SOLARGE – Professional Training: Collective Solar Thermal Systems I Introduction

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1I Introduction© target GmbH

Photo

s: B

lozo

en/

ESTIF

, Fr

aunhofe

rIS

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ESTI

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), M

. Sch

nauss

(4)

Overview of Solar Thermal Systems

Source: M. Schnauss

Hot water

Hot water & heating

Swimming pool

Air heating / air conditioning

TradeIndustry

Cooling

2I Introduction© target GmbH

Buildings for installation of collective solar thermal systems

Source: M. Schnauss

• Multi-family residences

• Residential accommodations

• Housing estates

• Canteens, Cafeterias

• Hospitals

• Schools and nurseries

• Sports facilities

• (Indoor) Swimming pools

• Pensions and hotels

• Youth hostels

• Campsites

• Public utilities, penal institutions, military barracks

• Commercial utilities with a high heat and hot water demand

• Laundries

• Car washes (for passenger cars and trucks)

• Industrial facilities

SOLARGE – Professional Training: Collective Solar Thermal Systems I Introduction

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3I Introduction© target GmbH

Structure of final energy consumers in Germany (please adapt chart according to your national energy consumption structure)

Source: BMWi

Industry25.8 %

Transport28.5 %

Trade, commerce,services16.3 %

Households29.4 %

Gewerbe, Handel, Dienstleistungen 16,3 %

4I Introduction© target GmbH

Primary, final and utility energy flow in Germany (please adapt chart according to your national energy consumption structure)

Source: Wuppertal Institut 1999

Primary energy100 %

15,357 PJ

Utility energy31 %

4,695 PJ

48.4 %

28.1 %

10.2 %13.3 %

Share ofutility energy use

Final energy61 %

9,315 PJ

Primaryenergy loss

3,408 PJ

Finalenergy loss

4,620 PJ

Non-energetic use: 964 PJConsumption in the transformation sector: 583 PJExport and bunkering: 1,087 PJ

total: 2,634 PJ Space heat2,270 PJ

Process heat1,320 PJ

Transport 480 PJ

Other power andlight 625 PJ

SOLARGE – Professional Training: Collective Solar Thermal Systems I Introduction

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5I Introduction© target GmbH

Final energy consumption in private households (please adapt chart according to your national energy consumption structure)

Source: BMWi

Light1.4 %

Mechanicalenergy7.2 %

Otherprocess heat

4.1 %

Hot water11.2 % Space heat

76 %

6I Introduction© target GmbH

Overview of renewable energy technologies

Source: M. Schnauss

Photo

s: A

. G

rebe,

T . M

ahle

r, N

aturE

ner

gie

AG

, M

. Sch

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)

Geothermal energy Photovoltaics

Solar heat

Biomass

Wind power

Hydropower

Heat Electricity

SOLARGE – Professional Training: Collective Solar Thermal Systems I Introduction

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7I Introduction© target GmbH

The earth‘s energy resources

Source: DLR, Dr. Nitsch

Energy offerAll natural energy sources taken together offer 3,078 times the energy we currently need at a global scale.

Directsun power

2,850 times

Wind200 times

Sea energy2 times

Hydropower1 time

Earth heat5 times

Biomass20 times

8I Introduction© target GmbH

Changes of the global energy mix until 2100

Source: UVS, BMU

Other renewables

Solar heat

Solar electricity (Photovoltaicsand solar thermal plants)

Wind

Biomass

Hydropower

Nuclear power

Gas

Carbon

Oil

2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2100

Annual use of primary energy[EJ/a]

1,600

1,400

600

400

200

0

1,000

800

1,200

SOLARGE – Professional Training: Collective Solar Thermal Systems I Introduction

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9I Introduction© target GmbH

Categorisation of solar thermal systems

Source: M. Schnauss

Small systems (2 m2 – 30 m2)

• Mostly one and two-family houses Standard solutions• Heating support

for one and two-family houses

Medium size systems (30 m2 – 100 m2)

• Multi-family residences Individual planning• Hotels• Old people‘s homes Standard components• etc.

Collective systems (100 m2 – several 1,000 m2)

• Multi-family residences Individual planning• Trade• Industry No standard solutions• Housing estates• Local heat networks

10I Introduction© target GmbH

State-of-the-art of the technology

Source: M. Schnauss

Collectors:

• Well-developed products• Large collectors (up to 10 m2)• „Solar Roof“ – ready-made large modules• Roof integration• Ready-made mounting systems

System technology:

• Well-developed storage technology• Ready-made modules (charging stations, fresh water modules)• Intelligent control technique• Data collection and system monitoring

Infrastructure:

• Service and support• Know-how• Standards and guidelines• Planning tools• Technical literature, training courses

SOLARGE – Professional Training: Collective Solar Thermal Systems I Introduction

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11I Introduction© target GmbH

Market development solar heat in Germany (please adapt chart according to your national market development)

Source: BSW 2006

070

140210280350420490560630700770840910

Hea

t ca

paci

ty [

meg

awatt

]

0100200300400500600700800900

1,0001,1001,2001,300

1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006*

Annual heat capacity and collector surface installed in Germany

Market data 2005Newly installed: 665 MW = 950,000 m2

Totally installed: 4,700 MW = 6.72 Mio m2

Turnover: 750 Mio EuroJobs: 12,500Share of vacuum tubes: 10 %

Trend 18 % growth/yearFlat collectors Vacuum tube collectors Prognosis BSW

Colle

ctor

surf

ace

[1.0

00 m

2]

12I Introduction© target GmbH

Men‘s residence hall, Hannover (please insert project from your country)

Source: A. Rummel, Corona Solar

Constructor: SozialpädagogischBetreutes Wohnen e. V.

