory

“Types” of Memory

• Sensory Memory– brief ( < 1 second)– preattentive / parallel processing (very

large capacity)

Page 3: Overview of Memory

Sensory Memory

Page 4: Overview of Memory

Capacity

• Describe a simple experiment that could measure the capacity of “memory”

Page 5: Overview of Memory

Capacity

• Describe a simple experiment that could measure the capacity of “memory”

• Briefly present some letters or digits and then ask the subject to report them– Called “whole report”

Page 6: Overview of Memory

Capacity

F S F EG S A UT O C G

Page 7: Overview of Memory

Capacity

“Recall as many letters as you can”

Page 8: Overview of Memory

Capacity

• George Sperling - Systematic investigation of memory capacity

– Result: subjects accurately recall 3 or 4 items

– What can you conclude from this result?

Page 9: Overview of Memory

Capacity

• What if subjects forget as they are recalling?

Page 10: Overview of Memory

Capacity

• What if subjects forget as they are recalling?

• How could you modify the experiment to measure the instantaneous capacity, before any forgetting can occur?

Page 11: Overview of Memory

Capacity

• Partial Report - briefly present letters or digits and ask subject to report only some of them

“Report the letters in the row indicated by the arrow”

Page 12: Overview of Memory

Capacity

U E S BO D W AI B V S

Page 13: Overview of Memory

Capacity

Page 14: Overview of Memory

Capacity

Which Letters?

Page 15: Overview of Memory

Capacity

• Partial Report

• Result: subjects can recall any 3 or 4 letters that are indicated by the arrow !

Page 16: Overview of Memory

Capacity

• Partial Report

• Result: subjects can recall any 3 or 4 letters that are indicated by the arrow !

• What does this mean about the capacity of memory?

Page 17: Overview of Memory

Capacity

• There is some part of the perception system that stores huge amounts of information…

Page 18: Overview of Memory

Duration

• But for how long? How would you design an experiment to measure the duration of this high-capacity memory system?

Page 19: Overview of Memory

Duration

• But for how long? How would you design an experiment to measure the duration of this high-capacity memory system?

• Vary the onset of the probe

Page 20: Overview of Memory

Duration

• Partial Report

Probe Delay

# of letterspotentially recalled

500 ms0 ms never0

4

10

Page 21: Overview of Memory

Duration

• Partial Report

Delay

# of letters potentiallyrecalled

Interpretation:1. Information dwells in a brief storage “buffer”2. duration of storage lasts about 1/2 of one second

500 ms0 ms never0

4

10

Page 22: Overview of Memory

Iconic Memory

• a brief storage of “raw data” in the visual system

Page 23: Overview of Memory

Echoic Memory

• Auditory information is stored in a similar sensory “buffer”– Echoic memory seems to last for several

seconds

Page 24: Overview of Memory

Properties of Sensory Memory

1. Brief (iconic ~500ms; echoic ~2 seconds)

Page 25: Overview of Memory

Properties of Sensory Memory

1. Brief (iconic ~500ms; echoic ~2 seconds)2. unlimited capacity

Page 26: Overview of Memory

Properties of Sensory Memory

1. Brief (iconic ~500ms; echoic ~2 seconds)2. unlimited capacity3. pre-attentive

Page 27: Overview of Memory

Next Time:

• Short-term memory