System use: Domestic hot water heating

Installation type: On-roof installation

Inclination, orientation: 25°,West

Collector surface: 41 m2

Storage tank volumev 1,500 l (buffer), 500 l (DHW)

Gain: 354 kWh/(m2·a)

Start of operation: 2002

SOLARGE – Professional Training: Collective Solar Thermal Systems I Introduction

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13I Introduction© target GmbH

Multi-family residence, Berlin (please insert project from your country)

Constructor: DEGEWO gAG

System use: Domestic hot water heatingand heating support

Installation type: Flat roof mounting system

Inclination, orientation: 30°, South (-10°)

Collector surface: 54 m2

Storage tank volume: 1,300 l (buffer), 500 l (DHW)

Gain: 538 kWh/(m2·a)

Start of operation: 2004

14I Introduction© target GmbH

Multi-family residence, Potsdam (please insert project from your country)

Constructor: Wohnungsgenossenschaft"Karl Marx" Potsdam eG

System use: Domestic hot water heating

Installation type: Flat roof mounting system

Inclination, orientation: 45°, Southwest (+34°)

Collector surface: 222 m2

Storage tank volume: 9,750 l (buffer), 2.250 l (DHW)

Gain: 328 kWh/(m2·a)

Start of operation: 2000

SOLARGE – Professional Training: Collective Solar Thermal Systems I Introduction

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15I Introduction© target GmbH

Multi-family residence, Hamburg (please insert project from your country)

Source: Wagner & Co, Pilsinger Architekten

Constructor: BaugenossenschaftFLUWOG/NORDMARK eG

System use: Domestic hot water heating

Installation type: Solar Roof

Inclination, orientation: 38°, South (+ 18°)

Collector surface: 95 m2

Storage tank volume: 4,000 l (buffer), 3,000 l (DHW)

Gain (prognosis): 445 kWh/(m2·a)

Start of operation: 2005

16I Introduction© target GmbH

Youth hostel, Frankfurt am Main (please insert project from your country)

Source: Wagner & Co

Constructor: Verein

System use: Domestic hot water heating

Installation type: Dachintegration

Inclination, orientation: 40°, South

Collector surface: 107 m2

Storage tank volume: 4,000 l (buffer), 16,000 l (DHW)

Gain (prognosis): 600 kWh/(m2·a)

Start of operation: 2004

SOLARGE – Professional Training: Collective Solar Thermal Systems I Introduction

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17I Introduction© target GmbH

Multi-family residence, Lübbenau (please insert project from your country)

Source: Solar Engineering

Constructor: WiS Wohnungsbaugesellschaftim Spreewald mbH

System use: Domestic hot water heating

Installation type: Facade-integrated

Inclination 90°

Collector surface: 76 m2

Storage tank volume: 3,000 l (buffer), 750 l (DHW)

Gain (prognosis): 187 kWh/(m2·a)

Start of operation: 2000

18I Introduction© target GmbH

District heating Solarcity, Hannover-Kronsberg(please insert project from your country)

Source: SET, Informationszentrum Beton

Constructor: Gesellschaft für Bauen undWohnen Hannover, Avacon AG

System use: Domestic hot water heatingand heating support

Installation type: Solar Roof

Collector surface: 1,350 m2

seasonal storage 2,750 m3

Gain (prognosis): 200 kWh/(m2·a)

Start of operation: 2000

SOLARGE – Professional Training: Collective Solar Thermal Systems I Introduction

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19I Introduction© target GmbH

District heating, Hamburg-Bramfeld (please insert project from your country)

Source: Hein Gas, M. Sandrock

Constructor: Hamburger Gaswerke GmbH

System use: Domestic hot water heatingand heating support

Installation type: Roof-integration and solar roof

Inclination, orientation: 40°, South (– 15°)

Collector surface: 3,000 m2

seasonal storage 4,500 m3

Gain (prognosis): 270 kWh/(m2·a)

Start of operation: 1996

20I Introduction© target GmbH

Car wash, Oberursel (please insert project from your country)

Source: Wagner & Co

Constructor: Big Wash

System use: Domestic hot water heating

Installation type: Mounted on flat roof

Inclination, orientation: 30°, South

Collector surface: 61 m2

Storage tank volume: 3,000 l (buffer), 300 l (DHW)

Gain (prognosis): 665 kWh/(m2·a)

Start of operation: 2004